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Oduntan E, Onasanya O, Anderson T, DesRoches A, Mondal P, Mela M. The influence of a Learning to Forgive Program on institutional offending and recidivism among offenders with mental disorder. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2023; 63:280-286. [PMID: 36691312 DOI: 10.1177/00258024221141635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous researchers have demonstrated that learning to forgive may reduce the likelihood of offending/reoffending. Forgiveness therapy may be useful for rehabilitation by assisting traumatized individuals to release revengeful emotions. The current study is a follow up to a previous study that examined the effects of a 6-week forgiveness psychoeducational intervention for offenders with mental disorders. The aim of the current study was to determine any differences for participants who received a forgiveness intervention versus a control group for rates of recidivism (likelihood of reoffending and length of time to reoffend) and type of institutional offense. Recidivism data was collected through the Canadian Police Information Center. Both the control and treatment group in this study were selected from offenders with mental disorder at the Regional Psychiatric Centre, a multilevel forensic psychiatry hospital in Saskatoon, Canada. Results indicated that participants who received the forgiveness intervention took significantly longer than the control group to both commit non-violent offenses, and to be convicted of any offense. Results suggest that forgiveness therapy for offender populations may improve behavior and reduce recidivism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Oduntan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Oluwadara Onasanya
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Tara Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Saskatoon Health Region, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Andrea DesRoches
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Prosanta Mondal
- College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Mansfield Mela
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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McGinty EE, Murphy KA, Dalcin AT, Stuart EA, Wang NY, Dickerson F, Gudzune K, Jerome G, Thompson D, Cullen BA, Gennusa J, Kilbourne AM, Daumit GL. A Model for Advancing Scale-Up of Complex Interventions for Vulnerable Populations: the ALACRITY Center for Health and Longevity in Mental Illness. J Gen Intern Med 2021; 36:500-505. [PMID: 32869192 PMCID: PMC7878664 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-06137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many of the most pressing health issues in the USA and worldwide require complex, multi-faceted solutions. Delivery of such solutions is often complicated by the need to reach and engage vulnerable populations facing multiple barriers to care. While the fields of quality improvement and implementation science have made valuable gains in the development and spread of individual strategies to improve evidence-based practice delivery, models for coordinated deployment of numerous strategies to simultaneously implement multiple evidence-based interventions in vulnerable populations are lacking. In this Perspective, we describe a model for this type of comprehensive research-practice translation effort: the Johns Hopkins ALACRITY Center for Health and Longevity in Mental Illness, which is focused on reducing premature mortality in the population with serious mental illness. We describe the Center's conceptual framework, which is built upon an integrated set of quality improvement and implementation science frameworks, provide an overview of the Center's organizational structure and core research-practice translation activities, and discuss our vision for how the Center may evolve over time. Lessons learned from this Center's efforts could inform models to address other critical health issues in vulnerable populations that require multi-component solutions at the policy, system, provider, and patient levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGinty
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Karly A Murphy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arlene T Dalcin
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nae-Yuh Wang
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Kim Gudzune
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gerald Jerome
- Department of Kinesiology, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - David Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Armstrong Institute for Patient Safety and Quality, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bernadette A Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph Gennusa
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy M Kilbourne
- Health Services Research and Development Service, Veterans Health Administration, US Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MD, USA
| | - Gail L Daumit
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Raja T, Tuomainen H, Madan J, Mistry D, Jain S, Easwaran K, Singh SP. Psychiatric hospital reform in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of literature. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:1341-1357. [PMID: 33884439 PMCID: PMC8316186 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-021-02075-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychiatric hospitals or mental asylums grew across the world in the colonial era. Despite concerns over quality of care and human rights violations, these hospitals continue to provide the majority of mental health care in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to review the evidence of reform of mental hospitals and associated patient outcomes. METHODS We adopted an integrative review methodology by including experimental and non-experimental research. The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42019130399). A range of databases and systematic hand searches were conducted by two independent reviewers. Research conducted between 1980 and May 2019, that focused on any aspect of reform in mental hospitals for adults (age 18 and upwards) with severe mental illness and published in English, were considered. RESULTS 16 studies were included in the review. 12 studies met inclusion criteria, and four additional reports emerged from the hand search. Studies covered-India, China, South Africa, Grenada, Georgia, Sri Lanka, Argentina and Brazil. Key findings emphasise the role of judicial intervention as a critical trigger of reform. Structural reform composed of optimisation of resources and renovations of colonial structures to cater to diverse patient needs. Process reforms include changes in medical management, admission processes and a move from closed to open wards. Staff engagement and capacity building have also been used as a modality of reform in mental hospital settings. CONCLUSION There is some documentation of reform in psychiatric hospitals. However, poor methodological quality and variation in approach and outcomes measured, make it challenging to extrapolate specific findings on process or outcomes of reform. Despite being integral service providers, psychiatric hospitals still do not adopt patient centric, recovery-oriented processes. Hence, there is an urgent need to generate robust evidence on psychiatric reform and its effect on patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Raja
- Tata Trusts, World Trade Center, Cuffe Parade, Mumbai, 400005, India. .,Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England.
| | - Helena Tuomainen
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
| | - Jason Madan
- Centre for Health Economics, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
| | - Dipesh Mistry
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029 India
| | - Kamala Easwaran
- Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, England ,Founder Sumunum Foundation, Chennai, India
| | - Swaran P. Singh
- Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, England
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McGinty EE, Stone EM, Kennedy-Hendricks A, Bandara S, Murphy KA, Stuart EA, Rosenblum MA, Daumit GL. Effects of Maryland's Affordable Care Act Medicaid Health Home Waiver on Quality of Cardiovascular Care Among People with Serious Mental Illness. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:3148-3158. [PMID: 32128686 PMCID: PMC7661675 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05690-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nineteen US states and D.C. have used the Affordable Care Act Medicaid health home waiver to create behavioral health home (BHH) programs for Medicaid beneficiaries with serious mental illness (SMI). BHH programs integrate physical healthcare management and coordination into specialty mental health programs. No studies have evaluated the effects of a BHH program created through the Affordable Care Act waiver on cardiovascular care quality among people with SMI. OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Maryland's Medicaid health home waiver BHH program, implemented October 1, 2013, on quality of cardiovascular care among individuals with SMI. DESIGN Retrospective cohort analysis using Maryland Medicaid administrative claims data from July 1, 2010, to September 30, 2016. We used marginal structural modeling with inverse probability of treatment weighting to account for censoring and potential time-dependent confounding. PARTICIPANTS Maryland Medicaid beneficiaries with diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD) participating in psychiatric rehabilitation programs, the setting in which BHHs were implemented. To qualify for psychiatric rehabilitation programs, individuals must have SMI. The analytic sample included BHH and non-BHH participants, N = 2605 with diabetes and N = 1899 with CVD. MAIN MEASURES Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures of cardiovascular care quality including annual receipt of diabetic eye and foot exams; HbA1c, diabetic nephropathy, and cholesterol testing; and statin therapy receipt and adherence among individuals with diabetes, as well as HEDIS measures of annual receipt of cholesterol testing and statin therapy and adherence among individuals with CVD. KEY RESULTS Relative to non-enrollment, enrollment in Maryland's BHH program was associated with increased likelihood of eye exam receipt among individuals with SMI and co-morbid diabetes, but no changes in other care quality measures. CONCLUSIONS Additional financing, infrastructure, and implementation supports may be needed to realize the full potential of Maryland's BHH to improve cardiovascular care for people with SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E McGinty
- Department of Health Policy and Management , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M Stone
- Department of Health Policy and Management , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alene Kennedy-Hendricks
- Department of Health Policy and Management , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sachini Bandara
- Department of Health Policy and Management , Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Karly A Murphy
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Rosenblum
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gail L Daumit
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Adjorlolo S, Abdul-Nasiru I, Chan HCO, Bambi LE. Mental Health Professionals' Attitudes Toward Offenders With Mental Illness (Insanity Acquittees) in Ghana. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:629-654. [PMID: 27589876 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x16666802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mental health professionals' attitudes toward offenders with mental illness have significant implications for the quality of care and treatment rendered, making it imperative for these professionals to be aware of their attitudes. Yet, this topical issue has received little research attention. Consequently, the present study investigates attitudes toward offenders with mental illness (insanity acquittees) in a sample of 113 registered mental health nurses in Ghana. Using a cross-sectional survey and self-report methodology, the participants respond to measures of attitudes toward offenders with mental illness, attitudes toward mental illness, conviction proneness, and criminal blameworthiness. The results show that mental health nurses who reportedly practiced for a longer duration (6 years and above) were more likely to be unsympathetic, while the male nurses who were aged 30 years and above were more likely to hold offenders with mental illness strictly liable for their offenses. Importantly, the nurses' scores in conviction proneness and criminal blameworthiness significantly predict negative attitudes toward the offenders even after controlling for their attitudes toward mental illness. Yet, when the nurses' conviction proneness and criminal blameworthiness were held constant, their attitudes toward mental illness failed to predict attitudes toward the offenders. This initial finding implies that the nurses' views regarding criminal blameworthiness and conviction may be more influential in understanding their attitudes toward offenders with mental illness relative to their attitudes toward mental illness.
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Vidal C, Lepresle A, Chariot P. Self-reported Mental Health Issues Among Arrestees in the Paris, France Area. J Forensic Sci 2017; 62:947-952. [PMID: 28568767 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We studied (May-September 2014) all arrestees who reported mental health issues during the medical examination performed by a forensic physician for the assessment of fitness for detention. Among 4814 arrestees, 420 (9%) reported a current mental health issue. The suspected crimes among arrestees reporting a current mental health issue were more often related to violent behaviors (physical assault, 23% vs. 16%, p < 0.001, sexual assault, 3% vs. 1%, p = 0.01) and less often drug offenses (18% vs. 29%, p < 0.001). Among arrestees reporting mental health issues, 80% reported psychiatric or psychological care, of whom 33% reported previous mental health care. Decisions of unfitness for detention were more frequent among arrestees reporting mental health issues than in other detainees (3% vs. 1%, p < 0.001). The high proportion of patients with interrupted mental health care among those reporting mental disorders suggests that the medical examination during custody could be a significant opportunity to restore psychiatric care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Vidal
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Aude Lepresle
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France
| | - Patrick Chariot
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hôpital Jean-Verdier (AP-HP), 93140, Bondy, France.,Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Enjeux Sociaux (IRIS), UMR 8156-997, UFR SMBH, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris 13, Paris, France
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Kelsey CM, Medel N, Mullins C, Dallaire D, Forestell C. An Examination of Care Practices of Pregnant Women Incarcerated in Jail Facilities in the United States. Matern Child Health J 2017; 21:1260-1266. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-016-2224-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Vinson ES, Oser CB. Risk and Protective Factors for Suicidal Ideation in African American Women With a History of Sexual Violence as a Minor. Violence Against Women 2016; 22:1770-1787. [PMID: 26933090 DOI: 10.1177/1077801216632614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Compared with other ethnic groups, African Americans have the highest rate of childhood victimization. The literature is sparse with regard to suicidal ideation among African American women with a history of sexual violence as a minor. Using survey data, this study utilized logistic regression to investigate the roles of a risk factor, criminal justice involvement, and protective factors, ethnic identity, and spiritual well-being, in experiencing suicidal ideation. Findings suggest that criminal justice involvement and the interaction of ethnic identity and spiritual well-being are important factors in understanding which African American women may be at a greater risk of experiencing suicidal ideation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony S Vinson
- 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carrie B Oser
- 1 Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,2 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Ignatyev Y, Fritsch R, Priebe S, Mundt AP. Psychometric properties of the symptom check-list-90-R in prison inmates. Psychiatry Res 2016; 239:226-31. [PMID: 27031592 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability, construct and criterion validity of the Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R) for prison inmates. A sample of 427 adult prisoners was assessed at admission to the penal justice system in the metropolitan region of Santiago de Chile using the SCL-90-R and the mini international neuropsychiatric interview. We tested internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. We examined construct validity using Principial Components Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (PCA and CFA) as well as Mokken Scale Analysis. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to examine external criterion validity against diagnoses established using structured clinical interviews. The SCL-90-R showed good internal consistency for all subscales (α=0.76-0.89) and excellent consistency for the global scale (α=0.97). PCA yielded a 1-factor structure, which accounted for 70.7% of the total variance. CFA and MSA confirmed the unidimensional structure. ROC analysis indicated useful accuracy of the SCL-90-R to screen for severe mental disorders. Optimal cut-off on the Global Severity Index between severe mental disorders and not having any severe mental disorder was 1.42. In conclusion, the SCL-90-R is a reliable and valid instrument, which may be useful to screen for severe mental disorders at admission to the prison system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Ignatyev
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Fritsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Psychiatry, Universidad de los Andes, Chile
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Adrian P Mundt
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Chile; Escuela de Medicina sede Puerto Montt, Universidad San Sebastián, Chile.
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Piselli M, Attademo L, Garinella R, Rella A, Antinarelli S, Tamantini A, Quartesan R, Stracci F, Abram KM. Psychiatric needs of male prison inmates in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2015; 41:82-88. [PMID: 25888500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data on the mental health needs of men in an Italian prison and examines if mental health needs of inmates differ across key correctional subpopulations. Interviewers conducted semi-structured clinical interviews with 526 convicted males incarcerated in the Spoleto Prison from October 2010 through September 2011. Nearly two thirds (65.0%) of inmates had an Axis I or Axis II disorder. About half (52.7%) had an Axis I disorder. Personality disorders were the most common disorders (51.9%), followed by anxiety (25.3%) and substance use disorders (24.9%). Over one third of inmates (36.6%) had comorbid types of disorder. The most common comorbid types of disorders were substance use disorders plus personality disorders (20.1%) and anxiety disorders plus personality disorders (18.0%). Findings underscore a significant need for specialized mental health services for men in Italian prisons. Moreover, as inmates return to the community, their care becomes the responsibility of the community health system. Service systems must be equipped to provide integrated services for those with both psychiatric and substance use disorders and be prepared for challenges posed by patients with personality disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Piselli
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, AUSL Umbria 2, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Servizio Psichiatrico Diagnosi e Cura, Via Massimo Arcamone, 06034 Foligno, Italy.
| | - Luigi Attademo
- School of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, New Faculty of Medicine, Ellisse Edificio A Piano 8, Loc. Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Garinella
- School of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, New Faculty of Medicine, Ellisse Edificio A Piano 8, Loc. Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo Rella
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, AUSL Umbria 2, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Servizio Psichiatrico Diagnosi e Cura, Via Massimo Arcamone, 06034 Foligno, Italy
| | - Simonetta Antinarelli
- Health District of Spoleto, AUSL Umbria 2, Palazzina Micheli Piazza D. Perilli 1, 06049 Spoleto, Italy.
| | - Antonia Tamantini
- Functional Area of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, AUSL Umbria 2, Ospedale San Giovanni Battista, Servizio Psichiatrico Diagnosi e Cura, Via Massimo Arcamone, 06034 Foligno, Italy
| | - Roberto Quartesan
- School of Psychiatry, University of Perugia, Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, New Faculty of Medicine, Ellisse Edificio A Piano 8, Loc. Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy; Department of Medicine, Division of Psychiatry, Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, New Faculty of Medicine, University of Perugia, Ellisse Edificio A Piano 8, Loc. Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Stracci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Umbrian Population Cancer Registry, Division of Public Health, University of Perugia, Via Del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Karen M Abram
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Health Disparities and Public Policy Program, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 710 N. Lake Shore Drive, Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Dowse L, Cumming TM, Strnadová I, Lee JS, Trofimovs J. Young People with Complex Needs in the Criminal Justice System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/23297018.2014.953671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Carrà G, Bartoli F, Brambilla G, Crocamo C, Clerici M. Comorbid Addiction and Major Mental Illness in Europe: A Narrative Review. Subst Abus 2014; 36:75-81. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2014.960551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Sutherland MA. Incarceration during pregnancy: implications for women, newborns and health care providers. Nurs Womens Health 2013; 17:225-30. [PMID: 23773195 DOI: 10.1111/1751-486x.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Women are now the fastest growing group among incarcerated persons in the United States. With approximately 6 percent to 10 percent of incarcerated women pregnant, the intersection of pregnancy and incarceration is an important issue. Incarcerated women are more likely to experience illness and serious diseases, and pregnant incarcerated women are particularly vulnerable, reporting late or less than optimal prenatal care. Nurses working in labor and delivery, postpartum units and correctional facilities are at the forefront of assessment, education and advocacy for pregnant women who are incarcerated. This column takes a second look at two recent studies in which researchers examined the health of pregnant incarcerated women (and their newborns) and discusses the importance of advocacy for this at-risk population.
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Zhu N, Moulden HM, McNeely H, Mamak M. The Role of Inattention in the Relationship between Mental Illness and Crime. JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY PRACTICE 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15228932.2013.817888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stone A, Rogers D, Kruckenberg S, Lieser A. Impact of the mental healthcare delivery system on california emergency departments. West J Emerg Med 2012; 13:51-6. [PMID: 22461921 PMCID: PMC3298229 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2011.6.6732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This is an observational study of emergency departments (ED) in California to identify factors related to the magnitude of ED utilization by patients with mental health needs. Methods In 2010, an online survey was administered to ED directors in California querying them about factors related to the evaluation, timeliness to appropriate psychiatric treatment, and disposition of patients presenting to EDs with psychiatric complaints. Results One hundred twenty-three ED directors from 42 of California's 58 counties responded to the survey. The mean number of hours it took for psychiatric evaluations to be completed in the ED, from the time referral was placed to completed evaluation, was 5.97 hours (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.82–7.13). The average wait time for adult patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis in the ED, once the decision to admit was made until placement into an inpatient psychiatric bed or transfer to an appropriate level of care, was 10.05 hours (95% CI, 8.69–11.52). The average wait time for pediatric patients with a primary psychiatric diagnosis was 12.97 hours (95% CI, 11.16–14.77). The most common reason reported for extended ED stays for this patient population was lack of inpatient psychiatric beds. Conclusion The extraordinary wait times for patients with mental illness in the ED, as well as the lack of resources available to EDs for effectively treating and appropriately placing these patients, indicate the existence of a mental health system in California that prevents patients in acute need of psychiatric treatment from getting it at the right time, in the right place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stone
- California Hospital Association, Sacramento, California
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Carrà G, Giacobone C, Pozzi F, Alecci P, Barale F. Prevalence of mental disorder and related treatments in a local jail: a 20-month consecutive case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:47-54. [PMID: 15248393 DOI: 10.1017/s1121189x00003225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SummaryAims – To define the prevalence of mental disorder within an Italian local jail and to describe main psychiatric treatments provided. Methods – Cross-sectional study of consecutive male prisoners referred, over a twenty-month period, for a clinical psychiatric assessment, among population (N=990) of Casa circondariale “Torre del Gallo”, Pavia (I); clinical DSM-IV diagnostic assessment and retrospective analysis of provided psychiatric treatments (i.e. psychiatric visits and pharmacological prescriptions). Results – 191 men (19.3%) had one or more current mental disorders (excluding substance misuse), including 13 (1.3%) psychosis; 53 (5.4%) mood disorder; 24 (2.4%) anxiety disorder; 26 (2.6%) adjustment disorder; 40 (4.1%) personality disorder; 32 (3.2%) personality disorder plus mood disorder; 3 (0.3%) mental retardation. Substance- (N=89, 47%) and HIV-related (N=19, 10%) disorders comorbidity is recognised. Psychiatric visits are mainly provided to psychosis and personality disorder plus mood disorder subgroups. Off-label antipsychotics prescriptions are frequent. Conclusions – The prevalence of mental disorder in this population is higher than US and EU averages, and for particular diagnostic subgroups it could be underestimated. Psychiatric management in prison should be reorganized according to national and European health guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Carrà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Sanitarie Applicate e Psicocomportamentali, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università di Pavia, Pavia.
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Wood SR. Co-occurring Psychiatric and Substance Dependence Disorders as Predictors of Parolee Time to Rearrest. JOURNAL OF OFFENDER REHABILITATION 2011; 50:175-190. [PMID: 22582021 PMCID: PMC3349337 DOI: 10.1080/10509674.2011.571076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An estimated 500,000-plus people are on parole each year, many with serious co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders. Using cross sectional, self-report data this study examined the relationships between parolee time to rearrest, serious mental illnesses, and substance dependency (n = 1,121). Regression analyses indicated that after controlling for demographic and criminal justice variables, parolees with serious psychiatric and substance dependence disorders were rearrested faster than non-dually diagnosed parolees (p < .05). An explanation is that compared with parolees without dual diagnoses, parole violations by dually diagnosed parolees are detected and punished more quickly because of closer parole supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven R Wood
- National Development and Research Institutes, Public Health Solutions, New York, New York, USA and Department of Sociology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
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Piselli M, Elisei S, Murgia N, Quartesan R, Abram KM. Co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders among male detainees in Italy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2009; 32:101-107. [PMID: 19237198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2009.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents data on the prevalence of co-occurring substance use and psychiatric disorders among newly imprisoned males in Italy. Interviewers conducted semi-structured clinical interviews with n=302 male detainees seven days after their admission to the prison of Perugia from August 2005 through July 2006. Over half of male detainees (54.3%) had either a substance use disorder or another psychiatric disorder. One of every five detainees (20.9%) had comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders. Compared to detainees with psychiatric disorder only, substance use disorder only, or no disorder, detainees with comorbid substance use and psychiatric disorders were significantly more likely to have severe impairment in the areas of employment, substance abuse, family and social functioning, and psychiatric symptoms. Findings underscore the need for careful diagnostic screening at intake, access to treatment during detention, and an effective transition to services at the time of release.
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Braithwaite RL, Treadwell HM, Arriola KRJ. Health disparities and incarcerated women: a population ignored. Am J Public Health 2008; 98:S173-5. [PMID: 18687609 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.98.supplement_1.s173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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20
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Chandler DW, Spicer G. Integrated treatment for jail recidivists with co-occurring psychiatric and substance use disorders. Community Ment Health J 2006; 42:405-25. [PMID: 16933087 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-006-9055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Jail recidivists with serious mental illness and substance use disorders were treated in an in-custody setting and then randomly assigned to either a high fidelity Integrated Dual Disorders Treatment program (103 participants) or to service as usual (79 participants). Outcomes were tracked an average of 18 months from program entry at the termination of the initial incarceration. A reduction in jail days from baseline to study period was significant for both groups. The pre to post reduction for arrests and total convictions was significant in the experimental group but not the control group. However, during the study period, differences between experimental and control groups in arrests, convictions and jail days were not statistically significant. Experimental participants had lower study period psychiatric inpatient and crisis utilization and greater outpatient utilization than did control group participants. The groups did not differ with regard to total institutional days. Experimental group attrition was relatively high.
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Braithwaite RL, Treadwell HM, Arriola KRJ. Health disparities and incarcerated women: a population ignored. Am J Public Health 2005; 95:1679-81. [PMID: 16186446 PMCID: PMC1449417 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2005.065375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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22
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Mullen PD, Cummins AG, Velasquez MM, von Sternberg K, Carvajal R. Jails as important but constrained venues for addressing women's health. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2003; 26:157-168. [PMID: 12802121 DOI: 10.1097/00003727-200304000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Women in US jails have many social and health risks that merit attention from public health agencies. This article: (1) reviews national and local data on this population for indicators of social disadvantage and of several health risks/conditions (substance abuse, risky sex, and mental illness), (2) describes the impact of federal mandatory sentencing for drug violations and recent developments in states on the numbers of incarcerated women, (3) outlines the similarities and differences between jails and prisons, focusing on characteristics of jails that facilitate and constrain intervention and evaluation activities, and (4) adds lessons learned in six years of experience in county and state jails in Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Dolan Mullen
- The Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, 77030, USA.
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