1
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Bautista-Pérez R, Cano-Martínez A, Herrera-Rodríguez MA, Ramos-Godinez MDP, Pérez Reyes OL, Chirino YI, Rodríguez Serrano ZJ, López-Marure R. Oral Exposure to Titanium Dioxide E171 and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Multi-Organ Damage in Rats: Role of Ceramide. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5881. [PMID: 38892068 PMCID: PMC11172338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food-grade titanium dioxide (E171) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are common food additives for human consumption. We examined multi-organ toxicity of both compounds on Wistar rats orally exposed for 90 days. Rats were divided into three groups: (1) control (saline solution), (2) E171-exposed, and (3) ZnO NPs-exposed. Histological examination was performed with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ceramide (Cer), 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), and lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP-2) were detected by immunofluorescence. Relevant histological changes were observed: disorganization, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mitochondrial damage. Increased levels of Cer, NT, and LAMP-2 were observed in the liver, kidney, and brain of E171- and ZnO NPs-exposed rats, and in rat hearts exposed to ZnO NPs. E171 up-regulated Cer and NT levels in the aorta and heart, while ZnO NPs up-regulated them in the aorta. Both NPs increased LAMP-2 expression in the intestine. In conclusion, chronic oral exposure to metallic NPs causes multi-organ injury, reflecting how these food additives pose a threat to human health. Our results suggest how complex interplay between ROS, Cer, LAMP-2, and NT may modulate organ function during NP damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Bautista-Pérez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.)
| | | | | | - Olga Lidia Pérez Reyes
- Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Irasema Chirino
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 54090, Mexico
| | - Zariá José Rodríguez Serrano
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.)
| | - Rebeca López-Marure
- Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.)
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2
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Gallagher E, Hou C, Zhu Y, Hsieh CJ, Lee H, Li S, Xu K, Henderson P, Chroneos R, Sheldon M, Riley S, Luk KC, Mach RH, McManus MJ. Positron Emission Tomography with [ 18F]ROStrace Reveals Progressive Elevations in Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Alpha-Synucleinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4943. [PMID: 38732162 PMCID: PMC11084161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The synucleinopathies are a diverse group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of aggregated alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in vulnerable populations of brain cells. Oxidative stress is both a cause and a consequence of aSyn aggregation in the synucleinopathies; however, noninvasive methods for detecting oxidative stress in living animals have proven elusive. In this study, we used the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer [18F]ROStrace to detect increases in oxidative stress in the widely-used A53T mouse model of synucleinopathy. A53T-specific elevations in [18F]ROStrace signal emerged at a relatively early age (6-8 months) and became more widespread within the brain over time, a pattern which paralleled the progressive development of aSyn pathology and oxidative damage in A53T brain tissue. Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) also caused rapid and long-lasting elevations in [18F]ROStrace signal in A53T mice, suggesting that chronic, aSyn-associated oxidative stress may render these animals more vulnerable to further inflammatory insult. Collectively, these results provide novel evidence that oxidative stress is an early and chronic process during the development of synucleinopathy and suggest that PET imaging with [18F]ROStrace holds promise as a means of detecting aSyn-associated oxidative stress noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Gallagher
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Catherine Hou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Hsiaoju Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Shihong Li
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Patrick Henderson
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Rea Chroneos
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Malkah Sheldon
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Shaipreeah Riley
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
| | - Kelvin C. Luk
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (C.H.); (R.H.M.)
| | - Meagan J. McManus
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (E.G.)
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3
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Elgaabari A, Imatomi N, Kido H, Nakashima T, Okuda S, Manabe Y, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Kaneko R, Tanaka S, Maeno T, Matsuyoshi Y, Seki M, Kuwakado S, Zushi K, Daneshvar N, Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Sunagawa K, Anderson JE, Allen RE, Tatsumi R. Age-related nitration/dysfunction of myogenic stem cell activator HGF. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14041. [PMID: 37985931 PMCID: PMC10861216 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical perturbation triggers activation of resident myogenic stem cells to enter the cell cycle through a cascade of events including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation to signaling-receptor c-met. Here, we show that with aging, extracellular HGF undergoes tyrosine-residue (Y) nitration and loses c-met binding, thereby disturbing muscle homeostasis. Biochemical studies demonstrated that nitration/dysfunction is specific to HGF among other major growth factors and is characterized by its locations at Y198 and Y250 in c-met-binding domains. Direct-immunofluorescence microscopy of lower hind limb muscles from three age groups of rat, provided direct in vivo evidence for age-related increases in nitration of ECM-bound HGF, preferentially stained for anti-nitrated Y198 and Y250-HGF mAbs (raised in-house) in fast IIa and IIx myofibers. Overall, findings highlight inhibitory impacts of HGF nitration on myogenic stem cell dynamics, pioneering a cogent discussion for better understanding age-related muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration with fibrosis (including sarcopenia and frailty).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elgaabari
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Nana Imatomi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hirochika Kido
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Okuda
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Manabe
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental ScienceAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Ryuki Kaneko
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sakiho Tanaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Maeno
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuji Matsuyoshi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Miyumi Seki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - So Kuwakado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kahona Zushi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Judy E. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ronald E. Allen
- The School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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4
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Vitali V, Torricella F, Massai L, Messori L, Banci L. Enlarging the scenario of site directed 19F labeling for NMR spectroscopy of biomolecules. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22017. [PMID: 38086881 PMCID: PMC10716153 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility of using selectively incorporated 19F nuclei for NMR spectroscopic studies has retrieved increasing interest in recent years. The high gyromagnetic ratio of 19F and its absence in native biomolecular systems make this nucleus an interesting alternative to standard 1H NMR spectroscopy. Here we show how we can attach a label, carrying a 19F atom, to protein tyrosines, through the use of a specific three component Mannich-type reaction. To validate the efficacy and the specificity of the approach, we tested it on two selected systems with the aid of ESI MS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vitali
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Francesco Torricella
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lara Massai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Luigi Messori
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Banci
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Via Luigi Sacconi 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metalloproteine (CIRMMP), Florence, Italy.
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5
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Griswold-Prenner I, Kashyap AK, Mazhar S, Hall ZW, Fazelinia H, Ischiropoulos H. Unveiling the human nitroproteome: Protein tyrosine nitration in cell signaling and cancer. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105038. [PMID: 37442231 PMCID: PMC10413360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Covalent amino acid modification significantly expands protein functional capability in regulating biological processes. Tyrosine residues can undergo phosphorylation, sulfation, adenylation, halogenation, and nitration. These posttranslational modifications (PTMs) result from the actions of specific enzymes: tyrosine kinases, tyrosyl-protein sulfotransferase(s), adenylate transferase(s), oxidoreductases, peroxidases, and metal-heme containing proteins. Whereas phosphorylation, sulfation, and adenylation modify the hydroxyl group of tyrosine, tyrosine halogenation and nitration target the adjacent carbon residues. Because aberrant tyrosine nitration has been associated with human disorders and with animal models of disease, we have created an updated and curated database of 908 human nitrated proteins. We have also analyzed this new resource to provide insight into the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology, an area that has not previously been considered in detail. Unexpectedly, we have found that 879 of the 1971 known sites of tyrosine nitration are also sites of phosphorylation suggesting an extensive role for nitration in cell signaling. Overall, the review offers several forward-looking opportunities for future research and new perspectives for understanding the role of tyrosine nitration in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zach W Hall
- Nitrase Therapeutics, Brisbane, California, USA
| | - Hossein Fazelinia
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Harry Ischiropoulos
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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De Caro S, De Soricellis G, Dell'Acqua S, Monzani E, Nicolis S. Biological Oxidations and Nitrations Promoted by the Hemin-Aβ 16 Complex. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1319. [PMID: 37507859 PMCID: PMC10376006 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Both β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides and oxidative stress conditions play key roles in Alzheimer's disease. Hemin contributes to the development of the disease as it possesses redox properties and its level increases in pathological conditions or traumatic brain injuries. The aim of this work was to deepen the investigation of the reactivity of the hemin-Aβ16 complex, considering its ability to catalyze oxidation and nitration reactions. We performed kinetic studies in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and nitrite with phenolic and catechol substrates, as well as mass spectrometry studies to investigate the modifications occurring on the peptide itself. The kinetic constants were similar for oxidation and nitration reactions, and their values suggest that the hemin-Aβ16 complex binds negatively charged substrates with higher affinity. Mass spectrometry studies showed that tyrosine residue is the endogenous target of nitration. Hemin degradation analysis showed that hemin bleaching is only partly prevented by the coordinated peptide. In conclusion, hemin has rich reactivity, both in oxidation and nitration reactions on aromatic substrates, that could contribute to redox equilibrium in neurons. This reactivity is modulated by the coordination of the Aβ16 peptide and is only partly quenched when oxidative and nitrative conditions lead to hemin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Caro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- IUSS School for Advanced Studies of Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia De Soricellis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Dell'Acqua
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefania Nicolis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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7
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Calderón-Torres CM, Ortiz-Reyes AE, Murguía-Romero M. Oxidative Damage by 3-nitrotyrosine in Young Adults with Obesity: Its Implication in Chronic and Contagious Diseases. Curr Mol Med 2023; 23:358-364. [PMID: 35331110 DOI: 10.2174/1566524022666220324114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular damage by oxidation occurs in numerous chronic diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver, etc. The oxidized compound 3-nitrotyrosine is a marker of oxidative stress and protein oxidation damage. OBJECTIVE The article aims to assess whether 3-nitrotyrosine levels are higher in young people with obesity than in the same population without obesity. METHODS Anthropometry and blood chemistry analyses were performed on 24 young Mexican participants (18-30 years old), categorized into two groups based on their waist circumference: Withobesity (≥ 80 cm women; ≥ 90 cm men) and without-obesity (<80 cm women; <90 cm men). Additionally, 3-nitrotyrosine blood values were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Except for HDL-cholesterol, the mean values of lipids increased in women and men with obesity (p<0.05), and 3-nitrotyrosine concentration (nM/μg total protein) was higher by 60% in the group with-obesity compared to the group without-obesity, both for women (66.21 ± 23.85 vs. 40.69 ± 16.25, p<0.05) and men (51.72 ± 20.56 vs. 30.52 ± 5.21, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Oxidative damage measured by compound 3-nitrotyrosine was higher in the group with obesity than in the group without obesity, which, if not controlled, could lead to a chronic oxidative condition and thereby to a degree of cellular aging with adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Marissa Calderón-Torres
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. de Los Barrios #1, Tlalnepantla, 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Ana E Ortiz-Reyes
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Unidad de Biomedicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Ave. de Los Barrios #1, Tlalnepantla, 54090 Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Miguel Murguía-Romero
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico
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8
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Yasuda Y, Aoki H, Fujita W, Fujibayashi K, Wakasa M, Kawai Y, Nakanishi H, Saito K, Takeuchi M, Kajinami K. Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products are associated with left ventricular ejection fraction and brain natriuretic peptide in patients with diabetic adverse cardiac remodeling. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2022; 56:208-216. [PMID: 35792728 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2095013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Glyceraldehyde-derived advanced glycation end-products (Glycer-AGEs) have a strong binding affinity for their cognate receptor and elicit oxidative stress and inflammation. However, it remains unknown whether the levels of Glycer-AGEs correlate with the severity of cardiac function and heart failure in patients with diabetic adverse cardiac remodeling (DbCR). Fourteen heart failure patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) without other cardiac disorders (DbCR group) were enrolled. Another 14 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) without DM were served as a control (DCM group). All patients were assessed for serum Glycer-AGEs, nitrotyrosine (NT), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and for plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was evaluated by echocardiography. Results: The mean serum levels of Glycer-AGEs, NT, and TNFα in the DbCR group were significantly higher than those in the DCM group (for Glycer-AGEs, p = .0073; for NT, p = .005; for TNFα, p < .0001, respectively). In the patients with DbCR, the levels of serum Glycer-AGEs and TNFα were closely associated with LVEF and BNP values. Conclusions: Both Glycer-AGEs and TNFα showed close associations with LVEF and the levels of BNP in patients with DbCR. Glycer-AGEs and TNFα may play a pathological role in the development of DbCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuushi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Advanced Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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9
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Oda M, Fujibayashi K, Wakasa M, Takano S, Fujita W, Kitayama M, Nakanishi H, Saito K, Kawai Y, Kajinami K. Increased plasma glutamate in non-smokers with vasospastic angina pectoris is associated with plasma cystine and antioxidant capacity. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2022; 56:180-186. [PMID: 35695518 DOI: 10.1080/14017431.2022.2085884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of vasospastic angina pectoris (VSAP). Glutamate causes endothelial dysfunction by generating oxidative stress, and it inhibits cystine import into endothelial cells via the cystine/glutamate antiporter (XC-), which leads to depletion of antioxidant glutathione. However, whether glutamate and cystine are implicated in the pathogenesis of VSAP remains unclear. We investigated plasma glutamate and cystine levels, oxidative stress markers and antioxidant capacity in non-smoker patients with VSAP to determine whether glutamate and cystine are associated with the development of VSAP. We assessed 49 non-smokers assigned to groups with (n = 27) and without (n = 22) VSAP, and also measured plasma glutamate, cystine, nitrotyrosine, reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential. Results. Plasma glutamate and cystine values were significantly higher in the group with, than without VSAP (59.8 ± 25.7 vs. 43.5 ± 18.7 µmol/L, p = .016 and 35.3 ± 14.2 vs. 25.2 ± 9.1 µmol/L, p = .0056, respectively). Plasma glutamate and cystine values were significantly and positively associated (r = 0.32, p = .027). Levels of the oxidative stress markers nitrotyrosine and reactive oxygen metabolites, and biological antioxidant potential of as a measure of antioxidant capacity, did not significantly differ between the two groups. However, glutamate and biological antioxidant potential values were significantly and negatively associated (r = -0.3, p = .036). Conclusion. Plasma glutamate levels were increased in patients with VSAP who did not smoke, and they were positively associated with plasma cystine and negatively associated with the biological antioxidant potential levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minako Oda
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Minoru Wakasa
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takano
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujita
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | | | - Hiroaki Nakanishi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Saito
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kawai
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Kajinami
- Department of Cardiology, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
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10
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Kharaeva Z, Trakhtman P, Trakhtman I, De Luca C, Mayer W, Chung J, Ibragimova G, Korkina L. Fermented Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) Supplementation in the Prevention of HPV-Induced Cervical Cancer: From Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194707. [PMID: 36230630 PMCID: PMC9564137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Human papillomavirus (HPV) is connected with virtually all cases of cervical cancer. The viral infection-associated chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in apoptosis have been considered as leading risk factors for carcinogenesis in humans. In an observational clinical study, we identified oxidative markers and the cervical/circulating ligands of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis involved in HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis. In the following clinical trial, 250 females infected with high-cancer-risk HPV16/18 (healthy and pre-cancerous) were recruited into a placebo-controlled clinical study of supplementation with fermented mangosteen (FM, 28g/day, daily) for three months. Our findings indicate that FM, and not a placebo, in combination with routine anti-viral therapy, could prevent, slow down, or even interrupt HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis, mainly through the suppression of leukocyte recruitment into infected tissue, through anti-inflammatory effects, and through the restoration of nitric oxide metabolite-initiated TRAIL-dependent apoptosis. Abstract In the observational clinical study, we identified the oxidative markers of HPV-associated cervical carcinogenesis and the local/circulating ligands of TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis. Cervical biopsies of 196 females infected with low-cancer-risk HPV10/13 or high-cancer-risk HPV16/18 (healthy, pre-cancerous CIN I and CIN II, and CIN III carcinoma) were analysed for OH radical scavenging, catalase, GSH-peroxidase, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitrate/nitrite, nitrotyrosine, and isoprostane. Ligands of TNF-alpha-dependent apoptosis (TNF-alpha, TRAIL, IL-2, and sFAS) were determined in cervical fluid, biopsies, and serum. Cervical MPO was highly enhanced, while nitrotyrosine decreased in CIN III. Local/circulating TRAIL was remarkably decreased, and higher-than-control serum TNF-alpha and IL-2 levels were found in the CIN I and CIN III groups. Then, 250 females infected with HPV16/18 (healthy and with CIN I and CIN II) were recruited into a placebo-controlled clinical study of supplementation with fermented mangosteen (FM, 28g/day, daily) for three months. Post-trial colposcopy revealed normal patterns in 100% of the FM group versus 62% of the placebo group. Inflammatory cells in cervical fluid were found in 21% of the FM group versus 40% of the placebo group. Locally, FM drastically diminished MPO and NO2/NO3, while it remarkably increased TRAIL. Additionally, FM supplementation normalised serum TRAIL, TNF-alpha, and IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Kharaeva
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Virology Department, Berbekov’s Kabardino-Balkar State Medical University, Chernishevskiy Str. 176, 360000 Nalchik, Russia
| | - Pavel Trakhtman
- Blood Bank, Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Samora Mashela Str. 1, 117988 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Trakhtman
- R&D Department, Swiss Dekotra GmbH, Badenerstrasse 549, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chiara De Luca
- R&D Department, Medena AG, Industriestrasse 16, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Mayer
- R&D Department, Medena AG, Industriestrasse 16, CH-8910 Affoltern-am-Albis, Switzerland
| | - Jessie Chung
- Natural Health Farm Ltd., 39 Jalan Pengacara U1/48, Temasya Industrial Park, Shah Alam 40150, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Galina Ibragimova
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), Vernadskiy Pr. 97, 117437 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila Korkina
- R&D Department, Swiss Dekotra GmbH, Badenerstrasse 549, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Innovative Biotechnological Investigations Nanolab (CIBI-NANOLAB), Vernadskiy Pr. 97, 117437 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-3497364787
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11
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Alsharabasy AM, Glynn S, Farràs P, Pandit A. Protein nitration induced by Hemin/NO: A complementary mechanism through the catalytic functions of hemin and NO-scavenging. Nitric Oxide 2022; 124:49-67. [PMID: 35513288 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemin and heme-peroxidases have been considered essential catalysts for the nitrite/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-mediated protein nitration in vitro, understood as one of the main pathways for protein modification in biological systems. However, the role of nitric oxide (●NO) in the heme/hemin-induced protein nitration has not been studied in-depth. This is despite its reductive nitrosylating effects following binding to hemin and the possible involvement of the reactive nitrogen species in the nitration of various functional proteins. Here, the ●NO-binding affinity of hemin has been studied along with the influence of ●NO on the internalization of hemin into MDA-MB-231 cells and the accompanying changes in the profile of intracellular nitrated proteins. Moreover, to further understand the mechanism involved, bovine serum albumin (BSA) nitration was studied after treatment with hemin and ●NO, with an investigation of the effects of pH of the reaction medium, generation of H2O2, and the oxidation of the tyrosine residues as the primary sites for the nitration. We demonstrated that hemin nitrosylation enhanced its cellular uptake and induced the one-electron oxidation and nitration of different intracellular proteins along with its ●NO-scavenging efficiency. Moreover, the hemin/NO-mediated BSA nitration was proved to be dependent on the concentration of ●NO and the pH of the reaction medium, with a vital role being played by the scavenging effects of protein for the free hemin molecules. Collectively, our results reaffirm the involvement of hemin and ●NO in the nitration mechanism, where the nitrosylation products can induce protein nitration while promoting the effects of the components of the nitrite/H2O2-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M Alsharabasy
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Sharon Glynn
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Discipline of Pathology, Lambe Institute for Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Pau Farràs
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; School of Chemistry, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
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12
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Therapeutic effect of quercetin polymeric nanoparticles on ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 608:122-127. [PMID: 35397424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is known as a sudden episode of kidney injury, which happens suddenly within a few hours or a few days. Quercetin (3,3',4',5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) is a flavonoid found in plants. Quercetin is known to have several biological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic effects. However, low water solubility and bioavailability are the limitations of quercetin for its clinical applications. Moreover, ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common cause of AKI. There are no satisfactory strategies for I/R-induced AKI. Developing suitable preventive or therapeutic intervention for AKI is an important and urgent issue. We investigated the benefit effect of synthesized polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanoparticles for targeted delivery of quercetin on AKI in a mouse model. An I/R-induced AKI mouse model was used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of quercetin polymeric nanoparticles by intravenous injection. Biochemical changes for renal function in blood samples were analyzed. Histological and immunohistochemical changes were also analyzed. The biochemical changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and cystatin C were significantly increased in I/R-induced AKI mice, which could be significantly reversed by quercetin polymeric nanoparticles. Quercetin polymeric nanoparticles could also significantly decrease the histological lesions, positive staining for 3-nitrotyrosine and cyclooxygenase-2, and lipid peroxidation in the kidneys of I/R-induced AKI mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that quercetin polymeric nanoparticles possess therapeutic potential for the treatment of I/R-induced AKI in vivo.
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13
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Sen S. Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin alleviates hyperglycemia and glycation-induced iron-catalyzed oxidative reactions in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Liposome Res 2022; 32:376-385. [PMID: 35166624 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2022.2036756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a bioactive constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra has been reported to ameliorate diabetes. Here, the effects of liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin on STZ-induced diabetes and associated oxidative stress were investigated. Wistar rats were grouped as control (NC, received placebo), diabetic (DC, STZ-induced), diabetic treated with free glycyrrhizin (DTG, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml), empty liposomes (DTl, 3 i.v. doses), and liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin (DTbd, 3 i.v. doses, 1.6 mg/0.5 ml). Serum glucose, insulin, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and glycohemoglobin were estimated. Free iron and iron-mediated oxidative stress were examined. Histological examinations of the kidney and liver were performed. Liposomal-glycyrrhizin treatment caused significant improvement of hyperglycemia (DC vs. DTbd p < .05), glucose intolerance (DC vs. DTG p < .01 and DC vs. DTbd p < .05), insulin (DC vs. DTG p < .1, DTbd vs. DC p < .05 and DTbd vs. DTG p < .1) and glycohemoglobin (DC vs. DTG p < .1 and DC vs. DTbd p < .05) levels in the DTbd group. Alleviation of free iron release (DC vs. DTbd p < .05), lipid peroxidation (DC + H2O2 vs. DTbd + H2O2 p < .05), deoxyribose (DC + H2O2 vs. DTbd + H2O2, p < .05), and DNA degradation occurred in the DTbd group. The abnormalities of the kidney and liver were abolished in the DTbd group. The inhibitory effects were more pronounced compared to free glycyrrhizin. Liposome-encapsulated glycyrrhizin treatment caused inhibition of diabetic complications through its antioxidant effects and can be exploited for effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhrojit Sen
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, University College of Science, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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14
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Agarwal S, Singh V, Chauhan K. Antidiabetic potential of seaweed and their bioactive compounds: a review of developments in last decade. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:5739-5770. [PMID: 35048763 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a public health problem worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality rate associated with it. Diabetes can be managed by synthetic hypoglycemic drugs, although their persistent uses have several side effects. Hence, there is a paradigm shift toward the use of natural products having antidiabetic potential. Seaweeds, large marine benthic algae, are an affluent source of various bioactive compounds, including phytochemicals and antioxidants thus exhibiting various health promoting properties. Seaweed extracts and its bioactive compounds have antidiabetic potential as they inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in vitro and exhibit blood glucose lowering effect in random and post prandial blood glucose tests in vivo. In addition, they have been associated with reduced weight gain in animals probably by decreasing mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines with concomitant increase in mRNA expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Their beneficial effect has been seen in serum and hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes indicating the protective role of seaweeds against free radicals mediated oxidative stress induced hyperglycemia and associated hyperlipidemia. However, the detailed and in-depth studies of seaweeds as whole, their bioactive isolates and their extracts need to be explored further for their health benefits and wide application in food, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Agarwal
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipet, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Food Business Management and Entrepreneurship Development, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, India
| | - Komal Chauhan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipet, India
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15
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Pheomelanin Effect on UVB Radiation-Induced Oxidation/Nitration of l-Tyrosine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010267. [PMID: 35008693 PMCID: PMC8745751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheomelanin is a natural yellow-reddish sulfur-containing pigment derived from tyrosinase-catalyzed oxidation of tyrosine in presence of cysteine. Generally, the formation of melanin pigments is a protective response against the damaging effects of UV radiation in skin. However, pheomelanin, like other photosensitizing substances, can trigger, following exposure to UV radiation, photochemical reactions capable of modifying and damaging cellular components. The photoproperties of this natural pigment have been studied by analyzing pheomelanin effect on oxidation/nitration of tyrosine induced by UVB radiation at different pH values and in presence of iron ions. Photoproperties of pheomelanin can be modulated by various experimental conditions, ranging from the photoprotection to the triggering of potentially damaging photochemical reactions. The study of the photomodification of l-Tyrosine in the presence of the natural pigment pheomelanin has a special relevance, since this tyrosine oxidation/nitration pathway can potentially occur in vivo in tissues exposed to sunlight and play a role in the mechanisms of tissue damage induced by UV radiation.
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16
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Depienne S, Alvarez-Dorta D, Croyal M, Temgoua RCT, Charlier C, Deniaud D, Mével M, Boujtita M, Gouin SG. Luminol anchors improve the electrochemical-tyrosine-click labelling of proteins. Chem Sci 2021; 12:15374-15381. [PMID: 34976358 PMCID: PMC8635215 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04809k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New methods for chemo-selective modifications of peptides and native proteins are important in chemical biology and for the development of therapeutic conjugates. Less abundant and uncharged amino-acid residues are interesting targets to form less heterogeneous conjugates and preserve biological functions. Phenylurazole (PhUr), N-methylphenylurazole (NMePhUr) and N-methylluminol (NMeLum) derivatives were described as tyrosine (Y) anchors after chemical or enzymatic oxidations. Recently, we developed the first electrochemical Y-bioconjugation method coined eY-click to activate PhUr in biocompatible media. In this work, we assessed the limitations, benefits and relative efficiencies of eY-click conjugations performed with a set of PhUr, NMePhUr and NMeLum derivatives. Results evidenced a high efficiency of NMeLum that showed a complete Y-chemoselectivity on polypeptides and biologically relevant proteins after soft electrochemical activation. Side reactions on nucleophilic or heteroaromatic amino-acids such as lysine or tryptophan were never observed during mass spectrometry analysis. Myoglobine, bovine serum albumin, a plant mannosidase, glucose oxidase and the therapeutically relevant antibody trastuzumab were efficiently labelled with a fluorescent probe in a two-step approach combining eY-click and strain-promoted azide–alkyne cyclization (SPAAC). The proteins conserved their structural integrity as observed by circular dichroism and the trastuzumab conjugate showed a similar binding affinity for the natural HER2 ligand as shown by bio-layer interferometry. Compared to our previously described protocol with PhUr, eY-click with NMeLum species showed faster reaction kinetics, higher (complete) Y-chemoselectivity and reactivity, and offers the interesting possibility of the double tagging of solvent-exposed Y. We assessed the relative efficiencies of tyrosine anchors in the electrochemical conjugation of peptides and proteins. Luminol derivatives showed faster reaction kinetics, complete tyrosine-chemoselectivity, and possible double modification.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikael Croyal
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, L'institut du Thorax F-44000 Nantes France.,Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556 F-44000 Nantes France.,CRNH-Ouest Mass Spectrometry Core Facility F-44000 Nantes France
| | | | - Cathy Charlier
- IMPACT Platform, Interactions Moléculaires Puces ACTivités, UMR CNRS 6286 UFIP, Université de Nantes F-44000 Nantes France
| | - David Deniaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France
| | - Mathieu Mével
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230 F-44000 Nantes France .,INSERM UMR 1089, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes 44200 Nantes France
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17
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Degradation of dichloroacetic acid in a novel corona discharge reactor integrated with microbubbles generation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Audousset C, McGovern T, Martin JG. Role of Nrf2 in Disease: Novel Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches - Pulmonary Disease/Asthma. Front Physiol 2021; 12:727806. [PMID: 34658913 PMCID: PMC8511424 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.727806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a major transcription factor involved in redox homeostasis and in the response induced by oxidative injury. Nrf2 is present in an inactive state in the cytoplasm of cells. Its activation by internal or external stimuli, such as infections or pollution, leads to the transcription of more than 500 elements through its binding to the antioxidant response element. The lungs are particularly susceptible to factors that generate oxidative stress such as infections, allergens and hyperoxia. Nrf2 has a crucial protective role against these ROS. Oxidative stress and subsequent activation of Nrf2 have been demonstrated in many human respiratory diseases affecting the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or the pulmonary parenchyma such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and pulmonary fibrosis. Several compounds, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have been identified as Nrf2 inducers and enhance the activation of Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2-dependent genes. These inducers have proven particularly effective at reducing the severity of the oxidative stress-driven lung injury in various animal models. In humans, these compounds offer promise as potential therapeutic strategies for the management of respiratory pathologies associated with oxidative stress but there is thus far little evidence of efficacy through human trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the involvement of Nrf2 and its inducers in ARDS, COPD, asthma and lung fibrosis in both human and in experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Audousset
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Toby McGovern
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Intramuscular Boosting with hIFN-Alpha 2b Enhances BCGphipps-Induced Protection in a Murine Model of Leprosy. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres12030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immunity to Mycobacterium leprae encompasses a spectrum of mechanisms that range from cellular immunity-driven protection to damage associated with humoral immunity as in type-2 leprosy reactions. Although type I interferons (IFNs) participate in eliminating intracellular pathogens, their contribution to the production of antibodies and CD3+ FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in BCG vaccine-mediated protection in leprosy is unknown. BCGphipps (BCGph) priming followed by intramuscular hIFN-α 2b boost significantly reduced lesion size and Mycobacterium lepraemurium growth in the skin. T follicular regulatory cells (TFR), a subset of Tregs induced by immunization or infection, reside in the germinal centers (GCs) and modulate antibody production. We found impaired Treg induction and improved GCs in draining lymph nodes of BCGph primed and hIFN-α 2b boosted mice. Moreover, these mice elicited significant amounts of IL-4 and IL-10 in serum. Thus, our results support the adjuvant properties of hIFN-α 2b in the context of BCGph priming to enhance protective immunity against skin leprosy.
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Tirri M, Frisoni P, Bilel S, Arfè R, Trapella C, Fantinati A, Corli G, Marchetti B, De-Giorgio F, Camuto C, Mazzarino M, Gaudio RM, Serpelloni G, Schifano F, Botrè F, Marti M. Worsening of the Toxic Effects of (±) Cis-4,4'-DMAR Following Its Co-Administration with (±) Trans-4,4'-DMAR: Neuro-Behavioural, Physiological, Immunohistochemical and Metabolic Studies in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168771. [PMID: 34445476 PMCID: PMC8395767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
4,4’-Dimethylaminorex (4,4’-DMAR) is a new synthetic stimulant, and only a little information has been made available so far regarding its pharmaco-toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the systemic administration of both the single (±)cis (0.1–60 mg/kg) and (±)trans (30 and 60 mg/kg) stereoisomers and their co-administration (e.g., (±)cis at 1, 10 or 60 mg/kg + (±)trans at 30 mg/kg) in mice. Moreover, we investigated the effect of 4,4′-DMAR on the expression of markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress (8-OHdG, iNOS, NT and NOX2), apoptosis (Smac/DIABLO and NF-κB), and heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70, HSP90) in the cerebral cortex. Our study demonstrated that the (±)cis stereoisomer dose-dependently induced psychomotor agitation, sweating, salivation, hyperthermia, stimulated aggression, convulsions and death. Conversely, the (±)trans stereoisomer was ineffective whilst the stereoisomers’ co-administration resulted in a worsening of the toxic (±)cis stereoisomer effects. This trend of responses was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis on the cortex. Finally, we investigated the potentially toxic effects of stereoisomer co-administration by studying urinary excretion. The excretion study showed that the (±)trans stereoisomer reduced the metabolism of the (±)cis form and increased its amount in the urine, possibly reflecting its increased plasma levels and, therefore, the worsening of its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Tirri
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Sabrine Bilel
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Raffaella Arfè
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Claudio Trapella
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Anna Fantinati
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.T.); (A.F.)
| | - Giorgia Corli
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Beatrice Marchetti
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Fabio De-Giorgio
- Department of Health Care Surveillance and Bioetics, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristian Camuto
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Monica Mazzarino
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Rosa Maria Gaudio
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Serpelloni
- Neuroscience Clinical Center & TMS Unit, 37138 Verona, Italy;
- Department of Psychiatry in the College of Medicine, Drug Policy Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fabrizio Schifano
- Psychopharmacology, Drug Misuse and Novel Psychoactive Substances Research Unit, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
| | - Francesco Botrè
- Laboratorio Antidoping FMSI, Largo Giulio Onesti 1, 00197 Rome, Italy; (C.C.); (M.M.); (F.B.)
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Lausanne (ISSUL), Synathlon, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Marti
- LTTA Center and University Center of Gender Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Legal Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.T.); (S.B.); (R.A.); (G.C.); (B.M.); (R.M.G.)
- Collaborative Center for the Italian National Early Warning System, Department of Anti-Drug Policies, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, 00186 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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PPARα agonist WY-14,643 induces adipose atrophy and fails to blunt chronic ethanol-induced hepatic fat accumulation in mice lacking adipose FGFR1. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 192:114678. [PMID: 34265279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is mainly regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) in liver. The PPARα-FGF21 axis protects against alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). FGF21 exerts its effect via FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1). However, liver specific FGFR1 abrogation had no effect on ALD. Adipose tissues highly express FGFR1. When adipocyte specific FGFR1 knockout (fgfr1adipoQ-cre) mice and corresponding normal control (fgfr1fl/fl) mice were fed with Lieber-DeCarli ethanol liquid diet for 3 weeks, liver triglyceride (TG) accumulation was increased in the fgfr1fl/fl mice to a greater extent than in the fgfr1adipoQ-cre mice. When PPARα agonist WY-14,643 was added in the liquid ethanol diet at 10 mg/L, the ethanol-induced liver TG accumulation was blunted in the fgfr1fl/fl mice but not in the fgfr1adipoQ-cre mice. There was no significant difference in WY-14,643-induced fatty acid oxidation, ethanol metabolism, and oxidative stress between the fgfr1fl/fl and fgfr1adipoQ-cre mice. Interestingly, adipose atrophy was induced by WY-14,643 in the fgfr1adipoQ-cre mice but not in the fgfr1fl/fl mice. Serum free fatty acid was also decreased by WY-14,643 in the fgfr1adipoQ-cre mice but not in the fgfr1fl/fl mice. These results suggest that WY-14,643 inhibits alcoholic fatty liver and regulates adipose tissue mass and fat mobilization from adipose tissues to liver in an adipocyte FGFR1-dependent manner.
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Chen HJC, Liao KC, Tu CW. Quantitation of Nitration, Chlorination, and Oxidation in Hemoglobin of Breast Cancer Patients by Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1664-1671. [PMID: 33909420 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cells are continually exposed to endogenous reactive oxygen, nitrogen, and halogen species, causing damage to biomolecules. Among them, peroxynitrite and hypochlorous acid are not only oxidants but also biological nitrating and chlorinating agents, leading to the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine and 3-chlorotyrosine, respectively, in proteins. 3-Nitrotyrosine has been detected in vivo under several pathophysiological conditions, including breast cancer. Studies show that the concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma proteins and platelets were significantly elevated in breast cancer patients. Compared to blood serum albumin, hemoglobin adducts represent biomonitoring of exposure with a longer lifetime. In this study, human hemoglobin was freshly isolated from blood and digested into peptides with trypsin, and the levels of protein adducts, including nitration, nitrosylation, and chlorination of tyrosine as well as oxidation of methionine residues, were simultaneously quantified by nanoflow liquid chromatography nanoelectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS) with selected reaction monitoring. The results demonstrated that the relative extents of nitration at α-Tyr-42 and β-Tyr-130, nitrosylation at α-Tyr-24, and chlorination at α-Tyr-24 and β-Tyr-130 are significantly higher in globin of 25 breast cancer patients compared to those in 25 healthy subjects (p < 0.05). In particular, nitration at α-Tyr-42 and chlorination at α-Tyr-24 showed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of >0.8. While the age of the subjects is correlated with the extents of some of these adducts, the body mass index does not have an effect on any of them. Starting with 1 drop of blood, our results indicated that this highly sensitive and specific nanoLC-NSI/MS/MS is useful in investigating the role of reactive nitrogen oxide species and reactive chlorine species in the etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chiayi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ching Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Hsiung, Chiayi 62142, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Tu
- Department of Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, 539 Zhongxiao Road, East Dist., Chiayi 60002, Taiwan
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Demicheli V, Tomasina F, Sastre S, Zeida A, Tórtora V, Lima A, Batthyány C, Radi R. Cardiolipin interactions with cytochrome c increase tyrosine nitration yields and site-specificity. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 703:108824. [PMID: 33675813 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between cytochrome c and cardiolipin is a relevant process in the mitochondrial redox homeostasis, playing roles in the mechanism of electron transfer to cytochrome c oxidase and also modulating cytochrome c conformation, reactivity and function. Peroxynitrite is a widespread nitrating agent formed in mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions, and can result in the formation of tyrosine nitrated cytochrome c. Some of the nitro-cytochrome c species undergo conformational changes at physiological pH and increase its peroxidase activity. In this work we evaluated the influence of cardiolipin on peroxynitrite-mediated cytochrome c nitration yields and site-specificity. Our results show that cardiolipin enhances cytochrome c nitration by peroxynitrite and targets it to heme-adjacent Tyr67. Cytochrome c nitration also modifies the affinity of protein with cardiolipin. Using a combination of experimental techniques and computer modeling, it is concluded that structural modifications in the Tyr67 region are responsible for the observed changes in protein-derived radical and tyrosine nitration levels, distribution of nitrated proteoforms and affinity to cardiolipin. Increased nitration of cytochrome c in presence of cardiolipin within mitochondria and the gain of peroxidatic activity could then impact events such as the onset of apoptosis and other processes related to the disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Demicheli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Florencia Tomasina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santiago Sastre
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ari Zeida
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Verónica Tórtora
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Analía Lima
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Batthyány
- Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rafael Radi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Insulin-Mimetic Dihydroxanthyletin-Type Coumarins from Angelica decursiva with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and Docking Studies of Their Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020292. [PMID: 33672051 PMCID: PMC7919472 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional medicine, Angelica decursiva has been used for the treatment of many diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of four natural major dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins—(+)-trans-decursidinol, Pd-C-I, Pd-C-II, and Pd-C-III—to inhibit the enzymes, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. In the kinetic study of the PTP1B enzyme’s inhibition, we found that (+)-trans-decursidinol, Pd-C-I, and Pd-C-II led to competitive inhibition, while Pd-C-III displayed mixed-type inhibition. Moreover, (+)-trans-decursidinol exhibited competitive-type, and Pd-C-I and Pd-C-II mixed-type, while Pd-C-III showed non-competitive type inhibition of α-glucosidase. Docking simulations of these coumarins showed negative binding energies and a similar proximity to residues in the PTP1B and α-glucosidase binding pocket, which means they are closely connected and strongly binding with the active enzyme site. In addition, dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins are up to 40 µM non-toxic in HepG2 cells and have substantially increased glucose uptake and decreased expression of PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Further, coumarins inhibited ONOO−-mediated albumin nitration and scavenged peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our overall findings showed that dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins derived from A. decursiva is used as a dual inhibitor for enzymes, such as PTP1B and α-glucosidase, as well as for insulin susceptibility.
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Isolation and Characterization of Compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis as Therapeutic Agents for the Muscle Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020876. [PMID: 33467209 PMCID: PMC7830955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the most abundant tissue and constitutes about 40% of total body mass. Herein, we report that crude water extract (CWE) of G. uralensis enhanced myoblast proliferation and differentiation. Pretreatment of mice with the CWE of G. uralensis prior to cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury was found to enhance muscle regeneration by inducing myogenic gene expression and downregulating myostatin expression. Furthermore, this extract reduced nitrotyrosine protein levels and atrophy-related gene expression. Of the five different fractions of the CWE of G. uralensis obtained, the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction more significantly enhanced myoblast proliferation and differentiation than the other fractions. Ten bioactive compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction and characterized by GC-MS and NMR. Of these compounds (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, liquiritigenin, (R)-(-)-vestitol, isoliquiritigenin, medicarpin, tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone, licochalcone B, liquiritin, liquiritinapioside, and ononin), liquiritigenin, tetrahydroxymethoxychalcone, and licochalcone B were found to enhance myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and myofiber diameters in injured muscles were wider with the liquiritigenin than the non-treated one. Computational analysis showed these compounds are non-toxic and possess good drug-likeness properties. These findings suggest that G. uralensis-extracted components might be useful therapeutic agents for the management of muscle-associated diseases.
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Shear Stress and RBC-NOS Serine1177 Phosphorylation in Humans: A Dose Response. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11010036. [PMID: 33429979 PMCID: PMC7828091 DOI: 10.3390/life11010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) express a nitric oxide synthase isoform (RBC-NOS) that appears dependent on shear stress for Serine1177 phosphorylation. Whether this protein is equally activated by varied shears in the physiological range is less described. Here, we explored RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation in response to shear stress levels reflective of in vivo conditions. Whole blood samples were exposed to specific magnitudes of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 4.5, 13.5 Pa) for discrete exposure times (1, 10, 30 min). Thereafter, RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was measured utilising immunofluorescence labelling. Shear stress exposure at 0.5, 1.5, and 13.5 Pa significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation following 1 min (p < 0.0001); exposure to 4.5 Pa had no effect after 1 min. RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation was significantly increased following 10 min at each magnitude of shear stress (0.5, 1.5, 13.5 Pa, p < 0.0001; 4.5 Pa, p = 0.0042). Shear stress exposure for 30 min significantly increased RBC-NOS Serine1177 phosphorylation at 0.5 Pa and 13.5 Pa (p < 0.0001). We found that RBC-NOS phosphorylation via shear stress is non-linear and differs for a given magnitude and duration of exposure. This study provides a new understanding of the discrete relation between RBC-NOS and shear stress.
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Estimation of Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Derivative-In Horses with Intestinal Colic by ESR Spectroscopy. Vet Sci 2020; 7:vetsci7040191. [PMID: 33260335 PMCID: PMC7712281 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci7040191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract of horses are caused by many factors and have a complex pathogenesis. Developing effective methods of differential diagnostics is of high fundamental and applied importance. The pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive tract of horses accompanied by the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, can be associated with a lack of the nitrogen monoxide which controls many signaling pathways in the body. The level of the nitric oxide (NO) is involved in the regulation of the immune and nervous systems, the tone of all the blood vessels, and the courses of many pathological processes. The nitric oxide activates guanylate cyclase (sGC) and leads to vascular relaxation. The aim of this investigation was to study the metabolites of nitric oxide in horses suffered from intestinal diseases. The levels of nitric oxide in the blood serum of horses depending on their age and health state was studied. The concentration of nitrites in the blood serum of horses aged 6–25 years was 3.4 ± 4.2 μM, and in the young horses (1–5 years) the level of this indicator was 8.2 ± 5.4 μM. A sharp decrease in nitrite was observed in all the horses with intestinal diseases of 2 ± 0.9 μM, especially with tympanitic caecun of 0.6 ± 0.4 μM and with spasmodic colic of 1.8 ± 0.5 μM. The level of nitrosylhemoglobin HbNO in the blood of the diseased animals was higher than that in clinically healthy horses, regardless of age.
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Samuni A, Goldstein S. Hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration: The role of their respective nitroxide radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:837-844. [PMID: 32866620 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In vivo, nitroxide antioxidants distribute within minutes throughout all tissues, but are reduced to their respective hydroxylamines due to the cellular reducing environment, which apparently limits their application. To distinguish their antioxidative activity from that of their respective nitroxides, the kinetics and mechanism of their inhibitory effect on the enzymatic oxidation and nitration of tyrosine have been studied. The inhibitory effect of the hydroxylamines on the oxidation and nitration of tyrosine induced by HRP/H2O2 and HRP/H2O2/nitrite was investigated by following the kinetics of the formation of their respective nitroxides, H2O2 decomposition, release of O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. The distinction between the antioxidative activities of nitroxides and of their respective hydroxylamines is hindered due to oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides, which catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The results demonstrate that (i) hydroxylamines inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration and their inhibitory effect increases as the reduction potential of their respective nitroxides decreases; (ii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than the 5-membered hydroxylamine derived from 3-carbamoyl proxyl and (iii) the 6-membered ring hydroxylamines are as effective antioxidants as their respective nitroxides, whereas the 3-carbamoyl proxyl is even a weaker antioxidant than its respective hydroxylamine. In general, cyclic hydroxylamines are more effective antioxidants than common antioxidants such as ascorbic and uric acids, which are depleted giving rise to secondary radicals that, might be toxic. In the case of hydroxylamines, the secondary radicals are their respective nitroxides, which are efficient catalytic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada, Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel.
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Detecting Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Disease Models and Patients. Methods Protoc 2020; 3:mps3040066. [PMID: 32987935 PMCID: PMC7712543 DOI: 10.3390/mps3040066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is prominent in many neurodegenerative diseases. Along with mitochondrial dysfunction and pathological protein aggregation, increased levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, together with impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms, are frequently observed in Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The presence of oxidative stress markers in patients' plasma and cerebrospinal fluid may aid early disease diagnoses, as well as provide clues regarding the efficacy of experimental disease-modifying therapies in clinical trials. In preclinical animal models, the detection and localization of oxidatively damaged lipids, proteins and nucleic acids helps to identify most vulnerable neuronal populations and brain areas, and elucidate the molecular pathways and the timeline of pathology progression. Here, we describe the protocol for the detection of oxidative stress markers using immunohistochemistry on formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, applicable to the analysis of postmortem samples and tissues from animal models. In addition, we provide a simple method for the detection of malondialdehyde in tissue lysates and body fluids, which is useful for screening and the identification of tissues and structures in the nervous system which are most affected by oxidative stress.
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Serezhenkov VA, Tkachev NA, Artyushina ZS, Kuznetsova MI, Kovac M, Vanin AF. Reduced Nitric Oxide Bioavailability in Horses with Colic: Evaluation by ESR Spectroscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920050176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Nag TC, Kathpalia P, Wadhwa S. Microtubule alterations may destabilize photoreceptor integrity: Age-related microtubule changes and pattern of expression of MAP-2, Tau and hyperphosphorylated Tau in aging human photoreceptor cells. Exp Eye Res 2020; 198:108153. [PMID: 32710889 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photoreceptor cells undergo changes with aging. It is unknown if their microtubules are stable or not with aging. This study examined photoreceptor cell ultrastructure from 18 human donor retinas (32 eyes; age: 45-94 years) and quantified the photoreceptors with altered microtubules over six to ninth decades in four defined retinal regions. In addition, immunoreactivity (IR) to microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2), tau and hyperphophorylated tau was performed in retinal sections from companion eyes. In young donor retinas below 75 years of age, microtubules appeared straight in photoreceptor inner segments and axons. With age, they appeared bent or misaligned in macular and mid-peripheral photoreceptors. In addition, dense granular materials were present in photoreceptor axons and synaptic terminals in advanced ages. In all decades, rod microtubules were affected more than their cone counterparts (28% vs 15%, p < 0.005). Both rods and cones were significantly affected in mid-peripheral retina (5-8 mm outside the macular border) in eighth decade, compared to other decades or retinal regions (parafoveal, perifoveal and nasal) examined (p < 0.005). IR showed a steady expression of MAP-2 in inner segments, and tau in inner segments to axons below 75 years of age, but was absent for both markers in scattered macular and mid-peripheral photoreceptors in advanced ages (>75 years). IR to hyperphosphorylated tau was present mainly in inner retina and increased with aging. Markers of oxidative stress, e.g., lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal) and nitrosative stress (nitrotyrosine) were immunopositive in aged photoreceptors. The sporadic loss of MAP-2 and tau-IR in photoreceptors may be due to microtubule changes; all these changes may affect intracellular transport and be partly responsible for photoreceptor death in aged human retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shashi Wadhwa
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Zhou G, Hu RK, Xia GC, Yan SH, Ren QL, Zhao J, Wang FH, Huang CC, Yao Q, Tan Y, Zhao NW. Tyrosine nitrations impaired intracellular trafficking of FSHR to the cell surface and FSH-induced Akt-FoxO3a signaling in human granulosa cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3094-3116. [PMID: 31097679 PMCID: PMC6555443 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many infertile women suffered from poor ovarian response, and increased reactive oxygen species with age might mediate the poor ovarian response to FSH. In this study, we collected follicular fluids and isolated granulosa cells from female patients. Increased levels of peroxynitrite, tyrosine nitrations of FSH receptor (FSHR) and apoptosis were obviously detectable with decreased FSHR protein expressions in granulosa cells of the poor ovarian responders. In KGN (a human ovarian granulosa cell line) cells, exogenous peroxynitrite could sequester FSHR in the cytoplasm, and these dislocated FSHR might suffer from proteasome-mediated degradations. Here, we identified four peroxynitrite-mediated nitrated tyrosine residues of FSHR. Site-directed mutagenesis of FSHR revealed that Y626 was pivotal for intracellular trafficking of FSHR to the cell surface. Akt-induced inactivation of FoxO3a was required for the repression of FSH on granulosa cell apoptosis. However, peroxynitrite impaired FSH-induced Akt-FoxO3a signaling, while FSHR-Y626A mutant took similar effects. In addition, FoxO3a knockdown indeed impaired FSH-mediated cell survival, while FoxO3a-S253A mutant reversed that significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong-Kui Hu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Gui-Cheng Xia
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Hai Yan
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing-Ling Ren
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Hong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Qi Yao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning-Wei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Shimadzu Biomedical Research Laboratory, Shanghai, China
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Bailey ZS, Nilson E, Bates JA, Oyalowo A, Hockey KS, Sajja VSSS, Thorpe C, Rogers H, Dunn B, Frey AS, Billings MJ, Sholar CA, Hermundstad A, Kumar C, VandeVord PJ, Rzigalinski BA. Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Outcome after In Vitro and In Vivo Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1452-1462. [PMID: 27733104 PMCID: PMC7249477 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury results in aberrant free radical generation, which is associated with oxidative stress, secondary injury signaling cascades, mitochondrial dysfunction, and poor functional outcome. Pharmacological targeting of free radicals with antioxidants has been examined as an approach to treatment, but has met with limited success in clinical trials. Conventional antioxidants that are currently available scavenge a single free radical before they are destroyed in the process. Here, we report for the first time that a novel regenerative cerium oxide nanoparticle antioxidant reduces neuronal death and calcium dysregulation after in vitro trauma. Further, using an in vivo model of mild lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat, we report that cerium oxide nanoparticles also preserve endogenous antioxidant systems, decrease macromolecular free radical damage, and improve cognitive function. Taken together, our results demonstrate that cerium oxide nanoparticles are a novel nanopharmaceutical with potential for mitigating neuropathological effects of mild traumatic brain injury and modifying the course of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S. Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Eric Nilson
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - John A. Bates
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Adewole Oyalowo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hockey
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Chevon Thorpe
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Heidi Rogers
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Bryce Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Aaron S. Frey
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Marc J. Billings
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Christopher A. Sholar
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Amy Hermundstad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Challa Kumar
- Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis, Rowland Institute of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pamela J. VandeVord
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Beverly A. Rzigalinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Structure-Dependent Effects of Bisphosphonates on Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Calvaria. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060503. [PMID: 32526922 PMCID: PMC7346192 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are classified into two groups, according to their side chain structures, as nitrogen-containing BPs (NBPs) and non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-NBPs). In this study, we examined the effects of NBPs and non-NBPs on inflammatory responses, by quantifying the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria. All examined NBPs (pamidronate, alendronate, incadronate, risedronate, zoledronate) stimulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 and NO production by upregulating COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression, whereas non-NBPs (etidronate, clodronate, tiludronate) suppressed PGE2 and NO production, by downregulating gene expression. Additionally, [4-(methylthio) phenylthio] methane bisphosphonate (MPMBP), a novel non-NBP with an antioxidant methylthio phenylthio group in its side chain, exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity among non-NBPs. Furthermore, results of immunohistochemistry showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and tyrosine nitration of cytoplasmic protein were stimulated by zoledronate, while MPMBP inhibited these phenomena, by acting as a superoxide anion (O2−) scavenger. These findings indicate that MPMBP can act as an efficacious agent that causes fewer adverse effects in patients with inflammatory bone diseases, including periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Nitrosative Stress Is Associated with Dopaminergic Dysfunction in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 189:1375-1385. [PMID: 31230667 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in antiretroviral therapy have resulted in significantly decreased HIV-related mortality. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, however, continue to be a major problem in infected patients. The neuropathology underlying HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders has not been well characterized, and evidence suggests different contributing mechanisms. One potential mechanism is the induction of oxidative stress. Using the HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rat model of HIV, we found increased striatal NADPH oxidase-4 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the adult (7- to 9-month-old) Tg rat compared with control rats but not in the young (1-month-old) Tg rats. This was accompanied by increased 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) immunostaining in the adult Tg rats, which worsened significantly in the old Tg rats (18 to 20 months old). There was, however, no concurrent induction of the antioxidant systems because there was no change in the expression of the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and its downstream targets (thioredoxin and glutathione antioxidant systems). Colocalization of 3-NT staining with neurofilament proteins and evidence of decreased tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression in the old rats support dopaminergic involvement. We conclude that the HIV-1 Tg rat brain shows evidence of nitrosative stress without appropriate oxidation-reduction adaptation, whereas 3-NT modification of striatal neurofilament proteins likely points to the ensuing dopaminergic neuronal loss and dysfunction in the aging HIV-1 Tg rat.
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Rodríguez‐González GL, Reyes‐Castro LA, Bautista CJ, Beltrán AA, Ibáñez CA, Vega CC, Lomas‐Soria C, Castro‐Rodríguez DC, Elías‐López AL, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Maternal obesity accelerates rat offspring metabolic ageing in a sex‐dependent manner. J Physiol 2019; 597:5549-5563. [DOI: 10.1113/jp278232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luis A. Reyes‐Castro
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Claudia J. Bautista
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Azucena A. Beltrán
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Ibáñez
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Claudia C. Vega
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Consuelo Lomas‐Soria
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
- CONACyT‐Cátedras, Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | - Diana C. Castro‐Rodríguez
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
- CONACyT‐Cátedras, Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
| | | | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Wyoming Center for Pregnancy and Life Course Health ResearchDepartment of Animal ScienceUniversity Wyoming Laramie WY USA
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive BiologyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Mexico City Mexico
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Bezner BJ, Ryan LS, Lippert AR. Reaction-Based Luminescent Probes for Reactive Sulfur, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Species: Analytical Techniques and Recent Progress. Anal Chem 2019; 92:309-326. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhang X, Liu XD, Xian YF, Zhang F, Huang PY, Tang Y, Yuan QJ, Lin ZX. Berberine enhances survival and axonal regeneration of motoneurons following spinal root avulsion and re-implantation in rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 143:454-470. [PMID: 31472247 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Brachial plexus avulsion (BPA) occurs when the spinal nerve roots are pulled away from the surface of the spinal cord and disconnects neuronal cell body from its distal downstream axon, which induces massive motoneuron death, motor axon degeneration and de-innervation of targeted muscles, thereby resulting in permanent paralysis of motor functions in the upper limb. Avulsion injury triggers oxidative stress and intense local neuroinflammation at the lesioned site, leading to the death of most motoneurons. Berberine (BBR), a natural isoquinoline alkaloid derived from medicinal herbs of Berberis and Coptis species, has been reported to possess neuro-protective, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects in various animal models of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of BBR on motoneuron survival and axonal regeneration following spinal root avulsion plus re-implantation in rats. Our results indicated BBR significantly accelerated motor function recovery in the forelimb as revealed by the increased Terzis grooming test score, facilitated motor axon regeneration as evidenced by the elevated number of Fluoro-Gold-labeled and P75-positive regenerative motoneurons. The survival of motoneurons was notably promoted by BBR administration presented with boosted ChAT-immunopositive and neutral red-stained neurons. BBR treatment efficiently alleviated muscle atrophy, attenuated functional motor endplates loss in biceps and prevented the reduction of motor axons in the musculocutaneous nerve. Additionally, BBR treatment markedly mitigated the avulsion-induced neuroinflammation via inhibiting microglial and astroglial reactivity, up-regulated the expression of antioxidative indicator Cu/Zn SOD, and down-regulated the levels of nNOS, 3-NT, lipid peroxidation and NF-κB, as well as promoted SIRT1, PI3K and Akt activation. Collectively, BBR might be a promising therapy to assist re-implantation surgery for the treatment of BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Peng-Yun Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Ying Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Qiu-Ju Yuan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Brain Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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Immune Effects of the Nitrated Food Allergen Beta-Lactoglobulin in an Experimental Food Allergy Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102463. [PMID: 31618852 PMCID: PMC6835712 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food proteins may get nitrated by various exogenous or endogenous mechanisms. As individuals might get recurrently exposed to nitrated proteins via daily diet, we aimed to investigate the effect of repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins on the subsequent immune response in non-allergic and allergic mice using the milk allergen beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) as model food protein in a mouse model. Evaluating the presence of nitrated proteins in food, we could detect 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) in extracts of different foods and in stomach content extracts of non-allergic mice under physiological conditions. Chemically nitrated BLG (BLGn) exhibited enhanced susceptibility to degradation in simulated gastric fluid experiments compared to untreated BLG (BLGu). Gavage of BLGn to non-allergic animals increased interferon-γ and interleukin-10 release of stimulated spleen cells and led to the formation of BLG-specific serum IgA. Allergic mice receiving three oral gavages of BLGn had higher levels of mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1) compared to allergic mice receiving BLGu. Regardless of the preceding immune status, non-allergic or allergic, repeatedly ingested nitrated food proteins seem to considerably influence the subsequent immune response.
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Hu J, Zhang J, Zhu B. Protective effect of metformin on a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced preeclampsia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:649-658. [PMID: 31334867 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent in vitro and clinical studies have found that metformin (MET) may play a preventive or therapeutic role in preeclampsia (PE) and may be a candidate drug for the prevention and/or treatment of PE. In this study, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a PE-like rat model and investigated the intervention effect of MET from the perspectives of clinical manifestations, placental morphology, serum marker for placental injury, systemic inflammatory response and oxidative/nitrative stress, and placental nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. The results showed that MET improved LPS-induced hypertension, proteinuria, fetal growth restriction (FGR) and stillbirth, alleviated placental injury and decreased maternal serum marker alpha-fetoprotein (MS-AFP) level; MET suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 productions, reduced oxidative/nitrative stress as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO); MET inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation in placentas. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that MET is beneficial to the PE-like rat model by protecting placentas from injury, suppressing systemic inflammatory response and oxidative/nitrative stress, and inhibiting placental NF-κB signaling pathway. MET is a promising drug for prevention and/or treatment of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Hu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.,Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinman Zhang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.,National Health Commission's Key Laboratory for Healthy Births in Western China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Baosheng Zhu
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.,National Health Commission's Key Laboratory for Healthy Births in Western China, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650032, China
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Maimon E, Samuni A, Goldstein S. Mechanistic insight into the catalytic inhibition by nitroxides of tyrosine oxidation and nitration. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:129403. [PMID: 31356821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroxide antioxidants (RNO•) protect from injuries associated with oxidative stress. Tyrosine residues in proteins are major targets for oxidizing species giving rise to irreversible cross-linking and protein nitration, but the mechanisms underlying the protective activity of RNO• on these processes are not sufficiently clear. METHODS Tyrosine oxidation by the oxoammonium cation (RN+=O) was studied by following the kinetics of RNO• formation using EPR spectroscopy. Tyrosine oxidation and nitration were investigated using the peroxidase/H2O2 system without and with nitrite. The inhibitory effect of RNO• on these processes was studied by following the kinetics of the evolved O2 and accumulation of tyrosine oxidation and nitration products. RESULTS Tyrosine ion is readily oxidized by RN+=O, and the equilibrium constant of this reaction depends on RNO• structure and reduction potential. RNO• catalytically inhibits tyrosine oxidation and nitration since it scavenges both tyrosyl and •NO2 radicals while recycling through RN+=O reduction by H2O2, tyrosine and nitrite. The inhibitory effect of nitroxide on tyrosine oxidation and nitration increases as its reduction potential decreases where the 6-membered ring nitroxides are better catalysts than the 5-membered ones. CONCLUSIONS Nitroxides catalytically inhibit tyrosine oxidation and nitration. The proposed reaction mechanism adequately fits the results explaining the dependence of the nitroxide inhibitory effect on its reduction potential and on the concentrations of the reducing species present in the system. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Nitroxides protect against both oxidative and nitrative damage. The proposed reaction mechanism further emphasizes the role of the reducing environment to the efficacy of these catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Maimon
- Nuclear Research Centre Negev and Chemistry Department, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amram Samuni
- Institute of Medical Research, Israel-Canada Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Sara Goldstein
- Institute of Chemistry, The Accelerator Laboratory, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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Nag TC, Maurya M, Roy TS. Age-related changes of the human retinal vessels: Possible involvement of lipid peroxidation. Ann Anat 2019; 226:35-47. [PMID: 31330304 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging of the human retina is accompanied by oxidative stress that exerts profound changes in the retinal neurons. It is unknown if oxidative stress influences the cellular components of the retinal vessels in some ways. METHODS We examined changes in retinal vessels in human donor eyes (age: 35-94 years; N=18) by light and transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry for biomarkers of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC; actin), oxidative stress (4-hydroxy 2-nonenal [HNE] and nitrotyrosine), microglia (Iba-1) and vessels (isolectin B4). RESULTS The earliest changes in the endothelium and pericytes of capillaries are apparent from the seventh decade. With aging, there is clear loss of organelles and cytoplasmic filaments, and a progressive thickening of the endothelial and pericyte basal lamina. Loss of filaments, accumulation of lipofuscin and autophagic vacuoles are significant events in aging pericytes and SMC. Actin immunolabelling reveals discontinuity in arterial SMC layers during eighth decade, indicating partial degeneration of SMC. This is followed by hyalinization, with degeneration of the endothelium and SMC in arteries and arterioles of the nerve fibre layer (NFL) and ganglion cell layer in ninth decade. Iba-1 positive microglia were in close contact with the damaged vessels in inner retina, and their cytoplasm was rich in lysosomes. HNE immunoreactivity, but not of nitrotyrosine, was detected in aged vessels from seventh decade onwards, suggesting that lipid peroxidation is a major problem of aged vessels. However, TUNEL positivity seen during this period was limited to few arteries and venules of NFL. CONCLUSION This study shows prominent age-related alterations of the pericytes and SMC of retinal vessels. These changes may limit the energy supply to the neurons and be responsible for age-related loss of neurons of the inner retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Meenakshi Maurya
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Tara Sankar Roy
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Effects of the Dietary Inclusion of Partially Defatted Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) Meal on the Blood Chemistry and Tissue (Spleen, Liver, Thymus, and Bursa of Fabricius) Histology of Muscovy Ducks ( Cairina moschata domestica). Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9060307. [PMID: 31159282 PMCID: PMC6617073 DOI: 10.3390/ani9060307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Insects represent a promising feed ingredient for poultry diets, as an alternative to conventional feedstuffs. Black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae are processed to obtain two main products: the protein and fat fractions. The possible utilization of BSF defatted meal in Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) diets has been poorly investigated. However, its effect on in vivo and post-mortem traits, which are extremely important for animal welfare, has not yet been investigated. Therefore, the present study has evaluated the effect of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% dietary BSF meal replacement on the in vivo haematological parameters and on the post-mortem organ traits. Overall, the obtained results are encouraging as increasing dietary BSF meal did not impair the growth performance or the haematological traits. Furthermore, both the liver and renal function were unaffected or even improved. The antioxidant picture appeared improved and the histological traits were not influenced by the dietary inclusion of BSF meal. From a productive and biological point of view, the dietary replacement up to 9% of BSF meal in Muscovy duck diet is feasible and BSF meal could represent a promising feed ingredient. Abstract The present study has evaluated the effects of dietary partially-defatted black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens L.) larva meal on the blood parameters, antioxidant status, and histological features of the organs of broiler ducks. A total of 192 female 3-days of age Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata domestica) were divided into four dietary treatments (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% BSF meal inclusion; 6 pens/treatment, 8 birds/pen). A total of 12 ducks/treatment (2 birds/pen) were slaughtered at 51 days of age and blood samples were collected to evaluate the haematological traits, serum protein, lipid and minerals, liver and renal function serum enzymes, plasma oxidative enzymes, and metabolites. Liver, spleen, thymus, and bursa of Fabricius samples were submitted to histopathological investigations. Between the serum and plasma traits, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, magnesium, malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine showed a linear decrease for increasing amounts of dietary BSF meal (p <0.01); in contrast, the serum iron concentration showed a linear increase (p <0.01). Moreover, the histopathological findings were not significantly affected by the dietary BSF larva meal inclusion. The results showed that the inclusion of up to 9% BSF larva meal represents a promising feed ingredient for Muscovy duck nutrition, and improved blood traits were observed.
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Calderón-Torres CM, Sarabia-Curz L, Ledesma-Soto Y, Murguía-Romero M, Terrazas LI. Denitrase activity of Debaryomyces hansenii reduces the oxidized compound 3-nitrotyrosine in mice liver with colitis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:3748-3754. [PMID: 31007730 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of tyrosine to 3-nitrotyrosine is irreversible, and due to this characteristic, 3-nitrotyrosine is used as a marker for oxidative stress in a range of diverse chronic and degenerative diseases. It has been established that the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii (D. hansenii) can assimilate free 3-nitrotyrosine as unique source of nitrogen, and during saline stress, has a high denitrase activity to detoxify this compound in a reaction that involves the liberation of nitrogen dioxide from 3-nitrotyrosine. However, until now it has not been determined whether D. hansenii can detoxify protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine such as nitrated proteins present in different chronic illnesses. TThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the denitrase activity of D. hansenii to reduce 3-nitrotyrosine from liver proteins of mice with colitis. Firstly, the levels of reactive oxygen species of liver tissue of colitic and control mice were measured by the reaction with the 2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate. Denitrase activity of D. hansenii was evaluated by incubating cell extracts of the yeast with protein extracts from livers of mice with colitis. Following incubation, 3-nitrotyrosine was measured, and to corroborate that denitrase reaction had occurred, the production of nitrites was measured. In samples of liver tissue from mice with colitis, the maximum levels of reactive oxygen species were up to two times higher compared with the control livers. Following the incubation of colitic liver samples with cell extracts of D. hansenii, it was observed that 3-nitrotyrosine decreased to the basal concentration of control liver samples, and that the concentration of nitrites was increased. These results indicate that denitrase of D. hansenii extracts can effectively detoxify 3-nitrotyrosine bound to proteins and that the extracts could be used to decrease protein oxidation damage in chronic degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lirio Sarabia-Curz
- Biomedicine Unit, Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Yadira Ledesma-Soto
- Biomedicine Unit, Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Miguel Murguía-Romero
- Morphology and Function Unit, Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Luis I Terrazas
- Biomedicine Unit, Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
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Ali MY, Zaib S, Rahman MM, Jannat S, Iqbal J, Park SK, Chang MS. Didymin, a dietary citrus flavonoid exhibits anti-diabetic complications and promotes glucose uptake through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 305:180-194. [PMID: 30928401 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Didymin is a naturally occurring orally active flavonoid glycoside (isosakuranetin 7-O-rutinoside) found in various citrus fruits, which has been previously reported to possess a wide variety of pharmacological activities including anticancer, antioxidant, antinociceptive, neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, inflammatory, and cardiovascular. However, there have not been any reports concerning its anti-diabetic potential until now. Therefore, we evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of didymin via inhibition of α-glucosidase, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), rat lens aldose reductase (RLAR), human recombinant AR (HRAR), and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation inhibitory assays. Didymin strongly inhibited PTP1B, α-glucosidase, HRAR, RLAR, and AGE in the corresponding assays. Kinetic study revealed that didymin exhibited a mixed type inhibition against α-glucosidase and HRAR, while it competitively inhibited PTP1B and RLAR. Docking simulations of didymin demonstrated negative binding energies and close proximity to residues in the binding pocket of HRAR, RLAR, PTP1B and α-glucosidase, indicating that didymin have high affinity and tight binding capacity towards the active site of these enzymes. Furthermore, we also examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of didymin in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells which significantly increased glucose uptake and decreased the expression of PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. In addition, didymin activated insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 by increasing phosphorylation at tyrosine 895 and enhanced the phosphorylations of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and glycogen synthasekinase-3(GSK-3). Interestingly, didymin reduced the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase, two key enzymes involved in the gluconeogenesis and leading to a diminished glucose production. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that didymin will be useful for developing multiple target-oriented therapeutic modalities for treatment of diabetes, and diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre for Structural and Functional Genomic, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - M Mizanur Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
| | - Susoma Jannat
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Korea Molecular Medicine and Nutrition Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Seong Kyu Park
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Mun Seog Chang
- Department of Prescriptionology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee Dae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
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Schiavone S, Neri M, Maffione AB, Frisoni P, Morgese MG, Trabace L, Turillazzi E. Increased iNOS and Nitrosative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons of MDMA-Exposed Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051242. [PMID: 30871034 PMCID: PMC6429174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mechanisms underlying 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). However, ROS, NO, and RNS sources in the brain are not fully known. We aimed to investigate possible alterations in the expression of the ROS producer NOX enzymes (NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4), NO generators (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS), markers of oxidative (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8OHdG), and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine, NT) stress, as well as the colocalization between cells positive for the dopamine transporter (DT1) and cells expressing the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) marker, in the frontal cortex of rats receiving saline or MDMA, sacrificed 6 h, 16 h, or 24 h after its administration. MDMA did not affect NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4 immunoreactivity, whereas iNOS expression was enhanced. The number of NT-positive cells was increased in MDMA-exposed animals, whereas no differences were detected in 8OHdG expression among experimental groups. MDMA and NT markers colocalized with DT1 positive cells. DT1 immunostaining was found in NeuN-positive stained cells. Virtually no colocalization was observed with microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, MDMA immunostaining was not found in NOX2-positive cells. Our results suggest that iNOS-derived nitrosative stress, but not NOX enzymes, may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting the specificity of different enzymatic systems in the development of neuropathological alterations induced by the abuse of this psychoactive compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Schiavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Margherita Neri
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Angela Bruna Maffione
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Frisoni
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 70, 44100 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Morgese
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Trabace
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Napoli, 20, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Turillazzi
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Pathology, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Nag TC, Kathpalia P, Gorla S, Wadhwa S. Localization of nitro-tyrosine immunoreactivity in human retina. Ann Anat 2019; 223:8-18. [PMID: 30716468 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is associated with retinal aging and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In both cases there are reports for the presence of markers of lipid peroxidation in retinal cells. We investigated if nitrosative stress also occurs in the human retina with aging. We examined the cellular localization of nitro-tyrosine, a biomarker of protein tyrosine nitration, in human donor retina (17-91 years; N = 15) by immunohistochemistry. Immunoreactivity (IR) to nitro-tyrosine was present in ten retinas and absent in five retinas. It was predominant in photoreceptor inner segments, cell bodies and axons. In six retinas, IR was present in abnormal, swollen axons of macular and peripheral cones. In the inner retina, weak immunoreactivity was detected in the outer and inner plexiform layer. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a variable degree of microtubule disorganization, abnormal outgrowth from the swollen macular axons (as the fibers of Henle) and few dead axons. The present study adds further evidence to the presence of aberrant photoreceptor axonal changes in the human retina and that nitro-tyrosine immunoreactivity is associated with the photoreceptor cells in select human retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas C Nag
- Department of Anatomy, Neurobiology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Poorti Kathpalia
- Department of Anatomy, Neurobiology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shilpa Gorla
- Department of Anatomy, Neurobiology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Shashi Wadhwa
- Department of Anatomy, Neurobiology Laboratory, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
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Ma Q, Dasgupta C, Li Y, Huang L, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210 Downregulates ISCU and Induces Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Death in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5608-5625. [PMID: 30656514 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury causes significant mortality and long-term neurologic sequelae. We previously demonstrated that HI significantly increased microRNA-210 (miR-210) in the neonatal rat brain and inhibition of brain endogenous miR-210 was neuroprotective in HI brain injury. However, the molecular mechanisms underpinning this neuroprotection remain unclear. Using both in vivo and in vitro models, herein we uncover a novel mechanism mediating oxidative brain injury after neonatal HI, in which miR-210 induces mitochondrial dysfunction via downregulation of iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein (ISCU). Inhibition of miR-210 significantly ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss in the neonatal brain subjected to HI, as well as in primary cortical neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). These effects are mediated through ISCU, in that miR-210 mimic decreases ISCU abundance in the brains of rat pups and primary cortical neurons, and inhibition of miR-210 protects ISCU against HI in vivo or OGD in vitro. Deletion of miR-210 binding sequences at the 3'UTR of ISCU transcript ablates miR-210-induced downregulation of ISCU protein abundance in PC12 cells. In primary cortical neurons, miR-210 mimic or silencing ISCU results in mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species production, and activation of caspase-dependent death pathways. Of importance, knockdown of ISCU increases HI-induced injury in the neonatal rat brain and counteracts the neuroprotection of miR-210 inhibition. Therefore, miR-210 by downregulating ISCU and inducing mitochondrial dysfunction in neurons is a potent contributor of oxidative brain injury after neonatal HI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- The Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- The Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Yong Li
- The Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- The Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- The Lawrence D. Longo Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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Lee JA, Kuchakulla M, Arora H, Kulandavelu S, Gonzalez E, Masterson TA, Hare JM, Kaiser UB, Ramasamy R. Age Induced Nitroso-Redox Imbalance Leads to Subclinical Hypogonadism in Male Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:190. [PMID: 30984111 PMCID: PMC6447610 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The cause of age-related changes in testosterone remains unclear. We hypothesized that increased nitroso-redox imbalance with aging could affect testosterone production. Materials and Methods: We measured several markers of nitroso-redox imbalance (4-HNE, 3-NT, and NT) in serum of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase knock out (GSNOR KO) mice that have increased nitroso-redox imbalance and compared these to wild-type (WT) mice. We evaluated the impact of age-induced nitroso-redox imbalance on serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) in WT young (<2 months), middle-aged (2-6 months), and aged (>12 months) mice. Finally, to elucidate the susceptibility of testes to nitroso-redox imbalance, we measured 4-HNE protein levels in the testes of WT and KO mice. Results: We identified 4-HNE as a reliable marker of nitroso-redox imbalance, as evidenced by increased protein levels in serum of GSNOR KO mice compared with WT mice. We demonstrated that 4-HNE serum protein levels increase in WT mice with age but do not accumulate in the testes. We also found that T levels were similar in all age groups. Interestingly, we found that serum LH levels in aged and middle-aged mice were increased when compared to young mice (n = 5) consistent with the phenotype of subclinical hypogonadism. Conclusions: Increased serum 4-HNE and LH levels without changes in T with age suggest that nitroso-redox imbalance is associated with subclinical hypogonadism in aged mice. Recognizing the relationship and etiology of a currently poorly understood classification of hypogonadism could be a paradigm shift in how age-related testosterone change is diagnosed and treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Alden Lee
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Manish Kuchakulla
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Manish Kuchakulla
| | - Himanshu Arora
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Miller School of Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Shathiyah Kulandavelu
- Miller School of Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Evert Gonzalez
- Miller School of Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas A. Masterson
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Joshua M. Hare
- Miller School of Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Ursula B. Kaiser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Woman's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjith Ramasamy
- Department of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Miller School of Medicine, The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- Ranjith Ramasamy
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Wu M, Yang Y, Wang M, Zeng F, Li Q, Liu W, Guo S, He M, Wang Y, Huang J, Zhou L, Li Y, Hu J, Gong W, Zhang Z. Exogenous Pancreatic Kallikrein Improves Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:855. [PMID: 30131697 PMCID: PMC6091235 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the protective effects of exogenous pancreatic kallikrein (PKK) treatment on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, a type 1 diabetic model, were treated with either PKK or saline for 12 weeks. Non-diabetic rats were used as controls. PKK administration attenuated the mitochondria swelling, Z line misalignments, myofibrosis and interstitial collagen accumulation in diabetic myocardial tissue. The oxidative stress imbalance including increased nitrotyrosine, decreased anti-oxidative components such as nuclear receptor nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase 1(GPx-1), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were recovered in the heart of PKK-treated diabetic rats. In diabetic rats, protein expression of TGF-β1 and accumulation of collagen I in the heart tissues was decreased after PKK administration. Markers for inflammation were decreased in diabetic rats by PKK treatment. Compared to diabetic rats, PKK reversed the degradation of IκB-α, an inhibitive element of heterotrimer nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) protein and myocardial nitrate/nitrite were impaired in the heart of diabetic rats, which, however, were restored after PKK treatment. The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and phospholamban (PLN) were mishandled in diabetic rats, while were rectified in PKK-treated diabetic rats. The plasma NT-proBNP level was increased in diabetic rats while was reduced with PKK treatment. Conclusion: PKK protects against DCM via reducing fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, promoting nitric oxide production, as well as restoring the function of the calcium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yeping Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Zeng
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhe Guo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min He
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Changzhou Qianhong Biopharma Co., Ltd., Changzhou, China
| | - Linuo Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyun Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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