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Gazzarrini S, Song L. LAFL Factors in Seed Development and Phase Transitions. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 75:459-488. [PMID: 38657282 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070623-111458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Development is a chain reaction in which one event leads to another until the completion of a life cycle. Phase transitions are milestone events in the cycle of life. LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), ABA INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), FUSCA3 (FUS3), and LEC2 proteins, collectively known as LAFL, are master transcription factors (TFs) regulating seed and other developmental processes. Since the initial characterization of the LAFL genes, more than three decades of active research has generated tremendous amounts of knowledge about these TFs, whose roles in seed development and germination have been comprehensively reviewed. Recent advances in cell biology with genetic and genomic tools have allowed the characterization of the LAFL regulatory networks in previously challenging tissues at a higher throughput and resolution in reference species and crops. In this review, we provide a holistic perspective by integrating advances at the epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and protein levels to exemplify the spatiotemporal regulation of the LAFL networks in Arabidopsis seed development and phase transitions, and we briefly discuss the evolution of these TF networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Liang Song
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
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2
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Gong C, Yin X, Ye T, Liu X, Yu M, Dong T, Wu Y. The F-Box/DUF295 Brassiceae specific 2 is involved in ABA-inhibited seed germination and seedling growth in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 323:111369. [PMID: 35820550 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To bear harsh environmental threats, plants have developed complex protection mechanisms involving phytohormones, counting abscisic acid (ABA). The function of the F-Box family containing the Domain of Unknown Function 295 (DUF295) has not yet been comprehensively characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). In this study, we evaluated the function of a putative member of the F-Box/DUF295 family in Arabidopsis, F-box/DUF295 Brassiceae specific 2 (FDB2). We found that FDB2 expression was suppressed by ABA and abiotic stresses. FDB2 overexpression (OE) reduced ABA sensitivity during seed germination and seedling growth, but enhanced ABA-sensitivity of seed germination and seedling growth in fdb2 mutants was scored. When treated with ABA, expressions of ABI3, ABI4 and ABI5 showed decreased in OE lines but increased in fdb2 mutants. In addition, ABA-induced FDB2 degradation exhibited sensitive to MG132, suggesting that FDB2 degradation by ABA might be mediated by the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system. Moreover, ABA-induced significant over-accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the root tips of fdb2 mutants was observed, this phenomenon was correlated to reduced activities of a set of ROS scavengers in fdb2 mutants relative to Col-0. In summary, our results suggest that Arabidopsis FDB2 is involved in ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination, seedling growth including modulation of ROS homeostasis in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoming Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Min Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tian Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Guo F, Zhang P, Wu Y, Lian G, Yang Z, Liu W, Buerte B, Zhou C, Zhang W, Li D, Han N, Tong Z, Zhu M, Xu L, Chen M, Bian H. Rice LEAFY COTYLEDON1 Hinders Embryo Greening During the Seed Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:887980. [PMID: 35620685 PMCID: PMC9128838 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.887980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) is the central regulator of seed development in Arabidopsis, while its function in monocots is largely elusive. We generated Oslec1 mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Oslec1 mutant seeds lost desiccation tolerance and triggered embryo greening at the early development stage. Transcriptome analysis demonstrated that Oslec1 mutation altered diverse hormonal pathways and stress response in seed maturation, and promoted a series of photosynthesis-related genes. Further, genome-wide identification of OsLEC1-binding sites demonstrated that OsLEC1 bound to genes involved in photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, as well as abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellin (GA) pathways, involved in seed maturation. We illustrated an OsLEC1-regulating gene network during seed development, including the interconnection between photosynthesis and ABA/GA biosynthesis/signaling. Our findings suggested that OsLEC1 acts as not only a central regulator of seed maturation but also an inhibitor of embryo greening during rice seed development. This study would provide new understanding for the OsLEC1 regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis in the monocot seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Peijing Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Centre, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guiwei Lian
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - B. Buerte
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Li
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Ning Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zaikang Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, China
| | - Muyuan Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Yang Z, Liu X, Wang K, Li Z, Jia Q, Zhao C, Zhang M. ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 with or without FUSCA3 highly up-regulates lipid droplet proteins and activates oil accumulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2077-2092. [PMID: 34849730 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ABA-INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3) has long been known for activation of storage protein accumulation. A role of ABI3 on oil accumulation was previously suggested based on a decrease of oil content in seeds of abi3 mutant. However, this conclusion could not exclude possibilities of indirect or pleiotropic effects, such as through mutual regulatory interactions with FUSCA3 (FUS3), an activator of oil accumulation. To identify that ABI3 functions independent of the effects of related seed transcription factors, we expressed ABI3 under the control of an inducible promoter in tobacco BY2 cells and Arabidopsis rosette leaves. Inducible expression of ABI3 activated oil accumulation in these non-seed cells, demonstrating a general role of ABI3 in regulation of oil biosynthesis. Further expressing ABI3 in rosette leaves of fus3 knockout mutant still caused up to 3-fold greater triacylglycerol accumulation, indicating ABI3 can activate lipid accumulation independently of FUS3. Transcriptome analysis revealed that LIPID DROPLET PROTEIN (LDP) genes, including OLEOSINs and CALEOSINs, were up-regulated up to 1000-fold by ABI3 in the absence of FUS3, while the expression of WRINKLED1 was doubled. Taken together, our results provide genetic evidence that ABI3 activates oil accumulation with or without FUS3, most likely through up-regulating LDPs and WRINKLED1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiangling Liu
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuowei Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingli Jia
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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Ali F, Qanmber G, Li F, Wang Z. Updated role of ABA in seed maturation, dormancy, and germination. J Adv Res 2022; 35:199-214. [PMID: 35003801 PMCID: PMC8721241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional ABA biosynthesis genes show specific roles for ABA accumulation at different stages of seed development and seedling establishment. De novo ABA biosynthesis during embryogenesis is required for late seed development, maturation, and induction of primary dormancy. ABA plays multiple roles with the key LAFL hub to regulate various downstream signaling genes in seed and seedling development. Key ABA signaling genes ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 play important multiple functions with various cofactors during seed development such as de-greening, desiccation tolerance, maturation, dormancy, and seed vigor. The crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones are complicated and important for seed development and seedling establishment.
Background Seed is vital for plant survival and dispersion, however, its development and germination are influenced by various internal and external factors. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the most important phytohormones that influence seed development and germination. Until now, impressive progresses in ABA metabolism and signaling pathways during seed development and germination have been achieved. At the molecular level, ABA biosynthesis, degradation, and signaling genes were identified to play important roles in seed development and germination. Additionally, the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones such as gibberellins (GA), ethylene (ET), Brassinolide (BR), and auxin also play critical roles. Although these studies explored some actions and mechanisms by which ABA-related factors regulate seed morphogenesis, dormancy, and germination, the complete network of ABA in seed traits is still unclear. Aim of review Presently, seed faces challenges in survival and viability. Due to the vital positive roles in dormancy induction and maintenance, as well as a vibrant negative role in the seed germination of ABA, there is a need to understand the mechanisms of various ABA regulators that are involved in seed dormancy and germination with the updated knowledge and draw a better network for the underlying mechanisms of the ABA, which would advance the understanding and artificial modification of the seed vigor and longevity regulation. Key scientific concept of review Here, we review functions and mechanisms of ABA in different seed development stages and seed germination, discuss the current progresses especially on the crosstalk between ABA and other hormones and signaling molecules, address novel points and key challenges (e.g., exploring more regulators, more cofactors involved in the crosstalk between ABA and other phytohormones, and visualization of active ABA in the plant), and outline future perspectives for ABA regulating seed associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Ali
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, China
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6
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Ding X, Jia X, Xiang Y, Jiang W. Histone Modification and Chromatin Remodeling During the Seed Life Cycle. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:865361. [PMID: 35548305 PMCID: PMC9083068 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.865361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are essential for the reproduction and dispersion of spermatophytes. The seed life cycle from seed development to seedling establishment proceeds through a series of defined stages regulated by distinctive physiological and biochemical mechanisms. The role of histone modification and chromatin remodeling in seed behavior has been intensively studied in recent years. In this review, we summarize progress in elucidating the regulatory network of these two kinds of epigenetic regulation during the seed life cycle, especially in two model plants, rice and Arabidopsis. Particular emphasis is placed on epigenetic effects on primary tissue formation (e.g., the organized development of embryo and endosperm), pivotal downstream gene expression (e.g., transcription of DOG1 in seed dormancy and repression of seed maturation genes in seed-to-seedling transition), and environmental responses (e.g., seed germination in response to different environmental cues). Future prospects for understanding of intricate interplay of epigenetic pathways and the epigenetic mechanisms in other commercial species are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiali Ding
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuhui Jia
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Xiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhui Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Wenhui Jiang,
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7
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Fàbregas N, Fernie AR. The interface of central metabolism with hormone signaling in plants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1535-R1548. [PMID: 34875246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Amongst the myriad of metabolites produced by plants, primary metabolites and hormones play crucial housekeeping roles in the cell and are essential for proper plant growth and development. While the biosynthetic pathways of primary metabolism are well characterized, those of hormones are yet to be completely defined. Central metabolism provides precursors for hormone biosynthesis and the regulation and function of primary metabolites and hormones are tightly entwined. The combination of reverse genetics and technological advances in our ability to evaluate the levels of the molecular entities of the cell (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) has led to considerable improvements in our understanding of both the regulatory interaction between primary metabolites and hormones and its coordination in response to different conditions. Here, we provide an overview of the interaction of primary and hormone metabolism at the metabolic and signaling levels, as well as a perspective regarding the tools that can be used to tackle our current knowledge gaps at the signaling level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Fàbregas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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8
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Wang Y, Zhang M, Dong S, Liu YL, Li ZH. The Opposite Roles of White Light in Regulating Germination of Fresh and Aged Seed in Tobacco. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112457. [PMID: 34834820 PMCID: PMC8618267 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Light is one of the important environmental factors for seeds to evaluate whether the natural environment is appropriate for germination and subsequent seedlings emergence. The mechanism of light-mediated germination is mainly concerned with fresh seeds (FS) of model plants but is poorly understood in aged seeds. Here, the effects of light on germination of FS and naturally aged seeds (NAS) in tobacco and their relationship with plant hormones gibberellins (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated. The results demonstrated that light promoted and inhibited the germination of FS and NAS, respectively. GA and ABA were involved in the germination control of NAS, as well as in FS. However, light suppressed GA signal and stimulated ABA signal in NAS, whereas it stimulated GA signal and suppressed ABA signal in FS. In addition, light stimulated the GA accumulation and reduction in ABA in FS while inhibiting the increase in GA level in NAS. Together, the present study demonstrates that light has opposite effects on the germination of FS and NAS, which are closely related to the metabolism and/or signaling of plant hormones ABA and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Shuai Dong
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
| | - Yi-Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Zhen-Hua Li
- College of Agriculture, University of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; (Y.W.); (M.Z.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Bhagat PK, Verma D, Sharma D, Sinha AK. HY5 and ABI5 transcription factors physically interact to fine tune light and ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:117-127. [PMID: 34490593 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-talk between light and ABA signaling is mediated by physical interaction between HY5 and ABI5 Arabidopsis. Plants undergo numerous transitions during their life-cycle and have developed a very complex network of signaling to integrate information from their surroundings to effectively survive in the ever-changing environment. Light signaling is one of the crucial factors that govern the plant growth and development from the very first step of that is from seedling germination to the flowering. Similarly, Abscisic acid (ABA) signaling transduces the signals from external unfavorable condition to the internal developmental pathways and is crucial for regulation of seed maturation, dormancy germination and early seedling development. These two fundamental factors coordinately regulate plant wellbeing, but the underlying molecular mechanisms that drive this regulation are poorly understood. Here, we identified that two bZIP transcription factors, ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLE 5 (HY5), a positive regulator of light signaling and ABA-INSENSITIVE 5 (ABI5), a positive regulator of ABA signaling interacts and integrates the two pathways together. Our phenotypic data suggest that ABI5 may act as a negative regulator during photomorphogenesis in contrast, HY5 acts as a positive regulator of ABA signaling in an ABA dependent manner. We further showed that over-expression of HY5 leads to ABA-hypersensitive phenotype and late flowering phenotype. Taken together, our data provides key insights regarding the mechanism of interaction between ABI5-HY5 that fine tunes the stress and developmental response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepanjali Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Deepika Sharma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Li Q, Xu F, Chen Z, Teng Z, Sun K, Li X, Yu J, Zhang G, Liang Y, Huang X, Du L, Qian Y, Wang Y, Chu C, Tang J. Synergistic interplay of ABA and BR signal in regulating plant growth and adaptation. NATURE PLANTS 2021; 7:1108-1118. [PMID: 34226689 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-021-00959-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Complex antagonistic interactions between abscisic acid (ABA) and brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathways have been widely documented. However, whether or how ABA interacts synergistically with BR in plants remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that low, but not high, concentration of ABA increases lamina joint inclination of rice seedling, which requires functional BR biosynthesis and signalling. Transcriptome analyses confirm that about 60% of low-concentration ABA early response genes can be regulated by BR in the same directions. ABA activates BR signal in a fast, limited and short-term manner and the BR-biosynthesis regulatory gene, OsGSR1, plays a key role during this process, whose expression is induced slightly by ABA through transcriptional factor ABI3. Moreover, the early short-term BR signal activation is also important for ABA-mediated salt stress tolerance. Intriguingly, the process and effect of short-term BR signal activation were covered by high concentration of ABA, implying adaptive mechanisms existed in plants to cope with varying degrees of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiancai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiahe Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yingchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiuyou Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, and the Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Zhang H, Hu Z, Yang Y, Liu X, Lv H, Song BH, An YQC, Li Z, Zhang D. Transcriptome profiling reveals the spatial-temporal dynamics of gene expression essential for soybean seed development. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:453. [PMID: 34134624 PMCID: PMC8207594 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seeds are the economic basis of oilseed crops, especially soybeans, the most widely cultivated oilseed crop worldwide. Seed development is accompanied by a multitude of diverse cellular processes, and revealing the underlying regulatory activities is critical for seed improvement. RESULTS In this study, we profiled the transcriptomes of developing seeds at 20, 25, 30, and 40 days after flowering (DAF), as these stages represent critical time points of seed development from early to full development. We identified a set of highly abundant genes and highlighted the importance of these genes in supporting nutrient accumulation and transcriptional regulation for seed development. We identified 8925 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that exhibited temporal expression patterns over the course and expression specificities in distinct tissues, including seeds and nonseed tissues (roots, stems, and leaves). Genes specific to nonseed tissues might have tissue-associated roles, with relatively low transcript abundance in developing seeds, suggesting their spatially supportive roles in seed development. Coexpression network analysis identified several underexplored genes in soybeans that bridge tissue-specific gene modules. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides a global view of gene activities and biological processes critical for seed formation in soybeans and prioritizes a set of genes for further study. The results of this study help to elucidate the mechanism controlling seed development and storage reserves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyou Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuming Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Haiyan Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28223, USA
| | - Yong-Qiang Charles An
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Midwest Area, Plant Genetics Research Unit at Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Zhimin Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Mei M, Wei J, Ai W, Zhang L, Lu XJ. Integrated RNA and miRNA sequencing analysis reveals a complex regulatory network of Magnolia sieboldii seed germination. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10842. [PMID: 34035372 PMCID: PMC8149418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch (M. sieboldii) is a deciduous Chinese tree species of the Magnoliaceae family with high ornamental, medicinal, and economic benefits. The germination of M. sieboldii seeds under natural conditions is extremely difficult, thereby hindering the cultivation and breeding of this important species. The molecular mechanisms underlying M. sieboldii seed germination remain unclear due to the lack of genomic and transcriptomic resources. Here, we integrated both mRNA and miRNA sequencing to identify the genes and pathways related to M. sieboldii germination. A comprehensive full-length transcriptome containing 158,083 high-quality unigenes was obtained by single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology. We identified a total of 13,877 genes that were differentially expressed between non-germinated and germinated seeds. These genes were mainly involved in plant hormone signal transduction and diverse metabolic pathways such as those involving lipids, sugars, and amino acids. Our results also identified a complex regulatory network between miRNAs and their target genes. Taken together, we present the first transcriptome of M. sieboldii and provide key genes and pathways associated with seed germination for further characterization. Future studies of the molecular basis of seed germination will facilitate the genetic improvement M. sieboldii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Mei
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Wei
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanfeng Ai
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Department of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Department of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiu-jun Lu
- grid.412557.00000 0000 9886 8131Department of Forestry, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Liu J, Guo X, Zhai T, Shu A, Zhao L, Liu Z, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification and characterization of microRNAs responding to ABA and GA in maize embryos during seed germination. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:949-957. [PMID: 32526094 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of non-coding small RNAs that regulate the expression of target genes through mRNA cleavage or translational inhibition. Previous studies have revealed their roles in regulating seed dormancy and germination in model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). However, the miRNA response to exogenous gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) during seed germination in maize has yet to be explored. In this study, small RNA libraries were generated and sequenced from maize embryos treated with GA, ABA or double-distilled water as control. A total of 247 miRNAs (104 known and 143 novel) were identified, of which 45 known and 53 novel miRNAs were differentially expressed in embryos in the different treatment groups. In total, 74 (37 up-regulated and 37 down-regulated) and 55 (23 up-regulated and 32 down-regulated) miRNAs were expressed in response to GA and to ABA, respectively, and a total of 18 known and 38 novel miRNAs displayed differential expression between the GA- and ABA-treated groups. Using bioinformatics tools, we predicted the target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs. Using GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of these targets, we showed that miRNAs differentially expressed in our samples affect genes encoding proteins involved in the peroxisome, ribosome and plant hormonal signalling pathways. Our results indicate that miRNA-mediated gene expression influences the GA and ABA signalling pathways during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - X Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - T Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - A Shu
- Rice Research Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - L Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Z Liu
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang, China
| | - S Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Sankaranarayanan S, Jamshed M, Delmas F, Yeung EC, Samuel MA. Identification and characterization of a female gametophyte defect in sdk1-7 +/- abi3-6 +/- heterozygotes of Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1780038. [PMID: 32657242 PMCID: PMC8570737 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2020.1780038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Successful reproduction in angiosperms is dependent on the highly synchronous development of their male and female gametophytes and the ensuing fusion of the gametes from these reproductive tissue types. When crossing a T-DNA insertion line sdk1-7-/-(Salk_024564), one of the S-domain receptor kinases involved in ABA responses with a fast neutron deletion line abi3-6-/-, the F1 heterozygotes (sdk1-7+/-abi3-6 +/-) displayed 50% ovule abortion suggesting a likely gametophytic defects. We identified and characterized an early stage female gametophyte developmental defect in the heterozygous mutant ovules. Recombination frequency analysis of the F2 progenies from selfed heterozygotes revealed a possible pseudo-linkage of sdk1-7 and abi3-6 suggesting a reciprocal translocation event in the heterozygote. Our study emphasizes the importance of robust analysis to distinguish gametophytic defect phenotypes caused by genetic interactions and that resulting from possible chromosomal translocation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Biological Sciences, BI 392, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Muhammad Jamshed
- Department of Biological Sciences, BI 392, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Frontier Agri-Science, Port Hope, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frédéric Delmas
- UMR1332 BFP, INRAE, Université De Bordeaux, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Edward C. Yeung
- Department of Biological Sciences, BI 392, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marcus A. Samuel
- Department of Biological Sciences, BI 392, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Liu Z, Ge XX, Wu XM, Xu Q, Atkinson RG, Guo WW. Genome-wide analysis of the citrus B3 superfamily and their association with somatic embryogenesis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:305. [PMID: 32299363 PMCID: PMC7161213 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In citrus, genetic improvement via biotechnology is hindered by the obstacle of in vitro regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE). Although a few B3 transcription factors are reported to regulate embryogenesis, little is known about the B3 superfamily in citrus, and which members might be involved in SE. RESULTS Genome-wide sequence analysis identified 72 (CsB3) and 69 (CgB3) putative B3 superfamily members in the genomes of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis, polyembryonic) and pummelo (C. grandis, monoembryonic), respectively. Genome duplication analysis indicated that segmental and tandem duplication events contributed to the expansion of the B3 superfamily in citrus, and that the B3 superfamily evolved under the effect of purifying selection. Phylogenetic relationships were well supported by conserved gene structure and motifs outside the B3 domain, which allowed possible functions to be inferred by comparison with homologous genes from Arabidopsis. Expression analysis identified 23 B3 superfamily members that were expressed during SE in citrus and 17 that may play functional roles at late SE stages. Eight B3 genes were identified that were specific to the genome of polyembryonic sweet orange compared to monoembryonic pummelo. Of these eight B3 genes, CsARF19 was found to be specifically expressed at higher levels in embryogenic callus (EC), implying its possible involvement in EC initiation. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a genome-wide analysis of the citrus B3 superfamily, including its genome organization, evolutionary features and expression profiles, and identifies specific family members that may be associated with SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Fruit and Tea Research Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064 China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xiao-Xia Ge
- Center of Applied Biotechnology, Wuhan University of Bioengineering, Wuhan, 430415 China
| | - Xiao-Meng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Ross G. Atkinson
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
| | - Wen-Wu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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16
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Chen Y, Xu X, Liu Z, Zhang Z, XuHan X, Lin Y, Lai Z. Global scale transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involve in early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:4. [PMID: 31898486 PMCID: PMC6941269 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent. To understand the molecular mechanisms during longan SE, we examined the transcriptome changes by using Illumina HiSeq from the four distinct developmental stages, including non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC), globular embryos (GE). RESULTS RNA-seq of the four samples generated a total of 243.78 million high quality reads, approximately 81.5% of the data were mapped to longan genome. The cDNA libraries of NEC, EC, ICpEC and GE, generated 22,743, 19,745, 21,144, 21,102 expressed transcripts, 1935, 1710, 1816, 1732 novel transcripts, 2645, 366, 505, 588 unique genes, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that a total of 10,642, 4180, 5846 and 1785 genes were differentially expressed in the pairwise comparisons of NEC_vs_EC, EC_vs_ICpEC, EC_vs_GE, ICpEC_vs_GE, respectively. Among them, plant hormones signalling related genes were significantly enriched, especially the auxin and cytokinin signalling components. The transcripts of flavonoid biosynthesis related genes were mainly expressed in NEC, while fatty acid biosynthesis related genes mainly accumulated in early SE. In addition, the extracelluar protein encoding genes LTP, CHI, GLP, AGP, EP1 were related to longan SE. Combined with the FPKM value of longan nine tissues transcription, 27 SE specific or preferential genes (LEC1, LEC1-like, PDF1.3, GH3.6, AGL80, PIN1, BBM, WOX9, WOX2, ABI3, et al.) and 28 NEC preferential genes (LEA5, CNOT3, DC2.15, PR1-1, NsLTP2, DIR1, PIP1, PIP2.1, TIP2-1, POD-P7 and POD5 et al.) were characterized as molecular markers for longan early SE. qRT-PCR validation of SE-related genes showed a high correlation between RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the role of the transcriptome during early SE in longan. Differentially expressed genes reveal that plant hormones signalling, flavonoid and fatty acid biosynthesis, and extracelluar protein related genes were involved in longan early SE. It could serve as a valuable platform resource for further functional studies addressing embryogenesis in woody plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xiaoping Xu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zhuanxia Liu
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Xu XuHan
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- Institut de la Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Toulouse, IRIT-ARI, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Yuling Lin
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
| | - Zhongxion Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
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Lin JH, Yu LH, Xiang CB. ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 acts as a negative modulator of seed germination by activating ABI3 expression. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:835-847. [PMID: 31491809 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination is a crucial transition point in plant life and is tightly regulated by environmental conditions through the coordination of two phytohormones, gibberellin and abscisic acid (ABA). To avoid unfavorable conditions, plants have evolved safeguard mechanisms for seed germination. The present contribution reports a novel function of the Arabidopsis MCM1/AGAMOUS/DEFICIENS/SRF(MADS)-box transcription factor ARABIDOPSIS NITRATE REGULATED 1 (ANR1) in seed germination. ANR1 knockout mutant is insensitive to ABA, salt and osmotic stress during the seed germination and early seedling development stages, whereas ANR1-overexpressing lines are hypersensitive. ANR1 is responsive to ABA and abiotic stresses and upregulates the expression of ABA Intolerant (ABI)3 to suppress seed germination. ANR1 and ABI3 have similar expression pattern during seed germination. Genetically, ABI3 acts downstream of ANR1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and yeast-one-hybrid assays showed that ANR1 could bind to the ABI3 promoter to regulate its expression. In addition, ANR1 acts synergistically with AGL21 to suppress seed germination in response to ABA as evidenced by anr1 agl21 double mutant. Taken together, the results herein demonstrate that the ANR1 plays an important role in regulating seed germination and early postgermination growth. ANR1 and AGL21 together constitutes a safeguard mechanism for seed germination to avoid unfavorable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Lin-Hui Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
| | - Cheng-Bin Xiang
- School of Life Sciences and Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230027, China
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A comprehensive analysis of the B3 superfamily identifies tissue-specific and stress-responsive genes in chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). 3 Biotech 2019; 9:346. [PMID: 31497464 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1875-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the plant-specific B3 domain-containing transcription factors (TFs) in chickpea. Scanning of the chickpea genome resulted in the identification of 51 B3 domain-containing TFs that were located on seven out of eight chickpea chromosomes. Based on the presence of additional domains other than the B3 domain, the candidates were classified into four subfamilies, i.e., ARF (24), REM (19), LAV (6) and RAV (2). Phylogenetic analysis classified them into four groups in which members of the same group had similar intron-exon organization and motif composition. Genome duplication analysis of the candidate B3 genes revealed an event of segmental duplication that was instrumental in the expansion of the B3 gene family. Ka/Ks analysis showed that the B3 gene family was under purifying selection. Further, chickpea B3 genes showed maximum orthology with Medicago followed by soybean and Arabidopsis. Promoter analyses of the B3 genes led to the identification of several tissue-specific and stress-responsive cis-regulatory elements. Expression profiling of the candidate B3 genes using publicly available RNA-seq data of several chickpea tissues indicated their putative role in plant development and abiotic stress response. These findings were further validated by real-time expression analysis. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the B3 domain-containing proteins in chickpea that would aid in devising strategies for crop manipulation in chickpea.
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Xu P, Cai W. Function of Brassica napus BnABI3 in Arabidopsis gs1, an Allele of AtABI3, in Seed Development and Stress Response. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:67. [PMID: 30804960 PMCID: PMC6370748 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) has been implicated in plant adaptation to various environmental stresses in addition to the regulation of seed dormancy and leaf senescence. ABI3 is a B3 domain-containing family protein and functions in the ABA signaling pathway during seed development. To date, the ABI3 orthologous have not been studied in Brassica napus. The aim of this study is to investigate the function of BnABI3 in plant development and stress response. Here, we identified an Arabidopsis line (gs1) from a population of mutagenized seeds and showed that GS1 is a new allele of AtABI3. When the Arabidopsis gs1 mutant was transformed with the BnABI3 gene, the transformed plants produced seeds that turned yellow and acquired desiccation tolerance. Moreover, BnABI3 regulates seed coat development and mucilage secretion by directly targeting the AtMUM1 and AtGATL5 genes. In addition, we showed that BnABI3 expression rescued gs1 freezing-induced green seed coloration by targeting AtSGR1/2 in transgenic Arabidopsis. BnABI3 is also involved in lateral root development and conferred a novel interaction between ABA and auxin signaling in roots. The potential role of ABI3 protein in endoplasmic reticulum homoeostasis was also tested. Altogether, our results indicated that BnABI3 mediates both plant development and the stress response.
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20
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Naeem M, Zhu M, Li J, Yu X, Hu Z, Chen G. An AGAMOUS MADS-box protein, SlMBP3, regulates the speed of placenta liquefaction and controls seed formation in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:909-924. [PMID: 30481310 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AGAMOUS (AG) MADS-box transcription factors have been shown to play crucial roles in floral organ and fruit development in angiosperms. Here, we isolated a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) AG MADS-box gene SlMBP3 and found that it is preferentially expressed in flowers and during early fruit developmental stages in the wild-type (WT), and in the Nr (never ripe) and rin (ripening inhibitor) mutants. Its transcripts are notably accumulated in the pistils; transcripts abundance decrease during seed and placental development, increasing again during flower development. SlMBP3-RNAi tomato plants displayed fleshy placenta without locular gel and extremely malformed seeds with no seed coat, while SlMBP3-overexpressing plants exhibited advanced liquefaction of the placenta and larger seeds. Enzymatic activities related to cell wall modification, and the contents of cell wall components and pigments were dramatically altered in the placentas of SlMBP3-RNAi compared with the WT. Alterations in these physiological features were also observed in the placentas of SlMBP3-overexpressing plants. The lignin content of mature seeds in SlMBP3-RNAi lines was markedly lower than that in the WT. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that genes involved in seed development and the biosynthesis of enzymes related to cell wall modification, namely gibberellin, indole-3-acetic acid, and abscisic acid were down-regulated in the SlMBP3-RNAi lines. Taking together, our results demonstrate that SlMBP3 is involved in the regulation of placenta and seed development in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianling Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingku Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Tomato, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Geshnizjani N, Ghaderi-Far F, Willems LAJ, Hilhorst HWM, Ligterink W. Characterization of and genetic variation for tomato seed thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:229. [PMID: 30309320 PMCID: PMC6182833 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposing imbibed seeds to high temperatures may lead to either thermo-inhibition of germination or thermo-dormancy responses. In thermo-inhibition, seed germination is inhibited but quickly resumed when temperatures are lowered. Upon prolonged exposure to elevated temperatures, thermo-dormancy may be induced and seeds are not able to germinate even at optimal temperatures. In order to explore underlying physiological and molecular aspects of thermo-induced secondary dormancy, we have investigated the physiological responses of tomato seeds to elevated temperatures and the molecular mechanisms that could explain the performance of tomato seeds at elevated temperature. RESULTS In order to investigate how tomato seeds respond to high temperature we used two distinct tomato accessions: Solanum lycopersicum (cv. Moneymaker) (MM) and Solanum pimpinellifolium accession CGN14498 (PI). MM seeds did not germinate under high temperature conditions while seeds of PI reached a maximum germination of 80%. Despite the high germination percentage of PI, germinated seeds did not produce healthy seedling at 37 °C. By using a candidate gene approach we have tested if similar molecular pathways (abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA)) present in lettuce and Arabidopsis, are regulating thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy responses in tomato. We showed that the ABA biosynthesis pathway genes NCED1 and NCED9 were upregulated whereas two of the GA-biosynthesis regulators (GA3ox1 and GA20ox1) were downregulated in tomato thermo-dormant seeds at elevated temperature. To identify novel regulators of tomato seed performance under high temperature, we screened a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the two tomato accessions MM and PI for thermo-inhibition and dormancy induction. Several QTLs were detected, particularly for thermo-dormancy, which may be caused by new regulators of thermo-inhibition and thermo-dormancy in tomato. CONCLUSIONS None of the genes studied in this research were co-locating with the detected QTLs. The new QTLs discovered in this study will therefore be useful to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the responses of tomato seeds to high temperature and eventually lead to identification of the causal genes regulating these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Geshnizjani
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Farshid Ghaderi-Far
- Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Leo A J Willems
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk W M Hilhorst
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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22
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Salem MA, Li Y, Wiszniewski A, Giavalisco P. Regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR) alters the hormonal and metabolic composition of Arabidopsis seeds, controlling seed morphology, viability and germination potential. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 92:525-545. [PMID: 28845535 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Target of Rapamycin (TOR) is a positive regulator of growth and development in all eukaryotes, which positively regulates anabolic processes like protein synthesis, while repressing catabolic processes, including autophagy. To better understand TOR function we decided to analyze its role in seed development and germination. We therefore performed a detailed phenotypic analysis using mutants of the REGULATORY-ASSOCIATED PROTEIN OF TOR 1B (RAPTOR1B), a conserved TOR interactor, acting as a scaffold protein, which recruits substrates for the TOR kinase. Our results show that raptor1b plants produced seeds that were delayed in germination and less resistant to stresses, leading to decreased viability. These physiological phenotypes were accompanied by morphological changes including decreased seed-coat pigmentation and reduced production of seed-coat mucilage. A detailed molecular analysis revealed that many of these morphological changes were associated with significant changes of the metabolic content of raptor1b seeds, including elevated levels of free amino acids, as well as reduced levels of protective secondary metabolites and storage proteins. Most of these observed changes were accompanied by significantly altered phytohormone levels in the raptor1b seeds, with increases in abscisic acid, auxin and jasmonic acid, which are known to inhibit germination. Delayed germination and seedling growth, observed in the raptor1b seeds, could be partially restored by the exogenous supply of gibberellic acid, indicating that TOR is at the center of a regulatory hub controlling seed metabolism, maturation and germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Salem
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Yan Li
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Andrew Wiszniewski
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Patrick Giavalisco
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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23
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Chan A, Carianopol C, Tsai AYL, Varatharajah K, Chiu RS, Gazzarrini S. SnRK1 phosphorylation of FUSCA3 positively regulates embryogenesis, seed yield, and plant growth at high temperature in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:4219-4231. [PMID: 28922765 PMCID: PMC5853833 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FUSCA3 (FUS3) acts as a major regulator of seed maturation in Arabidopsis. FUS3 is phosphorylated by the SnRK1 catalytic subunit AKIN10/SnRK1α1, which belongs to a conserved eukaryotic kinase complex involved in energy homeostasis. Here we show that AKIN10 and FUS3 share overlapping expression patterns during embryogenesis, and that FUS3 is phosphorylated by AKIN10 in embryo cell extracts. To understand the role of FUS3 phosphorylation, we generated fus3-3 plants carrying FUS3 phosphorylation-null (FUS3S>A) and phosphorylation-mimic (FUS3S>D) variants. While FUS3S>A and FUS3S>D rescued all the fus3-3 seed maturation defects, FUS3S>A showed reduced transcriptional activity and enhanced fus3-3 previously uncharacterized phenotypes. FUS3S>A embryos displayed increased seed abortion due to maternal FUS3S>A and delayed embryo development, which correlated with a strong decrease in seed yield (~50%). Accordingly, the akin10 and akin11 mutants displayed a frequency of seed abortion similar to fus3-3. When plants were grown at elevated temperature, most phenotypes were exaggerated in FUS3S>A plants, and progeny seedlings overall grew poorly, suggesting that phosphorylation of FUS3 plays an important role during early embryogenesis and under heat stress. Collectively, these results suggest that FUS3 phosphorylation and SnRK1 are required for embryogenesis and integration of environmental cues to ensure the survival of the progeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Carina Carianopol
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Allen Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kresanth Varatharajah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Rex Shun Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Military Trail, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
- Correspondence:
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24
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Daszkowska-Golec A, Skubacz A, Marzec M, Slota M, Kurowska M, Gajecka M, Gajewska P, Płociniczak T, Sitko K, Pacak A, Szweykowska-Kulinska Z, Szarejko I. Mutation in HvCBP20 ( Cap Binding Protein 20) Adapts Barley to Drought Stress at Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:942. [PMID: 28626467 PMCID: PMC5454077 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CBP20 (Cap-Binding Protein 20) encodes a small subunit of the cap-binding complex (CBC), which is involved in the conserved cell processes related to RNA metabolism in plants and, simultaneously, engaged in the signaling network of drought response, which is dependent on ABA. Here, we report the enhanced tolerance to drought stress of barley mutant in the HvCBP20 gene manifested at the morphological, physiological, and transcriptomic levels. Physiological analyses revealed differences between the hvcbp20.ab mutant and its WT in response to a water deficiency. The mutant exhibited a higher relative water content (RWC), a lower stomatal conductance and changed epidermal pattern compared to the WT after drought stress. Transcriptome analysis using the Agilent Barley Microarray integrated with observed phenotypic traits allowed to conclude that the hvcbp20.ab mutant exhibited better fitness to stress conditions by its much more efficient and earlier activation of stress-preventing mechanisms. The network hubs involved in the adjustment of hvcbp20.ab mutant to the drought conditions were proposed. These results enabled to make a significant progress in understanding the role of CBP20 in the drought stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Daszkowska-Golec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Anna Skubacz
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marek Marzec
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Michal Slota
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Marzena Kurowska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Monika Gajecka
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Patrycja Gajewska
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Płociniczak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sitko
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pacak
- Department of Gene Expression, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznanPoznań, Poland
| | | | - Iwona Szarejko
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia in KatowiceKatowice, Poland
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25
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Zhang D, Zhao M, Li S, Sun L, Wang W, Cai C, Dierking EC, Ma J. Plasticity and innovation of regulatory mechanisms underlying seed oil content mediated by duplicated genes in the palaeopolyploid soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 90:1120-1133. [PMID: 28295817 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Many plants have undergone whole genome duplication (WGD). However, how regulatory networks underlying a particular trait are reshaped in polyploids has not been experimentally investigated. Here we show that the regulatory pathways modulating seed oil content, which involve WRINKLED1 (WRI1), LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1), and LEC2 in Arabidopsis, have been modified in the palaeopolyploid soybean. Such modifications include functional reduction of GmWRI1b of the GmWRI1a/GmWRI1b homoeologous pair relevant to WRI1, complementary non-allelic dosage effects of the GmLEC1a/GmLEC1b homoeologous pair relevant to LEC1, pseudogenization of the singleton GmLEC2 relevant to LEC2, and the rise of the LEC2-like function of GmABI3b, contrasting to its homoeolog GmABI3a, which maintains the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE 3 (ABI3)-like function in modulating seed maturation and dormancy. The function of GmABI3b in modulating seed oil biosynthesis was fulfilled by direct binding to a RY (CATGCA) cis-regulatory element in the GmWRI1a promoter, which was absent in the GmWRI1b promoter, resulting in reduction of the GmWRI1b expression. Nevertheless, the three regulators each exhibited similar intensities of purifying selection to their respective duplicates since these pairs were formed by a WGD event that is proposed to have occurred approximately 13 million years ago (mya), suggesting that the differentiation in spatiotemporal expression between the duplicated genes is more likely to be the outcome of neutral variation in regulatory sequences. This study thus exemplifies the plasticity, dynamics, and novelty of regulatory networks mediated by WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajian Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Meixia Zhao
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Lianjun Sun
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Weidong Wang
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
| | - Chunmei Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
| | - Emily C Dierking
- Genetics Laboratory, Indiana Crop Improvement Association, Lafayette, IN, 47909, USA
| | - Jianxin Ma
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266109, China
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26
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Yan A, Chen Z. The pivotal role of abscisic acid signaling during transition from seed maturation to germination. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:689-703. [PMID: 27882409 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Seed maturation and germination are two continuous developmental processes that link two distinct generations in spermatophytes; the precise genetic control of these two processes is, therefore, crucially important for the survival of the next generation. Pieces of experimental evidence accumulated so far indicate that a concerted action of endogenous signals and environmental cues is required to govern these processes. Plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been suggested to play a predominant role in directing seed maturation and maintaining seed dormancy under unfavorable environmental conditions until antagonized by gibberellins (GA) and certain environmental cues to allow the commencement of seed germination when environmental conditions are favorable; therefore, the balance of ABA and GA is a major determinant of the timing of seed germination. Due to the advent of new technologies and system biology approaches, molecular studies are beginning to draw a picture of the sophisticated genetic network that drives seed maturation during the past decade, though the picture is still incomplete and many details are missing. In this review, we summarize recent advances in ABA signaling pathway in the regulation of seed maturation as well as the transition from seed maturation to germination, and highlight the importance of system biology approaches in the study of seed maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Yan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Zhong Chen
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore.
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27
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Tang LP, Zhou C, Wang SS, Yuan J, Zhang XS, Su YH. FUSCA3 interacting with LEAFY COTYLEDON2 controls lateral root formation through regulating YUCCA4 gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 213:1740-1754. [PMID: 27878992 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root (LR) development is a post-embryonic organogenesis event that gives rise to most of the underground parts of higher plants. Auxin promotes LR formation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still not well understood. We analyzed LR formation induced by FUSCA3 (FUS3), a B3 domain transcription factor, which may function by promoting auxin biosynthesis during this process. We identified FUS3-interacting proteins that function in LR formation. In addition, we searched for the common targets of both FUS3 and its interacting protein. The role of their interactions in regulating auxin accumulation and LR initiation was examined. We identified LEAFY COTYLEDON2 (LEC2) as an interacting factor of FUS3, and demonstrated that these two homologous B3 transcription factors interact to bind to the auxin biosynthesis gene YUCCA4 (YUC4) and synergistically activate its transcription during LR formation. Furthermore, FUS3 expression is activated by LEC2 in LR initiation. The observations indicate that the FUS3-LEC2 complex functions as a key regulator in auxin-regulated LR formation. The results of this study provide new information for understanding the mechanisms of LR regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Chao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Jia Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
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28
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Duong S, Vonapartis E, Li CY, Patel S, Gazzarrini S. The E3 ligase ABI3-INTERACTING PROTEIN2 negatively regulates FUSCA3 and plays a role in cotyledon development in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:1555-1567. [PMID: 28369580 PMCID: PMC5441903 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
FUSCA3 (FUS3) is a short-lived B3-domain transcription factor that regulates seed development and phase transitions in Arabidopsis thaliana. The mechanisms controlling FUS3 levels are currently poorly understood. Here we show that FUS3 interacts with the RING E3 ligase ABI3-INTERACTING PROTEIN2 (AIP2). AIP2-green fluorescent protein (GFP) is preferentially expressed in the protoderm during early embryogenesis, similarly to FUS3, suggesting that their interaction is biologically relevant. FUS3 degradation is delayed in the aip2-1 mutant and FUS3-GFP fluorescence is increased in aip2-1, but only during mid-embryogenesis, suggesting that FUS3 is negatively regulated by AIP2 at a specific time during embryogenesis. aip2-1 shows delayed flowering and therefore also functions post-embryonically to regulate developmental phase transitions. Plants overexpressing FUS3 post-embryonically in the L1 layer (ML1p:FUS3) show late flowering and other developmental phenotypes that can be rescued by ML1p:AIP2, further supporting a negative role for AIP2 in FUS3 accumulation. However, additional factors regulate FUS3 levels during embryogenesis, as ML1:AIP2 seeds do not resemble fus3-3. Lastly, targeted expression of a RING-inactive AIP2 variant to the protoderm/L1 layer causes FUS3 and ABI3 overexpression phenotypes and defects in cotyledon development. Taken together, these results indicate that AIP2 targets FUS3 for degradation and plays a role in cotyledon development and flowering time in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Duong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Eliana Vonapartis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Cheuk-Yan Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sajedabanu Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G5, Canada
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29
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Mitchell J, Johnston IG, Bassel GW. Variability in seeds: biological, ecological, and agricultural implications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:809-817. [PMID: 27784726 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Variability is observed in biology across multiple scales, ranging from populations, individuals, and cells to the molecular components within cells. This review explores the sources and roles of this variability across these scales, focusing on seeds. From a biological perspective, the role and the impact this variability has on seed behaviour and adaptation to the environment is discussed. The consequences of seed variability on agricultural production systems, which demand uniformity, are also examined. We suggest that by understanding the basis and underlying mechanisms of variability in seeds, strategies to increase seed population uniformity can be developed, leading to enhanced agricultural production across variable climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Mitchell
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Iain G Johnston
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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30
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Mu Y, Liu Y, Bai L, Li S, He C, Yan Y, Yu X, Li Y. Cucumber CsBPCs Regulate the Expression of CsABI3 during Seed Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:459. [PMID: 28421094 PMCID: PMC5376566 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber seeds with shallow dormancy start to germinate in fruit that are harvested late. ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3), a transcription factor in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, is one of the most important regulators in the transition from late embryogenesis to germination. Our analysis found a candidate cis-regulatory motif for cucumber BASIC PENTACYSTEINE (CsBPC) in the promoter of CsABI3. Yeast one-hybrid and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays showed that CsBPCs bound to the promoter of CsABI3. Examination of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity driven by the CsABI3 promoter in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overexpressing CsBPCs and a Nicotiana benthamiana (tobacco) luciferase assay indicated that CsBPCs inhibited the expression of CsABI3. Transgenic plants overexpressing CsBPCs were constructed to confirm that CsBPCs participates in the control of seed germination. This study of the cucumber BPC-ABI3 pathway will help to explore and characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying seed germination and will provide necessary information for seed conservation in agriculture and forestry.
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31
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Chiu RS, Pan S, Zhao R, Gazzarrini S. ABA-dependent inhibition of the ubiquitin proteasome system during germination at high temperature in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:749-761. [PMID: 27496613 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
During germination, endogenous and environmental factors trigger changes in the transcriptome, translatome and proteome to break dormancy. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) degrades proteins that promote dormancy to allow germination. While research on the UPS has focused on the identification of proteasomal substrates, little information is known about the regulation of its activity. Here we characterized the activity of the UPS during dormancy release and maintenance by monitoring protein ubiquitination and degradation of two proteasomal substrates: Suc-LLVY-AMC, a well characterized synthetic substrate, and FUSCA3 (FUS3), a dormancy-promoting transcription factor degraded by the 26S proteasome. Our data indicate that proteasome activity and protein ubiquitination increase during imbibition at optimal temperature (21°C), and are required for seed germination. However, abscisic acid (ABA) and supraoptimal temperature (32°C) inhibit germination by dampening both protein ubiquitination and proteasome activity. Inhibition of UPS function by high temperature is reduced by the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor, fluridone, and in ABA biosynthetic mutants, suggesting that it is ABA dependent. Accordingly, inhibition of FUS3 degradation at 32°C is also dependent on ABA. Native gels show that inhibition of proteasome activity is caused by interference with the 26S/30S ratio as well as free 19S and 20S levels, impacting the proteasome degradation cycle. Transfer experiments show that ABA-mediated inhibition of proteasome activity at 21°C is restricted to the first 2 days of germination, a time window corresponding to seed sensitivity to environmental and ABA-mediated growth inhibition. Our data show that ABA and high temperature inhibit germination under unfavourable growth conditions by repressing the UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Shun Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Shiyue Pan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rongmin Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON, M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5, Canada
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32
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Chiu RS, Saleh Y, Gazzarrini S. Inhibition of FUSCA3 degradation at high temperature is dependent on ABA signaling and is regulated by the ABA/GA ratio. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2016; 11:e1247137. [PMID: 27791466 PMCID: PMC5157891 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2016.1247137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
During seed imbibition at supra-optimal temperature, an increase in the abscisic acid (ABA)/gibberellin (GA) ratio imposes secondary dormancy to prevent germination (thermoinhibition). FUSCA3 (FUS3), a positive regulator of seed dormancy, accumulates in seeds imbibed at high temperature and increases ABA levels to inhibit germination. Recently, we showed that ABA inhibits FUS3 degradation at high temperature, and that ABA and high temperature also inhibit the ubiquitin-proteasome system, by dampening both proteasome activity and protein polyubiquitination. Here, we investigated the role of ABA signaling components and the ABA antagonizing hormone, GA, in the regulation of FUS3 levels. We show that the ABA receptor mutant, pyl1-1, is less sensitive to ABA and thermoinhibition. In this mutant background, FUS3 degradation in vitro is faster. Similarly, GA alleviates thermoinhibition and also increases FUS3 degradation. These results indicate that inhibition of FUS3 degradation at high temperature is dependent on a high ABA/GA ratio and a functional ABA signaling pathway. Thus, FUS3 constitutes an important node in ABA-GA crosstalk during germination at supra-optimal temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rex Shun Chiu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yazan Saleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- CONTACT Sonia Gazzarrini
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Abstract
Hormones are chemical substances that can affect many cellular and developmental processes at low concentrations. Plant hormones co-ordinate growth and development at almost all stages of the plant's life cycle by integrating endogenous signals and environmental cues. Much debate in hormone biology revolves around specificity and redundancy of hormone signalling. Genetic and molecular studies have shown that these small molecules can affect a given process through a signalling pathway that is specific for each hormone. However, classical physiological and genetic studies have also demonstrated that the same biological process can be regulated by many hormones through independent pathways (co-regulation) or shared pathways (cross-talk or cross-regulation). Interactions between hormone pathways are spatiotemporally controlled and thus can vary depending on the stage of development or the organ being considered. In this chapter we discuss interactions between abscisic acid, gibberellic acid and ethylene in the regulation of seed germination as an example of hormone cross-talk. We also consider hormone interactions in response to environmental signals, in particular light and temperature. We focus our discussion on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.
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34
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Bassel GW. To Grow or not to Grow? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 21:498-505. [PMID: 26934952 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The seed to seedling transition in plants is initiated following the termination of seed dormancy. Here, I present a simplified developmental framework describing the events underlying this transition. I discuss putative mechanisms of signal integration and their relation to a global developmental fate switch in seeds within this framework. I delineate the events that occur before and after the flipping of this switch, marking an important distinction between these different developmental states. To end, I propose that the final fate switch resides within the embryo, and is informed by the endosperm in arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This framework can serve as a template to focus future research in seed science.
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Affiliation(s)
- George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Nguyen QT, Kisiala A, Andreas P, Neil Emery R, Narine S. Soybean Seed Development: Fatty Acid and Phytohormone Metabolism and Their Interactions. Curr Genomics 2016; 17:241-60. [PMID: 27252591 PMCID: PMC4869011 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160202220238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vegetable oil utilization is determined by its fatty acid composition. In soybean and other grain crops, during the seed development oil accumulation is important trait for value in food or industrial applications. Seed development is relatively short and sensitive to unfavorable abiotic conditions. These stresses can lead to a numerous undesirable qualitative as well as quantitative changes in fatty acid production. Fatty acid manipulation which targets a higher content of a specific single fatty acid for food or industrial application has gained more attention. Despite several successes in modifying the ratio of endogenous fatty acids in most domesticated oilseed crops, numerous obstacles in FA manipulation of seed maturation are yet to be overcome. Remarkably, connections with plant hormones have not been well studied despite their critical roles in the regulation and promotion of a plethora of processes in plant growth and development. While activities of phytohormones during the reproductive phase have been partially clarified in seed physiology, the biological role of plant hormones in oil accumulation during seed development has not been investigated. In this review seed development and numerous effects of abiotic stresses are discussed. After describing fatty acid and phytohormone metabolism and their interactions, we postulate that the endogenous plant hormones play important roles in fatty acid production in soybean seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Thien. Nguyen
- Environmental & Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario,Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Andreas
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - R.J. Neil Emery
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Suresh Narine
- Trent Centre for Biomaterials Research, Departments of Physics & Astronomy and Chemistry, Trent University, Peterborough,Ontario, Canada
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Nieuwland J, Stamm P, Wen B, Randall RS, Murray JAH, Bassel GW. Re-induction of the cell cycle in the Arabidopsis post-embryonic root meristem is ABA-insensitive, GA-dependent and repressed by KRP6. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23586. [PMID: 27021201 PMCID: PMC4810365 DOI: 10.1038/srep23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeding establishment following seed germination requires activation of the root meristem for primary root growth. We investigated the hormonal and genetic regulation of root meristem activation during Arabidopsis seed germination. In optimal conditions, radicle cell divisions occur only after the completion of germination and require de novo GA synthesis. When the completion of germination is blocked by ABA, radicle elongation and cell divisions occurred in these non-germinating seeds. Conversely under GA-limiting conditions, ABA-insensitive mutants complete germination in the absence of radicle meristem activation and growth. Radicle meristem activation and extension can therefore occur independently of completion of the developmental transition of germination. The cell cycle regulator KRP6 partially represses GA-dependent activation of the cell cycle. Germination of krp6 mutant seeds occurs more rapidly, is slightly insensitive to ABA in dose-response assays, but also hypersensitive to the GA synthesis inhibitor PAC. These conflicting phenotypes suggest the cell cycle uncouples GA and ABA responses in germinating Arabidopsis seeds, and that KRP6 acts downstream of GA to inhibit mitotic cell cycle activation during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen Nieuwland
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.,School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Stamm
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Wen
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - Ricardo S Randall
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - James A H Murray
- School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK
| | - George W Bassel
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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Wang H, Liu C, Cheng J, Liu J, Zhang L, He C, Shen WH, Jin H, Xu L, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis Flower and Embryo Developmental Genes are Repressed in Seedlings by Different Combinations of Polycomb Group Proteins in Association with Distinct Sets of Cis-regulatory Elements. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005771. [PMID: 26760036 PMCID: PMC4711971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) play crucial roles in transcriptional repression and developmental regulation in both plants and animals. In plants, depletion of different members of PRCs causes both overlapping and unique phenotypic defects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism determining the target specificity and functional diversity is not sufficiently characterized. Here, we quantitatively compared changes of tri-methylation at H3K27 in Arabidopsis mutants deprived of various key PRC components. We show that CURLY LEAF (CLF), a major catalytic subunit of PRC2, coordinates with different members of PRC1 in suppression of distinct plant developmental programs. We found that expression of flower development genes is repressed in seedlings preferentially via non-redundant role of CLF, which specifically associated with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 (LHP1). In contrast, expression of embryo development genes is repressed by PRC1-catalytic core subunits AtBMI1 and AtRING1 in common with PRC2-catalytic enzymes CLF or SWINGER (SWN). This context-dependent role of CLF corresponds well with the change in H3K27me3 profiles, and is remarkably associated with differential co-occupancy of binding motifs of transcription factors (TFs), including MADS box and ABA-related factors. We propose that different combinations of PRC members distinctively regulate different developmental programs, and their target specificity is modulated by specific TFs. Polycomb group proteins (PcGs) are essential for development in both animals and plants. Studies in plants are advantageous for elucidation of specific effects of PcGs during development, since most PcG mutants are viable in plants but not in animals. Previous efforts in genetic study of plant PcGs revealed that different PcGs have both common and unique effects on plant development, but the mechanisms underlying the specific regulation of different developmental programs by PcGs are still far from clear. In this study, we quantitatively compared the change in H3K27me3 and gene expression profiles between mutants of key PcG members on a genome-wide scale in Arabidopsis seedlings, and successfully unraveled different developmental programs that are specifically regulated by different combinations of PcGs. This context specific effect of PcGs is closely associated with different sets of transcription factor binding motifs. Together, we revealed on a genome-wide scale that different combinations of PcGs, as well as their association with the binding sites of different TFs, serve to explain the specific regulation of different developmental programs by PcGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfei Cheng
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongsheng He
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Hui Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, International Associated Laboratory of CNRS-Fudan-HUNAU on Plant Epigenome Research, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, UPR2357 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HJ); (LX); (YZ)
| | - Lin Xu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HJ); (LX); (YZ)
| | - Yijing Zhang
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (HJ); (LX); (YZ)
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Lee HG, Lee K, Seo PJ. The Arabidopsis MYB96 transcription factor plays a role in seed dormancy. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 87:371-81. [PMID: 25616734 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-015-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed dormancy facilitates to endure environmental disadvantages by confining embryonic growth until the seeds encounter favorable environmental conditions for germination. Abscisic acid (ABA) and gibberellic acid (GA) play a pivotal role in the determination of the seed dormancy state. ABA establishes seed dormancy, while GA triggers seed germination. Here, we demonstrate that MYB96 contributes to the fine-tuning of seed dormancy regulation through the coordination of ABA and GA metabolism. The MYB96-deficient myb96-1 seeds germinated earlier than wild-type seeds, whereas delayed germination was observed in the activation-tagging myb96-1D seeds. The differences in germination rate disappeared after stratification or after-ripening. The MYB96 transcription factor positively regulates ABA biosynthesis genes 9-CIS-EPOXYCAROTENOID DIOXYGENASE 2 (NCED2), NCED5, NCED6, and NCED9, and also affects GA biosynthetic genes GA3ox1 and GA20ox1. Notably, MYB96 directly binds to the promoters of NCED2 and NCED6, primarily modulating ABA biosynthesis, which subsequently influences GA metabolism. In agreement with this, hyperdormancy of myb96-1D seeds was recovered by an ABA biosynthesis inhibitor fluridone, while hypodormancy of myb96-1 seeds was suppressed by a GA biosynthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (PAC). Taken together, the metabolic balance of ABA and GA underlies MYB96 control of primary seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Gil Lee
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
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Yamamoto A, Yoshii M, Murase S, Fujita M, Kurata N, Hobo T, Kagaya Y, Takeda S, Hattori T. Cell-by-Cell Developmental Transition from Embryo to Post-Germination Phase Revealed by Heterochronic Gene Expression and ER-Body Formation in Arabidopsis leafy cotyledon Mutants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 55:2112-25. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Maize and millet transcription factors annotated using comparative genomic and transcriptomic data. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:818. [PMID: 25261191 PMCID: PMC4189582 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transcription factors (TFs) contain DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and regulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences. In addition, there are proteins, called transcription coregulators (TCs), which lack DBDs but can alter gene expression through interaction with TFs or RNA Polymerase II. Therefore, it is interesting to identify and classify the TFs and TCs in a genome. In this study, maize (Zea mays) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica), two important species for the study of C4 photosynthesis and kranz anatomy, were selected. Result We conducted a comprehensive genome-wide annotation of TFs and TCs in maize B73 and in two strains of foxtail millet, Zhang gu and Yugu1, and classified them into families. To gain additional support for our predictions, we searched for their homologous genes in Arabidopsis or rice and studied their gene expression level using RNA-seq and microarray data. We identified many new TF and TC families in these two species, and described some evolutionary and functional aspects of the 9 new maize TF families. Moreover, we detected many pseudogenes and transposable elements in current databases. In addition, we examined tissue expression preferences of TF and TC families and identified tissue/condition-specific TFs and TCs in maize and millet. Finally, we identified potential C4-related TF and TC genes in maize and millet. Conclusions Our results significantly expand current TF and TC annotations in maize and millet. We provided supporting evidence for our annotation from genomic and gene expression data and identified TF and TC genes with tissue preference in expression. Our study may facilitate the study of regulation of gene expression, tissue morphogenesis, and C4 photosynthesis in maize and millet. The data we generated in this study are available at http://sites.google.com/site/jjlmmtf. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-818) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Seed maturation regulators are related to the control of seed dormancy in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). PLoS One 2014; 9:e107618. [PMID: 25211528 PMCID: PMC4161473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the regulation network of the seed maturation program controls the induction of seed dormancy. Wheat EST sequences showing homology with the master regulators of seed maturation, leafy cotyledon1 (LEC1), LEC2 and FUSCA3 (FUS3), were searched from databases and designated respectively as TaL1L (LEC1-LIKE), TaL2L (LEC2-LIKE), and TaFUS3. TaL1LA, TaL2LA and TaFUS3 mainly expressed in seeds or embryos, with the expression limited to the early stages of seed development. Results show that tissue-specific and developmental-stage-dependent expressions are similar to those of seed maturation regulators in Arabidopsis. In wheat cultivars, the expression level of TaL1LA is correlated significantly with the germination index (GI) of whole seeds at 40 days after pollination (DAP) (r = -0.83**). Expression levels of TaFUS3 and TaL2LA are significantly correlated respectively with GIs at 40 DAP and 50 DAP, except for dormant cultivars. No correlation was found between the expression level of TaVP1, orthologue of ABA insensitive3 (ABI3), and seed dormancy. Delay of germination1 (DOG1) was identified as a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for the regulation of seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Its promoter has RY motif, which is a target sequence of LEC2. Significant correlation was found between the expression of TaDOG1 and seed dormancy except for dormant cultivars. These results indicate that TaL1LA, TaL2LA, and TaFUS3 are wheat orthologues of seed maturation regulators. The expressions of these genes affect the level of seed dormancy. Furthermore, the pathways, which involve seed maturation regulators and TaDOG1, are important for regulating seed dormancy in wheat.
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Ryu H, Cho H, Bae W, Hwang I. Control of early seedling development by BES1/TPL/HDA19-mediated epigenetic regulation of ABI3. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4138. [PMID: 24938150 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed germination and young seedling establishment should be tightly regulated to maximize plant survival and thereby enable successful propagation. Plants have evolved developmental signalling networks to integrate environmental cues for proper control of these critical processes, in which brassinosteroids are known to attenuate ABA-mediated arrest of early seedling development; however, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains elusive. Here we reveal that a BES1/TPL/HDA19 repressor complex mediates the inhibitory action of brassinosteroids on ABA responses during early seedling development. BR-activated BES1 forms a transcriptional repressor complex with TPL-HDA19, which directly facilitates the histone deacetylation of ABI3 chromatin. This event leads to the transcriptional repression of ABI3 and consequently ABI5, major ABA signalling regulators in early seedling development. Our data reveal that the BR-activated BES1-TPL-HDA19 repressor complex controls epigenetic silencing of ABI3 and thereby suppresses the ABA signalling output during early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Ryu
- 1] Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea [2] Division of Agricultural Microbiology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, South Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Cho
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Wonsil Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
| | - Ildoo Hwang
- Department of Life Sciences, POSTECH Biotech Center, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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Ühlken C, Horvath B, Stadler R, Sauer N, Weingartner M. MAIN-LIKE1 is a crucial factor for correct cell division and differentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 78:107-20. [PMID: 24635680 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Plant development requires accurate coordination of gene expression, both in actively dividing meristematic cells and differentiated cells. Cell fate establishment and maintenance, among others, are mediated by chromatin organization complexes that determine the stable transcriptional states of specific cell types. Here, we focus on MAIN-LIKE1 (MAIL1), one of three homologs of MAINTENANCE OF MERISTEMS (MAIN), which form a plant-specific gene family in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that MAIL1 encodes a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein. A mail1 loss-of-function mutant developed short primary roots, in which the meristematic cells accumulated DNA double-strand breaks and underwent massive cell death. In addition, mail1 mutant showed also cell differentiation defects in root and shoot tissues, and developed disorganized callus-like structures. The genetic interaction between main and mail1 mutants suggests that they act in the same pathway, and that both are essential for maintaining correct cell division acitivity in meristematic cells, while MAIL1 has an additional function in differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ühlken
- Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie and Erlangen Center of Plant Science, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Tsai AYL, Gazzarrini S. Trehalose-6-phosphate and SnRK1 kinases in plant development and signaling: the emerging picture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:119. [PMID: 24744765 PMCID: PMC3978363 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates, or sugars, regulate various aspects of plant growth through modulation of cell division and expansion. Besides playing essential roles as sources of energy for growth and as structural components of cells, carbohydrates also regulate the timing of expression of developmental programs. The disaccharide trehalose is used as an energy source, as a storage and transport molecule for glucose, and as a stress-responsive compound important for cellular protection during stress in all kingdoms. Trehalose, however, is found in very low amounts in most plants, pointing to a signaling over metabolic role for this non-reducing disaccharide. In the last decade, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P), an intermediate in trehalose metabolism, has been shown to regulate embryonic and vegetative development, flowering time, meristem determinacy, and cell fate specification in plants. T6P acts as a global regulator of metabolism and transcription promoting plant growth and triggering developmental phase transitions in response to sugar availability. Among the T6P targets are members of the Sucrose-non-fermenting1-related kinase1 (SnRK1) family, which are sensors of energy availability and inhibit plant growth and development during metabolic stress to maintain energy homeostasis. In this review, we will discuss the opposite roles of the sugar metabolite T6P and the SnRK1 kinases in the regulation of developmental phase transitions in response to carbohydrate levels. We will focus on how these two global regulators of metabolic processes integrate environmental cues and interact with hormonal signaling pathways to modulate plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Wang Z, Chen M, Chen T, Xuan L, Li Z, Du X, Zhou L, Zhang G, Jiang L. TRANSPARENT TESTA2 regulates embryonic fatty acid biosynthesis by targeting FUSCA3 during the early developmental stage of Arabidopsis seeds. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 77:757-69. [PMID: 24397827 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
TRANSPARENT TESTA2 (TT2) regulates the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat of Arabidopsis. We recently found that TT2 also participates in inhibition of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis in the seed embryo. However, the mechanism by which TT2 suppresses the accumulation of seed FA remains unclear. In this study, we show that TT2 is expressed in embryos at an early developmental stage. TT2 is directly bound to the regulatory region of FUSCA3 (FUS3), and mediates the expression of numerous genes in the FA biosynthesis pathway. These genes include BCCP2, CAC2, MOD1 and KASII, which encode proteins involved in the initial steps of FA chain formation, FAD2 and FAD3, which are responsible for FA desaturation, and FAE1, which catalyzes very-long-chain FA elongation. Loss of function of TT2 results in reduced expression of GLABRA2 but does not cause a significant reduction in the mucilage attached to the seed coats, which competes with FA for photosynthates. TT2 is expressed in both maternal seed coats and embryonic tissues, but proanthocyanidins are only found in wild-type seed coats and not in embryonic tissues. The amount of proanthocyanidins in the seed coat is negatively correlated with the amount of FAs in the embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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AtCSP1 regulates germination timing promoted by low temperature. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:2186-92. [PMID: 23732703 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis gene trap line (GT606), which disrupted the AtCSP1 gene, exhibited an early germination phenotype that was affected by stratification treatment. Comparative analysis of GUS expression in seeds at the early germination stage, with or without stratification, demonstrated that AtCSP1 expression was affected by cold temperature. Evaluation of germination assays with varying concentrations of ABA or NaCl revealed a reduced sensitivity of the atcsp1 mutant to both ABA and NaCl. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that AtCSP1 affects early stages of seed germination subsequent to stratification treatment of seeds.
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Gao Y, Liu J, Zhang Z, Sun X, Zhang N, Fan J, Niu X, Xiao F, Liu Y. Functional characterization of two alternatively spliced transcripts of tomato ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3) gene. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 82:131-45. [PMID: 23504452 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-013-0044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing can produce transcripts that encode proteins with altered functions. The transcripts of the ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3)/VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) gene, which is an important component in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, are subjected to alternative splicing in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. We identified two alternatively spliced tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) SlABI3 transcripts, SlABI3-F and SlABI3-T, which encode the nucleus-localized full-length and truncated proteins, respectively. The tissue-specific accumulation of SlABI3-F and SlABI3-T was determined, particularly in seeds at different developmental stages and in response to phytohormonal and abiotic stress. Ectopic over-expression of SlABI3-F and SlABI3-T resulted in the induction of seed-specific genes SlSOM, SlEM1 and SlEM6 in vegetative tissues. However, over-expression of SlABI3-F, but not SlABI3-T, activated expression of the downstream gene SlABI5 and conferred hypersensitivity to exogenous ABA during seed germination and primary root growth. In addition, the SlABI3-F protein interacted with SlABI5 much stronger than SlABI3-T did in the yeast two-hybrid assay. These results suggest that SlABI3-F and SlABI3-T have similar and distinct functionality in the ABA signaling, dependent on which tissue/organ they accumulate in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the "classical" plant hormones, i.e. discovered at least 50 years ago, that regulates many aspects of plant growth and development. This chapter reviews our current understanding of ABA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and signal transduction, emphasizing knowledge gained from studies of Arabidopsis. A combination of genetic, molecular and biochemical studies has identified nearly all of the enzymes involved in ABA metabolism, almost 200 loci regulating ABA response, and thousands of genes regulated by ABA in various contexts. Some of these regulators are implicated in cross-talk with other developmental, environmental or hormonal signals. Specific details of the ABA signaling mechanisms vary among tissues or developmental stages; these are discussed in the context of ABA effects on seed maturation, germination, seedling growth, vegetative stress responses, stomatal regulation, pathogen response, flowering, and senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Finkelstein
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 Address
- correspondence to e-mail:
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Zhou X, Yuan F, Wang M, Guo A, Zhang Y, Xie CG. Molecular characterization of an ABA insensitive 5 orthologue in Brassica oleracea. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 430:1140-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wang Z, Cao H, Sun Y, Li X, Chen F, Carles A, Li Y, Ding M, Zhang C, Deng X, Soppe WJ, Liu YX. Arabidopsis paired amphipathic helix proteins SNL1 and SNL2 redundantly regulate primary seed dormancy via abscisic acid-ethylene antagonism mediated by histone deacetylation. THE PLANT CELL 2013; 25:149-66. [PMID: 23371947 PMCID: PMC3584531 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.112.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone (de)acetylation is a highly conserved chromatin modification that is vital for development and growth. In this study, we identified a role in seed dormancy for two members of the histone deacetylation complex in Arabidopsis thaliana, SIN3-LIKE1 (SNL1) and SNL2. The double mutant snl1 snl2 shows reduced dormancy and hypersensitivity to the histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and diallyl disulfide compared with the wild type. SNL1 interacts with HISTONE DEACETYLASE19 in vitro and in planta, and loss-of-function mutants of SNL1 and SNL2 show increased acetylation levels of histone 3 lysine 9/18 (H3K9/18) and H3K14. Moreover, SNL1 and SNL2 regulate key genes involved in the ethylene and abscisic acid (ABA) pathways by decreasing their histone acetylation levels. Taken together, we showed that SNL1 and SNL2 regulate seed dormancy by mediating the ABA-ethylene antagonism in Arabidopsis. SNL1 and SNL2 could represent a cross-link point of the ABA and ethylene pathways in the regulation of seed dormancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yongzhen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Annaick Carles
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yong Li
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wim J.J. Soppe
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yong-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- Address correspondence to
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