1
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He H, Bell SM, Davis AK, Zhao S, Sridharan A, Na CL, Guo M, Xu Y, Snowball J, Swarr DT, Zacharias WJ, Whitsett JA. PRDM3/16 Regulate Chromatin Accessibility Required for NKX2-1 Mediated Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation and Function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.570481. [PMID: 38187557 PMCID: PMC10769259 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.570481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Differential chromatin accessibility accompanies and mediates transcriptional control of diverse cell fates and their differentiation during embryogenesis. While the critical role of NKX2-1 and its transcriptional targets in lung morphogenesis and pulmonary epithelial cell differentiation is increasingly known, mechanisms by which chromatin accessibility alters the epigenetic landscape and how NKX2-1 interacts with other co-activators required for alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and function are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the paired domain zinc finger transcriptional regulators PRDM3 and PRDM16 regulate chromatin accessibility to mediate cell differentiation decisions during lung morphogenesis. Combined deletion of Prdm3 and Prdm16 in early lung endoderm caused perinatal lethality due to respiratory failure from loss of AT2 cell function. Prdm3/16 deletion led to the accumulation of partially differentiated AT1 cells and loss of AT2 cells. Combination of single cell RNA-seq, bulk ATAC-seq, and CUT&RUN demonstrated that PRDM3 and PRDM16 enhanced chromatin accessibility at NKX2-1 transcriptional targets in peripheral epithelial cells, all three factors binding together at a multitude of cell-type specific cis-active DNA elements. Network analysis demonstrated that PRDM3/16 regulated genes critical for perinatal AT2 cell differentiation, surfactant homeostasis, and innate host defense. Lineage specific deletion of PRDM3/16 in AT2 cells led to lineage infidelity, with PRDM3/16 null cells acquiring partial AT1 fate. Together, these data demonstrate that NKX2-1-dependent regulation of alveolar epithelial cell differentiation is mediated by epigenomic modulation via PRDM3/16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua He
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Disease of Women and Children of MOE, West China Second University Hospital Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sheila M. Bell
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Ashley Kuenzi Davis
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Shuyang Zhao
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Cheng-Lun Na
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Yan Xu
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - John Snowball
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
| | - Daniel T. Swarr
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Perinatal Institute, Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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2
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Ahmed DW, Eiken MK, DePalma SJ, Helms AS, Zemans RL, Spence JR, Baker BM, Loebel C. Integrating mechanical cues with engineered platforms to explore cardiopulmonary development and disease. iScience 2023; 26:108472. [PMID: 38077130 PMCID: PMC10698280 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical forces provide critical biological signals to cells during healthy and aberrant organ development as well as during disease processes in adults. Within the cardiopulmonary system, mechanical forces, such as shear, compressive, and tensile forces, act across various length scales, and dysregulated forces are often a leading cause of disease initiation and progression such as in bronchopulmonary dysplasia and cardiomyopathies. Engineered in vitro models have supported studies of mechanical forces in a number of tissue and disease-specific contexts, thus enabling new mechanistic insights into cardiopulmonary development and disease. This review first provides fundamental examples where mechanical forces operate at multiple length scales to ensure precise lung and heart function. Next, we survey recent engineering platforms and tools that have provided new means to probe and modulate mechanical forces across in vitro and in vivo settings. Finally, the potential for interdisciplinary collaborations to inform novel therapeutic approaches for a number of cardiopulmonary diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia W. Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madeline K. Eiken
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Samuel J. DePalma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Adam S. Helms
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rachel L. Zemans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason R. Spence
- Department of Internal Medicine – Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brendon M. Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Claudia Loebel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Lurie Biomedical Engineering Building, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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3
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Breder-Bonk C, Docter D, Barz M, Strieth S, Knauer SK, Gül D, Stauber RH. The Apoptosis Inhibitor Protein Survivin Is a Critical Cytoprotective Resistor against Silica-Based Nanotoxicity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2546. [PMID: 37764575 PMCID: PMC10535920 DOI: 10.3390/nano13182546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to nanoparticles is inevitable as they become widely used in industry, cosmetics, and foods. However, knowledge of their (patho)physiological effects on biological entry routes of the human body and their underlying molecular mechanisms is still fragmented. Here, we examined the molecular effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) on cell lines mimicking the alveolar-capillary barrier of the lung. After state-of-the-art characterization of the used aSiNPs and the cell model, we performed cell viability-based assays and a protein analysis to determine the aSiNP-induced cell toxicity and underlying signaling mechanisms. We revealed that aSiNPs induce apoptosis in a dose-, time-, and size-dependent manner. aSiNP-induced toxicity involves the inhibition of pro-survival pathways, such as PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling, correlating with reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Survivin on the protein and transcriptional levels. Furthermore, induced Survivin overexpression mediated resistance against aSiNP-toxicity. Thus, we present the first experimental evidence suggesting Survivin as a critical cytoprotective resistor against silica-based nanotoxicity, which may also play a role in responses to other NPs. Although Survivin's relevance as a biomarker for nanotoxicity needs to be demonstrated in vivo, our data give general impetus to investigate the pharmacological modulation of Survivin`s functions to attenuate the harmful effects of acute or chronic inhalative NP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Breder-Bonk
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Dominic Docter
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Medical Center Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Shirley K. Knauer
- Center for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Department of Molecular Biology II, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany;
| | - Désirée Gül
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
| | - Roland H. Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101 Mainz, Germany; (D.D.); (R.H.S.)
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Surfactant Protein B Plasma Levels: Reliability as a Biomarker in COPD Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010124. [PMID: 36672632 PMCID: PMC9855771 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The diagnosis of COPD is based on both clinical signs and functional tests. Although there are different functional tests used to assess COPD, no reliable biomarkers able to provide information on pathogenesis and severity are available. The aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between surfactant protein B (Sp-B) serum levels and clinical, radiological, and functional pulmonary parameters in COPD patients. Methods: Forty COPD patients and twenty smokers without airflow limitations or respiratory symptoms were enrolled. Each patient was given questionnaires (CAT and mMRC) and 6MWT, spirometry, DLCO, and computer tomography (CT) were performed. All participants underwent a venous blood sample drawing, and quantitative detection of their Sp-B plasma levels was performed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The spirometry and Sp-B plasma levels were assessed after 12 months. Results: A statistically significant difference was found in the plasma Sp-B levels between COPD patients compared to the other group (4.72 + 3.2 ng/mL vs. 1.78 + 1.5 ng/mL; p < 0.001). The change in FEV1 after 12 months (Delta FEV1) showed a significantly negative correlation with respect to the change in Sp-B levels (Delta SpB) (r = −0.4; p < 0.05). This correlation indicates that increasing the plasma dosage of SpB is a foretoken of functional decline. Conclusions: SpB may be considered as a useful marker in COPD assessment and provides prognostic information on lung functional decline. Despite its usefulness, further studies are needed to define its reliability as a biomarker.
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5
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Lin Y, Wang D, Zeng Y. A Maverick Review of Common Stem/Progenitor Markers in Lung Development. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2629-2645. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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6
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Jia X, Huang J, Wu B, Yang M, Xu W. A Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Based on Differentially Expressed lncRNA in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice. Front Genet 2021; 12:745715. [PMID: 34917127 PMCID: PMC8669720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.745715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs have remarkable roles in acute lung injury (ALI) initiation. Nevertheless, the significance of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in ALI is still unknown. Herein, we purposed to identify potential key genes in ALI and create a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) modulatory network to uncover possible molecular mechanisms that affect lung injury. We generated a lipopolysaccharide-triggered ALI mouse model, whose lung tissue was subjected to RNA sequencing, and then we conducted bioinformatics analysis to select genes showing differential expression (DE) and to build a lncRNA-miRNA (microRNA)- mRNA (messenger RNA) modulatory network. Besides, GO along with KEGG assessments were conducted to identify major biological processes and pathways, respectively, involved in ALI. Then, RT-qPCR assay was employed to verify levels of major RNAs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was created using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database, and the hub genes were obtained with the Molecular Complex Detection plugin. Finally, a key ceRNA subnetwork was built from major genes and their docking sites. Overall, a total of 8,610 lncRNAs were identified in the normal and LPS groups. Based on the 308 DE lncRNAs [p-value < 0.05, |log2 (fold change) | > 1] and 3,357 DE mRNAs [p-value < 0.05, |log2 (fold change) | > 1], lncRNA-miRNA and miRNA-mRNA pairs were predicted using miRanda. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was created from 175 lncRNAs, 22 miRNAs, and 209 mRNAs in ALI. The RT-qPCR data keep in step with the RNA sequencing data. GO along with KEGG analyses illustrated that DE mRNAs in this network were mainly bound up with the inflammatory response, developmental process, cell differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the NF-kappa B, PI3K-Akt, HIF-1, MAPK, Jak-STAT, and Notch signaling pathways. A PPI network on the basis of the 209 genes was established, and three hub genes (Nkx2-1, Tbx2, and Atf5) were obtained from the network. Additionally, a lncRNA-miRNA-hub gene subnetwork was built from 15 lncRNAs, 3 miRNAs, and 3 mRNAs. Herein, novel ideas are presented to expand our knowledge on the regulation mechanisms of lncRNA-related ceRNAs in the pathogenesis of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhui Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Gokey JJ, Snowball J, Sridharan A, Sudha P, Kitzmiller JA, Xu Y, Whitsett JA. YAP regulates alveolar epithelial cell differentiation and AGER via NFIB/KLF5/NKX2-1. iScience 2021; 24:102967. [PMID: 34466790 PMCID: PMC8383002 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventilation is dependent upon pulmonary alveoli lined by two major epithelial cell types, alveolar type-1 (AT1) and 2 (AT2) cells. AT1 cells mediate gas exchange while AT2 cells synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactants and serve as progenitor cells which repair the alveoli. We developed transgenic mice in which YAP was activated or deleted to determine its roles in alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. Postnatal YAP activation increased epithelial cell proliferation, increased AT1 cell numbers, and caused indeterminate differentiation of subsets of alveolar cells expressing atypical genes normally restricted to airway epithelial cells. YAP deletion increased expression of genes associated with mature AT2 cells. YAP activation enhanced DNA accessibility in promoters of transcription factors and motif enrichment analysis predicted target genes associated with alveolar cell differentiation. YAP participated with KLF5, NFIB, and NKX2-1 to regulate AGER. YAP plays a central role in a transcriptional network that regulates alveolar epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John Snowball
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Anusha Sridharan
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Parvathi Sudha
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Joseph A. Kitzmiller
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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8
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Antounians L, Catania VD, Montalva L, Liu BD, Hou H, Chan C, Matei AC, Tzanetakis A, Li B, Figueira RL, da Costa KM, Wong AP, Mitchell R, David AL, Patel K, De Coppi P, Sbragia L, Wilson MD, Rossant J, Zani A. Fetal lung underdevelopment is rescued by administration of amniotic fluid stem cell extracellular vesicles in rodents. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/590/eaax5941. [PMID: 33883273 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax5941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fetal lung underdevelopment, also known as pulmonary hypoplasia, is characterized by decreased lung growth and maturation. The most common birth defect found in babies with pulmonary hypoplasia is congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Despite research and clinical advances, babies with CDH still have high morbidity and mortality rates, which are directly related to the severity of lung underdevelopment. To date, there is no effective treatment that promotes fetal lung growth and maturation. Here, we describe a stem cell-based approach in rodents that enhances fetal lung development via the administration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs). Using fetal rodent models of pulmonary hypoplasia (primary epithelial cells, organoids, explants, and in vivo), we demonstrated that AFSC-EV administration promoted branching morphogenesis and alveolarization, rescued tissue homeostasis, and stimulated epithelial cell and fibroblast differentiation. We confirmed this regenerative ability in in vitro models of lung injury using human material, where human AFSC-EVs obtained following good manufacturing practices restored pulmonary epithelial homeostasis. Investigating EV mechanism of action, we found that AFSC-EV beneficial effects were exerted via the release of RNA cargo. MicroRNAs regulating the expression of genes involved in lung development, such as the miR17-92 cluster and its paralogs, were highly enriched in AFSC-EVs and were increased in AFSC-EV-treated primary lung epithelial cells compared to untreated cells. Our findings suggest that AFSC-EVs hold regenerative ability for underdeveloped fetal lungs, demonstrating potential for therapeutic application in patients with pulmonary hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Antounians
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Vincenzo D Catania
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Louise Montalva
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Benjamin D Liu
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Huayun Hou
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Cadia Chan
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Andreea C Matei
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Areti Tzanetakis
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Bo Li
- Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Translational Medicine Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Rebeca L Figueira
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paolo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Karina M da Costa
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paolo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Amy P Wong
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Anna L David
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London WC1E 6HU, UK.,NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London W1T 7HA, UK
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.,FRIAS Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Section, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College of London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and Specialist Neonatal and Paediatric Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lourenço Sbragia
- Laboratory of Experimental Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paolo, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Michael D Wilson
- Genetics and Genome Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Janet Rossant
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Augusto Zani
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada. .,Division of General and Thoracic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1P5, Canada
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9
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Sato Y, Tanino Y, Nikaido T, Togawa R, Kawamata T, Wang X, Fukuhara N, Tomita H, Saito M, Watanabe N, Rikimaru M, Umeda T, Morimoto J, Koizumi T, Suzuki Y, Hirai K, Uematsu M, Minemura H, Fukuhara A, Sato S, Saito J, Kanazawa K, Shibata Y. Clinical significance of thyroid hormone and antibodies in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:522-537. [PMID: 32274118 PMCID: PMC7139094 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Hypothyroidism was recently reported to be common and to predict mortality in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In addition, a high prevalence of hypothyroidism was shown in patients with idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. However, in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), a clinical significance of thyroid function has not been clarified in detail. The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of thyroid function and the presence of thyroid antibodies in IIP. Methods We have reviewed IIP patients, and analyzed the positivity of thyroid antibodies at first. Next, the relationship of clinical characteristics with thyroid function and the positivity of thyroid antibodies was analyzed. Lastly, the positivity of thyroid antibodies and other autoantibodies was evaluated. Results In IIP patients, thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase antibodies were positive in 17 and 16%, respectively, and 22% of patients had either or both antibodies. Subclinical and/or overt hypothyroidism was confirmed in 7% of IIP patients. The free thyrotropin level had a significant positive correlation with vital capacity and a significant negative correlation with the C-reactive protein and surfactant protein-A levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation ratio (ESR). In addition, autoantibodies suggestive of connective tissue diseases (CTDs) were positive in more than two thirds of IIP patients with the thyroid antibody, and the positive rate of antinuclear and proteinase-3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies was significantly higher in IIP patients with thyroid antibodies than those without the antibodies. Conclusions Although thyroid dysfunction is not frequent, thyroid hormones and thyroid antibodies are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of IIP and their evaluation may be clinically useful to identify the clinical phenotype of IIP with autoimmune features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takefumi Nikaido
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Togawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takaya Kawamata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Xintao Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Naoko Fukuhara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hikaru Tomita
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mikako Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Natsumi Watanabe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Mami Rikimaru
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Umeda
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Julia Morimoto
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Koizumi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Suzuki
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Hirai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Manabu Uematsu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minemura
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Atsuro Fukuhara
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Suguru Sato
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Junpei Saito
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kenya Kanazawa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Shibata
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
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10
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Godfrey A, Hooser B, Abdelmoneim A, Sepúlveda MS. Sex-specific endocrine-disrupting effects of three halogenated chemicals in Japanese medaka. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1215-1223. [PMID: 31066087 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several halogenated chemicals are found in an array of products that can cause endocrine disruption. Human studies have shown that endocrine responses are sex specific, with females more likely to develop hypothyroidism and males more likely to have reproductive impairment. The objective of this study was to assess sex differences on thyroid and estrogenic effects after exposure of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes, SK2MC) to halogenated compounds. This strain is an excellent model for these studies as sex can be determined non-destructively a few hours postfertilization. Medaka embryos were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP, 0.019 mg/L), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA, 4.7 mg/L) and its next generation alternative, perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA, 137 mg/L). Methimazole (inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis) and the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine served as reference controls. Fish were exposed throughout embryo development until 10 days postfertilization. Females displayed significantly larger swim bladders (which are under thyroid hormone control) after exposure to all chemicals with the exception of triiodothyronine, which caused the opposite effect. Females exposed to TDCPP and PFOA had increased expression of vitellogenin and exposure to PFOA upregulated expression of multiple thyroid-related genes. Upregulation of estrogenic-regulated genes after exposure to TDCPP, PFOA and methimazole was only observed in males. Overall, our results suggest that females and males show an estrogenic response when exposed to these halogenated chemicals and that females appear more susceptible to thyroid-induced swim bladder dysfunction compared with males. These results further confirm the importance of considering sex effects when assessing the toxicity of endocrine-disrupting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Godfrey
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Blair Hooser
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Ahmed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Department of Veterinary Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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11
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Liu J, Dong S, Li L, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhao Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW1 targets thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1/NKX2.1) for its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cell Signal 2019; 58:91-98. [PMID: 30849519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1/NKX2.1), is a nuclear protein member of the NKX2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It plays a critical role in regulation of multiple organ functions by promoting gene expression, such as thyroid hormone in thyroid and surfactant proteins in the lung. However, molecular regulation of TTF1 has not been well investigated, especially regarding its protein degradation. Here we show that protein kinase C agonist, phorbol esters (PMA), reduces TTF1 protein levels in time- and dose-dependent manners, without altering TTF1 mRNA levels. TTF1 is ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome in response to PMA, suggesting that PMA induces TTF1 degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, named HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECW1), targets TTF1 for its ubiquitination and degradation, while downregulation of HECW1 attenuates PMA-induced TTF1 ubiquitination and degradation. A lysine residue lys151 was identified as the ubiquitin acceptor site within the TTF1. A lys151 to arginine mutant of TTF1 (TTF1K151R) is resistant to PMA- or HECW1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Further, we reveal that overexpression of TTF1 increases lung epithelial cell migration and proliferation, while the effects are reversed by HECW1. This study is the first to demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW1 regulates TTF1 degradation by site-specific ubiquitination. This study will provide a new direction to clarify the molecular regulation of TTF1 in lung and its role in lung epithelial remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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12
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D'Almeida O, Mothar O, Bondzie EA, Lieumo Y, Tagne L, Gupta S, Volkert T, Levine S, Tagne JB. Encapsulated miR-200c and Nkx2.1 in a nuclear/mitochondria transcriptional regulatory network of non-metastatic and metastatic lung cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:136. [PMID: 30744585 PMCID: PMC6371494 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5337-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules of ~ 22 nucleotides with diagnostic and therapeutic action [Curr Drug Targets, 2015. 16(12): p. 1381-403], affecting the expression of mRNAs involved in invasion, migration, and development [Oncotarget, 2015. 6(9): p. 6472-98, Cancer Manag Res, 2014. 6: p. 205-16]. miR-200c is part of the miR-200c/141 cluster on chromosome 12p13. Its mechanism of action when encapsulated is critical in lung cancer when patients express changes in miRNAs. miR-200c be a potential biomarkers for various lung diseases. As a potential therapy, miR-200c can impacts lives as target lung cancer is a leading cause of death with about 234,000 cases annually, high heterogeneity, complex screening, and a 5-year survival rate of 16% [CA Cancer J Clin, 2016.66(1): p. 7-30]. Encapsulated miR-200c efficiently enhances bioavailability, pharmacokinetics of therapeutics and targeting to cells, improves efficacy and provides potential cure. METHODS The functions of miR-200c were determined in non-metastatic KW-634 and metastatic 821-T4 and 821-LN mouse lung cancer cell lines after various Nano vehicle treatments. Viability and cytotoxicity were determined by cell cycle and quantitative real-time PCR analyses were used to quantify levels of miR-200c and its target genes. In situ hybridization was used to visualize patterns of expression of miR-200c and others in the lung and many organs. Next-generation sequencing accession number GSE125000, invasion and migration assays using transwell chambers, and ActivSignal were used to elucidate the activation and inhibition profiles and perform direct expression measurements and modification of cellular components. RESULTS Due to their effectiveness as intracellular vesicles transporting miR-200c into, out, and between parts of the cells, miR-200c is encapsulated with cholesterol, an integral part of the biological membranes with very important physical properties of the vehicle. Nano miR-200c showed efficient cellular uptake in KW-634, 821-T4, and 821-LN cells with important changes in gene expression and new isoforms. In KW-634, when treated with encapsulated miR-200c and compare to the non-encapsulated control; miR-29b increased by 5261-fold, and in 821-T4/LN, miR-1247 increased by 150-fold. Conversely, miR-1247 and miR-675 decreased by 348 and 1029.5-fold, respectively. miR-189 decreased by 34-fold in treated 821-T4 cells. A reduction of growth was observed only after 48 h of treatment with Nano miR-200c. Moreover, labeling the vehicle with carboxy-fluorescein showed that the encapsulated particles enter the nucleus and mitochondria. Encapsulated miR-200c by entering the cells, the nucleus and mitochondria, trigger changes in cell cycle phases with 4 up to 12 fold percentage in G2 and S phase respectively compare to miR-200c. Endogenous expression of Nkx2.1, miR-200c, and their targets Myb, Nfib, Six4 and Six1 showed an inverse correlation, as observed in development. CONCLUSIONS Little is known about miR-200c involvement in regulatory processes. Nano miR-200c affects invasion and migration mechanisms. The expression of encapsulated miR-200c contributes to the inhibition/activation of Kras, EMT, Hippo, regulatory pathways and blockers of metastasis. Delivery of miR-200c increases the expression of miR-29b, an EMY regulator, and miR-1247, an inhibitor of cancer genes, both tumor suppressors involved in lung metastasis. Encapsulated miR-200c act on different proteins that regulates cell cycle pathways. These findings represent a part of a regulatory network providing new insights towards improvement of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga D'Almeida
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.,Faculté de Pharmacie, Université D'Auvergne, Clermont Ferrand, France
| | - Omar Mothar
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Esther Apraku Bondzie
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Yolande Lieumo
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Laure Tagne
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR), Nine Cambridge Center Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Volkert
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR), Nine Cambridge Center Cambridge, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Stuart Levine
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jean-Bosco Tagne
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), East Concord Street R304, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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13
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TTF-1/Nkx2.1 functional connection with mutated EGFR relies on LRIG1 and β-catenin pathways in lung cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:1027-1031. [PMID: 30314701 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In non-small lung cancer, the expression of the transcription factor TTF-1/Nkx2.1 correlates with the presence of EGFR mutations, therefore TTF-1/Nkx2.1 expression is used to optimize an EGFR testing strategy and to guide clinical treatment. We investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the functional connection between EGFR and TTF-1/Nkx2.1 gene expression in lung adenocarcinoma. Using the H1975 cell line as a non-small cell lung cancer model system and short hairpin RNA, we have selected clones with TTF-1/Nkx2.1 silenced expression. We have found that Leucine-rich immunoglobulin repeats-1 (LRIG1) gene is a direct target of TTF-1/Nkx2.1 and the transcription factor binding to the LRIG1 genomic sequence inhibits its gene expression. In TTF-1/Nkx2.1 depleted clones, we have found high levels of LRIG1 and decreased presence of EGFR protein. Furthermore, in TTF-1/Nkx2.1 depleted clones we detected a reduced β-catenin level and we provide experimental evidence indicating that TTF-1/Nkx2.1 gene expression is regulated by β-catenin. Published studies indicate that LRIG1 triggers EGFR degradation and that mutated EGFR induces β-catenin activity. Hence, with the present study we show that mutated EGFR, enhancing β-catenin, stimulates TTF-1/Nkx2.1 gene expression and, at the same time, TTF-1/Nkx2.1, down-regulating LRIG1, sustains EGFR pathway. Therefore, LRIG1 and β-catenin mediate the functional connection between TTF-1/Nkx2.1 and mutated EGFR.
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14
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Du J, Ba L, Li B, Liu F, Hu X, Zhang J, Liu Y, Xian J, Liu S, Li H. Distinct expression of NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) and goblet cell hyperplasia in nasal polyps with different endotypes. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2017; 7:690-698. [PMID: 28318118 DOI: 10.1002/alr.21932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased expression of airway epithelial-specific transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1) was associated with allergic inflammation in asthma patients. However, the expression and role of NKX2-1 in nasal polyps (NPs) with different endotypes were undefined yet. METHODS We examined the expression of key cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4 IL-5, IL-13, and IL-17A, etc.) and NKX2-1 in NPs with different endotypes and control tissues by immunohistochemistry staining, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis. RESULTS We found 23% of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with NP (CRSwNP) patients had IL-5+ eosinophilic NPs, 40.7% of NPs were key cytokines negative NPs (KCN NPs) with less eosinophil accumulation. The expression of NKX2-1 in IL-5+ NPs was significantly lower than KCN NPs and normal controls (p < 0.05). The expression of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) and MUC5B, as well as goblet cells hyperplasia, were significantly elevated in IL-5+ NPs, which correlated with the decreased expression of NKX2-1 (p < 0.05). Moreover, "SAM pointed domain containing ETS transcription factor" (SPDEF) was significantly elevated, while expression of Forkhead Box A2 (FoxA2) was significantly decreased in IL-5+ NPs (p < 0.05). The expression of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 17 (CCL17) and IL-4 was significantly increased in IL-5+ NPs, which was associated with eosinophil accumulation(p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The downregulation of NKX2-1 in IL-5+ NPs may be associated with tissue eosinophilia and goblet cells hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Du
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Luo Ba
- Department of Otolaryngology, People's Hospital of the Tibet Autonomous Region, Lasha, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianting Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junming Xian
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sixi Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Horino T, Ichii O, Hamada-Ode K, Matsumoto T, Shimamura Y, Inoue K, Terada Y. Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma: A case report. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:693-696. [PMID: 28105348 PMCID: PMC5228490 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-like low-grade nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma (TL-LGNPPA) is a rare neoplasm characterized by morphological analogy to papillary thyroid carcinoma and abnormal expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1). We herein report a rare case of TL-LGNPPA with a review of its clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics. The patient was a 25-year-old Japanese woman complaining of a 2-year history of fever of unknown origin. There were no remarkable physical findings and the laboratory tests, including C-reactive protein levels, were normal. Laryngoscopy, magnetic resonance imaging and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography identified a pedunculated mass at the roof of the nasopharynx. Histologically, the tumour exhibited papillary growth of cuboidal or columnar epithelium. Tubular architecture and a spindle cell component were also observed focally. Some tumour cells exhibited intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for TTF-1, cytokeratin 7 and vimentin, but were negative for thyroglobulin. The Ki-67 labelling index (MIB-1 index) reached 5% in the most concentrated spot. The patient had neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis 3 years after removal of the tumour. In conclusion, TL-LGNPPA should be included it in the differential diagnosis of fever of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Horino
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazu Hamada-Ode
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Matsumoto
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Shimamura
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Inoue
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Yoshio Terada
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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16
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Guo M, Wang H, Potter SS, Whitsett JA, Xu Y. SINCERA: A Pipeline for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Profiling Analysis. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004575. [PMID: 26600239 PMCID: PMC4658017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in developmental biology is to understand the genetic and cellular processes/programs driving organ formation and differentiation of the diverse cell types that comprise the embryo. While recent studies using single cell transcriptome analysis illustrate the power to measure and understand cellular heterogeneity in complex biological systems, processing large amounts of RNA-seq data from heterogeneous cell populations creates the need for readily accessible tools for the analysis of single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles. The present study presents a generally applicable analytic pipeline (SINCERA: a computational pipeline for SINgle CEll RNA-seq profiling Analysis) for processing scRNA-seq data from a whole organ or sorted cells. The pipeline supports the analysis for: 1) the distinction and identification of major cell types; 2) the identification of cell type specific gene signatures; and 3) the determination of driving forces of given cell types. We applied this pipeline to the RNA-seq analysis of single cells isolated from embryonic mouse lung at E16.5. Through the pipeline analysis, we distinguished major cell types of fetal mouse lung, including epithelial, endothelial, smooth muscle, pericyte, and fibroblast-like cell types, and identified cell type specific gene signatures, bioprocesses, and key regulators. SINCERA is implemented in R, licensed under the GNU General Public License v3, and freely available from CCHMC PBGE website, https://research.cchmc.org/pbge/sincera.html.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhe Guo
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Hui Wang
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - S. Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yan Xu
- The Perinatal Institute, Section of Neonatology, Perinatal and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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17
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Oldham JM, Kumar D, Lee C, Patel SB, Takahashi-Manns S, Demchuk C, Strek ME, Noth I. Thyroid Disease Is Prevalent and Predicts Survival in Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Chest 2015; 148:692-700. [PMID: 25811599 PMCID: PMC4556122 DOI: 10.1378/chest.14-2714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant minority of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) display features of autoimmunity without meeting the criteria for overt connective tissue disease. A link between IPF and other immune-mediated processes, such as hypothyroidism (HT), has not been reported. In this investigation, we aimed to determine whether HT is associated with IPF and if outcomes differ between patients with IPF with and without HT. METHODS A retrospective case-control analysis was conducted. Of 311 patients referred to the University of Chicago Interstitial Lung Disease Center with an initial diagnosis of IPF, 196 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. Each case was matched 1:1 by age, sex, and race to a control subject with COPD. RESULTS HT was identified in 16.8% of cases and 7.1% of control subjects (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.31-5.54; P = .01). Among patients with IPF, HT was associated with reduced survival time (P < .001) and was found to be an independent predictor of mortality in multivariable Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.31-3.43; P = .002). A secondary analysis of two IPF clinical trial datasets supports these findings. CONCLUSIONS HT is common among patients with IPF, with a higher prevalence than in those with COPD and the general population. The presence of HT also predicts mortality in IPF, a finding that may improve future prognostication models. More research is needed to determine the biologic link between IPF and HT and how the presence of thyroid disease may influence disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Oldham
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Disha Kumar
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Cathryn Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shruti B Patel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Carley Demchuk
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mary E Strek
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Imre Noth
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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18
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Leung JM, Mayo J, Tan W, Tammemagi CM, Liu G, Peacock S, Shepherd FA, Goffin J, Goss G, Nicholas G, Tremblay A, Johnston M, Martel S, Laberge F, Bhatia R, Roberts H, Burrowes P, Manos D, Stewart L, Seely JM, Gingras M, Pasian S, Tsao MS, Lam S, Sin DD. Plasma pro-surfactant protein B and lung function decline in smokers. Eur Respir J 2015; 45:1037-45. [PMID: 25614175 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00184214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Plasma pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) levels have recently been shown to predict the development of lung cancer in current and ex-smokers, but the ability of pro-SFTPB to predict measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) severity is unknown. We evaluated the performance characteristics of pro-SFTPB as a biomarker of lung function decline in a population of current and ex-smokers. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2503 current and ex-smokers enrolled in the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study. Linear regression was performed to determine the relationship of pro-SFTPB levels to changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over a 2-year period as well as to baseline FEV1 and the burden of emphysema observed in computed tomography (CT) scans. Plasma pro-SFTPB levels were inversely related to both FEV1 % predicted (p=0.024) and FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.001), and were positively related to the burden of emphysema on CT scans (p<0.001). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels were also associated with a more rapid decline in FEV1 at 1 year (p=0.024) and over 2 years of follow-up (p=0.004). Higher plasma pro-SFTPB levels are associated with increased severity of airflow limitation and accelerated decline in lung function. Pro-SFTPB is a promising biomarker for COPD severity and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Leung
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John Mayo
- Dept of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Wan Tan
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - C Martin Tammemagi
- Dept of Community Health Sciences, Brock University, St Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Liu
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stuart Peacock
- The Canadian Centre for Applied Research in Cancer Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Frances A Shepherd
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - John Goffin
- The Juravinsky Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Alain Tremblay
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Johnston
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Martel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francis Laberge
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Roberts
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Burrowes
- University of Calgary, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daria Manos
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lori Stewart
- Dept of Diagnostic Imaging, Henderson Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Michel Gingras
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sergio Pasian
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute, and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen Lam
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada The British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Don D Sin
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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19
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Lee MR, Shim D, Yoon J, Jang HS, Oh SW, Suh SH, Choi JH, Oh GT. Retnla overexpression attenuates allergic inflammation of the airway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112666. [PMID: 25415454 PMCID: PMC4240542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistin-like molecule alpha (Retnla), also known as ‘Found in inflammatory zone 1’, is a secreted protein that has been found in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice and plays a role as a regulator of T helper (Th)2-driven inflammation. However, the role of Retnla in the progress of Th2-driven airway inflammation is not yet clear. To better understand the function of Retnla in Th2-driven airway inflammation, we generated Retnla-overexpressing (Retnla-Tg) mice. Retnla-Tg mice showed increased expression of Retnla protein in BAL fluid and airway epithelial cells. Retnla overexpression itself did not induce any alteration in lung histology or lung function compared to non-Tg controls. However, OVA-sensitized/challenged Retnla-Tg mice had decreased numbers of cells in BAL and inflammatory cells accumulating in the lung. They also showed a reduction in mucus production in the airway epithelium, concomitant with a decreased Muc5ac level. These results were accompanied by reduced levels of Th2 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, with no effect on levels of OVA-specific immunoglobulin isotypes. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK was markedly reduced in the lungs of OVA-challenged Retnla-Tg mice. Taken together, these results indicates that Retnla protects against Th2-mediated inflammation in an experimental mouse model of asthma, suggesting that therapeutic approaches to enhance the production of Retnla or Retnla-like molecules could be valuable for preventing allergic lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahee Shim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Seok Jang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Oh
- Yuhan Research Institute, Yuhan Corporation, Gongse-Dong, Giheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Hyo Suh
- Department of Physiology Medical School, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Choi
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHC); (GTO)
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JHC); (GTO)
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20
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Greer RM, Miller JD, Okoh VO, Halloran BA, Prince LS. Epithelial-mesenchymal co-culture model for studying alveolar morphogenesis. Organogenesis 2014; 10:340-9. [PMID: 25482312 DOI: 10.4161/org.29198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Division of large, immature alveolar structures into smaller, more numerous alveoli increases the surface area available for gas exchange. Alveolar division requires precise epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. However, few experimental models exist for studying how these cell-cell interactions produce changes in 3-dimensional structure. Here we report an epithelial-mesenchymal cell co-culture model where 3-dimensional peaks form with similar cellular orientation as alveolar structures in vivo. Co-culturing fetal mouse lung mesenchyme with A549 epithelial cells produced tall peaks of cells covered by epithelia with cores of mesenchymal cells. These structures did not form when using adult lung fibroblasts. Peak formation did not require localized areas of cell proliferation or apoptosis. Mesenchymal cells co-cultured with epithelia adopted an elongated cell morphology closely resembling myofibroblasts within alveolar septa in vivo. Because inflammation inhibits alveolar formation, we tested the effects of E. coli lipopolysaccharide on 3-dimensional peak formation. Confocal and time-lapse imaging demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide reduced mesenchymal cell migration, resulting in fewer, shorter peaks with mesenchymal cells present predominantly at the base. This epithelial-mesenchymal co-culture model may therefore prove useful in future studies of mechanisms regulating alveolar morphogenesis.
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Key Words
- 3-D, 3-dimensional
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- BALB/cJ, Bagg Albino
- BMP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4
- CO2, carbon dioxide
- DAPI, 4′, 6-Diamidino-2-Phenylindole, Dihydrochloride
- DEVD, acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp p-nitroanilide
- DMEM, Dulbecco's modified eagle medium
- DiI, 1, 1′-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3′3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate
- E-cad, e-cadherin
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- E15, embryonic day 15
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- SHH, sonic hedgehog
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TO-PRO-3, 4-[3-(3-methyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidene)-1-propenyl]-1-[3-(trimethylammonio)propyl]-, diiodide
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- Z-VAD-FMK, Z-Val-Ala-Asp-CH2F
- alveolarization
- bronchopulmonary dysplasia
- lung development
- myofibroblast
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M Greer
- a Department of Pediatrics ; University of California San Diego; Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego ; San Diego , CA USA
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21
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Floen MJ, Forred BJ, Bloom EJ, Vitiello PF. Thioredoxin-1 redox signaling regulates cell survival in response to hyperoxia. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 75:167-77. [PMID: 25106706 PMCID: PMC4174305 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The most common form of newborn chronic lung disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), is thought to be caused by oxidative disruption of lung morphogenesis, which results in decreased pulmonary vasculature and alveolar simplification. Although cellular redox status is known to regulate cellular proliferation and differentiation, redox-sensitive pathways associated with these processes in developing pulmonary epithelium are unknown. Redox-sensitive pathways are commonly regulated by cysteine thiol modifications. Therefore two thiol oxidoreductase systems, thioredoxin and glutathione, were chosen to elucidate the roles of these pathways on cell death. Studies herein indicate that thiol oxidation contributes to cell death through impaired activity of glutathione-dependent and thioredoxin (Trx) systems and altered signaling through redox-sensitive pathways. Free thiol content decreased by 71% with hyperoxic (95% oxygen) exposure. Increased cell death was observed during oxygen exposure when either the Trx or the glutathione-dependent system was pharmacologically inhibited with aurothioglucose (ATG) or buthionine sulfoximine, respectively. However, inhibition of the Trx system yielded the smallest decrease in free thiol content (1.44% with ATG treatment vs 21.33% with BSO treatment). Although Trx1 protein levels were unchanged, Trx1 function was impaired during hyperoxic treatment as indicated by progressive cysteine oxidation. Overexpression of Trx1 in H1299 cells utilizing an inducible construct increased cell survival during hyperoxia, whereas siRNA knockdown of Trx1 during oxygen treatment reduced cell viability. Overall, this indicated that a comparatively small pool of proteins relies on Trx redox functions to mediate cell survival in hyperoxia, and the protective functions of Trx1 are progressively lost by its oxidative inhibition. To further elucidate the role of Trx1, potential Trx1 redox protein-protein interactions mediating cytoprotection and cell survival pathways were determined by utilizing a substrate trap (mass action trapping) proteomics approach. With this method, known Trx1 targets were detected, including peroxiredoxin-1as well as novel targets, including two HSP90 isoforms (HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1). Reactive cysteines within the structure of HSP90 are known to modulate its ATPase-dependent chaperone activity through disulfide formation and S-nitrosylation. Whereas HSP90 expression is unchanged at the protein level during hyperoxic exposure, siRNA knockdown significantly increased hyperoxic cell death by 2.5-fold, indicating cellular dependence on HSP90 chaperone functions in response to hyperoxic exposure. These data support the hypothesis that hyperoxic impairment of Trx1 has a negative impact on HSP90-oxidative responses critical to cell survival, with potential implications for pathways implicated in lung development and the pathogenesis of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Floen
- Basic Biomedical Sciences and The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA
| | - Benjamin J Forred
- Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Elliot J Bloom
- Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA
| | - Peter F Vitiello
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD 57105, USA; Children׳s Health Research Center, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD 57104, USA.
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22
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Sin DD, Tammemagi CM, Lam S, Barnett MJ, Duan X, Tam A, Auman H, Feng Z, Goodman GE, Hanash S, Taguchi A. Pro-surfactant protein B as a biomarker for lung cancer prediction. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31:4536-43. [PMID: 24248694 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.50.6105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Preliminary studies have identified pro-surfactant protein B (pro-SFTPB) to be a promising blood biomarker for non-small-cell lung cancer. We conducted a study to determine the independent predictive potential of pro-SFTPB in identifying individuals who are subsequently diagnosed with lung cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Pro-SFTPB levels were measured in 2,485 individuals, who enrolled onto the Pan-Canadian Early Detection of Lung Cancer Study by using plasma sample collected at the baseline visit. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the predictive ability of pro-SFTPB in addition to known lung cancer risk factors. Calibration and discrimination were evaluated, the latter by an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). External validation was performed with samples collected in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) participants using a case-control study design. RESULTS Adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, personal history of cancer, family history of lung cancer, forced expiratory volume in one second percent predicted, average number of cigarettes smoked per day, and smoking duration, pro-SFTPB (log transformed) had an odds ratio of 2.220 (95% CI, 1.727 to 2.853; P < .001). The AUCs of the full model with and without pro-SFTPB were 0.741 (95% CI, 0.696 to 0.783) and 0.669 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.717; difference in AUC P < .001). In the CARET Study, the use of pro-SFPTB yielded an AUC of 0.683 (95% CI, 0.604 to 0.761). CONCLUSION Pro-SFTPB in plasma is an independent predictor of lung cancer and may be a valuable addition to existing lung cancer risk prediction models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don D Sin
- Don D. Sin, Stephen Lam, and Anthony Tam, University of British Columbia; Don D. Sin and Anthony Tam, Institute of Heart and Lung Health, James Hogg Research Center, St. Paul's Hospital; Stephen Lam and Xiaobo Duan, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia; C. Martin Tammemagi, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada; Matt J. Barnett, Ziding Feng, and Gary E. Goodman, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Heidi Auman, Canary Foundation, Palo Alto, CA; and Ziding Feng, Samir Hanash, and Ayumu Taguchi, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Yamaguchi T, Hosono Y, Yanagisawa K, Takahashi T. NKX2-1/TTF-1: an enigmatic oncogene that functions as a double-edged sword for cancer cell survival and progression. Cancer Cell 2013; 23:718-23. [PMID: 23763999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2013.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that NKX2-1, a homeobox-containing transcription factor also known as TTF-1, plays a role as a "lineage-survival" oncogene in lung adenocarcinomas. In T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, gene rearrangements lead to aberrant expression of NKX2-1/TTF-1. Despite accumulating evidence supporting its oncogenic role, it has become apparent that NKX2-1/TTF-1 expression also has biological and clinical functions in the opposite direction that act against tumor progression. Herein, we review recent findings showing these enigmatic double-edged characteristics, with special attention given to the roles of NKX2-1/TTF-1 in lung development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamaguchi
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
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24
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Nettore IC, Mirra P, Ferrara AM, Sibilio A, Pagliara V, Kay CSK, Lorenzoni PJ, Werneck LC, Bruck I, Dos Santos LHC, Beguinot F, Salvatore D, Ungaro P, Fenzi G, Scola RH, Macchia PE. Identification and functional characterization of a novel mutation in the NKX2-1 gene: comparison with the data in the literature. Thyroid 2013; 23:675-82. [PMID: 23379327 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND NKX2-1 mutations have been described in several patients with primary congenital hypothyroidism, respiratory distress, and benign hereditary chorea, which are classical manifestations of the brain-thyroid-lung syndrome (BTLS). METHODS The NKX2-1 gene was sequenced in the members of a Brazilian family with clinical features of BTLS, and a novel monoallelic mutation was identified in the affected patients. We introduced the mutation in an expression vector for the functional characterization by transfection experiments using both thyroidal and lung-specific promoters. RESULTS The mutation is a deletion of a cytosine at position 834 (ref. sequence NM_003317) (c.493delC) that causes a frameshift with formation of an abnormal protein from amino acid 165 and a premature stop at position 196. The last amino acid of the nuclear localization signal, the whole homeodomain, and the carboxy-terminus of NKX2-1 are all missing in the mutant protein, which has a premature stop codon at position 196 (p.Arg165Glyfs*32). The p.Arg165Glyfs*32 mutant does not bind DNA, and it is unable to transactivate the thyroglobulin (Tg) and the surfactant protein-C (SP-C) promoters. Interestingly, a dose-dependent dominant negative effect of the p.Arg165Glyfs*32 was demonstrated only on the Tg promoter, but not on the SP-C promoter. This effect was also noticed when the mutation was tested in presence of PAX8 or cofactors that synergize with NKX2-1 (P300 and TAZ). The functional effect was also compared with the data present in the literature and demonstrated that, so far, it is very difficult to establish a specific correlation among NKX2-1 mutations, their functional consequence, and the clinical phenotype of affected patients, thus suggesting that the detailed mechanisms of transcriptional regulation still remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS We describe a novel NKX2-1 mutation and demonstrate that haploinsufficiency may not be the only explanation for BTLS. Our results indicate that NKX2-1 activity is also finely regulated in a tissue-specific manner, and additional studies are required to better understand the complexities of genotype-phenotype correlations in the NKX2-1 deficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cristina Nettore
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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25
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Abstract
Supplemental oxygen is often used as a life-saving therapy in the treatment of preterm infants. However, its protracted use can lead to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and more recently, has been associated with adversely affecting the general health of children and adolescents who were born preterm. Efforts to understand how exposure to excess oxygen can disrupt lung development have historically focused on the interplay between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. However, there has been a growing appreciation for how changes in gene-environment interactions occurring during critically important periods of organ development can profoundly affect human health and disease later in life. Here, we review the concept that oxygen is an environmental stressor that may play an important role at birth to control normal lung development via its interactions with genes and cells. Understanding how changes in the oxygen environment have the potential to alter the developmental programing of the lung, such that it now proceeds along a different developmental trajectory, could lead to novel therapies in the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases, such as BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W. Buczynski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642,Address Correspondence to: Bradley W. Buczynski, M.S., Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 273-4831, . Michael A. O’Reilly, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Box 850, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 275-5948, Fax: (585) 756-7780,
| | - Echezona T. Maduekwe
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642
| | - Michael A. O’Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester NY 14642,Address Correspondence to: Bradley W. Buczynski, M.S., Department of Environmental Medicine, Box EHSC, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 273-4831, . Michael A. O’Reilly, Ph.D., Department of Pediatrics, Box 850, The University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, Tel: (585) 275-5948, Fax: (585) 756-7780,
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A Relationship between Epithelial Maturation, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Pulm Med 2012; 2012:196194. [PMID: 23320163 PMCID: PMC3540891 DOI: 10.1155/2012/196194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature infants frequently develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Lung immaturity and impaired epithelial differentiation contribute together with invasive oxygen treatment to BPD onset and disease progression. Substantial evidence suggests that prematurity is associated with long term pulmonary consequences. Moreover, there is increasing concern that lung immaturity at birth may increase the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanisms contributing to this phenomenon remains unknown, largely as a consequence of inadequate experimental models and clinical follow-up studies. Recent evidence suggests that defective transcriptional regulation of epithelial differentiation and maturation may contribute to BPD pathogenesis as well as early onset of COPD. The transcriptional regulators CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α and C/EBPβ, SMAD family member (Smad)3, GATA binding protein (GATA)6, and NK2 homeobox (NKX)2-1 are reported to be involved in processes contributing to pathogenesis of both BPD and COPD. Increased knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to early onset COPD among BPD survivors could translate into improved treatment strategies and reduced frequency of respiratory disorders among adult survivors of BPD. In this paper, we introduce critical transcriptional regulators in epithelial differentiation and summarize the current knowledge on the contribution of impaired epithelial maturation to the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung disorders.
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27
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Genetic and biochemical alterations in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Res Int 2012; 2012:940405. [PMID: 22928112 PMCID: PMC3426175 DOI: 10.1155/2012/940405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the detection and treatment of lung cancer, it causes the highest number of cancer-related mortality. Recent advances in the detection of genetic alterations in patient samples along with physiologically relevant animal models has yielded a new understanding of the molecular etiology of lung cancer. This has facilitated the development of potent and specific targeted therapies, based on the genetic and biochemical alterations present in the tumor, especially non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is now clear that heterogeneous cell signaling pathways are disrupted to promote NSCLC, including mutations in critical growth regulatory proteins (K-Ras, EGFR, B-RAF, MEK-1, HER2, MET, EML-4-ALK, KIF5B-RET, and NKX2.1) and inactivation of growth inhibitory pathways (TP53, PTEN, p16, and LKB-1). How these pathways differ between smokers and non-smokers is also important for clinical treatment strategies and development of targeted therapies. This paper describes these molecular targets in NSCLC, and describes the biological significance of each mutation and their potential to act as a therapeutic target.
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28
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Maina JN. Comparative molecular developmental aspects of the mammalian- and the avian lungs, and the insectan tracheal system by branching morphogenesis: recent advances and future directions. Front Zool 2012; 9:16. [PMID: 22871018 PMCID: PMC3502106 DOI: 10.1186/1742-9994-9-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas exchangers fundamentally form by branching morphogenesis (BM), a mechanistically profoundly complex process which derives from coherent expression and regulation of multiple genes that direct cell-to-cell interactions, differentiation, and movements by signaling of various molecular morphogenetic cues at specific times and particular places in the developing organ. Coordinated expression of growth-instructing factors determines sizes and sites where bifurcation occurs, by how much a part elongates before it divides, and the angle at which branching occurs. BM is essentially induced by dualities of factors where through feedback- or feed forward loops agonists/antagonists are activated or repressed. The intricate transactions between the development orchestrating molecular factors determine the ultimate phenotype. From the primeval time when the transformation of unicellular organisms to multicellular ones occurred by systematic accretion of cells, BM has been perpetually conserved. Canonical signalling, transcriptional pathways, and other instructive molecular factors are commonly employed within and across species, tissues, and stages of development. While much still remain to be elucidated and some of what has been reported corroborated and reconciled with rest of existing data, notable progress has in recent times been made in understanding the mechanism of BM. By identifying and characterizing the morphogenetic drivers, and markers and their regulatory dynamics, the elemental underpinnings of BM have been more precisely explained. Broadening these insights will allow more effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions of developmental abnormalities and pathologies in pre- and postnatal lungs. Conservation of the molecular factors which are involved in the development of the lung (and other branched organs) is a classic example of nature's astuteness in economically utilizing finite resources. Once purposefully formed, well-tested and tried ways and means are adopted, preserved, and widely used to engineer the most optimal phenotypes. The material and time costs of developing utterly new instruments and routines with every drastic biological change (e.g. adaptation and speciation) are circumvented. This should assure the best possible structures and therefore functions, ensuring survival and evolutionary success.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Maina
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, P,O, Box 524, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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29
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Roos AB, Berg T, Barton JL, Didon L, Nord M. Airway epithelial cell differentiation during lung organogenesis requires C/EBPα and C/EBPβ. Dev Dyn 2012; 241:911-23. [PMID: 22411169 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)α is crucial for lung development and differentiation of the pulmonary epithelium. Conversely, no lung defects have been observed in C/EBPβ-deficient mice, although C/EBPβ trans-activate pulmonary genes by binding to virtually identical DNA-sequences as C/EBPα. Thus, the pulmonary phenotype of mice lacking C/EBPβ could be explained by functional replacement with C/EBPα. We investigated whether C/EBPα and C/EBPβ have overlapping functions in regulating lung epithelial differentiation during organogenesis. Epithelial differentiation was assessed in mice with a lung epithelial-specific (SFTPC-Cre-mediated) deletion of C/EBPα (Cebpa(ΔLE) ), C/EBPβ (Cebpb(ΔLE) ), or both genes (Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) ). RESULTS Both Cebpa(ΔLE) mice and Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice demonstrated severe pulmonary immaturity compared to wild-type littermates, while no differences in lung histology or epithelial differentiation were observed in Cebpb(ΔLE) mice. In contrast to Cebpa(ΔLE) mice, Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice also displayed undifferentiated Clara cells with markedly impaired protein and mRNA expression of Clara cell secretory protein (SCGB1A1), compared to wild-type littermates. In addition, ectopic mucus-producing cells were observed in the conducting airways of Cebpa(ΔLE) ; Cebpb(ΔLE) mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that C/EBPα and C/EBPβ play pivotal, and partly overlapping roles in determining airway epithelial differentiation, with possible implications for tissue regeneration in lung homeostasis and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham B Roos
- Department of Medicine, Respiratory Medicine Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Buczynski BW, Yee M, Paige Lawrence B, O'Reilly MA. Lung development and the host response to influenza A virus are altered by different doses of neonatal oxygen in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 302:L1078-87. [PMID: 22408042 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00026.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen exposure in preterm infants has been associated with altered lung development and increased risk for respiratory viral infections later in life. Although the dose of oxygen sufficient to exert these changes in humans remains unknown, adult mice exposed to 100% oxygen between postnatal days 1-4 exhibit alveolar simplification and increased sensitivity to influenza virus infection. Additionally, two nonlinear thresholds of neonatal oxygen exposures were previously identified that promote modest (between 40% and 60% oxygen) and severe (between 80% and 100% oxygen) changes in lung development. Here, we investigate whether these two thresholds correlate with the severity of lung disease following respiratory viral infection. Adult mice exposed to 100% oxygen at birth, and to a lesser extent 80% oxygen, demonstrated enhanced body weight loss, persistent inflammation, and fibrosis following infection compared with infected siblings exposed to room air at birth. In contrast, the host response to infection was indistinguishable between mice exposed to room air and 40% or 60% oxygen. Interestingly, levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were equivalently elevated in infected mice that had been exposed to 80% or 100% oxygen as neonates. However, reducing levels of MCP-1 using heterozygous Mcp-1 mice did not affect oxygen-dependent changes in the response to infection. Thus lung development and the host response to respiratory viral infection are disrupted by different doses of oxygen. Our findings suggest that measuring lung function alone may not be sufficient to identify individuals born prematurely who have increased risk for respiratory viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley W Buczynski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Tagne JB, Gupta S, Gower AC, Shen SS, Varma S, Lakshminarayanan M, Cao Y, Spira A, Volkert TL, Ramirez MI. Genome-wide analyses of Nkx2-1 binding to transcriptional target genes uncover novel regulatory patterns conserved in lung development and tumors. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29907. [PMID: 22242187 PMCID: PMC3252372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-1 is essential for normal lung development and homeostasis. In lung tumors, it is considered a lineage survival oncogene and prognostic factor depending on its expression levels. The target genes directly bound by Nkx2-1, that could be the primary effectors of its functions in the different cellular contexts where it is expressed, are mostly unknown. In embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) mouse lung, epithelial cells expressing Nkx2-1 are predominantly expanding, and in E19.5 prenatal lungs, Nkx2-1-expressing cells are predominantly differentiating in preparation for birth. To evaluate Nkx2-1 regulated networks in these two cell contexts, we analyzed genome-wide binding of Nkx2-1 to DNA regulatory regions by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by tiling array analysis, and intersected these data to expression data sets. We further determined expression patterns of Nkx2-1 developmental target genes in human lung tumors and correlated their expression levels to that of endogenous NKX2-1. In these studies we uncovered differential Nkx2-1 regulated networks in early and late lung development, and a direct function of Nkx2-1 in regulation of the cell cycle by controlling the expression of proliferation-related genes. New targets, validated in Nkx2-1 shRNA transduced cell lines, include E2f3, Cyclin B1, Cyclin B2, and c-Met. Expression levels of Nkx2-1 direct target genes identified in mouse development significantly correlate or anti-correlate to the levels of endogenous NKX2-1 in a dosage-dependent manner in multiple human lung tumor expression data sets, supporting alternative roles for Nkx2-1 as a transcriptional activator or repressor, and direct regulator of cell cycle progression in development and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Bosco Tagne
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Center for Microarray Technology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam C. Gower
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Saaket Varma
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Yuxia Cao
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Avrum Spira
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute (CTSI), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Thomas L. Volkert
- Center for Microarray Technology, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Maria I. Ramirez
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Reynolds PR, Stogsdill JA, Stogsdill MP, Heimann NB. Up-regulation of receptors for advanced glycation end-products by alveolar epithelium influences cytodifferentiation and causes severe lung hypoplasia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2011; 45:1195-202. [PMID: 21685154 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2011-0170oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptors for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) are cell-surface receptors expressed by pulmonary tissue that influence alveolar type (AT) II-ATI transition required for normal alveolar formation. However, the precise contribution of RAGE in interactions between pulmonary epithelium and splanchnic mesenchyme during lung organogenesis remains uncertain. To test the hypothesis that RAGE misexpression adversely affects lung morphogenesis, conditional transgenic mice were generated that overexpress RAGE. Mice that overexpress RAGE throughout embryogenesis experienced 100% mortality and significant lung hypoplasia coincident with large, vacuous areas in the periphery when compared with normal airway and alveolar architecture observed in control mouse lungs. Flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry employing cell-specific markers for distal (forkhead box protein A2) and respiratory (thyroid transcription factor-1) epithelium, ATII cells (pro-surfactant protein-C), and ATI cells (T1-α) demonstrated anomalies in key epithelial cell populations resulting from RAGE up-regulation. These results reveal that precise regulation of RAGE expression is required during lung formation. Furthermore, abundant RAGE results in profound alterations in epithelial cell differentiation that culminate in severe respiratory distress and perinatal lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Reynolds
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 94602, USA.
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Beers MF, Morrisey EE. The three R's of lung health and disease: repair, remodeling, and regeneration. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:2065-73. [PMID: 21633173 DOI: 10.1172/jci45961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All tissues and organs can be classified according to their ability to repair and regenerate during adult homeostasis and after injury. Some exhibit a high rate of constant cell turnover, while others, such as the lung, exhibit only low-level cell regeneration during normal adult homeostasis but have the ability to rapidly regenerate new cells after injury. Lung regeneration likely involves both activation of progenitor cells as well as cell replacement through proliferation of remaining undamaged cells. The pathways and factors that control this process and its role in disease are only now being explored. In this Review, we will discuss the connection between pathways required for lung development and how the lung responds to injury and disease, with a particular emphasis on recent studies describing the role for the epithelium in repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F Beers
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539, USA.
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Apparao KBC, Newman DR, Zhang H, Khosla J, Randell SH, Sannes PL. Temporal changes in expression of FoxA1 and Wnt7A in isolated adult human alveolar epithelial cells enhanced by heparin. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:938-46. [PMID: 20503388 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pre- and postnatal developmental studies of the lung have provided compelling evidence demonstrating multiple factors that orchestrate alveolar epithelial cell differentiation. The extent to which reactivation of certain developmental pathways in the adult might influence the course of differentiation of alveolar type 2 cells (AT2) into AT1 cells is not known. In this study, we examined selected members of the forkhead (Fox) family of transcription factors and the Wnt (wingless) family of signaling proteins for expression during human alveolar cell differentiation in vitro and determined their potential responses to sulfated components of extracellular matrix (ECM), like those shed from cell surfaces or found in basement membrane and modeled by heparin. Isolated adult human AT2 cells cultured over a 9-day period were used to define the temporal profile of expression of targeted factors during spontaneous differentiation to AT1-like cells. FoxA1 protein was upregulated at early to intermediate time points, where it was strongly elevated by heparin. Gene expression of wnt7A increased dramatically beginning on day 3 and was enhanced even further on days 7 and 9 by heparin, whereas protein expression appeared at days 7 and 9. These temporal changes of expression suggest that sulfated ECMs may act to enhance the increase in FoxA1 at the critical juncture when AT2 cells commence the differentiation process to AT1 cells, in addition to enhancing the increase in wnt7A when the AT1 cell phenotype stabilizes. Collectively, these factors may act to modulate differentiation in the adult human pulmonary alveolus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K B C Apparao
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Harris T, Pan Q, Sironi J, Lutz D, Tian J, Sapkar J, Perez-Soler R, Keller S, Locker J. Both gene amplification and allelic loss occur at 14q13.3 in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 17:690-9. [PMID: 21148747 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because loss of Nkx2-8 increases lung cancer in the mouse, we studied suppressive mechanisms in human lung cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN NKX2-8 is located within 14q13.3, adjacent to its close relative TTF1/NKX2-1. We first analyzed LOH of 14q13.3 in forty-five matched human lung cancer and control specimens. DNA from tumors with LOH was then analyzed with high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. For correlation with this genetic analysis, we quantified expression of Nkx2-8 and TTF1 mRNA in tumors. Finally, suppressive function of Nkx2-8 was assessed via colony formation assays in five lung cancer cell lines. RESULTS Thirteen of forty-five (29%) tumors had LOH. In six tumors, most adenocarcinomas, LOH was caused by gene amplification. The 0.8-Mb common region of amplification included MBIP, SFTA, TTF1, NKX2-8, and PAX9. In 4 squamous or adenosquamous cancers, LOH was caused by deletion. In three other tumors, LOH resulted from whole chromosome mechanisms (14(-), 14(+), or aneuploidy). The 1.2-Mb common region of deletion included MBIP, SFTA, TTF1, NKX2-8, PAX9, SLC25A21, and MIPOL1. Most tumors had low expression of Nkx2-8. Nevertheless, sequencing did not show NKX2-8 mutations that could explain the low expression. TTF1 overexpression, in contrast, was common and usually independent of Nkx2-8 expression. Finally, stable transfection of Nkx2-8 selectively inhibited growth of H522 lung cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS 14q13.3, which contains NKX2-8, is subject to both amplification and deletion in lung cancer. Most tumors have low expression of Nkx2-8, and its expression can inhibit growth of some lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Harris
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
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Increased expression of FoxM1 transcription factor in respiratory epithelium inhibits lung sacculation and causes Clara cell hyperplasia. Dev Biol 2010; 347:301-14. [PMID: 20816795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Foxm1 is a member of the Forkhead Box (Fox) family of transcription factors. Foxm1 (previously called Foxm1b, HFH-11B, Trident, Win, or MPP2) is expressed in multiple cell types and plays important roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis. Genetic deletion of Foxm1 from mouse respiratory epithelium during initial stages of lung development inhibits lung maturation and causes respiratory failure after birth. However, the role of Foxm1 during postnatal lung morphogenesis remains unknown. In the present study, Foxm1 expression was detected in epithelial cells of conducting and peripheral airways and changing dynamically with lung maturation. To discern the biological role of Foxm1 in the prenatal and postnatal lung, a novel transgenic mouse line that expresses a constitutively active form of FoxM1 (FoxM1 N-terminal deletion mutant or FoxM1-ΔN) under the control of lung epithelial-specific SPC promoter was produced. Expression of the FoxM1-ΔN transgene during embryogenesis caused epithelial hyperplasia, inhibited lung sacculation and expression of the type II epithelial marker, pro-SPC. Expression of FoxM1-ΔN mutant during the postnatal period did not influence alveologenesis but caused focal airway hyperplasia and increased proliferation of Clara cells. Likewise, expression of FoxM1-ΔN mutant in conducting airways with Scgb1a1 promoter was sufficient to induce Clara cell hyperplasia. Furthermore, FoxM1-ΔN cooperated with activated K-Ras to induce lung tumor growth in vivo. Increased activity of Foxm1 altered lung sacculation, induced proliferation in the respiratory epithelium and accelerated lung tumor growth, indicating that precise regulation of Foxm1 is critical for normal lung morphogenesis and development of lung cancer.
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38
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Yu S, Poe B, Schwarz M, Elliot SA, Albertine KH, Fenton S, Garg V, Moon AM. Fetal and postnatal lung defects reveal a novel and required role for Fgf8 in lung development. Dev Biol 2010; 347:92-108. [PMID: 20727874 PMCID: PMC5133699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Revised: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor, FGF8, has been shown to be essential for vertebrate cardiovascular, craniofacial, brain and limb development. Here we report that Fgf8 function is required for normal progression through the late fetal stages of lung development that culminate in alveolar formation. Budding, lobation and branching morphogenesis are unaffected in early stage Fgf8 hypomorphic and conditional mutant lungs. Excess proliferation during fetal development disrupts distal airspace formation, mesenchymal and vascular remodeling, and Type I epithelial cell differentiation resulting in postnatal respiratory failure and death. Our findings reveal a previously unknown, critical role for Fgf8 function in fetal lung development and suggest that this factor may also contribute to postnatal alveologenesis. Given the high number of premature infants with alveolar dysgenesis and lung dysplasia, and the accumulating evidence that short-term benefits of available therapies may be outweighed by long-term detrimental effects on postnatal alveologenesis, the therapeutic implications of identifying a factor or pathway that can be targeted to stimulate normal alveolar development are profound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Takahashi Y, Izumi Y, Kohno M, Kimura T, Kawamura M, Okada Y, Nomori H, Ikeda E. Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Influences the Early Phase of Compensatory Lung Growth in Adult Mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2010; 181:1397-406. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200908-1265oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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40
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Shi W, Xu J, Warburton D. Development, repair and fibrosis: what is common and why it matters. Respirology 2010; 14:656-65. [PMID: 19659647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1843.2009.01565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The complex structure of the lung is developed sequentially, initially by epithelial tube branching and later by septation of terminal air sacs with accompanying coordinated growth of a variety of lung epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Groups of transcriptional factors, peptide growth factors and their intracellular signaling regulators, as well as extracellular matrix proteins are programmed to be expressed at appropriate levels in the right place at the right time to control normal lung formation. Studies of lung development and lung repair/fibrosis to date have discovered that many of the same factors that control normal development are also key players in lung injury repair and fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family peptide signaling is a prime example. Lack of TGF-beta signaling results in abnormal lung branching morphogenesis and alveolarization during development, whereas excessive amounts of TGF-beta signaling cause severe hypoplasia in the immature lung and fibrosis in mature lung. This leads us to propose the 'Goldilocks' hypothesis of regulatory signaling in lung development and injury repair that everything must be done just right!
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS 35, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.
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41
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Warburton D, El-Hashash A, Carraro G, Tiozzo C, Sala F, Rogers O, De Langhe S, Kemp PJ, Riccardi D, Torday J, Bellusci S, Shi W, Lubkin SR, Jesudason E. Lung organogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2010; 90:73-158. [PMID: 20691848 DOI: 10.1016/s0070-2153(10)90003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Developmental lung biology is a field that has the potential for significant human impact: lung disease at the extremes of age continues to cause major morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding how the lung develops holds the promise that investigators can use this knowledge to aid lung repair and regeneration. In the decade since the "molecular embryology" of the lung was first comprehensively reviewed, new challenges have emerged-and it is on these that we focus the current review. Firstly, there is a critical need to understand the progenitor cell biology of the lung in order to exploit the potential of stem cells for the treatment of lung disease. Secondly, the current familiar descriptions of lung morphogenesis governed by growth and transcription factors need to be elaborated upon with the reinclusion and reconsideration of other factors, such as mechanics, in lung growth. Thirdly, efforts to parse the finer detail of lung bud signaling may need to be combined with broader consideration of overarching mechanisms that may be therapeutically easier to target: in this arena, we advance the proposal that looking at the lung in general (and branching in particular) in terms of clocks may yield unexpected benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warburton
- The Saban Research Institute, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Cao Y, Vo T, Millien G, Tagne JB, Kotton D, Mason RJ, Williams MC, Ramirez MI. Epigenetic mechanisms modulate thyroid transcription factor 1-mediated transcription of the surfactant protein B gene. J Biol Chem 2009; 285:2152-64. [PMID: 19906647 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.039172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of transcription plays an important role in cell-specific gene expression by altering chromatin structure and access of transcriptional regulators to DNA binding sites. Surfactant protein B (Sftpb) is a developmentally regulated lung epithelial gene critical for lung function. Thyroid transcription factor 1 (Nkx2-1) regulates Sftpb gene expression in various species. We show that Nkx2-1 binds to the mouse Sftpb (mSftpb) promoter in the lung. In a mouse lung epithelial cell line (MLE-15), Nkx2-1 knockdown reduces Sftpb expression, and mutation of Nkx2-1 cis-elements significantly reduces mSftpb promoter activity. Whether chromatin structure modulates Nkx2-1 regulation of Sftpb transcription is unknown. We found that DNA methylation of the mSftpb promoter inversely correlates with known patterns of Sftpb expression in vivo. The mSftpb promoter activity can be manipulated by altering its cytosine methylation status in vitro. Nkx2-1 activation of the mSftpb promoter is impaired by DNA methylation. The unmethylated Sftpb promoter shows an active chromatin structure enriched in the histone modification H3K4me3 (histone 3-lysine 4 trimethylated). The ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling protein Brg1 is recruited to the Sftpb promoter in Sftpb-expressing, but not in non-expressing tissues and cell lines. Brg1 knockdown in MLE-15 cells greatly decreases H3K4me3 levels at the Sftpb promoter region and expression of the Sftpb gene. Brg1 can be co-immunoprecipitated with Nkx2-1 protein. Last, Nkx2-1 and Brg1 with intact ATPase activity are required for mSftpb promoter activation in vitro. Our findings suggest that DNA methylation and chromatin modifications cooperate with Nkx2-1 to regulate Sftpb gene cell specific expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Cao
- Pulmonary Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Kemp SJ, Thorley AJ, Gorelik J, Seckl MJ, O'Hare MJ, Arcaro A, Korchev Y, Goldstraw P, Tetley TD. Immortalization of human alveolar epithelial cells to investigate nanoparticle uptake. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2008; 39:591-7. [PMID: 18539954 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2007-0334oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary human alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells were immortalized by transduction with the catalytic subunit of telomerase and simian virus 40 large-tumor antigen. Characterization by immunochemical and morphologic methods demonstrated an AT1-like cell phenotype. Unlike primary AT2 cells, immortalized cells no longer expressed alkaline phosphatase, pro-surfactant protein C, and thyroid transcription factor-1, but expressed increased caveolin-1 and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). Live cell imaging using scanning ion conductance microscopy showed that the cuboidal primary AT2 cells were approximately 15 microm and enriched with surface microvilli, while the immortal AT1 cells were attenuated more than 40 microm, resembling these cells in situ. Transmission electron microscopy highlighted the attenuated morphology and showed endosomal vesicles in some immortal AT1 cells (but not primary AT2 cells) as found in situ. Particulate air pollution exacerbates cardiopulmonary disease. Interaction of ultrafine, nano-sized particles with the alveolar epithelium and/or translocation into the cardiovasculature may be a contributory factor. We hypothesized differential uptake of nanoparticles by AT1 and AT2 cells, depending on particle size and surface charge. Uptake of 50-nm and 1-microm fluorescent latex particles was investigated using confocal microscopy and scanning surface confocal microscopy of live cells. Fewer than 10% of primary AT2 cells internalized particles. In contrast, 75% immortal AT1 cells internalized negatively charged particles, while less than 55% of these cells internalized positively charged particles; charge, rather than size, mattered. The process was rapid: one-third of the total cell-associated negatively charged 50-nm particle fluorescence measured at 24 hours was internalized during the first hour. AT1 cells could be important in translocation of particles from the lung into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Kemp
- Lung Cell Biology, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Galambos C, Demello DE. Regulation of alveologenesis: clinical implications of impaired growth. Pathology 2008; 40:124-40. [PMID: 18203035 DOI: 10.1080/00313020701818981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
During its development that begins in intrauterine life, the lung is transformed from a simple epithelial lined sac that emerges from the foregut into a complex arrangement of blood vessels, airways, and alveoli that make up the mature lung structure. This remarkable transformation that continues for several years postnatally, is achieved by the influence of several genes, transcription factors, growth factors and hormones upon the cells and proteins of the lung bud. A seminal event in this process is the formation of the air-blood barrier within the alveolar wall, an evolutionary modification that permits independent air-breathing existence in mammals. Molecular biological techniques have enabled elucidation of the mechanistic pathways contributing to alveologenesis and have provided probable molecular bases for examples of impaired alveologenesis encountered by the paediatric pathologist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Galambos
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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45
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Hoyles RK, Khan K, Shiwen X, Howat SL, Lindahl GE, Leoni P, du Bois RM, Wells AU, Black CM, Abraham DJ, Denton CP. Fibroblast-specific perturbation of transforming growth factor β signaling provides insight into potential pathogenic mechanisms of scleroderma-associated lung fibrosis: Exaggerated response to alveolar epithelial injury in a novel mouse model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:1175-88. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Sun J, Chen H, Chen C, Whitsett JA, Mishina Y, Bringas P, Ma JC, Warburton D, Shi W. Prenatal lung epithelial cell-specific abrogation of Alk3-bone morphogenetic protein signaling causes neonatal respiratory distress by disrupting distal airway formation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:571-82. [PMID: 18258849 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play important roles in regulating lung development and function although the endogenous regulatory effects of BMP signaling are still controversial. We found that BMP type I receptor Alk3 is expressed predominantly in airway epithelial cells during development. The function of Alk3 in lung development was determined using an inducible knockout mouse model by crossing epithelial cell-specific Cre transgenic mice SPC-rtTA/TetO-Cre and floxed-Alk3 mice. Abrogation of Alk3 in mouse lung epithelia from either early lung organogenesis or late gestation resulted in similar neonatal respiratory distress phenotypes accompanied by collapsed lungs. Early-induction of Alk3 knockout in lung epithelial cells caused retardation of early lung branching morphogenesis, reduced cell proliferation, and differentiation. However, late gestation induction of the knockout caused changes in cell proliferation and survival, as shown by altered cell biology, reduced expression of peripheral epithelial markers (Clara cell-specific protein, surfactant protein C, and aquaporin-5), and lack of surfactant secretion. Furthermore, canonical Wnt signaling was perturbed, possibly through reduced Wnt inhibitory factor-1 expression in Alk3-knockout lungs. Therefore, our data suggest that deficiency of appropriate BMP signaling in lung epithelial cells results in prenatal lung malformation, neonatal atelectasis, and respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Sun
- Developmental Biology Program, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS 35, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
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Londhe VA, Nguyen HT, Jeng JM, Li X, Li C, Tiozzo C, Zhu N, Minoo P. NF-kB induces lung maturation during mouse lung morphogenesis. Dev Dyn 2007; 237:328-38. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Pogach MS, Cao Y, Millien G, Ramirez MI, Williams MC. Key developmental regulators change during hyperoxia-induced injury and recovery in adult mouse lung. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1415-29. [PMID: 17167788 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Developmentally important genes have recently been linked to tissue regeneration and epithelial cell repair in neonatal and adult animals in several organs, including liver, skin, prostate, and musculature. We hypothesized that developmentally important genes play roles in lung injury repair in adult mice. Although there is considerable information known about these processes, the specific molecular pathways that mediate injury and regulate tissue repair are not fully elucidated. Using a hyperoxic injury model to study these mechanisms of lung injury and tissue repair, we selected the following genes based upon their known or putative roles in lung development and organogenesis: TTF-1, FGF9, FGF10, BMP4, PDGF-A, VEGF, Ptc, Shh, Sca-1, BCRP, CD45, and Cyclin-D2. Our findings demonstrate that several developmentally important genes (Sca-1, Shh, PDGF-A, VEGF, BCRP, CD45, BMP4, and Cyclin-D2) change during hyperoxic injury and normoxic recovery in mice, suggesting that adult lung may reactivate key developmental regulatory pathways for tissue repair. The mRNA for one gene (TTF-1), unchanged during hyperoxia, was upregulated late in recovery phase. These novel findings provide the basis for testing the efficacy of post-injury lung repair in animals genetically modified to inactivate or express individual molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie S Pogach
- Pulmonary Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA.
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Park KS, Korfhagen TR, Bruno MD, Kitzmiller JA, Wan H, Wert SE, Khurana Hershey GK, Chen G, Whitsett JA. SPDEF regulates goblet cell hyperplasia in the airway epithelium. J Clin Invest 2007; 117:978-88. [PMID: 17347682 PMCID: PMC1810569 DOI: 10.1172/jci29176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Goblet cell hyperplasia and mucous hypersecretion contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases including cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In the present work, mouse SAM pointed domain-containing ETS transcription factor (SPDEF) mRNA and protein were detected in subsets of epithelial cells lining the trachea, bronchi, and tracheal glands. SPDEF interacted with the C-terminal domain of thyroid transcription factor 1, activating transcription of genes expressed selectively in airway epithelial cells, including Sftpa, Scgb1a1, Foxj1, and Sox17. Expression of Spdef in the respiratory epithelium of adult transgenic mice caused goblet cell hyperplasia, inducing both acidic and neutral mucins in vivo, and stainined for both acidic and neutral mucins in vivo. SPDEF expression was increased at sites of goblet cell hyperplasia caused by IL-13 and dust mite allergen in a process that was dependent upon STAT-6. SPDEF was induced following intratracheal allergen exposure and after Th2 cytokine stimulation and was sufficient to cause goblet cell differentiation of Clara cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon-Sik Park
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas R. Korfhagen
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael D. Bruno
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A. Kitzmiller
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Huajing Wan
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Susan E. Wert
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gurjit K. Khurana Hershey
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Gang Chen
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Whitsett
- Division of Pulmonary Biology and
Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
The vertebrate lung consists of multiple cell types that are derived primarily from endodermal and mesodermal compartments of the early embryo. The process of pulmonary organogenesis requires the generation of precise signaling centers that are linked to transcriptional programs that, in turn, regulate cell numbers, differentiation, and behavior, as branching morphogenesis and alveolarization proceed. This review summarizes knowledge regarding the expression and proposed roles of transcription factors influencing lung formation and function with particular focus on knowledge derived from the study of the mouse. A group of transcription factors active in the endodermally derived cells of the developing lung tubules, including thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1), beta-catenin, Forkhead orthologs (FOX), GATA, SOX, and ETS family members are required for normal lung morphogenesis and function. In contrast, a group of distinct proteins, including FOXF1, POD1, GLI, and HOX family members, play important roles in the developing lung mesenchyme, from which pulmonary vessels and bronchial smooth muscle develop. Lung formation is dependent on reciprocal signaling among cells of both endodermal and mesenchymal compartments that instruct transcriptional processes mediating lung formation and adaptation to breathing after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Maeda
- Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and The University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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