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Sarwar SA, O'Malley GR, Botvinov J, Khan Y, Kumar RP, Ali M, Cassimatis ND, Hundal JS, Patel NV. Impact of environmental pollutants on pediatric brain tumor incidence in New Jersey. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2024; 242:108318. [PMID: 38759503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2024.108318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between environmental contaminants and brain tumor incidence in adults has been thoroughly explored but research into how these contaminants affect pediatric brain tumor (PBT) incidence has not been explored. Children, typically having more limited geographical movement and thus more consistent environmental contaminant exposure, might offer more reliable insights into which environmental contaminants affect the incidence of brain tumors. The present study is the first to focus on exploring whether a possible association exists between the incidence of PBTs and exposure to environmental pollutants in New Jersey (NJ). METHODS Linear regressions were run between PBT incidence and the concentration of air quality pollutants such as Ozone (O3), Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Particulate Matter 10 (PM10), and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Similarly, linear regressions were run between PBT incidence and Elevated Blood Lead Levels (BLL). RESULTS The study observed a significant positive relationship between O3 and PBT incidence (β = 0.34, p = 0.028). However, the relationship between PBT incidence, and environmental pollutants such as CO (β = 0.0047, p = 0.098), PM2.5 (β = -0.2624, p = 0.74), and PM10 (β = -0.7353, p = 0.073) were found to be nonsignificant. For elevated BLL, nonsignificant relationships with PBT incidence were observed at 10-14 µg/dL (β = -39.38, p = 0.30), 15-19 µg/dL (β = -67.00, p = 0.21), and 20-44 µg/dL (β = -201.98, p = 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate a possible impact of O3 on the incidence of PBTs in NJ. In contrast to the significant links found in prior studies of adult brain tumors, the associations between PBT occurrence and particulate matter were not significant. These findings highlight the importance of further investigating how environmental factors, especially O3, relate to PBTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed A Sarwar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, USA.
| | | | - Julia Botvinov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yasmin Khan
- Department of Cell Biology & Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Rohit Prem Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | - Mir Ali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Jasdeep S Hundal
- Department of Neurology, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Neptune, NJ, USA
| | - Nitesh V Patel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian Health - Jersey Shore University Medical Center, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, USA
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Jung J, Kim G, Kang SW, Jeong S, Kang Y, Lee JY, Myung W, Kim H, Lee H. Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and injuries due to external causes according to intentions and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169202. [PMID: 38097073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Although injuries are a leading cause of death and affect the life expectancy of individuals who live with disabilities globally, the potential role of air pollution exposure on injuries due to external causes has received little scientific attention, especially compared with that given to the association of air pollution and non-external causes of morbidity and mortality. We investigated the association between emergency department visits for externally caused injuries and short-term exposure to major ambient air pollutants, with focus on the intentions and mechanisms of injuries. We identified 2,049,855 injured patients in Seoul, South Korea between 2008 and 2016 using the National Emergency Database. Daily short-term exposure to air pollution including particles <10 μm (PM10) and <2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and ozone (O3) was estimated based on hourly concentrations. We employed a time-stratified case-crossover study design using a conditional Poisson regression model adjusted for meteorological variables, influenza epidemics, and holidays. Immediate exposure (lag 0) to most pollutants significantly increased the risk of total injuries (PM2.5, 0.42 %; NO2, 0.68 %; SO2, 1.05 %; CO, 0.57 %; O3, 1.86 % per interquartile range increment), and the associations differed according to the intention and mechanism of injury. Unintentional and assault injuries were significantly associated with air pollution exposure, whereas self-harm injuries showed no association. In mechanism-specific analyses, injuries caused by falls, blunt objects, penetration, traffic accidents, machinery, and slips were associated with specific air pollutants, even in the co-pollutant models. The associations were stronger in injured patients aged <15 years, and in males than in their counterparts. Our results suggest that short-term air pollution exposure might play a role in the risk of externally caused injuries and the association may differ depending on the intention and mechanism of injury, which provide important evidence for injury prevention and air quality strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyun Jung
- Clinical Trial Center, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea; Research Center for Chronic Disease and Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - Gyeongchan Kim
- Department of Health Administration and Management, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Kang
- Department of Health Administration and Management, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea
| | - Subin Jeong
- Department of Health Administration and Management, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea
| | - Yoonjung Kang
- Department of Health Administration and Management, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woojae Myung
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Ho Kim
- Department of Public Health Science, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Lee
- Department of Health Administration and Management, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea; Department of Health Administration and Management, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, South Korea; Department of Software Convergence, Soonchunhyang University Graduate School, Asan, South Korea.
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Ling W, Ren Z, Wang W, Lu D, Zhou Q, Liu Q, Jiang G. Chronic Ambient Ozone Exposure Aggravates Autism-Like Symptoms in a Susceptible Mouse Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:14248-14259. [PMID: 37676697 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Although there is evidence that exposure to ground-level ozone (O3) may cause an increased risk of neurological disorders (e.g., autistic spectrum disorder), low-dose chronic ozone exposure and its adverse effects on the nervous system have not been fully understood. Here, we evaluated the potential neurotoxic effects of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant O3 concentration (200 μg/m3 via a whole-body inhalation system, 12 h/day for 5 days/week) using a susceptible mouse model of autism induced by valproic acid. Various indicators of oxidative stress, mitochondria, and synapse in the brain tissues were then measured to determine the overall damage of O3 to the mouse brain. The results showed an aggravated risk of autism in mice offspring, which was embodied in decreased antioxidant contents, disturbed energy generation in mitochondria, as well as reduced expressions of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ) and synaptic proteins [e.g., Synapsin 1 (SYN 1), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95)]. Overall, our study indicates that prenatal exposure to environmentally relevant O3 may exacerbate the symptoms of autism, shedding light on possible molecular mechanisms and providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of autism, especially concerning low-dose levels of those pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weibo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihua Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Weichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Taishan Institute for Ecology and Environment (TIEE), Jinan 250100, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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Ju K, Lu L, Wang W, Chen T, Yang C, Zhang E, Xu Z, Li S, Song J, Pan J, Guo Y. Causal effects of air pollution on mental health among Adults--An exploration of susceptible populations and the role of physical activity based on a longitudinal nationwide cohort in China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 217:114761. [PMID: 36372147 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to air pollutants is likely to be associated with mental disorders, but relevant studies remain limited and inconsistent, and evidence to assess causality is particularly lacking, especially in developing countries. In addition, there are few studies on the role of physical activity in this relationship. We investigated the causal relationship between air pollutant exposure and mental health among Chinese adults and whether physical activity could play a positive role in this relationship. Using the balanced panel data for 2014 and 2016 from the China Family Panel Study, a representative Chinese national cohort study, we selected and validated appropriate instrumental variable to explore the causal relationship between air pollution and mental health and explored the moderating effect of physical activity using an instrumental variable fixed effects model (IVFE) in a counterfactual causal inference framework. PM2.5 and ground surface ozone were selected as proxies for different types of air pollutants and extended the interpretability by studying them for populations with different characteristics. A total of 21,944 participants were included in this study. In the IVFE model, we found that both PM2.5 and ground surface ozone significantly negatively affected mental health, and that habitual physical activity counteracted this negative effect regardless of different types of air pollution. We also found that the findings held for adults with different characteristics. The findings suggest that habitual physical activity may offset the deterioration of mental health in adults in developing countries due to air pollution, regardless of age, gender, income, and the presence of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ju
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Liyong Lu
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Ting Chen
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - En Zhang
- School of Government, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, PR China
| | - Zongyou Xu
- Medical School, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, PR China
| | - Shanshan Li
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Jiangning Song
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
| | - Jay Pan
- HEOA Group, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China; School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China.
| | - Yuming Guo
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Level 2, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
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Li T, Yu Y, Sun Z, Duan J. A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence. Part Fibre Toxicol 2022; 19:67. [PMID: 36447278 PMCID: PMC9707232 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-022-00507-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The impacts of air pollution on public health have become a great concern worldwide. Ambient particulate matter (PM) is a major air pollution that comprises a heterogeneous mixture of different particle sizes and chemical components. The chemical composition and physicochemical properties of PM change with space and time, which may cause different impairments. However, the mechanisms of the adverse effects of PM on various systems have not been fully elucidated and systematically integrated. The Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework was used to comprehensively illustrate the molecular mechanism of adverse effects of PM and its components, so as to clarify the causal mechanistic relationships of PM-triggered toxicity on various systems. The main conclusions and new insights of the correlation between public health and PM were discussed, especially at low concentrations, which points out the direction for further research in the future. With the deepening of the study on its toxicity mechanism, it was found that PM can still induce adverse health effects with low-dose exposure. And the recommended Air Quality Guideline level of PM2.5 was adjusted to 5 μg/m3 by World Health Organization, which meant that deeper and more complex mechanisms needed to be explored. Traditionally, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis were considered the main mechanisms of harmful effects of PM. However, recent studies have identified several emerging mechanisms involved in the toxicity of PM, including pyroptosis, ferroptosis and epigenetic modifications. This review summarized the comprehensive evidence on the health effects of PM and the chemical components of it, as well as the combined toxicity of PM with other air pollutants. Based on the AOP Wiki and the mechanisms of PM-induced toxicity at different levels, we first constructed the PM-related AOP frameworks on various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Li
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Yu
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junchao Duan
- grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XDepartment of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China ,grid.24696.3f0000 0004 0369 153XBeijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 People’s Republic of China
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Yu X, Rahman MM, Wang Z, Carter SA, Schwartz J, Chen Z, Eckel SP, Hackman D, Chen JC, Xiang AH, McConnell R. Evidence of susceptibility to autism risks associated with early life ambient air pollution: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112590. [PMID: 34929192 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have found associations between early life air pollution exposure and subsequent onset of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, characteristics that affect susceptibility remain unclear. OBJECTIVE This systematic review examined epidemiologic studies on the modifying roles of social, child, genetic and maternal characteristics in associations between prenatal and early postnatal air pollution exposure and ASD. METHODS A systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase was conducted. Studies that examined modifiers of the association between air pollution and ASD were included. RESULTS A total of 19 publications examined modifiers of the associations between early life air pollution exposures and ASD. In general, estimates of effects on risk of ASD in boys were larger than in girls (based on 11 studies). Results from studies of effects of family education (2 studies) and neighborhood deprivation (2 studies) on air pollution-ASD associations were inconsistent. Limited data (1 study) suggest pregnant women with insufficient folic acid intake might be more susceptible to ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and 10 μm (PM10) in aerodynamic diameter, and to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Children of mothers with gestational diabetes had increased risk of ozone-associated ASD (1 study). Two genetic studies reported that copy number variations may amplify the effect of ozone, and MET rs1858830 CC genotype may augment effects of PM and near-roadway pollutants on ASD. CONCLUSIONS Child's sex, maternal nutrition or diabetes, socioeconomic factors, and child risk genotypes were reported to modify the effect of early-life air pollutants on ASD risk in the epidemiologic literature. However, the sparsity of studies on comparable modifying hypotheses precludes conclusive findings. Further research is needed to identify susceptible populations and potential targets for preventive intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongying Wang
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Hackman
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Jo H, Eckel SP, Chen JC, Cockburn M, Martinez MP, Chow T, Lurmann FW, Funk WE, Xiang AH, McConnell R. Gestational diabetes mellitus, prenatal air pollution exposure, and autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105110. [PMID: 31610366 PMCID: PMC7250244 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution and maternal diabetes may affect common biological pathways underlying adverse neurodevelopmental effects. However, joint effects of maternal diabetes and air pollution on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have not been studied. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether prenatal and early-life air pollution exposure interacts with maternal diabetes status to affect ASD risk. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 246,420 singleton children born in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals in 1999-2009. Children were followed from birth until age 5, during which 2471 ASD cases were diagnosed. Ozone (O3), particulate matter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and <10 μm in aerodynamic diameter, and nitrogen dioxide measured at regulatory air monitoring stations were interpolated to estimate exposures during preconception and each pregnancy trimester, and first year of life at each child's birth address. Hazard ratios (HRs) for ASD were estimated adjusting for birth year, KPSC service areas, and relevant maternal and child characteristics. For each exposure window, interactions were tested between pollutants and a 4-category maternal diabetes variable (none, GDM ≥ 24 and <24 weeks' gestation, and pre-existing type 2 diabetes). For an exposure window with statistically significant global interaction between pollutant and diabetes (p < 0.05), pollutant-associated HRs were estimated separately for each category of maternal diabetes. RESULTS There were associations of ASD with preconception, first and third trimesters, and first year of life PM2.5, but not with other pollutants. There were, however, interactions of maternal diabetes with first trimester and first year of life O3. Increased ASD risk was associated with first trimester O3 among mothers with GDM < 24 weeks' gestation [adjusted HR 1.50 per 15.7 ppb O3 (95% CI: 1.08-2.09)]. No O3 associations with ASD were observed in other categories of maternal diabetes. CONCLUSIONS GDM onset early in pregnancy may increase children's susceptibility to prenatal O3-associated ASD risk. These novel findings merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejoo Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America; Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | | | - William E Funk
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
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Lo YTC, Lu YC, Chang YH, Kao S, Huang HB. Air Pollution Exposure and Cognitive Function in Taiwanese Older Adults: A Repeated Measurement Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162976. [PMID: 31430886 PMCID: PMC6720818 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies related to air pollution exposure and neurocognitive disorders, specifically cognitive impairment, among older adults are limited. We investigated the association between short-term and long-term exposure to ambient air pollution (i.e., particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of <10 μm and ozone) and the effects of their interaction on cognitive function in a community-dwelling, free-living elderly population. Study participants were in a multiple-wave representative sample, namely the Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 2241). In four surveys between 1996 and 2007, their cognitive function was assessed using the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ). We estimated air pollution from 1993 to 2007, including daily concentrations of PM10 and O3 from air quality monitoring stations, based on the administrative zone of each participant’s residence. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine these associations after adjusting for covariates. We found that long-term exposure to PM10 and O3 was significantly associated with cognitive impairment (OR = 1.094, 95% CI: 1.020, 1.174 for PM10; OR = 1.878, 95% CI: 1.363, 2.560 for O3). The joint effect of exposure to PM10 and O3 was associated with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001). Co-exposure to ambient PM10 and O3 may deteriorate cognitive function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ting C Lo
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chi Lu
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hung Chang
- Department of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Senyeong Kao
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Han-Bin Huang
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, No.161, Sec. 6, Minquan E. Rd., Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
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Flores-Pajot MC, Ofner M, Do MT, Lavigne E, Villeneuve PJ. Childhood autism spectrum disorders and exposure to nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter air pollution: A review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:763-776. [PMID: 27609410 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Genetic and environmental factors have been recognized to play an important role in autism. The possibility that exposure to outdoor air pollution increases the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been an emerging area of research. Herein, we present a systematic review, and meta-analysis of published epidemiological studies that have investigated these associations. METHODS We undertook a comprehensive search strategy to identify studies that investigated outdoor air pollution and autism in children. Overall, seven cohorts and five case-control studies met our inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. We summarized the associations between exposure to air pollution and ASD based on the following critical exposure windows: (i) first, second and third trimester of pregnancy, (ii) entire pregnancy, and (iii) postnatal period. Random effects meta-analysis modeling was undertaken to derive pooled risk estimates for these exposures across the studies. RESULTS The meta-estimates for the change in ASD associated with a 10μg/m3 increase in exposure in PM2.5 and 10 ppb increase in NO2 during pregnancy were 1.34 (95% CI:0.83, 2.17) and 1.05 (95% CI:0.99, 1.11), respectively. Stronger associations were observed for exposures received after birth, but these estimates were unstable as they were based on only two studies. O3 exposure was weakly associated with ASD during the third trimester of pregnancy and during the entire pregnancy, however, these estimates were also based on only two studies. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis support the hypothesis that exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with an increased risk of autism. Our findings should be interpreted cautiously due to relatively small number of studies, and several studies were unable to control for other key risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Flores-Pajot
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Epistream Consulting Inc, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marianna Ofner
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Minh T Do
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eric Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul J Villeneuve
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Epistream Consulting Inc, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Tibolone Prevents Oxidation and Ameliorates Cholinergic Deficit Induced by Ozone Exposure in the Male Rat Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1776-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1385-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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González-Guevara E, Martínez-Lazcano JC, Custodio V, Hernández-Cerón M, Rubio C, Paz C. Exposure to ozone induces a systemic inflammatory response: possible source of the neurological alterations induced by this gas. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 26:485-91. [DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2014.922648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Gatto NM, Henderson VW, Hodis HN, St John JA, Lurmann F, Chen JC, Mack WJ. Components of air pollution and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults in Los Angeles. Neurotoxicology 2013; 40:1-7. [PMID: 24148924 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While experiments in animals demonstrate neurotoxic effects of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3), epidemiologic evidence is sparse regarding the relationship between different constituencies of air pollution mixtures and cognitive function in adults. We examined cross-sectional associations between various ambient air pollutants [O3, PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2)] and six measures of cognitive function and global cognition among healthy, cognitively intact individuals (n=1496, mean age 60.5 years) residing in the Los Angeles Basin. Air pollution exposures were assigned to each residential address in 2000-06 using a geographic information system that included monitoring data. A neuropsychological battery was used to assess cognitive function; a principal components analysis defined six domain-specific functions and a measure of global cognitive function was created. Regression models estimated effects of air pollutants on cognitive function, adjusting for age, gender, race, education, income, study and mood. Increasing exposure to PM2.5 was associated with lower verbal learning (β=-0.32 per 10 μg/m(3) PM2.5, 95% CI=-0.63, 0.00; p=0.05). Ambient exposure to NO2 >20 ppb tended to be associated with lower logical memory. Compared to the lowest level of exposure to ambient O3, exposure above 49 ppb was associated with lower executive function. Including carotid artery intima-media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, in models as a possible mediator did not attenuate effect estimates. This study provides support for cross-sectional associations between increasing levels of ambient O3, PM2.5 and NO2 and measures of domain-specific cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Gatto
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Population Medicine, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan A St John
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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13
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Jung CR, Lin YT, Hwang BF. Air pollution and newly diagnostic autism spectrum disorders: a population-based cohort study in Taiwan. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75510. [PMID: 24086549 PMCID: PMC3783370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited evidence that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution increases the risk of childhood autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The objective of the study was to investigate the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and newly diagnostic ASD in Taiwan. We conducted a population-based cohort of 49,073 children age less than 3 years in 2000 that were retrieved from Taiwan National Insurance Research Database and followed up from 2000 through 2010. Inverse distance weighting method was used to form exposure parameter for ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 µm (PM10). Time-dependent Cox proportional hazards (PH) model was performed to evaluate the relationship between yearly average exposure air pollutants of preceding years and newly diagnostic ASD. The risk of newly diagnostic ASD increased according to increasing O3, CO, NO2, and SO2 levels. The effect estimate indicating an approximately 59% risk increase per 10 ppb increase in O3 level (95% CI 1.42–1.79), 37% risk increase per 100 ppb in CO (95% CI 1.31–1.44), 340% risk increase per 10 ppb increase in NO2 level (95% CI 3.31–5.85), and 17% risk increase per 1 ppb in SO2 level (95% CI 1.09–1.27) was stable with different combinations of air pollutants in the multi-pollutant models. Our results provide evident that children exposure to O3, CO, NO2, and SO2 in the preceding 1 year to 4 years may increase the risk of ASD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chau-Ren Jung
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Lin
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Fang Hwang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Becerra TA, Wilhelm M, Olsen J, Cockburn M, Ritz B. Ambient air pollution and autism in Los Angeles county, California. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2013; 121:380-6. [PMID: 23249813 PMCID: PMC3621187 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autistic disorder (AD), a serious developmental condition, has risen dramatically over the past two decades, but high-quality population-based research addressing etiology is limited. OBJECTIVES We studied the influence of exposures to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy on the development of autism using data from air monitoring stations and a land use regression (LUR) model to estimate exposures. METHODS Children of mothers who gave birth in Los Angeles, California, who were diagnosed with a primary AD diagnosis at 3-5 years of age during 1998-2009 were identified through the California Department of Developmental Services and linked to 1995-2006 California birth certificates. For 7,603 children with autism and 10 controls per case matched by sex, birth year, and minimum gestational age, birth addresses were mapped and linked to the nearest air monitoring station and a LUR model. We used conditional logistic regression, adjusting for maternal and perinatal characteristics including indicators of SES. RESULTS Per interquartile range (IQR) increase, we estimated a 12-15% relative increase in odds of autism for ozone [odds ratio (OR) = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.19; per 11.54-ppb increase] and particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.24; per 4.68-μg/m3 increase) when mutually adjusting for both pollutants. Furthermore, we estimated 3-9% relative increases in odds per IQR increase for LUR-based nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide exposure estimates. LUR-based associations were strongest for children of mothers with less than a high school education. CONCLUSION Measured and estimated exposures from ambient pollutant monitors and LUR model suggest associations between autism and prenatal air pollution exposure, mostly related to traffic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Ann Becerra
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1772, USA
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15
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Block ML, Elder A, Auten RL, Bilbo SD, Chen H, Chen JC, Cory-Slechta DA, Costa D, Diaz-Sanchez D, Dorman DC, Gold DR, Gray K, Jeng HA, Kaufman JD, Kleinman MT, Kirshner A, Lawler C, Miller DS, Nadadur SS, Ritz B, Semmens EO, Tonelli LH, Veronesi B, Wright RO, Wright RJ. The outdoor air pollution and brain health workshop. Neurotoxicology 2012; 33:972-84. [PMID: 22981845 PMCID: PMC3726250 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that outdoor air pollution may have a significant impact on central nervous system (CNS) health and disease. To address this issue, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institute of Health convened a panel of research scientists that was assigned the task of identifying research gaps and priority goals essential for advancing this growing field and addressing an emerging human health concern. Here, we review recent findings that have established the effects of inhaled air pollutants in the brain, explore the potential mechanisms driving these phenomena, and discuss the recommended research priorities/approaches that were identified by the panel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Block
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Campus, Richmond, VA, USA.
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16
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Auten RL, Foster WM. Biochemical effects of ozone on asthma during postnatal development. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2011; 1810:1114-9. [PMID: 21276837 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2011.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2010] [Revised: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ozone exposure during early life has the potential to contribute to the development of asthma as well as to exacerbate underlying allergic asthma. SCOPE OF REVIEW Developmentally regulated aspects of sensitivity to ozone exposure and downstream biochemical and cellular responses. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Developmental differences in antioxidant defense responses, respiratory physiology, and vulnerabilities to cellular injury during particular developmental stages all contribute to disparities in the health effects of ozone exposure between children and adults. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Ozone exposure has the capacity to affect multiple aspects of the "effector arc" of airway hyperresponsiveness, ranging from initial epithelial damage and neural excitation to neural reprogramming during infancy. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biochemistry of Asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Auten
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatal Medicine), Duke University, DUMC Box 3373, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Santucci D, Sorace A, Francia N, Aloe L, Alleva E. Prolonged prenatal exposure to low-level ozone affects aggressive behaviour as well as NGF and BDNF levels in the central nervous system of CD-1 mice. Behav Brain Res 2005; 166:124-30. [PMID: 16263182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2005.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2005] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 07/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The long-term effects on isolation-induced aggressive behaviour and central NGF and BDNF levels of gestational exposures to ozone (O(3)) were evaluated in adult CD-1 mice. Females were exposed to O(3), at the dose of 0.0, 0.3 or 0.6 ppm from 30 days prior the formation of breeding pairs until gestational day 17. Litters were fostered at birth to untreated dams and, at adulthood, male offspring underwent five successive daily encounters (15 min each) with a standard opponent of the same strain, sex, weight and age. The encounters on day 1, 3 and 5 were videotaped and agonistic and non-agonistic behavioural items finely scored. O(3)-exposed mice showed a significant increase in freezing and defensive postures, a decrease in nose-sniffing behaviour and reduced progressively the aggressive behavioural profile displayed on day 1. Reduced NGF levels in the hippocampus and increased BDNF in the striatum were also found upon O(3) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Santucci
- Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
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Servais S, Boussouar A, Molnar A, Douki T, Pequignot JM, Favier R. Age-related sensitivity to lung oxidative stress during ozone exposure. Free Radic Res 2005; 39:305-16. [PMID: 15788235 DOI: 10.1080/10715760400011098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As immature and aged rats could be more sensitive to ozone (O(3))-linked lung oxidative stress we have attempted to shed more light on age-related susceptibility to O(3) with focusing our interest on lung mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lung pro/antioxidant status. For this purpose, we exposed to fresh air or O(3) (500 ppb 12 h per day, for 7 days) 3 week- (immature), 6 month- (adult) and 20 month-old rats (aged). We determined, in lung, H(2)O(2) release by mitochondria, activities of major antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)], heat shock protein (HSP(72)) content and 8-oxodG and dG-HNE nDNA contents, as DNA oxidative damage markers. In adult rats we did not observe alteration of pro/antioxidant status. In contrast to adults, immature rats exposed to O(3) higher nDNA 8-oxodG content and HSP(72) and without antioxidant enzymes modification. Aged rats displayed mild uncoupled lung mitochondria, increased SOD and GPx activities, and higher 8-oxodG content after O(3) exposure. Thus, in contrast to adults, immature and aged rats displayed lung oxidative stress after O(3) exposure. Higher sensitivity of immature to O(3) was partly related to ventilatory parameters and to the absence of antioxidant enzyme response. In aged rats, the increase in cytosolic SOD and GPx activities during O(3) exposure was not sufficient to prevent the impairment in mitochondrial function and accumulation in lung 8- oxodG. Finally, we showed that mitochondria seem not to be a major source of ROS under O(3) exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Servais
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5123 CNRS, Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégative Cellulaire et Moléclaire, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France.
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