1
|
Obata Y, Kurokawa K, Tojima T, Natsume M, Shiina I, Takahashi T, Abe R, Nakano A, Nishida T. Golgi retention and oncogenic KIT signaling via PLCγ2-PKD2-PI4KIIIβ activation in gastrointestinal stromal tumor cells. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113035. [PMID: 37616163 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) develop due to gain-of-function mutations in the tyrosine kinase gene, KIT. We recently showed that mutant KIT mislocalizes to the Golgi area and initiates uncontrolled signaling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its Golgi retention remain unknown. Here, we show that protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is activated by the mutant, which causes Golgi retention of KIT. In PKD2-inhibited cells, KIT migrates from the Golgi region to lysosomes and subsequently undergoes degradation. Importantly, delocalized KIT cannot trigger downstream activation. In the Golgi/trans-Golgi network (TGN), KIT activates the PKD2-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PKD2-PI4KIIIβ) pathway through phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2) to generate a PI4P-rich membrane domain, where the AP1-GGA1 complex is aberrantly recruited. Disruption of any factors in this cascade results in the release of KIT from the Golgi/TGN. Our findings show the molecular mechanisms underlying KIT mislocalization and provide evidence for a strategy for inhibition of oncogenic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Obata
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan.
| | - Kazuo Kurokawa
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuro Tojima
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Miyuki Natsume
- Laboratory of Intracellular Traffic & Oncology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Isamu Shiina
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Abe
- Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nakano
- Live Cell Super-Resolution Imaging Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshirou Nishida
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan; Laboratory of Nuclear Transport Dynamics, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krainer J, Hendling M, Siebenhandl S, Fuehner S, Kessel C, Verweyen E, Vierlinger K, Foell D, Schönthaler S, Weinhäusel A. Patients with Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (SJIA) Show Differences in Autoantibody Signatures Based on Disease Activity. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1392. [PMID: 37759792 PMCID: PMC10527260 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a severe rheumatic disease in children. It is a subgroup of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA; MIM #604302), which is the most common rheumatic disease in children. The diagnosis of SJIA often comes with a significant delay, and the classification between autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease is still discussed. In this study, we analyzed the immunological responses of patients with SJIA, using human proteome arrays presenting immobilized recombinantly expressed human proteins, to analyze the involvement of autoantibodies in SJIA. Results from group comparisons show several differentially reactive antigens involved in inflammatory processes. Intriguingly, many of the identified antigens had a high reactivity against proteins involved in the NF-κB pathway, and it is also notable that many of the detected DIRAGs are described as dysregulated in rheumatoid arthritis. Our data highlight novel proteins and pathways potentially dysregulated in SJIA and offer a unique approach to unraveling the underlying disease pathogenesis in this chronic arthropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Krainer
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Michaela Hendling
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Sandra Siebenhandl
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabrina Fuehner
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.); (E.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Christoph Kessel
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.); (E.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Emely Verweyen
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.); (E.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Klemens Vierlinger
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Dirk Foell
- Pediatric Rheumatology & Immunology, University Children’s Hospital, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.F.); (C.K.); (E.V.); (D.F.)
| | - Silvia Schönthaler
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Weinhäusel
- Center for Health and Bioresources, Molecular Diagnostics, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Giefinggasse 4, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (M.H.); (K.V.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Su K, Peng Y, Yu H. Development of a Prognostic Model Based on Pyroptosis-Related Genes in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9141117. [PMID: 35677632 PMCID: PMC9169203 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9141117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The importance of pyroptosis in tumorigenesis and cancer progression is becoming increasingly apparent. However, the efficacy of using pyroptosis-related genes (PRGs) in predicting the prognosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) patients is unknown. Methods This investigation used two databases to obtain expression data for PAAD patients. Differentially expressed PRGs (DEPRGs) were identified between PAAD and control samples. Several bioinformatic approaches were used to analyze the biological functions of DEPRGs and to identify prognostic DERPGs. A miRNA-prognostic DEPRG-transcription factor (TF) regulatory network was created via the miRNet online tool. A risk score model was created after each patient's risk score was calculated. The microenvironments of the low- and high-risk groups were assessed using xCell, the expression of immune checkpoints was determined, and gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed. Finally, the efficacy of certain potential drugs was predicted using the pRRophetic algorithm, and the results in the high- and low-risk groups were compared. Results A total of 13 DEPRGs were identified between PAAD and control samples. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the DEPRGs had a close relationship with inflammation. In univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses, GSDMC, IRF1, and PLCG1 were identified as prognostic biomarkers in PAAD. The results of the miRNA-prognostic DEPRG-TF regulatory network showed that GSDMC, IRF1, and PLCG1 were regulated by both specific and common miRNAs and TFs. Based on the risk score and other independent prognostic indicators, a nomogram with a good ability to predict the survival of PAAD patients was developed. By evaluating the tumor microenvironment, we observed that the immune and metabolic microenvironments of the two groups were substantially different. In addition, individuals in the low-risk group were more susceptible to axitinib and camptothecin, whereas lapatinib might be preferred for patients in the high-risk group. Conclusion Our study revealed the prognostic value of PRGs in PAAD and created a reliable model for predicting the prognosis of PAAD patients. Our findings will benefit the prognostication and treatment of PAAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Su
- Medical Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yang Peng
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haochen Yu
- Medical Faculty of Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, University Hospital of LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Endocrine and Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan S, Chen L, Song C, Fan T, Hao B, Zhang L, Li D, Geng Q. Comprehensive molecular analysis of a four-pyroptosis-gene signature with prognosis and immune landscape in lung adenocarcinoma. Genomics 2022; 114:110355. [PMID: 35364268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis plays an important role in tumor immunity. However, the biological behavior and prognostic significance of pyroptosis remain unclear. We identified 41 pyroptosis regulators differently expressed in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). All cases of LUAD can be classified into two molecular subtypes using unsupervised clustering algorithm. Using multiple analyses, a four-pyroptosis-gene signature was constructed, and all LUAD patients were categorized as low-risk or high-risk with a longer overall survival (OS) time in the low-risk group(P < 0.001). This signature had power prognosis and stratification which was validated by six independent datasets and clinical subtypes. Besides, this signature showed distinct clinical outcomes, immune landscapes in different risk groups. Moreover, the low-risk group had a higher response against immunotherapy with a lower TIDE score. Importantly, this signature surpassed other biomarkers (TIDE, TMB, PD-L1) in predicting prognosis. Overall, the current study might help with precise prognostic prediction and crucial treatment strategies, eventually promoting tailored therapy for LUAD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Chongkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bo Hao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Donghang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238th Jiefang Road, Wuhan 430060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moraes BC, Ribeiro-Filho HV, Roldão AP, Toniolo EF, Carretero GPB, Sgro GG, Batista FAH, Berardi DE, Oliveira VRS, Tomasin R, Vieceli FM, Pramio DT, Cardoso AB, Figueira ACM, Farah SC, Devi LA, Dale CS, de Oliveira PSL, Schechtman D. Structural analysis of TrkA mutations in patients with congenital insensitivity to pain reveals PLCγ as an analgesic drug target. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabm6046. [PMID: 35471943 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abm6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain is a major health issue, and the search for new analgesics has become increasingly important because of the addictive properties and unwanted side effects of opioids. To explore potentially new drug targets, we investigated mutations in the NTRK1 gene found in individuals with congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA). NTRK1 encodes tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA), the receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF) and that contributes to nociception. Molecular modeling and biochemical analysis identified mutations that decreased the interaction between TrkA and one of its substrates and signaling effectors, phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ). We developed a cell-permeable phosphopeptide derived from TrkA (TAT-pQYP) that bound the Src homology domain 2 (SH2) of PLCγ. In HEK-293T cells, TAT-pQYP inhibited the binding of heterologously expressed TrkA to PLCγ and decreased NGF-induced, TrkA-mediated PLCγ activation and signaling. In mice, intraplantar administration of TAT-pQYP decreased mechanical sensitivity in an inflammatory pain model, suggesting that targeting this interaction may be analgesic. The findings demonstrate a strategy to identify new targets for pain relief by analyzing the signaling pathways that are perturbed in CIPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz C Moraes
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Helder V Ribeiro-Filho
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Allan P Roldão
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Elaine F Toniolo
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain (LaNed), Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo P B Carretero
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Germán G Sgro
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil.,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A H Batista
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Damian E Berardi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Victoria R S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain (LaNed), Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rebeka Tomasin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Felipe M Vieceli
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Dimitrius T Pramio
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Cardoso
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Figueira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Shaker C Farah
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lakshmi A Devi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Camila S Dale
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Experimental Pain (LaNed), Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo S L de Oliveira
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio) Campinas, SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Deborah Schechtman
- Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pyroptosis-Related Gene Signature Is a Novel Prognostic Biomarker for Sarcoma Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:9919842. [PMID: 34904022 PMCID: PMC8665299 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9919842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sarcoma is a rare and an extremely aggressive form of cancer that originates from mesenchymal cells. Pyroptosis exerts a dual effect on tumours by inhibiting tumour cell proliferation while creating a microenvironment suitable for tumour cell development and proliferation. However, the significance of pyroptosis-related gene (PRG) expression in sarcoma has not yet been evaluated. Here, we conduct a retrospective analysis to examine PRG expression in 256 sarcoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. We identified the PRGs that had a significant correlation with overall patient survival in sarcoma by performing a univariate Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, we conducted a LASSO regression analysis and created a risk model for a six-PRG signature. As indicated from the Kaplan–Meier analysis, this signature revealed a significant difference between high- and low-risk sarcoma patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed that this signature could predict overall patient survival in sarcoma patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Gene ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed that five independent PRGs were closely associated with increased immune activity. Moreover, we also deciphered that increased number of immune cells infiltrated the tumour microenvironment in sarcoma. In brief, the PRG signature can effectively act as novel prognostic biomarker for sarcoma patients and is associated with the tumour immune microenvironment.
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Y, Dai Q, Qi H. A novel defined pyroptosis-related gene signature for predicting the prognosis of ovarian cancer. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:71. [PMID: 33828074 PMCID: PMC8026591 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is a highly malignant gynaecological tumour that has a very poor prognosis. Pyroptosis has been demonstrated in recent years to be an inflammatory form of programmed cell death. However, the expression of pyroptosis-related genes in OC and their correlations with prognosis remain unclear. In this study, we identified 31 pyroptosis regulators that were differentially expressed between OC and normal ovarian tissues. Based on these differentially expressed genes (DEGs), all OC cases could be divided into two subtypes. The prognostic value of each pyroptosis-related gene for survival was evaluated to construct a multigene signature using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort. By applying the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression method, a 7-gene signature was built and classified all OC patients in the TCGA cohort into a low- or high-risk group. OC patients in the low-risk group showed significantly higher survival possibilities than those in the high-risk group (P < 0.001). Utilizing the median risk score from the TCGA cohort, OC patients from a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort were divided into two risk subgroups, and the low-risk group had increased overall survival (OS) time (P = 0.014). Combined with the clinical characteristics, the risk score was found to be an independent factor for predicting the OS of OC patients. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encylopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that immune-related genes were enriched and that the immune status was decreased in the high-risk group. In conclusion, pyroptosis-related genes play important roles in tumour immunity and can be used to predict the prognosis of OCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ye
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Qinjin Dai
- Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Qi
- The Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang XL, Khan MI, Wang J, Ali R, Ali SW, Zahra QUA, Kazmi A, Lolai A, Huang YL, Hussain A, Bilal M, Li F, Qiu B. Role of receptor tyrosine kinases mediated signal transduction pathways in tumor growth and angiogenesis-New insight and futuristic vision. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:739-752. [PMID: 33737188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the past two decades towards the understanding of the basic mechanisms underlying cancer growth and angiogenesis. In this context, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a pivotal role in cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, motility, invasion, and angiogenesis, all of which contribute to tumor growth and progression. Mutations in RTKs lead to abnormal signal transductions in several pathways such as Ras-Raf, MEK-MAPK, PI3K-AKT and mTOR pathways, affecting a wide range of biological functions including cell proliferation, survival, migration and vascular permeability. Increasing evidence demonstrates that multiple kinases are involved in angiogenesis including RTKs such as vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, Hepatocyte Growth factor, Tie 1 & 2, Tek, Flt-3, Flt-4 and Eph receptors. Overactivation of RTKs and its downstream regulation is implicated in tumor initiation and angiogenesis, representing one of the hallmarks of cancer. This review discusses the role of RTKs, PI3K, and mTOR, their involvement, and their implication in pro-oncogenic cellular processes and angiogenesis with effective approaches and newly approved drugs to inhibit their unrestrained action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin Huang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Jing Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Rizwan Ali
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Syed Wajahat Ali
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Qurat-Ul-Ain Zahra
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ahsan Kazmi
- Department of Pathology, Al-Nafees Medical College and Hospital, Isra University, Islamabad 45600, Pakistan
| | - Arbelo Lolai
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Yu Lin Huang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Alamdar Hussain
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Hospital, Huddinge, SE 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Chak Shahzad Campus, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Hefei National Lab for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and the Centers for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim BS, Auerbach DA, Sadhra H, Godwin M, Bhandari R, Ling FS, Mohan A, Yule DI, Wagner L, Rich DQ, Tura S, Morrell CN, Timpanaro-Perrotta L, Younis A, Goldenberg I, Cameron SJ. Sex-Specific Platelet Activation Through Protease-Activated Receptors Reverses in Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:390-400. [PMID: 33176447 PMCID: PMC7770120 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The platelet phenotype in certain patients and clinical contexts may differ from healthy conditions. We evaluated platelet activation through specific receptors in healthy men and women, comparing this to patients presenting with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Approach and Results: We identified independent predictors of platelet activation through certain receptors and a murine MI model further explored these findings. Platelets from healthy women and female mice are more reactive through PARs (protease-activated receptors) compared with platelets from men and male mice. Multivariate regression analyses revealed male sex and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction as independent predictors of enhanced PAR1 activation in human platelets. Platelet PAR1 signaling decreased in women and increased in men during MI which was the opposite of what was observed during healthy conditions. Similarly, in mice, thrombin-mediated platelet activation was greater in healthy females compared with males, and lesser in females compared with males at the time of MI. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific signaling in platelets seems to be a cross-species phenomenon. The divergent platelet phenotype in males and females at the time of MI suggests a sex-specific antiplatelet drug regimen should be prospectively evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beom Soo Kim
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - David A. Auerbach
- Department of Pharmacology, SUNY Upstate Medical
University, Syracuse, New York
| | - Hamza Sadhra
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Matthew Godwin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner
Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rohan Bhandari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner
Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of
Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| | - Frederick S. Ling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Amy Mohan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - David I. Yule
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Larry Wagner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - David Q. Rich
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Sara Tura
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Craig N. Morrell
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Livia Timpanaro-Perrotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner
Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Arwa Younis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Ilan Goldenberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University
of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
| | - Scott J. Cameron
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of
Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner
Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
- Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Department of
Cardiovascular Medicine, Section of Vascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, Ohio 44195
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Song W, Kim LC, Han W, Hou Y, Edwards DN, Wang S, Blackwell TS, Cheng F, Brantley-Sieders DM, Chen J. Phosphorylation of PLCγ1 by EphA2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Promotes Tumor Growth in Lung Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 18:1735-1743. [PMID: 32753469 PMCID: PMC7641970 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is often expressed at high levels in cancer and has been shown to regulate tumor growth and metastasis across multiple tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer. A number of signaling pathways downstream of EphA2 RTK have been identified; however, mechanisms of EphA2 proximal downstream signals are less well characterized. In this study, we used a yeast-two-hybrid screen to identify phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCγ1) as a novel EphA2 interactor. EphA2 interacts with PLCγ1 and the kinase activity of EphA2 was required for phosphorylation of PLCγ1. In human lung cancer cells, genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of EphA2 decreased phosphorylation of PLCγ1 and loss of PLCγ1 inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro. Knockout of PLCγ1 by CRISPR-mediated genome editing also impaired tumor growth in a KrasG12D-p53-Lkb1 murine lung tumor model. Collectively, these data show that the EphA2-PLCγ1 signaling axis promotes tumor growth of lung cancer and provides rationale for disruption of this signaling axis as a potential therapeutic option. IMPLICATIONS: The EphA2-PLCG1 signaling axis promotes tumor growth of non-small cell lung cancer and can potentially be targeted as a therapeutic option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Song
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Laura C Kim
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Wei Han
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuan Hou
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Deanna N Edwards
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shan Wang
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dana M Brantley-Sieders
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Epidermal Growth Factor Stimulates Fatty Acid Synthesis Mainly via PLC-γ1/Akt Signaling Pathway in Dairy Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10060930. [PMID: 32481546 PMCID: PMC7341511 DOI: 10.3390/ani10060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Goat milk contains an abundance of fatty acids which are benefit to human health. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a small peptide which could positively regulate the growth, development and differentiation of the mammary gland during lactation. However, little information is available about EGF in regulating lipid metabolism in the mammary gland. This study investigated the effects of EGF on the triglyceride (TG) synthesis, lipogenic genes expression and the downstream signal protein levels in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). Our findings indicated EGF might be beneficial to improve milk fat synthesis of dairy goats. Abstract EGF acts as a ligand of the EGF receptor (EGFR) to activate the EGFR-mediated signaling pathways and is involved in the regulation of cell physiology. However, the roles of EGFR mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of lipid metabolism in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) are poorly understood. To evaluate the impact of EGF on GMECs, the triglyceride (TG) content and lipid droplet were detected, using TG assay and immunofluorescence. Further, expression of lipogenic genes, the protein kinase B (Akt), phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 signaling pathways were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. The results showed that the mRNA expression of EGFR gene was significantly upregulated in lactating goat mammary gland tissues compared to non-lactation period (p < 0.05). TG contents in EGF-treated GMECs were significantly increased (p < 0.05), and an increase of lipid droplets was also detected. In vitro studies demonstrated that the mRNA levels of lipogenesis-related FASN, ACC, SCD1, LXRa, LXRb and SP1 genes were positively correlated to the mRNA level of EGFR gene shown by gene overexpression and silencing (p < 0.05). The phosphorylations of Akt, ERK1/2 and PLC-γ1 in GMECs were greatly upregulated in the presence of EGF, and specific inhibitors were capable of blocking the phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2 and PLC-γ1. Compared with EGF-treated GMECs, the mRNA levels of FASN, ACC and SCD1 were significantly decreased in GMECs co-treated with PLC-γ1 and Akt inhibitor and EGF (p < 0.05), and TG content was also dropped significantly. These observations implied that EGFR plays an important role in regulating de novo fatty acid synthesis in GMECs, mainly mediated by Akt and PLC-γ1 signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
12
|
The Impact of Kinases in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis at the Neuromuscular Synapse: Insights into BDNF/TrkB and PKC Signaling. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121578. [PMID: 31817487 PMCID: PMC6953086 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) promotes neuron survival in adulthood in the central nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system, BDNF is a contraction-inducible protein that, through its binding to tropomyosin-related kinase B receptor (TrkB), contributes to the retrograde neuroprotective control done by muscles, which is necessary for motor neuron function. BDNF/TrkB triggers downstream presynaptic pathways, involving protein kinase C, essential for synaptic function and maintenance. Undeniably, this reciprocally regulated system exemplifies the tight communication between nerve terminals and myocytes to promote synaptic function and reveals a new view about the complementary and essential role of pre and postsynaptic interplay in keeping the synapse healthy and strong. This signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) could establish new intervention targets across neuromuscular diseases characterized by deficits in presynaptic activity and muscle contractility and by the interruption of the connection between nervous and muscular tissues, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Indeed, exercise and other therapies that modulate kinases are effective at delaying ALS progression, preserving NMJs and maintaining motor function to increase the life quality of patients. Altogether, we review synaptic activity modulation of the BDNF/TrkB/PKC signaling to sustain NMJ function, its and other kinases’ disturbances in ALS and physical and molecular mechanisms to delay disease progression.
Collapse
|
13
|
Tang W, Zhao Z, Wang C, Ye T, Yang B. Molecular design and optimization of hepatic cancer SLP76-derived PLCγ1 SH3-binding peptide with the systematic N-substitution of peptide PXXP motif. J Mol Recognit 2019; 32:e2806. [PMID: 31397025 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The phospholipase Cγ1 (PLCγ1) is essential for T-cell signaling and activation in hepatic cancer immune response, which has a regulatory Src homology 3 (SH3) domain that can specifically recognize and interact with the PXXP-containing decapeptide segment (185 QPPVPPQRPM194 , termed as SLP76185-194 peptide) of adaptor protein SLP76 following T-cell receptor ligation. The isolated peptide can only bind to the PLCγ1 SH3 domain with a moderate affinity due to lack of protein context support. Instead of the traditional natural residue mutagenesis that is limited by low structural diversity and shifted target specificity, we herein attempt to improve the peptide affinity by replacing the two key proline residues Pro187 and Pro190 of SLP76185-194 PXXP motif with nonnatural N-substituted amino acids, as the proline is the only endogenous N-substituted amino acid. The replacement would increase peptide flexibility but can restore peptide activity by establishing additional interactions with the domain. Structural analysis reveals that the domain pocket can be divided into a large amphipathic region and a small negatively charged region; they accommodate hydrophobic, aromatic, polar, and moderate-sized N-substituted amino acid types. A systematic replacement combination profile between the peptide residues Pro187 and Pro190 is created by structural modeling, dynamics simulation, and energetics analysis, from which six improved and two reduced N-substituted peptides as well as native SLP76185-194 peptide are identified and tested for their binding affinity to the recombinant protein of the human PLCγ1 SH3 domain using fluorescence-based assays. Two N-substituted peptides, SLP76185-194 (N-Leu187/N-Gln190) and SLP76185-194 (N-Thr187/N-Gln190), are designed to have high potency (Kd = 0.67 ± 0.18 and 1.7 ± 0.3 μM, respectively), with affinity improvement by, respectively, 8.5-fold and 3.4-fold relative to native peptide (Kd = 5.7 ± 1.2 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Liver Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Department of Oncology, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biwei Yang
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
de Araújo R, Lôbo M, Trindade K, Silva DF, Pereira N. Fibroblast Growth Factors: A Controlling Mechanism of Skin Aging. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:275-282. [PMID: 31352445 DOI: 10.1159/000501145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous aging is a complex and continuous biological process characterized by cellular and molecular alterations, with progressive reduction of the body's capacity to maintain the homeostasis, senescence, and/or apoptosis of the dermal cells. Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) have elicited studies to evaluate their role of repair and remodeling of the dermis during the skin anti-aging process, since they are regulatory proteins that mediate important signaling pathways and act on cell regeneration and repair processes. FGF acts primarily through binding to tyrosine kinase receptors through the autophosphorylation of their residues, promoting the phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of specific target proteins such as Raf-1, MAPK/Erk kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1, which are part of the cascade of MAP kinases (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Then, FGF initiate signaling cascades inside the cell, where each kinase activates the following by phosphorylation, resulting in alterations of cellular functions. In addition, the FGF has a relevant role in anti-aging therapy because it is related to collagen and elastin synthesis activation responsible for skin resistance and elasticity, characteristics that are diminished with skin aging. Thus, the present article aims to review several scientific studies that demonstrated the cell signaling involved with the action of FGF on skin aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rousilândia de Araújo
- Pharmacy College, Laboratory of Research in Medicines and Cosmetics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Myla Lôbo
- Pharmacy College, Laboratory of Research in Medicines and Cosmetics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Kelvis Trindade
- Pharmacy College, Laboratory of Research in Medicines and Cosmetics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Darizy Flávia Silva
- Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Bioregulation, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil,
| | - Neila Pereira
- Pharmacy College, Laboratory of Research in Medicines and Cosmetics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yablonski D. Bridging the Gap: Modulatory Roles of the Grb2-Family Adaptor, Gads, in Cellular and Allergic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 31402911 PMCID: PMC6669380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor signaling pathways are organized by adaptor proteins. Three adaptors, LAT, Gads, and SLP-76, form a heterotrimeric complex that mediates signaling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and by the mast cell high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). In both pathways, antigen recognition triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76. The recruitment of SLP-76 to phospho-LAT is bridged by Gads, a Grb2 family adaptor composed of two SH3 domains flanking a central SH2 domain and an unstructured linker region. The LAT-Gads-SLP-76 complex is further incorporated into larger microclusters that mediate antigen receptor signaling. Gads is positively regulated by dimerization, which promotes its cooperative binding to LAT. Negative regulation occurs via phosphorylation or caspase-mediated cleavage of the linker region of Gads. FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation is profoundly impaired in LAT- Gads- or SLP-76-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, the thymic developmental phenotype of Gads-deficient mice is much milder than the phenotype of LAT- or SLP-76-deficient mice. This distinction suggests that Gads is not absolutely required for TCR signaling, but may modulate its sensitivity, or regulate a particular branch of the TCR signaling pathway; indeed, the phenotypic similarity of Gads- and Itk-deficient mice suggests a functional connection between Gads and Itk. Additional Gads binding partners include costimulatory proteins such as CD28 and CD6, adaptors such as Shc, ubiquitin regulatory proteins such as USP8 and AMSH, and kinases such as HPK1 and BCR-ABL, but the functional implications of these interactions are not yet fully understood. No interacting proteins or function have been ascribed to the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal SH3 of Gads. Here we explore the biochemical and functional properties of Gads, and its role in regulating allergy, T cell development and T-cell mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Yablonski
- The Immune Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yablonski D. Bridging the Gap: Modulatory Roles of the Grb2-Family Adaptor, Gads, in Cellular and Allergic Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1704. [PMID: 31402911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01704/full] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antigen receptor signaling pathways are organized by adaptor proteins. Three adaptors, LAT, Gads, and SLP-76, form a heterotrimeric complex that mediates signaling by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and by the mast cell high affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI). In both pathways, antigen recognition triggers tyrosine phosphorylation of LAT and SLP-76. The recruitment of SLP-76 to phospho-LAT is bridged by Gads, a Grb2 family adaptor composed of two SH3 domains flanking a central SH2 domain and an unstructured linker region. The LAT-Gads-SLP-76 complex is further incorporated into larger microclusters that mediate antigen receptor signaling. Gads is positively regulated by dimerization, which promotes its cooperative binding to LAT. Negative regulation occurs via phosphorylation or caspase-mediated cleavage of the linker region of Gads. FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation is profoundly impaired in LAT- Gads- or SLP-76-deficient mice. Unexpectedly, the thymic developmental phenotype of Gads-deficient mice is much milder than the phenotype of LAT- or SLP-76-deficient mice. This distinction suggests that Gads is not absolutely required for TCR signaling, but may modulate its sensitivity, or regulate a particular branch of the TCR signaling pathway; indeed, the phenotypic similarity of Gads- and Itk-deficient mice suggests a functional connection between Gads and Itk. Additional Gads binding partners include costimulatory proteins such as CD28 and CD6, adaptors such as Shc, ubiquitin regulatory proteins such as USP8 and AMSH, and kinases such as HPK1 and BCR-ABL, but the functional implications of these interactions are not yet fully understood. No interacting proteins or function have been ascribed to the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal SH3 of Gads. Here we explore the biochemical and functional properties of Gads, and its role in regulating allergy, T cell development and T-cell mediated immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Yablonski
- The Immune Cell Signaling Lab, Department of Immunology, Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Drug Targets in Neurotrophin Signaling in the Central and Peripheral Nervous System. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6939-6955. [PMID: 29372544 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0885-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of proteins that play an important role in the regulation of the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurotrophins were earlier characterized by their role in early development, growth, maintenance, and the plasticity of the nervous system during development, but recent findings also indicate their complex role during normal physiology in both neuronal and non-neuronal tissues. Therefore, it is important to recognize a deficiency in the expression of neurotrophins, a major factor driving the debilitating features of several neurologic and psychiatric diseases/disorders. On the other hand, overexpression of neurotrophins is well known to play a critical role in pathogenesis of chronic pain and afferent sensitization, underlying conditions such as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/disorders and osteoarthritis. The existence of a redundant receptor system of high-and low-affinity receptors accounts for the diverse, often antagonistic, effects of neurotrophins in neurons and non-neuronal tissues in a spatial and temporal manner. In addition, studies looking at bladder dysfunction because of conditions such as spinal cord injury and diabetes mellitus have found alterations in the levels of these neurotrophins in the bladder, as well as in sensory afferent neurons, which further opens a new avenue for therapeutic targets. In this review, we will discuss the characteristics and roles of key neurotrophins and their involvement in the central and periphery nervous system in both normal and diseased conditions.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ma G, Wen S, He L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Zhou Y. Optogenetic toolkit for precise control of calcium signaling. Cell Calcium 2017; 64:36-46. [PMID: 28104276 PMCID: PMC5457325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Calcium acts as a second messenger to regulate a myriad of cell functions, ranging from short-term muscle contraction and cell motility to long-term changes in gene expression and metabolism. To study the impact of Ca2+-modulated 'ON' and 'OFF' reactions in mammalian cells, pharmacological tools and 'caged' compounds are commonly used under various experimental conditions. The use of these reagents for precise control of Ca2+ signals, nonetheless, is impeded by lack of reversibility and specificity. The recently developed optogenetic tools, particularly those built upon engineered Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels, provide exciting opportunities to remotely and non-invasively modulate Ca2+ signaling due to their superior spatiotemporal resolution and rapid reversibility. In this review, we briefly summarize the latest advances in the development of optogenetic tools (collectively termed as 'genetically encoded Ca2+ actuators', or GECAs) that are tailored for the interrogation of Ca2+ signaling, as well as their applications in remote neuromodulation and optogenetic immunomodulation. Our goal is to provide a general guide to choosing appropriate GECAs for optical control of Ca2+ signaling in cellulo, and in parallel, to stimulate further thoughts on evolving non-opsin-based optogenetics into a fully fledged technology for the study of Ca2+-dependent activities in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Ma
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shufan Wen
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lian He
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Center for Epigenetics and Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Bryan, TX 77807, USA
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yubin Zhou
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Institute of Biosciences and Technology Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine Texas A&M University, Temple, TX 76504, USA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Woo SJ, Jo HI, Lee HH, Chung JK. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) phospholipase C gamma 1 and gamma 2. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:353-366. [PMID: 27894895 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipase C gamma 1 and gamma 2 (PLCG1 and PLCG2) are influential in modulating Ca2+ and diacylglycerol, second messengers involved in tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, including growth factor activation. Here, we used RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) to clone cDNA encoding PLCG1 (PoPLCG1) and PLCG2 (PoPLCG2) in the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). The respective 1313 and 1249 amino acid sequences share high identity with human PLCG1 and PLCG2, and contain the following domains: pleckstrin homology (PH), EF-hand, catalytic X and Y, Src homology 2 (SH2), Src homology 3 (SH3), and C2. Phylogenic analysis and sequence comparison of PoPLCG1 and PoPLCG2 with other PLC isozymes showed a close relationship between the two PLCGs, supported by structural analysis. In addition, tissue expression analysis showed that PoPLCG1 was expressed predominantly in the brain, eye, and heart, whereas PoPLCG2 was expressed principally in gills, esophagus, spleen, and kidney. Following stimulation with LPS and Poly I:C, PoPLCG expression was compared with the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α via reverse transcription-PCR and real-time quantitative PCR. Our results suggest that PoPLCG isozymes perform a critical immune function in olive flounder, being active in pathogen resistance and the inflammation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| | - Hyae In Jo
- Gyeongbuk Native Fish Business Center, Uiseong 37366, South Korea.
| | - Hyung Ho Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| | - Joon Ki Chung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu W, Liu B, Liu X, Chiang MYM, Li B, Xu Z, Liao X. Regulation of BMP2-induced intracellular calcium increases in osteoblasts. J Orthop Res 2016; 34:1725-1733. [PMID: 26890302 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is a well-characterized regulator that stimulates osteoblast differentiation, little is known about how it regulates intracellular Ca2+ signaling. In this study, intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+ ]i ) upon BMP2 application, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src activities were measured in the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line using fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based biosensors. Increase in [Ca2+ ]i , FAK, and Src activities were observed during BMP2 stimulation. The removal of extracellular calcium, the application of membrane channel inhibitors streptomycin or nifedipine, the FAK inhibitor PF-573228 (PF228), and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) siRNA all blocked the BMP2-stimulated [Ca2+ ]i increase, while the Src inhibitor PP1 did not. In contrast, a gentle decrease of endoplasmic reticulum calcium concentration was found after BMP2 stimulation, which could be blocked by both streptomycin and PP1. Further experiments revealed that BMP2-induced FAK activation could not be inhibited by PP1, ALP siRNA or the calcium channel inhibitor nifedipine. PF228, but not PP1 or calcium channel inhibitors, suppressed ALP elevation resulting from BMP2 stimulation. Therefore, our results suggest that BMP2 can increase [Ca2+ ]i through extracellular calcium influx regulated by FAK and ALP and can deplete ER calcium through Src signaling simultaneously. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1725-1733, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Y M Chiang
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, 20899, Maryland
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichen Xu
- Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, 401331, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jing Q, Wang Y, Liu H, Deng X, Jiang L, Liu R, Song H, Li J. FGFs: crucial factors that regulate tumour initiation and progression. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:438-47. [PMID: 27383016 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are crucial signalling molecules involved in normal cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Over the past few decades, a large body of research has illustrated effects of individual FGFs on tumour initiation and progression. Tumour development is commonly accompanied with generation of new blood and lymph vessels, which support enhanced cell proliferation. Moreover, acquisition of tumour cells of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, enhances tumour cell migration and invasion potentials, crucial steps in tumour metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings concerning roles of FGFs in angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and EMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Jing
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haixing Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li C, Tong H, Yan Q, Tang S, Han X, Xiao W, Tan Z. L-Theanine Improves Immunity by Altering TH2/TH1 Cytokine Balance, Brain Neurotransmitters, and Expression of Phospholipase C in Rat Hearts. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:662-9. [PMID: 26922362 PMCID: PMC4772912 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of L-theanine on secretion of immune cytokines, hormones, and neurotransmitters, and mRNA expression of phospholipase C (PLC) in rats, and to explore its regulatory mechanism in immune function. Material/Methods Sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats received daily intragastric infusion of different doses of L-theanine solution [0, 50 (LT), 200 (MT), and 400 (HT) mg/kg BW]. Cytokines, immunoglobulins, and hormones in the serum, neurotransmitters, and mRNA expression of PLC in the relevant tissues were assayed. Results L-theanine administration increased the splenic organ index and decreased the contents of ILs-4/6/10 and the ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ in the serum. High-dose L-theanine administration increased the levels of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the pituitary and hippocampus, resulting in decrease in corticosterone level in the serum. L-theanine administration decreased the mRNA expressions of PLC isomers in the liver and PLC-γ1 and PLC-δ1 in the spleen. Interestingly, mRNA expressions of PLC-βf1 in the spleen and PLC isomers mRNA in the heart were up-regulated by L-theanine administration. Conclusions Administration of 400 mg/kg BWL-theanine improved immune function of the rats by increasing the splenic weight, altering the Th2/Th1 cytokine balance, decreasing the corticosterone level in the serum, elevating dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain, and regulating the mRNA expression of PLC isomers in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Li
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Haiou Tong
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Research Center of Livestock & Poultry Sciences, South-Central Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Xuefeng Han
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, Provincial Co-Innovation Center for Utilization of Botanical Function Ingredients, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim JY, Park SH, Baek JM, Erkhembaatar M, Kim MS, Yoon KH, Oh J, Lee MS. Harpagoside Inhibits RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis via Syk-Btk-PLCγ2-Ca(2+) Signaling Pathway and Prevents Inflammation-Mediated Bone Loss. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2015; 78:2167-2174. [PMID: 26308264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Harpagoside (HAR) is a natural compound isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens (devil's claw) that is reported to have anti-inflammatory effects; however, these effects have not been investigated in the context of bone development. The current study describes for the first time that HAR inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro and suppresses inflammation-induced bone loss in a mouse model. HAR also inhibited the formation of osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) in a dose-dependent manner as well as the activity of mature osteoclasts, including filamentous actin (F-actin) ring formation and bone matrix breakdown. This involved a HAR-induced decrease in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation, leading to the inhibition of Syk-Btk-PLCγ2-Ca(2+) in RANKL-dependent early signaling, as well as the activation of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), which resulted in the down-regulation of various target genes. Consistent with these in vitro results, HAR blocked lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced bone loss in an inflammatory osteoporosis model. However, HAR did not prevent ovariectomy-mediated bone erosion in a postmenopausal osteoporosis model. These results suggest that HAR is a valuable agent against inflammation-related bone disorders but not osteoporosis induced by hormonal abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Young Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Sun-Hyang Park
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Jong Min Baek
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Munkhsoyol Erkhembaatar
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Min Seuk Kim
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Kwon-Ha Yoon
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Jaemin Oh
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| | - Myeung Su Lee
- Imaging Science-Based Lung and Bone Diseases Research Center, ‡Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, §Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, ⊥Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, ∥Institute for Skeletal Disease, and ▽Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University , Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Yeste M, Jones C, Amdani SN, Patel S, Coward K. Oocyte activation deficiency: a role for an oocyte contribution? Hum Reprod Update 2015; 22:23-47. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
25
|
Orlandi A, Calzetta L, Doldo E, Tarquini C, Matera MG, Passeri D. Brain natriuretic peptide modulates calcium homeostasis and epidermal growth factor receptor gene signalling in asthmatic airways smooth muscle cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2015; 31:51-4. [PMID: 25722070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The airway epithelium acts as a barrier and provides a critical interface between the body and the external environment. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plays an important role in several bronchial functions, including relaxation. BNP relaxes airways by binding and activating natriuretic peptide receptor-A expressed from the airway epithelium. Although relaxation effect has been extensively investigated, less is known about BNP-regulated intracellular biomolecular pathways leading to bronchial relaxation. To this aim, we investigated BNP effects on gene signalling of airway smooth muscle cells (ASM) obtained from donors with asthma by using a RT(2) profiler™ PCR array. When compared with control, treatment for 2 h with supernatant from BNP-treated (1 μM) bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) induced in asthmatic ASM cells a rapid reduction of transcription of EGFR and genes involving in actin and calcium homeostasis, as those of Protein kinase C (PKC) and RhoA-ROCK gene pathways. Immunofluorescence and western blotting did not shown any difference comparing control and ASM cells treated with conditioned medium from BNP-treated BEAS-2B. This study provides evidence that the effect of BNP on relaxing bronchial in ASM cells is mediated from epithelium and associates to rapid changes of EGFR and calcium homeostasis-associated gene levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Tor Vergata University Policlinic of Rome, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Doldo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarquini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Passeri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Institute of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Szebenyi SA, Ogura T, Sathyanesan A, AlMatrouk AK, Chang J, Lin W. Increases in intracellular calcium via activation of potentially multiple phospholipase C isozymes in mouse olfactory neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:336. [PMID: 25374507 PMCID: PMC4204526 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C (PLC) and internal Ca(2+) stores are involved in a variety of cellular functions. However, our understanding of PLC in mammalian olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) is generally limited to its controversial role in odor transduction. Here we employed single-cell Ca(2+) imaging and molecular approaches to investigate PLC-mediated Ca(2+) responses and its isozyme gene transcript expression. We found that the pan-PLC activator m-3M3FBS (25 μM) induces intracellular Ca(2+) increases in vast majority of isolated mouse OSNs tested. Both the response amplitude and percent responding cells depend on m-3M3FBS concentrations. In contrast, the inactive analog o-3M3FBS fails to induce Ca(2+) responses. The m-3M3FBS-induced Ca(2+) increase is blocked by the PLC inhibitor U73122, while its inactive analog U73433 has no effect. Removal of extracellular Ca(2+) does not change significantly the m-3M3FBS-induced Ca(2+) response amplitude. Additionally, in the absence of external Ca(2+), we found that a subset of OSNs respond to an odorant mixture with small Ca(2+) increases, which are significantly suppressed by U73122. Furthermore, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we found that multiple PLC isozyme gene transcripts are expressed in olfactory turbinate tissue in various levels. Using RNA in situ hybridization analysis, we further show expression of β4, γ1, γ2 gene transcripts in OSNs. Taken together, our results establish that PLC isozymes are potent enzymes for mobilizing intracellular Ca(2+) in mouse OSNs and provide molecular insight for PLC isozymes-mediated complex cell signaling and regulation in the peripheral olfactory epithelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Szebenyi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ogura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Aaron Sathyanesan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abdullah K AlMatrouk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Justin Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Roy R, Chauhan LKS, Das M, Tripathi A, Dwivedi PD. Phagocytic cells internalize ZnO particles by FcγII/III-receptor pathway. Immunobiology 2014; 219:746-55. [PMID: 25082708 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the process of internalization for bulk ZnO particles in macrophages, and further elucidates the underlying mechanism. Since macrophages are active phagocytes and phagocytosis is a size dependent phenomenon, therefore we hypothesized that bulk ZnO may internalize into macrophages by phagocytic pathways. Interestingly, the phagocytic activity got enhanced in bulk ZnO treated macrophages. Moreover, the bulk ZnO treated macrophages internalized via FcγR-II/III, complement and scavenger-receptor pathways. To confirm the specificity of phagocytic pathway, the uptake was also analyzed in splenocytes where phagocytic (monocytes) and non-phagocytic cells (lymphocytes) are present. It was observed that no significant uptake of bulk ZnO in case of lymphocytes whereas significant uptake in monocytes. Henceforth, our quest for uptake mechanisms also revealed that severe plasma membrane extensions (pseudopodia), FcγR clustering over the surface of macrophages and activation of FcγR signaling were the key players for bulk ZnO uptake; whereas clathrin or caveolae mediated endocytic pathways contributed less. Uptake of these particles was further strengthened by the ZnO-induced activation of the Src-kinase p-Lyn, phospho-tyrosine kinases Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase), p-PLC-γ and PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase). Our findings illustrate that the phagocytic nature of macrophages could have led to higher uptake of bulk ZnO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Roy
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - L K S Chauhan
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | - Premendra D Dwivedi
- Food, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, M.G. Marg. Post Box No. 80, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Teku GN, Ortutay C, Vihinen M. Identification of core T cell network based on immunome interactome. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2014; 8:17. [PMID: 24528953 PMCID: PMC3937033 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Data-driven studies on the dynamics of reconstructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks facilitate investigation and identification of proteins important for particular processes or diseases and reduces time and costs of experimental verification. Modeling the dynamics of very large PPI networks is computationally costly. Results To circumvent this problem, we created a link-weighted human immunome interactome and performed filtering. We reconstructed the immunome interactome and weighed the links using jackknife gene expression correlation of integrated, time course gene expression data. Statistical significance of the links was computed using the Global Statistical Significance (GloSS) filtering algorithm. P-values from GloSS were computed for the integrated, time course gene expression data. We filtered the immunome interactome to identify core components of the T cell PPI network (TPPIN). The interconnectedness of the major pathways for T cell survival and response, including the T cell receptor, MAPK and JAK-STAT pathways, are maintained in the TPPIN network. The obtained TPPIN network is supported both by Gene Ontology term enrichment analysis along with study of essential genes enrichment. Conclusions By integrating gene expression data to the immunome interactome and using a weighted network filtering method, we identified the T cell PPI immune response network. This network reveals the most central and crucial network in T cells. The approach is general and applicable to any dataset that contains sufficient information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mauno Vihinen
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Laestander C, Engström W. Role of fibroblast growth factors in elicitation of cell responses. Cell Prolif 2014; 47:3-11. [PMID: 24354576 PMCID: PMC6495704 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are signalling peptides that control important cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion and survival. Through binding to different types of receptor on the cell surface, these peptides can have different effects on a target cell, the effect achieved depending on many features. Thus, each of the known FGFs elicits specific biological responses. FGF receptors (FGFR 1-5) initiate diverse intracellular pathways, which in turn lead to a variety of results. FGFs also bind the range of FGFRs with a series of affinities and each type of cells expresses FGFRs in different qualitative and quantitative patterns, which also affect responses. To summarize, cell response to binding of an FGF ligand depends on type of FGF, FGF receptor and target cell, all interacting in concert. This review aims to examine properties of the FGF family and its members receptors. It also aims to summarize features of intracellular signalling and highlight differential effects of the various FGFs in different circumstances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. Laestander
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| | - W. Engström
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public HealthFaculty of Veterinary MedicineSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUppsalaSweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hunt CP, Fabb SA, Pouton CW, Haynes JM. DNA-dependent protein kinase is a context dependent regulator of Lmx1a and midbrain specification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78759. [PMID: 24194952 PMCID: PMC3806860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of small molecules capable of directing pluripotent cell differentiation towards specific lineages is highly desirable to both reduce cost, and increase efficiency. Within neural progenitors, LIM homeobox transcription factor 1 alpha (Lmx1a) is required for proper development of roof plate and cortical hem structures of the forebrain, as well as the development of floor plate and midbrain dopaminergic neurons. In this study we generated homologous recombinant cell lines expressing either luciferase or β-lactamase under the control of the Lmx1a promoter, and used these cell lines to investigate kinase-mediated regulation of Lmx1a activity during neuronal differentiation. A screen of 143 small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors yielded 16 compounds that positively or negatively modulated Lmx1a activity. Inhibition of EGF, VEGF and DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) signaling significantly upregulated Lmx1a activity whereas MEK inhibition strongly downregulated its activity. Quantitative FACS analysis revealed that the DNA-PK inhibitor significantly increased the number of Lmx1a+ progenitors while subsequent qPCR showed an upregulation of Notch effectors, the basic helix-loop-helix genes, Hes5 and Hey1. FACS further revealed that DNA-PK-mediated regulation of Lmx1a+ cells is dependent on the rapamycin-sensitive complex, mTORC1. Interestingly, this DNA-PK inhibitor effect was preserved in a co-culture differentiation protocol. Terminal differentiation assays showed that DNA-PK inhibition shifted development of neurons from forebrain toward midbrain character as assessed by Pitx3/TH immunolabeling and corresponding upregulation of midbrain (En1), but not forebrain (FoxG1) transcripts. These studies show that Lmx1a signaling in mouse embryonic stem cells contributes to a molecular cascade establishing neuronal specification. The data presented here identifies a novel regulatory pathway where signaling from DNA-PK appears to suppress midbrain-specific Lmx1a expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron P. Hunt
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stewart A. Fabb
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin W. Pouton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville), Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (JMH); (CWP)
| | - John M. Haynes
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville), Melbourne, Australia
- * E-mail: (JMH); (CWP)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Decker C, Hesker P, Zhang K, Faccio R. Targeted inhibition of phospholipase C γ2 adaptor function blocks osteoclastogenesis and protects from pathological osteolysis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33634-33641. [PMID: 24081142 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipase C γ2 (PLCγ2) is a critical regulator of innate immune cells and osteoclasts (OCs) during inflammatory arthritis. Both the catalytic domain and the adaptor motifs of PLCγ2 are required for OC formation and function. Due to the high homology between the catalytic domains of PLCγ2 and the ubiquitously expressed PLCγ1, molecules encompassing the adaptor motifs of PLCγ2 were designed to test the hypothesis that uncoupling the adaptor and catalytic functions of PLCγ2 could specifically inhibit osteoclastogenesis and bone erosion. Wild-type (WT) bone marrow macrophages (BMM) that overexpress the tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of PLCγ2 (SH2(N+C)) failed to form mature OCs and resorb bone in vitro. Activation of the receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling pathway, which is critical for OC development, was impaired in cells expressing SH2(N+C). Arrest in OC differentiation was evidenced by a reduction of p38 and Iκ-Bα phosphorylation as well as decreased NFATc1 and c-Fos/c-Jun levels. Consistent with our hypothesis, SH2(N+C) abrogated formation of the RANK-Gab2 complex, which mediates NF-κB and AP-1 activation following RANK ligand (RANKL) stimulation. Furthermore, the ability of SH2(N+C) to prevent inflammatory osteolysis was examined in vivo following RANKL or LPS injections over the calvaria. Both models induced osteolysis in the control group, whereas the SH2(N+C)-treated cohort was largely protected from bone erosion. Collectively, these data indicate that inflammatory osteolysis can be abrogated by treatment with a molecule composed of the tandem SH2 domains of PLCγ2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Decker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Pamela Hesker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
| | - Roberta Faccio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Phospholipases are enzymes that use phospholipids as substrate and are classified in three major classes A, C and D based on the reaction they catalyse. Phosphatidylinositol-specific Phospholipase C enzymes utilize phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as substrate and cleave the bond between the glycerol and the phosphate to produce important second messenger such as inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. The Phospholipase C members are the most well-known phospholipases for their role in lipid signalling and cell proliferation and comprise 13 isoforms classified in 6 distinct sub-families. In particular, signalling activated by Phospholipase C γ, mostly activated by receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases, is well characterized in different cell systems. Increasing evidence suggest that Phospholipase C γ plays a key role in cell migration and invasion. Because of its role in cell growth and invasion, aberrant Phospholipase C γ signalling can contribute to carcinogenesis. A major challenge facing investigators who seek to target Phospholipase C γ directly is the fact that it is considered an "undruggable" protein. Indeed, isoform specificity and toxicity represents a big hurdle in the development of Phospholipase C γ small molecule inhibitors. Therefore, a future development in the field could be the identification of interacting partners as therapeutic targets that could be more druggable than Phospholipase C γ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rossano Lattanzio
- Aging Research Centre, G. d'Annunzio University Foundation, 66013 Chieti, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Goetz R, Mohammadi M. Exploring mechanisms of FGF signalling through the lens of structural biology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2013; 14:166-80. [PMID: 23403721 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate a broad range of functions in both the developing and adult organism. The accumulated wealth of structural information on the FGF signalling pathway has begun to unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms that modulate this system to generate a myriad of distinct biological outputs in development, tissue homeostasis and metabolism. At the ligand and receptor level, these mechanisms include alternative splicing of the ligand (FGF8 subfamily) and the receptor (FGFR1-FGFR3), ligand homodimerization (FGF9 subfamily), site-specific proteolytic cleavage of the ligand (FGF23), and interaction of the ligand and the receptor with heparan sulphate cofactor and Klotho co-receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regina Goetz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Xie Z, Jiang Y, Liao EY, Chen Y, Pennypacker SD, Peng J, Chang SM. PIKE mediates EGFR proliferative signaling in squamous cell carcinoma cells. Oncogene 2012; 31:5090-8. [PMID: 22349826 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the key drivers for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) proliferation is activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a known proto-oncogene. However, the mechanism of EGFR-dependent SCC proliferation remains unclear. Our previous studies indicate that epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced SCC cell proliferation requires the SH3 domain of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1), but not its catalytic activity. The SH3 domain of PLC-γ1 is known to activate the short form of nuclear phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhancer (PIKE) that enhances the activity of nuclear class Ia phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) required for proliferation. However, PIKE has been described for more than a decade to be present exclusively in neuronal cells. In the present study, we found that PIKE was highly expressed in malignant human keratinocytes (SCC4 and SCC12B2) but had low expression in normal human keratinocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed strong nuclear staining of PIKE in human epidermal and tongue SCC specimens but little staining in the adjacent non-cancerous epithelium. Treatment of SCC4 cells with EGF-induced translocation of PLC-γ1 to the nucleus and binding of PLC-γ1 to the nuclear PIKE. Knockdown of PLC-γ1 or PIKE blocked EGF-induced activation of class Ia PI3K and protein kinase C-ζ and phosphorylation of nucleolin in the nucleus as well as EGF-induced SCC cell proliferation. However, inhibition of the catalytic activity of PLC-γ1 had little effect. These data suggest that PIKE has a critical role in EGF-induced SCC cell proliferation and may function as a proto-oncogene in SCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Xie
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang Z, Fan J, Ren Y, Zhou W, Yin G. The release of glutamate from cortical neurons regulated by BDNF via the TrkB/Src/PLC-γ1 pathway. J Cell Biochem 2012; 114:144-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
36
|
Abstract
Calcium is the major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro. A calcium gradient within the epidermis promotes the sequential differentiation of keratinocytes as they traverse the different layers of the epidermis to form the permeability barrier of the stratum corneum. Calcium promotes differentiation by both outside-in and inside-out signaling. A number of signaling pathways involved with differentiation are regulated by calcium, including the formation of desmosomes, adherens junctions and tight junctions, which maintain cell-cell adhesion and play an important intracellular signaling role through their activation of various kinases and phospholipases that produce second messengers that regulate intracellular free calcium and PKC activity, critical for the differentiation process. The calcium receptor plays a central role by initiating the intracellular signaling events that drive differentiation in response to extracellular calcium. This review will discuss these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhongjian Xie
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Tu
- Veterans Administration Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Tomlinson DC, Baxter EW, Loadman PM, Hull MA, Knowles MA. FGFR1-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition through MAPK/PLCγ/COX-2-mediated mechanisms. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38972. [PMID: 22701738 PMCID: PMC3373505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour invasion and metastasis is the most common cause of death from cancer. For epithelial cells to invade surrounding tissues and metastasise, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is required. We have demonstrated that FGFR1 expression is increased in bladder cancer and that activation of FGFR1 induces an EMT in urothelial carcinoma (UC) cell lines. Here, we created an in vitro FGFR1-inducible model of EMT, and used this model to identify regulators of urothelial EMT. FGFR1 activation promoted EMT over a period of 72 hours. Initially a rapid increase in actin stress fibres occurred, followed by an increase in cell size, altered morphology and increased migration and invasion. By using site-directed mutagenesis and small molecule inhibitors we demonstrated that combined activation of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phospholipase C gamma (PLCγ) pathways regulated this EMT. Actin stress fibre formation was regulated by PLCγ activation, and was also important for the increase in cell size, migration and altered morphology. MAPK activation regulated migration and E-cadherin expression, indicating that combined activation of PLCγ and MAPK is required for a full EMT. We used expression microarrays to assess changes in gene expression downstream of these signalling cascades. COX-2 was transcriptionally upregulated by FGFR1 and caused increased intracellular prostaglandin E(2) levels, which promoted migration. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FGFR1 activation in UC cells lines promotes EMT via coordinated activation of multiple signalling pathways and by promoting activation of prostaglandin synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darren C. Tomlinson
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Euan W. Baxter
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M. Loadman
- Instititue of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Richmond Road, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. Hull
- Section of Molecular Gastroenterology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A. Knowles
- Section of Experimental Oncology, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James’s University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Murakami Y, Narayanan S, Su S, Childs R, Krzewski K, Borrego F, Weck J, Coligan JE. Toso, a functional IgM receptor, is regulated by IL-2 in T and NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:587-97. [PMID: 22675200 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We find that the cell surface receptor Toso is dramatically downregulated by in vitro stimulation of human T and NK cells with IL-2 in a STAT5-dependent manner. The fact that IL-2 is known to prime NK and T cells for Fas/TNF-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) fits nicely with the original and recent descriptions of Toso as an inhibitor of Fas/TNF-induced apoptosis. In support of this possibility, effector memory T cells express markedly lower levels of Toso than those of naive T cells, indicating that activation in vivo correlates with the downregulation of Toso. Moreover, in vitro activation of memory T cells through TCR dramatically downregulates Toso expression compared with that of naive CD4 T cells. However, overexpression of Toso in human NK cells and Jurkat T cells does not inhibit Fas-mediated apoptosis, and, in agreement with other recent reports, Toso clearly functions as an IgM receptor. Unlike CD16, Toso expression by NK cells does not convey cytotoxic potential, but its ligation does trigger intracellular signaling in NK cells. In summary, our data indicate that Toso is a functional IgM receptor that is capable of activating signaling molecules, is regulated by IL-2, and is not inherently an antiapoptotic molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yousuke Murakami
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
EGFR: A Master Piece in G1/S Phase Transition of Liver Regeneration. Int J Hepatol 2012; 2012:476910. [PMID: 23050157 PMCID: PMC3461622 DOI: 10.1155/2012/476910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unraveling the molecular clues of liver proliferation has become conceivable thanks to the model of two-third hepatectomy. The synchronicity and the well-scheduled aspect of this process allow scientists to slowly decipher this mystery. During this phenomenon, quiescent hepatocytes of the remnant lobes are able to reenter into the cell cycle initiating the G1-S progression synchronously before completing the cell cycle. The major role played by this step of the cell cycle has been emphasized by loss-of-function studies showing a delay or a lack of coordination in the hepatocytes G1-S progression. Two growth factor receptors, c-Met and EGFR, tightly drive this transition. Due to the level of complexity surrounding EGFR signaling, involving numerous ligands, highly controlled regulations and multiple downstream pathways, we chose to focus on the EGFR pathway for this paper. We will first describe the EGFR pathway in its integrity and then address its essential role in the G1/S phase transition for hepatocyte proliferation. Recently, other levels of control have been discovered to monitor this pathway, which will lead us to discuss regulations of the EGFR pathway and highlight the potential effect of misregulations in pathologies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang YR, Choi JH, Chang JS, Kwon HM, Jang HJ, Ryu SH, Suh PG. Diverse cellular and physiological roles of phospholipase C-γ1. Adv Biol Regul 2012; 52:138-151. [PMID: 21964416 DOI: 10.1016/j.advenzreg.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ryoul Yang
- School of Nano-Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hatziapostolou M, Koukos G, Polytarchou C, Kottakis F, Serebrennikova O, Kuliopulos A, Tsichlis PN. Tumor progression locus 2 mediates signal-induced increases in cytoplasmic calcium and cell migration. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra55. [PMID: 21868363 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2002006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MAP3K) tumor progression locus 2 (Tpl2) is required for the transduction of signals initiated by the thrombin-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1), which promote reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Here, we show that Tpl2 is activated through Gα(i2)-transduced GPCR signals. Activated Tpl2 promoted the phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase C-β3 (PLCβ(3)); consequently, Tpl2 was required for thrombin-dependent production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), IP(3)-mediated cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca(2+)) signals, and the activation of classical and novel members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family. A PKC-mediated feedback loop facilitated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation in response to Tpl2 and contributed to the coordinate regulation of the ERK and Ca(2+) signaling pathways. Pharmacological and genetic studies revealed that stimulation of cell migration by Tpl2 depends on both of these pathways. Tpl2 also promoted Ca(2+) signals and cell migration from sphingosine 1-phosphate-responsive GPCRs, which also couple to Gα(i); from Wnt5a; and from the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) receptor, a member of the Toll-IL-1R (TIR) domain family. Our data provide new insights into the role of Tpl2 in GPCR-mediated Ca(2+) signaling and cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hatziapostolou
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
PLCgamma2 Activates CREB-dependent Transcription in PC12 Cells Through Phosphorylation of CREB at Serine 133. Cytotechnology 2011; 47:107-16. [PMID: 19003050 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-005-3763-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 05/18/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cAMP and Ca(2+) signaling pathways activate the transcription factor CREB through its phosphorylation at Serine 133. Activation of CREB is involved in the regulation of various biological phenomena. To understand further the mechanisms of the regulation of CREB activity in response to activation of the cAMP and Ca(2+) signaling pathways, we examined the roles of PLCgammas in CREB activation in PC12 cells. siRNA-mediated reduction of the expression of PLCgamma2, but not PLCgamma1, inhibited both the phosphorylation of CREB at S133 and the activation of CREB-dependent transcription following treatment of cells with forskolin or ionomycin, which increases the intracellular concentrations of cAMP or Ca(2+), respectively. Importantly, the siRNA targeting PLCgamma2 completely abolished CREB activation by Ca(2+) signaling but not by cAMP signaling. These results suggest that PLCgamma2 functions as an essential signal transducer leading to CREB activation in response to activation of the Ca(2+) signaling pathway and that the cAMP signaling pathway might activate CREB through phosphorylation of CREB by PKA and another signaling pathway mediated by PLCgamma2.
Collapse
|
43
|
The natural killer cell cytotoxic function is modulated by HIV-1 accessory proteins. Viruses 2011; 3:1091-111. [PMID: 21994772 PMCID: PMC3185792 DOI: 10.3390/v3071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells’ major role in the control of viruses is to eliminate established infected cells. The capacity of NK cells to kill virus-infected cells is dependent on the interactions between ligands on the infected cell and receptors on the NK cell surface. Because of the importance of ligand-receptor interactions in modulating the NK cell cytotoxic response, HIV has developed strategies to regulate various NK cell ligands making the infected cell surprisingly refractory to NK cell lysis. This is perplexing because the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces expression of ligands for the NK cell activating receptor, NKG2D. In addition, the accessory protein Nef removes the inhibitory ligands HLA-A and -B. The reason for the ineffective killing by NK cells despite the strong potential to eliminate infected cells is due to HIV-1 Vpu’s ability to down modulate the co-activation ligand, NTB-A, from the cell surface. Down modulation of NTB-A prevents efficient NK cell degranulation. This review will focus on the mechanisms through which the HIV-1 accessory proteins modulate their respective ligands, and its implication for NK cell killing of HIV-infected cells.
Collapse
|
44
|
Sequential phosphorylation of SLP-76 at tyrosine 173 is required for activation of T and mast cells. EMBO J 2011; 30:3160-72. [PMID: 21725281 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperatively assembled signalling complexes, nucleated by adaptor proteins, integrate information from surface receptors to determine cellular outcomes. In T and mast cells, antigen receptor signalling is nucleated by three adaptors: SLP-76, Gads and LAT. Three well-characterized SLP-76 tyrosine phosphorylation sites recruit key components, including a Tec-family tyrosine kinase, Itk. We identified a fourth, evolutionarily conserved SLP-76 phosphorylation site, Y173, which was phosphorylated upon T-cell receptor stimulation in primary murine and Jurkat T cells. Y173 was required for antigen receptor-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) in both T and mast cells, and for consequent downstream events, including activation of the IL-2 promoter in T cells, and degranulation and IL-6 production in mast cells. In intact cells, Y173 phosphorylation depended on three, ZAP-70-targeted tyrosines at the N-terminus of SLP-76 that recruit and activate Itk, a kinase that selectively phosphorylated Y173 in vitro. These data suggest a sequential mechanism whereby ZAP-70-dependent priming of SLP-76 at three N-terminal sites triggers reciprocal regulatory interactions between Itk and SLP-76, which are ultimately required to couple active Itk to its substrate, PLC-γ1.
Collapse
|
45
|
Hyun SW, Anglin IE, Liu A, Yang S, Sorkin JD, Lillehoj E, Tonks NK, Passaniti A, Goldblum SE. Diverse injurious stimuli reduce protein tyrosine phosphatase-μ expression and enhance epidermal growth factor receptor signaling in human airway epithelia. Exp Lung Res 2011; 37:327-43. [PMID: 21649524 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.566673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In response to injury, airway epithelia utilize an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling program to institute repair and restitution. Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) counterregulate EGFR autophosphorylation and downstream signaling. PTPμ is highly expressed in lung epithelia and can be localized to intercellular junctions where its ectodomain homophilically interacts with PTPμ ectodomain expressed on neighboring cells. We asked whether PTPμ expression might be altered in response to epithelial injury and whether altered PTPμ expression might influence EGFR signaling. In A549 cells, diverse injurious stimuli dramatically reduced PTPμ protein expression. Under basal conditions, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced silencing of PTPμ increased EGFR Y992 and Y1068 phosphorylation. In the presence of EGF, PTPμ knockdown increased EGFR Y845, Y992, Y1045, Y1068, Y1086, and Y1173 but not Y1148 phosphorylation. Reduced PTPμ expression increased EGF-stimulated phosphorylation of Y992, a docking site for phospholipase C (PLC)γ(1), activation of PLCγ(1) itself, and increased cell migration in both wounding and chemotaxis assays. In contrast, overexpression of PTPμ decreased EGF-stimulated EGFR Y992 and Y1068 phosphorylation. Therefore, airway epithelial injury profoundly reduces PTPμ expression, and PTPμ depletion selectively increases phosphorylation of specific EGFR tyrosine residues, PLCγ(1) activation, and cell migration, providing a novel mechanism through which epithelial integrity may be restored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang W Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Mucosal Biology Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Brand TM, Iida M, Wheeler DL. Molecular mechanisms of resistance to the EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 11:777-92. [PMID: 21293176 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.11.9.15050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Receptor activation upon ligand binding leads to down stream activation of the PI3K/AKT, RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK and PLCγ/PKC pathways that influence cell proliferation, survival and the metastatic potential of tumor cells. Increased activation by gene amplification, protein overexpression or mutations of the EGFR has been identified as an etiological factor in a number of human epithelial cancers (e.g., NSCLC, CRC, glioblastoma and breast cancer). Therefore, targeting the EGFR has been intensely pursued as a cancer treatment strategy over the last two decades. To date, five EGFR inhibitors, including three small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and two monoclonal antibodies have gained FDA approval for use in oncology. Both approaches to targeting the EGFR have shown clinical promise and the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab is used to treat HNSCC and CRC. Despite clinical gains arising from use of cetuximab, both intrinsic resistance and the development of acquired resistance are now well recognized. In this review we focus on the biology of the EGFR, the role of EGFR in human cancer, the development of antibody-based anti-EGFR therapies and a summary of their clinical successes. Further, we provide an in depth discussion of described molecular mechanisms of resistance to cetuximab and potential strategies to circumvent this resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Brand
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Liu B, Lu S, Zheng S, Jiang Z, Wang Y. Two distinct phases of calcium signalling under flow. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 91:124-33. [PMID: 21285296 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS High shear stress (HSS) can have significant impact on angiogenesis and atherosclerosis in collateral arteries near the bifurcation and curvature regions. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal pattern of HSS-induced intracellular calcium alteration. METHODS AND RESULTS Genetically encoded biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer were targeted in the cytoplasm and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to visualize the subcellular calcium dynamics in bovine aortic endothelial cells under HSS (65 dyn/cm(2)). Upon HSS application, the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) increased immediately and maintained a sustained high level, while the ER-stored calcium had a significant decrease only after 300 s. The perturbation of calcium influx across the plasma membrane (PM) by the removal of extracellular calcium or the blockage of membrane channels inhibited the early phase of [Ca(2+)](i) increase upon HSS application, which was further shown to be sensitive to the magnitudes of shear stress and the integrity of cytoskeletal support. In contrast, Src, phospholipase C(PLC), and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R) can regulate the late phase of HSS-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase via the promotion of the ER calcium efflux. CONCLUSION The HSS-induced [Ca(2+)](i) increase consists of two well-co-ordinated phases with different sources and mechanisms: (i) an early phase due to the calcium influx across the PM which is dependent on the mechanical impact and cytoskeletal support and (ii) a late phase originated from the ER-calcium efflux which is regulated by the Src, PLC, and IP(3)R signalling pathway. Therefore, our work presented new molecular-level insights into systematic understanding of mechanotransduction in cardiovascular systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Membrane environment exerts an important influence on rac-mediated activation of phospholipase Cγ2. Mol Cell Biol 2011; 31:1240-51. [PMID: 21245382 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01408-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed analyses of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). We identified several regions in the PLCγ-specific array, γSA, that contribute to autoinhibition in the basal state by occlusion of the catalytic domain. While the activation of PLCγ2 by Rac2 requires stable translocation to the membrane, the removal of the domains required for membrane translocation in the context of an enzyme with impaired autoinhibition generated constitutive, highly active PLC in cells. We further tested the possibility that the interaction of PLCγ2 with its activator protein Rac2 was sufficient for activation through the release of autoinhibition. However, we found that Rac2 binding in the absence of lipid surfaces was not able to activate PLCγ2. Together with other observations, these data suggest that an important consequence of Rac2 binding and translocation to the membrane is that membrane proximity, on its own or together with Rac2, has a role in the release of autoinhibition, resulting in interfacial activation.
Collapse
|
49
|
Nong L, Yin G, Ren K, Tang J, Fan W. Periodic mechanical stress enhances rat chondrocyte area expansion and migration through Src-PLCγ1-ERK1/2 signaling. Eur J Cell Biol 2010; 89:705-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 04/20/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
50
|
Matsumura T, Oyama M, Kozuka-Hata H, Ishikawa K, Inoue T, Muta T, Semba K, Inoue JI. Identification of BCAP-(L) as a negative regulator of the TLR signaling-induced production of IL-6 and IL-10 in macrophages by tyrosine phosphoproteomics. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 400:265-70. [PMID: 20728433 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in macrophages is essential for anti-pathogen responses such as cytokine production and antigen presentation. Although numerous reports suggest that protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are involved in cytokine induction in response to lipopolysaccharides (LPS; TLR4 ligand) in macrophages, the PTK-mediated signal transduction pathway has yet to be analyzed in detail. Here, we carried out a comprehensive and quantitative dynamic tyrosine phosphoproteomic analysis on the TLR4-mediated host defense system in RAW264.7 macrophages using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). We determined the temporal profiles of 25 proteins based on SILAC-encoded peptide(s). Of these, we focused on the tyrosine phosphorylation of B-cell adaptor for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (BCAP) because the function of BCAP remains unknown in TLR signaling in macrophages. Furthermore, Bcap has two distinct transcripts, a full-length (Bcap-(L)) and an alternatively initiated or spliced (Bcap-(S)) mRNA, and little is known about the differential functions of the BCAP-(L) and BCAP-(S) proteins. Our study showed, for the first time, that RNAi-mediated selective depletion of BCAP-(L) enhanced IL-6 and IL-10 production but not TNF-α production in TLR ligand-stimulated macrophages. We propose that BCAP-(L) (but not BCAP-(S)) is a negative regulator of the TLR-mediated host defense system in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumura
- Consolidated Research Institute for Advanced Science and Medical Care, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-0041, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|