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Gallo A, Lipari A, Di Francesco S, Ianuà E, Liperoti R, Cipriani MC, Martone AM, De Candia E, Landi F, Montalto M. Platelets and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6292. [PMID: 38927999 PMCID: PMC11203688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets have a fundamental role in mediating hemostasis and thrombosis. However, more recently, a new idea is making headway, highlighting the importance of platelets as significant actors in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. In particular, platelets have an important role in the development of vascular amyloid-b-peptide(ab) deposits, known to play a relevant role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) through accumulation and deposition within the frontal cortex and hippocampus in the brain. The involvement of platelets in the pathogenesis of AD opens up the highly attractive possibility of applying antiplatelet therapy for the treatment and/or prevention of AD, but conclusive results are scarce. Even less is known about the potential role of platelets in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim to this brief review is to summarize current knowledge on this topic and to introduce the new perspectives on the possible role of platelet activation as therapeutic target both in AD and MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Gallo
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Alice Lipari
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
| | - Silvino Di Francesco
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
| | - Eleonora Ianuà
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
| | - Rosa Liperoti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
| | - Maria Camilla Cipriani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Martone
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Erica De Candia
- Haemorrhagic and Thrombotic Diseases Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translation Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
| | - Massimo Montalto
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.L.); (M.C.C.); (A.M.M.); (F.L.); (M.M.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy (S.D.F.); (E.I.)
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Zhao R. Exercise mimetics: a novel strategy to combat neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:40. [PMID: 38308368 PMCID: PMC10837901 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03031-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by the stimulation of resident immune cells of the brain and the penetration of peripheral immune cells. These inflammatory processes facilitate the deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Managing neuroinflammation to restore immune homeostasis and decrease neuronal damage is a therapeutic approach for AD. One way to achieve this is through exercise, which can improve brain function and protect against neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction in AD models. The neuroprotective impact of exercise is regulated by various molecular factors that can be activated in the same way as exercise by the administration of their mimetics. Recent evidence has proven some exercise mimetics effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and AD, and, additionally, they are a helpful alternative option for patients who are unable to perform regular physical exercise to manage neurodegenerative disorders. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge on exercise mimetics, including their efficacy, regulatory mechanisms, progress, challenges, limitations, and future guidance for their application in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
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Wang H, Ma LZ, Sheng ZH, Liu JY, Yuan WY, Guo F, Zhang W, Tan L. Association between cerebrospinal fluid clusterin and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathology in mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal cohort study. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1256389. [PMID: 37941999 PMCID: PMC10629112 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1256389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Clusterin, a glycoprotein implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), remains unclear. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin in relation to AD biomarkers using a longitudinal cohort of non-demented individuals. Methods We gathered a sample comprising 86 individuals under cognition normal (CN) and 134 patients diagnosed with MCI via the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. To investigate the correlation of CSF clusterin with cognitive function and markers of key physiological changes, we employed multiple linear regression and mixed-effect models. We undertook a causal mediation analysis to inspect the mediating influence of CSF clusterin on cognitive abilities. Results Pathological characteristics associated with baseline Aβ42, Tau, brain volume, exhibited a correlation with initial CSF clusterin in the general population, Specifically, these correlations were especially prominent in the MCI population; CSF Aβ42 (PCN = 0.001; PMCI = 0.007), T-tau (PCN < 0.001; PMCI < 0.001), and Mid temporal (PCN = 0.033; PMCI = 0.005). Baseline CSF clusterin level was predictive of measurable cognitive shifts in the MCI population, as indicated by MMSE (β = 0.202, p = 0.029), MEM (β = 0.186, p = 0.036), RAVLT immediate recall (β = 0.182, p = 0.038), and EF scores (β = 0.221, p = 0.013). In MCI population, the alterations in brain regions (17.87% of the total effect) mediated the effect of clusterin on cognition. It was found that variables such as age, gender, and presence of APOE ε4 carrier status, influenced some of these connections. Conclusion Our investigation underscored a correlation between CSF clusterin concentrations and pivotal AD indicators, while also highlighting clusterin's potential role as a protective factor for cognitive abilities in MCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ze-Hu Sheng
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia-Yao Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei-Yu Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Fan Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
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Liu Z, Chao J, Wang C, Sun G, Roeth D, Liu W, Chen X, Li L, Tian E, Feng L, Davtyan H, Blurton-Jones M, Kalkum M, Shi Y. Astrocytic response mediated by the CLU risk allele inhibits OPC proliferation and myelination in a human iPSC model. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112841. [PMID: 37494190 PMCID: PMC10510531 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The C allele of rs11136000 variant in the clusterin (CLU) gene represents the third strongest known genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, whether this single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is functional and what the underlying mechanisms are remain unclear. In this study, the CLU rs11136000 SNP is identified as a functional variant by a small-scale CRISPR-Cas9 screen. Astrocytes derived from isogenic induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying the "C" or "T" allele of the CLU rs11136000 SNP exhibit different CLU expression levels. TAR DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) preferentially binds to the "C" allele to promote CLU expression and exacerbate inflammation. The interferon response and CXCL10 expression are elevated in cytokine-treated C/C astrocytes, leading to inhibition of oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) proliferation and myelination. Accordingly, elevated CLU and CXCL10 but reduced myelin basic protein (MBP) expression are detected in human brains of C/C carriers. Our study uncovers a mechanism underlying reduced white matter integrity observed in the CLU rs11136000 risk "C" allele carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jianfei Chao
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Guihua Sun
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Daniel Roeth
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xianwei Chen
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - E Tian
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lizhao Feng
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hayk Davtyan
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mathew Blurton-Jones
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, Institute for Memory Impairments & Neurological Disorders and Sue & Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Markus Kalkum
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Gross C, Guérin LP, Socol BG, Germain L, Guérin SL. The Ins and Outs of Clusterin: Its Role in Cancer, Eye Diseases and Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13182. [PMID: 37685987 PMCID: PMC10488069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is a glycoprotein originally discovered in 1983 in ram testis fluid. Rapidly observed in other tissues, it was initially given various names based on its function in different tissues. In 1992, it was finally named CLU by consensus. Nearly omnipresent in human tissues, CLU is strongly expressed at fluid-tissue interfaces, including in the eye and in particular the cornea. Recent research has identified different forms of CLU, with the most prominent being a 75-80 kDa heterodimeric protein that is secreted. Another truncated version of CLU (55 kDa) is localized to the nucleus and exerts pro-apoptotic activities. CLU has been reported to be involved in various physiological processes such as sperm maturation, lipid transportation, complement inhibition and chaperone activity. CLU was also reported to exert important functions in tissue remodeling, cell-cell adhesion, cell-substratum interaction, cytoprotection, apoptotic cell death, cell proliferation and migration. Hence, this protein is sparking interest in tissue wound healing. Moreover, CLU gene expression is finely regulated by cytokines, growth factors and stress-inducing agents, leading to abnormally elevated levels of CLU in many states of cellular disturbance, including cancer and neurodegenerative conditions. In the eye, CLU expression has been reported as being severely increased in several pathologies, such as age-related macular degeneration and Fuch's corneal dystrophy, while it is depleted in others, such as pathologic keratinization. Nevertheless, the precise role of CLU in the development of ocular pathologies has yet to be deciphered. The question of whether CLU expression is influenced by these disorders or contributes to them remains open. In this article, we review the actual knowledge about CLU at both the protein and gene expression level in wound healing, and explore the possibility that CLU is a key factor in cancer and eye diseases. Understanding the expression and regulation of CLU could lead to the development of novel therapeutics for promoting wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Gross
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Bianca G. Socol
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Lucie Germain
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sylvain L. Guérin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; (C.G.); (B.G.S.); (L.G.)
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Québec City, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Ferreira MJC, Soares Martins T, Alves SR, Rosa IM, Vogelgsang J, Hansen N, Wiltfang J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Vitorino R, Henriques AG. Bioinformatic analysis of the SPs and NFTs proteomes unravel putative biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200515. [PMID: 37062942 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for the appearance of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the main histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. The core of these deposits are predominantly amyloid fibrils in SPs and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in NFTs, but other molecular components can be found associated with these pathological lesions. Herein, an extensive literature review was carried out to obtain the SPs and NFTs proteomes, followed by a bioinformatic analysis and further putative biomarker validation. For SPs, 857 proteins were recovered, and, for NFTs, 627 proteins of which 375 occur in both groups and represent the common proteome. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis permitted the identification of biological processes and the molecular functions most associated with these lesions. Analysis of the SPs and NFTs common proteins unraveled pathways and molecular targets linking both histopathological events. Further, validation of a putative phosphotarget arising from the in silico analysis was performed in serum-derived extracellular vesicles from AD patients. This bioinformatic approach contributed to the identification of putative molecular targets, valuable for AD diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Cardoso Ferreira
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Soares Martins
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steven R Alves
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilka Martins Rosa
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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7
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Trindade D, Cachide M, Soares Martins T, Guedes S, Rosa IM, da Cruz e Silva OA, Henriques AG. Monitoring clusterin and fibrillar structures in aging and dementia. AGING BRAIN 2023; 3:100080. [PMID: 37346145 PMCID: PMC10279921 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Clusterin is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including proteostasis. Several clusterin polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease, the world-leading cause of dementia. Herein, the effect of a clusterin polymorphism, aging and dementia in the levels of clusterin in human plasma were analysed in a primary care-based cohort, and the association of this chaperone with fibrillar structures discussed. Methods 64 individuals with dementia (CDR≥1) and 64 age- and sex-matched Controls from a Portuguese cohort were genotyped for CLU rs1136000 polymorphism, and the plasma levels of clusterin and fibrils were assessed. Results An increased prevalence of the CC genotype was observed for the dementia group, although no significant robustness was achieved. CLU rs11136000 SNP did not significantly change plasma clusterin levels in demented individuals. Instead, clusterin levels decreased with aging and even more in individuals with dementia. Importantly, plasma clusterin levels correlated with the presence of fibrillar structures in Control individuals, but not in those with dementia. Conclusion This study reveals a significant decrease in plasma clusterin in demented individuals with aging, which related to altered clusterin-fibrils dynamics. Potentially, plasma clusterin and its association with fibrillar structures can be used to monitor dementia progression along aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Corresponding author at: Neuroscience and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Giunti E, Collu R, Daley S, Querfurth H, Morin P, Killick R, Melamed RD, Xia W. Reduction of Phosphorylated Tau in Alzheimer's Disease Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neuro-Spheroids by Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Kinase Inhibitor Fasudil. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1695-1709. [PMID: 38007655 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most predominant form of dementia. Rho-associated coiled coil kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, fasudil, is one of the candidate drugs against the AD progression. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate possible changes of AD associated markers in three-dimensional neuro-spheroids (3D neuro-spheroids) generated from induced pluripotent stem cells derived from AD patients or healthy control subjects (HC) and to determine the impact of pharmacological intervention with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil. METHODS We treated 3D neuro-spheroids with fasudil and tested the possible effect on AD markers by ELISA, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis revealed a reduction in the expression of AKT serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (AKT1) in AD neuro-spheroids, compared to HC. This decrease was reverted in the presence of fasudil. Proteomic analysis showed up- and down-regulation of proteins related to AKT pathway in fasudil-treated neuro-spheroids. We found an evident increase of phosphorylated tau at four different residues (pTau181, 202, 231, and 396) in AD compared to HC-derived neuro-spheroids. This was accompanied by a decrease of secreted clusterin (clu) and an increase of intracellular clu levels in AD patient-derived neuro-spheroids. Increases of phosphorylated tau in AD patient-derived neuro-spheroids were suppressed in the presence of fasudil. CONCLUSIONS Fasudil modulates clu protein levels and enhances AKT1 that results in the suppression of AD associated tau phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giunti
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Collu
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sarah Daley
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Henry Querfurth
- Department of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Morin
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Killick
- Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel D Melamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Weiming Xia
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Bedford VA Healthcare System, Bedford, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Biophysics, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
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9
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Milinkeviciute G, Green KN. Clusterin/apolipoprotein J, its isoforms and Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1167886. [PMID: 37122381 PMCID: PMC10133478 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1167886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Milinkeviciute
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Giedre Milinkeviciute
| | - Kim N. Green
- Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Young JE, Goldstein LSB. Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC)-Derived Neurons and Glia for the Elucidation of Pathogenic Mechanisms in Alzheimer's Disease. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2561:105-133. [PMID: 36399267 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2655-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and a mechanistically complex disease. For the last decade, human models of AD using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a powerful way to understand disease pathogenesis in relevant human cell types. In this review, we summarize the state of the field and how this technology can apply to studies of both familial and sporadic studies of AD. We discuss patient-derived iPSCs, genome editing, differentiation of neural cell types, and three-dimensional organoids, and speculate on the future of this type of work for increasing our understanding of, and improving therapeutic development for, this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Lawrence S B Goldstein
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
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11
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Tang L, Wang ZB, Ma LZ, Cao XP, Tan L, Tan MS. Dynamic changes of CSF clusterin levels across the Alzheimer's disease continuum. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:508. [PMID: 36581903 PMCID: PMC9801612 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-03038-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin is a multifunctional protein, which is associated with the pathogenesis and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Compared with normal controls, inconsistent results have yielded in previous studies for concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin in AD patients. We explored CSF clusterin levels in different pathological processes of AD. METHODS Following the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association (NIA-AA) criteria, we employed on the levels of CSF Aβ42(A), phosphorylated-Tau (T), and total-tau (N). Based on previously published cutoffs and the close correlation between CSF p-tau and t-tau, 276 participants from the publicly available ADNI database with CSF biomarkers were divided into four groups: A-(TN)- (normal Aβ42 and normal p-tau and t-tau; n = 50), A+(TN)- (abnormal Aβ42 and normal p-tau and t-tau; n = 39), A+(TN) + (abnormal Aβ42 and abnormal p-tau or t-tau; n = 147), A-(TN) + (normal Aβ42 and abnormal p-tau or t-tau; n = 40). To assess CSF clusterin levels in AD continuum, intergroup differences in four groups were compared. Pairwise comparisons were conducted as appropriate followed by Bonferroni post hoc analyses. To further study the relationships between CSF clusterin levels and AD core pathological biomarkers, we employed multiple linear regression method in subgroups. RESULTS Compared with the A-(TN)- group, CSF clusterin levels were decreased in A+ (TN)- group (P = 0.002 after Bonferroni correction), but increased in the A+(TN) + group and the A-(TN) + group (both P < 0.001 after Bonferroni correction). Moreover, we found CSF clusterin levels are positively associated with CSF Aβ42 (β = 0.040, P < 0. 001), CSF p-tau (β = 0.325, P < 0.001) and CSF t-tau (β = 0.346, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that there are differences levels of CSF clusterin in different stages of AD pathology. The CSF clusterin level decreased at the early stage are related to abnormal Aβ pathology; and the increased levels are associated with tau pathology and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Tang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Bo Wang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Ma
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xi-Peng Cao
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Clinical Research Center, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng-Shan Tan
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Denaro CA, Haloush YI, Hsiao SY, Orgera JJ, Osorio T, Riggs LM, Sassaman JW, Williams SA, Monte Carlo A, Da Costa RT, Grigoriev A, Solesio ME. COVID-19 and neurodegeneration: The mitochondrial connection. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13727. [PMID: 36219531 PMCID: PMC9649608 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
There is still a significant lack of knowledge regarding many aspects of the etiopathology and consequences of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans. For example, the variety of molecular mechanisms mediating this infection, and the long-term consequences of the disease remain poorly understood. It first seemed like the SARS-CoV-2 infection primarily caused a serious respiratory syndrome. However, over the last years, an increasing number of studies also pointed towards the damaging effects of this infection has on the central nervous system (CNS). In fact, evidence suggests a possible disruption of the blood-brain barrier and deleterious effects on the CNS, especially in patients who already suffer from other pathologies, such as neurodegenerative disorders. The molecular mechanisms behind these effects on the CNS could involve the dysregulation of mitochondrial physiology, a well-known early marker of neurodegeneration and a hallmark of aging. Moreover, mitochondria are involved in the activation of the inflammatory response, which has also been broadly described in the CNS in COVID-19. Here, we critically review the current bibliography regarding the presence of neurodegenerative symptoms in COVID-19 patients, with a special emphasis on the mitochondrial mechanisms of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Denaro
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yara I. Haloush
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Samuel Y. Hsiao
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - John J. Orgera
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Teresa Osorio
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Lindsey M. Riggs
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Joshua W. Sassaman
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Sarah A. Williams
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Anthony R. Monte Carlo
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Renata T. Da Costa
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Andrey Grigoriev
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
| | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative BiologyRutgers UniversityCamdenNew JerseyUSA
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13
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The Role of Clusterin Transporter in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s Disease at the Blood–Brain Barrier Interface: A Systematic Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101452. [PMID: 36291661 PMCID: PMC9599067 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is considered a chronic and debilitating neurological illness that is increasingly impacting older-age populations. Some proteins, including clusterin (CLU or apolipoprotein J) transporter, can be linked to AD, causing oxidative stress. Therefore, its activity can affect various functions involving complement system inactivation, lipid transport, chaperone activity, neuronal transmission, and cellular survival pathways. This transporter is known to bind to the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide, which is the major pathogenic factor of AD. On the other hand, this transporter is also active at the blood–brain barrier (BBB), a barrier that prevents harmful substances from entering and exiting the brain. Therefore, in this review, we discuss and emphasize the role of the CLU transporter and CLU-linked molecular mechanisms at the BBB interface in the pathogenesis of AD.
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14
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Pedrini S, Doecke JD, Hone E, Wang P, Thota R, Bush AI, Rowe CC, Dore V, Villemagne VL, Ames D, Rainey‐Smith S, Verdile G, Sohrabi HR, Raida MR, Taddei K, Gandy S, Masters CL, Chatterjee P, Martins R. Plasma high-density lipoprotein cargo is altered in Alzheimer's disease and is associated with regional brain volume. J Neurochem 2022; 163:53-67. [PMID: 36000528 PMCID: PMC9804612 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol levels have been repeatedly linked to Alzheimer's Disease (AD), suggesting that high levels could be detrimental, but this effect is likely attributed to Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. On the other hand, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) cholesterol levels have been associated with reduced brain amyloidosis and improved cognitive function. However, recent findings have suggested that HDL-functionality, which depends upon the HDL-cargo proteins associated with HDL, rather than HDL levels, appears to be the key factor, suggesting a quality over quantity status. In this report, we have assessed the HDL-cargo (Cholesterol, ApoA-I, ApoA-II, ApoC-I, ApoC-III, ApoD, ApoE, ApoH, ApoJ, CRP, and SAA) in stable healthy control (HC), healthy controls who will convert to MCI/AD (HC-Conv) and AD patients (AD). Compared to HC we observed an increased cholesterol/ApoA-I ratio in AD and HC-Conv, as well as an increased ApoD/ApoA-I ratio and a decreased ApoA-II/ApoA-I ratio in AD. Higher cholesterol/ApoA-I ratio was also associated with lower cortical grey matter volume and higher ventricular volume, while higher ApoA-II/ApoA-I and ApoJ/ApoA-I ratios were associated with greater cortical grey matter volume (and for ApoA-II also with greater hippocampal volume) and smaller ventricular volume. Additionally, in a clinical status-independent manner, the ApoE/ApoA-I ratio was significantly lower in APOE ε4 carriers and lowest in APOE ε4 homozygous. Together, these data indicate that in AD patients the composition of HDL is altered, which may affect HDL functionality, and such changes are associated with altered regional brain volumetric data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - James D. Doecke
- Australian E‐Health Research CentreCSIROBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Eugene Hone
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Penghao Wang
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ashley I. Bush
- CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Florey Institute, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Christopher C. Rowe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PETAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Vincent Dore
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Centre for PETAustin HealthHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | | | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,University of Melbourne Academic unit for Psychiatry of Old AgeSt George's HospitalKewVictoriaAustralia
| | - Stephanie Rainey‐Smith
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Giuseppe Verdile
- Curtin Medical SchoolCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia,Curtin Health Innovation Research InstituteCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Manfred R. Raida
- Life Science Institute, Singapore Lipidomics IncubatorNational University of SingaporeSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Kevin Taddei
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sam Gandy
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Colin L. Masters
- The Florey Institute, The University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- School of Medical SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWestern AustraliaAustralia,CRC for Mental HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Department of Biomedical SciencesMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of Psychiatry and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
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15
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The Influence of Clusterin Glycosylation Variability on Selected Pathophysiological Processes in the Human Body. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7657876. [PMID: 36071866 PMCID: PMC9441386 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7657876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present review gathers together the most important information about variability in clusterin molecular structure, its profile, and the degree of glycosylation occurring in human tissues and body fluids in the context of the utility of these characteristics as potential diagnostic biomarkers of selected pathophysiological conditions. The carbohydrate part of clusterin plays a crucial role in many biological processes such as endocytosis and apoptosis. Many pathologies associated with neurodegeneration, carcinogenesis, metabolic diseases, and civilizational diseases (e.g., cardiovascular incidents and male infertility) have been described as causes of homeostasis disturbance, in which the glycan part of clusterin plays a very important role. The results of the discussed studies suggest that glycoproteomic analysis of clusterin may help differentiate the severity of hippocampal atrophy, detect the causes of infertility with an immune background, and monitor the development of cancer. Understanding the mechanism of clusterin (CLU) action and its binding epitopes may enable to indicate new therapeutic goals. The carbohydrate part of clusterin is considered necessary to maintain its proper molecular conformation, structural stability, and proper systemic and/or local biological activity. Taking into account the wide spectrum of CLU action and its participation in many processes in the human body, further studies on clusterin glycosylation variability are needed to better understand the molecular mechanisms of many pathophysiological conditions. They can also provide the opportunity to find new biomarkers and enrich the panel of diagnostic parameters for diseases that still pose a challenge for modern medicine.
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16
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Ma J, Qiu S. Genetic variant rs11136000 upregulates clusterin expression and reduces Alzheimer's disease risk. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926830. [PMID: 36033622 PMCID: PMC9407972 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is an extracellular chaperone involved in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and aggregation. Although previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have reported a potential protective effect of CLU on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, how intron-located rs11136000 (CLU) affects AD risk by regulating CLU expression remains unknown. In this study, we integrated multiple omics data to construct the regulated pathway of rs11136000-CLU-AD. In step 1, we investigated the effects of variant rs11136000 on AD risk with different genders and diagnostic methods using GWAS summary statistics for AD from International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and UK Biobank. In step 2, we assessed the regulation of rs11136000 on CLU expression in AD brain samples from Mayo clinic and controls from Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx). In step 3, we investigated the differential gene/protein expression of CLU in AD and controls from four large cohorts. The results showed that rs11136000 T allele reduced AD risk in either clinically diagnosed or proxy AD patients. By using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, rs11136000 variant downregulated CLU expression in 13 normal brain tissues, but upregulated CLU expression in cerebellum and temporal cortex of AD samples. Importantly, CLU was significantly differentially expressed in temporal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anterior prefrontal cortex of AD patients compared with normal controls. Together, rs11136000 may reduce AD risk by regulating CLU expression, which may provide important information about the biological mechanism of rs9848497 in AD progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan, China
| | - Shizheng Qiu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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17
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Kim YM, Park S, Choi SY, Oh SB, Jung M, Pack CG, Hwang JJ, Tak E, Lee JY. Clusterin Binding Modulates the Aggregation and Neurotoxicity of Amyloid-β(1-42). Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6228-6244. [PMID: 35904715 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates in the brain. Clusterin (CLU), also known as apolipoprotein J, is a potent risk factor associated with AD pathogenesis, in which Aβ aggregation is essentially involved. We observed close colocalization of CLU and Aβ(1-42) (Aβ42) in parenchymal amyloid plaques or vascular amyloid deposits in the brains of human amyloid precursor protein (hAPP)-transgenic Tg2576 mice. Therefore, to elucidate the binding interaction between CLU and Aβ42 and its impact on amyloid aggregation and toxicity, the two synthetic proteins were incubated together under physiological conditions, and their structural and morphological variations were investigated using biochemical, biophysical, and microscopic analyses. Synthetic CLU spontaneously bound to different possible variants of Aβ42 aggregates with very high affinity (Kd = 2.647 nM) in vitro to form solid CLU-Aβ42 complexes. This CLU binding prevented further aggregation of Aβ42 into larger oligomers or fibrils, enriching the population of smaller Aβ42 oligomers and protofibrils and monomers. CLU either alleviated or augmented Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in the neuroblastoma-derived SH-SY5Y and N2a cells, depending on the incubation period and the molar ratio of CLU:Aβ42 involved in the reaction before addition to the cells. Thus, the effects of CLU on Aβ42-induced cytotoxicity were likely determined by the extent to which it bound and sequestered toxic Aβ42 oligomers or protofibrils. These findings suggest that CLU could influence amyloid neurotoxicity and pathogenesis by modulating Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Mi Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - SuJi Park
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Yeon Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Bi Oh
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - MinKyo Jung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gi Pack
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Jin Hwang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Tak
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yong Lee
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Gharibyan AL, Wasana Jayaweera S, Lehmann M, Anan I, Olofsson A. Endogenous Human Proteins Interfering with Amyloid Formation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030446. [PMID: 35327638 PMCID: PMC8946693 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation is a pathological process associated with a wide range of degenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes mellitus type 2. During disease progression, abnormal accumulation and deposition of proteinaceous material are accompanied by tissue degradation, inflammation, and dysfunction. Agents that can interfere with the process of amyloid formation or target already formed amyloid assemblies are consequently of therapeutic interest. In this context, a few endogenous proteins have been associated with an anti-amyloidogenic activity. Here, we review the properties of transthyretin, apolipoprotein E, clusterin, and BRICHOS protein domain which all effectively interfere with amyloid in vitro, as well as displaying a clinical impact in humans or animal models. Their involvement in the amyloid formation process is discussed, which may aid and inspire new strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Gharibyan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
| | | | - Manuela Lehmann
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Intissar Anan
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (M.L.); (I.A.)
| | - Anders Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (A.L.G.); (A.O.)
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19
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Torvell M, Carpanini SM, Daskoulidou N, Byrne RAJ, Sims R, Morgan BP. Genetic Insights into the Impact of Complement in Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1990. [PMID: 34946939 PMCID: PMC8702080 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of complement activation products at sites of pathology in post-mortem Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains is well known. Recent evidence from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), combined with the demonstration that complement activation is pivotal in synapse loss in AD, strongly implicates complement in disease aetiology. Genetic variations in complement genes are widespread. While most variants individually have only minor effects on complement homeostasis, the combined effects of variants in multiple complement genes, referred to as the "complotype", can have major effects. In some diseases, the complotype highlights specific parts of the complement pathway involved in disease, thereby pointing towards a mechanism; however, this is not the case with AD. Here we review the complement GWAS hits; CR1 encoding complement receptor 1 (CR1), CLU encoding clusterin, and a suggestive association of C1S encoding the enzyme C1s, and discuss difficulties in attributing the AD association in these genes to complement function. A better understanding of complement genetics in AD might facilitate predictive genetic screening tests and enable the development of simple diagnostic tools and guide the future use of anti-complement drugs, of which several are currently in development for central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Torvell
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (M.T.); (S.M.C.); (N.D.); (R.A.J.B.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sarah M. Carpanini
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (M.T.); (S.M.C.); (N.D.); (R.A.J.B.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Nikoleta Daskoulidou
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (M.T.); (S.M.C.); (N.D.); (R.A.J.B.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert A. J. Byrne
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (M.T.); (S.M.C.); (N.D.); (R.A.J.B.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Rebecca Sims
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK;
| | - B. Paul Morgan
- UK Dementia Research Institute Cardiff, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK; (M.T.); (S.M.C.); (N.D.); (R.A.J.B.)
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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20
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Begum MM, Islam MS, Behl T, Ashraf GM. Exploring the Role of CLU in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:2108-2119. [PMID: 32820456 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and devastating neurodegenerative disorder that is affecting elderly people at an increasing rate. Clusterin (CLU), an extracellular chaperone, is an ubiquitously expressed protein that can be identified in various body fluids and tissues. Expression of CLU can lead to various processes including suppression of complement system, lipid transport, chaperone function, and also controlling neuronal cell death and cell survival mechanisms. Studies have confirmed that the level of CLU expression is increased in AD. Furthermore, CLU also decreased the toxicity and aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ). However when the Aβ level was far greater than CLU, then the amyloid generation was increased. CLU was also found to incorporate in the amyloid aggregates, which were more harmful as compared with the Aβ42 aggregates alone. Growing evidence indicates that CLU plays roles in AD pathogenesis via various processes, including aggregation and clearance of Aβ, neuroinflammation, lipid metabolism, Wnt signaling, copper homeostasis, and regulation of neuronal cell cycle and apoptosis. In this article, we represent the critical interaction of CLU and AD based on recent advances. Furthermore, we have also focused on the Aβ-dependent and Aβ-independent mechanisms by which CLU plays a role in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | | | | | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Viejo L, Noori A, Merrill E, Das S, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Systematic review of human post-mortem immunohistochemical studies and bioinformatics analyses unveil the complexity of astrocyte reaction in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 48:e12753. [PMID: 34297416 PMCID: PMC8766893 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactive astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have traditionally been demonstrated by increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity; however, astrocyte reaction is a complex and heterogeneous phenomenon involving multiple astrocyte functions beyond cytoskeletal remodelling. To better understand astrocyte reaction in AD, we conducted a systematic review of astrocyte immunohistochemical studies in post-mortem AD brains followed by bioinformatics analyses on the extracted reactive astrocyte markers. METHODS NCBI PubMed, APA PsycInfo and WoS-SCIE databases were interrogated for original English research articles with the search terms 'Alzheimer's disease' AND 'astrocytes.' Bioinformatics analyses included protein-protein interaction network analysis, pathway enrichment, and transcription factor enrichment, as well as comparison with public human -omics datasets. RESULTS A total of 306 articles meeting eligibility criteria rendered 196 proteins, most of which were reported to be upregulated in AD vs control brains. Besides cytoskeletal remodelling (e.g., GFAP), bioinformatics analyses revealed a wide range of functional alterations including neuroinflammation (e.g., IL6, MAPK1/3/8 and TNF), oxidative stress and antioxidant defence (e.g., MT1A/2A, NFE2L2, NOS1/2/3, PRDX6 and SOD1/2), lipid metabolism (e.g., APOE, CLU and LRP1), proteostasis (e.g., cathepsins, CRYAB and HSPB1/2/6/8), extracellular matrix organisation (e.g., CD44, MMP1/3 and SERPINA3), and neurotransmission (e.g., CHRNA7, GABA, GLUL, GRM5, MAOB and SLC1A2), among others. CTCF and ESR1 emerged as potential transcription factors driving these changes. Comparison with published -omics datasets validated our results, demonstrating a significant overlap with reported transcriptomic and proteomic changes in AD brains and/or CSF. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review of the neuropathological literature reveals the complexity of AD reactive astrogliosis. We have shared these findings as an online resource available at www.astrocyteatlas.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Viejo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ayush Noori
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emily Merrill
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,MIND Data Science Lab, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease (MIND), Charlestown, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Romagnoli T, Ortolani B, Sanz JM, Trentini A, Seripa D, Nora ED, Capatti E, Cervellati C, Passaro A, Zuliani G, Brombo G. Serum Apo J as a potential marker of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. J Neurol Sci 2021; 427:117537. [PMID: 34147956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) is present in both plasma and tissues, including brain. Growing evidence suggest that this protein may play an early role on the development of the two most common forms of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether serum ApoJ levels might be able to predict the progression to AD, VD, or mixed dementia (AD&VD) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Serum ApoJ was measured in 196 MCI subjects (aged ≥60 years) with a median follow up of 2.9 years. RESULTS One hundred thirty-two of the enrolled MCI subjects converted to dementia. Among these, 45% developed AD, 33% mixed dementia, 13% VD (VD), and 9% other forms of dementia. A significant trend toward a progressive reduction in the incidence of dementia, regardless of the type, from tertile I (83.1%), to tertile II (63.1%), to tertile III (56.1%) was observed (p = 0.003). After adjustment for potential confounders, a twofold increase in the risk of conversion to dementia was found in subjects belonging to tertile I of Apo J compared with tertile III; the risk increased after two years of follow up, while no differences emerged within the first 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that in MCI subjects, low APOJ levels may be associated with increased risk of developing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Romagnoli
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Beatrice Ortolani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Department of ROMAGNA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Department of ROMAGNA, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Davide Seripa
- Research Laboratory, Complex Structure of Geriatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eleonora Capatti
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gloria Brombo
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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23
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Richens JL, Bramble JP, Spencer HL, Cantlay F, Butler M, O'Shea P. Towards defining the Mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease based on a contextual analysis of molecular pathways. AIMS GENETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3934/genet.2016.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is posing an increasingly profound problem to society. Our genuine understanding of the pathogenesis of AD is inadequate and as a consequence, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are currently insufficient. The understandable focus of many studies is the identification of molecules with high diagnostic utility however the opportunity to obtain a further understanding of the mechanistic origins of the disease from such putative biomarkers is often overlooked. This study examines the involvement of biomarkers in AD to shed light on potential mechanisms and pathways through which they are implicated in the pathology of this devastating neurodegenerative disorder. The computational tools required to analyse ever-growing datasets in the context of AD are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna L. Richens
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Bramble
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah L. Spencer
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Cantlay
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Molly Butler
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul O'Shea
- Cell Biophysics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Address as of 1st July 2016: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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24
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Bungon T, Haslam C, Damiati S, O'Driscoll B, Whitley T, Davey P, Siligardi G, Charmet J, Awan SA. Graphene FET Sensors for Alzheimer's Disease Protein Biomarker Clusterin Detection. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:651232. [PMID: 33869287 PMCID: PMC8044944 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.651232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and characterisation of graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) biosensors for the detection of Clusterin, a prominent protein biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The GFET sensors were fabricated on Si/SiO2 substrate using photolithographic patterning and metal lift-off techniques with evaporated chromium and sputtered gold contacts. Raman Spectroscopy was performed on the devices to determine the quality of the graphene. The GFETs were annealed to improve their performance before the channels were functionalized by immobilising the graphene surface with linker molecules and anti-Clusterin antibodies. Concentration of linker molecules was also independently verified by absorption spectroscopy using the highly collimated micro-beam light of Diamond B23 beamline. The detection was achieved through the binding reaction between the antibody and varying concentrations of Clusterin antigen from 1 to 100 pg/mL, as well as specificity tests using human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein risk biomarker of certain cancers. The GFETs were characterized using direct current (DC) 4-probe electrical resistance (4-PER) measurements, which demonstrated a limit of detection of the biosensors to be ∼ 300 fg/mL (4 fM). Comparison with back-gated Dirac voltage shifts with varying concentration of Clusterin show 4-PER measurements to be more accurate, at present, and point to a requirement for further optimisation of the fabrication processes for our next generation of GFET sensors. Thus, we have successfully fabricated a promising set of GFET biosensors for the detection of Clusterin protein biomarker. The developed GFET biosensors are entirely generic and also have the potential to be applied to a variety of other disease detection applications such as Parkinson’s, cancer, and cardiovascular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore Bungon
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie Haslam
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Samar Damiati
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin O'Driscoll
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Whitley
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Davey
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Giuliano Siligardi
- Diamond Light Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome Charmet
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Shakil A Awan
- Wolfson Nanomaterials and Devices Laboratory, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom
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25
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Chen F, Swartzlander DB, Ghosh A, Fryer JD, Wang B, Zheng H. Clusterin secreted from astrocyte promotes excitatory synaptic transmission and ameliorates Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Mol Neurodegener 2021; 16:5. [PMID: 33517893 PMCID: PMC7849119 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-021-00426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome-wide association studies have established clusterin (CLU) as a genetic modifier for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Both protective and risk alleles have been identified which may be associated with its expression levels. However, the physiological function of clusterin in the central nervous system remains largely unknown. Methods We examined Clu expression in mouse brains by immunohistochemistry and high-resolution imaging. We performed electrophysiological recordings and morphological analysis of dendritic spines in wild-type and Clu knockout mice. We tested synaptic function of astrocytic Clu using neuron-glia co-cultures and by AAV-mediated astroglial Clu expression in vivo. Finally, we investigated the role of astrocytic Clu on synaptic properties and amyloid pathology in 5xFAD transgenic mouse model of AD. Results We show that astrocyte secreted Clu co-localizes with presynaptic puncta of excitatory neurons. Loss of Clu led to impaired presynaptic function and reduced spine density in vivo. Neurons co-cultured with Clu-overexpressing astrocytes or treated with conditioned media from HEK293 cells transfected with Clu displayed enhanced excitatory neurotransmission. AAV-mediated astroglial Clu expression promoted excitatory neurotransmission in wild-type mice and rescued synaptic deficits in Clu knockout mice. Overexpression of Clu in the astrocytes of 5xFAD mice led to reduced Aβ pathology and fully rescued the synaptic deficits. Conclusion We identify Clu as an astrocyte-derived synaptogenic and anti-amyloid factor; the combination of these activities may influence the progression of late-onset AD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13024-021-00426-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fading Chen
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Present address: Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Dan B Swartzlander
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Anamitra Ghosh
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - John D Fryer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Baiping Wang
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Farias FHG, Benitez BA, Cruchaga C. Quantitative endophenotypes as an alternative approach to understanding genetic risk in neurodegenerative diseases. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 151:105247. [PMID: 33429041 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Endophenotypes, as measurable intermediate features of human diseases, reflect underlying molecular mechanisms. The use of quantitative endophenotypes in genetic studies has improved our understanding of pathophysiological changes associated with diseases. The main advantage of the quantitative endophenotypes approach to study human diseases over a classic case-control study design is the inferred biological context that can enable the development of effective disease-modifying treatments. Here, we summarize recent progress on biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebrospinal fluid and blood-based, neuroimaging, neuropathological, and clinical studies. This review focuses on how endophenotypic studies have successfully linked genetic modifiers to disease risk, disease onset, or progression rate and provided biological context to genes identified in genome-wide association studies. Finally, we review critical methodological considerations for implementing this approach and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana H G Farias
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Bruno A Benitez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; NeuroGenomics and Informatics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; Hope Center for Neurologic Diseases, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America; The Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, United States of America; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, United States of America.
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27
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Pedrini S, Chatterjee P, Hone E, Martins RN. High‐density lipoprotein‐related cholesterol metabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2020; 159:343-377. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Pedrini
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Eugene Hone
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Sarich Neurosciences Research InstituteEdith Cowan University Nedlands WA Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences University of Western Australia Nedlands WA Australia
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28
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Rintz E, Gaffke L, Podlacha M, Brokowska J, Cyske Z, Węgrzyn G, Pierzynowska K. Transcriptomic Changes Related to Cellular Processes with Particular Emphasis on Cell Activation in Lysosomal Storage Diseases from the Group of Mucopolysaccharidoses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093194. [PMID: 32366041 PMCID: PMC7246638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS), inherited metabolic diseases from the group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), are monogenic disorders, recent studies indicated that their molecular mechanisms are complicated. Storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), arising from a deficiency in one of the enzymes involved in the degradation of these compounds, is the primary cause of each MPS type. However, dysfunctions of various cellular organelles and disturbance of cellular processes have been reported which contribute considerably to pathomechanisms of the disease. Here, we present a complex transcriptomic analysis in which all types and subtypes of MPS were investigated, with special emphasis on genes related to cell activation processes. Complex changes in expression of these genes were found in fibroblasts of all MPS types, with number of transcripts revealing higher or lower levels (relative to control fibroblasts) between 19 and over 50, depending on MPS type. Genes in which expression was significantly affected in most MPS types code for proteins involved in following processes, classified according to Gene Ontology knowledge database: cell activation, cell growth, cell recognition, and cell division. Levels of some transcripts (including CD9, CLU, MME and others) were especially significantly changed (over five times relative to controls). Our results are discussed in the light of molecular pathomechanisms of MPS, indicating that secondary and/or tertiary changes, relative to GAG storage, might significantly modulate cellular dysfunctions and contribute to molecular mechanisms of the disease. This may influence the efficacy of various therapies and suggests why various treatments are not fully effective in improving the complex symptoms of MPS.
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29
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Bastrup J, Kastaniegaard K, Asuni AA, Volbracht C, Stensballe A. Proteomic and Unbiased Post-Translational Modification Profiling of Amyloid Plaques and Surrounding Tissue in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 73:393-411. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joakim Bastrup
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
- Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Allan Stensballe
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg East, Denmark
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30
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Shi X, Xie B, Xing Y, Tang Y. Plasma Clusterin as a Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Curr Alzheimer Res 2019; 16:1018-1027. [PMID: 31647395 DOI: 10.2174/1567205016666191024141757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Plasma clusterin has been reported to be associated with the pathology, prevalence,
severity, and rapid clinical progress of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). However, whether plasma
clusterin can be used as a biomarker of AD is inconsistent and even conflicting.
Objective:
We conducted this study to evaluate the potential of plasma clusterin as the biomarker of AD.
Method:
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for studies on the relationship
between plasma clusterin levels and AD diagnosis, risk and disease severity. We also compared
the difference in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) clusterin levels between AD and control groups. We
converted and pooled data using standardized mean difference, Pearson linear regression model and the
Cox regression model.
Results:
A total of 17 articles and 7228 individuals, including 1936 AD were included. The quality
ranged from moderate to high. There was no difference in plasma clusterin between AD and control
groups (SMD= 0.19 [-0.10, 0.48], p=0.20). Plasma clusterin levels were not correlated with the risk
(RR=1.03 [0.97-1.09], p=0.31), the MMSE scores (R=0.33 [-0.06, 0.71], p= 0.09), and the integrated
neuropsychological measurements (R=0.21 [-0.20, 0.63], p=0.31) of AD. Additionally, there was no
difference in CSF clusterin between AD and control groups (SMD=1.94 [ -0.49, 4.37], p=0.12).
Conclusion:
Our meta-analysis suggested no relationship between plasma clusterin levels and the diagnosis,
risk, and disease severity of AD and no difference in the CSF clusterin between AD and the control
groups. Overall, there is no evidence to support plasma clusterin as a biomarker of AD based on the
pooled results.
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Affiliation(s)
- XinRui Shi
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - BeiJia Xie
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Xing
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
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31
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Slot RE, Kester MI, Van Harten AC, Jongbloed W, Bouwman FH, Teunissen CE, Scheltens P, van der Flier WM, Veerhuis R. ApoE and clusterin CSF levels influence associations between APOE genotype and changes in CSF tau, but not CSF Aβ42, levels in non-demented elderly. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 79:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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32
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Contu L, Carare RO, Hawkes CA. Knockout of apolipoprotein A-I decreases parenchymal and vascular β-amyloid pathology in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:698-714. [PMID: 31002190 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the principal apolipoprotein associated with high-density lipoproteins in the periphery, is also found at high concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid. Previous studies have reported either no impact or vascular-specific effects of apoA-I knockout (KO) on β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. However, the putative mechanism(s) by which apoA-I may influence Aβ deposition is unknown. METHODS We evaluated the effect of apoA-I deletion on Aβ pathology, Aβ production and clearance from the brain in the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). RESULTS Contrary to previous reports, deletion of the APOA1 gene significantly reduced concentrations of insoluble Aβ40 and Aβ42 and reduced plaque load in both the parenchyma and blood vessels of apoA-I KO × Tg2576 mice compared to Tg2576 animals. This was not due to decreased Aβ production or alterations in Aβ species. Levels of soluble clusterin/apoJ were significantly higher in neurons of apoA-I KO mice compared to both wildtype (WT) and apoA-I KO × Tg2576 mice. In addition, clearance of Aβ along intramural periarterial drainage pathways was significantly higher in apoA-I KO mice compared to WT animals. CONCLUSION These data suggest that deletion of apoA-I is associated with increased clearance of Aβ and reduced parenchymal and vascular Aβ pathology in the Tg2576 model. These results suggest that peripheral dyslipidaemia can modulate the expression of apolipoproteins in the brain and may influence Aβ clearance and aggregation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Contu
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, STEM Faculty, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - R O Carare
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - C A Hawkes
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, STEM Faculty, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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33
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Dhiman K, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Martins RN, Gupta VB. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for understanding multiple aspects of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:1833-1863. [PMID: 30770953 PMCID: PMC11105672 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial age-related brain disease. Numerous pathological events run forth in the brain leading to AD. There is an initial long, dormant phase before the clinical symptoms become evident. There is a need to diagnose the disease at the preclinical stage since therapeutic interventions are most likely to be effective if initiated early. Undoubtedly, the core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers have a good diagnostic accuracy and have been used in clinical trials as end point measures. However, looking into the multifactorial nature of AD and the overlapping pathology with other forms of dementia, it is important to integrate the core CSF biomarkers with a broader panel of other biomarkers reflecting different aspects of pathology. The review is focused upon a panel of biomarkers that relate to different aspects of AD pathology, as well as various studies that have evaluated their diagnostic potential. The panel includes markers of neurodegeneration: neurofilament light chain and visinin-like protein (VILIP-1); markers of amyloidogenesis and brain amyloidosis: apolipoproteins; markers of inflammation: YKL-40 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; marker of synaptic dysfunction: neurogranin. These markers can highlight on the state and stage-associated changes that occur in AD brain with disease progression. A combination of these biomarkers would not only aid in preclinical diagnosis, but would also help in identifying early brain changes during the onset of disease. Successful treatment strategies can be devised by understanding the contribution of these markers in different aspects of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Dhiman
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, London, UK
| | - Ralph N Martins
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Australian Alzheimer's Research Foundation, Ralph and Patricia Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, 8 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- KaRa Institute of Neurological Diseases, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Centre of Excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, 3220, VIC, Australia.
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Pająk B, Kania E, Gołaszewska A, Orzechowski A. Preliminary Study on Clusterin Protein (sCLU) Expression in PC-12 Cells Overexpressing Wild-Type and Mutated (Swedish) AβPP genes Affected by Non-Steroid Isoprenoids and Water-Soluble Cholesterol. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1481. [PMID: 30909654 PMCID: PMC6470582 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we attempted to verify the hypothesis that the mevalonate pathway affects amyloid beta precursor protein (AβPP) processing and regulates clusterin protein levels. AβPP expression was monitored by green fluorescence (FL) and Western blot (WB). WB showed soluble amyloid protein precursor alpha (sAβPPα) presence in AβPP-wt cells and Aβ expression in AβPP-sw cells. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated rat neuronal pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells were untreated/treated with statins alone or together with non-sterol isoprenoids. Co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol demonstrated statin-dependent neurotoxicity resulted from the attenuated activity of mevalonate pathway rather than lower cholesterol level. Atorvastatin (50 μM) or simvastatin (50 μM) as well as cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cyclodextrin (0.2 mM) diminished cell viability (p < 0.05) and clusterin levels. Interestingly, co-treatment with mevalonate, dolichol, ubiquinol, farnesol, geranylgeraniol, or water-soluble cholesterol stimulated (p < 0.05) clusterin expression. Effects of non-sterol isoprenoids, but not water soluble cholesterol (Chol-PEG), were the most significant in mock-transfected cells. Geranylgeraniol (GGOH) overcame atorvastatin (ATR)-dependent cytotoxicity. This effect does not seem to be dependent on clusterin, as its level became lower after GGOH. The novelty of these findings is that they show that the mevalonate (MEV) pathway rather than cholesterol itself plays an important role in clusterin expression levels. In mock-transfected, rather than in AβPP-overexpressing cells, GGOH/farnesol (FOH) exerted a protective effect. Thus, protein prenylation with GGOH/FOH might play substantial role in neuronal cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Pająk
- Independent Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Kania
- Tumor Cell Death Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK.
| | - Anita Gołaszewska
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Orzechowski
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences ⁻ SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Misra A, Chakrabarti SS, Gambhir IS. New genetic players in late-onset Alzheimer's disease: Findings of genome-wide association studies. Indian J Med Res 2019; 148:135-144. [PMID: 30381536 PMCID: PMC6206761 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_473_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or sporadic AD is the most common form of AD. The precise pathogenetic changes that trigger the development of AD remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple genes which are associated with AD; most notably, these are ABCA7, bridging integrator 1(B1N1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), CD33, clusterin (CLU), complement receptor 1 (CRI), ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1), membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) genes. The proteins coded by the candidate genes participate in a variety of cellular processes such as oxidative balance, protein metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic function. This review summarizes the major gene loci affecting LOAD identified by large GWASs. Tentative mechanisms have also been elaborated in various studies by which the proteins coded by these genes may exert a role in AD pathogenesis have also been elaborated. The review suggests that these may together affect LOAD pathogenesis in a complementary fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Misra
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Indrajeet Singh Gambhir
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Yang C, Wang H, Li C, Niu H, Luo S, Guo X. Association between clusterin concentration and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:129-140. [PMID: 30291488 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies have showed that high clusterin (CLU) concentration was associated with increased risk of dementia. However, the results based on small samples remained controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the relationship between CLU concentration and the late-life cognitive outcomes including mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease related dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (DLB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A comprehensive search was conducted to screen the eligible studies in online database PubMed, Web of Science and Embase from 1950 to January 2017 according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The CLU concentration data in brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum and plasma was collected to determine the strength of this association. The results were presented with standard difference of the mean (SDM) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 28 studies were identified to calculate the association between CLU concentration and dementia. The results showed that the CLU concentration in the plasma (SDM = 0.73, 95% CI 0.26-1.19, P = 0.002) and brain tissue (SDM = 0.71, 95% CI 0.10-1.32, P = 0.022) was increased in dementia compared to normal control. Subgroup analysis showed that the plasma CLU concentration was significantly increased only in the AD group (SDM = 1.85, 95% CI 0.84-2.85, P < 0.001), but not in MCI or other dementias. No association was found between serum and CSF clusterin concentration and dementia. This meta-analysis indicates that high CLU concentration in the plasma and brain is associated with dementia, especially in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiping Yang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Chaojiu Li
- The Middle School Attached to Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Huiyan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital of Zhuozhou, Zhuozhou, 072750, Hebei, China
| | - Shunkui Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China
| | - Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, China.
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Wang Z, Xu Q, Cai F, Liu X, Wu Y, Song W. BACE2, a conditional β-secretase, contributes to Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:123431. [PMID: 30626751 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.123431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Deposition of amyloid-β protein (Aβ) to form neuritic plaques is the characteristic neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is generated from amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β- and γ-secretase cleavages. BACE1 is the β-secretase and its inhibition induces severe side effects, whereas its homolog BACE2 normally suppresses Aβ by cleaving APP/Aβ at the θ-site (Phe20) within the Aβ domain. Here, we report that BACE2 also processes APP at the β site, and the juxtamembrane helix (JH) of APP inhibits its β-secretase activity, enabling BACE2 to cleave nascent APP and aggravate AD symptoms. JH-disrupting mutations and clusterin binding to JH triggered BACE2-mediated β-cleavage. Both BACE2 and clusterin were elevated in aged mouse brains, and enhanced β-cleavage during aging. Therefore, BACE2 contributes to AD pathogenesis as a conditional β-secretase and could be a preventive and therapeutic target for AD without the side effects of BACE1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fang Cai
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xi Liu
- Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Townsend Family Laboratories, Department of Psychiatry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Perrotte M, Le Page A, Fournet M, Le Sayec M, Rassart É, Fulop T, Ramassamy C. Blood-based redox-signature and their association to the cognitive scores in MCI and Alzheimer's disease patients. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 130:499-511. [PMID: 30445127 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.10.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal and early role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is convincing evidence that oxidative alterations in AD and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are not limited to the brain but are extended to the blood compartment. However, the oxidative pattern in plasma is still inconclusive. Moreover, their potential association with the clinical scores MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) and MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) is poorly investigated. The aim of our study was to establish a pattern of blood-based redox alterations in prodromal AD and their evolution during the progression of the disease. Our results showed a reduction in the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and an increase of the stress-response proteins apolipoprotein J (ApoJ) and Klotho in MCI subjects. For the first time, we evidenced circulating-proteasome activity. We found that the alteration of the circulating-proteasome activity is associated with the accumulation of oxidized proteins in plasma form early AD. Interestingly, the TAC, the levels of vitamin D and the activity of proteasome were positively associated to the clinical scores MMSE and MoCA. The levels of protein carbonyls and of ApoJ were negatively associated to the MMSE and MoCA scores. The levels of apolipoprotein D (ApoD) were not different between groups. Interestingly, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis indicated that these redox markers provide a fair classification of different groups with high accuracy. Overall, our results strengthen the notion that some specific oxidative markers could be considered as non-invasive blood-based biomarkers for an early MCI diagnosis and AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Perrotte
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Le Page
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Éric Rassart
- Université Québec à Montréal, Dept. Sciences biologiques, QC, Canada
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Department of Medicine, Geriatric Division, Research Center on Aging, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Ramassamy
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada; Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Laval University, Québec, Canada.
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Stem Cells as Potential Targets of Polyphenols in Multiple Sclerosis and Alzheimer's Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1483791. [PMID: 30112360 PMCID: PMC6077677 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1483791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis are major neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by the accumulation of abnormal pathogenic proteins due to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and pathogens, leading to neurodegeneration and behavioral deficits. Herein, we reviewed the utility of plant polyphenols in regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells for inducing brain self-repair in AD and multiple sclerosis. Firstly, we discussed the genetic, physiological, and environmental factors involved in the pathophysiology of both the disorders. Next, we reviewed various stem cell therapies available and how they have proved useful in animal models of AD and multiple sclerosis. Lastly, we discussed how polyphenols utilize the potential of stem cells, either complementing their therapeutic effects or stimulating endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis, against these diseases. We suggest that polyphenols could be a potential candidate for stem cell therapy against neurodegenerative disorders.
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El Haj M, Gallouj K, Dehon H, Roche J, Larøi F. Hallucinations in Alzheimer's disease: failure to suppress irrelevant memories. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2018; 23:142-153. [PMID: 29480041 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2018.1443062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research with patients with schizophrenia suggests that inhibitory dysfunction leads to the emergence of redundant or irrelevant information from long-term memory into awareness, and that this process may be involved in generating hallucinations. We investigated whether inhibitory dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) leads to hallucinations. METHOD AD participants and healthy matched controls were assessed with a hallucinations scale and a directed forgetting task. On the directed forgetting task, they were asked to retain a list of 10 words (i.e., List 1). Thereafter, half of the participants were asked to forget this list whereas the other half were asked to retain the list in memory. After the List 1 presentation, all participants were asked to retain another list of 10 words and, successively, were asked to remember all of the words from both lists, regardless of the previous forget or remember instruction. RESULTS Relative to healthy matched controls, AD participants showed difficulties in suppressing the words from List 1. AD participants also showed more hallucinatory experiences than healthy matched controls. Interestingly, a significant correlation was observed between the score on the hallucinations measure and difficulties in suppressing List 1 in AD participants. DISCUSSION Hallucinations in AD may, at least in part, be related to difficulties in suppressing memory representations, such that unwanted or repetitive thoughts intrude into consciousness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El Haj
- a CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193-SCALab-Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives , University of Lille , Lille , France.,b Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing , Tourcoing , France
| | - Karim Gallouj
- b Unité de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier de Tourcoing , Tourcoing , France
| | - Hedwige Dehon
- c Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - Jean Roche
- d CHU de Lille , Unité de Psychogériatrie, Pôle de Gérontologie , Lille , France
| | - Franck Larøi
- c Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit , University of Liège , Liège , Belgium.,e Department of Biological and Medical Psychology , University of Bergen , Bergen , Norway.,f NORMENT-Norwegian Centre of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research , University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
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Nordestgaard LT, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Rasmussen KL, Nordestgaard BG, Frikke-Schmidt R. Genetic variation in clusterin and risk of dementia and ischemic vascular disease in the general population: cohort studies and meta-analyses of 362,338 individuals. BMC Med 2018; 16:39. [PMID: 29534716 PMCID: PMC5851250 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clusterin, also known as apolipoprotein J (apoJ), is one of the most abundantly expressed apolipoproteins in the brain after apolipoprotein E (apoE). Like the ε4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), the clusterin gene (CLU) is a risk locus for Alzheimer's disease, and may play additional roles in atherosclerosis pathogenesis. We tested whether genetic variation in CLU was associated with either Alzheimer's disease or atherosclerosis-related diseases. METHODS We studied individual data on 103,987 participants from the Copenhagen General Population Study (CGPS) and the Copenhagen City Heart Study (CCHS). We genotyped a common CLU variant (rs9331896) and two common APOE variants (rs7412 and rs429358), defining the ε2, ε3, and ε4, alleles in CGPS and CCHS. All individuals in the CGPS and CCHS cohorts were followed from study inclusion to occurrence of event, death, emigration, or until 10 November 2014, whichever came first. Summary consortia data on 258,351 individuals from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) and the Coronary Artery Disease Genome-wide Replication and Meta-analysis plus the Coronary Artery Disease (C4D) Genetics and 1000-Genomes-based genome-wide association studies (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D) were used in meta-analyses. RESULTS In CGPS and CCHS, multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for Alzheimer's disease, all dementia, vascular dementia, ischemic cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were 1.18 (1.07-1.30), 1.09 (1.02-1.17), 0.96 (0.80-1.17), 1.02 (0.97-1.07), and 0.97 (0.93-1.01) per T allele, respectively. Multifactorially adjusted hazard ratios for Alzheimer's disease and all dementia were 2.72 (2.45-3.01) and 2.21 (2.05-2.38) for the APOE ɛ4 allele. There was no interaction between rs9331896 in CLU and rs429358 (defining the ɛ4 allele) in APOE in predicting Alzheimer's disease or all dementia (P = 0.39 and P = 0.21). In a meta-analysis including consortium data, the overall fixed- and random-effects odds ratios for Alzheimer's disease per T allele were 1.16 (1.13-1.18) (I 2 = 0.0%; P for heterogeneity = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS A common variant in CLU was associated with a high risk of Alzheimer's disease and all dementia in the general population but not with vascular dementia or ischemic vascular disease. Important novel aspects compared to previous studies are the incorporation of individual risk factor data, the exact causative ε4 allele, and several subtypes of dementia and atherosclerosis-related endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospitals and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine Laura Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen City Heart Study, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, DK-2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospitals and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke-Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospitals and Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Zhu B, Wang RM, Wang JT, Chen RL, Zheng YF, Zhang L, Zhao ZG. Correlation of rs9331888 polymorphism with Alzheimer's disease among Caucasian and Chinese populations: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:981-989. [PMID: 28168383 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-9957-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin polymorphism (rs9331888) was reported to be associated with the susceptibility to alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the results were inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of this association, this meta-analysis was conducted. We've conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI and AlzGene database for case-control studies published throughout October, 2016 that evaluated the role of rs9331888 gene variants in AD patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of associations between the rs9331888/C > G polymorphism and AD disease. A total of 9 studies were enrolled in the Meta Analysis. The overall analysis revealed a significant association between the rs9331888/C > G polymorphism and AD disease in the recessive model (GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.05-1.18; P < 0.01). Sub-group analysis revealed that the Caucasian populations which with recessive model (GG vs. GC + CC: OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.06-1.2; P < 0.01) were dramatically related to AD, while no significant association was found in the Chinese populations among the five genetic models. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that the rs9331888/C > G polymorphism in the clusterin gene might contribute to AD susceptibility especially in Caucasian populations. Whereas the relationship of the polymorphism to the disease in Chinese populations was still in controversial. Additional well-designed studies, with larger sample sizes, are required to further elucidate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Rui Min Wang
- Department of Hospital medical room, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jian Ting Wang
- Department of nephropathy, People's Hospital Affiliated to FuJian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian, 350004, China
| | - Rui Ling Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yan Fei Zheng
- School of Basic Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhi Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Boyce G, Button E, Soo S, Wellington C. The pleiotropic vasoprotective functions of high density lipoproteins (HDL). J Biomed Res 2017; 32:164. [PMID: 28550271 PMCID: PMC6265396 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.31.20160103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic functions of circulating high density lipoprotein (HDL) on peripheral vascular health are well established. HDL plays a pivotal role in reverse cholesterol transport and is also known to suppress inflammation, endothelial activation and apoptosis in peripheral vessels. Although not expressed in the central nervous system, HDL has nevertheless emerged as a potential resilience factor for dementia in multiple epidemiological studies. Animal model data specifically support a role for HDL in attenuating the accumulation of β-amyloid within cerebral vessels concomitant with reduced neuroinflammation and improved cognitive performance. As the vascular contributions to dementia are increasingly appreciated, this review seeks to summarize recent literature focused on the vasoprotective properties of HDL that may extend to cerebral vessels, discuss potential roles of HDL in dementia relative to brain-derived lipoproteins, identify gaps in current knowledge, and highlight new opportunities for research and discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilaine Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Emily Button
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sonja Soo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Cheryl Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Wang Y, Qin X, Paudel HK. Amyloid β peptide promotes lysosomal degradation of clusterin via sortilin in hippocampal primary neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 103:78-88. [PMID: 28396259 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive accumulation of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) in the brain is implicated as the central event in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is thought that extracellular Aβ triggers toxic signals leading to neurodegeneration. The events downstream of Aβ however are not entirely clear. Clusterin (Apo J) is one of the major risk factors for sporadic form of AD. Clusterin binds to Aβ and prevents Aβ aggregation. In addition, clusterin promotes Aβ degradation and accelerates Aβ clearance from the brain. Clusterin thus protects neurons from Aβ and loss of clusterin level in the brain is implicated as promoting AD pathology. In this study, we found that the level of clusterin protein but not mRNA is reduced in the brains of 3xTg-AD mice. When rat hippocampal primary neurons were treated with Aβ1-42, level of clusterin protein but not mRNA was downregulated. Aβ1-42-induced downregulation of clusterin was blocked by lysosome inhibitors bafilomycin A1 and ammonium chloride. In neurons, Aβ1-42 induced expression of sortilin, a lysosomal sorting protein that targets proteins to lysosome for degradation. In BE(2) M17 human neuroblastoma cells, clusterin bound to sortilin and when sortilin expression was silenced, Aβ1-42-induced clusterin downregulation was almost completely blocked. Our data demonstrate that in neurons, Aβ1-42 promotes lysosomal degradation of clusterin by inducing expression of sortilin and provide a novel mechanism by which Aβ promotes AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Xike Qin
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Hemant K Paudel
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada.
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Duarte AC, Hrynchak MV, Gonçalves I, Quintela T, Santos CRA. Sex Hormone Decline and Amyloid β Synthesis, Transport and Clearance in the Brain. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28. [PMID: 27632792 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sex hormones (SH) are essential regulators of the central nervous system. The decline in SH levels along with ageing may contribute to compromised neuroprotection and set the grounds for neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments. In Alzheimer's disease, besides other pathological features, there is an imbalance between amyloid β (Aβ) production and clearance, leading to its accumulation in the brain of older subjects. Aβ accumulation is a primary cause for brain inflammation and degeneration, as well as concomitant cognitive decline. There is mounting evidence that SH modulate Aβ production, transport and clearance. Importantly, SH regulate most of the molecules involved in the amyloidogenic pathway, their transport across brain barriers for elimination, and their degradation in the brain interstitial fluid. This review brings together data on the regulation of Aβ production, metabolism, degradation and clearance by SH.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Duarte
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M V Hrynchak
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- Health Sciences Research Centre - CICS-UBI, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Cai R, Han J, Sun J, Huang R, Tian S, Shen Y, Dong X, Xia W, Wang S. Plasma Clusterin and the CLU Gene rs11136000 Variant Are Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:179. [PMID: 27516739 PMCID: PMC4963458 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to an elevated risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Plasma clusterin is reported associated with the early pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and longitudinal brain atrophy in subjects with MCI. The rs11136000 single nucleotide polymorphism within the clusterin (CLU) gene is also associated with the risk of AD. We aimed to investigate the associations among plasma clusterin, rs11136000 genotype and T2DM-associated MCI. Methods: A total of 231 T2DM patients, including 126 MCI and 105 cognitively healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Demographic parameters were collected and neuropsychological tests were conducted. Plasma clusterin and CLU rs11136000 genotype were examined. Results: Plasma clusterin was significantly higher in MCI patients than in control group (p = 0.007). In subjects with MCI, plasma clusterin level was negatively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment and auditory verbal learning test_delayed recall scores (p = 0.027 and p = 0.020, respectively). After adjustment for age, educational attainment, and gender, carriers of rs11136000 TT genotype demonstrated reduced risk for MCI compared with the CC genotype carriers (OR = 0.158, χ2 = 4.113, p = 0.043). Multivariable regression model showed that educational attainment, duration of diabetes, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and plasma clusterin levels are associated with MCI in T2DM patients. Conclusions: Plasma clusterin was associated with MCI and may reflect a protective response in T2DM patients. TT genotype exhibited a reduced risk of MCI compared to CC genotype. Further investigations should be conducted to determine the role of clusterin in cognitive decline. Trial registration Advanced Glycation End Products Induced Cognitive Impairment in Diabetes: BDNF Signal Meditated Hippocampal Neurogenesis ChiCTR-OCC-15006060; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=10536
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast UniversityNanjing, China; Medical School of Southeast UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Sai Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Yanjue Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Wenqing Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing, China
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Miners JS, Clarke P, Love S. Clusterin levels are increased in Alzheimer's disease and influence the regional distribution of Aβ. Brain Pathol 2016; 27:305-313. [PMID: 27248362 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Clusterin, also known as apoJ, is a lipoprotein abundantly expressed within the CNS. It regulates Aβ fibril formation and toxicity and facilitates amyloid-β (Aβ) transport across the blood-brain barrier. Genome-wide association studies have shown variations in the clusterin gene (CLU) to influence the risk of developing sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). To explore whether clusterin modulates the regional deposition of Aβ, we measured levels of soluble (NP40-extracted) and insoluble (guanidine-HCl-extracted) clusterin, Aβ40 and Aβ42 by sandwich ELISA in brain regions with a predilection for amyloid pathology-mid-frontal cortex (MF), cingulate cortex (CC), parahippocampal cortex (PH), and regions with little or no pathology-thalamus (TH) and white matter (WM). Clusterin level was highest in regions with plaque pathology (MF, CC, PH and PC), approximately mirroring the regional distribution of Aβ. It was significantly higher in AD than controls, and correlated positively with Aβ42 and insoluble Aβ40. Soluble clusterin level rose significantly with severity of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and in MF and PC regions was highest in APOE ɛ4 homozygotes. In the TH and WM (areas with little amyloid pathology) clusterin was unaltered in AD and did not correlate with Aβ level. There was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of clusterin and the regional levels of insoluble Aβ42; however, the molar ratio of clusterin : Aβ42 declined with insoluble Aβ42 level in a region-dependent manner, being lowest in regions with predilection for Aβ plaque pathology. Under physiological conditions, clusterin reduces aggregation and promotes clearance of Aβ. Our findings indicate that in AD, clusterin increases, particularly in regions with most abundant Aβ, but because the increase does not match the rising level of Aβ42, the molar ratio of clusterin : Aβ42 in those regions falls, probably contributing to Aβ deposition within the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Miners
- Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Clarke
- Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Seth Love
- Dementia Research Group, Institute of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Del Valle E, Navarro A, Martínez-Pinilla E, Torices S, Tolivia J. Apo J and Apo D: Complementary or Antagonistic Roles in Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 53:639-50. [PMID: 27197790 DOI: 10.3233/jad-160032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein D (Apo D) and Apolipoprotein J (Apo J) are among the only nine apolipoproteins synthesized in the nervous system. Apart from development, these apolipoproteins are implicated in the normal aging process as well as in different neuropathologies as Alzheimer's disease (AD), where a neuroprotective role has been postulated. Different authors have proposed that Apo D and Apo J could be biomarkers for AD but as far as we know, there are no studies about the relationship between them as well as their expression pattern along the progression of the disease. In this paper, using double immunohistochemistry techniques, we have demonstrated that Apo D is mainly located in glial cells while Apo J expression preferentially occurs in neurons; both proteins are also present in AD diffuse and mature senile plaques but without signal overlap. In addition, we have observed that Apo J and Apo D immunostaining shows a positive correlation with the progression of the disease and the Braak's stages. These results suggest complementary and cell-dependent neuroprotective roles for each apolipoprotein during AD progress.
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative disease and the most common form of dementia in elderly people. It is an emerging public health problem that poses a huge societal burden. Linkage analysis was the first milestone in unraveling the mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 that cause early-onset AD, followed by the discovery of apolipoprotein E-ε4 allele as the only one genetic risk factor for late-onset AD. Genome-wide association studies have revolutionized genetic research and have identified over 20 genetic loci associated with late-onset AD. Recently, next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the identification of rare disease variants, including unmasking small mutations with intermediate risk of AD in PLD3, TREM2, UNC5C, AKAP9, and ADAM10. This review provides an overview of the genetic basis of AD and the relationship between these risk genes and the neuropathologic features of AD. An understanding of genetic mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis and the potentially implicated pathways will lead to the development of novel treatment for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Giri
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
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Přikrylová Vranová H, Hényková E, Mareš J, Kaiserová M, Menšíková K, Vaštík M, Hluštík P, Zapletalová J, Strnad M, Stejskal D, Kaňovský P. Clusterin CSF levels in differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361:117-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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