1
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Qi J, Dong M, Gou Q, Zhu H. Multi-omics analysis of the lipid-regulating effects of metformin in a glucose concentration-dependent manner in macrophage-derived foam cells. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01269-x. [PMID: 39235508 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01269-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Metformin has a long history of clinical application and has been shown to have outstanding ability in lowering glucose. Recent advances have further revealed its broad modulatory ability beyond glucose-lowering, expanding the scope of metformin applications. Metformin has now been applied as a viable lipid-lowering strategy in non-hyperglycemic obese patients. However, the benefits and underlying pharmacological mechanisms of metformin administration in non-hyperglycemic populations remain to be explained. Our study aimed to systematically investigate the differences in the lipid-lowering function and pharmacological mechanisms of metformin in high- and low-sugar conditions to facilitate the development of individualized metformin use regimens for different clinical patients. We constructed macrophage-derived foam cell models in vitro for subsequent analysis. ORO results showed that metformin significantly reduced lipid accumulation in macrophages in both high and low glucose environments, but the lipid decline was higher in the high glucose environment. By mutual validation and joint analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics, significant differences in metformin transcriptional and metabolic patterns existed among high and normal glucose environments. The significant alterations of genes such as DGKA, LPL, DGAT2 and lipid metabolites such as LysPA and LysPC partially explained the glucose-dependent pharmacological function of metformin. In conclusion, our study confirmed that the lipid-lowering effect of metformin depends on the extracellular glucose concentration, and systematically studied the molecular mechanism of metformin in different glycemic environments, which provides a certain reference value for the subsequent in-depth study and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qi
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengya Dong
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiling Gou
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Huolan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, China.
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2
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Ping P, Li J, Lei H, Xu X. Fatty acid metabolism: A new therapeutic target for cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1111778. [PMID: 37056351 PMCID: PMC10088509 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1111778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common malignancies in women. Cancer cells can use metabolic reprogramming to produce macromolecules and ATP needed to sustain cell growth, division and survival. Recent evidence suggests that fatty acid metabolism and its related lipid metabolic pathways are closely related to the malignant progression of CC. In particular, it involves the synthesis, uptake, activation, oxidation, and transport of fatty acids. Similarly, more and more attention has been paid to the effects of intracellular lipolysis, transcriptional regulatory factors, other lipid metabolic pathways and diet on CC. This study reviews the latest evidence of the link between fatty acid metabolism and CC; it not only reveals its core mechanism but also discusses promising targeted drugs for fatty acid metabolism. This study on the complex relationship between carcinogenic signals and fatty acid metabolism suggests that fatty acid metabolism will become a new therapeutic target in CC.
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3
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Fatty Acid Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: Therapeutic Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042170. [PMID: 35216285 PMCID: PMC8874779 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most malignant gynecological tumor. Previous studies have reported that metabolic alterations resulting from deregulated lipid metabolism promote ovarian cancer aggressiveness. Lipid metabolism involves the oxidation of fatty acids, which leads to energy generation or new lipid metabolite synthesis. The upregulation of fatty acid synthesis and related signaling promote tumor cell proliferation and migration, and, consequently, lead to poor prognosis. Fatty acid-mediated lipid metabolism in the tumor microenvironment (TME) modulates tumor cell immunity by regulating immune cells, including T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells, which play essential roles in ovarian cancer cell survival. Here, the types and sources of fatty acids and their interactions with the TME of ovarian cancer have been reviewed. Additionally, this review focuses on the role of fatty acid metabolism in tumor immunity and suggests that fatty acid and related lipid metabolic pathways are potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
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4
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Designing topographically textured microparticles for induction and modulation of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120450. [PMID: 33096376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are the focus of intense research in bone development and regeneration. The potential of microparticles as modulating moieties of osteogenic response by utilizing their architectural features is demonstrated herein. Topographically textured microparticles of varying microscale features are produced by exploiting phase-separation of a readily soluble sacrificial component from polylactic acid. The influence of varying topographical features on primary human mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and markers of osteogenesis is investigated. In the absence of osteoinductive supplements, cells cultured on textured microparticles exhibit notably increased expression of osteogenic markers relative to conventional smooth microparticles. They also exhibit varying morphological, attachment and proliferation responses. Significantly altered gene expression and metabolic profiles are observed, with varying histological characteristics in vivo. This study highlights how tailoring topographical design offers cell-instructive 3D microenvironments which allow manipulation of stem cell fate by eliciting the desired downstream response without use of exogenous osteoinductive factors.
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5
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Liu Y, Wang R, Zheng K, Xin Y, Jia S, Zhao X. Metabonomics analysis of liver in rats administered with chronic low-dose acrylamide. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:894-905. [PMID: 31928121 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1714791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to investigate the hepatotoxicity of rats administered with chronic low-dose acrylamide (AA) by using metabonomics technology on the basis of ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). A total of 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: control, low-dose AA (0.2 mg/kg bw, non-carcinogenic end-point based on the induction of morphological nerve changes in rats), middle-dose AA (1 mg/kg bw), and high-dose AA (5 mg/kg bw). The rats continuously received AA by administering it in drinking water daily for 16 weeks. After the treatment, rat livers were collected for metabonomics analysis and histopathology examination. Principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to investigate the metabonomics profile changes in rat liver tissues and screen the potential biomarkers.Fourteen metabolites were identified with significant changes in intensities (increased or decreased compared with the control group) as a result of treatment (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). These metabolites included tauro-b-muricholic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, sphingosine 1-phosphate, taurodeoxycholic acid, lysoPE(20:5), cervonyl carnitine, linoleyl carnitine, docosahexaenoic acid, lysoPC(20:4), lysoPE(18:3), PA(20:4), stearidonyl carnitine, alpha-linolenic acid, and lysoPA(18:0).Results showed that chronic exposure to AA at NOAEL (0.2 mg/kg bw) exhibited no toxic effect in rat livers at the metabolic level. AA induced oxidative stress to the liver and disrupted lipid metabolism. The results of liver histopathology examination further supported the metabonomic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruijuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Youwei Xin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Siqi Jia
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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6
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Members of the endocannabinoid system are distinctly regulated in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2358. [PMID: 30787385 PMCID: PMC6382821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38865-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) plays an important role in the protection against intestinal inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC); however, human data are scarce. We determined members of the ECS and related components of the ‘endocannabinoidome’ in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and CRC, and compared them to control subjects. Anandamide (AEA) and oleoylethanolamide (OEA) were increased in plasma of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) patients while 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) was elevated in patients with CD, but not UC. 2-AG, but not AEA, PEA and OEA, was elevated in CRC patients. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) 18:0 showed higher levels in patients with IBD than in control subjects whereas LPI 20:4 was elevated in both CRC and IBD. Gene expression in intestinal mucosal biopsies revealed different profiles in CD and UC. CD, but not UC patients, showed increased gene expression for the 2-AG synthesizing enzyme diacylglycerol lipase alpha. Transcripts of CNR1 and GPR119 were predominantly decreased in CD. Our data show altered plasma levels of endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-like lipids in IBD and CRC and distinct transcript profiles in UC and CD. We also report alterations for less known components in intestinal inflammation, such as GPR119, OEA and LPI.
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7
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Zhou XL, Guo X, Song YP, Zhu CY, Zou W. The LPI/GPR55 axis enhances human breast cancer cell migration via HBXIP and p-MLC signaling. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:459-471. [PMID: 29188802 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is expressed in multiple tissues, and has been implicated in cancer pathogenesis, but little is known about its role in the migratory behavior of cancer cells, particularly breast cancer cells. In this study we first showed that GPR55 expression levels in 38 metastatic lymph nodes of breast cancer patients were profoundly elevated, and were positively associated in human breast cancer cells with their migratory ability. Moreover, the plasma levels of GPR55 endogenous agonist L-a-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) were significantly increased in breast cancer patients compared with healthy individuals. In human breast cancer LM-MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, treatment with LPI (2.5 μmol/L) significantly increased filopodia formation and resulted in cell migration, which could be blocked either by the GPR55 antagonist CID16020046 or by siRNA-mediated GPR55 knockdown. Furthermore, dual-luciferase report gene assays showed that GPR55 upregulated HBXIP at the promoter; GPR55 expression levels were positively correlated with HBXIP expression levels in breast cancer tissues and 8 breast cancer cell lines. We also showed that the LPI/GPR55 axis promoted the migration of breast cancer cells via two mutually exclusive pathways - the HBXIP/p-ERK1/2/Capn4 and MLCK/MLC signaling pathways. In xenograft nude mouse model, loss of GPR55 mainly affected breast cancer cell metastasis and the formation of metastatic foci. Thus, GPR55 is involved in the migratory behavior of human breast cancer cells and could serve as a pharmacological target for preventing metastasis.
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8
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Zheng Z, Geng WC, Gao J, Wang YY, Sun H, Guo DS. Ultrasensitive and specific fluorescence detection of a cancer biomarker via nanomolar binding to a guanidinium-modified calixarene. Chem Sci 2018; 9:2087-2091. [PMID: 29675249 PMCID: PMC5892409 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04989g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a water-soluble guanidinium-modified calix[5]arene to target lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an ideal biomarker for early diagnosis of ovarian and other gynecologic cancers, achieving binding on the nanomolar level. An indicator displacement assay, coupled with differential sensing, enabled ultrasensitive and specific detection of LPA. Moreover, we show that using a calibration line, the LPA concentration in untreated serum can be quantified in the biologically relevant low μM range with a detection limit of 1.7 μM. The reported approach is feasible for diagnosing ovarian and other gynecologic cancers, particularly at their early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zheng
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Wen-Chao Geng
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Yu-Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Hongwei Sun
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
| | - Dong-Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry , State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry , Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials , Ministry of Education , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China .
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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9
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Maciel E, Felgueiras J, Silva EMP, Ricardo F, Moreira ASP, Melo T, Campos A, Fardilha M, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Lipid remodelling in human melanoma cells in response to UVA exposure. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:744-752. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00025a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The UVA exposure have impact on the lipid composition in human melanoma cells.
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10
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Reynolds GM, Visentin B, Sabbadini R. Immunohistochemical Detection of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate and Sphingosine Kinase-1 in Human Tissue Samples and Cell Lines. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1697:43-56. [PMID: 28560513 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the enzyme primarily responsible for its production, sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1), are dysregulated in multiple human diseases including cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, neurological diseases, fibrosis, and certain pathologies associated with impaired angiogenesis such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antibody-based techniques to identify and localize S1P and SphK-1 within cells and tissue specimens represent a powerful tool, not only to understand biological role of these molecules but also to validate these unique in-class targets in multiple state diseases. Consequently, the potential applications of these molecules for therapy and diagnostic purposes are currently under investigation. Here, we describe a new improved technique, Agitated Low Temperature Epitope Retrieval (ALTER) for staining procedures, to identify expression of S1P and SphK-1 in human frozen tissue samples. The challenges encountered in the process of localization in tissue samples of lipid molecules such as S1P are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Reynolds
- Centre for Liver Research and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, University of Birmingham and Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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11
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Yin R, Yang T, Su H, Ying L, Liu L, Sun C. Saturated fatty acids as possible important metabolites for epithelial ovarian cancer based on the free and esterified fatty acid profiles determined by GC-MS analysis. Cancer Biomark 2016; 17:259-269. [DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yin
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tongshu Yang
- The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Pharmacy, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changhao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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12
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Paine MRL, Kim J, Bennett RV, Parry RM, Gaul DA, Wang MD, Matzuk MM, Fernández FM. Whole Reproductive System Non-Negative Matrix Factorization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of an Early-Stage Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154837. [PMID: 27159635 PMCID: PMC4861325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common and deadliest form of ovarian cancer. Yet it is largely asymptomatic in its initial stages. Studying the origin and early progression of this disease is thus critical in identifying markers for early detection and screening purposes. Tissue-based mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) can be employed as an unbiased way of examining localized metabolic changes between healthy and cancerous tissue directly, at the onset of disease. In this study, we describe MSI results from Dicer-Pten double-knockout (DKO) mice, a mouse model faithfully reproducing the clinical nature of human HGSC. By using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) for the unsupervised analysis of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) datasets, tissue regions are segregated based on spectral components in an unbiased manner, with alterations related to HGSC highlighted. Results obtained by combining NMF with DESI-MSI revealed several metabolic species elevated in the tumor tissue and/or surrounding blood-filled cyst including ceramides, sphingomyelins, bilirubin, cholesterol sulfate, and various lysophospholipids. Multiple metabolites identified within the imaging study were also detected at altered levels within serum in a previous metabolomic study of the same mouse model. As an example workflow, features identified in this study were used to build an oPLS-DA model capable of discriminating between DKO mice with early-stage tumors and controls with up to 88% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R. L. Paine
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - Jaeyeon Kim
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Rachel V. Bennett
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - R. Mitchell Parry
- Department of Computer Science, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, 28608, United States of America
| | - David A. Gaul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
- School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - May D. Wang
- Walter H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
| | - Martin M. Matzuk
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Center for Drug Discovery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
- Integrated Cancer Research Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
- Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Kargl J, Andersen L, Hasenöhrl C, Feuersinger D, Stančić A, Fauland A, Magnes C, El-Heliebi A, Lax S, Uranitsch S, Haybaeck J, Heinemann A, Schicho R. GPR55 promotes migration and adhesion of colon cancer cells indicating a role in metastasis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 173:142-54. [PMID: 26436760 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumour cell migration and adhesion constitute essential features of metastasis. G-protein coupled receptor 55 (GPR55), a lysophospholipid receptor, has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis. Here, we investigated the involvement of GPR55 in migration and metastasis of colon cancer cells. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Adhesion and migration assays using the highly metastatic colon cancer cell line HCT116 and an in vivo assay of liver metastasis were performed. The GPR55 antagonist CID16020046, cannabidiol, a putative GPR55 antagonist and GPR55 siRNA were used to block GPR55 activity in HCT116 colon cancer cells. KEY RESULTS HCT116 cells showed a significant decrease in adhesion to endothelial cells and in migration after blockade with CID16020046 or cannabidiol. The inhibitory effects of CID16020046 or cannabidiol were averted by GPR55 siRNA knock down in cancer cells. The integrity of endothelial cell monolayers was increased after pretreatment of HCT116 cells with the antagonists or after GPR55 siRNA knockdown while pretreatment with lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), the endogenous ligand of GPR55, decreased integrity of the monolayers. LPI also induced migration in GPR55 overexpressing HCT116 cells that was blocked by GPR55 antagonists. In a mouse model of metastasis, the arrest of HCT116 cancer cells in the liver was reduced after treatment with CID16020046 or cannabidiol. Increased levels of LPI (18:0) were found in colon cancer patients when compared with healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS GPR55 is involved in the migratory behaviour of colon carcinoma cells and may serve as a pharmacological target for the prevention of metastasis. © 2015 The British Pharmacological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kargl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - L Andersen
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C Hasenöhrl
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - D Feuersinger
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Stančić
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Fauland
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Graz, Austria
| | - C Magnes
- HEALTH - Institute for Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H., Graz, Austria
| | - A El-Heliebi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Biobank Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - S Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz West, Graz, Austria
| | - S Uranitsch
- Department of Surgery, St John of God Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - R Schicho
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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14
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Zhang SY, Shi W, Cheng P, Zaworotko MJ. A Mixed-Crystal Lanthanide Zeolite-like Metal–Organic Framework as a Fluorescent Indicator for Lysophosphatidic Acid, a Cancer Biomarker. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:12203-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yuan Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(MOE), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Science and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
| | - Wei Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(MOE), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry
(MOE), Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Michael J. Zaworotko
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Science and Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Republic of Ireland
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15
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Lysophosphatidic Acid Inhibits Apoptosis Induced by Cisplatin in Cervical Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:598386. [PMID: 26366416 PMCID: PMC4558435 DOI: 10.1155/2015/598386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) level has been found significantly increased in the serum of patients with ovarian, cervical, and colon cancers. LPA level in cervical cancer patients is significantly higher than in healthy controls. LPA receptors were found highly expressed in cervical cancer cells, suggesting LPA may play a role in the development of cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of LPA on the apoptosis induced by cisplatin (DDP) in cervical cancer cell line and the underlying changes in signaling pathways. Our study found that cisplatin induced apoptosis of Hela cell through inhibiting expression of Bcl-2, upregulating the expression of Bax, Fas-L, and the enzyme activity of caspase-3 (p < 0.05); LPA significantly provided protection against the apoptosis induced by cisplatin by inhibiting the above alterations in apoptotic factor caused by cisplatin (p < 0.05). Moreover, PI3K/AKT pathway was found to be important for the LPA antiapoptosis effect, and administration of PI3K/AKT partially reversed the LPA-mediated protection against cisplatin-induced apoptosis (p < 0.05). These findings have shed new lights on the LPA bioactivity in cervical cancer cells and pointed to a possible sensitization scheme through combined administration of PI3K inhibitor and cisplatin for better treatment of cervical cancer patients, especially those with elevated LPA levels.
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Deliu E, Sperow M, Console-Bram L, Carter RL, Tilley DG, Kalamarides DJ, Kirby LG, Brailoiu GC, Brailoiu E, Benamar K, Abood ME. The Lysophosphatidylinositol Receptor GPR55 Modulates Pain Perception in the Periaqueductal Gray. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:265-72. [PMID: 25972448 PMCID: PMC4518086 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.099333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates the involvement of GPR55 and its proposed endogenous ligand, lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), in nociception, yet their role in central pain processing has not been explored. Using Ca(2+) imaging, we show here that LPI elicits concentration-dependent and GPR55-mediated increases in intracellular Ca(2+) levels in dissociated rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) neurons, which express GPR55 mRNA. This effect is mediated by Ca(2+) release from the endoplasmic reticulum via inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and by Ca(2+) entry via P/Q-type of voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, LPI depolarizes PAG neurons and upon intra-PAG microinjection, reduces nociceptive threshold in the hot-plate test. Both these effects are dependent on GPR55 activation, because they are abolished by pretreatment with ML-193 [N-(4-(N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)sulfamoyl)-phenyl)-6,8-dimethyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)quinoline-4-carboxamide], a selective GPR55 antagonist. Thus, we provide the first pharmacological evidence that GPR55 activation at central levels is pronociceptive, suggesting that interfering with GPR55 signaling in the PAG may promote analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Margaret Sperow
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Linda Console-Bram
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Douglas G Tilley
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Daniel J Kalamarides
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Lynn G Kirby
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Khalid Benamar
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research (E.D., M.S., L.C.-B., D.J.K., L.G.K., E.B., K.B., M.E.A.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (L.G.K., M.E.A.), Center for Translational Medicine and Department of Pharmacology (R.L.C., D.G.T.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennslyvania; and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (G.C.B.)
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Dória ML, Ribeiro AS, Wang J, Cotrim CZ, Domingues P, Williams C, Domingues MR, Helguero LA. Fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthetic pathways are regulated throughout mammary epithelial cell differentiation and correlate to breast cancer survival. FASEB J 2014; 28:4247-64. [PMID: 24970396 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-249672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This work combined gene and protein expression, gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to compare lipid metabolism changes in undifferentiated/proliferating vs. functionally differentiated mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and to study their correlation to breast cancer survival. Sixty-eight genes involved in lipid metabolism were changed in MEC differentiation. Differentiated cells showed induction of Elovl6 (2-fold), Scd1 (4-fold), and Fads2 (2-fold), which correlated with increased levels of C16:1 n-7 and C18:1 n-9 (1.5-fold), C20:3 n-6 (2.5-fold), and C20:4 n-6 (6-fold) fatty acids (FAs) and more phospholipids (PLs) containing these species. Further, increased expression (2- to 3-fold) of genes in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) de novo biosynthesis resulted in a 20% PE increase. Proliferating/undifferentiated cells showed higher C16:0 (1.7-fold) and C18:2 n-6 (4.2-fold) levels and more PLs containing C16:0 FAs [PC(16:0/16:1), PG(16:0/18:2), PG(16:0/18:1), and SM(16:0/18:0)]. Kaplan-Meier analysis of data from 3455 patients with breast cancer disclosed a positive correlation for 59% of genes expressed in differentiated MECs with better survival. PE biosynthesis and FA oxidation correlated with better prognosis in patients with breast cancer, including the basal-like subtype. Therefore, genes involved in mammary gland FA and PL metabolism and their resulting molecular species reflect the cellular proliferative ability and differentiation state and deserve further studies as potential markers of breast cancer progression
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Dória
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
| | - Ana S Ribeiro
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cândida Z Cotrim
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
| | - Cecilia Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
| | - Luisa A Helguero
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Organic Chemistry and Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal; and
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Matte I, Lane D, Bachvarov D, Rancourt C, Piché A. Role of malignant ascites on human mesothelial cells and their gene expression profiles. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:288. [PMID: 24761768 PMCID: PMC4008408 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant ascites is often present at diagnostic in women with advanced ovarian cancer (OC) and its presence is associated with a worse outcome. Human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) are key components of malignant ascites. Although the interplay between HPMCs and OC cells is believed to be critical for tumor progression, it has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ascites on HPMCs and clarify the role of HPMCs in OC progression. Methods Human OC ascites and benign peritoneal fluids were assessed for their ability to stimulate HPMC proliferation. Conditioned medium from ascites- and benign fluid-stimulated HPMCs were compared for their ability to attenuate apoptosis induced by TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). We conducted a comparative analysis of global expression changes in ascites-stimulated HPMCs using Agilent oligonucleotide microarrays. Results As compared to benign peritoneal fluids, malignant ascites stimulated the proliferation of HPMCs. TRAIL-induced apoptosis was attenuated in OC cells exposed to conditioned medium from ascites-stimulated HPMCs as compared to OC cells exposed to conditioned medium from benign fluid-stimulated HPMCs. A total of 649 genes were differentially expressed in ascites-stimulated HPMCs. Based on a ratio of more than 1.5-fold and a P < 0.05, 484 genes were up-regulated and 165 genes were down-regulated in ascites-exposed HPMCs. Stimulation of HPMCs with OC ascites resulted in differential expression of genes mainly associated with the regulation of cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle and cell assembly and organization, compared to benign peritoneal fluids. Top networks up-regulated by OC ascites included Akt and NF-κB survival pathways whereas vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway was down-regulated. Conclusions The results of this study not only provide evidence supporting the importance of the interplay between cancer cells and HPMCs but also define the role that the tumor environment plays in these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alain Piché
- Département de Microbiologie et Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001, 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Gangadharan V, Selvaraj D, Kurejova M, Njoo C, Gritsch S, Škoricová D, Horstmann H, Offermanns S, Brown AJ, Kuner T, Tappe-Theodor A, Kuner R. A novel biological role for the phospholipid lysophosphatidylinositol in nociceptive sensitization via activation of diverse G-protein signalling pathways in sensory nerves in vivo. Pain 2013; 154:2801-2812. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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20
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Wang J, Sibrian-Vazquez M, Escobedo JO, Lowry M, Wang L, Chu YH, Moore RG, Strongin RM. Simple enrichment and analysis of plasma lysophosphatidic acids. Analyst 2013; 138:6852-9. [PMID: 24067566 PMCID: PMC3929374 DOI: 10.1039/c3an01168b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A simple and highly efficient technique for the analysis of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) subspecies in human plasma is described. The streamlined sample preparation protocol furnishes the five major LPA subspecies with excellent recoveries. Extensive analysis of the enriched sample reveals only trace levels of other phospholipids. This level of purity not only improves MS analyses, but enables HPLC post-column detection in the visible region with a commercially available fluorescent phospholipids probe. Human plasma samples from different donors were analyzed using the above method and validated by LC-ESI/MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Martha Sibrian-Vazquez
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Jorge O. Escobedo
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Mark Lowry
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Yu-Hsuan Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
| | - Richard G. Moore
- Women and Infants Hospital, Brown University, 101 Dudley Street, Providence, RI 02905, USA.; Tel: +1 401-453-7520
| | - Robert M. Strongin
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; Fax: +1 503-725-9525; Tel: +1 503-725-9724
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Salous AK, Panchatcharam M, Sunkara M, Mueller P, Dong A, Wang Y, Graf GA, Smyth SS, Morris AJ. Mechanism of rapid elimination of lysophosphatidic acid and related lipids from the circulation of mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:2775-84. [PMID: 23948545 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m039685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid mediator. Concentrations of the major LPA species in mouse plasma decreased uniformly following administration of a potent selective inhibitor of the LPA-generating lysophospholipase D autotaxin, identifying an active mechanism for removal of LPA from the circulation. LPA, akylglycerol phosphate (AGP), sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and a variety of structural mimetics of these lipids, including phosphatase-resistant phosphonate analogs of LPA, were rapidly eliminated (t1/2 < 30 s) from the circulation of mice following intravenous administration of a single bolus dose without significant metabolism in situ in the blood. These lipids accumulated in the liver. Elimination of intravenously administered LPA was blunted by ligation of the hepatic circulation, and ∼90% of LPA administered through the portal vein was accumulated by the isolated perfused mouse liver at first pass. At early times following intravenous administration, more LPA was associated with a nonparenchymal liver cell fraction than with hepatocytes. Primary cultures of nonparenchymal liver cells rapidly assimilated exogenously provided LPA. Our results identify hepatic uptake as an important determinant of the bioavailability of LPA and bioactive lysophospholipid mimetics and suggest a mechanism to explain changes in circulating LPA levels that have been associated with liver dysfunction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdel K Salous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky Lexington, Lexington, KY 40536; and
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Abstract
Carbohydrate biomarkers play very important roles in a wide range of biological and pathological processes. Compounds that can specifically recognize a carbohydrate biomarker are useful for targeted delivery of imaging agents and for development of new diagnostics. Furthermore, such compounds could also be candidates for the development of therapeutic agents. A tremendous amount of active work on synthetic lectin mimics has been reported in recent years. Amongst all the synthetic lectins, boronic-acid-based lectins (boronolectins) have shown great promise. Along this line, four classes of boronolectins including peptide-, nucleic-acid-, polymer-, and small-molecule-based ones are discussed with a focus on the design principles and recent advances. We hope that by presenting the potentials of this field, this review will stimulate more research in this area.
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Catalán V, Whyte L, Díaz-Arteaga A, Vázquez-Martínez R, Rotellar F, Guzmán R, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Pulido MR, Russell WR, Imbernón M, Ross RA, Malagón MM, Dieguez C, Fernández-Real JM, Frühbeck G, Nogueiras R. The L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol/GPR55 system and its potential role in human obesity. Diabetes 2012; 61:281-91. [PMID: 22179809 PMCID: PMC3266411 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
GPR55 is a putative cannabinoid receptor, and l-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) is its only known endogenous ligand. We investigated 1) whether GPR55 is expressed in fat and liver; 2) the correlation of both GPR55 and LPI with several metabolic parameters; and 3) the actions of LPI on human adipocytes. We analyzed CB1, CB2, and GPR55 gene expression and circulating LPI levels in two independent cohorts of obese and lean subjects, with both normal or impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. Ex vivo experiments were used to measure intracellular calcium and lipid accumulation. GPR55 levels were augmented in the adipose tissue of obese subjects and further so in obese patients with type 2 diabetes when compared with nonobese subjects. Visceral adipose tissue GPR55 correlated positively with weight, BMI, and percent fat mass, particularly in women. Hepatic GPR55 gene expression was similar in obese and type 2 diabetic subjects. Circulating LPI levels were increased in obese patients and correlated with fat percentage and BMI in women. LPI increased the expression of lipogenic genes in visceral adipose tissue explants and intracellular calcium in differentiated visceral adipocytes. These findings indicate that the LPI/GPR55 system is positively associated with obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona Catalonia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Girona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lauren Whyte
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - Adenis Díaz-Arteaga
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando Rotellar
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Guzmán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marina R. Pulido
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Wendy R. Russell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - Mónica Imbernón
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ruth A. Ross
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, U.K
| | - María M. Malagón
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Córdoba, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos Dieguez
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomédica de Girona Catalonia, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Girona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Corresponding author: Ruben Nogueiras,
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Immunohistochemical detection of sphingosine-1-phosphate and sphingosine kinase-1 in human tissue samples. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 874:55-67. [PMID: 22528439 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-800-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and the enzyme primarily responsible for its production, sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK-1), are thought to be dysregulated in multiple human diseases including cancer, multiple sclerosis (MS), diabetes, neurological diseases, fibrosis, and certain pathologies associated with impaired angiogenesis such as, age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antibody-based techniques to identify and localize S1P and SphK-1 within cells and tissue specimens represent powerful tools not only to understand the biological role of these molecules but also to validate these unique in-class targets in multiple state diseases. Consequently, the potential applications of these molecules for therapy and diagnostic purposes are currently under investigation. Here, we describe two staining procedures for identification of S1P and SphK-1 in human frozen tissue samples and the challenges encountered in the process of localization in tissue samples of lipid molecules, such as S1P.
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Henstridge CM, Balenga NAB, Kargl J, Andradas C, Brown AJ, Irving A, Sanchez C, Waldhoer M. Minireview: recent developments in the physiology and pathology of the lysophosphatidylinositol-sensitive receptor GPR55. Mol Endocrinol 2011; 25:1835-48. [PMID: 21964594 PMCID: PMC5417173 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that off-target cannabinoid effects may be mediated via novel seven-transmembrane spanning/G protein-coupled receptors. Due to its cannabinoid sensitivity, the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) was recently proposed as a candidate; however, GPR55 is phylogenetically distinct from the traditional cannabinoid receptors, and the conflicting pharmacology, signaling, and functional data have prevented its classification as a novel cannabinoid receptor. Indeed, the most consistent and potent agonist to date is the noncannabinoid lysophospholipid, lysophosphatidylinositol. Here we present new human GPR55 mRNA expression data, providing supportive evidence of GPR55 expression in a vast array of tissues and cell types. Moreover, we summarize major recent developments in GPR55 research and aim to update the reader in the rapidly expanding fields of GPR55 pharmacology, physiology, and pathology.
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Ross RA. L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol meets GPR55: a deadly relationship. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:265-9. [PMID: 21367464 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Evidence points to a role of L-α-lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) in cancer. First, clinical data identified LPI as a biomarker for poor prognosis in cancer patients. Second, in vitro studies demonstrated significantly elevated levels of LPI in highly proliferative cancer cells. Third, LPI displays mitogenic activity in cancer cell lines, in which the lipid significantly increased cell proliferation. However, a receptor target for LPI remained elusive until very recently. It has now been revealed that LPI activates GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor that couples to G(12/13) and G(q) proteins, which direct oncogenic signalling. New evidence indicates that LPI and GPR55 are key partners in driving cancer cell proliferation and migration. GPR55 is expressed in human tumours and drives proliferation and its expression correlates with tumour aggressiveness. Overall patient survival is lower in patients whose glioblastomas express higher levels of GPR55. Thus, evidence suggests that interaction with GPR55 might underlie the pro-tumoural actions of LPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Ross
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB252ZD, UK.
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Denery JR, Nunes AAK, Dickerson TJ. Characterization of Differences between Blood Sample Matrices in Untargeted Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2010; 83:1040-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102806p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith R. Denery
- Department of Chemistry and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ashlee A. K. Nunes
- Department of Chemistry and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Tobin J. Dickerson
- Department of Chemistry and Worm Institute for Research and Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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The GPR55 agonist lysophosphatidylinositol acts as an intracellular messenger and bidirectionally modulates Ca2+ -activated large-conductance K+ channels in endothelial cells. Pflugers Arch 2010; 461:177-89. [PMID: 21072666 PMCID: PMC3014879 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-010-0898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipids are known to serve as intra- and extracellular messengers affecting many physiological processes. Lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), which is produced in endothelial cells, acts as an endogenous agonist of the orphan receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55). Stimulation of GPR55 by LPI evokes an intracellular Ca2+ rise in several cell types including endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated additional direct, receptor-independent effects of LPI on endothelial large-conductance Ca2+ and voltage-gated potassium (BKCa) channels. Electrophysiological experiments in the inside-out configuration revealed that LPI directly affects the BKCa channel gating properties. This effect of LPI strictly depended on the presence of Ca2+ and was concentration-dependent, reversible, and dual in nature. The modulating effects of LPI on endothelial BKCa channels correlated with their initial open probability (Po): stimulation at low Po (<0.3) and inhibition at high Po levels (>0.3). In the whole-cell configuration, LPI in the pipette facilitated membrane hyperpolarization in response to low (0.1–2 μM) histamine concentrations. In contrast, LPI counteracted membrane hyperpolarization in response to supramaximal cell stimulation with histamine. These results highlight a novel receptor-independent and direct bidirectional modulation of BKCa channels by LPI on endothelial cells. We conclude that LPI via this mechanism serves as an important modulator of endothelial electrical responses to cell stimulation.
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Jin S, Cheng Y, Reid S, Li M, Wang B. Carbohydrate recognition by boronolectins, small molecules, and lectins. Med Res Rev 2010; 30:171-257. [PMID: 19291708 PMCID: PMC2829346 DOI: 10.1002/med.20155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are known to mediate a large number of biological and pathological events. Small and macromolecules capable of carbohydrate recognition have great potentials as research tools, diagnostics, vectors for targeted delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents, and therapeutic agents. However, this potential is far from being realized. One key issue is the difficulty in the development of "binders" capable of specific recognition of carbohydrates of biological relevance. This review discusses systematically the general approaches that are available in developing carbohydrate sensors and "binders/receptors," and their applications. The focus is on discoveries during the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Suazette Reid
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
| | - Binghe Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Biotechnology and Drug Design, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4098, USA
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Zhao Z, Xu Y. Measurement of endogenous lysophosphatidic acid by ESI-MS/MS in plasma samples requires pre-separation of lysophosphatidylcholine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3739-42. [PMID: 19734112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 08/18/2009] [Accepted: 08/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) or lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in plasma have been shown to be markers for several human diseases, including cancers. Here we show that the presence of LPC or other lysophospholipids (LPLs) in lipids extracted from biological samples affects accurate measurement of endogenous LPA in biological samples. We report for the first time the artificial conversion of LPC and lysophosphatidylserine (LPS) to LPA at the ion source of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). To avoid the interference of LPC with the quantification of LPA, a method based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) separation of LPA from LPC has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwen Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, USA
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Smyth SS, Cheng HY, Miriyala S, Panchatcharam M, Morris AJ. Roles of lysophosphatidic acid in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2008; 1781:563-70. [PMID: 18586114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exerts a range of effects on the cardiovasculature that suggest a role in a variety of critical cardiovascular functions and clinically important cardiovascular diseases. LPA is an activator of platelets from a majority of human donors identifying a possible role as a regulator of acute thrombosis and platelet function in atherogenesis and vascular injury responses. Of particular interest in this context, LPA is an effective phenotypic modulator of vascular smooth muscle cells promoting the de-differentiation, proliferation and migration of these cells that are required for the development of intimal hyperplasia. Exogenous administration of LPA results in acute and systemic changes in blood pressure in different animal species, suggesting a role for LPA in both normal blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Advances in our understanding of the molecular machinery responsible for the synthesis, actions and inactivation of LPA now promise to provide the tools required to define the role of LPA in cardiovascular physiology and disease. In this review we discuss aspects of LPA signaling in the cardiovasculature focusing on recent advances and attempting to highlight presently unresolved issues and promising avenues for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan S Smyth
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA.
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Lisboa AQ, Rezende M, Muniz-Junqueira MI, Ito MK. Altered plasma phospholipid fatty acids and nutritional status in patients with uterine cervical cancer. Clin Nutr 2008; 27:371-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Murph M, Tanaka T, Pang J, Felix E, Liu S, Trost R, Godwin AK, Newman R, Mills G. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry for quantifying plasma lysophospholipids: potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Methods Enzymol 2008; 433:1-25. [PMID: 17954226 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(07)33001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a complex disease with many genetic and epigenetic aberrations that result in development of tumorigenic phenotypes. While many factors contribute to the etiology of cancer, emerging data implicate lysophospholipids acting through specific cell-surface, and potentially intracellular, receptors in acquiring the transformed phenotype propagated during disease. Lysophospholipids bind to and activate specific cell-surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that initiate cell growth, proliferation, and survival pathways, and show altered expression in cancer cells. In addition, a number of enzymes that increase lysophospholipid production are elevated in particular cell lineages and cancer patients' cells, whereas in a subset of patients, the enzymes degrading lysophospholipids are decreased. Thus, ideal conditions are established to increase lysophospholipids in the tumor microenvironment. Indeed, ascites from ovarian cancer patients, which reflects both the tumor environment and a tumor-conditioned media, exhibits markedly elevated levels of specific lysophospholipids as well as one of the enzymes involved in production of lysophospholipids: autotaxin (ATX). The potential sources of lysophospholipids in the tumor microenvironment include tumor cells and stroma, such as mesothelial cells, as well as inflammatory cells and platelets activated by the proinflammatory tumor environment. If lysophospholipids diffuse from the tumor microenvironment into the bloodstream and persist, they have the potential to serve as early diagnostic markers as well as potential monitors of tumor response to therapy. Many scientific and technical challenges need to be resolved to determine whether lysophospholipids or the enzymes producing lysophospholipids alone or in combination with other markers have the potential to contribute to early diagnosis. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women. Mammography is associated with morbidity and has a high false positive and false negative rate. Thus, there is a critical need for biomarkers that can contribute to reduced false positive and false negative diagnoses, and to identify, stage, and/or predict prognosis of this disease to improve patient management. Here we describe a technical approach that can be applied to human blood plasma to measure the concentration of growth factor-like lysophospholipids contained in circulation. Using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), we quantified the amount of lysophosphatidic acid (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4), lysophosphatidylinositol (18:0), lysophosphatidylserine (18:1), lysophosphatidylcholine (16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 20:4), sphingosine-1-phosphate, and sphingosylphosphorylcholine species from human female plasma samples with malignant, benign, or no breast tumor present. Other methods described here include handling patient blood samples, lipid extraction, and factors that affect lysophospholipid production and loss during sample handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi Murph
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hermansson M, Uphoff A, Käkelä R, Somerharju P. Automated quantitative analysis of complex lipidomes by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 77:2166-75. [PMID: 15801751 DOI: 10.1021/ac048489s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in mass spectrometry have revolutionized the analysis of lipid compositions of cells and other biomaterials by simplifying the analytical protocol dramatically and by increasing the sensitivity of detection by several orders of magnitude. However, the throughput of the published mass spectrometric methods is severely limited by data analysis, which requires extensive operator involvement. Consequently, we have developed an automated method that allows unattended identification and quantification of lipid molecular species of all the major lipid classes from a two-dimensional chromatographic/mass spectrometric data set. More than 100 polar lipid species could be automatically quantified from different biological samples with good accuracy and reproducibility. The response was linear over approximately 3 orders of magnitude with the equipment used, and approximately 35 samples could be analyzed in a day. This method makes high-throughput lipidomics feasible in biology, biotechnology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hermansson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Park CH, Nguyen SD, Kim MR, Jeong TS, Sok DE. Differential effect of lysophospholipids on activities of human plasma paraoxonase1, either soluble or lipid-bound. Lipids 2006; 41:371-80. [PMID: 16808151 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-006-5108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of paraoxonase1 (PON1) with lysophospholipids was examined with respect to activity regulation and binding property. Paraoxonase activity of purified PON1 was partially inhibited by palmitoyl-lysophosphatidyl-glycerol (palmitoyl-lysoPG) and lysophosphatidylinositol (lysoPI), which had a stimulatory effect on arylesterase and diazoxonase activities. The selective inhibition of paraoxonase activity by palmitoyl-lysoPG, characterized by noncompetitiveness and charge interaction, was also observed with HDL- or dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)-bound PON1. Meanwhile, lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) stimulated all three activities of purified PON1, although it stimulated DMPC-bound or HDL-bound PON1 to a lesser extent. The stimulatory action of lysophospholipids was observed around their CMC, suggesting that micelle formation of lysophospholpids might be involved in the stimulation of PON1 activity. Presumably in support of this, the tryptophan fluorescence intensity of PON1 was increased by lysophospholipids at concentrations required for the stimulation of PON1 activity. Separately, lysoPC stimulation was less remarkable for DMPC-bound PON1 than for either dimyristoylphosphatidylserine (DMPS)- or dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol-bound PON1, suggesting a tight association between PON1 and DMPC. In support of this, the stimulatory role of apolipoprotein A-I was less prominent for DMPC-bound PON1 than for DMPS-bound PON1. Taken together, these data suggest that the inhibition of paraoxonase activity by lysoPG or lysoPI may be due to binding to a site distinct from the active center, whereas the stimulation by lysophospholipid may be ascribed to the micelle formation around the lipid-associable region of PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheon Ho Park
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejon, Korea
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Cha D, Liu M, Zeng Z, Cheng D, Zhan G. Analysis of fatty acids in lung tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry preceded by derivatization-solid-phase microextraction with a novel fiber. Anal Chim Acta 2006; 572:47-54. [PMID: 17723460 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2006] [Accepted: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this article, a laboratory-made sol-gel derived fiber with butyl methacrylate/hydroxy-terminated silicone oil (BMA/OH-TSO) coating was first used for headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of medium and long chain fatty acids after derivatization and applied to the analysis of fatty acids in lung tissues by coupling to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The experimental parameters for derivatization, HS-SPME and desorption were optimized. Fatty acids in cancerous lung tissues from five patients with lung cancer were determined under the optimized conditions. Normal lung tissues from the same five patients were used as controls. This fiber showed higher extraction efficiency for fatty acids after derivatization when compared with commercial polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane-divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers due to the three-dimensional network in the coating. The method presented in this paper showed satisfactory precision, accuracy, linearity and limits of detection (LODs). The relative standard deviation values were below 13.3% (n=5) and the recoveries obtained ranged from 76.35% to 107.0%. The results obtained using the SPME method were also compared with those got by using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique. It was found that the sensitivity could be enhanced by the SPME method. The analysis of the cancerous lung tissues and normal controls from five patients with lung cancer indicated that the main components of lung tissue were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0). A comparison between the levels of the fatty acids in cancerous lung tissues and normal controls from the same a patient with lung cancer shows that most of the saturated fatty acids showed higher levels in cancerous lung tissues, while unsaturated fatty acids showed higher levels in normal controls on the whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Oikonomopoulou K, Scorilas A, Michael IP, Grass L, Soosaipillai A, Rosen B, Murphy J, Diamandis EP. Kallikreins as Markers of Disseminated Tumour Cells in Ovarian Cancer – A Pilot Study. Tumour Biol 2006; 27:104-14. [PMID: 16557045 DOI: 10.1159/000092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kallikreins are a family of secreted serine proteases, encoded by 15 genes which all localize in tandem on chromosome 19q13.4. Several members of this family have been previously associated with ovarian cancer. Kallikreins 6 (KLK6) and 10 (KLK10) are elevated in tumour cells, serum and ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients and correlate with disease prognosis. Other kallikreins that have been related to ovarian cancer include KLK4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 14 and 15. We hypothesized that KLK6 and KLK10 can be utilized to monitor dissemination of ovarian cancer cells in blood and ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients. METHODS RNA was isolated by immunomagnetic separation of cancer cells and was amplified by RT-PCR. RESULTS Screening for disseminated cancer cells in blood from 24 ovarian cancer patients, with RT-PCR for KLK6 mRNA, resulted in 75% positivity; however, this was not different from the positivity of normal controls. By utilizing KLK10 as a marker, the positivity of patients was 40% versus 20% of controls. Screening of ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients revealed 90% positivity for KLK6 and KLK10 mRNA compared with 33% for other cancer types. Significant correlations were identified among mRNA of KLK4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15 in cancer cells isolated from ascites fluid. CONCLUSION Kallikrein expression by ovarian cancer cells is not specific enough for detecting disseminated disease. Kallikrein expression may have some value for differentiating ovarian cancer from other types of cancer or from non-malignant diseases that lead to ascites accumulation.
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Critical role of acylglycerol kinase in epidermal growth factor-induced mitogenesis of prostate cancer cells. Biochem Soc Trans 2005; 33:1362-5. [PMID: 16246119 DOI: 10.1042/bst0331362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The bioactive phospholipids, LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) and PA (phosphatidic acid), regulate pivotal processes related to the pathogenesis of cancer. Recently, we cloned a novel type of lipid kinase that phosphorylates monoacylglycerols (such as 2-arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand) and diacylglycerols, to form LPA and PA, respectively. This AGK (acylglycerol kinase) is highly expressed in prostate cancer cell lines and the results reviewed here suggest that AGK might be a critical player in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer. Intriguingly, down-regulation of endogenous AGK inhibited EGF (epidermal growth factor), but not LPA-induced ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) activation and progression through the S-phase of the cell cycle. In this review, we will summarize the evidence demonstrating that AGK amplifies EGF growth signalling pathways that play an important role in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Because LPA has long been implicated as an autocrine and paracrine growth stimulatory factor for prostate cancer cells, the identification of this novel lipid kinase that regulates its production could provide new and useful targets for preventive or therapeutic measures.
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Zhang X, Li P, Bao J, Nicosia SV, Wang H, Enkemann SA, Bai W. Suppression of death receptor-mediated apoptosis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 revealed by microarray analysis. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:35458-68. [PMID: 16093247 PMCID: PMC3249976 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m506648200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that growth inhibition by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 represents an innovative approach to ovarian cancer therapy. To understand the molecular mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 action, we profiled the hormone-induced changes in the transcriptome of ovarian cancer cells using microarray technology. More than 200 genes were identified to be regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses confirmed the regulation of a group of apoptosis-related genes, including the up-regulation of the decoy receptor that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) action, TRAIL receptor 4, and the down-regulation of Fas, the receptor that mediates the action of Fas ligand. The regulation was further confirmed at the protein level. Consistent with the regulation of the death receptors, pretreatment with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 decreased apoptosis induced by TRAIL and Fas ligand. Because persistent 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 treatment has been shown to induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer, the hormone appears to exert a dual effect on the death of ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of TRAIL receptor 4 by RNA interference or ectopic expression of Fas relieved the suppressive effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, showing that molecular manipulation of death receptors is a viable approach to overcome the protective effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on the apoptosis of ovarian cancer. These strategies may allow ovarian cancer patients to benefit from therapy with both 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and ligands for death receptors, such as TRAIL, shown to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer but not normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenlong Bai
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Dept. of Pathology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 11, Tampa, FL 33612-4799. Tel.: 813-974-0561; Fax: 813-974-5536;
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Raynal P, Montagner A, Dance M, Yart A. [Lysophospholipids and cancer: current status and perspectives]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:57-62. [PMID: 15620613 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2004] [Accepted: 01/19/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Circulating phospholipids carrying a single esterified fatty acid, the so-called lysophospholipids, are now considered as mediators of the intercellular communication. Their major members are the lysophosphatidic acid and the sphingosine 1-phosphate, two molecules displaying biological activities similar to those of growth factors or cytokines, through a recently identified subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. They are involved in various biological processes, e.g., brain development and angiogenesis, but the following evidences suggest that these lipids are also significant actors of tumour development: (i) they stimulate the growth, survival and migration of tumour cells from various origins (ovary, prostate, glioblastoma...); (ii) they are abundant in malignant effusions; (iii) the lysophospholipid-producing enzymes are tumourigenic. Even if it remains necessary to define the role of these "oncolipids" in relationship with oncogenes and tumor suppressors, they may well be the mediators of an efficient autostimulatory system of the proliferating and migratory capacities of cancer cells, suggesting that lysophospholipids could represent novel valuable targets for anticancer pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Raynal
- Département lipoprotéines et médiateurs lipidiques (LML), Inserm U563, IFR 30, centre de physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, hôpital Purpan, 31059 Toulouse, France
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Miyamoto S, Hirata M, Yamazaki A, Kageyama T, Hasuwa H, Mizushima H, Tanaka Y, Yagi H, Sonoda K, Kai M, Kanoh H, Nakano H, Mekada E. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is a promising target for ovarian cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5720-7. [PMID: 15313912 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death among all gynecologic cancers. We demonstrate here that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced ectodomain shedding of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a critical to tumor formation in ovarian cancer. We found that among the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of growth factors, HB-EGF gene expression in cancerous tissues and HB-EGF protein levels in patients' ascites fluid were significantly elevated. The human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and RMG-1 form tumors in nude mice. Tumor formation of these cells was enhanced by exogenous expression of pro-HB-EGF and completely blocked by pro-HB-EGF gene RNA interference or by CRM197, a specific HB-EGF inhibitor. Transfection with mutant forms of HB-EGF indicated that the release of soluble HB-EGF is essential for tumor formation. LPA, which is constitutively produced by ovarian cancer cells, induced HB-EGF ectodomain shedding in SKOV3 and RMG-1 cells, resulting in the transactivation of EGFR and the downstream kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase. LPA-induced transactivation was abrogated by HB-EGF gene RNA interference or by CRM197. Introduction of lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase, which hydrolyzes LPA, decreased the constitutive shedding of HB-EGF, EGFR transactivation, and the tumorigenic potential of SKOV3 and RMG-1 cells. These results indicate that HB-EGF is the primary member of the EGFR family of growth factors expressed in ovarian cancer and that LPA-induced ectodomain shedding of this growth factor is a critical step in tumor formation, making HB-EGF a novel therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miyamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Bian D, Su S, Mahanivong C, Cheng RK, Han Q, Pan ZK, Sun P, Huang S. Lysophosphatidic Acid Stimulates Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration via a Ras-MEK Kinase 1 Pathway. Cancer Res 2004; 64:4209-17. [PMID: 15205333 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is present at high concentrations in ascites and plasma of ovarian cancer patients. Studies conducted in experimental models demonstrate that LPA promotes ovarian cancer invasion/metastasis by up-regulating protease expression, elevating protease activity, and enhancing angiogenic factor expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of LPA on ovarian cancer migration, an essential component of cancer cell invasion. LPA stimulates both chemotaxis and chemokinesis of ovarian cancer cells and LPA-stimulated cell migration is G(I) dependent. Moreover, constitutively active H-Ras enhances ovarian cancer cell migration, whereas dominant negative H-Ras blocks LPA-stimulated cell migration, suggesting that Ras works downstream of G(i) to mediate LPA-stimulated cell migration. Interestingly, H-Ras mutants that specifically activate Raf-1, Ral-GDS, or phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase are unable to significantly enhance ovarian cancer cell migration, suggesting that a Ras downstream effector distinct from Raf-1, Ral-GDS, and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase is responsible for LPA-stimulated cell migration. In this article, we demonstrate that LPA activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEKK1) in a G(i)-Ras-dependent manner and that MEKK1 activity is essential for LPA-stimulated ovarian cancer cell migration. Inhibitors that block MEKK1 downstream pathways, including MEK1/2, MKK4/7, and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways, do not significantly alter LPA-stimulated cell migration. Instead, LPA induces the redistribution of focal adhesion kinase to focal contact regions of the cytoplasm membrane, and this event is abolished by pertussis toxin, dominant negative H-Ras, or dominant negative MEKK1. Our studies thus suggest that the G(i)-Ras-MEKK1 signaling pathway mediates LPA-stimulated ovarian cancer cell migration by facilitating focal adhesion kinase redistribution to focal contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafang Bian
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Sutphen R, Xu Y, Wilbanks GD, Fiorica J, Grendys EC, LaPolla JP, Arango H, Hoffman MS, Martino M, Wakeley K, Griffin D, Blanco RW, Cantor AB, Xiao YJ, Krischer JP. Lysophospholipids Are Potential Biomarkers of Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.1185.13.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To determine whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and other lysophospholipids (LPL) are useful markers for diagnosis and/or prognosis of ovarian cancer in a controlled setting. Method: Plasma samples were collected from ovarian cancer patients and healthy control women in Hillsborough and Pinellas counties, Florida, and processed at the University of South Florida H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute (Moffitt). Case patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (n = 117) and healthy control subjects (n = 27) participated in the study. Blinded LPL analysis, including 23 individual LPL species, was performed at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation using an electrospray ionization mass spectrometry–based method. LPL levels were transmitted to Moffitt, where clinical data were reviewed and statistical analyses were performed. Results: There were statistically significant differences between preoperative case samples (n = 45) and control samples (n = 27) in the mean levels of total LPA, total lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and individual LPA species as well as the combination of several LPL species. The combination of 16:0-LPA and 20:4-LPA yielded the best discrimination between preoperative case samples and control samples, with 93.1% correct classification, 91.1% sensitivity, and 96.3% specificity. In 22 cases with both preoperative and postoperative samples, the postoperative levels of several LPL, including S1P, total LPA, and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels and some individual species of LPA and LPC, were significantly different from preoperative levels. Conclusion: LPA, LPI, LPC, and S1P appear useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xu
- 4Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - James Fiorica
- 1Interdisciplinary Oncology, Departments of
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | - Edward C. Grendys
- 1Interdisciplinary Oncology, Departments of
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
| | - James P. LaPolla
- 5Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Bayfront Medical Center, St. Petersburg, Florida
| | | | - Mitchell S. Hoffman
- 3Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Katie Wakeley
- 2Obstetrics and Gynecology, and
- 7New England Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - David Griffin
- 3Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine and H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | | | | | - Yi-jin Xiao
- 4Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The vast majority of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer and subsequently treated with debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy will ultimately relapse. As is the case with primary diagnosis, detection of recurrent ovarian cancer is limited due to lack of sensitivity and specificity. Specific guidelines for surveillance of this disease are controversial, partly because evidence to support such guidelines is scant and partly because the management of identified recurrences continues to be of minimal success. Subsequently, whether early detection actually can make a difference is not necessarily made clear in the literature. However, there are advances in radiological and molecular biology technology that may offer new possibilities in cancer surveillance. This review will outline the latest evidence to address their use in ovarian cancer. RECENT FINDINGS Most of the recent literature involving detection of recurrent ovarian cancer addresses the use of positron emission tomography. There are also some data addressing the use of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in this arena. Data pertaining to other modalities such as biological markers are limited. Ca-125 is the accepted assay used for ovarian cancer surveillance, but other options are introduced that may hold promise for the future. SUMMARY A review of the recent literature concerning ovarian cancer surveillance techniques offers few new definitive avenues. While radiological technology and discoveries in detection assays are noteworthy, their potential impact on surveillance appears to be minimal at this time. Low sensitivity and specificity, along with expense, continue to be limiting factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tammela
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA
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Forrester JS, Milne SB, Ivanova PT, Brown HA. Computational Lipidomics: A Multiplexed Analysis of Dynamic Changes in Membrane Lipid Composition during Signal Transduction. Mol Pharmacol 2004; 65:813-21. [PMID: 15044609 DOI: 10.1124/mol.65.4.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent successes in defining the roles of lipids in cell signaling have stimulated greater interest in these versatile biomolecules. Until recently, analysis of these molecules at the species level has required labor-intensive techniques. The development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has made possible the detection and identification of thermally labile biological molecules, such as phospholipids. The "soft" ionization does not cause extensive fragmentation, is highly sensitive, accurate, and reproducible. Thus, this method is well suited for analyzing a broad range of phospholipids without elaborate chromatographic separation. Evaluating the vast amounts of data resulting from these measurements is a rate-limiting step in the assessment of phospholipid composition, requiring the development and application of computational algorithms for mass spectrometry data. Here we describe computational lipidomics, a novel analytical technique, coupling mass spectrometry with statistical algorithms to facilitate the comprehensive analysis of hundreds of lipid species from cellular extracts. As a result, lipid arrays are generated to indicate qualitative changes that occur in lipid composition between experimental or disease states, similar to proteomic and genomic analyses. This review presents a methodological strategy for using ESI-MS combined with a high-power computational analysis to profile time-dependent changes in cellular phospholipids after the addition of an agonist or to evaluate changes promoted by pathophysiological processes. As an illustration, we describe the methods and approaches used to generate lipid arrays for The Alliance for Cellular Signaling (AfCS). These arrays are contributing to a more complete understanding of the participants of cellular signaling pathways after activation of cell surface receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Forrester
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Instituteof Chemichal Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-6600, USA
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Sengupta S, Xiao YJ, Xu Y. A novel laminin-induced LPA autocrine loop in the migration of ovarian cancer cells. FASEB J 2003; 17:1570-2. [PMID: 12824286 DOI: 10.1096/fj.02-1145fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We have reported previously that levels of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) are elevated in the blood and ascites from patients with ovarian cancer. LPA stimulates proliferation of ovarian cancer cells and has been proposed as an autocrine growth factor. Here, we show that a novel autocrine loop of LPA promotes the migration of ovarian cancer cells, which is a critical step of tumor metastasis. We report that laminin, but not other extracellular matrix proteins, induces LPA production in ovarian cancer cells. A neutralizing antibody against beta1 integrin and a calcium-independent phospholipase A2-specific inhibitor, HELSS, block both LPA production and the haptotactic activity of laminin. Exogenously added LPA restores the migratory ability of HEY ovarian cancer cells to laminin. These data suggest that laminin-induced cell migration is mediated by LPA. We further show that a specific receptor for LPA, LPA3, is required for mediating the chemotactic activity of LPA. In addition, we show that cytosolic PLA2 is required for cell migration and its activation is phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-dependent. These findings have revealed a new mechanism of crosstalk between a beta1 integrin receptor and a G protein-coupled receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saubhik Sengupta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Abstract
The bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by acting on its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors. Aberrant LPA production, receptor expression and signalling probably contribute to cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. The recent identification of ecto-enzymes that mediate the production and degradation of LPA, as well as the development of receptor-selective analogues, indicate mechanisms by which LPA production or action could be modulated for cancer therapy.
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