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Szabo CA, Salinas FS. Neuroimaging in the Epileptic Baboon. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:908801. [PMID: 35909685 PMCID: PMC9330034 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.908801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of baboon model of genetic generalized epilepsy (GGE) is driven both electroclinically and by successful adoption of neuroimaging platforms, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Based upon its phylogenetic proximity and similar brain anatomy to humans, the epileptic baboon provides an excellent translational model. Its relatively large brain size compared to smaller nonhuman primates or rodents, a gyrencephalic structure compared to lissencephalic organization of rodent brains, and the availability of a large pedigreed colony allows exploration of neuroimaging markers of diseases. Similar to human idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), structural imaging in the baboon is usually normal in individual subjects, but gray matter volume/concentration (GMV/GMC) changes are reported by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analyses. Functional neuroimaging has been effective for mapping the photoepileptic responses, the epileptic network, altered functional connectivity of physiological networks, and the effects of anti-seizure therapies. This review will provide insights into our current understanding the baboon model of GGE through functional and structural imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Akos Szabo
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: C. Akos Szabo
| | - Felipe S. Salinas
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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2
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Ouyang F, Chen X, Liang J, Li J, Jiang Z, Chen Y, Yan Z, Zeng J, Xing S. Population-Average Brain Templates and Application to Automated Voxel-Wise Analysis Pipelines for Cynomolgus Macaque. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:613-626. [PMID: 34523062 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-021-09545-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The growing number of neuroimaging studies of cynomolgus macaques require extending existing templates to facilitate species-specific application of voxel-wise neuroimaging methodologies. This study aimed to create population-averaged structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) templates for the cynomolgus macaques and apply the templates in fully automated voxel-wise analyses. We presented the development of symmetric and asymmetric MRI and DTI templates from a sample of 63 young male cynomolgus monkeys with the use of optimized template creation approaches. We also generated the associated average tissue probability maps and Diffeomorphic Anatomical Registration using Exponentiated Lie Algebra templates for use with the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM), as well as the average fractional anisotropy/skeleton targets for incorporation into tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) framework. Both asymmetric and symmetric templates in a standardized coordinate space demonstrated low bias and high contrast. Fully automated processing using SPM was accomplished for all native MRI datasets and demonstrated outstanding performance regarding skull-stripping, segmentation, and normalization when using the MRI templates. Automated normalization to the DTI template was excellently achieved for all native DTI images using the TBSS pipeline. The cynomolgus MRI and DTI templates are anticipated to provide a common platform for precise single-subject data analysis and facilitate comparison of neuroimaging findings in cynomolgus monkeys across studies and sites. It is also hoped that the procedures of template creation and fully-automated voxel-wise frameworks will provide a straightforward avenue for investigating brain function, development, and neuro-psychopathological disorders in non-human primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubing Ouyang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinran Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiahui Liang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianle Li
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zimu Jiang
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yicong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhicong Yan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jinsheng Zeng
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Shihui Xing
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Major Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, National Key Clinical Department and Key Discipline of Neurology, No. 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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3
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Agaronyan A, Syed R, Kim R, Hsu CH, Love SA, Hooker JM, Reid AE, Wang PC, Ishibashi N, Kang Y, Tu TW. A Baboon Brain Atlas for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography Image Analysis. Front Neuroanat 2022; 15:778769. [PMID: 35095430 PMCID: PMC8795914 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2021.778769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The olive baboon (Papio anubis) is phylogenetically proximal to humans. Investigation into the baboon brain has shed light on the function and organization of the human brain, as well as on the mechanistic insights of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Non-invasive brain imaging, including positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are the primary outcome measures frequently used in baboon studies. PET functional imaging has long been used to study cerebral metabolic processes, though it lacks clear and reliable anatomical information. In contrast, MRI provides a clear definition of soft tissue with high resolution and contrast to distinguish brain pathology and anatomy, but lacks specific markers of neuroreceptors and/or neurometabolites. There is a need to create a brain atlas that combines the anatomical and functional/neurochemical data independently available from MRI and PET. For this purpose, a three-dimensional atlas of the olive baboon brain was developed to enable multimodal imaging analysis. The atlas was created on a population-representative template encompassing 89 baboon brains. The atlas defines 24 brain regions, including the thalamus, cerebral cortex, putamen, corpus callosum, and insula. The atlas was evaluated with four MRI images and 20 PET images employing the radiotracers for [11C]benzamide, [11C]metergoline, [18F]FAHA, and [11C]rolipram, with and without structural aids like [18F]flurodeoxyglycose images. The atlas-based analysis pipeline includes automated segmentation, registration, quantification of region volume, the volume of distribution, and standardized uptake value. Results showed that, in comparison to PET analysis utilizing the "gold standard" manual quantification by neuroscientists, the performance of the atlas-based analysis was at >80 and >70% agreement for MRI and PET, respectively. The atlas can serve as a foundation for further refinement, and incorporation into a high-throughput workflow of baboon PET and MRI data. The new atlas is freely available on the Figshare online repository (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.16663339), and the template images are available from neuroImaging tools & resources collaboratory (NITRC) (https://www.nitrc.org/projects/haiko89/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Agaronyan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Raeyan Syed
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan Kim
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chao-Hsiung Hsu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Scott A. Love
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alicia E. Reid
- Department of Chemistry, Medgar Evers College, Brooklyn, NY, United States
| | - Paul C. Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yeona Kang
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Tsang-Wei Tu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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4
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Norris C, Lisinski J, McNeil E, VanMeter JW, VandeVord P, LaConte SM. MRI brain templates of the male Yucatan minipig. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118015. [PMID: 33798725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The pig is growing in popularity as an experimental animal because its gyrencephalic brain is similar to humans. Currently, however, there is a lack of appropriate brain templates to support functional and structural neuroimaging pipelines. The primary contribution of this work is an average volume from an iterative, non-linear registration of 70 five- to seven-month-old male Yucatan minipigs. In addition, several aspects of this study are unique, including the comparison of linear and non-linear template generation, the characterization of a large and homogeneous cohort, an analysis of effective resolution after averaging, and the evaluation of potential in-template bias as well as a comparison with a template from another minipig species using a "left-out" validation set. We found that within our highly homogeneous cohort, non-linear registration produced better templates, but only marginally so. Although our T1-weighted data were resolution limited, we preserved effective resolution across the multi-subject average, produced templates that have high gray-white matter contrast and demonstrate superior registration accuracy compared to an alternative minipig template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Norris
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jonathan Lisinski
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth McNeil
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - John W VanMeter
- Neurology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Pamela VandeVord
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Salem VA Medical Center, Salem VA, United States
| | - Stephen M LaConte
- Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States; Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.
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5
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L 'Estrade ET, Shalgunov V, Edgar FG, Strebl-Bantillo MG, Xiong M, Crestey F, Neelamegam R, Dyssegaard A, Lehel S, Erlandsson M, Ohlsson T, Hooker JM, Knudsen GM, Herth MM, Hansen HD. Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluation of [ 11 C]Cimbi-701 - Towards the imaging of cerebral 5-HT 7 receptors. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:46-55. [PMID: 31674045 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The serotonin 7 (5-HT7 ) receptor is suggested to be involved in a broad variety of CNS disorders, but very few in vivo tools exist to study this important target. Molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) would enable an in vivo characterization of the 5-HT7 receptor. However, no clinical PET radiotracer exists for this receptor, and thus we aimed to develop such a tracer. In this study, we present the preclinical evaluation of [11 C]Cimbi-701. Cimbi-701 was synthesized in a one-step procedure starting from SB-269970. Its selectivity profile was determined using an academic screening platform (NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program). Successful radiolabeling of [11 C]Cimbi-701 and subsequent in vivo evaluation was conducted in rats, pigs and baboon. In vivo specificity was investigated by 5-HT7 and σ receptor blocking studies. P-gp efflux transporter dependency was investigated using elacridar. [11 C]Cimbi-701 could successfully be synthesized. Selectivity profiling revealed high affinity for the 5-HT7 (Ki = 18 nM), σ-1 (Ki = 9.2 nM) and σ-2 (Ki = 1.6 nM) receptors. In rats, [11 C]Cimbi-701 acted as a strong P-gp substrate. After P-gp inhibition, rat brain uptake could specifically be blocked by 5-HT7 and σ receptor ligands. In pig, high brain uptake and specific 5-HT7 and σ-receptor binding was found for [11 C]Cimbi-701 without P-gp inhibition. Finally, low brain uptake was found in baboons. Both the specific σ-receptor binding and the low brain uptake of [11 C]Cimbi-701 displayed in baboon discouraged further translation to humans. Instead, we suggest exploration of this structural class as results indicate that selective 5-HT7 receptor imaging might be possible when more selective non-P-gp substrates are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina T L 'Estrade
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fraser G Edgar
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin G Strebl-Bantillo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mengfei Xiong
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - François Crestey
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnete Dyssegaard
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Szabolcs Lehel
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Erlandsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Ohlsson
- Radiation Physics, Nuclear Medicine Physics Unit, Skånes University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jacob M Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne D Hansen
- Neurobiology Research Unit and Center for Integrated Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Lin MK, Takahashi YS, Huo BX, Hanada M, Nagashima J, Hata J, Tolpygo AS, Ram K, Lee BC, Miller MI, Rosa MGP, Sasaki E, Iriki A, Okano H, Mitra P. A high-throughput neurohistological pipeline for brain-wide mesoscale connectivity mapping of the common marmoset. eLife 2019; 8:e40042. [PMID: 30720427 PMCID: PMC6384052 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the connectivity architecture of entire vertebrate brains is a fundamental but difficult task. Here we present an integrated neuro-histological pipeline as well as a grid-based tracer injection strategy for systematic mesoscale connectivity mapping in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Individual brains are sectioned into ~1700 20 µm sections using the tape transfer technique, permitting high quality 3D reconstruction of a series of histochemical stains (Nissl, myelin) interleaved with tracer labeled sections. Systematic in-vivo MRI of the individual animals facilitates injection placement into reference-atlas defined anatomical compartments. Further, by combining the resulting 3D volumes, containing informative cytoarchitectonic markers, with in-vivo and ex-vivo MRI, and using an integrated computational pipeline, we are able to accurately map individual brains into a common reference atlas despite the significant individual variation. This approach will facilitate the systematic assembly of a mesoscale connectivity matrix together with unprecedented 3D reconstructions of brain-wide projection patterns in a primate brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kuan Lin
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | | | - Bing-Xing Huo
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Mitsutoshi Hanada
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Jaimi Nagashima
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Junichi Hata
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | | | | | - Brian C Lee
- Center for Imaging ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityMarylandUnited States
| | - Michael I Miller
- Center for Imaging ScienceJohns Hopkins UniversityMarylandUnited States
| | - Marcello GP Rosa
- Department of Physiology and Biomedicine, Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityMelbourneAustralia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain FunctionClaytonAustralia
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Central Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Atsushi Iriki
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive DevelopmentRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of PhysiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Partha Mitra
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural ArchitectureRIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborUnited States
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7
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Nadkarni NA, Bougacha S, Garin C, Dhenain M, Picq JL. A 3D population-based brain atlas of the mouse lemur primate with examples of applications in aging studies and comparative anatomy. Neuroimage 2019; 185:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Bozek J, Makropoulos A, Schuh A, Fitzgibbon S, Wright R, Glasser MF, Coalson TS, O'Muircheartaigh J, Hutter J, Price AN, Cordero-Grande L, Teixeira RPAG, Hughes E, Tusor N, Baruteau KP, Rutherford MA, Edwards AD, Hajnal JV, Smith SM, Rueckert D, Jenkinson M, Robinson EC. Construction of a neonatal cortical surface atlas using Multimodal Surface Matching in the Developing Human Connectome Project. Neuroimage 2018; 179:11-29. [PMID: 29890325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a method for constructing a spatio-temporal cortical surface atlas of neonatal brains aged between 36 and 44 weeks of post-menstrual age (PMA) at the time of scan. The data were acquired as part of the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP), and the constructed surface atlases are publicly available. The method is based on a spherical registration approach: Multimodal Surface Matching (MSM), using cortical folding for driving the alignment. Templates have been generated for the anatomical cortical surface and for the cortical feature maps: sulcal depth, curvature, thickness, T1w/T2w myelin maps and cortical regions. To achieve this, cortical surfaces from 270 infants were first projected onto the sphere. Templates were then generated in two stages: first, a reference space was initialised via affine alignment to a group average adult template. Following this, templates were iteratively refined through repeated alignment of individuals to the template space until the variability of the average feature sets converged. Finally, bias towards the adult reference was removed by applying the inverse of the average affine transformations on the template and de-drifting the template. We used temporal adaptive kernel regression to produce age-dependant atlases for 9 weeks (36-44 weeks PMA). The generated templates capture expected patterns of cortical development including an increase in gyrification as well as an increase in thickness and T1w/T2w myelination with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bozek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Antonios Makropoulos
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Schuh
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Wright
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; St. Lukes Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy S Coalson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Jana Hutter
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anthony N Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rui Pedro A G Teixeira
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emer Hughes
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Tusor
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kelly Pegoretti Baruteau
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mary A Rutherford
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Rueckert
- Biomedical Image Analysis Group, Department of Computing, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Jenkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma C Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, UK
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Auvity S, Caillé F, Marie S, Wimberley C, Bauer M, Langer O, Buvat I, Goutal S, Tournier N. P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1) Inhibits the Influx and Increases the Efflux of 11C-Metoclopramide Across the Blood-Brain Barrier: A PET Study on Nonhuman Primates. J Nucl Med 2018; 59:1609-1615. [PMID: 29748235 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PET imaging using radiolabeled avid substrates of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) has convincingly revealed the role of this major efflux transporter in limiting the influx of its substrates from blood into the brain across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Many drugs, such as metoclopramide, are weak ABCB1 substrates and distribute into the brain even when ABCB1 is fully functional. In this study, we used kinetic modeling and validated simplified methods to highlight and quantify the impact of ABCB1 on the BBB influx and efflux of 11C-metoclopramide, as a model of a weak ABCB1 substrate, in nonhuman primates. Methods: The regional brain kinetics of a tracer dose of 11C-metoclopramide (298 ± 44 MBq) were assessed in baboons using PET without (n = 4) or with (n = 4) intravenous coinfusion of the ABCB1 inhibitor tariquidar (4 mg/kg/h). Metabolite-corrected arterial input functions were generated to estimate the regional volume of distribution (V T), as well as the influx (K 1) and efflux (k 2) rate constants, using a 1-tissue-compartment model. Modeling outcome parameters were correlated with image-derived parameters, that is, areas under the regional time-activity curves (AUCs) from 0 to 30 min and from 30 to 60 min (SUV⋅min) and the elimination slope (k E; min-1) from 30 to 60 min. Results: Tariquidar significantly increased the brain distribution of 11C-metoclopramide (V T = 4.3 ± 0.5 mL/cm3 and 8.7 ± 0.5 mL/cm3 for baseline and ABCB1 inhibition conditions, respectively, P < 0.001), with a 1.28-fold increase in K 1 (P < 0.05) and a 1.64-fold decrease in k 2 (P < 0.001). The effect of tariquidar was homogeneous across different brain regions. The parameters most sensitive to ABCB1 inhibition were V T (2.02-fold increase) and AUC from 30 to 60 min (2.02-fold increase). V T correlated significantly (P < 0.0001) with AUC from 30 to 60 min (r 2 = 0.95), with AUC from 0 to 30 min (r 2 = 0.87), and with k E (r 2 = 0.62). Conclusion: 11C-metoclopramide PET imaging revealed the relative importance of both the influx hindrance and the efflux enhancement components of ABCB1 in a relevant model of the human BBB. The overall impact of ABCB1 on drug delivery to the brain can be noninvasively estimated from image-derived outcome parameters without the need for an arterial input function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Auvity
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Caillé
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Solène Marie
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Catriona Wimberley
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Martin Bauer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Biomedical Systems, Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria; and
| | - Irène Buvat
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,MIRCen, CEA and CNRS-UMR9199, Université Paris Sud, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- UMR 1023 IMIV, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, CEA, INSERM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
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10
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Strebl M, Campbell AJ, Zhao WN, Schroeder FA, Riley MM, Chindavong PS, Morin TM, Haggarty SJ, Wagner FF, Ritter T, Hooker JM. HDAC6 Brain Mapping with [ 18F]Bavarostat Enabled by a Ru-Mediated Deoxyfluorination. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2017; 3:1006-1014. [PMID: 28979942 PMCID: PMC5620987 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) function and dysregulation have been implicated in the etiology of certain cancers and more recently in central nervous system (CNS) disorders including Rett syndrome, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and major depressive disorder. HDAC6-selective inhibitors have therapeutic potential, but in the CNS drug space the development of highly brain penetrant HDAC inhibitors has been a persistent challenge. Moreover, no tool exists to directly characterize HDAC6 and its related biology in the living human brain. Here, we report a highly brain penetrant HDAC6 inhibitor, Bavarostat, that exhibits excellent HDAC6 selectivity (>80-fold over all other Zn-containing HDAC paralogues), modulates tubulin acetylation selectively over histone acetylation, and has excellent brain penetrance. We further demonstrate that Bavarostat can be radiolabeled with 18F by deoxyfluorination through in situ formation of a ruthenium π-complex of the corresponding phenol precursor: the only method currently suitable for synthesis of [18F]Bavarostat. Finally, by using [18F]Bavarostat in a series of rodent and nonhuman primate imaging experiments, we demonstrate its utility for mapping HDAC6 in the living brain, which sets the stage for first-in-human neurochemical imaging of this important target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin
G. Strebl
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Arthur J. Campbell
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 75
Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Wen-Ning Zhao
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Frederick A. Schroeder
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Misha M. Riley
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Peter S. Chindavong
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Thomas M. Morin
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Tufts University, 419 Boston Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Stephen J. Haggarty
- Chemical
Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of
Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Florence F. Wagner
- Stanley
Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute
of MIT and Harvard, 75
Ames Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard
University, 12 Oxford
Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02144, United States
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11
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Greene DJ, Williams III AC, Koller JM, Schlaggar BL, Black KJ. Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:972-980. [PMID: 27777415 PMCID: PMC5405013 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of brain structure in Tourette syndrome (TS) have produced mixed results, and most had modest sample sizes. In the present multicenter study, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare 103 children and adolescents with TS to a well-matched group of 103 children without tics. We applied voxel-based morphometry methods to test gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volume differences between diagnostic groups, accounting for MRI scanner and sequence, age, sex and total GM+WM volume. The TS group demonstrated lower WM volume bilaterally in orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, and greater GM volume in posterior thalamus, hypothalamus and midbrain. These results demonstrate evidence for abnormal brain structure in children and youth with TS, consistent with and extending previous findings, and they point to new target regions and avenues of study in TS. For example, as orbital cortex is reciprocally connected with hypothalamus, structural abnormalities in these regions may relate to abnormal decision making, reinforcement learning or somatic processing in TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Greene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | | | - J M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - B L Schlaggar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - K J Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
| | - and The Tourette Association of America Neuroimaging Consortium
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO USA
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12
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Hutchinson EB, Schwerin SC, Radomski KL, Sadeghi N, Jenkins J, Komlosh ME, Irfanoglu MO, Juliano SL, Pierpaoli C. Population based MRI and DTI templates of the adult ferret brain and tools for voxelwise analysis. Neuroimage 2017; 152:575-589. [PMID: 28315740 PMCID: PMC6409125 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive imaging has the potential to play a crucial role in the characterization and translation of experimental animal models to investigate human brain development and disorders, especially when employed to study animal models that more accurately represent features of human neuroanatomy. The purpose of this study was to build and make available MRI and DTI templates and analysis tools for the ferret brain as the ferret is a well-suited species for pre-clinical MRI studies with folded cortical surface, relatively high white matter volume and body dimensions that allow imaging with pre-clinical MRI scanners. Four ferret brain templates were built in this study – in-vivo MRI and DTI and ex-vivo MRI and DTI – using brain images across many ferrets and region of interest (ROI) masks corresponding to established ferret neuroanatomy were generated by semi-automatic and manual segmentation. The templates and ROI masks were used to create a web-based ferret brain viewing software for browsing the MRI and DTI volumes with annotations based on the ROI masks. A second objective of this study was to provide a careful description of the imaging methods used for acquisition, processing, registration and template building and to demonstrate several voxelwise analysis methods including Jacobian analysis of morphometry differences between the female and male brain and bias-free identification of DTI abnormalities in an injured ferret brain. The templates, tools and methodological optimization presented in this study are intended to advance non-invasive imaging approaches for human-similar animal species that will enable the use of pre-clinical MRI studies for understanding and treating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Hutchinson
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - S C Schwerin
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K L Radomski
- The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - N Sadeghi
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J Jenkins
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The Catholic University of America, Washington D.C., USA
| | - M E Komlosh
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M O Irfanoglu
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S L Juliano
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Pierpaoli
- Section on Quantitative Imaging and Tissue Science, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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13
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Auvity S, Saba W, Goutal S, Leroy C, Buvat I, Cayla J, Caillé F, Bottlaender M, Cisternino S, Tournier N. Acute Morphine Exposure Increases the Brain Distribution of [18F]DPA-714, a PET Biomarker of Glial Activation in Nonhuman Primates. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 20:67-71. [PMID: 27581167 PMCID: PMC5737475 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuroinflammatory response to morphine exposure modulates its antinociceptive effects, tolerance, and dependence. Positron emission tomography radioligands for translocator protein-18kDa such as [18F]DPA-714 are noninvasive biomarkers of glial activation, a hallmark of neuroinflammation. METHODS [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography imaging was performed in 5 baboons at baseline and 2 hours after i.m. morphine injection (1 mg/kg). Brain kinetics and metabolite-corrected input function were measured to estimate [18F]DPA-714 brain distribution. RESULTS Morphine significantly increased [18F]DPA-714 brain distribution by a 1.3 factor (P<.05; paired t test). The effect was not restricted to opioid receptor-rich regions. Differences in baseline [18F]DPA-714 binding were observed among baboons. The response to morphine predominated in animals with the highest baseline uptake. CONCLUSIONS [18F]DPA-714 positron emission tomography imaging may be useful to noninvasively investigate the brain immune component of morphine pharmacology. Correlation between baseline brain distribution and subsequent response to morphine exposure suggest a role for priming parameters in controlling the neuroinflammatory properties of opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Auvity
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Wadad Saba
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Sébastien Goutal
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Claire Leroy
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Irène Buvat
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Jérôme Cayla
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Fabien Caillé
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Michel Bottlaender
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Salvatore Cisternino
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
| | - Nicolas Tournier
- Imagerie Moléculaire In Vivo, IMIV, CEA, Inserm, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, CEA-SHFJ, Orsay, France (Mr Auvity, Dr Saba, Mr Goutal, Dr Leroy, Dr Buvat, Mr Cayla, Dr Caillé, Dr Bottlaender, Dr Cisternino, and Dr Tournier); Variabilité de réponse aux psychotropes, Inserm, Université Paris Descartes, Faculté de pharmacie, Université Paris Diderot, UMR-S 1144, Paris,France (Mr Auvity and Dr Cisternino)
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14
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Ella A, Delgadillo JA, Chemineau P, Keller M. Computation of a high-resolution MRI 3D stereotaxic atlas of the sheep brain. J Comp Neurol 2016; 525:676-692. [PMID: 27503489 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The sheep model was first used in the fields of animal reproduction and veterinary sciences and then was utilized in fundamental and preclinical studies. For more than a decade, magnetic resonance (MR) studies performed on this model have been increasingly reported, especially in the field of neuroscience. To contribute to MR translational neuroscience research, a brain template and an atlas are necessary. We have recently generated the first complete T1-weighted (T1W) and T2W MR population average images (or templates) of in vivo sheep brains. In this study, we 1) defined a 3D stereotaxic coordinate system for previously established in vivo population average templates; 2) used deformation fields obtained during optimized nonlinear registrations to compute nonlinear tissues or prior probability maps (nlTPMs) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) tissues; 3) delineated 25 external and 28 internal sheep brain structures by segmenting both templates and nlTPMs; and 4) annotated and labeled these structures using an existing histological atlas. We built a quality high-resolution 3D atlas of average in vivo sheep brains linked to a reference stereotaxic space. The atlas and nlTPMs, associated with previously computed T1W and T2W in vivo sheep brain templates and nlTPMs, provide a complete set of imaging space that are able to be imported into other imaging software programs and could be used as standardized tools for neuroimaging studies or other neuroscience methods, such as image registration, image segmentation, identification of brain structures, implementation of recording devices, or neuronavigation. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:676-692, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsène Ella
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, F-37041, Nouzilly, France
| | - José A Delgadillo
- Centro de Investigacion en Reproducion Caprina, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Torreon, Mexico
| | - Philippe Chemineau
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, F-37041, Nouzilly, France
| | - Matthieu Keller
- INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,CNRS, UMR 7247, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, F-37041, Nouzilly, France
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15
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Strebl MG, Wang C, Schroeder FA, Placzek MS, Wey HY, Van de Bittner GC, Neelamegam R, Hooker JM. Development of a Fluorinated Class-I HDAC Radiotracer Reveals Key Chemical Determinants of Brain Penetrance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:528-33. [PMID: 26675505 PMCID: PMC5784429 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite major efforts, our knowledge about many brain diseases remains remarkably limited. Epigenetic dysregulation has been one of the few leads toward identifying the causes and potential treatments of psychiatric disease over the past decade. A new positron emission tomography radiotracer, [(11)C]Martinostat, has enabled the study of histone deacetylase in living human subjects. A unique property of [(11)C]Martinostat is its profound brain penetrance, a feature that is challenging to engineer intentionally. In order to understand determining factors for the high brain-uptake of Martinostat, a series of compounds was evaluated in rodents and nonhuman primates. The study revealed the major structural contributors to brain uptake, as well as a more clinically relevant fluorinated HDAC radiotracer with comparable behavior to Martinostat, yet longer half-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G. Strebl
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Frederick A. Schroeder
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Michael S. Placzek
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Genevieve C. Van de Bittner
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Ramesh Neelamegam
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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16
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The average baboon brain: MRI templates and tissue probability maps from 89 individuals. Neuroimage 2016; 132:526-533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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17
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Construction of an MRI 3D high resolution sheep brain template. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 33:1329-1337. [PMID: 26363468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sheep is a developing animal model used in the field of neurosciences for the study of many behavioral, physiological or pathophysiological mechanisms, including for example, the central control of social behavior, brain injury or neurodegenerative diseases. However, sheep remains an orphan species in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a mean image (template), resulting of registrations of multiple subject images is needed and currently does not exist. In this study, we: i) computed multimodal high resolution 3D in-vivo sheep brain templates of T1 weighted (T1W) and T2W images, ii) computed gray matter (GM), white matter (WM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) prior probability maps using linear and optimized non-linear registrations iii) used prior probability maps to perform the segmentation of a single brain tissues. Computed multimodal sheep brain templates showed to preserve and underline all brain patterns of a single T1W or T2W image, and prior probability maps allowed to improve the segmentation of brain tissues. Finally, we demonstrated that these templates and prior probability maps were able to be portable in other publicly available imaging software and could be used as standardized spaces for multi-institution neuroimaging studies or other neuroscience methods.
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18
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Wey HY, Wang C, Schroeder FA, Logan J, Price JC, Hooker JM. Kinetic Analysis and Quantification of [¹¹C]Martinostat for in Vivo HDAC Imaging of the Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:708-15. [PMID: 25768025 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms mediated by histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been implicated in a wide-range of CNS disorders and may offer new therapeutic opportunities. In vivo evaluation of HDAC density and drug occupancy has become possible with [(11)C]Martinostat, which exhibits selectivity for a subset of class I/IIb HDAC enzymes. In this study, we characterize the kinetic properties of [(11)C]Martinostat in the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain in preparation for human neuroimaging studies. The goal of this work was to determine whether classic compartmental analysis techniques were appropriate and to further determine if arterial plasma is required for future NHP studies. Using an arterial plasma input function, several analysis approaches were evaluated for robust outcome measurements. [(11)C]Martinostat showed high baseline distribution volume (VT) ranging from 29.9 to 54.4 mL/cm(3) in the brain and large changes in occupancy (up to 99%) with a blocking dose approaching full enzyme saturation. An averaged nondisplaceable tissue uptake (VND) of 8.6 ± 3.7 mL/cm(3) suggests high specific binding of [(11)C]Martinostat. From a two-tissue compartment model, [(11)C]Martinostat exhibits a high K1 (averaged K1 of 0.65 mL/cm(3)/min) and a small k4 (average of 0.0085 min(-1)). Our study supports that [(11)C]Martinostat can be used to detect changes in HDAC density and occupancy in vivo and that simplified analysis not using arterial blood could be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula
A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Changning Wang
- Athinoula
A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Frederick A. Schroeder
- Athinoula
A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jean Logan
- Center
for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Julie C. Price
- Department
of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Athinoula
A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology,
Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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19
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Stewart SB, Koller JM, Campbell MC, Perlmutter JS, Black KJ. Additive global cerebral blood flow normalization in arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging. PeerJ 2015; 3:e834. [PMID: 25802806 PMCID: PMC4369335 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine how different methods of normalizing for global cerebral blood flow (gCBF) affect image quality and sensitivity to cortical activation, pulsed arterial spin labeling (pASL) scans obtained during a visual task were normalized by either additive or multiplicative normalization of modal gCBF. Normalization by either method increased the statistical significance of cortical activation by a visual stimulus. However, image quality was superior with additive normalization, whether judged by intensity histograms or by reduced variability within gray and white matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Stewart
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Jonathan M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Programs in Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Kevin J Black
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
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20
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Black KJ, Piccirillo ML, Koller JM, Hseih T, Wang L, Mintun MA. Levodopa effects on [ (11)C]raclopride binding in the resting human brain. F1000Res 2015; 4:23. [PMID: 26180632 PMCID: PMC4490799 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.5672.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Synaptic dopamine (DA) release induced by amphetamine or other experimental manipulations can displace [
11C]raclopride (RAC*) from dopamine D2-like receptors. We hypothesized that exogenous levodopa might increase dopamine release at striatal synapses under some conditions but not others, allowing a more naturalistic assessment of presynaptic dopaminergic function. Presynaptic dopaminergic abnormalities have been reported in Tourette syndrome (TS). Objective: Test whether levodopa induces measurable synaptic DA release in healthy people at rest, and gather pilot data in TS. Methods: This double-blind crossover study used RAC* and positron emission tomography (PET) to measure synaptic dopamine release 4 times in each of 10 carbidopa-pretreated, neuroleptic-naïve adults: before and during an infusion of levodopa on one day and placebo on another (in random order). Five subjects had TS and 5 were matched controls. RAC* binding potential (BP
ND) was quantified in predefined anatomical volumes of interest (VOIs). A separate analysis compared BP
ND voxel by voxel over the entire brain. Results: DA release declined between the first and second scan of each day (p=0.012), including on the placebo day. Levodopa did not significantly reduce striatal RAC* binding and striatal binding did not differ significantly between TS and control groups. However, levodopa’s effect on DA release differed significantly in a right midbrain region (p=0.002, corrected), where levodopa displaced RAC* by 59% in control subjects but
increased BP
ND by 74% in TS subjects. Discussion: Decreased DA release on the second scan of the day is consistent with the few previous studies with a similar design, and may indicate habituation to study procedures. We hypothesize that mesostriatal DA neurons fire relatively little while subjects rest, possibly explaining the non-significant effect of levodopa on striatal RAC* binding. The modest sample size argues for caution in interpreting the group difference in midbrain DA release with levodopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Black
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Marilyn L Piccirillo
- School of Arts and Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA ; Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tiffany Hseih
- School of Arts and Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, and Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark A Mintun
- Departments of Radiology, Psychiatry, Bioengineering, and Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA ; Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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21
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Stewart SB, Koller JM, Campbell MC, Black KJ. Arterial spin labeling versus BOLD in direct challenge and drug-task interaction pharmacological fMRI. PeerJ 2014; 2:e687. [PMID: 25538867 PMCID: PMC4266850 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A carefully controlled study allowed us to compare the sensitivity of ASL (arterial spin labeling) and BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) fMRI for detecting the effects of the adenosine A2a antagonist tozadenant in Parkinson disease. The study compared the effect of drug directly or the interaction of the drug with a cognitive task. Only ASL detected the direct effect of tozadenant. BOLD was more sensitive to the cognitive task, which (unlike most drugs) allows on–off comparisons over short periods of time. Neither ASL nor BOLD could detect a cognitive-pharmacological interaction. These results are consistent with the known relative advantages of each fMRI method, and suggest that for drug development, directly imaging pharmacodynamic effects with ASL may have advantages over cognitive-pharmacological interaction BOLD, which has hitherto been the more common approach to pharmacological fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie B Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Jonathan M Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Meghan C Campbell
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
| | - Kevin J Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA ; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine , St Louis, MO , USA
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22
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Mathews WB, Kuwabara H, Stansfield K, Valentine H, Alexander M, Kumar A, Hilton J, Dannals RF, Wong DF, Gasparini F. Dose-dependent, saturable occupancy of the metabotropic glutamate subtype 5 receptor by fenobam as measured with [ 11 C]ABP688 PET imaging. Synapse 2014; 68:565-573. [PMID: 25098663 PMCID: PMC4320023 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fenobam is a negative allosteric modulator of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5) with inverse agonist activity and is expected to contribute to the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders involving dysfunction of mGluR5 including Fragile X syndrome. This study examined whether [11 C]ABP688, an antagonist PET radioligand, competes with fenobam for the same binding site in the nonhuman primate brain and would allow examination of occupancy-plasma concentration relationships in the evaluation of the drug for target disorders in the human brain. Four paired PET studies with [11 C]ABP688 were performed in baboons at a baseline condition and after intravenous treatment with fenobam at different dose levels (0.3-1.33 mg/kg). Total distribution volume (VT ) and binding potential (BPND ) using the cerebellum as a reference region were obtained by the plasma reference graphical method. Then it was examined whether occupancy follows a dose-dependent, saturating pattern that was predicted by a modified first-order Hill equation in individual regions. Baseline regional VT and BPND values agreed with previously published data. Occupancy showed dose-dependent and saturating patterns in individual regions, reaching >90% occupancy at 1.33 mg/kg dose of fenobam in the majority of regions. To our knowledge, this is the first use of PET to characterize the mGluR5 therapeutic drug fenobam. This study demonstrates a proof of principle for determining the in vivo occupancy of fenobam in primates. The results indicate that [11 C]ABP688 and PET may be useful for examination of occupancy of mGluR5 by fenobam, which should prove to be useful for designing future studies and treatment of human disease states. Synapse 68:565-573, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- William B Mathews
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Heather Valentine
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mohab Alexander
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Hilton
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dean F Wong
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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23
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Conrad MS, Sutton BP, Dilger RN, Johnson RW. An in vivo three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging-based averaged brain collection of the neonatal piglet (Sus scrofa). PLoS One 2014; 9:e107650. [PMID: 25254955 PMCID: PMC4177841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fact that morphology and perinatal growth of the piglet brain is similar to humans, use of the piglet as a translational animal model for neurodevelopmental studies is increasing. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a powerful tool to study neurodevelopment in piglets, but many of the MRI resources have been produced for adult humans. Here, we present an average in vivo MRI-based atlas specific for the 4-week-old piglet. In addition, we have developed probabilistic tissue classification maps. These tools can be used with brain mapping software packages (e.g. SPM and FSL) to aid in voxel-based morphometry and image analysis techniques. The atlas enables efficient study of neurodevelopment in a highly tractable translational animal with brain growth and development similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Conrad
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Bradley P. Sutton
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan N. Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Integrative Immunology and Behavior Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
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24
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Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) antagonists may be effective medications for multiple substance use disorders (SUDs). However, no selective D3R antagonists are currently available for clinical testing. Buspirone, originally characterized as a 5-HT1A partial agonist and used as an anxiolytic, also binds to D3R and D4R with high affinity, with lower affinity to D2R, and interferes with cocaine reward. Here we used PET with [11C]PHNO (D3R-preferring radioligand), [11C]raclopride (D2R/D3R radioligand) and [11C]NNC-112 (D1R radioligand) to measure occupancy of oral and parenteral buspirone in the primate brain. Intramuscular buspirone (0.19 and 0.5 mg/kg) blocked both [11C]PHNO and [11C]raclopride binding to striatum, exhibiting high occupancy (50-85%) at 15 min and rapid wash-out over 2-6 h. In contrast, oral buspirone (3 mg/kg) significantly blocked [11C]PHNO binding in D3-rich regions (globus pallidum and midbrain) at 3 h, but had minimal effects on [11C]raclopride binding (28-37% at 1 h and 10% at 3 h). Buspirone did not block [11C]NNC-112. Our findings provide evidence that i.m. buspirone blocks D3R and D2R, whereas oral buspirone is more selective towards D3R blockade in vivo, consistent with extensive first pass metabolism and supporting the hypothesis that its metabolites (5- and 6'-hydroxybuspirone) merit evaluation for treating SUDs. They also indicate that for oral buspirone to achieve greater than 80% sustained D3R occupancy, as might be needed to treat addiction, higher doses (at least three-fold) than those used to treat anxiety (maximal 60 mg) will be required. Nonetheless, based on previous clinical studies, these doses would be safe and well tolerated.
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25
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Rotstein BH, Wey HY, Shoup TM, Wilson AA, Liang SH, Hooker JM, Vasdev N. PET imaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase with [(18)F]DOPP in nonhuman primates. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3832-8. [PMID: 25004399 PMCID: PMC4224570 DOI: 10.1021/mp500316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) regulates endocannabinoid signaling. [(11)C]CURB, an irreversibly binding FAAH inhibitor, has been developed for clinical research imaging with PET. However, no fluorine-18 labeled radiotracer for FAAH has yet advanced to human studies. [(18)F]DOPP ([(18)F]3-(4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)phenyl (5-fluoropentyl)carbamate) has been identified as a promising (18)F-labeled analogue based on rodent studies. The goal of this work is to evaluate [(18)F]DOPP in nonhuman primates to support its clinical translation. High specific activity [(18)F]DOPP (5-6 Ci·μmol(-1)) was administered intravenously (iv) to three baboons (2M/1F, 3-4 years old). The distribution and pharmacokinetics were quantified following a 2 h dynamic imaging session using a simultaneous PET/MR scanner. Pretreatment with the FAAH-selective inhibitor, URB597, was carried out at 200 or 300 μg/kg iv, 10 min prior to [(18)F]DOPP administration. Rapid arterial blood sampling for the first 3 min was followed by interval sampling with metabolite analysis to provide a parent radiotracer plasma input function that indicated ∼95% baseline metabolism at 60 min and a reduced rate of metabolism after pretreatment with URB597. Regional distribution data were analyzed with 1-, 2-, and 3-tissue compartment models (TCMs), with and without irreversible trapping since [(18)F]DOPP covalently links to the active site of FAAH. Consistent with previous findings for [(11)C]CURB, the 2TCM with irreversible binding was found to provide the best fit for modeling the data in all regions. The composite parameter λk3 was therefore used to evaluate whole brain (WB) and regional binding of [(18)F]DOPP. Pretreatment studies showed inhibition of λk3 across all brain regions (WB baseline: 0.112 mL/cm(3)/min; 300 μg/kg URB597: 0.058 mL/cm(3)/min), suggesting that [(18)F]DOPP binding is specific for FAAH, consistent with previous rodent data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H Rotstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging & Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
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26
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Developmental changes in the organization of functional connections between the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 2014; 34:5842-54. [PMID: 24760844 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3069-13.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The basal ganglia (BG) comprise a set of subcortical nuclei with sensorimotor, cognitive, and limbic subdivisions, indicative of functional organization. BG dysfunction in several developmental disorders suggests the importance of the healthy maturation of these structures. However, few studies have investigated the development of BG functional organization. Using resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI), we compared human child and adult functional connectivity of the BG with rs-fcMRI-defined cortical systems. Because children move more than adults, customized preprocessing, including volume censoring, was used to minimize motion-induced rs-fcMRI artifact. Our results demonstrated functional organization in the adult BG consistent with subdivisions previously identified in anatomical tracing studies. Group comparisons revealed a developmental shift in bilateral posterior putamen/pallidum clusters from preferential connectivity with the somatomotor "face" system in childhood to preferential connectivity with control/attention systems (frontoparietal, ventral attention) in adulthood. This shift was due to a decline in the functional connectivity of these clusters with the somatomotor face system over development, and no change with control/attention systems. Applying multivariate pattern analysis, we were able to reliably classify individuals as children or adults based on BG-cortical system functional connectivity. Interrogation of the features driving this classification revealed, in addition to the somatomotor face system, contributions by the orbitofrontal, auditory, and somatomotor hand systems. These results demonstrate that BG-cortical functional connectivity evolves over development, and may lend insight into developmental disorders that involve BG dysfunction, particularly those involving motor systems (e.g., Tourette syndrome).
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27
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Black KJ, Snyder AZ, Mink JW, Tolia VN, Revilla FJ, Moerlein SM, Perlmutter JS. Spatial reorganization of putaminal dopamine D2-like receptors in cranial and hand dystonia. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88121. [PMID: 24520350 PMCID: PMC3919754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The putamen has a somatotopic organization of neurons identified by correspondence of firing rates with selected body part movements, as well as by complex, but organized, differential cortical projections onto putamen. In isolated focal dystonia, whole putaminal binding of dopamine D2-like receptor radioligands is quantitatively decreased, but it has not been known whether selected parts of the putamen are differentially affected depending upon the body part affected by dystonia. The radioligand [(18)F]spiperone binds predominantly to D2-like receptors in striatum. We hypothesized that the spatial location of [(18)F]spiperone binding within the putamen would differ in patients with dystonia limited to the hand versus the face, and we tested that hypothesis using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. To address statistical and methodological concerns, we chose a straightforward but robust image analysis method. An automated algorithm located the peak location of [(18)F]spiperone binding within the striatum, relative to a brain atlas, in each of 14 patients with cranial dystonia and 8 patients with hand dystonia. The mean (left and right) |x|, y, and z coordinates of peak striatal binding for each patient were compared between groups by t test. The location of peak [(18)F]spiperone binding within the putamen differed significantly between groups (cranial dystonia z
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J. Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Abraham Z. Snyder
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jonathan W. Mink
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Veeral N. Tolia
- Pediatrix Medical Group, Sunrise, Florida, United States of America
| | - Fredy J. Revilla
- Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Stephen M. Moerlein
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Seki F, Hikishima K, Nambu S, Okanoya K, Okano HJ, Sasaki E, Miura K, Okano H. Multidimensional MRI-CT atlas of the naked mole-rat brain (Heterocephalus glaber). Front Neuroanat 2013; 7:45. [PMID: 24391551 PMCID: PMC3868886 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2013.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats have a variety of distinctive features such as the organization of a hierarchical society (known as eusociality), extraordinary longevity, and cancer resistance; thus, it would be worthwhile investigating these animals in detail. One important task is the preparation of a brain atlas database that provide comprehensive information containing multidimensional data with various image contrasts, which can be achievable using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Advanced MRI techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), which generates high contrast images of fiber structures, can characterize unique morphological properties in addition to conventional MRI. To obtain high spatial resolution images, MR histology, DTI, and X-ray computed tomography were performed on the fixed adult brain. Skull and brain structures were segmented as well as reconstructed in stereotaxic coordinates. Data were also acquired for the neonatal brain to allow developmental changes to be observed. Moreover, in vivo imaging of naked mole-rats was established as an evaluation tool of live animals. The data obtained comprised three-dimensional (3D) images with high tissue contrast as well as stereotaxic coordinates. Developmental differences in the visual system were highlighted in particular by DTI. Although it was difficult to delineate optic nerves in the mature adult brain, parts of them could be distinguished in the immature neonatal brain. From observation of cortical thickness, possibility of high somatosensory system development replaced to the visual system was indicated. 3D visualization of brain structures in the atlas as well as the establishment of in vivo imaging would promote neuroimaging researches towards detection of novel characteristics of eusocial naked mole-rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Seki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Hikishima
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sanae Nambu
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okanoya
- Japan Science and Technology Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology Okanoya Emotional Information Project Saitama, Japan ; Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka J Okano
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Sasaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Central Institute for Experimental Animals Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Miura
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan ; Riken Keio University Joint Research Laboratory, RIKEN Brain Science Institute Saitama, Japan
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Fujiki Y, Yokota S, Okada Y, Oku Y, Tamura Y, Ishiguro M, Miwakeichi F. Standardization of size, shape and internal structure of spinal cord images: comparison of three transformation methods. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76415. [PMID: 24223702 PMCID: PMC3818318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional fluorescence imaging has been widely applied to analyze spatio-temporal patterns of cellular dynamics in the brain and spinal cord. However, it is difficult to integrate spatial information obtained from imaging data in specific regions of interest across multiple samples, due to large variability in the size, shape and internal structure of samples. To solve this problem, we attempted to standardize transversely sectioned spinal cord images focusing on the laminar structure in the gray matter. We employed three standardization methods, the affine transformation (AT), the angle-dependent transformation (ADT) and the combination of these two methods (AT+ADT). The ADT is a novel non-linear transformation method developed in this study to adjust an individual image onto the template image in the polar coordinate system. We next compared the accuracy of these three standardization methods. We evaluated two indices, i.e., the spatial distribution of pixels that are not categorized to any layer and the error ratio by the leave-one-out cross validation method. In this study, we used neuron-specific marker (NeuN)-stained histological images of transversely sectioned cervical spinal cord slices (21 images obtained from 4 rats) to create the standard atlas and also to serve for benchmark tests. We found that the AT+ADT outperformed other two methods, though the accuracy of each method varied depending on the layer. This novel image standardization technique would be applicable to optical recording such as voltage-sensitive dye imaging, and will enable statistical evaluations of neural activation across multiple samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhisa Fujiki
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shigefumi Yokota
- Department of Anatomy and Morphological Neuroscience, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Okada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Murayama Medical Center, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oku
- Department of Physiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Tamura
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makio Ishiguro
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumikazu Miwakeichi
- Department of Statistical Science, School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
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Miller B, Marks LA, Koller JM, Newman BJ, Bretthorst GL, Black KJ. Prolactin and fMRI response to SKF38393 in the baboon. PeerJ 2013; 1:e195. [PMID: 24255811 PMCID: PMC3817584 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study's goal was to provide dose-response data for a dopamine agonist in the baboon using standard methods (replicate measurements at each dose, across a range of doses), as a standard against which to subsequently validate a novel pharmacological MRI (phMRI) method. Dependent variables were functional MRI (fMRI) data from brain regions selected a priori, and systemic prolactin release. Necessary first steps included estimating the magnitude and time course of prolactin response to anesthesia alone and to various doses of agonist. These first steps ("time course studies") were performed with three agonists, and the results were used to select promising agonists and to guide design details for the single-dose studies needed to generate dose-response curves. Methods. We studied 6 male baboons (Papio anubis) under low-dose isoflurane anesthesia after i.m. ketamine. Time course studies charted the changes in plasma prolactin levels over time after anesthesia alone or after an intravenous (i.v.) dose of the dopamine D 1-like agonists SKF82958 and SKF38393 or the D 2-like agonist pramipexole. In the single-dose dopamine agonist studies, one dose of SKF38393 (ranging from 0.0928-9.28 mg/kg, N = 5 animals) or pramipexole (0.00928-0.2 mg/kg, N = 1) was given i.v. during a 40-min blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI session, to determine BOLD and plasma prolactin responses to different drug concentrations. BOLD response was quantified as the area under the time-signal curve for the first 15 min after the start of the drug infusion, compared to the linearly predicted signal from the baseline data before drug. The ED50 (estimated dose that produces 50% of the maximal possible response to drug) for SKF38393 was calculated for the serum prolactin response and for phMRI responses in hypothalamus, pituitary, striatum and midbrain. Results. Prolactin rose 2.4- to 12-fold with anesthesia alone, peaking around 50-90 min after ketamine administration and gradually tapering off but still remaining higher than baseline on isoflurane 3-5 h after ketamine. Baseline prolactin level increased with age. SKF82958 0.1 mg/kg i.v. produced no noticeable change in plasma prolactin concentration. SKF38393 produced a substantial increase in prolactin release that peaked at around 20-30 min and declined to pre-drug levels in about an hour. Pramipexole quickly reduced prolactin levels below baseline, reaching a nadir 2-3 h after infusion. SKF38393 produced clear, dose-responsive BOLD signal changes, and across the four regions, ED50 was estimated at 2.6-8.1 mg/kg. Conclusions. In the baboon, the dopamine D 1 receptor agonist SKF38393 produces clear plasma prolactin and phMRI dose-response curves. Variability in age and a modest sample size limit the precision of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lauren A. Marks
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Blake J. Newman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - G. Larry Bretthorst
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kevin J. Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Ballanger B, Tremblay L, Sgambato-Faure V, Beaudoin-Gobert M, Lavenne F, Le Bars D, Costes N. A multi-atlas based method for automated anatomical Macaca fascicularis brain MRI segmentation and PET kinetic extraction. Neuroimage 2013; 77:26-43. [PMID: 23537938 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED MRI templates and digital atlases are needed for automated and reproducible quantitative analysis of non-human primate PET studies. Segmenting brain images via multiple atlases outperforms single-atlas labelling in humans. We present a set of atlases manually delineated on brain MRI scans of the monkey Macaca fascicularis. We use this multi-atlas dataset to evaluate two automated methods in terms of accuracy, robustness and reliability in segmenting brain structures on MRI and extracting regional PET measures. METHODS Twelve individual Macaca fascicularis high-resolution 3DT1 MR images were acquired. Four individual atlases were created by manually drawing 42 anatomical structures, including cortical and sub-cortical structures, white matter regions, and ventricles. To create the MRI template, we first chose one MRI to define a reference space, and then performed a two-step iterative procedure: affine registration of individual MRIs to the reference MRI, followed by averaging of the twelve resampled MRIs. Automated segmentation in native space was obtained in two ways: 1) Maximum probability atlases were created by decision fusion of two to four individual atlases in the reference space, and transformation back into the individual native space (MAXPROB)(.) 2) One to four individual atlases were registered directly to the individual native space, and combined by decision fusion (PROPAG). Accuracy was evaluated by computing the Dice similarity index and the volume difference. The robustness and reproducibility of PET regional measurements obtained via automated segmentation was evaluated on four co-registered MRI/PET datasets, which included test-retest data. RESULTS Dice indices were always over 0.7 and reached maximal values of 0.9 for PROPAG with all four individual atlases. There was no significant mean volume bias. The standard deviation of the bias decreased significantly when increasing the number of individual atlases. MAXPROB performed better when increasing the number of atlases used. When all four atlases were used for the MAXPROB creation, the accuracy of morphometric segmentation approached that of the PROPAG method. PET measures extracted either via automatic methods or via the manually defined regions were strongly correlated, with no significant regional differences between methods. Intra-class correlation coefficients for test-retest data were over 0.87. CONCLUSIONS Compared to single atlas extractions, multi-atlas methods improve the accuracy of region definition. They also perform comparably to manually defined regions for PET quantification. Multiple atlases of Macaca fascicularis brains are now available and allow reproducible and simplified analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bénédicte Ballanger
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives, UMR 5229, Bron, France
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Rohlfing T, Kroenke CD, Sullivan EV, Dubach MF, Bowden DM, Grant KA, Pfefferbaum A. The INIA19 Template and NeuroMaps Atlas for Primate Brain Image Parcellation and Spatial Normalization. Front Neuroinform 2012; 6:27. [PMID: 23230398 PMCID: PMC3515865 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2012.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The INIA19 is a new, high-quality template for imaging-based studies of non-human primate brains, created from high-resolution, T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images of 19 rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) animals. Combined with the comprehensive cortical and sub-cortical label map of the NeuroMaps atlas, the INIA19 is equally suitable for studies requiring both spatial normalization and atlas label propagation. Population-averaged template images are provided for both the brain and the whole head, to allow alignment of the atlas with both skull-stripped and unstripped data, and thus to facilitate its use for skull stripping of new images. This article describes the construction of the template using freely available software tools, as well as the template itself, which is being made available to the scientific community (http://nitrc.org/projects/inia19/).
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Van Ruijssevelt L, Van der Kant A, De Groof G, Van der Linden A. Current state-of-the-art of auditory functional MRI (fMRI) on zebra finches: technique and scientific achievements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 107:156-69. [PMID: 22960664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Songbirds provide an excellent model system exhibiting vocal learning associated with an extreme brain plasticity linked to quantifiable behavioral changes. This animal model has thus far been intensively studied using electrophysiological, histological and molecular mapping techniques. However, these approaches do not provide a global view of the brain and/or do not allow repeated measures, which are necessary to establish correlations between alterations in neural substrate and behavior. In contrast, functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) is a non-invasive in vivo technique which allows one (i) to study brain function in the same subject over time, and (ii) to address the entire brain at once. During the last decades, fMRI has become one of the most popular neuroimaging techniques in cognitive neuroscience for the study of brain activity during various tasks ranging from simple sensory-motor to highly cognitive tasks. By alternating various stimulation periods with resting periods during scanning, resting and task-specific regional brain activity can be determined with this technique. Despite its obvious benefits, fMRI has, until now, only been sparsely used to study cognition in non-human species such as songbirds. The Bio-Imaging Lab (University of Antwerp, Belgium) was the first to implement Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) fMRI in songbirds - and in particular zebra finches - for the visualization of sound perception and processing in auditory and song control brain regions. The present article provides an overview of the establishment and optimization of this technique in our laboratory and of the resulting scientific findings. The introduction of fMRI in songbirds has opened new research avenues that permit experimental analysis of complex sensorimotor and cognitive processes underlying vocal communication in this animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbeth Van Ruijssevelt
- Bio-Imaging Lab, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Building Uc, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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Fujiyoshi K, Konomi T, Yamada M, Hikishima K, Tsuji O, Komaki Y, Momoshima S, Toyama Y, Nakamura M, Okano H. Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography of the spinal cord: from experimental studies to clinical application. Exp Neurol 2012; 242:74-82. [PMID: 22868199 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides detailed information about biological structures. In particular, diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) are powerful tools for evaluating white matter fibers in the central nervous system. We previously established a reproducible spinal cord injury model in adult common marmosets and showed that DTT could be used to trace the neural tracts in the intact and injured spinal cord of these animals in vivo. Recently, many reports using DTT to analyze the spinal cord area have been published. Based on the findings from our experimental studies, we are now routinely performing DTT of the human spinal cord in the clinic. In this review we outline the basic principles of DTT, and describe the characteristics, limitations, and future uses of DTT to examine the spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanehiro Fujiyoshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
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Nie B, Chen K, Zhao S, Liu J, Gu X, Yao Q, Hui J, Zhang Z, Teng G, Zhao C, Shan B. A rat brain MRI template with digital stereotaxic atlas of fine anatomical delineations in paxinos space and its automated application in voxel-wise analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 2012; 34:1306-18. [PMID: 22287270 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study constructs a rat brain T2 -weighted magnetic resonance imaging template including olfactory bulb and a compatible digital atlas. The atlas contains 624 carefully delineated brain structures based on the newest (2005) edition of rat brain atlas by Paxinos and Watson. An automated procedure, as an SPM toolbox, was introduced for spatially normalizing individual rat brains, conducting statistical analysis and visually localizing the results in the Atlas coordinate space. The brain template/atlas and the procedure were evaluated using functional images between rats with the right side middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and normal controls. The result shows that the brain region with significant signal decline in the MCAO rats was consistent with the occlusion position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Stoewer S, Goense J, Keliris GA, Bartels A, Logothetis NK, Duncan J, Sigala N. An analysis approach for high-field fMRI data from awake non-human primates. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29697. [PMID: 22238636 PMCID: PMC3253095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
fMRI experiments with awake non-human primates (NHP) have seen a surge of applications in recent years. However, the standard fMRI analysis tools designed for human experiments are not optimal for analysis of NHP fMRI data collected at high fields. There are several reasons for this, including the trial-based nature of NHP experiments, with inter-trial periods being of no interest, and segmentation artefacts and distortions that may result from field changes due to movement. We demonstrate an approach that allows us to address some of these issues consisting of the following steps: 1) Trial-based experimental design. 2) Careful control of subject movement. 3) Computer-assisted selection of trials devoid of artefacts and animal motion. 4) Nonrigid between-trial and rigid within-trial realignment of concatenated data from temporally separated trials and sessions. 5) Linear interpolation of inter-trial intervals and high-pass filtering of temporally continuous data 6) Removal of interpolated data and reconcatenation of datasets before statistical analysis with SPM. We have implemented a software toolbox, fMRI Sandbox (http://code.google.com/p/fmri-sandbox/), for semi-automated application of these processing steps that interfaces with SPM software. Here, we demonstrate that our methodology provides significant improvements for the analysis of awake monkey fMRI data acquired at high-field. The method may also be useful for clinical applications with subjects that are unwilling or unable to remain motionless for the whole duration of a functional scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Stoewer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
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Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of Yukatan minipig brains for neurotherapy applications. Lab Anim Res 2011; 27:309-16. [PMID: 22232639 PMCID: PMC3251761 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2011.27.4.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of six Yukatan minipig brains was performed. The animals were placed in stereotaxic conditions currently used in experiments. To allow for correctpositioning of the animal in the MRI instrument, landmarks were previously traced on the snout of the pig. To avoid movements, animal were anesthetized. The animals were placed in a prone position in a Siemens Magnetom Avanto 1.5 System with a head coil. Axial T2-weighted and sagittal T1-weighted MRI images were obtained from each pig. Afterwards, the brains of the pigs were fixed and cut into axial sections. Histologic and MR images were compared. The usefulness of this technique is discussed.
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Kuwabara H, Wong DF, Gao Y, Valentine H, Holt DP, Ravert HT, Dannals RF, Horti AG. PET Imaging of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Baboons with 18F-AZAN, a Radioligand with Improved Brain Kinetics. J Nucl Med 2011; 53:121-9. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Borroni E, Zhou Y, Ostrowitzki S, Alberati D, Kumar A, Hainzl D, Hartung T, Hilton J, Dannals RF, Wong DF. Pre-clinical characterization of [11C]R05013853 as a novel radiotracer for imaging of the glycine transporter type 1 by positron emission tomography. Neuroimage 2011; 75:291-300. [PMID: 22178811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for the glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1) would constitute an imaging biomarker to investigate the distribution of GlyT1 in normal individuals and those with neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition it could demonstrate the ability of a novel drug to reach its target in the brain and enable receptor occupancy studies, thus facilitating drug development. In this article we describe the evaluation in non-human primates of two candidate PET radiotracers ([(11)C]RO5013852 and [(11)C]RO5013853) previously characterized in the rat. Both radiotracers showed acceptable uptake in the baboon brain and heterogeneous distribution consistent with that reported for GlyT1. In vivo blockade studies with two specific glycine reuptake inhibitors (GRIs), RO5013853 and bitopertin (RG1678, reduced uptake of both tracers to homogenous levels across brain regions and demonstrated specificity of the signal. [(11)C]RO5013853 showed a larger specific signal and slightly higher brain uptake and was therefore selected for further characterization. Quantitative compartmental analysis of PET data showed that the 2-tissue compartment model with 5 parameters was the most appropriate to describe the kinetics of [(11)C]RO5013853. Two additional methods were used: a) the Logan graphical analysis using plasma input and, b) a linear parametric imaging approach with the 2-tissue compartmental model. These produced VT estimates of comparable magnitude, namely, pons, thalamus and cerebellum>caudate, putamen and cortical regions. High resolution autoradiography with tritiated RO5013853 was used to confirm the binding pattern observed by PET. In vivo metabolism studies in the baboon demonstrated the formation of a single, radiolabeled metabolite more polar than the parent compound. Finally, [(11)C]RO5013853 was used to quantify the degree of cerebral GlyT1 occupancy observed in the baboon following oral administration of bitopertin, a selective GRI presently in Phase III clinical trial. Plasma concentrations of approximately 150-300 ng/mL were estimated to produce 50% GlyT1 occupancy in the thalamus, the cerebellum and the pons. [(11)C]RO5013853 is a promising radiotracer for in vivo imaging of the GlyT1. It can be easily radiolabeled, exhibits moderate metabolism, displays a good specific signal, and is suitable for receptor occupancy studies of therapeutic compounds that target the GlyT1. The successful characterization of [(11)C]RO5013853 in healthy volunteers is presented in this NeuroImage issue (Wong et al., 2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilio Borroni
- Neuroscience Department, Pharmaceutical Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Yun Zhou
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA
| | - Susanne Ostrowitzki
- Neuroscience Department, Pharmaceutical Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Alberati
- Neuroscience Department, Pharmaceutical Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anil Kumar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA
| | - Dominik Hainzl
- Nonclinical Safety Department, Pharmaceutical Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Process Research & Synthesis Department, Pharmaceutical Division, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - John Hilton
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA
| | - Dean F Wong
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA; Department of Psychiatry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline St., JHOC, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline St., JHOC, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N. Caroline St., JHOC, Baltimore, MD 21287-0807, USA; Honorary Professor of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fedorov A, Li X, Pohl KM, Bouix S, Styner M, Addicott M, Wyatt C, Daunais JB, Wells WM, Kikinis R. Atlas-guided segmentation of vervet monkey brain MRI. Open Neuroimag J 2011; 5:186-97. [PMID: 22253661 PMCID: PMC3256578 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001105010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The vervet monkey is an important nonhuman primate model that allows the study of isolated environmental factors in a controlled environment. Analysis of monkey MRI often suffers from lower quality images compared with human MRI because clinical equipment is typically used to image the smaller monkey brain and higher spatial resolution is required. This, together with the anatomical differences of the monkey brains, complicates the use of neuroimage analysis pipelines tuned for human MRI analysis. In this paper we developed an open source image analysis framework based on the tools available within the 3D Slicer software to support a biological study that investigates the effect of chronic ethanol exposure on brain morphometry in a longitudinally followed population of male vervets. We first developed a computerized atlas of vervet monkey brain MRI, which was used to encode the typical appearance of the individual brain structures in MRI and their spatial distribution. The atlas was then used as a spatial prior during automatic segmentation to process two longitudinal scans per subject. Our evaluation confirms the consistency and reliability of the automatic segmentation. The comparison of atlas construction strategies reveals that the use of a population-specific atlas leads to improved accuracy of the segmentation for subcortical brain structures. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we describe an image processing workflow specifically tuned towards the analysis of vervet MRI that consists solely of the open source software tools. Second, we develop a digital atlas of vervet monkey brain MRIs to enable similar studies that rely on the vervet model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Fedorov
- Surgical Planning Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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41
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Szabó CÁ, Salinas FS, Narayana S. Functional PET Evaluation of the Photosensitive Baboon. Open Neuroimag J 2011; 5:206-15. [PMID: 22276085 PMCID: PMC3257183 DOI: 10.2174/1874440001105010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The baboon provides a unique, natural model of epilepsy in nonhuman primates. Additionally, photosensitivity of the epileptic baboon provides an important window into the mechanism of human idiopathic generalized epilepsies. In order to better understand the networks underlying this model, our group utilized functional positron emission tomography (PET) to compare cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes occurring during intermittent light stimulation (ILS) and rest between baboons photosensitive, epileptic (PS) and asymptomatic, control (CTL) animals. Our studies utilized subtraction and covariance analyses to evaluate CBF changes occurring during ILS across activation and resting states, but also evaluated CBF correlations with ketamine doses and interictal epileptic discharge (IED) rate during the resting state. Furthermore, our group also assessed the CBF responses related to variation of ILS in PS and CTL animals. CBF changes in the subtraction and covariance analyses reveal the physiological response and visual connectivity in CTL animals and pathophysiological networks underlying responses associated with the activation of ictal and interictal epileptic discharges in PS animals. The correlation with ketamine dose is essential to understanding differences in CBF responses between both groups, and correlations with IED rate provides an insight into an epileptic network independent of visual activation. Finally, the ILS frequency dependent changes can help develop a framework to study not only spatial connectivity but also the temporal sequence of regional activations and deactivations related to ILS. The maps generated by the CBF analyses will be used to target specific nodes in the epileptic network for electrophysiological evaluation using intracranial electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ákos Szabó
- South Texas Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
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42
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Perantie DC, Koller JM, Weaver PM, Lugar HM, Black KJ, White NH, Hershey T. Prospectively determined impact of type 1 diabetes on brain volume during development. Diabetes 2011; 60:3006-14. [PMID: 21953611 PMCID: PMC3198062 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the developing central nervous system is not well understood. Cross-sectional, retrospective studies suggest that exposure to glycemic extremes during development is harmful to brain structure in youth with T1DM. However, these studies cannot identify brain regions that change differentially over time depending on the degree of exposure to glycemic extremes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We performed a longitudinal, prospective structural neuroimaging study of youth with T1DM (n = 75; mean age = 12.5 years) and their nondiabetic siblings (n = 25; mean age = 12.5 years). Each participant was scanned twice, separated by 2 years. Blood glucose control measurements (HbA(1c), glucose meter results, and reports of severe hypoglycemia) were acquired during the 2-year follow-up. Sophisticated image registration algorithms were performed, followed by whole brain and voxel-wise statistical analyses of the change in gray and white matter volume, controlling for age, sex, and age of diabetes onset. RESULTS The T1DM and nondiabetic control (NDC) sibling groups did not differ in whole brain or voxel-wise change over the 2-year follow-up. However, within the T1DM group, participants with more hyperglycemia had a greater decrease in whole brain gray matter compared with those with less hyperglycemia (P < 0.05). Participants who experienced severe hypoglycemia had greater decreases in occipital/parietal white matter volume compared with those with no severe hypoglycemia (P < 0.05) and compared with the NDC sibling group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that within diabetes, exposure to hyperglycemia and severe hypoglycemia may result in subtle deviation from normal developmental trajectories of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Perantie
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Jonathan M. Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Patrick M. Weaver
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Heather M. Lugar
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin J. Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Neil H. White
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Corresponding author: Tamara Hershey,
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43
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Functional neuroimaging of the baboon during concurrent image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroimage 2011; 57:1393-401. [PMID: 21664276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has well-established applications in basic neuroscience and promising applications in neurological and psychiatric disorders. However the underlying mechanisms of TMS-induced alterations in brain function are not well understood. As a result, treatment design parameters are determined ad hoc and not informed by any coherent theory or model. Once the mechanisms underlying TMS's modulatory effects on brain systems are better understood and modeled, TMS's potential as a therapeutic and/or investigative tool will be more readily explored and exploited. An animal model is better suited to study different TMS variables, therefore we developed a baboon model to facilitate testing of some of the current theoretical models of TMS interactions with brain regions. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach by successfully imaging cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes with H(2)(15)O positron emission tomography imaging during high-frequency, suprathreshold repetitive TMS in the primary motor cortex of five healthy, adult baboons.
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Hikishima K, Quallo M, Komaki Y, Yamada M, Kawai K, Momoshima S, Okano H, Sasaki E, Tamaoki N, Lemon R, Iriki A, Okano H. Population-averaged standard template brain atlas for the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Neuroimage 2011; 54:2741-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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45
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Woods RP, Fears SC, Jorgensen MJ, Fairbanks LA, Toga AW, Freimer NB. A web-based brain atlas of the vervet monkey, Chlorocebus aethiops. Neuroimage 2011; 54:1872-80. [PMID: 20923706 PMCID: PMC3008312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Vervet monkeys are a frequently studied animal model in neuroscience research. Although equally distantly related to humans, the ancestors of vervets diverged from those of macaques and baboons more than 11 million years ago, antedating the divergence of the ancestors of humans, chimpanzees and gorillas. To facilitate anatomic localization in the vervet brain, two linked on-line electronic atlases are described, one based on registered MRI scans from hundreds of vervets (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetmratlas/vervetmratlas.html) and the other based on a high-resolution cryomacrotome study of a single vervet (http://www.loni.ucla.edu/Research/Atlases/Data/vervet/vervetatlas/vervetatlas.html). The averaged MRI atlas is also available as a volume in Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative format. In the cryomacrotome atlas, various sulcal and subcortical structures have been anatomically labeled and surface rendered views are provided along the primary planes of section. Both atlases simultaneously provide views in all three primary planes of section, rapid navigation by clicking on the displayed images, and stereotaxic coordinates in the averaged MRI atlas space. Despite the extended time period since their divergence, the major sulcal and subcortical landmarks in vervets are highly conserved relative to those described in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger P Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095-7085, USA.
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46
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Quantification of indirect pathway inhibition by the adenosine A2a antagonist SYN115 in Parkinson disease. J Neurosci 2011; 30:16284-92. [PMID: 21123574 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2590-10.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A(2a) receptor antagonists reduce symptom severity in Parkinson disease (PD) and animal models. Rodent studies support the hypothesis that A(2a) antagonists produce this benefit by reducing the inhibitory output of the basal ganglia indirect pathway. One way to test this hypothesis in humans is to quantify regional pharmacodynamic responses with cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging. That approach has also been proposed as a tool to accelerate pharmaceutical dose finding, but has not yet been applied in humans to drugs in development. We successfully addressed both these aims with a perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the novel adenosine A(2a) antagonist SYN115. During a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study in 21 PD patients on levodopa but no agonists, we acquired pulsed arterial spin labeling MRI at the end of each treatment period. SYN115 produced a highly significant decrease in thalamic CBF, consistent with reduced pallidothalamic inhibition via the indirect pathway. Similar decreases occurred in cortical regions whose activity decreases with increased alertness and externally focused attention, consistent with decreased self-reported sleepiness on SYN115. Remarkably, we also derived quantitative pharmacodynamic parameters from the CBF responses to SYN115. These results suggested that the doses tested were on the low end of the effective dose range, consistent with clinical data reported separately. We conclude that (1) SYN115 enters the brain and exerts dose-dependent regional effects, (2) the most prominent of these effects is consistent with deactivation of the indirect pathway as predicted by preclinical studies; and (3) perfusion MRI can provide rapid, quantitative, clinically relevant dose-finding information for pharmaceutical development.
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47
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Quallo MM, Price CJ, Ueno K, Asamizuya T, Cheng K, Lemon RN, Iriki A. Creating a population-averaged standard brain template for Japanese macaques (M. fuscata). Neuroimage 2010; 52:1328-33. [PMID: 20452439 PMCID: PMC3221050 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of modern digital anatomy techniques, based on structural MR brain images, have recently become applicable to the non-human primate brain. Such voxel-based quantitative techniques require a species-specific standardized brain template. Here we present a brain template for the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata). The template was designed to be used as a tool for spatially normalising Japanese macaque brains into a standard space. Although this species of macaque monkey is widely used in neuroscience research, including studies of higher cognitive brain functions, no standard MRI template of its brain is presently available. The template presented here is based on T1/T2* weighted, high-resolution 4 T MR images obtained from 16 male adult Japanese macaque monkeys. T1/T2* images were used to correct the signal inequalities resulting from the use of a surface coil. Based on these images, population-averaged probability maps were created for grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid. The new template presented here should facilitate future brain research using the Japanese macaque monkey. Whole brain templates are available at http://brainatlas.brain.riken.jp/jm/modules/xoonips/listitem.php?index_id=9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Quallo
- Laboratory for Symbolic Cognitive Development, RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Japan
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48
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hippocampal neurons in adult animals and humans are vulnerable to severe hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Effects are hypothesized to be exacerbated during development, but existing studies on developing human brains are limited. We examined whether hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia experienced during brain development in humans affects hippocampal volumes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in 95 youth with type 1 diabetes and 49 sibling control subjects aged 7-17 years. Youth with diabetes were categorized as having 0 (n = 37), 1-2 (n = 41), or 3 or more (3+; n = 17) prior severe hypoglycemic episodes. Hyperglycemia exposure was estimated from median lifetime A1C, weighted for duration of diabetes. Stereologic measurements of hippocampal volumes were performed in atlas-registered space to correct for whole brain volume. RESULTS Greater exposure to severe hypoglycemia was associated with larger hippocampal volumes (F [3,138] = 3.6, P = 0.016; 3+ larger than all other groups, P < 0.05). Hyperglycemia exposure was not associated with hippocampal volumes (R(2) change = 0.003, F [1,89] = 0.31, P = 0.58, semipartial r = 0.06; one outlier removed for high median A1C), and the 3+ severe hypoglycemia group still had larger hippocampal volumes after controlling for age of onset and hyperglycemia exposure (main effect of hypoglycemia category, F [2,88] = 6.4, P = 0.002; 3+ larger than all other groups, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Enlargement of the hippocampus may reflect a pathological reaction to hypoglycemia during brain development, such as gliosis, reactive neurogenesis, or disruption of normal developmental pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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49
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McLaren DG, Kosmatka KJ, Kastman EK, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC. Rhesus macaque brain morphometry: a methodological comparison of voxel-wise approaches. Methods 2009; 50:157-65. [PMID: 19883763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 10/18/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Voxel-based morphometry studies have become increasingly common in human neuroimaging over the past several years; however, few studies have utilized this method to study morphometry changes in non-human primates. Here we describe the application of voxel-wise morphometry methods to the rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) using the 112RM-SL template and priors (McLaren et al. (2009) [42]) and as an illustrative example we describe age-associated changes in grey matter morphometry. Specifically, we evaluated the unified segmentation routine implemented using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) software and the FMRIB's Automated Segmentation Tool (FAST) in the FMRIB Software Library (FSL); the effect of varying the smoothing kernel; and the effect of the normalization routine. We found that when studying non-human primates, brain images need less smoothing than in human studies, 2-4mm FWHM. Using flow field deformations (DARTEL) improved inter-subject alignment leading to results that were more likely due to morphometry differences as opposed to registration differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G McLaren
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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50
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Collantes M, Prieto E, Peñuelas I, Blesa J, Juri C, Martí-Climent JM, Quincoces G, Arbizu J, Riverol M, Zubieta JL, Rodriguez-Oroz MC, Luquin MR, Richter JA, Obeso JA. New MRI, 18F-DOPA and 11C-(+)-alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine templates for Macaca fascicularis neuroimaging: advantages to improve PET quantification. Neuroimage 2009; 47:533-9. [PMID: 19422919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 03/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Normalization of neuroimaging studies to a stereotaxic space allows the utilization of standard volumes of interest (VOIs) and voxel-based analysis (SPM). Such spatial normalization of PET and MRI studies requires a high quality template image. The aim of this study was to create new MRI and PET templates of (18)F-DOPA and (11)C-(+)-alpha-dihydrotetrabenazine ((11)C-DTBZ) of the Macaca fascicularis brain, an important animal model of Parkinson's disease. MRI template was constructed as a smoothed average of the scans of 15 healthy animals, previously transformed into the space of one representative MRI. In order to create the PET templates, (18)F-DOPA and (11)C-DTBZ PET of the same subjects were acquired in a dedicated small animal PET scanner and transformed to the created MRI template space. To validate these templates for PET quantification, parametric values obtained with a standard VOI-map applied after spatial normalization to each template were statistically compared to results computed using individual VOIs drawn for each animal. The high correlation between both procedures validated the utilization of all the templates, improving the reproducibility of PET analysis. To prove the utility of the templates for voxel-based quantification, dopamine striatal depletion in a representative monkey treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was assessed by SPM analysis of (11)C-DTBZ PET. A symmetric reduction in striatal (11)C-DTBZ uptake was detected in accordance with the induced lesion. In conclusion, templates of M. fascicularis brain have been constructed and validated for reproducible and automated PET quantification. All templates are electronically available via the internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Collantes
- Small Animal Imaging Research Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) and Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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