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Chen C, Feng D, Wang Y, Yao T, Mackowiak B, Gao B. Necrotic Liver Lesion Resolution: Another Mode of Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis 2024. [PMID: 38955211 DOI: 10.1055/a-2358-9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The liver has the great ability to regenerate after partial resection or injury, and the mechanisms underlying liver regeneration have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, acute liver injuries triggered by various etiologies are associated with the formation of necrotic lesions, and such necrotic lesions are also rapidly resolved. However, how necrotic liver lesions are repaired has not been carefully investigated until recently. In this review, we briefly summarize the spatiotemporal process of necrotic liver lesion resolution in several liver injury models including immune-mediated liver injury and drug-induced liver injury. The roles of liver nonparenchymal cells and infiltrating immune cells in controlling necrotic liver lesion resolution are discussed, which may help identify potential therapies for acute liver injury and failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dechun Feng
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tiantian Yao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bin Gao
- Laboratory of Liver Diseases, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Ge X, Desert R, Magdaleno F, Han H, Song Z, Das S, Athavale D, Chen W, Barahona I, Lantvit D, Chen H, Hwang S, Nieto N. Redox-sensitive high-mobility group box-1 isoforms contribute to liver fibrosis progression and resolution in mice. J Hepatol 2024; 80:482-494. [PMID: 37989401 PMCID: PMC10923114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) significantly increases and undergoes post-translational modifications (PTMs) in response to liver injury. Since oxidative stress plays a major role in liver fibrosis and induces PTMs in proteins, we hypothesized that redox-sensitive HMGB1 isoforms contribute to liver fibrosis progression and resolution. METHODS We used ESI-LC-MS (electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry) to study PTMs of HMGB1 during fibrosis progression and resolution. Conditional knockout mice were used for functional analyses. RESULTS We identified that disulfide ([O]) and sulfonated ([SO3]) HMGB1 increase during carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis progression, however, while [O] HMGB1 declines, [SO3] HMGB1 drops but remains, during fibrosis resolution. Conditional knockout of Hmgb1 revealed that production of [O] and [SO3] HMGB1 occurs mostly in hepatocytes. Co-injection of [O] HMGB1 worsens carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis more than co-injection of [H] HMGB1. Conversely, ablation of [O] Hmgb1 in hepatocytes reduces liver fibrosis. Moreover, ablation of the receptor for advanced-glycation end-products (Rage) reveals that the profibrogenic effect of [O] HMGB1 is mediated by RAGE signaling in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Notably, injection of [SO3] HMGB1 accelerates fibrosis resolution due to RAGE-dependent stimulation of HSC apoptosis. Importantly, gene signatures activated by redox-sensitive HMGB1 isoforms in mice, classify patients with fibrosis according to fibrosis and inflammation scores. CONCLUSION Dynamic changes in hepatocyte-derived [O] and [SO3] HMGB1 signal through RAGE-dependent mechanisms on HSCs to drive their profibrogenic phenotype and fate, contributing to progression and resolution of liver fibrosis. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Since oxidative stress plays a major role in liver fibrosis and induces post-translational modifications of proteins, we hypothesized that redox-sensitive HMGB1 isoforms contribute to liver fibrosis progression and resolution. This study is significant because a rise in [H] HMGB1 could flag 'patient at risk', the presence of [O] HMGB1 could suggest 'disease in progress or active scarring', while the appearance of [SO3] HMGB1 could point at 'resolution under way'. The latter could be used as a readout for response to pharmacological intervention with anti-fibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Ge
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Romain Desert
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Fernando Magdaleno
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Zhuolun Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sukanta Das
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dipti Athavale
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ines Barahona
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Daniel Lantvit
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., suite E12, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sunil Hwang
- Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., suite E12, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Natalia Nieto
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St, suite 130 CSN, MC 847, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., suite 1020N, MC 787, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Research & Development Service, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Minayoshi Y, Maeda H, Hamasaki K, Nagasaki T, Takano M, Fukuda R, Mizuta Y, Tanaka M, Sasaki Y, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Mouse Type-I Interferon-Mannosylated Albumin Fusion Protein for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:260. [PMID: 38399475 PMCID: PMC10893114 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although a lot of effort has been put into creating drugs and combination therapies against chronic hepatitis, no effective treatment has been established. Type-I interferon is a promising therapeutic for chronic hepatitis due to its excellent anti-inflammatory effects through interferon receptors on hepatic macrophages. To develop a type-I IFN equipped with the ability to target hepatic macrophages through the macrophage mannose receptor, the present study designed a mouse type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein using site-specific mutagenesis and albumin fusion technology. This fusion protein exhibited the induction of anti-inflammatory molecules, such as IL-10, IL-1Ra, and PD-1, in RAW264.7 cells, or hepatoprotective effects on carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice. As expected, such biological and hepatoprotective actions were significantly superior to those of human fusion proteins. Furthermore, the repeated administration of mouse fusion protein to carbon tetrachloride-induced chronic hepatitis mice clearly suppressed the area of liver fibrosis and hepatic hydroxyproline contents, not only with a reduction in the levels of inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and fibrosis-related genes (TGF-β, Fibronectin, Snail, and Collagen 1α2), but also with a shift in the hepatic macrophage phenotype from inflammatory to anti-inflammatory. Therefore, type-I interferon-mannosylated albumin fusion protein has the potential as a new therapeutic agent for chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Minayoshi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Keisuke Hamasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Mei Takano
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Ryo Fukuda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Yuki Mizuta
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Motohiko Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Public Health and Welfare Bureau, 5-1-1 Oe, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0971, Japan
| | - Yutaka Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan; (M.T.); (Y.S.)
- Osaka Central Hospital, 3-3-30 Umeda, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-0001, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan;
- DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; (Y.M.); (K.H.); (T.N.); (M.T.); (R.F.); (Y.M.); (H.W.)
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Sorour A, Aly RG, Ragab HM, Wahid A. Structure Modification Converts the Hepatotoxic Tacrine into Novel Hepatoprotective Analogs. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2491-2503. [PMID: 38250371 PMCID: PMC10795119 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The liver is responsible for critical functions such as metabolism, secretion, storage, detoxification, and the excretion of various compounds. However, there is currently no approved drug treatment for liver fibrosis. Hence, this study aimed to explore the potential hepatoprotective effects of chlorinated and nonchlorinated 4-phenyl-tetrahydroquinoline derivatives. Originally developed as tacrine analogs with reduced hepatotoxicity, these compounds not only lacked hepatotoxicity but also displayed a remarkable hepatoprotective effect. Treatment with these derivatives notably prevented the chemically induced elevation of hepatic indicators associated with liver injury. Additionally, the compounds restored the activities of defense antioxidant enzymes as well as levels of inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-6), apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bcl2), and fibrogenic mediators (α-SMA and TGF-β) to normal levels. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of tetrahydroquinolines. Furthermore, computer-assisted simulation docking results were highly consistent with those of the observed in vivo activities. In conclusion, the designed tacrine analogs exhibited a hepatoprotective role in acute liver damage, possibly through their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani
A. Sorour
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Rania G. Aly
- Department
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria
University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Hanan M. Ragab
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Wahid
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
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Fareed MM, Khalid H, Khalid S, Shityakov S. Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Carbon Tetrachloride- Induced Hepatotoxicity: A Brief Systematic Review. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:1124-1134. [PMID: 37818557 DOI: 10.2174/0115665240257603230919103539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a critical role in metabolic processes, making it vulnerable to injury. Researchers often study carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in model organisms because it closely resembles human liver damage. This toxicity occurs due to the activation of various cytochromes, including CYP2E1, CYP2B1, CYP2B2, and possibly CYP3A, which produce the trichloromethyl radical (CCl3*). CCl3* can attach to biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, impairing lipid metabolism and leading to fatty degeneration. It can also combine with DNA to initiate hepatic carcinogenesis. When exposed to oxygen, CCl3* generates more reactive CCl3OO*, which leads to lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. At the molecular level, CCl4 induces the release of several inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and NO, which can either help or harm hepatotoxicity through cellular apoptosis. TGF-β contributes to fibrogenesis, while IL-6 and IL-10 aid in recovery by minimizing anti-apoptotic activity and directing cells toward regeneration. To prevent liver damage, different interventions can be employed, such as antioxidants, mitogenic agents, and the maintenance of calcium sequestration. Drugs that prevent CCl4- induced cytotoxicity and proliferation or enhance CYP450 activity may offer a protective response against hepatic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mazhar Fareed
- School of Science and Engineering, Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Laboratorio di Bioinformatica Applicata, Department of Biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Hina Khalid
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- School of Life Science and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Laboratory of Chemoinformatics, Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
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Siegmund D, Zaitseva O, Wajant H. Fn14 and TNFR2 as regulators of cytotoxic TNFR1 signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1267837. [PMID: 38020877 PMCID: PMC10657838 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1267837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor 1 (TNFR1), TNFR2 and fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) belong to the TNF receptor superfamily (TNFRSF). From a structural point of view, TNFR1 is a prototypic death domain (DD)-containing receptor. In contrast to other prominent death receptors, such as CD95/Fas and the two TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5, however, liganded TNFR1 does not instruct the formation of a plasma membrane-associated death inducing signaling complex converting procaspase-8 into highly active mature heterotetrameric caspase-8 molecules. Instead, liganded TNFR1 recruits the DD-containing cytoplasmic signaling proteins TRADD and RIPK1 and empowers these proteins to trigger cell death signaling by cytosolic complexes after their release from the TNFR1 signaling complex. The activity and quality (apoptosis versus necroptosis) of TNF-induced cell death signaling is controlled by caspase-8, the caspase-8 regulatory FLIP proteins, TRAF2, RIPK1 and the RIPK1-ubiquitinating E3 ligases cIAP1 and cIAP2. TNFR2 and Fn14 efficiently recruit TRAF2 along with the TRAF2 binding partners cIAP1 and cIAP2 and can thereby limit the availability of these molecules for other TRAF2/cIAP1/2-utilizing proteins including TNFR1. Accordingly, at the cellular level engagement of TNFR2 or Fn14 inhibits TNFR1-induced RIPK1-mediated effects reaching from activation of the classical NFκB pathway to induction of apoptosis and necroptosis. In this review, we summarize the effects of TNFR2- and Fn14-mediated depletion of TRAF2 and the cIAP1/2 on TNFR1 signaling at the molecular level and discuss the consequences this has in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Harald Wajant
- Division of Molecular Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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Therapeutic Potential of Capsaicin against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Damage. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12030911. [PMID: 36769559 PMCID: PMC9917381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12030911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CPM) is a classical alkylating agent used in different cancer chemotherapy regimens and is restricted due to severe adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity. Natural or plant-derived antioxidants such as capsaicin were utilized in this study to examine the hepatoprotective benefits against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity. The rats were divided into five groups: a normal control group, a toxic group (CPM), an intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. on the fourth day, a pretreated group with two doses of CPS (10 mg and 20 mg/kg b.w.) orally for six consecutive days, and an intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg b.w. on the fourth day of treatment. The fifth group was administered with the highest dose of CPS (20 mg/kg b.w.) orally for six consecutive days. After 24 h of administration of CPS, the rats were anesthetized, blood was collected, and the serum enzyme toxicity was evaluated. After the blood sampling and euthanasia of all the animals, the liver was isolated for further toxicity and histopathological examination. The results revealed that serum liver markers (AST, ALT, ALP, BLI) significantly increased after CPM administration, but were subsequently restored after CPS treatment with both doses. In addition, lipid peroxidation (MDA), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α), and apoptotic markers (Caspase-3) increased, and antioxidant enzymes (GSH, CAT, SOD) were significantly decreased after CPM administration, and it was re-established by CPS treatment. However, CPS effectively protected against the CPM-induced histopathological architects of liver tissues. In conclusion, CPS attenuates CPM-induced hepatotoxicity via modulating oxidative stress, apoptotic signals, and cytokine pathway. Therefore, CPS could play a significant role as a supplement during the chemotherapy of patients.
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Gong P, Yin K, Luo X, Gu J, Tan R, Wu Y, Li D. Tandem mass tag-based proteomics analysis reveals the multitarget mechanisms of Phyllanthus emblica against liver fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:989995. [PMID: 36313326 PMCID: PMC9606415 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.989995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phyllanthus emblica (PE), a traditional multiethnic herbal medicine, is commonly applied to treat liver diseases. Our previous study demonstrated that aqueous extract of PE (AEPE) could alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in vivo, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear. The present study was undertaken to clarify the multitarget mechanisms of PE in treating liver fibrosis by proteomics clues. A CCl4-induced liver fibrosis rat model was established. The anti-liver fibrosis effects of chemical fractions from AEPE were evaluated by serum biochemical indicators and pathological staining. Additionally, tandem mass tag (TMT) - based quantitative proteomics technology was used to detect the hepatic differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, gene ontology (GO) enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to perform bioinformatics analysis of DEPs. Western blot analysis was used to verify the key potential targets regulated by the effective fraction of AEPE. The low-molecular-weight fraction of AEPE (LWPE) was determined to be the optimal anti-liver fibrosis active fraction, that could significantly improve ALT, AST, HA, Col IV, PCIII, LN, Hyp levels and reduce the pathological fibrotic lesion of liver tissue in model rats. A total of 195 DEPs were screened after LWPE intervention. GO analysis showed that the DEPs were related mostly to extracellular matrix organization, actin binding, and extracellular exosomes. KEGG pathway analysis showed that DEPs are mainly related to ECM-receptor interactions, focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Combined with the GO, KEGG and Western blot results, COL1A2, ITGAV, TLR2, ACE, and PDGFRB may be potential targets for PE treatment of liver fibrosis. In conclusion, LWPE exerts therapeutic effects through multiple pathways and multiple targets regulation in the treatment of liver fibrosis. This study may provide proteomics clues for the continuation of research on liver fibrosis treatment with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puyang Gong
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kehuan Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomin Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Gu, ; Yan Wu,
| | - Rui Tan
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jian Gu, ; Yan Wu,
| | - Dapeng Li
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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RIPK1 in Liver Parenchymal Cells Limits Murine Hepatitis during Acute CCl4-Induced Liver Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137367. [PMID: 35806372 PMCID: PMC9266426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Some life-threatening acute hepatitis originates from drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury in mice is the widely used model of choice to study acute DILI, which pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis. Since the receptor interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1) is able to direct cell fate towards survival or death, it may potentially affect the pathological process of xenobiotic-induced liver damage. Two different mouse lines, either deficient for Ripk1 specifically in liver parenchymal cells (Ripk1LPC-KO) or for the kinase activity of RIPK1 (Ripk1K45A, kinase dead), plus their respective wild-type littermates (Ripk1fl/fl, Ripk1wt/wt), were exposed to single toxic doses of CCl4. This exposure led in similar injury in Ripk1K45A mice and their littermate controls. However, Ripk1LPC-KO mice developed more severe symptoms with massive hepatocyte apoptosis as compared to their littermate controls. A pretreatment with a TNF-α receptor decoy exacerbated liver apoptosis in both Ripk1fl/fl and Ripk1LPC-KO mice. Besides, a FasL antagonist promoted hepatocyte apoptosis in Ripk1fl/fl mice but reduced it in Ripk1LPC-KO mice. Thus, the scaffolding properties of RIPK1 protect hepatocytes from apoptosis during CCl4 intoxication. TNF-α and FasL emerged as factors promoting hepatocyte survival. These protective effects appeared to be independent of RIPK1, at least in part, for TNF-α, but dependent on RIPK1 for FasL. These new data complete the deciphering of the molecular mechanisms involved in DILI in the context of research on their prevention or cure.
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Masubuchi Y, Ihara A. Protection of mice against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury by endogenous and exogenous estrogens. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 46:100460. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Almishri W, Swain LA, D'Mello C, Le TS, Urbanski SJ, Nguyen HH. ADAM Metalloproteinase Domain 17 Regulates Cholestasis-Associated Liver Injury and Sickness Behavior Development in Mice. Front Immunol 2022; 12:779119. [PMID: 35095853 PMCID: PMC8793775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.779119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 (ADAM17) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane-bound enzyme that mediates shedding of a wide variety of important regulators in inflammation including cytokines and adhesion molecules. Hepatic expression of numerous cytokines and adhesion molecules are increased in cholestatic liver diseases including primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), however, the pathophysiological role of ADAM17 in regulating these conditions remains unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the role of ADAM17 in a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury due to bile duct ligation (BDL). We found that BDL enhanced hepatic ADAM17 protein expression, paralleled by increased ADAM17 bioactivity. Moreover, inhibition of ADAM17 bioactivity with the specific inhibitor DPC 333 significantly improved both biochemical and histological evidence of liver damage in BDL mice. Patients with cholestatic liver disease commonly experience adverse behavioral symptoms, termed sickness behaviors. Similarly, BDL in mice induces reproducible sickness behavior development, driven by the upregulated expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules that are in turn regulated by ADAM17 activity. Indeed, inhibition of ADAM17 activity significantly ameliorated BDL-associated sickness behavior development. In translational studies, we evaluated changes in ADAM17 protein expression in liver biopsies obtained from patients with PBC and PSC, compared to normal control livers. PSC and PBC patients demonstrated increased hepatic ADAM17 expression in hepatocytes, cholangiocytes and in association with liver-infiltrating immune cells compared to normal controls. In summary, cholestatic liver injury in mice and humans is associated with increased hepatic ADAM17 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of ADAM17 activity improves both cholestatic liver injury and associated sickness behavior development, suggesting that ADAM17 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for treating patients with PBC/PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdi Almishri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Liam A Swain
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte D'Mello
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tyson S Le
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Stefan J Urbanski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Henry H Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Shalaby MA, Elbanna HA, Mohamed SM, Nabil GA, Elbanna AH. In-depth hepatoprotective mechanistic study of Echinacea purpurea flowers: In vitro and in vivo studies. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/jhp.2022.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Echinacea purpurea is a flowering plant commonly used as an herbal medicine despite insufficient scientific bases to validate its usage. The present study aimed to examine in vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. purpurea flowers. Methods: In vitro protection against hepato-cytotoxicity was carried out on human HepG-2 cells using colorimetric tetrazolium (MTT) assay, while the in vivo hepatoprotective activity was studied against carbon-tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: The results revealed that the extracts of E. purpurea induced discernable in vitro protection on HepG-2 cells and in vivo against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity. Both extracts were significantly able to restore the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, and albumin to normal levels compared to the CCl4 intoxicated group. In addition, the extracts markedly mitigated the oxidative stress by decreasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) markers compared to the CCl4 intoxicated group. It was also associated with the down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in liver tissues. Histopathological examination revealed a decrease in hepatocytes’ degenerative changes and noticeable improvement of the liver damage by extracts of E. purpurea. Conclusion: These findings have proven that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of E. purpurea flowers have a significant hepatoprotective effect, probably owing to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating apoptotic-related genes. This confirms the ethnomedicinal uses of E. purpurea in patients suffering from liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossny Awad Elbanna
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Ghazal A Nabil
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hossny Elbanna
- Pharmacology Department, Michael Sayegh Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Jordan
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The Ameliorative Effects of Saikosaponin in Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111383. [PMID: 34768813 PMCID: PMC8583725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders are a major health concern. Saikosaponin-d (SSd) is an effective active ingredient extracted from Bupleurum falcatum, a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, its hepatoprotective properties and underlying mechanisms are unknown. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of SSd treatment for thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver injury and high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in male C57BL/6 mice. The SSd group showed significantly higher food intake, body weight, and hepatic antioxidative enzymes (catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and lower hepatic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) compared with controls, as well as reduced expression of inflammation-related genes (nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)) messenger RNA (mRNA). In NAFLD mice, SSd reduced serum ALT, AST, triglycerides, fatty acid–binding protein 4 (FABP4) and sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-related proteins (phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (p-eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). SSd has a hepatoprotective effect in liver injury by suppressing inflammatory responses and acting as an antioxidant.
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Eser N, Yoldas A, Turk A, Kalaycı Yigin A, Yalcin A, Cicek M. Ameliorative effects of garlic oil on FNDC5 and irisin sensitivity in liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:824-834. [PMID: 33739409 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed to investigate the effects of garlic oil (GO), an important natural constituent used in alleviating diabetes and its complications, on the expression levels of irisin and related genes. METHODS Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups: Control, Diabetes-Control, Diabetes+GO 100 mg/kg/day and Control+GO 100 mg/kg/day for 45 days. The measurements included: changes in liver Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-coactivator (PGC)-1α, Fibronectin Type-III-Domain-Containing5 (FNDC5), irisin expression, mRNA expression of p38 and TNF-α (Tumour necrosis factor-α), total-antioxidant-status (L-TAS; S-TAS), total-oxidant-status (L-TOS; S-TOS) in liver and serum, respectively. KEY FINDINGS There was a significant reduction in serum levels of irisin and S-TAS and expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in liver in Diabetes-control compared to Control-group, while a significant increase in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and TOS, also p38 and TNF-α expressions in liver. In Diabetes+GO group, there was a significant increase in serum irisin and S-TAS, also expression of PGC-1α and FNDC5 in liver, while serum FBG, S-TOS levels, and mRNA expression of p38 and TNF-α in liver were decreased compared to Diabetes-control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS GO alleviated the diabetic liver injury by decreasing Oxidative-Stress parameters and regulation PGC-lα, FNDC5, irisin and P38, keeping the balance of TAS/TOS and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadire Eser
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Atila Yoldas
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Turk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalaycı Yigin
- Department of Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Yalcin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cicek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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Aly O, Abouelfadl DM, Shaker OG, Hegazy GA, Fayez AM, Zaki HH. Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract on TNF-α and TGF-β expression in acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in rats. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-020-00106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It has been reported that Moringa oleifera (MO) has different medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective role of Moringa oleifera extract on acetaminophen-induced liver fibrosis in albino rats on a biochemical and histological basis. Forty male albino rats were divided into four groups: group I (control group), healthy rates; group II (acetaminophen group), rates received acetaminophen for induction of liver fibrosis; group III (treated group), liver fibrosis of rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract; and group IV (prophylactic group), rates treated with Moringa oleifera extract before and after induction of liver fibrosis. Serum liver function parameters were quantified using a spectrophotometer, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and transformed growth factor beta (TGF- β) in liver tissue homogenate by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and expression of liver tissue TNF-α and TGF-genes was measured by real-time PCR after extraction and purification. Hepatic tissue was also evaluated under a microscope for histopathological changes.
Results
Our results showed a significant decrease in liver enzymes, TNF-α, and TGF-β in the treated and prophylactic groups compared to the acetaminophen group, and our biochemical data were consistent with the histopathological findings confirming the hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera extract.
Conclusions
Biochemical parameters and histopathology results provide evidence that Moringa oleifera ethanolic extract has a great potential to prevent and improve liver damage due to its protective activity.
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Abdel Fattah ME, Sobhy HM, Reda A, Abdelrazek HMA. Hepatoprotective effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aquatic extract against lead acetate-induced liver injury in male Wistar rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43028-43043. [PMID: 32725563 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Current research was performed to explore the hepatoprotective potential of Moringa oleifera leaves extract on lead acetate-induced hepatic injury. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided equally into 4 groups. The first group was control, while the second, third, and fourth groups were given 200 mg/kg aqueous Moringa extract only, 100 mg/kg lead only, and 100 mg/kg lead plus 200 mg/kg aqueous Moringa leaves extract, respectively, via oral gavage for 4 weeks. Weight gain and feed efficiency ratio were recorded. Serum lipid profiles, liver enzyme activities, and proteins beside hepatic superoxide dismutase activity, reduced glutathione, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation were assessed. Liver histopathological examination and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) immunohistochemistry were performed. Administration of lead lowered (P < 0.05) weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, and perturbed lipid profile than control. Lead increased liver enzyme activities and TNF-α, while reduced serum proteins and hepatic antioxidant markers compared to control. Lead aggravated hepatic DNA fragmentation beside the presence of histopathological lesions. Co-administration of aqueous Moringa extract with lead significantly alleviated lead-induced adverse effects. The administration of aqueous Moringa extract with its antioxidant significantly restored the lead perturbations through reduction of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage via amelioration of NF-kB and TNF-α which kept hepatocyte integrity and reduced serum hepatic enzyme activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohy E Abdel Fattah
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hanan M Sobhy
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Deficiency, Animal Health research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Areeg Reda
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Deficiency, Animal Health research Institute, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Heba M A Abdelrazek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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Sepulveda-Crespo D, Resino S, Martinez I. Innate Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus: Targets for Vaccine Adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020313. [PMID: 32560440 PMCID: PMC7350220 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite successful treatments, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections continue to be a significant world health problem. High treatment costs, the high number of undiagnosed individuals, and the difficulty to access to treatment, particularly in marginalized susceptible populations, make it improbable to achieve the global control of the virus in the absence of an effective preventive vaccine. Current vaccine development is mostly focused on weakly immunogenic subunits, such as surface glycoproteins or non-structural proteins, in the case of HCV. Adjuvants are critical components of vaccine formulations that increase immunogenic performance. As we learn more information about how adjuvants work, it is becoming clear that proper stimulation of innate immunity is crucial to achieving a successful immunization. Several hepatic cell types participate in the early innate immune response and the subsequent inflammation and activation of the adaptive response, principally hepatocytes, and antigen-presenting cells (Kupffer cells, and dendritic cells). Innate pattern recognition receptors on these cells, mainly toll-like receptors, are targets for new promising adjuvants. Moreover, complex adjuvants that stimulate different components of the innate immunity are showing encouraging results and are being incorporated in current vaccines. Recent studies on HCV-vaccine adjuvants have shown that the induction of a strong T- and B-cell immune response might be enhanced by choosing the right adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador Resino
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.M.); Tel.: +34-91-8223266 (S.R.); +34-91-8223272 (I.M.); Fax: +34-91-5097919 (S.R. & I.M.)
| | - Isidoro Martinez
- Correspondence: (S.R.); (I.M.); Tel.: +34-91-8223266 (S.R.); +34-91-8223272 (I.M.); Fax: +34-91-5097919 (S.R. & I.M.)
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Amini M, Saboory E, Pourheydar B, Bagheri M, Naderi R. Involvement of endocannabinoid system, inflammation and apoptosis in diabetes induced liver injury: Role of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 79:106158. [PMID: 31926479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Confident relationships between diabetes andliver damagehave previously been established. This study was designed to evaluate hepaticinflammation, apoptosis, and endocannabinoid system alterations in diabetes with or withouttropisetrontreatment. Rats were assigned to five equal groups: control, tropisetron, diabetes, tropisetron+diabetes, and glibenclamide+diabetes (n = 7 in each group). Rats were treated with tropisetron (3 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (1 mg/kg) as a positive control for two weeks after type 1 diabetes induction.Inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin 6 (TNF-α and IL-6) levels, apoptotic cells, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme, at both transcriptional and protein levels increased, while the gene expression of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and its protein level decreased in the diabetic liver compared to the control. Treatment with tropisetron reversed TNF-α, apoptotic index, and endocannabinoid system components. These effects were equipotent with glibenclamide, indicating that tropisetroncan protect liver tissue against diabetic disturbances. These findings strongly support the idea that diabetes-induced liver abnormality is mediated by inflammatory reactions, apoptosis, and endocannabinoid system, and that these effects can be alleviated by using tropisetron as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amini
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saboory
- Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bagher Pourheydar
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Morteza Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Roya Naderi
- Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Shan Y, Jiang B, Yu J, Wang J, Wang X, Li H, Wang C, Chen J, Sun J. Protective Effect of Schisandra chinensis Polysaccharides Against the Immunological Liver Injury in Mice Based on Nrf2/ARE and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. J Med Food 2019; 22:885-895. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Shan
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory, Jilin People's Hospital, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahui Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaye Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - He Li
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
| | | | - Jinghui Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin, China
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Han C, Wei Y, Wang X, Cui Y, Bao Y, Shi W. Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharides protect against lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by regulating NF-κb and Nrf2 pathway in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2019.1652250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Cui
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongzhan Bao
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wanyu Shi
- College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, People’s Republic of China
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Ribera J, Rodríguez-Vita J, Cordoba B, Portolés I, Casals G, Casals E, Jiménez W, Puntes V, Morales-Ruiz M. Functionalized cerium oxide nanoparticles mitigate the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory activity associated to the portal vein endothelium of cirrhotic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218716. [PMID: 31233564 PMCID: PMC6590813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The occurrence of endothelial alterations in the liver and in the splanchnic vasculature of cirrhotic patients and experimental models of liver diseases has been demonstrated. However, the pathological role of the portal vein endothelium in this clinical context is scarcely studied and, therefore, deserves attention. In this context, we aimed to investigate whether pathological endothelial activation occurs in the portal vein of cirrhotic rats. METHODS Cirrhosis was induced in wistar rats by CCl4 inhalation. We generated immortalized endothelial cells from the portal vein of control (CT-iPVEC) and cirrhotic rats (CH-iPVEC) by retroviral transduction of the SV40 T antigen. We assessed differential gene expression and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in iPVECs and in portal veins of control and cirrhotic rats. Finally, we assessed the therapeutic effectiveness of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NP) on reversing PVEC activation and macrophage polarization. RESULTS CH-iPVECs overexpressed collagen-I, endothelin-1, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, IL-6 and PlGF genes. These results were consistent with the differential expression showed by whole portal veins from cirrhotic rats. In addition, CH-iPVECs showed a significant increase in intracellular ROS and the capacity of potentiating M1 polarization in macrophages. The treatment of CH-iPVECs with CeO2NPs blocked intracellular ROS formation and IL-6 and TIMP-2 gene overexpression. In agreement with the in vitro results, the chronic treatment of cirrhotic rats with CeO2NPs also resulted in the blockade of both ROS formation and IL-6 gene overexpression in whole portal veins. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cells from portal vein of cirrhotic rats depicted an abnormal phenotype characterized by a differential gene expression and the induction of M1 polarization in macrophages. We identified the excess of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a major contributor to this altered phenotype. In addition, we demonstrated the utility of the nanomaterial cerium oxide as an effective antioxidant capable of reverse some of these pathological features associated with the portal vein in the cirrhosis condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribera
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Rodríguez-Vita
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernat Cordoba
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Portolés
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gregori Casals
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eudald Casals
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Jiménez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanotechnology (ICN), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manuel Morales-Ruiz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedicine-Biochemistry Unit, School of Medicine University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
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Hartanto S, Ko HS, Jee SH, Kang JU, Seo JS, Kang YH, Kim HN, Ohh SJ. Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat-stress tolerance-related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1160-1167. [PMID: 31050054 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat-type KNCs (Hanhyup-3, 4-week-old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6-week feeding trial. During overall period (0-6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0-3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3-hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat-stress tolerance of the chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slamet Hartanto
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, North Maluku, Indonesia
| | - Han Seo Ko
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Jee
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ji Ung Kang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jee Soo Seo
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yu Hyun Kang
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hee Na Kim
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Jip Ohh
- College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Safhi MM, Alam MF, Sivakumar SM, Anwer T. Hepatoprotective Potential of Sargassum muticum against STZ-Induced Diabetic Liver Damage in Wistar Rats by Inhibiting Cytokines and the Apoptosis Pathway. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:7958701. [PMID: 30937278 PMCID: PMC6415279 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7958701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver inflammation and necrosis are the foremost problems interlinked with diabetes mellitus (DM). The methanolic extract of Sargassum muticum (MESM) plays a hepatoprotective role in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced hepatic injury. In this study, STZ exposure induced diabetes that augmented hepatic damage, which was reflected in serum enzyme markers, the cytokine network, and caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels in Group 2. Exposure to the MESM tremendously modulated the levels of hepatic enzyme markers ALP, ACP, ALT, and AST in Groups 3 and 4. The cytokine network was well regulated by suppressing the release of cytokines, and the levels of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also reduced in Groups 3 and 4. The present study suggests that MESM treatment at 200 and 500 mg protected the liver and also minimizes the glucose level. Thus, the MESM plays a key role in rejuvenating the liver and can modulate diabetes's pathogenic effect by reducing the glucose level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Safhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Firoz Alam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tarique Anwer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Yang Y, Tu ZK, Liu XK, Zhang P. Mononuclear phagocyte system in hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4962-4973. [PMID: 30510371 PMCID: PMC6262249 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i44.4962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), which consists of monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages, plays a vital role in the innate immune defense against pathogens. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is efficient in evading the host immunity, thereby facilitating its development into chronic infection. Chronic HCV infection is the leading cause of end-stage liver diseases, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Acquired immune response was regarded as the key factor to eradicate HCV. However, innate immunity can regulate the acquired immune response. Innate immunity-derived cytokines shape the adaptive immunity by regulating T-cell differentiation, which determines the outcome of acute HCV infection. Inhibition of HCV-specific T-cell responses is one of the most important strategies for immune system evasion. It is meaningful to illustrate the role of innate immune response in HCV infection. With the MPS being the important factor in innate immunity, therefore, understanding the role of the MPS in HCV infection will shed light on the pathophysiology of chronic HCV infection. In this review, we outline the impact of HCV infection on the MPS and cytokine production. We discuss how HCV is detected by the MPS and describe the function and impairment of MPS components in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Tu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130061, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xing-Kai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin Province, China
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26
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Qinna NA, Ghanim BY. Chemical induction of hepatic apoptosis in rodents. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:178-190. [PMID: 30350376 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The urge of identifying new pharmacological interventions to prevent or attenuate liver injury is of critical importance and needs an expanded experimental toolbox. Hepatocyte injury and cellular death is a prominent feature behind the pathology of liver diseases. Several research activities focused on identifying chemicals and hepatotoxicants that induce cell death by apoptosis, in addition to presenting its corresponding signaling pathway. Although such efforts provided further understanding of the mechanisms of cell death, it has also raised confusion concerning identifying the involvement of several modes of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis and fibrosis. The current review highlights the ability of several chemicals and potential hepatotoxicants to induce liver damage in rodents by means of apoptosis while the probable involvement of other modes of cell death is also exposed. Thus, several chemical substances including hepatotoxins, mycotoxins, hyperglycemia inducers, metallic nanoparticles and immunosuppressant drugs are reviewed to explore the hepatic cytotoxic spectrum they could exert on hepatocytes of rodents. In addition, the current review address the mechanism by which hepatotoxicity is initiated in hepatocytes in different rodents aiding the researcher in choosing the right animal model for a better research outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidal A Qinna
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Y Ghanim
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPPC), Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
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27
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Multifunctional carbamazepine loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulation. Int J Pharm 2018; 550:359-371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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28
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Liu W, Wang Z, Hou JG, Zhou YD, He YF, Jiang S, Wang YP, Ren S, Li W. The Liver Protection Effects of Maltol, a Flavoring Agent, on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Inhibiting Apoptosis and Inflammatory Response. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092120. [PMID: 30142916 PMCID: PMC6225187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate whether maltol could protect from hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in vivo by inhibition of apoptosis and inflammatory responses. In this work, maltol was administered at a level of 100 mg/kg for 15 days prior to exposure to a single injection of CCl4 (0.25%, i.p.). The results clearly indicated that the intrapulmonary injection of CCl4 resulted in a sharp increase in serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) activities, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), irreducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels. Histopathological examination demonstrated severe hepatocyte necrosis and the destruction of architecture in liver lesions. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis suggested an accumulation of iNOS, NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-α expression. Maltol, when administered to mice for 15 days, can significantly improve these deleterious changes. In addition, TUNEL and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that a liver cell nucleus of a model group diffused uniform fluorescence following CCl4 injection. Maltol pretreatment groups did not show significant cell nuclear condensation and fragmentation, indicating that maltol inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis. By evaluating the liver catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and further using a single agent to evaluate the oxidative stress in CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity by immunofluorescence staining, maltol dramatically attenuated the reduction levels of hepatic CAT, GSH and SOD, and the over-expression levels of CYP2E1 and HO-1. In the mouse model of CCl4-induced liver injury, we have demonstrated that the inflammatory responses were inhibited, the serum levels of ALT and AST were reduced, cell apoptosis was suppressed, and liver injury caused by CCl4 was alleviated by maltol, demonstrating that maltol may be an efficient hepatoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
| | - Yan-Dan Zhou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Yu-Fang He
- College of Management, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, China.
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29
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Marchyshak T, Yakovenko T, Shmarakov I, Tkachuk Z. The Potential Protective Effect of Oligoribonucleotides-d-Mannitol Complexes against Thioacetamide-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030077. [PMID: 30082619 PMCID: PMC6161262 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the potential hepatoprotective effect of oligoribonucleotides-d-mannitol complexes (ORNs-d-M) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The hepatoprotective activity of ORNs-d-M was evaluated in thioacetamide (TAA)-treated C57BL/6J. Results indicate that treatment with ORNs-d-M displayed a protective effect at the TAA-induced liver injury. Treatment with ORNs-d-M, starting at 0 h after the administration of TAA, decreased TAA-elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and levels of glutathione (GSH), were enhanced with ORNs-d-M administration, while the hepatic oxidative biomarkers (TBA-reactive substances, protein carbonyl derivatives, protein-SH group) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were reduced. Furthermore, genetic analysis has shown that the ORNs-d-M decreases the expression of mRNA pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), profibrogenic cytokine-transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), as well as the principal protein of the extracellular matrix—collagen I. The present study demonstrates that ORNs-d-M exerts a protective effect against TAA-induced liver injury, which may be associated with its anti-inflammatory effects, inhibition of overexpression of mRNA cytokines, and direct effects on the metabolism of the toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Marchyshak
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Tetiana Yakovenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
| | - Igor Shmarakov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, 58012 Chernivtsi, Ukraine.
| | - Zenoviy Tkachuk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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30
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Salmeia KA, Flaig F, Rentsch D, Gaan S. One-Pot Synthesis of P( O)-N Containing Compounds Using N-Chlorosuccinimide and Their Influence in Thermal Decomposition of PU Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E740. [PMID: 30960665 PMCID: PMC6403897 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of intermediate containing P(O)-Cl bonds is the key to converting P(O)-H bonds to P(O)-N. In this work we have performed chlorination reactions of different H-phosphinates and H-phosphonates using N-chlorosuccinimide as an environmentally-benign chlorinating agent. The chlorination reaction showed high yield and high selectivity for transformation of P(O)-H bonds into P(O)-Cl analogues, resulting in an easily separable succinimide as the by-product. Using a one-pot synthesis methodology, we have synthesized a series of P(O)-N containing derivatives whose synthesis was found to be dependent on the reaction solvents and the starting materials. The synthesized P(O)-N compounds were incorporated in flexible polyurethane foam (FPUF) and screened for their influence in thermal decomposition of FPUFs using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). All solid P(O)-N compounds influenced the first-stage decomposition of FPUFs, which resulted in an accelerated decomposition or temporary stabilization of this stage. However, the liquid P(O)-N derivatives volatilize at an earlier stage and could be active in the gas phase. In addition, they also work in condensed phase via acid catalyzed decomposition for FPUFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifah A Salmeia
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Florence Flaig
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced Fibers, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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31
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Sekkien A, Swilam N, Ebada SS, Esmat A, El-Khatib AH, Linscheid MW, Singab AN. Polyphenols from Tamarix nilotica: LC⁻ESI-MS n Profiling and In Vivo Antifibrotic Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E1411. [PMID: 29891794 PMCID: PMC6100050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (Tamaricaceae), an indigenous plant to the Middle East region, is well-known as a medicinal plant for treating many human ailments. The current study aimed at exploring the polyphenol profile of the alcohol soluble fraction of aqueous T. nilotica extract, assessing its in vivo antifibrotic activity and the possible underlying mechanism, to unravel the impact of quantitative difference of sulphated polyphenols content on the antifibrotic activity of T. nilotca grown in two different habitats. Polyphenol profiling of T. nilotica extracts was performed using HPLC-HRESI-QTOF-MS-MS. The major polyphenol components included sulphated flavonoids, phenolic acids and free aglycones. The antifibrotic activity was evaluated through carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Biochemical evaluations revealed that both fractions ameliorated the increased levels of hepatic aminotransferases, lipid peroxidation, hydroxyproline, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, both fractions reduced catalase activity (CAT) and enhanced hepatic glutathione (GSH) content. Histopathological imaging undoubtedly confirmed such results. In conclusion, the T. nilotica polyphenol-rich fraction exhibited potential antifibrotic activity in rats. Significant alterations in GSH levels were recorded based on the sulphated polyphenol metabolite content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Sekkien
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Noha Swilam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo 11837, Egypt.
| | - Sherif S Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Michael W Linscheid
- Laboratory of Applied Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10099 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Abdel Nasser Singab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Kakisaka K, Yoshida Y, Suzuki Y, Sato T, Kuroda H, Miyasaka A, Takikawa Y. Serum markers for mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death are possible predictive indicators for drug-induced liver injury by direct acting antivirals. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:78-86. [PMID: 28304119 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM We prospectively screened patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAA) in order to detect and analyze serum markers that are present prior to the development of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). METHODS The levels of various serum markers among DILI, non-DILI and control groups were compared. The DILI group consisted of eight patients whose alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels exceeded 32 IU/L during the DAA treatment. Eight patients without DILI were selected for the non-DILI group via a matched-group design based on age, sex and disease severity. Additionally, eight healthy volunteers were employed as the controls. Serum measurements of cytokines/chemokines, cytokeratin-18 fragment (CK-18F) and super oxidase dismutase-2 (SOD2) were evaluated on the date at which hepatitis C virus RNA was absent (baseline). For patients with DILI, serum measurements taken before treatment, 1 week before pronounced transaminase elevation (prominence-1 W) and on the date at which pronounced elevation of transaminase occurred (prominence) were also evaluated. RESULTS All patients treated with DAA had normalized transaminase levels at baseline. In patients with DILI, interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) levels were higher at prominence-1 W than at baseline. Those patients also had significantly higher levels of SOD2 and CK-18F at prominence-1 W than at baseline. CONCLUSION Elevated IP-10 may be a preconditioning chemokine for DAA-induced liver injury, and damage markers associated with cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction are potential predictive serum markers for DILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Kakisaka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Yoshida
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Kuroda
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Akio Miyasaka
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takikawa
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Japan
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Gan F, Liu Q, Liu Y, Huang D, Pan C, Song S, Huang K. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides improve CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis, inflammatory response and TLRs/NF-kB signaling pathway expression in wistar rats. Life Sci 2017; 192:205-212. [PMID: 29196051 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) have multiple biological and pharmacological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. This research was conducted to evaluate whether LBPs could alleviate carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis and the underlying signaling pathway mechanism. Fifty male wistar rats were randomly allocated to five groups (n=10): control, CCl4 and CCl4 with 400, 800 or 1600mg/kg LBPs, respectively. Each wistar rat from each group was used for blood and tissue collections at the end of experiment. The results showed that CCl4 induced liver fibrosis as demonstrated by increasing histopathological damage, α-smooth muscle actin expression, aspartate transaminase activities, alkaline phosphatase activities and alanine aminotransferase activities. LBPs supplementation alleviated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis as demonstrated by reversing the above parameters. In addition, CCl4 treatment induced the oxidative injury, increased the mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-1β, and up-regulated the protein expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2, myeloid differentiation factor 88, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) and p-p65. LBPs supplementation alleviated CCl4-induced oxidative injury, inflammatory response and TLRs/NF-kB signaling pathway expression by reversing the above some parameters. These results suggest that the alleviating effects of LBPs on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in wistar rats may be through inhibiting the TLRs/NF-kB signaling pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Gan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunhuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Cuiling Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suquan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kehe Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu Province, China.
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34
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Eltahir HM, Nazmy MH. Esomeprazole ameliorates CCl 4 induced liver fibrosis in rats via modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:1356-1365. [PMID: 29156525 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic fibrosis is a major health problem that requires further medical attention. Proton pump inhibitors are proven to possess other therapeutic potentials apart of their acid anti-secretory actions. AIM OF THE WORK To test possible anti-fibrotic effect of esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate in management of liver fibrosis compared to silymarin, the well-known hepatoprotective agent. MATERIALS & METHODS 40 male albino rats were divided into 4 groups: normal control group; CCl4-treated group (1 mL/kg 40% CCl4, diluted in olive oil) I.P twice weekly for 6 weeks; esomeprazole-treated group (30 mg/kg body weight); and Silymarin-treated group (100 mg/kg body weight). Both esomeprazole and silymarin were given orally daily for two weeks after the last CCl4 dose. Serum and tissue samples were assessed for histopathological and biochemical analyses. RESULTS Esomeprazole reversed hepatocellular damage, improved liver integrity, corrected major histopathological disturbances induced by CCl4 and lowered fibrosis scoring. It also improved anti-oxidant capacity and attenuated lipid peroxidation. Esomeprazole treatment resulted in down-regulation of hepatic pro-apoptotic Bax and up-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein expressions. In addition, it resulted in inhibition of TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-6 -mediated inflammatory responses, and retrieval of the epithelial marker e-cadherin. CONCLUSION Esomeprazole confers significant anti-fibrotic actions. Further study is needed to elucidate other probable mechanisms for this effect and to test their anti-fibrotic potential clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Eltahir
- Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maiiada H Nazmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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Koh EK, Kim JE, Song SH, Sung JE, Lee HA, Kim KS, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Ethanol extracts collected from the Styela clava tunic alleviate hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4) through inhibition of hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. J Toxicol Pathol 2017; 30:291-306. [PMID: 29097839 PMCID: PMC5660951 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Styela clava tunic (SCT) is known as a good raw material for preparing anti-inflammatory compounds, wound healing films, guided bone regeneration, and food additives. To investigate whether ethanol extracts of the SCT (EtSCT) could protect against hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in ICR mice, alterations in serum biochemical indicators, histopathology, hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis were observed in ICR mice pretreated with EtSCT for 5 days before CCl4 injection. EtSCT contained 15.6 mg/g of flavonoid and 37.5 mg/g phenolic contents with high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (93.3%) and metal chelation activity (46.5%). The EtSCT+CCl4-treated groups showed decreased levels of ALT, LDH, and AST, indicating toxicity and a necrotic area in the liver, while the level of ALP remained constant. The formation of active caspase-3 and enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 expression was effectively inhibited in the EtSCT+CCl4-treated groups. Furthermore, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the phosphorylation of p38 in the TNF-α downstream signaling pathway rapidly recovered in the EtSCT+CCl4-treated groups. The EtSCT+CCl4-treated groups showed a significant decrease in hepatic fibrosis markers including collagen accumulation, MMP-2 expression, TGF-β1 concentration, and phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Moreover, a significant decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were observed in the EtSCT+CCl4-treated groups. Taken together, these results indicate that EtSCT can protect against hepatic injury induced by CCl4-derived reactive intermediates through the suppression of hepatic apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyoung Koh
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Kim
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwa Song
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
| | - Kil Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 1268-50 Samnangjin-ro, Samnangjin-eup, Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463, Republic of Korea
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Study of Protective Effects of Gold Nano Particles on the Liver Toxicity Induced by Carbon-Tetrachloride (CCl4) in Male Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/zjrms.9293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lana JP, Martins LB, Oliveira MCD, Menezes-Garcia Z, Yamada LTP, Vieira LQ, Teixeira MM, Ferreira AVM. TNF and IL-18 cytokines may regulate liver fat storage under homeostasis conditions. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 41:1295-1302. [PMID: 27863204 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammation induced by obesogenic diets is associated with deposition of fat in the liver. On the other hand, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies may impact in body fat storage and in liver lipid dynamics. It is important to study specific inflammatory mediators in this context, since their role on hepatic damage is not fully clarified. This study aimed to evaluate the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor in liver dysfunction induced by diet. Male C57BL/6 wild-type (WT), IL-18, and TNF receptor 1 knockout mice (IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/-) were divided according to the experimental diets: chow diet or a high-refined carbohydrate-containing diet. Alanine aminotransferase was quantified by colorimetric analysis. Total fat content in the liver was determined by Folch methods. Levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in liver samples were measured by ELISA assay. IL-18 and TNFR knockout mice fed with chow diet showed higher liver triglycerides deposition than WT mice fed with the same diet (WT: 131.9 ± 24.5; IL-18-/-: 239.4 ± 38.12*; TNF-/-: 179.6 ± 50.45*; *P < 0.01). Furthermore, these animals also showed a worse liver histopathological score and lower levels of TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-13 in the liver. Interestingly, treatment with a high-carbohydrate diet did not exacerbate liver damage in IL-18-/- and TNFR1-/- mice. Our data suggest that IL-18 and TNF may be involved on hepatic homeostasis mainly in a context of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Pereira Lana
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Laís Bhering Martins
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marina Chaves de Oliveira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Zélia Menezes-Garcia
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Leda Quercia Vieira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
- a Nursing School, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,b Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Obeticholic acid protects against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury and inflammation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2017; 314:39-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Askari FK, Dick R, Mao M, Brewer GJ. Tetrathiomolybdate Therapy Protects Against Concanavalin a and Carbon Tetrachloride Hepatic Damage in Mice. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 229:857-63. [PMID: 15337842 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrathiomolybdate, an anticopper drug, has been shown to protect mice against pulmonary fibrosis from bleomycin. Our hypothesis is that it does so by inhibiting fibrosis-inducing cytokines. Indeed, we have good evidence, not yet published, that tetrathiomolybdate inhibits pulmonary levels of transforming growth factor–β and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in these bleomycin experiments. Herein, we evaluate tetrathiomolybdate's effectiveness in mitigating hepatitis and fibrosis in mice from the hepatotoxins, concanavalin A and carbon tetrachloride, and its inhibition of cytokines as a possible mechanism. In short-term experiments, concanavalin A elevated serum amino leucine transferase levels several fold, and tetrathiomolybdate completely prevented this increase. In additional experiments, tetrathiomolybdate therapy reversed the elevated serum transaminase levels despite continued concanavalin A injections, with nearly significant serum interleukin-1β inhibition. Concanavalin A given for 12 weeks produced mild fibrosis, whereas concomitant tetrathiomolybdate treatment resulted in normal histology. Carbon tetrachloride given for 12 weeks resulted in very high serum amino leucine transferase levels, high serum transforming growth factor–β levels, cirrhosis as seen histologically, and increase in liver hydroxyproline, a measure of fibrosis. Concomitant tetrathiomolybdate partially and significantly protected against increases in amino leucine transferase and transforming growth factor–β, fully protected against the increase in hydroxyproline, and resulted in normal histology. In conclusion, tetrathiomolybdate protects against the hepatitis and fibrosis produced by these hepatotoxins, probably by inhibiting the excessive increase in inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred K Askari
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Ali H, Kabir N, Shah MR, Muhammad A, Ali S, Mehmood S, Ali A, Ali A, Jahan A. Hepatoprotective activity of viscosine is mediated by attenuation of hepatic macrophages and iNOS expression in CCl 4-intoxicated rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1688-1698. [PMID: 30090468 DOI: 10.1039/c6tx00165c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the molecular mechanism(s) of the protective effects of a C-alkylated flavonoid, viscosine on an animal model of CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. Viscosine at 20, 50 and 100 mg kg-1 was orally administered in a dose dependent manner per day for 3 days before the CCl4 (1 : 1 v/v in olive oil, 1 ml kg-1) treatment and 2 days after the treatment. Hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST, and ALP) that occur after CCl4 injury, and by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. The rise in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in CCl4-intoxicated rats was markedly suppressed by viscosine in a concentration dependent manner. The decrease in the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzyme, SOD, was significantly prevented by viscosine, likewise gradually the levels of MDA and GSH were also normalized compared to silymarin. Viscosine also reduced the CCl4-induced damaged area from 2% to 0% as assessed by histopathology and prevented the mixed inflammatory infiltrate. Viscosine attenuated the inflammation in the liver around the injured central vein region by downregulating the CCl4 induced activation of hepatic CD68+ macrophages, thereby reducing their number as well. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was more potentially suppressed by viscosine compared to the FDA approved positive control silymarin. The results of this study indicate that viscosine could be effective in protecting the liver from acute CCl4-induced injury. The hepatoprotective mechanisms of viscosine may be related to the free radical scavenging and attenuation of oxidative stress, as well as to the inhibition of inflammatory response in the liver. Here, we are proposing a novel mechanism of action of viscosine and suggesting that it may be a safe and better in vivo antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Ali
- Department of Biosciences , COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Park road , Chack Shehzad , Islamabad-44000 , Pakistan . ; ; ; Tel: +3329408516 ; Tel: +(03) 7967-4213.,Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Nurul Kabir
- Institute of Biological Sciences , Faculty of Science , University of Malaya , 50603 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Sciences , Mugla Sitki Kocman University , Kotekli-48121 , Mugla , Turkey.,HEJ , Research Institute of Chemistry , International Center for Chemical Sciences (ICCBS) , University of Karachi , Karachi-75270 , Pakistan
| | - Safdar Ali
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences , Nilore , 45650 , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Shahab Mehmood
- Department of Biosciences , Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology , Karachi-75600 , Pakistan
| | - Amjad Ali
- Department of Biochemistry , Quaid-e-azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Abid Ali
- Laboratory of Germplasm and Molecular Genetics , Department of Vegetable Sciences , College of Agriculture and Biotechnology , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , PR-China
| | - Azra Jahan
- Department of Zoology , Hazara University , Mansehra , Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan
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Torres LRDO, Santana FCD, Torres-Leal FL, Melo ILPD, Yoshime LT, Matos-Neto EM, Seelaender MCL, Araújo CMM, Cogliati B, Mancini-Filho J. Pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) almond oil attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury in rats: Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:205-216. [PMID: 27623180 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a potent hepatotoxin, capable of generating free radicals that lead to oxidative stress and the inflammation process. Pequi almond oil (PAO) has been reported to possess unsaturated fatty acid and antioxidant compounds related to beneficial effects on oxidation and inflammatory conditions. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of handmade and coldpressed PAO on CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The possible mechanisms underlying the effect on liver injury enzymes, histopathological parameters, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant and detoxification defense systems, as well as inflammatory parameters, were determined. Rats treated with PAO (3 or 6 mL/kg) for 21 days before CCl4 induction (3 mL/kg, 70%) showed significantly decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, milder hepatic lesions and higher levels of serum high-density lipoprotein compared to CCl4 group. Moreover, PAO enhanced antioxidant capacity by increasing hepatic glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzyme activities, as well as reducing circulating concentrations of leptin and inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6, leukotrienes -4 and -5 and the tumor necrosis factor receptor. In summary, PAO, especially cold-pressed oil, attenuated the CCl4-induced alterations in serum and hepatic tissue in rats due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucillia R de O Torres
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Maranhão Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Caxias, Maranhão, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda C de Santana
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Illana L P de Melo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana T Yoshime
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cintia M M Araújo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Mancini-Filho
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Liu H, Liu J, Zhang Y, Liao J, Tong Q, Gao F, Hu Y, Wang W. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and computerized tomography perfusion imaging of a liver fibrosis-early cirrhosis in dogs. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 31:1604-10. [PMID: 26878817 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM To assess liver fibrosis stages in a liver fibrosis-early cirrhosis model in dogs, the clinical efficiency of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and computed tomography (CT) perfusion imaging were compared. METHODS Hepatic vein arriving time (HVAT), hepatic artery arriving time, and hepatic artery to vein transit time (HA-VTT) were measured on CEUS. Total liver perfusion (TLP), portal vein perfusion (PVP), hepatic artery perfusion, and hepatic perfusion index (HPI) were measured on CT perfusion imaging. Histologic examination of liver specimens of the animals was performed to assess the fibrosis stage. RESULTS For assessment of liver fibrosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CEUS indexes HVAT and HA-VTT were 0.865 and 0.930, respectively; the perfusion CT indexes TLP, PVP, and HPI were 0.797, 0.800, and 0.220, respectively; the serological index hyaluronic acid was 0.793. While for assessment of early cirrhosis, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CEUS indexes HVAT and HA-VTT were 0.915 and 0.948, respectively; the perfusion CT indexes TLP, PVP, and HPI were 0.737, 0.765, and 0.218, respectively; the serological index hyaluronic acid was 0.627. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that both CEUS and CT perfusion imaging have the potential to be complementary imaging tools in the evaluation of liver fibrosis. While CEUS is the better choice and the index HA-VTT can be considered as non-invasive semi-quantitative indexes for diagnosing liver fibrosis and early cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanghui Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Yaqin Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Liao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiongjuan Tong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuequn Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Niemann-Pick Type C2 Protein Mediates Hepatic Stellate Cells Activation by Regulating Free Cholesterol Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071122. [PMID: 27420058 PMCID: PMC4964497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In chronic liver diseases, regardless of their etiology, the development of fibrosis is the first step toward the progression to cirrhosis, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main profibrogenic cells that promote the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, and so it is important to identify the molecules that regulate HSCs activation and liver fibrosis. Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) protein plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular cholesterol homeostasis by directly binding with free cholesterol. However, the roles of NPC2 in HSCs activation and liver fibrosis have not been explored in detail. Since a high-cholesterol diet exacerbates liver fibrosis progression in both rodents and humans, we propose that the expression of NPC2 affects free cholesterol metabolism and regulates HSCs activation. In this study, we found that NPC2 is decreased in both thioacetamide- and carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis tissues. In addition, NPC2 is expressed in quiescent HSCs, but its activation status is down-regulated. Knockdown of NPC2 in HSC-T6 cells resulted in marked increases in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced collagen type 1 α1 (Col1a1), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, and Smad2 phosphorylation. In contrast, NPC2 overexpression decreased TGF-β1-induced HSCs activation. We further demonstrated that NPC2 deficiency significantly increased the accumulation of free cholesterol in HSCs, increasing Col1a1 and α-SMA expression and activating Smad2, and leading to sensitization of HSCs to TGF-β1 activation. In contrast, overexpression of NPC2 decreased U18666A-induced free cholesterol accumulation and inhibited the subsequent HSCs activation. In conclusion, our study has demonstrated that NPC2 plays an important role in HSCs activation by regulating the accumulation of free cholesterol. NPC2 overexpression may thus represent a new treatment strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Cogliati B, Crespo Yanguas S, da Silva TC, Aloia TP, Nogueira MS, Real-Lima MA, Chaible LM, Sanches DS, Willebrords J, Maes M, Pereira IV, de Castro IA, Vinken M, Dagli ML. Connexin32 deficiency exacerbates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular injury and liver fibrosis in mice. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:362-370. [PMID: 27268753 PMCID: PMC5417356 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1190991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Liver fibrosis results from the perpetuation of the normal wound healing response to several types of injury. Despite the wealth of knowledge regarding the involvement of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways in liver fibrogenesis, information about the role of intercellular communication mediated by gap junctions is scarce. METHODS In this study, liver fibrosis was chemically induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice lacking connexin32, the major liver gap junction constituent. The manifestation of liver fibrosis was evaluated based on a series of read-outs, including collagen morphometric and mRNA analysis, oxidative stress, apoptotic, proliferative and inflammatory markers. RESULTS More pronounced liver damage and enhanced collagen deposition were observed in connexin32 knockout mice compared to wild-type animals in experimentally triggered induced liver fibrosis. No differences between both groups were noticed in apoptotic signaling nor in inflammation markers. However, connexin32 deficient mice displayed decreased catalase activity and increased malondialdehyde levels. CONCLUSION These findings could suggest that connexin32-based signaling mediates tissue resistance against liver damage by the modulation of the antioxidant capacity. In turn, this could point to a role for connexin32 signaling as a therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tereza C. da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago P.A. Aloia
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina S. Nogueira
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirela A. Real-Lima
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Chaible
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel S. Sanches
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel V.A. Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inar A. de Castro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria L.Z. Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Fujita T, Soontrapa K, Ito Y, Iwaisako K, Moniaga CS, Asagiri M, Majima M, Narumiya S. Hepatic stellate cells relay inflammation signaling from sinusoids to parenchyma in mouse models of immune-mediated hepatitis. Hepatology 2016; 63:1325-39. [PMID: 26248612 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) constitute the liver sinusoid with Kupffer cells and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. While the sinusoid functions as the gateway to liver inflammation, whether HSCs contribute to liver inflammation and, if so, how they exert such functions remain elusive. Here, we found that mouse as well as human HSCs expressed DP1 receptor for prostaglandin D2 selectively in the liver. Pharmacological stimulation of DP1 by BW245C, a DP1-selective agonist, suppressed the activation of cultured HSCs by tumor necrosis factor-α at least in part through down-regulation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling and inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. DP1 deficiency or BW245C administration in mice significantly enhanced or suppressed concanavalin A (ConA)-induced hepatitis, respectively. ConA injection induced tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ expression in the sinusoid, which was suppressed by administration of BW245C. Coculture of spleen cells and liver nonparenchymal cells showed that ConA first activated spleen cells and that this activation led to activation of nonparenchymal cells to secondarily produce tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Microarray analysis revealed ConA-induced expression of endothelin-1, tissue factor, and chemokines in the liver and inducible nitric oxide synthase in hepatocytes, resulting in flow stagnation, leukocyte adherence and migration to the parenchyma, and hepatocyte death. DP1 stimulation inhibits all these events in the liver. Therefore, HSCs mediate amplification of ConA-induced liver inflammation in the sinusoid, causing direct and indirect hepatocyte injury, and DP1 stimulation inhibits this HSC activation. CONCLUSIONS HSCs integrate cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses in the sinusoids and relay them to the liver parenchyma, and these HSC actions are inhibited by DP1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujita
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kitipong Soontrapa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yoshiya Ito
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Keiko Iwaisako
- Target Therapy Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Catharina Sagita Moniaga
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Asagiri
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Majima
- Department of Pharmacology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for Innovation in Immunoregulatory Technology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Ion Channels and Oxidative Stress as a Potential Link for the Diagnosis or Treatment of Liver Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3928714. [PMID: 26881024 PMCID: PMC4736365 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3928714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress results from a disturbed balance between oxidation and antioxidant systems. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) may be either harmful or beneficial to the cells. Ion channels are transmembrane proteins that participate in a large variety of cellular functions and have been implicated in the development of a variety of diseases. A significant amount of the available drugs in the market targets ion channels. These proteins have sulfhydryl groups of cysteine and methionine residues in their structure that can be targeted by ROS and RNS altering channel function including gating and conducting properties, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways associated. The regulation of ion channels by ROS has been suggested to be associated with some pathological conditions including liver diseases. This review focuses on understanding the role and the potential association of ion channels and oxidative stress in liver diseases including fibrosis, alcoholic liver disease, and cancer. The potential association between ion channels and oxidative stress conditions could be used to develop new treatments for major liver diseases.
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47
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Eiselein L, Nyunt T, Lamé MW, Ng KF, Wilson DW, Rutledge JC, Aung HH. TGRL Lipolysis Products Induce Stress Protein ATF3 via the TGF-β Receptor Pathway in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145523. [PMID: 26709509 PMCID: PMC4699200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested a link between the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) signaling cascade and the stress-inducible activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3). We have demonstrated that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL) lipolysis products activate MAP kinase stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathways resulting in up-regulation of ATF3, pro-inflammatory genes and induction of apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells. Here we demonstrate increased release of active TGF-β at 15 min, phosphorylation of Smad2 and translocation of co-Smad4 from cytosol to nucleus after a 1.5 h treatment with lipolysis products. Activation and translocation of Smad2 and 4 was blocked by addition of SB431542 (10 μM), a specific inhibitor of TGF-β-activin receptor ALKs 4, 5, 7. Both ALK receptor inhibition and anti TGF-β1 antibody prevented lipolysis product induced up-regulation of ATF3 mRNA and protein. ALK inhibition prevented lipolysis product-induced nuclear accumulation of ATF3. ALKs 4, 5, 7 inhibition also prevented phosphorylation of c-Jun and TGRL lipolysis product-induced p53 and caspase-3 protein expression. These findings demonstrate that TGRL lipolysis products cause release of active TGF-β and lipolysis product-induced apoptosis is dependent on TGF-β signaling. Furthermore, signaling through the stress associated JNK/c-Jun pathway is dependent on TGF-β signaling suggesting that TGF-β signaling is necessary for nuclear accumulation of the ATF3/cJun transcription complex and induction of pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Eiselein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Tun Nyunt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Michael W. Lamé
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Kit F. Ng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Dennis W. Wilson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - John C. Rutledge
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
| | - Hnin H. Aung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, 95616, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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48
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Critical role of c-jun N-terminal protein kinase in promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and acute liver injury. Redox Biol 2015; 6:552-564. [PMID: 26491845 PMCID: PMC4625008 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) promotes tissue injury is poorly understood. Thus we aimed at studying the roles of JNK and its phospho-target proteins in mouse models of acute liver injury. Young male mice were exposed to a single dose of CCl4 (50 mg/kg, IP) and euthanized at different time points. Liver histology, blood alanine aminotransferase, and other enzyme activities were measured in CCl4-exposed mice without or with the highly-specific JNK inhibitors. Phosphoproteins were purified from control or CCl4-exposed mice and analyzed by differential mass-spectrometry followed by further characterizations of immunoprecipitation and activity measurements. JNK was activated within 1 h while liver damage was maximal at 24 h post-CCl4 injection. Markedly increased phosphorylation of many mitochondrial proteins was observed between 1 and 8 h following CCl4 exposure. Pretreatment with the selective JNK inhibitor SU3327 or the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant mito-TEMPO markedly reduced the levels of p-JNK, mitochondrial phosphoproteins and liver damage in CCl4-exposed mice. Differential proteomic analysis identified many phosphorylated mitochondrial proteins involved in anti-oxidant defense, electron transfer, energy supply, fatty acid oxidation, etc. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase, and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were phosphorylated in CCl4-exposed mice but dephosphorylated after SU3327 pretreatment. Consistently, the suppressed activities of these enzymes were restored by SU3327 pretreatment in CCl4-exposed mice. These data provide a novel mechanism by which JNK, rapidly activated by CCl4, promotes mitochondrial dysfunction and acute hepatotoxicity through robust phosphorylation of numerous mitochondrial proteins. JNK was rapidly activated after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure. Activated JNK was translocated to mitochondria and phosphorylated many proteins. Many mitochondrial phosphoproteins were identified by mass-spec analysis. Mitochondrial ALDH2, α-KGDH, and complex I were inactivated by phosphorylation. JNK inhibition reduced phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins and hepatotoxicity.
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49
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Abouzied MM, Eltahir HM, Taye A, Abdelrahman MS. Experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of tempol in the treatment of acute liver injury. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:107-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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50
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Abstract
Hepatocyte death, inflammation, and liver fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic liver disease. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine involved in liver inflammation and sustained liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis. TNFα exerts inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. However, the role of TNFα signaling in liver fibrosis is not fully understood. This review highlights the recent findings demonstrating the molecular mechanisms of TNFα and its downstream signaling in liver fibrosis. During the progression of liver fibrosis, hepatic stellate cells play a pivotal role in a dynamic process of production of extracellular matrix proteins and modulation of immune response. Hepatic stellate cells transdifferentiate into activated myofibroblasts in response to damaged hepatocyte-derived mediators and immune cell-derived cytokines/chemokines. Here, we will discuss the role of TNFα in hepatic stellate cell survival and activation and the crosstalk between hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes or other immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells in the development of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ekihiro Seki
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
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