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Kang SC, Sarn NB, Venegas J, Tan Z, Hitomi M, Eng C. Germline PTEN genotype-dependent phenotypic divergence during the early neural developmental process of forebrain organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2023:10.1038/s41380-023-02325-3. [PMID: 38030818 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02325-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PTEN germline mutations account for ~0.2-1% of all autism spectrum disorder (ASD) cases, as well as ~17% of ASD patients with macrocephaly, making it one of the top ASD-associated risk genes. Individuals with germline PTEN mutations receive the molecular diagnosis of PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS), an inherited cancer predisposition syndrome, about 20-23% of whom are diagnosed with ASD. We generated forebrain organoid cultures from gene-edited isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) harboring a PTENG132D (ASD) or PTENM134R (cancer) mutant allele to model how these mutations interrupt neurodevelopmental processes. Here, we show that the PTENG132D allele disrupts early neuroectoderm formation during the first several days of organoid generation, and results in deficient electrophysiology. While organoids generated from PTENM134R hiPSCs remained morphologically similar to wild-type organoids during this early stage in development, we observed disrupted neuronal differentiation, radial glia positioning, and cortical layering in both PTEN-mutant organoids at the later stage of 72+ days of development. Perifosine, an AKT inhibitor, reduced over-activated AKT and partially corrected the abnormalities in cellular organization observed in PTENG132D organoids. Single cell RNAseq analyses on early-stage organoids revealed that genes related to neural cell fate were decreased in PTENG132D mutant organoids, and AKT inhibition was capable of upregulating gene signatures related to neuronal cell fate and CNS maturation pathways. These findings demonstrate that different PTEN missense mutations can have a profound impact on neurodevelopment at diverse stages which in turn may predispose PHTS individuals to ASD. Further study will shed light on ways to mitigate pathological impact of PTEN mutants on neurodevelopment by stage-specific manipulation of downstream PTEN signaling components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Chung Kang
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Nicholas B Sarn
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Juan Venegas
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Zhibing Tan
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Masahiro Hitomi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Medical Specialties Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Ye T, Lin A, Qiu Z, Hu S, Zhou C, Liu Z, Cheng Q, Zhang J, Luo P. Microsatellite instability states serve as predictive biomarkers for tumors chemotherapy sensitivity. iScience 2023; 26:107045. [PMID: 37448561 PMCID: PMC10336167 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for markers to predict the efficacy of different chemotherapy drugs. Herein, we examined whether microsatellite instability (MSI) status can predict tumor multidrug sensitivity and explored the underlying mechanisms. We downloaded data from several public databases. Drug sensitivity was compared between the high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and microsatellite-stable/low microsatellite instability (MSS/MSI-L) groups. In addition, we performed pathway enrichment analysis and cellular chemosensitivity assays to explore the mechanisms by which MSI status may affect drug sensitivity and assessed the differences between drug-treated and control cell lines. We found that multiple MSI-H tumors were more sensitive to a variety of chemotherapy drugs than MSS/MSI-L tumors, and especially for CRC, chemosensitivity is enhanced through the downregulation of DDR pathways such as NHEJ. Additional DNA damage caused by chemotherapeutic drugs results in further downregulation of DDR pathways and enhances drug sensitivity, forming a cycle of increasing drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojun Ye
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhengang Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shulu Hu
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaozheng Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zaoqu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The First Clinical Medical School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lai R, Fang Q, Wu F, Pan S, Haque K, Sha SH. Prevention of noise-induced hearing loss by calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 is associated with upregulation of PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1199656. [PMID: 37484825 PMCID: PMC10359991 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1199656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Noise-induced calcium overload in sensory hair cells has been well documented as an early step in the pathogenesis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Alterations in cellular calcium homeostasis mediate a series of cellular events, including activation of calcium-dependent protein kinases and phosphatases. Using cell-membrane- and blood-brain-barrier-permeable calpain-1 (μ-calpain) and calpain-2 (m-calpain) inhibitor MDL-28170, we tested the involvement of calpains, a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases, and the potential of MDL-28170 in preventing NIHL. Methods CBA/J mice at the age of 12 weeks were exposed to broadband noise with a frequency spectrum from 2-20 kHz for 2 h at 101 dB sound pressure level to induce permanent hearing loss as measured by auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacoustic emissions. Morphological damage was assessed by quantification of remaining sensory hair cells and inner hair cell synapses 2 weeks after the exposure. Results MDL-28170 treatment by intraperitoneal injection significantly attenuated noise-induced functional deficits and cochlear pathologies. MDL-28170 treatment also prevented noise-induced cleavage of alpha-fodrin, a substrate for calpain-1. Furthermore, MDL-28170 treatment prevented reduction of PI3K/Akt signaling after exposure to noise and upregulated p85α and p-Akt (S473) in outer hair cells. Discussion These results indicate that noise-induced calpain activation negatively regulates PI3K/Akt downstream signaling, and that prevention of NIHL by treatment with MDL-28170 is associated with upregulation of PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosha Lai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Song Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Khujista Haque
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Su-Hua Sha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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Eukaryotic Ribosomal Protein S5 of the 40S Subunit: Structure and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043386. [PMID: 36834797 PMCID: PMC9958902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosomal protein RPS5 is one of the prime proteins to combine with RNA and belongs to the conserved ribosomal protein family. It plays a substantial role in the process of translation and also has some non-ribosome functions. Despite the enormous studies on the relationship between the structure and function of prokaryotic RPS7, the structure and molecular details of the mechanism of eukaryotic RPS5 remain largely unexplored. This article focuses on the structure of RPS5 and its role in cells and diseases, especially the binding to 18S rRNA. The role of RPS5 in translation initiation and its potential use as targets for liver disease and cancer are discussed.
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Apurva, Abdul Sattar RS, Ali A, Nimisha, Kumar Sharma A, Kumar A, Santoshi S, Saluja SS. Molecular pathways in periampullary cancer: An overview. Cell Signal 2022; 100:110461. [PMID: 36096460 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors in various signaling pathways are basis for personalized therapy in cancer. Periampullary carcinoma behaves differently from pancreatic carcinoma both in prognosis and outcome, therefore it needs special attention. Pancreatic cancer have higher incidence of nodal spread and perineural &lymphovascular invasion suggesting it biologically more aggressive tumor compared to periampullary cancer. Since PAC tumors consist of heterogenous tissue of origin, they might contain different mutations in tumor associated genes and other changes in tissue composition among different subgroups clubbed together. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular nature of PAC in the previous two decades, and a large number of mutations and other genetic changes have been identified as being responsible for the disease. This review article targets to collate and discuss the molecular evolution of PAC and their implication in its outcome. As per literature, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K), and Wnt signaling are the most common pathways involved in PAC. Mutations in KRAS, TP53, CTNNB1, SMAD4 and APC genes were the most frequently reported. I-subtype resembles colorectal cancer while the morphology of PB-type shows close resemblance to pancreatic tumors. The frequency of driver gene mutations is higher in I-type compared to PB-type of PAC indicating I-type to be genetically more unstable. The genetic landscape of PAC obtained from WES data highlighted PI3/AKT pathway to be a primary target in I-type and RAS/RAF in PB-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Real Sumayya Abdul Sattar
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Asgar Ali
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Nimisha
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Kumar Sharma
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sundeep Singh Saluja
- Central Molecular Lab, GovindBallabhPant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India; Department of GI Surgery, GovindBallabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (GIPMER), New Delhi, India.
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Long Noncoding RNAs and Circular RNAs Regulate AKT and Its Effectors to Control Cell Functions of Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192940. [PMID: 36230902 PMCID: PMC9563963 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT serine-threonine kinase (AKT) and its effectors are essential for maintaining cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial morphogenesis (fission/fusion), ferroptosis, necroptosis, DNA damage response (damage and repair), senescence, and migration of cancer cells. Several lncRNAs and circRNAs also regulate the expression of these functions by numerous pathways. However, the impact on cell functions by lncRNAs and circRNAs regulating AKT and its effectors is poorly understood. This review provides comprehensive information about the relationship of lncRNAs and circRNAs with AKT on the cell functions of cancer cells. the roles of several lncRNAs and circRNAs acting on AKT effectors, such as FOXO, mTORC1/2, S6K1/2, 4EBP1, SREBP, and HIF are explored. To further validate the relationship between AKT, AKT effectors, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, more predicted AKT- and AKT effector-targeting lncRNAs and circRNAs were retrieved from the LncTarD and circBase databases. Consistently, using an in-depth literature survey, these AKT- and AKT effector-targeting database lncRNAs and circRNAs were related to cell functions. Therefore, some lncRNAs and circRNAs can regulate several cell functions through modulating AKT and AKT effectors. This review provides insights into a comprehensive network of AKT and AKT effectors connecting to lncRNAs and circRNAs in the regulation of cancer cell functions.
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Gao Q, Deng H, Yang Z, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Yuan X, Zeng M, Guo M, Zeng W, Jiang X, Yu B. Sodium danshensu attenuates cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by targeting AKT1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:946668. [PMID: 36188542 PMCID: PMC9520076 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.946668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial properties of Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) for controlling cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury (CIRI) are elucidated here both in vivo and in vitro. SDSS administration significantly improved the viability of P12 cells, reduced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and decreased the apoptosis rate following exposure to an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD) environment. In addition, the results of a HuprotTM human protein microarray and network pharmacology indicated that AKT1 is one of the main targets of SDSS. Moreover, functional experiments showed that SDSS intervention markedly increased the phosphorylation level of AKT1 and its downstream regulator, mTOR. The binding sites of SDSS to AKT1 protein were confirmed by Autodock software and a surface plasmon resonance experiment, the result of which imply that SDSS targets to the PH domain of AKT1 at ASN-53, ARG-86, and LYS-14 residues. Furthermore, knockdown of AKT1 significantly abolished the role of SDSS in protecting cells from apoptosis and necrosis. Finally, we investigated the curative effect of SDSS in a rat model of CIRI. The results suggest that administration of SDSS significantly reduces CIRI-induced necrosis and apoptosis in brain samples by activating AKT1 protein. In conclusion, SDSS exerts its positive role in alleviating CIRI by binding to the PH domain of AKT1 protein, further resulting in AKT1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Gao
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhengfei Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yuan
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xijuan Jiang, ; Bin Yu,
| | - Bin Yu
- International Exchanges Department and International Education College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xijuan Jiang, ; Bin Yu,
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Zhang W, Liu L, Zhao S, Chen L, Wei Y, Chen W, Ge F. Research progress on RNA‑binding proteins in breast cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:121. [PMID: 35261635 PMCID: PMC8867207 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, and the abnormal regulation of gene expression serves an important role in its occurrence and development. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying gene expression are highly complex and heterogeneous, and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are among the key regulatory factors. RBPs bind targets in an environment-dependent or environment-independent manner to influence mRNA stability and the translation of genes involved in the formation, progression, metastasis and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the growing interest in these regulators, the present review summarizes the most influential studies concerning RBPs associated with breast cancer to elucidate the role of RBPs in breast cancer and to assess how they interact with other key pathways to provide new molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhu Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Forensic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shengdi Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
| | - Yuxian Wei
- Department of Endocrine Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Wenlin Chen
- Third Department of Breast Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China
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Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils and Tumors: Friend or Foe? EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2022; 113:141-167. [PMID: 35165863 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91311-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a dynamic network that apart from tumor cells includes also cells of the immune system, e.g., neutrophils, which are recruited from blood circulation. In TME, neutrophils are strongly implicated in the direct and indirect interactions with tumor cells or other immune cells, and they play roles in both preventing and/or facilitating tumor progression and metastasis. The dual role of neutrophils is determined by their high plasticity and heterogeneity. Analogous to the macrophages, neutrophils can express antitumoral (N1) and protumoral (N2) phenotypes which differ substantially in morphology and function. N1 phenotype characterizes with a high cytotoxic and proinflammatory activities, while N2 phenotype with immunosuppressive and prometastatic properties. The antitumoral effect of neutrophils includes for example the production of reactive oxygen species or proapoptotic molecules. The protumoral action of neutrophils relies on releasing of proangiogenic and prometastatic mediators, immunosuppressive factors, as well as on direct helping tumor cells in extravasation process. This chapter summarizes the heterogeneity of neutrophils in TME, as well as their dual role on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Hui Z, Dong QQ, Shu HP, Tu YC, Liao QQ, Yao LJ. Mechanistic insights into the renoprotective role of curcumin in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury: network pharmacology analysis and experimental validation. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11041-11056. [PMID: 34802380 PMCID: PMC8810021 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (CP-AKI) is a severe complication in patients receiving CP chemotherapy. However, effective therapies for CP-AKI are currently lacking. Curcumin (CUR), a natural polyphenol, is extracted from the rhizome of turmeric and has been reported to have nephroprotective activity. However, the role of CUR in CP-AKI remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of CUR in CP-AKI by combining a network pharmacology approach with experimental validations. The analysis revealed 176 potential targets of CUR based on the HERB database and 1,286 related targets of CP-AKI from the GeneCards, DrugBank, and OMIM databases. Further, 106 common targets of CUR against CP-AKI were obtained, and these common targets constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. In addition, the core targets were screened from the PPI network using Cytoscape. Molecular docking revealed that CUR displayed the best binding to AKT1. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that the primary biological processes of CUR against CP-AKI included cellular response to chemical stress and apoptotic regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was most significantly enriched in CUR against CP-AKI. Western blotting and flow cytometry showed that CUR inhibited apoptosis induced by CP by activating the Akt signaling pathway in human kidney tubular epithelial cells (HK-2). Altogether, our findings demonstrated that CUR alleviated apoptosis by activating the Akt signaling pathway in CP-AKI in vitro. These data provide a scientific basis for future investigations into the clinical application of CUR against CP-AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hui
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua-Pan Shu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Chi Tu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian-Qian Liao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Yao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gui L, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Kong L. UBE2S promotes cell chemoresistance through PTEN-AKT signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2021; 7:357. [PMID: 34785642 PMCID: PMC8595659 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00750-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination displays a crucial role in various biological functions, such as protein degradation, signal transduction, and cellular homeostasis. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ubiquitination is essential in cancer progression. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) is a member of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family of the ubiquitin system and its role in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is largely unknown. We investigated the role of UBE2S in HCC and found UBE2S upregulation is relevant with large tumor size, recurrence, and advanced TNM stage, serving as an independent risk factor of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for HCC patients. We conducted in vitro experiments and found that in HCC cells, UBE2S overexpression increases the resistance to 5-FU and oxaliplatin, while UBE2S knockdown achieves an opposite effect. UBE2S is transcriptionally activated by the binding of FOXM1 to UBE2S promoter, which induces its upregulation and reduces PTEN protein level by promoting PTEN ubiquitination at Lys60 and Lys327 and facilitating AKT phosphorylation. The promotional effect of FOXM1-UBE2S axis on HCC cell chemoresistance is attenuated by allosteric AKT inhibitor, MK2206. In conclusion, our results reveal that UBE2S is a prognostic biomarker for HCC patients, and the FOXM1-UBE2S-PTEN-p-AKT signaling axis might be a promising target for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gui
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Sicai Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Yongzi Xu
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- grid.452509.f0000 0004 1764 4566Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009 Nanjing, Jiangsu China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210009, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lianbao Kong
- Hepatobiliary Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Key Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 210029, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Roles of Therapeutic Bioactive Compounds in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9068850. [PMID: 34754365 PMCID: PMC8572616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9068850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is due to poor prognosis and lack of availability of effective treatment. Novel therapeutic strategies will be the fine tuning of intracellular ROS signaling to effectively deprive cells of ROS-induced tumor-promoting events. This review discusses the generation of ROS, the major signaling their modulation in therapeutics. We explore some of the major pathways involved in HCC, which include the VEGF, MAPK/ERK, mTOR, FGF, and Ser/Thr kinase pathways. In this review, we study cornerstone on natural bioactive compounds with their effect on hepatocarcinomas. Furthermore, we focus on oxidative stress and FDA-approved signaling pathway inhibitors, along with chemotherapy and radiotherapy enhancers which with early evidence of success. While more in vivo testing is required to confirm the findings presented here, our findings will aid future nonclinical, preclinical, and clinical studies with these compounds, as well as inspire medicinal chemistry scientists to conduct appropriate research on this promising natural compound and their derivatives.
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Shrimali NM, Agarwal S, Kaur S, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharyya S, Prchal JT, Guchhait P. α-Ketoglutarate Inhibits Thrombosis and Inflammation by Prolyl Hydroxylase-2 Mediated Inactivation of Phospho-Akt. EBioMedicine 2021; 73:103672. [PMID: 34740102 PMCID: PMC8579134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phospho-Akt1 (pAkt1) undergoes prolyl hydroxylation at Pro125 and Pro313 by the prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2) in a reaction decarboxylating α-ketoglutarate (αKG). We investigated whether the αKG supplementation could inhibit Akt-mediated activation of platelets and monocytes, in vitro as well as in vivo, by augmenting PHD2 activity. Methods We treated platelets or monocytes isolated from healthy individuals with αKG in presence of agonists in vitro and assessed the signalling molecules including pAkt1. We supplemented mice with dietary αKG and estimated the functional responses of platelets and monocytes ex vivo. Further, we investigated the impact of dietary αKG on inflammation and thrombosis in lungs of mice either treated with thrombosis-inducing agent carrageenan or infected with SARS-CoV-2. Findings Octyl αKG supplementation to platelets promoted PHD2 activity through elevated intracellular αKG to succinate ratio, and reduced aggregation in vitro by suppressing pAkt1(Thr308). Augmented PHD2 activity was confirmed by increased hydroxylated-proline and enhanced binding of PHD2 to pAkt in αKG-treated platelets. Contrastingly, inhibitors of PHD2 significantly increased pAkt1 in platelets. Octyl-αKG followed similar mechanism in monocytes to inhibit cytokine secretion in vitro. Our data also describe a suppressed pAkt1 and reduced activation of platelets and leukocytes ex vivo from mice supplemented with dietary αKG, unaccompanied by alteration in their number. Dietary αKG significantly reduced clot formation and leukocyte accumulation in various organs including lungs of mice treated with thrombosis-inducing agent carrageenan. Importantly, in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters, we observed a significant rescue effect of dietary αKG on inflamed lungs with significantly reduced leukocyte accumulation, clot formation and viral load alongside down-modulation of pAkt in the lung of the infected animals. Interpretation Our study suggests that dietary αKG supplementation prevents Akt-driven maladies such as thrombosis and inflammation and rescues pathology of COVID19-infected lungs. Funding Study was funded by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Govt. of India (grants: BT/PR22881 and BT/PR22985); and the Science and Engineering Research Board, Govt. of India (CRG/000092).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishith M Shrimali
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sakshi Agarwal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Simrandeep Kaur
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sulagna Bhattacharya
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sankar Bhattacharyya
- Translational Health Science Technology Institute; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Josef T Prchal
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine & Huntsman Cancer Center and George E. Whalen Veteran's Administration Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Prasenjit Guchhait
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology; National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India.
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Dong L, Liu F, Liu D, Kang S, Yang X, Wang J. Jolkinolide B attenuates laryngeal cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis via PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:786-794. [PMID: 34697781 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00612-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Jolkinolide B (JB) is a bioactive diterpenoid, isolated from the root of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud, and has been reported to have anti-tumor and anti-inflammation function by regulation of cell migration, invasion, apoptosis, and cell cycle. We aimed to evaluate the effect of JB on laryngeal cancer cells. Human normal larynx epithelial (HBE) cells and cancer cell lines TU212, TU177, and Hep-2 were cultured; MTT assay was used to assess cell proliferation. LY294002 (a PI3K/Akt inhibitor) and IGF-1 (a PI3K/Akt activator) were employed to investigate the expression of PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell migration and invasion activities were detected by scratch wound healing and transwell assay, respectively. Flow cytometry assay was used to assess cell apoptosis. The expression levels of proteins were assessed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting assay. JB inhibited TU212, TU177, and Hep-2 cell viability with an IC50 value of 54.57 ± 0.53 μg/mL, 44.82 ± 0.32 μg/mL, and 49.63 ± 0.47 μg/mL, respectively. Compared with control group, the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells significantly decreased after JB and LY294002 treatment, while cell apoptosis increased. In IGF-1 group, the results were opposite compared to the JB and LY294002 groups. Western blotting results showed that JB and LY294002 treatment significantly inhibited the levels of Bcl-2, p-PI3K, and p-Akt while the levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and PTEN protein significantly increased. Our study suggested that JB exhibits an inhibition effect on laryngeal cancer cell growth in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Dawei Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Shasha Kang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, No. 20 Yuhuangding East Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Junxia Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yantai Haigang Hospital, No. 100 Xingfu Road, Zhifu District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
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15
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Dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/PTEN Pathway in Canine Mammary Tumor. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072079. [PMID: 34359206 PMCID: PMC8300234 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/PTEN axis is one of the most important signaling pathways in tumorigenesis. Recently, mutation of PIK3CA has been highlighted due to the similarities of mutational hotspots in both dogs and humans. PIK3CA H1047R (c.3140A > G) has been discovered as the most common mutational hot spot in canine mammary tumor in recent studies, while the feature of PIK3CA-mutated canine mammary tumor is obscure. METHODS A total of 83 mammary samples classified as normal (n = 13), adenoma (n = 25), low-grade carcinoma (n = 21), and high-grade carcinoma (n = 24) were included in this study. Genomic DNA from each sample was extracted, amplified by conventional PCR, and analyzed through Sanger sequencing. Analysis for the expression of PIK3CA, Akt, p-Akt, and PTEN was performed by immunohistochemistry, and of Akt2 by RNA in situ hybridization. RESULTS PIK3CA H1047R mutation was detected in 14.3% (10/70) of tumor samples. Dysregulation of p-Akt, Akt2, and PTEN was observed in mammary tumor samples, but only PTEN dysregulation was associated with PIK3CA H1047R mutation. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that dysregulation of components in the PI3K/Akt/PTEN pathway is a feature of canine mammary tumors, but this dysregulation is not directly correlated to the PIK3CA H1047R mutation except for PTEN expression.
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16
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Zhang J, Hu J, Li W, Zhang C, Su P, Wang Y, Sun W, Wang X, Li L, Wu X. Rapamycin Antagonizes BCRP-Mediated Drug Resistance Through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in mPRα-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608570. [PMID: 33912444 PMCID: PMC8071953 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Overexpression of breast cancer (BCa) resistance protein (BCRP) is detected in approximately 30% of BCa cases. BCRP indicates a poor response to chemotherapy, and it has become a classic target to overcome drug-resistant tumor cells. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of BCRP overexpression and a strategy to reverse this overexpression in invasive BCa. Methods BCRP expression in BCa tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. GSE25066 was downloaded from the NCBI GEO database. Western blot was used to determine the expression of key molecules in vitro. Cell counting kit-8 assays were used to assess the drug response of BCa cells. Results Our results suggested that BCRP is an independent risk factor for BCa. We further established that upon 17α-PG binding, membrane progesterone receptor α (mPRα) promoted BCRP expression via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. mPRα physically interacted with p-Akt1 S473. Moreover, rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), downregulated BCRP expression and enhanced the effects of particular drugs, including doxorubicin and paclitaxel. Conclusion BCRP is a potential biomarker of poor prognosis in BCa. BCRP expression is regulated by 17α-PG in mPRα-positive BCa cells through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Rapamycin might enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy agents in mPRα-positive MDA-MB-453/BCRP cells and might be a therapeutic option for mPRα-positive invasive BCa with BCRP overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Su
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Peng J, Lv Y, Wu C. Radiation-resistance increased by overexpression of microRNA-21 and inhibition of its target PTEN in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Int Med Res 2021; 48:300060519882543. [PMID: 32268810 PMCID: PMC7153193 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519882543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Overexpression of microRNA-21 (miR-21) increases the radiation resistance of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, the molecular mechanism responsible for this action is still unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in miR-21-enhanced radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. Methods We evaluated the association between miR-21 levels and radiation resistance in patients with ESCC. We also investigated the role of PTEN in the proliferation and apoptosis of ESCC cells transfected with miR-21 inhibitor during irradiation, using PTEN small interfering RNA (siRNA). Results MiR-21 levels were significantly higher in radiation-resistant patients. Downregulation of miR-21 during irradiation suppressed the radiation resistance of ESCC cells, demonstrated by decreased cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis. PTEN siRNA attenuated miR-21-induced suppression of radiation resistance in ESCC cells. Conclusions These results suggest that miR-21 enhanced the radiation resistance of ESCC by inhibiting PTEN. MiR-21 and PTEN are potential therapeutic biotargets for ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinxiang Lv
- Department of oncology, People's Hospital of XinChang County, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaochao Wu
- Department of Research, Hangzhou Biozon Medical institute Co Ltd, Zhejiang, China
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18
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Makwana V, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Signalling transduction of O-GlcNAcylation and PI3K/AKT/mTOR-axis in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166129. [PMID: 33744394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hexosamine biosynthetic (HBP) and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways are found to predominate the proliferation and survival of prostate cancer cells. Both these pathways have their own specific intermediates to propagate the secondary signals in down-stream cascades and besides having their own structured network, also have shared interconnecting branches. These interconnections are either competitive or co-operative in nature depending on the microenvironmental conditions. Specifically, in prostate cancer HBP and mTOR pathways increases the expression and protein level of androgen receptor in order to support cancer cell proliferation, advancement and metastasis. Pharmacological inhibition of a single pathway is therefore insufficient to stop disease progression as the cancer cells manage to alter the signalling channel. This is one of the primary reasons for the therapeutic failure in prostate cancer and emergence of chemoresistance. Inhibition of these multiple pathways at their common junctures might prove to be of benefit in men suffering from an advanced disease state. Hence, a thorough understanding of these cellular intersecting points and their significance with respect to signal transduction mechanisms might assist in the rational designing of combinations for effective management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Makwana
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
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19
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Chen P, Chen Z, Mitchell C, Gao J, Chen L, Wang A, Leys T, Landao-Bassonga E, Zheng Q, Wang T, Zheng M. Intramuscular injection of Botox causes tendon atrophy by induction of senescence of tendon-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:38. [PMID: 33413592 PMCID: PMC7791643 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02084-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Botulinum toxin (Botox) injection is in widespread clinical use for the treatment of muscle spasms and tendinopathy but the mechanism of action is poorly understood. Hypothesis We hypothesised that the reduction of patellar-tendon mechanical-loading following intra-muscular injection of Botox results in tendon atrophy that is at least in part mediated by the induction of senescence of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). Study design Controlled laboratory study Methods A total of 36 mice were randomly divided into 2 groups (18 Botox-injected and 18 vehicle-only control). Mice were injected into the right vastus lateralis of quadriceps muscles either with Botox (to induce mechanical stress deprivation of the patellar tendon) or with normal saline as a control. At 2 weeks post-injection, animals were euthanized prior to tissues being harvested for either evaluation of tendon morphology or in vitro studies. TDSCs were isolated by cell-sorting prior to determination of viability, differentiation capacity or the presence of senescence markers, as well as assessing their response to mechanical loading in a bioreactor. Finally, to examine the mechanism of tendon atrophy in vitro, the PTEN/AKT-mediated cell senescence pathway was evaluated in TDSCs from both groups. Results Two weeks after Botox injection, patellar tendons displayed several atrophic features including tissue volume reduction, collagen fibre misalignment and increased degradation. A colony formation assay revealed a significantly reduced number of colony forming units of TDSCs in the Botox-injected group compared to controls. Multipotent differentiation capacities of TDSCs were also diminished after Botox injection. To examine if mechanically deprived TDSC are capable of forming tendon tissue, we used an isolated bioreactor system to culture tendon constructs using TDSC. These results showed that TDSCs from the Botox-treated group failed to restore tenogenic differentiation after appropriate mechanical loading. Examination of the signalling pathway revealed that injection of Botox into quadriceps muscles causes PTEN/AKT-mediated cell senescence of TDSCs. Conclusion Intramuscular injection of Botox interferes with tendon homeostasis by inducing tendon atrophy and senescence of TDSCs. Botox injection may have long-term adverse consequences for the treatment of tendinopathy. Clinical relevance Intramuscular Botox injection for tendinopathy or tendon injury could result in adverse effects in human tendons and evaluation of its long-term efficacy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peilin Chen
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Ziming Chen
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Christopher Mitchell
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Junjie Gao
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lianzhi Chen
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Allan Wang
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Medical School, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Toby Leys
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Euphemie Landao-Bassonga
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia.,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qiujian Zheng
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. .,Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Minghao Zheng
- Center for Orthopaedic Translational Research, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia. .,Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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20
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Ou L, Sun T, Liu M, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Zhan X, Lu L, Zhao Q, Lai R, Shao L. Efficient miRNA Inhibitor Delivery with Graphene Oxide-Polyethylenimine to Inhibit Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1569-1583. [PMID: 32210552 PMCID: PMC7069571 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s220057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are widely believed to be promising targets for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) gene therapy. miR-214 has been identified as a promoter of OSCC aggression and metastasis. Methods Graphene oxide-polyethylenimine (GO-PEI) complexes were prepared and loaded with a miRNA inhibitor at different N/P ratios. The transfection efficiency of GO-PEI-inhibitor was tested in Cal27 and SCC9 cells. Moreover, the tumor inhibition ability of GO-PEI-inhibitor was measured in an OSCC xenograft mouse model by intratumoral injection. Results Here, we show that a GO-PEI complex efficiently delivers a miR-214 inhibitor into OSCC cells and controls the intracellular release of the miR-214 inhibitor. These results indicate that the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor complex efficiently inhibited cellular miR-214, resulting in a decrease in OSCC cell invasion and migration and an increase in cell apoptosis by targeting PTEN and p53. In the xenograft mouse model, the GO-PEI-miR-214 inhibitor complex significantly prevented tumor volume growth. Conclusion This study indicates that functionalized GO-PEI with low toxicity has promising potential for miRNA delivery for the treatment of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyi Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiying Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihong Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingtong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Renfa Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Department of Stomatology, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital of Southern Medical University, Department of Prosthodontics, Guangzhou 510260, People's Republic of China
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George DJ, Halabi S, Healy P, Jonasch D, Anand M, Rasmussen J, Wood SY, Spritzer C, Madden JF, Armstrong AJ. Phase 2 clinical trial of TORC1 inhibition with everolimus in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:79.e15-79.e22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Krishna L, Nilawar S, Ponnalagu M, Subramani M, Jayadev C, Shetty R, Chatterjee K, Das D. Fiber Diameter Differentially Regulates Function of Retinal Pigment and Corneal Epithelial Cells on Nanofibrous Tissue Scaffolds. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:823-837. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Krishna
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 099, Karnataka, India
- School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sagar Nilawar
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Murugeswari Ponnalagu
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 099, Karnataka, India
| | - Murali Subramani
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 099, Karnataka, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Vitreoretina Services, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore 560 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Debashish Das
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, GROW Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore 560 099, Karnataka, India
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Lee HH, Chin A, Pak K, Wasserman SI, Kurabi A, Ryan AF. Role of the PI3K/AKT pathway and PTEN in otitis media. Exp Cell Res 2019; 387:111758. [PMID: 31837294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal hyperplasia is common sequela of otitis media (OM), leading to the secretion of mucus and the recruitment of leukocytes. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying hyperplasia are not well defined. Here, we investigated the role of the AKT pathway in the development of middle mucosal hyperplasia using in vitro mucosal explants cultures and an in vivo rat model. The Akt inhibitor MK2206 treatment inhibited the growth of middle ear mucosal explants in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo, MK2206 also reduced mucosal hyperplasia. Unexpectedly, while PTEN is generally thought to act in opposition to AKT, the PTEN inhibitor BPV reduced mucosal explant growth in vitro. The results indicate that both AKT and PTEN are mediators of mucosal growth during OM, and could be potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Ho Lee
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anthony Chin
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kwang Pak
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Stephen I Wasserman
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Allen F Ryan
- Division of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego and San Diego VA Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Zhao Z, Lin CY, Cheng K. siRNA- and miRNA-based therapeutics for liver fibrosis. Transl Res 2019; 214:17-29. [PMID: 31476281 PMCID: PMC6848786 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a wound-healing process induced by chronic liver injuries, such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, hepatitis, alcohol abuse, and metal poisoning. The accumulation of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver is a key characteristic of liver fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major producers of ECM and therefore play irreplaceably important roles during the progression of liver fibrosis. Liver fibrogenesis is highly correlated with the activation of HSCs, which is regulated by numerous profibrotic cytokines. Using RNA interference to downregulate these cytokines in activated HSCs is a promising strategy to reverse liver fibrosis. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRNAs) have also been exploited for the treatment of liver fibrosis. This review focuses on the current siRNA- and miRNA-based liver fibrosis treatment strategies by targeting activated HSCs in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Kun Cheng
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri.
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25
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LncRNA MALAT1 promotes migration and invasion of non-small-cell lung cancer by targeting miR-206 and activating Akt/mTOR signaling. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:725-735. [PMID: 29916897 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) functions as a crucial regulator of metastasis in lung cancer. The aim of this study is to unravel the underlying mechanisms of lncRNA MALAT1 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). A cohort of 36 NSCLC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues was collected postoperatively from patients with NSCLC. qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of MALAT1 in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. Cell migration and invasion were monitored by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition proteins and Akt/mTOR key components after treatment. Dual luciferase reporter assay coupled with qRT-PCR was used to verify the direct interaction between MALAT1 and miR-206. MALAT1 was significantly up-regulated in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. High expression of MALAT1 correlated positively with tumor size and lymphatic metastasis in NSCLC, whereas no correlation was found between MALAT1 expression and sex, age, clinical stage, and histological grade. We also showed that MALAT1 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and invasion by activating Akt/mTOR signaling in A549 and H1299 cells. miR-206 was a direct downstream target of MALAT1 in NSCLC. MALAT1 promoted cell migration and invasion by sponging miR-206 in NSCLC cells. In addition, miR-206 inhibited MALAT1-mediated activation of Akt/mTOR signaling in A549 and H1299 cells. lncRNA MALAT1 promotes migration and invasion of NSCLC by targeting miR-206 and activating Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Chen Y, Xiang W, Li X, Wang D, Qian C. Rosiglitazone prevents acute pancreatitis through inhibiting microRNA-26a expression. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1246-1252. [PMID: 31363368 PMCID: PMC6614723 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the regulatory effect of rosiglitazone on the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) and pancreas injury, and the underlying mechanism. An AP rat model was established using caerulein and validated by detection of amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) serum levels. Pancreatic injury was assessed by pathological examination. The expression levels of microRNA (miR)-26a in AP rats and AR42J cells were analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Luciferase reporter gene assay was applied for detecting whether miR-26a bound to the target gene phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The regulatory effect of rosiglitazone on the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was analyzed by western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that establishment of an AP model was successful with severe pancreas injury and classic AP phenotypes observed in rats. Increased serum expression of amylase, lipase, TNF-α, IL-6 and TGF-β were observed in AP rats. Rosiglitazone pretreatment prevented AP progression through suppression of miR-26a expression via binding to and degrading PTEN. Western blot analysis demonstrated that rosiglitazone blocked the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through PTEN. In conclusion, it was determined that rosiglitazone prevented AP by downregulating miR-26a via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Daming Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Qian
- Drug Clinical Trial Institution, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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27
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Kielbik M, Szulc-Kielbik I, Klink M. The Potential Role of iNOS in Ovarian Cancer Progression and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1751. [PMID: 30970628 PMCID: PMC6479373 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the enzyme responsible for nitric oxide (NO) production, is not present in most cells under normal conditions. The expression of its mRNA, as well as its protein synthesis and full enzymatic activity, undergoes multilevel regulation including transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms, the availability of iNOS substrate and cofactors and oxygen tension. However, in various malignant diseases, such as ovarian cancer, the intracellular mechanisms controlling iNOS are dysregulated, resulting in the permanent induction of iNOS expression and activation. The present review summarizes the multistaged processes occurring in normal cells that promote NO synthesis and focuses on factors regulating iNOS expression in ovarian cancer. The possible involvement of iNOS in the chemoresistance of ovarian cancer and its potential as a prognostic/predictive factor in the course of disease development are also reviewed. According to the available yet limited data, it is difficult to draw unequivocal conclusions on the pros and cons of iNOS in ovarian cancer. Most clinical data support the hypothesis that high levels of iNOS expression in ovarian tumors are associated with a greater risk of disease relapse and patient death. However, in vitro studies with various ovarian cancer cell lines indicate a correlation between a high level of iNOS expression and sensitivity to cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Izabela Szulc-Kielbik
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Klink
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 106 Lodowa Str., 93-232 Lodz, Poland.
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Xu Y, Wang L, Cao L, Chen L, Liu Q. Involvement of NYD-SP15 in growth and oxidative-stress responses of ARPE-19. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1362-1375. [PMID: 30368880 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NYD-SP15 in the growth and oxidative-stress responses of ARPE-19 cells. ARPE-19 cell lines overexpressing wild type or RNA interference against NYD-SP15 were established via lentivirus transfection. Cell growth and proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression were monitored using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, the wound scratch assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Caspase-3/8/9 activity was examined using the caspase-3/8/9 assay kit. An hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced oxidative-stress damage model was used to study the effect of NYD-SP15 knockdown by examining the activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Expressions of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap-1)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis. The mRNA chip of NYD-SP15 overexpressed ARPE-19 cells as well as controls were performed by one array plus process. Overexpression (OE) of NYD-SP15 inhibited the proliferation and migration of ARPE-19 cells, and led to apoptosis and caspase-3/9 activation. OE of NYD-SP15 inhibited MAPKs and Akt signaling. Downregulation of NYD-SP15 had no effect on the growth of normally cultured ARP19 cells with 10% fetal bovine serum, but promoted the growth of ARP19 cells in the presence of starvation challenge. Gene chip showed that OE of NYD-SP15 led to downregulation of 254 genes and upregulation of 57 genes. Downregulation of NYD-SP15 also exerted a protective effect on H 2 O 2 -induced cell apoptosis and ROS. NYD-SP15 downregulation led to increments in the expression of Nrf2, Keap-1, and HO-1 in response to 200 μM H 2 O 2 . NYD-SP15 might inhibit the growth, proliferation, and migration and promote apoptosis of ARPE-19 cells via MAPK and Akt signaling. Downregulation of NYD-SP15 could protect ARPE-19 cells from H 2 O 2 -induced oxidative damage by active Keap-1/HO-1/Nrf2, Akt, and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linnong Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liu Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixun Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The first affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu, China
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29
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Dai B, Ma Y, Yang T, Fan M, Yu R, Su Q, Wang H, Liu F, Yang C, Zhang Y. Synergistic effect of berberine and HMQ1611 impairs cell proliferation and migration by regulating Wnt signaling pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Phytother Res 2018; 33:745-755. [PMID: 30565332 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a biologically complex disease. Combination chemotherapy is a good strategy after surgery treatment. In this study, we report that berberine combined with HMQ1611 (BCH) had a good synergistic effect on the HCC. Our findings concluded that BCH showed good inhibition on the HCC proliferation and colony formation, which attributed to cell cycle arrest by BCH at G1 phase through impairing the expression of cyclinD1, cyclinE, and cdc2 and downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, and ERK. Moreover, BCH negatively regulated Wnt signaling pathway by upregulating the Axin and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of β-catenin. BCH suppressed the phosphorylation of LRP5/6, GSK3β, the expression of Wnt5a, Frizzled8, CK1, and APC, as well as the nucleus protein included MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, and c-myc. The above data of Wnt signaling regulators contributed to inhibition by BCH on cell migration. In vivo studies, BCH significantly suppressed the growth of SMMC-7721 xenograft tumors through downregulating Ki67 and β-catenin, as well as upregulating Axin and p-β-catenin. In conclusion, the results revealed that BCH exhibited potential antitumor activities against human liver cancer in vitro and in vivo, and the potential mechanism underlying these activities depended on the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingling Dai
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujiao Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Tianfeng Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Mengying Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Runze Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Qi Su
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commence, Xianyang, China
| | - Changhua Yang
- Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commence, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Shaanxi for Natural Medicines Research and Engineering, Xi'an, China
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30
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Johnson SC, Pan A, Li L, Sedensky M, Morgan P. Neurotoxicity of anesthetics: Mechanisms and meaning from mouse intervention studies. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2018; 71:22-31. [PMID: 30472095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Volatile anesthetics are widely used in human medicine and generally considered to be safe in healthy individuals. In recent years, the safety of volatile anesthesia in pediatric patients has been questioned following reports of anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in pre-clinical studies. These studies in mice, rats, and primates have demonstrated that exposure to anesthetic agents during early post-natal periods can cause acute neurotoxicity, as well as later-life cognitive defects including deficits in learning and memory. In recent years, the focus of many pre-clinical studies has been on identifying candidate pathways or potential therapeutic targets through intervention trials. These reports have shed light on the mechanisms underlying anesthesia induced neurotoxicity as well as highlighting the challenges of pre-clinical modeling of anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice. Here, we summarize the data derived from intervention studies in neonatal mouse models of anesthetic exposure and provide an overview of mechanisms proposed to mediate anesthesia induced neurotoxicity in mice based on these reports. The majority of these studies implicate one of three mechanisms: reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated stress and signaling, growth/nutrient signaling, or direct neuronal modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Johnson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America.
| | - Amanda Pan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Margaret Sedensky
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Philip Morgan
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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31
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Zhou BH, Tan PP, Jia LS, Zhao WP, Wang JC, Wang HW. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway involvement in fluoride-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 199:297-302. [PMID: 29448197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the mechanisms of fluoride-induced apoptosis, a fluoride-induced C2C12 skeletal muscle cell (C2C12 cell) model was established in this study, and the viability of the C2C12 cells was measured using an MTT assay. Cell morphological changes were observed via haematoxylin and eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was monitored through Hoechst staining. The mRNA and protein expression of PI3K, PDK1, AKT1, BAD, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 were detected through real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that the survival rates of C2C12 cells decreased gradually with an increasing fluoride doses. The C2C12 cell structure was seriously damaged by fluoride, presenting with pyknosis, mitochondrial ridge disruption and swollen endoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, the expression of mRNA in PI3K, BAD, Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-9 were significantly increased in the fluoride group (P < 0.01), while the expression of PDK1 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). The expression of protein in BAD, Bcl-2 and Bax were significantly increased in the fluoride group (P < 0.01), while the expression of PDK1 and P-AKT1 was markedly decreased (P < 0.01). In conclusion, fluoride-induced apoptosis in C2C12 cells is related to the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian-Hua Zhou
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China.
| | - Pan-Pan Tan
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Liu-Shu Jia
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Wen-Peng Zhao
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Ji-Cang Wang
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Henan Provincial Open Laboratory of Key Disciplines, Environment and Animal Products Safety, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Kaiyuan Avenue 263, Luoyang, Henan, 471000, PR China.
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32
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Di Vizio D, Solomon KR, Freeman MR. Cholesterol and Cholesterol-Rich Membranes in Prostate Cancer: An Update. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 94:633-9. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160809400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cells maintain normal structure and function by responding appropriately to cues from the surrounding milieu. Extracellular stimuli are transduced from the surface through the plasma membrane by a complex series of interactions between ligands, their receptors and intracellular signaling partners (e.g., kinases, G proteins). Cholesterol-enriched membrane microdomains, generally referred to as “lipid rafts”, exist within the lipid bilayer of all mammalian cells and play an important role in signaling from the cell surface to various subcellular compartments. Lipid rafts have also been implicated in tumor growth and aggressiveness. Epidemiological evidence suggests that the modern Western diet, which contains substantial levels of cholesterol and other fatty substances, promotes prostate cancer progression. Consistent with this idea, prolonged inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway by pharmacologic intervention in men has recently been associated with reduction in risk of advanced prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss the possibility that membrane cholesterol promotes prostate cancer progression by a mechanism that involves dysregulation of lipid raft-resident signaling complexes. This hypothesis provides new avenues for mechanistic studies as well as therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Di Vizio
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Keith R Solomon
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
| | - Michael R Freeman
- The Urological Diseases Research Center, Department of Urology, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
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Blurring Boundaries: Receptor Tyrosine Kinases as functional G Protein-Coupled Receptors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 339:1-40. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Liu Y, Wu Z, Nakanishi Y, Ni J, Hayashi Y, Takayama F, Zhou Y, Kadowaki T, Nakanishi H. Infection of microglia with Porphyromonas gingivalis promotes cell migration and an inflammatory response through the gingipain-mediated activation of protease-activated receptor-2 in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11759. [PMID: 28924232 PMCID: PMC5603557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12173-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a clear correlation between periodontitis and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, the precise mechanism underlying the relationship remains unclear. The periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis produces a unique class of cysteine proteinases termed gingipains that comprises Arg-gingipain (Rgp) and Lys-gingipain (Kgp). Rgp and Kgp are important in the bacterial mediated host cell responses and the subsequent intracellular signaling in infected cells. In the present study, we attempted to clarify the potential effects of Rgp and Kgp on the cellular activation of brain-resident microglia. We provide the first evidence that Rgp and Kgp cooperatively contribute to the P. gingivalis-induced cell migration and expression of proinflammatory mediators through the activation of protease-activated receptor 2. The subsequent activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase/ERK pathways contributes to cell migration and inflammatory response of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Liu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Zhou Wu
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.,OBT Research Center, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yurika Nakanishi
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Fumiko Takayama
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- Department of Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tomoko Kadowaki
- Division of Frontier Life Science, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakanishi
- Department of Aging Science and Pharmacology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Upstream and Downstream Co-inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and PI3K/Akt/mTOR Pathways in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2017; 18:425-35. [PMID: 27435925 PMCID: PMC5022074 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive cross talk exists between PI3K/Akt/mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and both are upregulated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our previous study suggested that epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib which acts upstream of these pathways acts synergistically with PI3K inhibitors in PDAC. Horizontal combined blockade upstream and downstream of these two pathways is therefore explored. METHODS Erlotinib paired with PI3K inhibitor (BYL719) was tested against erlotinib plus dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ-235, and MEK inhibitor (PD98059) plus BEZ235, on five primary PDAC cell lines and on two pairs of parent and erlotinib-resistant (ER) cell lines. A range of in vitro assays including cell proliferation, Western blotting, migration, clonogenic, cell cycle, and apopotic assays was used to test for the efficacy of combined blockade. RESULTS Dual downstream blockade of the MAPK and PAM pathways was more effective in attenuating downstream molecular signals. Synergy was demonstrated for erlotinib and BEZ235 and for PD-98059 and BEZ-235. This resulted in a trend of increased growth cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, cell proliferation, and colony and migration suppression. This combination showed more efficacy in cell lines with acquired resistance to erlotinib. CONCLUSIONS The additional mTOR blockade provided by BEZ235 in combined blockade resulted in increased anticancer effect. The hypersensitivity of ER cell lines to additional mTOR blockade suggested PAM pathway oncogenic dependence via mTOR. Dual downstream combined blockade of MAPK and PAM pathways with MEK and PI3K/mTOR inhibitor appeared most effective and represents an attractive therapeutic strategy against pancreatic cancer and its associated drug resistance.
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Krishna L, Dhamodaran K, Jayadev C, Chatterjee K, Shetty R, Khora SS, Das D. Nanostructured scaffold as a determinant of stem cell fate. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:188. [PMID: 28038681 PMCID: PMC5203716 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of stem cells is tightly regulated by cues from the niche, comprising both intrinsic and extrinsic cell signals. Besides chemical and growth factors, biophysical signals are important components of extrinsic signals that dictate the stem cell properties. The materials used in the fabrication of scaffolds provide the chemical cues whereas the shape of the scaffolds provides the biophysical cues. The effect of the chemical composition of the scaffolds on stem cell fate is well researched. Biophysical signals such as nanotopography, mechanical forces, stiffness of the matrix, and roughness of the biomaterial influence the fate of stem cells. However, not much is known about their role in signaling crosstalk, stem cell maintenance, and directed differentiation. Among the various techniques for scaffold design, nanotechnology has special significance. The role of nanoscale topography in scaffold design for the regulation of stem cell behavior has gained importance in regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology allows manipulation of highly advanced surfaces/scaffolds for optimal regulation of cellular behavior. Techniques such as electrospinning, soft lithography, microfluidics, carbon nanotubes, and nanostructured hydrogel are described in this review, along with their potential usage in regenerative medicine. We have also provided a brief insight into the potential signaling crosstalk that is triggered by nanomaterials that dictate a specific outcome of stem cells. This concise review compiles recent developments in nanoscale architecture and its importance in directing stem cell differentiation for prospective therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Krishna
- Stem Cell Research Lab, GROW Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamesh Dhamodaran
- Stem Cell Research Lab, GROW Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.,School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chaitra Jayadev
- Vitreoretina Services, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Shetty
- Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S S Khora
- School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Debashish Das
- Stem Cell Research Lab, GROW Lab, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
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Triterpenes in cancer: significance and their influence. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:881-96. [PMID: 27344437 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-4032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are enriched with numerous compounds with a broad spectrum of therapeutics indication suggesting the role of functional moieties as a core pharmacophore. This review highlights the role of triterpene in targeting signaling pathways in cancer. Advancement in cellular, biochemical, experimental, and computational approaches provides new insights into various pathways in cancer. In signaling network, triterpenes primarily target membrane receptors which control and modulates expression level of the biological responses. Triterpenes are immunomodulatory targeting nuclear factor kappa B, toll-like receptors, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR. Triterpenes isolated from plants and fungus mainly focus on the process of apoptosis while other signaling areas in the cancer are still shrouded. Some of the triterpenes have already passed the clinical trial, whereas many more have been proven to yield effective results. This review would help the researchers to study the role of triterpenes in cancer, thus, helping them to discover and design efficacious therapeutics agents.
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Tamura A, Matsunobu T, Tamura R, Kawauchi S, Sato S, Shiotani A. Photobiomodulation rescues the cochlea from noise-induced hearing loss via upregulating nuclear factor κB expression in rats. Brain Res 2016; 1646:467-474. [PMID: 27342816 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a noninvasive treatment that can be neuroprotective, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, we assessed the mechanism of PBM as a novel treatment for noise-induced hearing loss, focusing on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 1-octave band noise centered at 4kHz for 5h (121dB). After noise exposure, their right ears were irradiated with an 808nm diode laser beam at an output power density of 165mW/cm(2) for 30min a day for 5 consecutive days. Measurement of the auditory brainstem response revealed an accelerated recovery of auditory function in the groups treated with PBM compared with the non-treatment group at 4, 7, and 14 days after noise exposure. Immunofluorescent image analysis for inducible nitric oxide synthase and cleaved caspase-3 showed lesser immunoreactivities in outer hair cells in the PBM group compared with the non-treatment group. However, immunofluorescent image analysis for NF-κB, an upstream protein of inducible nitric oxide synthase, revealed greater activation in the PBM group compared with the naïve and non-treatment groups. Western blot analysis for NF-κB also showed stronger activation in the cochlear tissues in the PBM group compared with the naïve and non-treatment groups (p<0.01, each). These data suggest that PBM activates NF-κB to induce protection against inducible nitric oxide synthase-triggered oxidative stress and caspase-3-mediated apoptosis that occur following noise-induced hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Matsunobu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Risa Tamura
- Department of Physiology, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Satoko Kawauchi
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College Research Institute, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical College, 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-0042, Japan
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Nayak S, Siddiqui JK, Varner JD. Modelling and analysis of an ensemble of eukaryotic translation initiation models. IET Syst Biol 2016; 5:2. [PMID: 21261397 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2009.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed protein synthesis plays an important role in the cell cycle. Deregulated translation has been observed in several cancers. In this study, the authors constructed an ensemble of mathematical models describing the integration of growth factor signals with translation initiation. Using these models, the authors estimated critical structural features of the translation architecture. Sensitivity and robustness analysis with and without growth factors suggested that a balance between competing regulatory programmes governed translation initiation. Proteins such as Akt and mTor promoted initiation by integrating growth factor signals with the assembly of the 80S initiation complex. However, negative regulators such as PTEN and 4EBP1 restrained initiation in the absence of stimulation. Other proteins such as eIF4E were also found to be structurally critical as deletion of amplification of these components resulted in a network incapable of nominal operation. These findings could help understand the molecular basis of translation deregulation observed in cancer and perhaps lead to new anti-cancer therapeutic strategies. [Includes supplementary material].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nayak
- Cornell University, School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Ithaca, USA
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Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhang L, Xu A, Li Z, Xu Y, He P, Wu M, Wei F, Wang C. PTEN enhances G2/M arrest in etoposide-treated MCF‑7 cells through activation of the ATM pathway. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:2707-14. [PMID: 26986476 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As an effective tumor suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) has attracted the increased attention of scientists. Recent studies have shown that PTEN plays unique roles in the DNA damage response (DDR) and can interact with the Chk1 pathway. However, little is known about how PTEN contributes to DDR through the ATM-Chk2 pathway. It is well-known that etoposide induces G2/M arrest in a variety of cell lines, including MCF-7 cells. The DNA damage-induced G2/M arrest results from the activation of protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), followed by the activation of Chk2 that subsequently inactivates CDC25C, resulting in G2/M arrest. In the present study, we assessed the contribution of PTEN to the etoposide-induced G2/M cell cycle arrest. PTEN was knocked down in MCF-7 cells by specific shRNA, and the effects of PTEN on the ATM-Chk2 pathway were investigated through various approaches. The results showed that knockdown of PTEN strongly antagonized ATM activation in response to etoposide treatment, and thereby reduced the phosphorylation level of ATM substrates, including H2AX, P53 and Chk2. Furthermore, depletion of PTEN reduced the etoposide-induced phosphorylation of CDC25C and strikingly compromised etoposide-induced G2/M arrest in the MCF-7 cells. Altogether, we demonstrated that PTEN plays a unique role in etoposide-induced G2/M arrest by facilitating the activation of the ATM pathway, and PTEN was required for the proper activation of checkpoints in response to DNA damage in MCF-7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Anli Xu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengwei Li
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Yijuan Xu
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Pei He
- Clinical Medicine College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan 671000, P.R. China
| | - Maoqing Wu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Fengxiang Wei
- The Genetics Laboratory, Shenzhen Longgang District Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
| | - Chenhong Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518028, P.R. China
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Xuan L, Qu L, Zhou H, Wang P, Yu H, Wu T, Wang X, Li Q, Tian L, Liu M, Sun Y. Circular RNA: a novel biomarker for progressive laryngeal cancer. Am J Transl Res 2016; 13:4315-20. [PMID: 27158380 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a class of endogenous RNAs, are characterized by covalently closed continuous loop without 5' to 3' polarity and polyadenylated tail. Recent studies indicated that circRNAs might play an important role in cancer. However, the function of circRNA in laryngeal squamous cell cancer tissues (LSCC) is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the expression of circRNAs in 4 paired LSCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues by microarray analysis. Results showed significant upregulation (n = 302) of or downregulation (n = 396) of 698 circRNAs in LSCC tissues. We further detected hsa_circRNA_100855 as the most upregulated circRNA and hsa_circRNA_104912 as the most downregulated circRNA using qRT-PCR methods. Results showed that hsa_circRNA_100855 level was significantly higher in LSCC than in the corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Patients with T3-4 stage, neck nodal metastasis or advanced clinical stage had higher hsa_circRNA_100855 expression. The hsa_circRNA_104912 level was significantly lower in LSCC than in corresponding adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Patients with T3-4 stage, neck nodal metastasis, poor differentiation or advanced clinical stage had a lower hsa_circRNA_104912 expression. Overall, our data suggest that circRNAs play an important role in the tumorigenesis of LSCC and may serve as novel and stable biomarkers for the diagnosis and progress of LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Lingmei Qu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Daqing, China
| | - Han Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Haoyang Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Qiuying Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Linli Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University Harbin, China
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Hong SY, Yu FX, Luo Y, Hagen T. Oncogenic activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway promotes cellular glucose uptake by downregulating the expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein. Cell Signal 2016; 28:377-383. [PMID: 26826652 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway is known to play an important role to promote glucose metabolism in cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism through which the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway promotes glucose utilisation in cancer cells is still not well understood. It has recently been shown that the oncogenic activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling in lung adenocarcinoma is important in promoting the localisation of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) at the plasma membrane. We thus hypothesised that the effect of constitutive activation of the PI3K/AKT signalling on glucose metabolism is mediated by thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), a known regulator of the GLUT1 plasma membrane localisation. Consistent with previous studies, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway decreased cellular glucose uptake. Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signalling in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines using clinically used tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resulted in a decrease in GLUT1 membrane localisation. We also observed that inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway in various cell lines, including NSCLC cells, resulted in an increase in TXNIP expression. Importantly, knockdown of TXNIP using siRNA in the NSCLC cells promoted GLUT1 to be localised at the plasma membrane and reversed the effect of PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Together, our results suggest that the oncogenic activation of PI3K/Akt signalling promotes cellular glucose uptake, at least in part, through the regulation of TXNIP expression. This mechanism may contribute to the Warburg effect in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yee Hong
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fa-Xing Yu
- Children's Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Thilo Hagen
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597 Singapore, Singapore.
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Breast Cancer Invasion and Metastasis by mPRα Through the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 22:471-6. [PMID: 26608797 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-0023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Invasive breast cancer is the most common type of malignancy in women worldwide. However, the mechanism responsible for breast cancer metastasis is still unclear and needs further illustration. It has been proven that matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) promotes metastasis of the cancer cells. However, the interaction between mPRα and MMP-9 has not been studied. Therefore, in the present research, the effect of MMP-9 on the malignant progression of invasive breast cancer promoted by membrane progesterone receptorα (mPRα) was investigated. The results showed that the protein expression of mPRα, p-Akt and MMP-9 increased in the cancerous tissues compared to that of the noncancerous breast tissue. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between mPRα and C-erbB-2, as well as the number of involved local lymph nodes. On the other hand, a negative correlation was observed between mPRα and estrogen receptors (ER) along with progesterone receptors (PR). Similarly, a positive association was found between MMP-9 and the number of involved local lymph nodes. Besides, the high expression of MMP-9 also had a positive correlation with the tumor size. However, the high level of MMP-9 had a negative correlation with ER and PR. In addition, there was a positive correlation between mPRα and p-Akt together with MMP-9. The results confirm that mPRα was a major marker of harmful prognosis and it promoted the expression of MMP-9 during invasion to the local lymph nodes through the pathway of PI3K/Akt. The present study provided a novel therapeutic strategy to inhibit breast cancer growth by preventing mPRα signaling pathway.
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Izawa T, Horiuchi T, Atarashi M, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Anti-fibrotic Role of miR-214 in Thioacetamide-induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats. Toxicol Pathol 2015; 43:844-51. [PMID: 25755099 DOI: 10.1177/0192623315573587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of microRNAs in liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. miR-214 has recently attracted more attention as a fibrosis-related factor; however, the molecular mechanisms in hepatic fibrogenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate the pathological role of miR-214 during progression of liver cirrhosis in rats. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with thioacetamide at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, twice a week. The liver was collected at post first injection weeks 5, 10, 15, and 20. Hepatic expression of miR-214 was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and laser microdissection. The effects of miR-214 overexpression were investigated by in vitro transfection using fibroblastic MT-9 cells. miR-214 was highly upregulated in the fibrotic area in parallel with the cirrhosis progression. miR-214 overexpression in MT-9 cells under transforming growth factor-β1 stimulation resulted in decreased cell number and increased expression of cleaved caspase 3 and decreased expression of α-smooth muscle actin, suggesting that miR-214 induces apoptosis and inhibits myofibroblast differentiation in fibroblastic cells under stimulation of fibrogenic factors. These data indicate an anti-fibrotic role of miR-214 in chemically induced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan Both Takeshi Izawa and Takashi Horiuchi contributed equally to the article.
| | - Takashi Horiuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan Both Takeshi Izawa and Takashi Horiuchi contributed equally to the article
| | - Machi Atarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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Chen YQ, Zhao LY, Zhang WZ, Li T. Simvastatin reverses cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via the upregulation of phosphatase and tensin homolog expression. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:797-803. [PMID: 26622396 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of simvastatin on the protein kinase B (PKB) signaling pathway and the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). The effects of simvastatin were analyzed by administering the drug orally to male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, while the control animals received an equal volume of saline. The systolic pressure (mmHg) of the rat tail artery was measured prior to the initiation of the experiment, and once a week until the end of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized and the hearts were removed. The left ventricular and interventricular septum were weighed, after which the left ventricular mass/body mass ratio was calculated. In addition, cardiomyocytes isolated from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured with 15% fetal bovine serum to induce hypertrophy, following which the cells were treated with different doses of simvastatin. The in vitro effects were assessed by measuring the surface area of the cardiomyocytes, while the rate of protein synthesis was measured using a 3H-leucine incorporation assay and western blot analyses. Simvastatin was demonstrated to inhibit cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the in vivo and in vitro experiments. Notably, simvastatin increased PTEN expression and inhibited PKB expression in the SHR model, as well as in the cardiomyocytes in culture. In addition, the use of PTEN antisense oligodeoxynucleotides was revealed to inhibit the effects of simvastatin on cardiomyocytes. Therefore, these results indicated that simvastatin was able to reverse cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, possibly by increasing the expression of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Qing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Lian-You Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ze Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Area Command, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
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Increased Sensitivity to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss by Blockade of Endogenous PI3K/Akt Signaling. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 2015; 16:347-56. [PMID: 25790950 DOI: 10.1007/s10162-015-0508-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in mediating survival of sensory hair cells. Here, we investigated the involvement of PI3K/Akt in noise-induced hearing loss in both temporary and permanent threshold shift noise models. The PI3K regulatory subunit p85α and phosphorylation of Akt on serine 473 (p-Akt S473) are downregulated in sensory hair cells, including both outer and inner hair cells, and supporting cells of the mouse organ of Corti 1 h after exposure to permanent-threshold-shift-inducing noise (PTS noise), but not with temporary-threshold-shift-inducing noise (TTS noise). In contrast, the PI3K catalytic subunit p110α and phosphorylation of Akt on threonine 308 (p-Akt T308) do not change with PTS or TTS noise. Additionally, mice pretreated with p85α small interfering RNA (siRNA) have decreased expression of p-Akt1 (S473) in their sensory hair cells and increased sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss. Finally, Akt1-knockout mice also have enhanced sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss. In conclusion, this study suggests that endogenous PI3K/Akt signaling is an intrinsic protective mechanism of the inner ear. Blockade of PI3K/Akt signaling pathways increases sensitivity to TTS noise-induced hearing loss.
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WWP1 as a potential tumor oncogene regulates PTEN-Akt signaling pathway in human gastric carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:787-98. [PMID: 25293520 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whelming evidence has demonstrated that WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) participates in a wide variety of biological processes and is tightly related to the initiation and progression of many tumors. Currently, although mounting evidence supports a role of WWP1 in tumor promotion and tumorigenesis, the potential roles of WWP1 and its biological functions in gastric carcinoma are not fully understood. Here, we found that WWP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were highly expressed in gastric carcinoma tissues and cells. High WWP1 mRNA and protein levels were tightly related to differentiation status, TNM stage, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, WWP1 siRNA significantly decreased WWP1 protein level in MKN-45 and AGS cells; meanwhile, WWP1 depletion markedly inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis in MKN-45 and AGS cells. Most notably, WWP1 downregulation both inactivated PTEN-Akt signaling pathway in MKN-45 and AGS cells. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that WWP1 acts as an oncogenic factor and should be considered as a novel interfering molecular target for gastric carcinoma.
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48
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Camire RB, Beaulac HJ, Brule SA, McGregor AI, Lauria EE, Willis CL. Biphasic modulation of paracellular claudin-5 expression in mouse brain endothelial cells is mediated through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/AKT pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:654-62. [PMID: 25281324 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is compromised in many central nervous system disorders. Complex astrocyte and vascular endothelial cell interactions that regulate BBB integrity may be disturbed in these disorders. We previously showed that systemic administration of 3-chloropropanediol [(S)-(+)-3-chloro-1,2-propanediol] induces a transitory glial fibrillary acidic protein-astrocyte loss, reversible loss of tight junction complexes, and BBB integrity disruption. However, the intracellular signaling mechanisms that induce BBB integrity marker loss are unclear. We hypothesize that 3-chloropropanediol-induced modulation of tight junction protein expression is mediated through the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. To test this hypothesis, we used a mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) exposed to 3-chloropropanediol for up to 3 days. Results showed early reversible loss of sharp paracellular claudin-5 expression 90, 105, and 120 minutes after 3-chloropropanediol (500 μM) treatment. Sharp paracellular claudin-5 profiles were later restored, but lost again by 2 and 3 days after 3-chloropropanediol treatment. Western blot and immunofluorescence studies showed increased p85-PI3K expression and transitory increased AKT (Thr308) phosphorylation at 15 and 30 minutes after 3-chloropropanediol administration. PI3K inhibitors LY294002 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one hydrochloride; 2.5-25 μM] and PI-828 [2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-(4-aminopheny)l-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one; 0.1-10 μM] prevented the 3-chloropropanediol-induced AKT (Thr308) phosphorylation and both early and late loss of paracellular claudin-5. However, AKT inhibitors only prevented the early changes in claudin-5 expression. This mechanistic study provides a greater understanding of the intracellular signaling pathways mediating tight junction protein expression and supports a hypothesis that two independent pathways triggered by PI3K mediate early and late loss of paracellular claudin-5 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan B Camire
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Holly J Beaulac
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Stephanie A Brule
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Annie I McGregor
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Emily E Lauria
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
| | - Colin L Willis
- Westbrook College of Health Professions (R.B.C., E.E.L.), Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, and Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences (H.J.B., C.L.W.), and College of Arts and Sciences (S.A.B., A.I.M.), University of New England, Biddeford, Maine
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Yu Y, Li X, Blanchard J, Li Y, Iqbal K, Liu F, Gong CX. Insulin sensitizers improve learning and attenuate tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in 3xTg-AD mice. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 122:593-606. [PMID: 25113171 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial metabolic brain disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration. Decreased brain energy and glucose metabolism occurs before the appearance of AD symptoms and worsens while the disease progresses. Deregulated brain insulin signaling has also been found in AD recently. To restore brain insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, two insulin sensitizers commonly used for treating type 2 diabetes, have been studied and shown to have some beneficial effects in AD mouse models. However, the molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects remain elusive. In the present study, we treated the 3xTg-AD mice, a widely used mouse model of AD, with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for 4 months and studied the effects of the treatments on cognitive performance and AD-related brain alterations. We found that the chronic treatment improved spatial learning, enhanced AKT signaling, and attenuated tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. These findings shed new light on the possible mechanisms by which these two insulin sensitizers might be useful for treating AD and support further clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY, 10314-6399, USA
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Kurioka T, Matsunobu T, Niwa K, Tamura A, Satoh Y, Shiotani A. Activated protein C rescues the cochlea from noise-induced hearing loss. Brain Res 2014; 1583:201-10. [PMID: 25108045 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Activated protein C (APC) is a serine/threonine protease and a physiological anticoagulant that exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Although recent studies have revealed that APC has the potential to protect endothelial cells from apoptosis, the mechanisms of its cytoprotective effect are not fully understood. We examined the potential of APC to protect against noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) and investigated phosphorylation of serine-threonine kinase (Akt) and inhibition of apoptosis as possible cytoprotective mechanisms. We administered intraperitoneal injections of APC (150, 300 U/kg) or normal saline to rats 30 min before exposure to a sound pressure level (SPL) of 126 dB and 4-kHz octave band noise for 5h. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were measured before and after exposure. ABR and DPOAE measurements revealed greater improvement in the APC group than in the control group 28 days after exposure. Our examination of outer hair cells (OHCs) at 28 days after noise exposure revealed a significantly higher OHC survival rate in the APC group than in the control group. Immunohistochemical analyses for cleaved-caspase 3, phospho-p38 (p-p38), TUNEL, and phospho-Akt (p-Akt) revealed strong immunoreactivities against cleaved-caspase 3, p-p38, and TUNEL in the inner ear tissues of the control group; however, these signals were decreased in the APC group. Moreover, APC significantly induced activation of p-Akt in the cochlea. These findings suggest that APC has a novel protective effect on the cochlea against NIHL that is mediated by p-Akt and the anti-apoptotic signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Kurioka
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunobu
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
| | - Katsuki Niwa
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tamura
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
| | - Akihiro Shiotani
- Department of Otolaryngology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan
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