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Sherman SM, Usrey WM. Transthalamic Pathways for Cortical Function. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0909242024. [PMID: 39197951 PMCID: PMC11358609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0909-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The cerebral cortex contains multiple, distinct areas that individually perform specific computations. A particular strength of the cortex is the communication of signals between cortical areas that allows the outputs of these compartmentalized computations to influence and build on each other, thereby dramatically increasing the processing power of the cortex and its role in sensation, action, and cognition. Determining how the cortex communicates signals between individual areas is, therefore, critical for understanding cortical function. Historically, corticocortical communication was thought to occur exclusively by direct anatomical connections between areas that often sequentially linked cortical areas in a hierarchical fashion. More recently, anatomical, physiological, and behavioral evidence is accumulating indicating a role for the higher-order thalamus in corticocortical communication. Specifically, the transthalamic pathway involves projections from one area of the cortex to neurons in the higher-order thalamus that, in turn, project to another area of the cortex. Here, we consider the evidence for and implications of having two routes for corticocortical communication with an emphasis on unique processing available in the transthalamic pathway and the consequences of disorders and diseases that affect transthalamic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Murray Sherman
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - W Martin Usrey
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, California 95618
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Kim JS, Hong SB, Park KW, Lee ATC. Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Major Neurological Diseases. J Clin Neurol 2024; 20:153-165. [PMID: 38433485 PMCID: PMC10921039 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2023.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases often manifest with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as depression, emotional incontinence, anger, apathy and fatigue. In addition, affected patients may also experience psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. Various factors contribute to the development of psychotic symptoms, and the mechanisms of psychosis are similar, but still differ among various neurological diseases. Although psychotic symptoms are uncommon, and have been less well investigated, they may annoy patients and their families as well as impair the patients' quality of life and increase the caregiver burden. Therefore, we need to appropriately identify and treat these psychotic symptoms in patients with neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong S Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, Korea.
| | - Seung-Bong Hong
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Park
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Allen T C Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Kalinovic R, Pascariu A, Vlad G, Nitusca D, Sălcudean A, Sirbu IO, Marian C, Enatescu VR. Involvement of the Expression of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Schizophrenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:85. [PMID: 38256919 PMCID: PMC10818502 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of GPCRs has been associated with schizophrenia, and their expression may induce morphological changes in brain regions responsible for schizophrenia and disease-specific behavioral changes. The articles included in this review were selected using keywords and databases of scientific research websites. The expressions of GPRs have different involvements in schizophrenia, some increase the risk while others provide protection, and they may also be potential targets for new treatments. Proper evaluation of these factors is essential to have a better therapeutic response with a lower rate of chronicity and thus improve the long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raluka Kalinovic
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Eduard Pamfil Psychiatric Clinic, Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300425 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (G.V.); (V.R.E.)
| | - Andrei Pascariu
- Eduard Pamfil Psychiatric Clinic, Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300425 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (G.V.); (V.R.E.)
| | - Gabriela Vlad
- Eduard Pamfil Psychiatric Clinic, Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300425 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (G.V.); (V.R.E.)
| | - Diana Nitusca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.N.); (I.O.S.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Networks Science, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pta Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Sălcudean
- Discipline of Sociobiology, Department of Ethics and Social Sciences, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Ioan Ovidiu Sirbu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.N.); (I.O.S.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Networks Science, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pta Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (D.N.); (I.O.S.); (C.M.)
- Center for Complex Networks Science, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pta Eftimie Murgu Nr. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Virgil Radu Enatescu
- Eduard Pamfil Psychiatric Clinic, Timisoara County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 300425 Timisoara, Romania; (A.P.); (G.V.); (V.R.E.)
- Discipline of Psychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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Zhang Y, Lu Z, Sun Y, Zhang X, Li Q, Li M, Liao Y, Kang Z, Feng X, Zhao G, Sun J, Yang Y, Yan H, Zhang D, Yue W. Predictive role of pulvinar in social functional outcome of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2023; 327:115419. [PMID: 37598626 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Identifying objective biological subtypes that predict long-term functional outcomes is crucial for understanding neurobiological mechanisms and identifying potential targets. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 178 patients and 70 controls, we explored social function patterns using latent profile analysis. Long-term outcomes were compared among the biological subtypes using K-means clustering. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to identify gene expression profiles associated with alterations in activity by leveraging transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas. In patients with more functional impairment, left medial pulvinar (PM) exhibited significantly lower regional homogeneity of brain activity (ReHo, [95% CI (0.06-0.27), P = 0.002), a finding validated in the independent cohort. Functional connectivity between PM and secondary visual cortex displayed a suggestive decrease. Patients belonging to "higher pulvinar ReHo - better information processing" demonstrated better long-term outcomes and acute treatment response [95% CI (11.2-34.4), P < 0.001]. The PLSR component of imaging-transcriptomic associations partly explained the ReHo differences among patients with varying levels of functional impairment. It revealed enrichment of genes in the synaptic signaling pathway. Pathological changes in the pulvinar may affect social functioning. Higher pulvinar ReHo and better information processing, two objective biomarkers, have a predictive value for better long-term functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyanan Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhe Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yaoyao Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mingzhu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhewei Kang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyang Feng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guorui Zhao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junyuan Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Yang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hao Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing 100191, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Cognitive Disorder (2018RU006), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China.
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Zeng C, Liao S, Pu W. Trait and state-related characteristics of thalamo-cortical circuit disruption in bipolar disorder: a prospective cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1067819. [PMID: 37304427 PMCID: PMC10250647 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1067819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate the shared and distinct thalamic-cortical circuit between bipolar depression and remission, as well as to investigate the trait and state-related characteristics of the abnormal thalamic-cortical circuit in bipolar disorder. Methods Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed on 38 bipolar depression patients, 40 bipolar remission patients, and 39 gender-matched healthy controls (rsfMRI). The thalamic subregions were used as seed points to draw the functional connectivity of the entire brain, and then the shared and distinct thalamic-cortical circuits between bipolar depression and remission were compared. Results When compared to the healthy group, both groups of patients had significantly lower functional connectivity between the rostral temporal thalamus and the lingual gyrus, the posterior parietal thalamus, the precuneus/cerebellum, and the occipital thalamus and the precuneus; however, functional connectivity between the premotor thalamus and the superior medial frontal was significantly lower in depression. Conclusion This study discovered that both bipolar depression and remission had abnormal sensorimotor-thalamic functional connectivity, implying that it is a trait-related characteristic of bipolar disorder; however, the decline in prefrontal-thalamic connectivity exists specifically in bipolar depression, implying that it is a state-related characteristic of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zeng
- Department of Psychology, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - SuQun Liao
- Department of Psychology, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China
| | - Weidan Pu
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Anticevic A, Halassa MM. The thalamus in psychosis spectrum disorder. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1163600. [PMID: 37123374 PMCID: PMC10133512 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1163600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis spectrum disorder (PSD) affects 1% of the world population and results in a lifetime of chronic disability, causing devastating personal and economic consequences. Developing new treatments for PSD remains a challenge, particularly those that target its core cognitive deficits. A key barrier to progress is the tenuous link between the basic neurobiological understanding of PSD and its clinical phenomenology. In this perspective, we focus on a key opportunity that combines innovations in non-invasive human neuroimaging with basic insights into thalamic regulation of functional cortical connectivity. The thalamus is an evolutionary conserved region that forms forebrain-wide functional loops critical for the transmission of external inputs as well as the construction and update of internal models. We discuss our perspective across four lines of evidence: First, we articulate how PSD symptomatology may arise from a faulty network organization at the macroscopic circuit level with the thalamus playing a central coordinating role. Second, we discuss how recent animal work has mechanistically clarified the properties of thalamic circuits relevant to regulating cortical dynamics and cognitive function more generally. Third, we present human neuroimaging evidence in support of thalamic alterations in PSD, and propose that a similar "thalamocortical dysconnectivity" seen in pharmacological imaging (under ketamine, LSD and THC) in healthy individuals may link this circuit phenotype to the common set of symptoms in idiopathic and drug-induced psychosis. Lastly, we synthesize animal and human work, and lay out a translational path for biomarker and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- *Correspondence: Alan Anticevic,
| | - Michael M. Halassa
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Michael M. Halassa,
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Chen G, Wang J, Gong J, Qi Z, Fu S, Tang G, Chen P, Huang L, Wang Y. Functional and structural brain differences in bipolar disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2861-2873. [PMID: 36093787 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies of resting-state functional imaging and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) have revealed differences in specific brain regions of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), but the results have been inconsistent. METHODS A whole-brain voxel-wise meta-analysis was conducted on resting-state functional imaging and VBM studies that compared differences between patients with BD and healthy controls using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software. RESULTS A systematic literature search identified 51 functional imaging studies (1842 BD and 2190 controls) and 83 VBM studies (2790 BD and 3690 controls). Overall, patients with BD displayed increased resting-state functional activity in the left middle frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) extending to the right insula, right superior frontal gyrus and bilateral striatum, as well as decreased resting-state functional activity in the left middle temporal gyrus extending to the left superior temporal gyrus and post-central gyrus, left cerebellum, and bilateral precuneus. The meta-analysis of VBM showed that patients with BD displayed decreased VBM in the right IFG extending to the right insula, temporal pole and superior temporal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus extending to the left insula, temporal pole, and IFG, anterior cingulate cortex, left superior frontal gyrus (medial prefrontal cortex), left thalamus, and right fusiform gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The multimodal meta-analyses suggested that BD showed similar patterns of aberrant brain activity and structure in the insula extending to the temporal cortex, fronto-striatal-thalamic, and default-mode network regions, which provide useful insights for understanding the underlying pathophysiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiaying Gong
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Department of Radiology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China
| | - Zhangzhang Qi
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Siying Fu
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guixian Tang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
- Institute of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
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Benoit LJ, Canetta S, Kellendonk C. Thalamocortical Development: A Neurodevelopmental Framework for Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 92:491-500. [PMID: 35550792 PMCID: PMC9999366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of increased vulnerability for the development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) undergoes substantial maturation during this period, and PFC dysfunction is central to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. As a result, impaired adolescent maturation of the PFC has been proposed as a mechanism in the etiology of the disorder and its cognitive symptoms. In adulthood, PFC function is tightly linked to its reciprocal connections with the thalamus, and acutely inhibiting thalamic inputs to the PFC produces impairments in PFC function and cognitive deficits. Here, we propose that thalamic activity is equally important during adolescence because it is required for proper PFC circuit development. Because thalamic abnormalities have been observed early in the progression of schizophrenia, we further postulate that adolescent thalamic dysfunction can have long-lasting consequences for PFC function and cognition in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Benoit
- Graduate Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sarah Canetta
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Developmental Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Christoph Kellendonk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York.
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The mGlu 7 receptor in schizophrenia - An update and future perspectives. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 218:173430. [PMID: 35870668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mGlu7 receptor belongs to the III group of metabotropic glutamatergic (mGlu) receptors and physiologically serves as an "emergency" receptor that is activated by high, almost pathological, glutamate concentrations. Of all mGlu receptors, this receptor is most highly expressed in the brain. Additionally, relatively intense expression of the receptor was found at the periphery, for example in the bowels or in the reproductive system of male mice, but this review will be focused predominantly on its role in the brain. In the CNS, the receptor is expressed presynaptically, in the center of the synaptic cleft, at the terminals of both excitatory glutamatergic and inhibitory GABAergic neurons. Thus, it may regulate the release of both glutamate and GABA. Schizophrenia is thought to develop as a consequence of a disturbed glutamatergic-GABAergic balance in different parts of the brain. Thus, the mGlu7 receptor may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and consequently constitute the target for antipsychotic drug discovery. In this review, we summarize the available data about mGlu7 receptor ligands and their activity in animal models of schizophrenia. At present, only a few ligands are available, and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) appear to exert antipsychotic-like efficacy, indicating that the inhibition of the receptor could constitute a promising target in the search for novel drugs. Additionally, the data concerning the expression of the receptor in the CNS and putative mechanisms by which its inhibition may contribute to the treatment of schizophrenia will be discussed. Finally, the polymorphisms of genes encoding the receptor in schizophrenic patients will also be provided.
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Abram SV, Roach BJ, Fryer SL, Calhoun VD, Preda A, van Erp TGM, Bustillo JR, Lim KO, Loewy RL, Stuart BK, Krystal JH, Ford JM, Mathalon DH. Validation of ketamine as a pharmacological model of thalamic dysconnectivity across the illness course of schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:2448-2456. [PMID: 35422467 PMCID: PMC9135621 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) hypofunction is a leading pathophysiological model of schizophrenia. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) studies demonstrate a thalamic dysconnectivity pattern in schizophrenia involving excessive connectivity with sensory regions and deficient connectivity with frontal, cerebellar, and thalamic regions. The NMDAR antagonist ketamine, when administered at sub-anesthetic doses to healthy volunteers, induces transient schizophrenia-like symptoms and alters rsfMRI thalamic connectivity. However, the extent to which ketamine-induced thalamic dysconnectivity resembles schizophrenia thalamic dysconnectivity has not been directly tested. The current double-blind, placebo-controlled study derived an NMDAR hypofunction model of thalamic dysconnectivity from healthy volunteers undergoing ketamine infusions during rsfMRI. To assess whether ketamine-induced thalamic dysconnectivity was mediated by excess glutamate release, we tested whether pre-treatment with lamotrigine, a glutamate release inhibitor, attenuated ketamine's effects. Ketamine produced robust thalamo-cortical hyper-connectivity with sensory and motor regions that was not reduced by lamotrigine pre-treatment. To test whether the ketamine thalamic dysconnectivity pattern resembled the schizophrenia pattern, a whole-brain template representing ketamine's thalamic dysconnectivity effect was correlated with individual participant rsfMRI thalamic dysconnectivity maps, generating "ketamine similarity coefficients" for people with chronic (SZ) and early illness (ESZ) schizophrenia, individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P), and healthy controls (HC). Similarity coefficients were higher in SZ and ESZ than in HC, with CHR-P showing an intermediate trend. Higher ketamine similarity coefficients correlated with greater hallucination severity in SZ. Thus, NMDAR hypofunction, modeled with ketamine, reproduces the thalamic hyper-connectivity observed in schizophrenia across its illness course, including the CHR-P period preceding psychosis onset, and may contribute to hallucination severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha V Abram
- Sierra Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Centers, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Brian J Roach
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Susanna L Fryer
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Adrian Preda
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine Medical Center, 101 The City Dr. S, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, 5251 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
- Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Juan R Bustillo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87111, USA
| | - Kelvin O Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Rachel L Loewy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Barbara K Stuart
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA, 94121, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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Chen Y, Womer FY, Feng R, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Duan J, Chang M, Yin Z, Jiang X, Wei S, Wei Y, Tang Y, Wang F. A Real-World Observation of Antipsychotic Effects on Brain Volumes and Intrinsic Brain Activity in Schizophrenia. Front Neurosci 2022; 15:749316. [PMID: 35221884 PMCID: PMC8863862 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.749316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe confounding effects of antipsychotics that led to the inconsistencies of neuroimaging findings have long been the barriers to understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SZ). Although it is widely accepted that antipsychotics can alleviate psychotic symptoms during the early most acute phase, the longer-term effects of antipsychotics on the brain have been unclear. This study aims to look at the susceptibility of different imaging measures to longer-term medicated status through real-world observation.MethodsWe compared gray matter volume (GMV) with amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs) in 89 medicated-schizophrenia (med-SZ), 81 unmedicated-schizophrenia (unmed-SZ), and 235 healthy controls (HC), and the differences were explored for relationships between imaging modalities and clinical variables. We also analyzed age-related effects on GMV and ALFF values in the two patient groups (med-SZ and unmed-SZ).ResultsMed-SZ demonstrated less GMV in the prefrontal cortex, temporal lobe, cingulate gyri, and left insula than unmed-SZ and HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Additionally, GMV loss correlated with psychiatric symptom relief in all SZ. However, medicated status did not influence ALFF values: all SZ showed increased ALFF in the anterior cerebrum and decreased ALFF in posterior visual cortices compared with HC (p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Age-related GMV effects were seen in all regions, which showed group-level differences except fusiform gyrus. No significant correlation was found between ALFF values and psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionGMV loss appeared to be pronounced to longer-term antipsychotics, whereby imbalanced alterations in regional low-frequency fluctuations persisted unaffected by antipsychotic treatment. Our findings may help to understand the disease course of SZ and potentially identify a reliable neuroimaging feature for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fay Y. Womer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Ruiqi Feng
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhe Zhang
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- Functional Brain Imaging Institute of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Duan
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyang Yin
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yange Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yanqing Tang,
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Early Intervention Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Fei Wang,
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12
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Jiang Y, Patton MH, Zakharenko SS. A Case for Thalamic Mechanisms of Schizophrenia: Perspective From Modeling 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:769969. [PMID: 34955759 PMCID: PMC8693383 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.769969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe, chronic psychiatric disorder that devastates the lives of millions of people worldwide. The disease is characterized by a constellation of symptoms, ranging from cognitive deficits, to social withdrawal, to hallucinations. Despite decades of research, our understanding of the neurobiology of the disease, specifically the neural circuits underlying schizophrenia symptoms, is still in the early stages. Consequently, the development of therapies continues to be stagnant, and overall prognosis is poor. The main obstacle to improving the treatment of schizophrenia is its multicausal, polygenic etiology, which is difficult to model. Clinical observations and the emergence of preclinical models of rare but well-defined genomic lesions that confer substantial risk of schizophrenia (e.g., 22q11.2 microdeletion) have highlighted the role of the thalamus in the disease. Here we review the literature on the molecular, cellular, and circuitry findings in schizophrenia and discuss the leading theories in the field, which point to abnormalities within the thalamus as potential pathogenic mechanisms of schizophrenia. We posit that synaptic dysfunction and oscillatory abnormalities in neural circuits involving projections from and within the thalamus, with a focus on the thalamocortical circuits, may underlie the psychotic (and possibly other) symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stanislav S. Zakharenko
- Division of Neural Circuits and Behavior, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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13
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Mapping thalamocortical functional connectivity with large-scale brain networks in patients with first-episode psychosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19815. [PMID: 34615924 PMCID: PMC8494789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal thalamocortical networks involving specific thalamic nuclei have been implicated in schizophrenia pathophysiology. While comparable topography of anatomical and functional connectivity abnormalities has been reported in patients across illness stages, previous functional studies have been confined to anatomical pathways of thalamocortical networks. To address this issue, we incorporated large-scale brain network dynamics into examining thalamocortical functional connectivity. Forty patients with first-episode psychosis and forty healthy controls underwent T1-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Independent component analysis of voxelwise thalamic functional connectivity maps parcellated the cortex into thalamus-related networks, and thalamic subdivisions associated with these networks were delineated. Functional connectivity of (1) networks with the thalamus and (2) thalamic subdivision seeds were examined. In patients, functional connectivity of the salience network with the thalamus was decreased and localized to the ventrolateral (VL) and ventroposterior (VP) thalamus, while that of a network comprising the cerebellum, temporal and parietal regions was increased and localized to the mediodorsal (MD) thalamus. In patients, thalamic subdivision encompassing the VL and VP thalamus demonstrated hypoconnectivity and that encompassing the MD and pulvinar regions demonstrated hyperconnectivity. Our results extend the implications of disrupted thalamocortical networks involving specific thalamic nuclei to dysfunctional large-scale brain network dynamics in schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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14
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Guy B, Zhang JS, Duncan LH, Johnston RJ. Human neural organoids: Models for developmental neurobiology and disease. Dev Biol 2021; 478:102-121. [PMID: 34181916 PMCID: PMC8364509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Human organoids stand at the forefront of basic and translational research, providing experimentally tractable systems to study human development and disease. These stem cell-derived, in vitro cultures can generate a multitude of tissue and organ types, including distinct brain regions and sensory systems. Neural organoid systems have provided fundamental insights into molecular mechanisms governing cell fate specification and neural circuit assembly and serve as promising tools for drug discovery and understanding disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss several human neural organoid systems, how they are generated, advances in 3D imaging and bioengineering, and the impact of organoid studies on our understanding of the human nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Guy
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Jingliang Simon Zhang
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Leighton H Duncan
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Johnston
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
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15
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Zhou M, Zhuo L, Ji R, Gao Y, Yao H, Feng R, Zhang L, Huang G, Huang X. Alterations in functional network centrality in first-episode drug-naïve adolescent-onset schizophrenia. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:316-323. [PMID: 34410608 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a disorder resulting from aberrant brain networks and circuits. In the current study, we aimed to investigate specific network alterations in adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) and to help identify the neurophysiological mechanisms of this adolescent disorder. We recruited forty-one subjects, including 20 AOS patients and 21 matched healthy controls (HCs), and we acquired brain images to examine the specific changes in functional network patterns using degree centrality (DC), which quantifies the strength of the local functional connectivity hubs. Whole-brain correlation analysis was applied to assess the relationships between clinical characteristics and DC measurements. The AOS group exhibited increased DC in the right inferior frontal lobe, right fusiform gyrus and right thalamus (p < 0.05, AlphaSim correction). Whole-brain correlation analysis found that the DC value in the right parahippocampus was positively correlated with PANSS-positive symptom scores (r = 0.80); DC in the right superior parietal lobe (SPL) was positively correlated with PANSS-negative symptom scores (r = 0.79); DC in the left precuneus was positively correlated with self-certainty (SC) scores (r = 0.70); and DC in the left medial frontal gyrus (MFG) was negatively correlated with self-reflectiveness (SR) scores (r = 0.69). We conclude that frontoparietal network and cortico-thalamo-cortical pathway disruptions could play key roles in the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying AOS. In AOS patients, the right parahippocampus and SPL are important structures associated with positive and negative symptoms, respectively, and the left precuneus and MFG contribute to deficits in cognitive insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhuo
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruofei Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongchao Yao
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruohan Feng
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guoping Huang
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Psychiatry, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Center of Psychoradiology, Department of Radiology, The Third Hospital of Mianyang/Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China. .,Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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16
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Steullet P. Thalamus-related anomalies as candidate mechanism-based biomarkers for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2020; 226:147-157. [PMID: 31147286 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Identification of reliable biomarkers of prognosis in subjects with high risk to psychosis is an essential step to improve care and treatment of this population of help-seekers. Longitudinal studies highlight some clinical criteria, cognitive deficits, patterns of gray matter alterations and profiles of blood metabolites that provide some levels of prediction regarding the conversion to psychosis. Further effort is warranted to validate these results and implement these types of approaches in clinical settings. Such biomarkers may however fall short in entangling the biological mechanisms underlying the disease progression, an essential step in the development of novel therapies. Circuit-based approaches, which map on well-identified cerebral functions, could meet these needs. Converging evidence indicates that thalamus abnormalities are central to schizophrenia pathophysiology, contributing to clinical symptoms, cognitive and sensory deficits. This review highlights the various thalamus-related anomalies reported in individuals with genetic risks and in the different phases of the disorder, from prodromal to chronic stages. Several anomalies are potent endophenotypes, while others exist in clinical high-risk subjects and worsen in those who convert to full psychosis. Aberrant functional coupling between thalamus and cortex, low glutamate content and readouts from resting EEG carry predictive values for transition to psychosis or functional outcome. In this context, thalamus-related anomalies represent a valuable entry point to tackle circuit-based alterations associated with the emergence of psychosis. This review also proposes that longitudinal surveys of neuroimaging, EEG readouts associated with circuits encompassing the mediodorsal, pulvinar in high-risk individuals could unveil biological mechanisms contributing to this psychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Steullet
- Center of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Site de Cery, 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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17
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Brain structural correlates of functional capacity in first-episode psychosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17229. [PMID: 33056996 PMCID: PMC7560620 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired functional capacity is a core feature of schizophrenia and presents even in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. Impairments in daily functioning tend to persist despite antipsychotic therapy but their neural basis is less clear. Previous studies suggest that volume loss in frontal cortex might be an important contributor, but findings are inconsistent. We aimed to comprehensively investigate the brain structural correlates of functional capacity in FEP using MRI and a reliable objective measure of functioning [University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment (UPSA)]. In a sample of FEP (n = 39) and a well-matched control group (n = 21), we measured cortical thickness, gray matter volume, and white matter tract integrity (fractional anisotropy, FA) within brain regions implicated by previous work. The FEP group had thinner cortex in various frontal regions and fusiform, and reduced FA in inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). In FEP, poorer functional capacity correlated with reduced superior frontal volume and lower FA in left ILF. Importantly, frontal brain volumes and integrity of the ILF were identified as the structural correlates of functional capacity in FEP, controlling for other relevant factors. These findings enhance mechanistic understanding of functional capacity deficits in schizophrenia by specifying the underlying neural correlates. In future, this could help inform intervention strategies.
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18
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Dolleman-van der Weel MJ, Witter MP. The thalamic midline nucleus reuniens: potential relevance for schizophrenia and epilepsy. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 119:422-439. [PMID: 33031816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anatomical, electrophysiological and behavioral studies in rodents have shown that the thalamic midline nucleus reuniens (RE) is a crucial link in the communication between hippocampal formation (HIP, i.e., CA1, subiculum) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), important structures for cognitive and executive functions. A common feature in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative brain diseases is a dysfunctional connectivity/communication between HIP and mPFC, and disturbances in the cognitive domain. Therefore, it is assumed that aberrant functioning of RE may contribute to behavioral/cognitive impairments in brain diseases characterized by cortico-thalamo-hippocampal circuit dysfunctions. In the human brain the connections of RE are largely unknown. Yet, recent studies have found important similarities in the functional connectivity of HIP-mPFC-RE in humans and rodents, making cautious extrapolating experimental findings from animal models to humans justifiable. The focus of this review is on a potential involvement of RE in schizophrenia and epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Dolleman-van der Weel
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
| | - M P Witter
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim NO-7491, Norway.
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19
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Sheffield JM, Huang AS, Rogers BP, Giraldo-Chica M, Landman BA, Blackford JU, Heckers S, Woodward ND. Thalamocortical Anatomical Connectivity in Schizophrenia and Psychotic Bipolar Disorder. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1062-1071. [PMID: 32219397 PMCID: PMC7505173 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anatomical connectivity between the thalamus and cortex, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), is abnormal in schizophrenia. Overlapping phenotypes, including deficits in executive cognitive abilities dependent on PFC-thalamic circuitry, suggest dysrupted thalamocortical anatomical connectivity may extend to psychotic bipolar disorder. We tested this hypothesis and examined the impact of illness stage to inform when in the illness course thalamocortical dysconnectivity emerges. METHODS Diffusion-weighted imaging data were collected on 70 healthy individuals and 124 people with a psychotic disorder (schizophrenia spectrum = 75; psychotic bipolar disorder = 49), including 62 individuals in the early stage of psychosis. Anatomical connectivity between major divisions of the cortex and thalamus was quantified using probabilistic tractography and compared between groups. Associations between PFC-thalamic anatomical connectivity and executive cognitive abilities were examined using regression analysis. RESULTS Psychosis was associated with lower PFC-thalamic and elevated somatosensory-thalamic anatomical connectivity. Follow-up analyses established that lower PFC-thalamic and elevated somatosensory-thalamic anatomical connectivity were present in both schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder. Lower PFC-thalamic anatomical connectivity was also present in early-stage and chronic psychosis. Contrary to expectations, lower PFC-thalamic anatomical connectivity was not associated with impaired executive cognitive abilities. CONCLUSIONS Altered thalamocortical anatomical connectivity, especially reduced PFC-thalamic connectivity, is a transdiagnostic feature of psychosis detectable in the early stage of illness. Further work is required to elucidate the functional consequences of the full spectrum of thalamocortical connectivity abnormalities in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Sheffield
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Anna S Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Baxter P Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Bennett A Landman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN
| | - Jennifer Urbano Blackford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Research and Development, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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20
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A single psychotomimetic dose of ketamine decreases thalamocortical spindles and delta oscillations in the sedated rat. Schizophr Res 2020; 222:362-374. [PMID: 32507548 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with psychotic disorders, sleep spindles are reduced, supporting the hypothesis that the thalamus and glutamate receptors play a crucial etio-pathophysiological role, whose underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that a reduced function of NMDA receptors is involved in the spindle deficit observed in schizophrenia. METHODS An electrophysiological multisite cell-to-network exploration was used to investigate, in pentobarbital-sedated rats, the effects of a single psychotomimetic dose of the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist ketamine in the sensorimotor and associative/cognitive thalamocortical (TC) systems. RESULTS Under the control condition, spontaneously-occurring spindles (intra-frequency: 10-16 waves/s) and delta-frequency (1-4 Hz) oscillations were recorded in the frontoparietal cortical EEG, in thalamic extracellular recordings, in dual juxtacellularly recorded GABAergic thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) and glutamatergic TC neurons, and in intracellularly recorded TC neurons. The TRN cells rhythmically exhibited robust high-frequency bursts of action potentials (7 to 15 APs at 200-700 Hz). A single administration of low-dose ketamine fleetingly reduced TC spindles and delta oscillations, amplified ongoing gamma-(30-80 Hz) and higher-frequency oscillations, and switched the firing pattern of both TC and TRN neurons from a burst mode to a single AP mode. Furthermore, ketamine strengthened the gamma-frequency band TRN-TC connectivity. The antipsychotic clozapine consistently prevented the ketamine effects on spindles, delta- and gamma-/higher-frequency TC oscillations. CONCLUSION The present findings support the hypothesis that NMDA receptor hypofunction is involved in the reduction in sleep spindles and delta oscillations. The ketamine-induced swift conversion of ongoing TC-TRN activities may have involved at least both the ascending reticular activating system and the corticothalamic pathway.
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21
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Brain structural correlates of familial risk for mental illness: a meta-analysis of voxel-based morphometry studies in relatives of patients with psychotic or mood disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:1369-1379. [PMID: 32353861 PMCID: PMC7297956 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are heritable psychiatric disorders with partially overlapping genetic liability. Shared and disorder-specific neurobiological abnormalities associated with familial risk for developing mental illnesses are largely unknown. We performed a meta-analysis of structural brain imaging studies in relatives of patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD to identify overlapping and discrete brain structural correlates of familial risk for mental disorders. Search for voxel-based morphometry studies in relatives of patients with SCZ, BD, and MDD in PubMed and Embase identified 33 studies with 2292 relatives and 2052 healthy controls (HC). Seed-based d Mapping software was used to investigate global differences in gray matter volumes between relatives as a group versus HC, and between those of each psychiatric disorder and HC. As a group, relatives exhibited gray matter abnormalities in left supramarginal gyrus, right striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, left thalamus, bilateral insula, right cerebellum, and right superior frontal gyrus, compared with HC. Decreased right cerebellar gray matter was the only abnormality common to relatives of all three conditions. Subgroup analyses showed disorder-specific gray matter abnormalities in left thalamus and bilateral insula associated with risk for SCZ, in left supramarginal gyrus and right frontal regions with risk for BD, and in right striatum with risk for MDD. While decreased gray matter in right cerebellum might be a common brain structural abnormality associated with shared risk for SCZ, BD, and MDD, regional gray matter abnormalities in neocortex, thalamus, and striatum appear to be disorder-specific.
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Mancini V, Zöller D, Schneider M, Schaer M, Eliez S. Abnormal Development and Dysconnectivity of Distinct Thalamic Nuclei in Patients With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome Experiencing Auditory Hallucinations. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2020; 5:875-890. [PMID: 32620531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies in patients with schizophrenia have demonstrated an abnormal thalamic volume and thalamocortical connectivity. Specifically, hyperconnectivity with somatosensory areas has been related to the presence of auditory hallucinations (AHs). The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a neurogenetic disorder conferring proneness to develop schizophrenia, and deletion carriers (22qdel carriers) experience hallucinations to a greater extent than the general population. METHODS We acquired 442 consecutive magnetic resonance imaging scans from 120 22qdel carriers and 110 control subjects every 3 years (age range: 8-35 years). The volume of thalamic nuclei was obtained with FreeSurfer and was compared between 22qdel carriers and control subjects and between 22qdel carriers with and without AHs. In a subgroup of 76 22qdel carriers, we evaluated the functional connectivity between thalamic nuclei affected in patients experiencing AHs and cortical regions. RESULTS As compared with control subjects, 22qdel carriers had lower and higher volumes of nuclei involved in sensory processing and cognitive functions, respectively. 22qdel carriers with AHs had a smaller volume of the medial geniculate nucleus, with deviant trajectories showing a steeper volume decrease from childhood with respect to those without AHs. Moreover, we showed an aberrant development of nuclei intercalated between the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (the anteroventral and medioventral reuniens nuclei) and hyperconnectivity of the medial geniculate nucleus and anteroventral nucleus with the auditory cortex and Wernicke's area. CONCLUSIONS The increased connectivity of the medial geniculate nucleus and anteroventral nucleus to the auditory cortex might be interpreted as a lack of maturation of thalamocortical connectivity. Overall, our findings point toward an aberrant development of thalamic nuclei and an immature pattern of connectivity with temporal regions in relation to AHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mancini
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniela Zöller
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maude Schneider
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Clinical Psychology Unit for Developmental and Intellectual Disabilities, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Neuroscience, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Research Group Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie Schaer
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Eliez
- Developmental Imaging and Psychopathology Laboratory, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva School of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
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Wang J, Jiang Y, Tang Y, Xia M, Curtin A, Li J, Sheng J, Zhang T, Li C, Hui L, Zhu H, Biswal BB, Jia Q, Luo C, Wang J. Altered functional connectivity of the thalamus induced by modified electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2020; 218:209-218. [PMID: 31956007 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be effective in schizophrenia (SZ), particularly in drug-refractory cases or when rapid symptom relief is needed. However, its precise mechanisms of action remain largely unclear. To clarify the mechanisms underlying modified electroconvulsive therapy (mECT) for SZ, we conducted a longitudinal cohort study evaluating functional connectivity of the thalamus before and after mECT treatment using sub-regions of thalamus as regions of interest (ROIs). METHODS Twenty-one SZ individuals taking only antipsychotics (DSZ group) for 4 weeks and 21 SZ patients receiving a regular course of mECT combining with antipsychotics (MSZ group) were observed in parallel. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans at baseline (t1) and follow-up (t2, ~4 weeks) time points. Data were compared to a matched healthy control group (HC group) consisting of 23 persons who were only scanned at baseline. Group differences in changes of thalamic functional connectivity between two SZ groups over time, as well as in functional connectivity among two SZ groups and HC group were assessed. RESULTS Significant interaction of group by time was found in functional connectivity of the right thalamus to right putamen during the course of about 4-week treatment. Post-hoc analysis showed a significantly enhanced functional connectivity of the right thalamus to right putamen in the MSZ group contrasting to the DSZ group. In addition, a decreased and an increased functional connectivity of the thalamus to sensory cortex were observed within the MSZ and DSZ group after 4-week treatment trial, respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that changes in functional connectivity of the thalamus may be associated with the brain mechanisms of mECT for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Yingying Tang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Mengqing Xia
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Adrian Curtin
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Med-X Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200300, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jianhua Sheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China
| | - Bharat B Biswal
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Qiufang Jia
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215137, China.
| | - Cheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology (CEBSIT), Chinese Academy of Science, China; Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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Schleifer C, Lin A, Kushan L, Ji JL, Yang G, Bearden CE, Anticevic A. Dissociable Disruptions in Thalamic and Hippocampal Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Youth with 22q11.2 Deletions. J Neurosci 2019; 39:1301-1319. [PMID: 30478034 PMCID: PMC6381244 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3470-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a recurrent copy number variant with high penetrance for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Study of individuals with 22q11DS therefore may offer key insights into neural mechanisms underlying such complex illnesses. Resting-state functional connectivity MRI studies in idiopathic schizophrenia have consistently revealed disruption of thalamic and hippocampal circuitry. Here, we sought to test whether this circuitry is similarly disrupted in the context of this genetic high-risk condition. To this end, resting-state functional connectivity patterns were assessed in a sample of human youth with 22q11DS (n = 42; 59.5% female) and demographically matched healthy controls (n = 39; 53.8% female). Neuroimaging data were acquired via single-band protocols and analyzed in line with methods provided by the Human Connectome Project. We computed functional relationships between individual-specific anatomically defined thalamic and hippocampal seeds and all gray matter voxels in the brain. Whole-brain Type I error protection was achieved through nonparametric permutation-based methods. The 22q11DS patients displayed dissociable disruptions in thalamic and hippocampal functional connectivity relative to control subjects. Thalamocortical coupling was increased in somatomotor regions and reduced across associative networks. The opposite effect was observed for the hippocampus in regards to somatomotor and associative network connectivity. The thalamic and hippocampal dysconnectivity observed in 22q11DS suggests that high genetic risk for psychiatric illness is linked with disruptions in large-scale corticosubcortical networks underlying higher-order cognitive functions. These effects highlight the translational importance of large-effect copy number variants for informing mechanisms underlying neural disruptions observed in idiopathic developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Investigation of neuroimaging biomarkers in highly penetrant genetic syndromes represents a more biologically tractable approach to identify neural circuit disruptions underlying developmental neuropsychiatric conditions. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome confers particularly high risk for psychotic disorders and is thus an important translational model in which to investigate systems-level mechanisms implicated in idiopathic illness. Here, we show resting-state fMRI evidence of large-scale sensory and executive network disruptions in youth with 22q11DS. In particular, this study provides the first evidence that these networks are disrupted in a dissociable fashion with regard to the functional connectivity of the thalamus and hippocampus, suggesting circuit-level dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Schleifer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Leila Kushan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Jie Lisa Ji
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Genevieve Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095,
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06511,
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
- Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut 06519
- NIAAA Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism, New Haven, Connecticut 06519, and
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Connecticut 06520
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25
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Ichinose M, Park S. Mechanisms Underlying Visuospatial Working Memory Impairments in Schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2019; 41:345-367. [PMID: 31407240 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2019_99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Working memory deficits are observed in the vast majority of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and those at risk for the disorder. Working memory impairments are present during the prodromal stage and persist throughout the course of schizophrenia. Given the importance of cognition in functional outcome, working memory deficits are an important therapeutic target for schizophrenia. This chapter examines mechanisms underlying working memory deficits in schizophrenia, focusing on the roles of perception and attention in the encoding process. Lastly, we present a comprehensive discussion of neural oscillation and internal noise in the context of the etiology of working memory deficits in schizophrenia and introduce noninvasive treatment strategies that could improve encoding processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Ichinose
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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26
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Tecelão D, Mendes A, Martins D, Fu C, Chaddock CA, Picchioni MM, McDonald C, Kalidindi S, Murray R, Prata DP. The effect of psychosis associated CACNA1C, and its epistasis with ZNF804A, on brain function. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2018; 18:e12510. [PMID: 30079586 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CACNA1C-rs1006737 and ZNF804A-rs1344706 polymorphisms are among the most robustly associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), and recently with brain phenotypes. As these patients show abnormal verbal fluency (VF) and related brain activation, we asked whether the latter was affected by these polymorphisms (alone and in interaction)-to better understand how they might induce risk. We recently reported effects on functional VF-related (for ZNF804A-rs1344706) and structural (for both) connectivity. We genotyped and fMRI-scanned 54 SCZ, 40 BD and 80 controls during VF. With SPM, we assessed the main effect of CACNA1C-rs1006737, and its interaction with ZNF804A-rs1344706, and their interaction with diagnosis, on regional brain activation and functional connectivity (psychophysiological interactions-PPI). Using public data, we reported effects of CACNA1C-rs1006737 and diagnosis on brain expression. The CACNA1C-rs1006737 risk allele was associated with increased activation, particularly in the bilateral prefronto-temporal cortex and thalamus; decreased PPI, especially in the left temporal cortex; and gene expression in white matter and the cerebellum. We also found unprecedented evidence for epistasis (interaction between genetic polymorphisms) in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and cingulate and temporal cortical activation; and CACNA1C up-regulation in SCZ and BD parietal cortices. Some effects were dependent on BD/SCZ diagnosis. All imaging results were whole-brain, voxel-wise, and familywise-error corrected. Our results support evidence implicating CACNA1C and ZNF804A in BD and SCZ, adding novel imaging evidence in clinical populations, and of epistasis-which needs further replication. Further scrutiny of the inherent neurobiological mechanisms may disclose their potential as putative drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Tecelão
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Mendes
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa
| | - Daniel Martins
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cynthia Fu
- School of Psychology, The University of East London, London, UK
| | - Christopher A Chaddock
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marco M Picchioni
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,St. Andrew's Academic Department, St Andrew's Healthcare, Northampton, UK
| | - Colm McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging and Cognitive Genomics (NICOG) & NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Sridevi Kalidindi
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana P Prata
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Cis-IUL, Lisbon, Portugal
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27
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Wolf R, Dobrowolny H, Nullmeier S, Bogerts B, Schwegler H. Effects of neonatal excitotoxic lesions in ventral thalamus on social interaction in the rat. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2018; 268:461-470. [PMID: 28361258 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of the thalamus in schizophrenia has increasingly been studied in recent years. Deficits in the ventral thalamus have been described in only few postmortem and neuroimaging studies. We utilised our previously introduced neurodevelopmental animal model, the neonatal excitotoxic lesion of the ventral thalamus of Sprague-Dawley rats (Wolf et al., Pharmacopsychiatry 43:99-109, 22). At postnatal day (PD7), male pubs received bilateral thalamic infusions with ibotenic acid (IBA) or artificial cerebrospinal fluid (control). In adulthood, social interaction of two animals not familiar to each other was studied by a computerised video tracking system. This study displays clear lesion effects on social interaction of adult male rats. The significant reduction of total contact time and the significant increase in distance between the animals in the IBA group compared to controls can be interpreted as social withdrawal modelling a negative symptom of schizophrenia. The significant increase of total distance travelled in the IBA group can be hypothesised as agitation modelling a positive symptom of schizophrenia. Using a triple concept of social interaction, the percentage of no social interaction (Non-SI%) was significantly larger, and inversely, the percentage of passive social interaction (SI-passive%) was significantly smaller in the IBA group when compared to controls. In conclusion, on the background of findings in schizophrenic patients, the effects of neonatal ventral thalamic IBA lesions in adult male rats support the hypothesis of face and construct validity as animal model of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Alexandrinenstr. 1, 44791, Bochum, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sven Nullmeier
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Herbert Schwegler
- Institute of Anatomy, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
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28
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Yeum TS, Kang UG. Reduction in Alpha Peak Frequency and Coherence on Quantitative Electroencephalography in Patients with Schizophrenia. J Korean Med Sci 2018; 33:e179. [PMID: 29930490 PMCID: PMC6010743 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2018.33.e179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to examine the characteristics of alpha wave peak frequency, power, and coherence in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Thirty-one patients with schizophrenia and age- and sex-matched subjects with no psychopathology were enrolled. All study participants underwent quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG). Alpha-related values, including peak frequency, power, and coherence, were evaluated. RESULTS Alpha peak frequency on the Oz area was slower in the schizophrenia group than that in the control group. However, no differences in absolute or relative power were observed between the two groups. Significant reductions in absolute and relative coherence were observed at the C3-C4 and T3-T4 nodes in the patients with schizophrenia. Relative coherence was reduced at the P3-P4 nodes. CONCLUSION This study focused on alpha variables detected in QEEG as intrinsic values to distinguish schizophrenia from a healthy control. The results suggest decreased alpha peak frequency of the occipital lobe and decreased coherence between the two hemispheres in patients with schizophrenia. A further study could elucidate the causal relationship and biological meaning of the variations in alpha waves in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Sung Yeum
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ung Gu Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Anderson PM, Jones NC, O'Brien TJ, Pinault D. The N-Methyl d-Aspartate Glutamate Receptor Antagonist Ketamine Disrupts the Functional State of the Corticothalamic Pathway. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:3172-3185. [PMID: 27261525 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-competitive N-methyl d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine elicits a brain state resembling high-risk states for developing psychosis and early stages of schizophrenia characterized by sensory and cognitive deficits and aberrant ongoing gamma (30-80 Hz) oscillations in cortical and subcortical structures, including the thalamus. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. The goal of the present study was to determine whether a ketamine-induced psychotic-relevant state disturbs the functional state of the corticothalamic (CT) pathway. Multisite field recordings were performed in the somatosensory CT system of the sedated rat. Baseline activity was challenged by activation of vibrissa-related prethalamic inputs. The sensory-evoked thalamic response was characterized by a short-latency (∼4 ms) prethalamic-mediated negative sharp potential and a longer latency (∼10 ms) CT-mediated negative potential. Following a single subcutaneous injection of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg), spontaneously occurring and sensory-evoked thalamic gamma oscillations increased and decreased in power, respectively. The power of the sensory-related gamma oscillations was positively correlated with both the amplitude and the area under the curve of the corresponding CT potential but not with the prethalamic potential. The present results show that the layer VI CT pathway significantly contributes in thalamic gamma oscillations, and they support the hypothesis that reduced NMDAR activation disturbs the functional state of CT and corticocortical networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Anderson
- Neuropsychologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Current address: Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nigel C Jones
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Didier Pinault
- Neuropsychologie cognitive et physiopathologie de la schizophrénie, INSERM U1114, Strasbourg, France.,FMTS, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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30
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Giraldo-Chica M, Rogers BP, Damon SM, Landman BA, Woodward ND. Prefrontal-Thalamic Anatomical Connectivity and Executive Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 83:509-517. [PMID: 29113642 PMCID: PMC5809301 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Executive cognitive functions, including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibition, are impaired in schizophrenia. Executive functions rely on coordinated information processing between the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and thalamus, particularly the mediodorsal nucleus. This raises the possibility that anatomical connectivity between the PFC and mediodorsal thalamus may be 1) reduced in schizophrenia and 2) related to deficits in executive function. The current investigation tested these hypotheses. METHODS Forty-five healthy subjects and 62 patients with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder completed a battery of tests of executive function and underwent diffusion-weighted imaging. Probabilistic tractography was used to quantify anatomical connectivity between six cortical regions, including PFC, and the thalamus. Thalamocortical anatomical connectivity was compared between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia using region-of-interest and voxelwise approaches, and the association between PFC-thalamic anatomical connectivity and severity of executive function impairment was examined in patients. RESULTS Anatomical connectivity between the thalamus and PFC was reduced in schizophrenia. Voxelwise analysis localized the reduction to areas of the mediodorsal thalamus connected to lateral PFC. Reduced PFC-thalamic connectivity in schizophrenia correlated with impaired working memory but not cognitive flexibility and inhibition. In contrast to reduced PFC-thalamic connectivity, thalamic connectivity with somatosensory and occipital cortices was increased in schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with models implicating disrupted PFC-thalamic connectivity in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and mechanisms of cognitive impairment. PFC-thalamic anatomical connectivity may be an important target for procognitive interventions. Further work is needed to determine the implications of increased thalamic connectivity with sensory cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Giraldo-Chica
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Bennett A. Landman
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN,Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN
| | - Neil D. Woodward
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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31
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Response to Targeted Cognitive Training Correlates with Change in Thalamic Volume in a Randomized Trial for Early Schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:590-597. [PMID: 28895568 PMCID: PMC5770762 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reduced thalamic volume is consistently observed in schizophrenia, and correlates with cognitive impairment. Targeted cognitive training (TCT) of auditory processing in schizophrenia drives improvements in cognition that are believed to result from functional neuroplasticity in prefrontal and auditory cortices. In this study, we sought to determine whether response to TCT is also associated with structural neuroplastic changes in thalamic volume in patients with early schizophrenia (ESZ). Additionally, we examined baseline clinical, cognitive, and neural characteristics predictive of a positive response to TCT. ESZ patients were randomly assigned to undergo either 40 h of TCT (N=22) or a computer games control condition (CG; N=22 s). Participants underwent MRI, clinical, and neurocognitive assessments before and after training (4-month interval). Freesurfer automated segmentation of the subcortical surface was carried out to measure thalamic volume at both time points. Left thalamic volume at baseline correlated with baseline global cognition, while a similar trend was observed in the right thalamus. The relationship between change in cognition and change in left thalamus volume differed between groups, with a significant positive correlation in the TCT group and a negative trend in the CG group. Lower baseline symptoms were related to improvements in cognition and left thalamic volume preservation following TCT. These findings suggest that the cognitive gains induced by TCT in ESZ are associated with structural neuroplasticity in the thalamus. Greater symptom severity at baseline reduced the likelihood of response to TCT both with respect to improved cognition and change in thalamic volume.
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32
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Hill K, Bolo N, Sarvode Mothi S, Lizano P, Guimond S, Tandon N, Molokotos E, Keshavan M. Subcortical surface shape in youth at familial high risk for schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 267:36-44. [PMID: 28734178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abnormalities in the subcortical brain regions that support cognitive functions have been reported in schizophrenia. Relatives of those with schizophrenia often present with psychosis-like traits (schizotypy) and similar cognition as those with schizophrenia. To evaluate the relationships between subcortical structure, schizotypy, and cognitive function, we assessed shape and volume of the hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus in untreated youth at familial high risk for schizophrenia (HRSZ). The sample consisted of 66 HRSZ and 69 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Subjects' cognitive functions and schizotypy were assessed, and T1-weighted brain MRI were analyzed using the FSL software FIRST. The right hippocampus and right amygdala showed significantly increased concavity (inward displacement) in HRSZ compared to HC. While regional subcortical shape displacements were significantly correlated with sustained attention and executive function scores in HC, fewer correlations were seen in HRSZ. This suggests a possible alteration of the local structure-function relationship in subcortical brain regions of HRSZ for these cognitive domains, which could be related to anomalous plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicolas Bolo
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Suraj Sarvode Mothi
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paulo Lizano
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elena Molokotos
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matcheri Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, 75 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Skåtun KC, Kaufmann T, Brandt CL, Doan NT, Alnæs D, Tønnesen S, Biele G, Vaskinn A, Melle I, Agartz I, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Thalamo-cortical functional connectivity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Imaging Behav 2017; 12:640-652. [DOI: 10.1007/s11682-017-9714-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A Neurophysiological Perspective on a Preventive Treatment against Schizophrenia Using Transcranial Electric Stimulation of the Corticothalamic Pathway. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7040034. [PMID: 28350371 PMCID: PMC5406691 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients are waiting for a treatment free of detrimental effects. Psychotic disorders are devastating mental illnesses associated with dysfunctional brain networks. Ongoing brain network gamma frequency (30–80 Hz) oscillations, naturally implicated in integrative function, are excessively amplified during hallucinations, in at-risk mental states for psychosis and first-episode psychosis. So, gamma oscillations represent a bioelectrical marker for cerebral network disorders with prognostic and therapeutic potential. They accompany sensorimotor and cognitive deficits already present in prodromal schizophrenia. Abnormally amplified gamma oscillations are reproduced in the corticothalamic systems of healthy humans and rodents after a single systemic administration, at a psychotomimetic dose, of the glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine. These translational ketamine models of prodromal schizophrenia are thus promising to work out a preventive noninvasive treatment against first-episode psychosis and chronic schizophrenia. In the present essay, transcranial electric stimulation (TES) is considered an appropriate preventive therapeutic modality because it can influence cognitive performance and neural oscillations. Here, I highlight clinical and experimental findings showing that, together, the corticothalamic pathway, the thalamus, and the glutamatergic synaptic transmission form an etiopathophysiological backbone for schizophrenia and represent a potential therapeutic target for preventive TES of dysfunctional brain networks in at-risk mental state patients against psychotic disorders.
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Li T, Wang Q, Zhang J, Rolls ET, Yang W, Palaniyappan L, Zhang L, Cheng W, Yao Y, Liu Z, Gong X, Luo Q, Tang Y, Crow TJ, Broome MR, Xu K, Li C, Wang J, Liu Z, Lu G, Wang F, Feng J. Brain-Wide Analysis of Functional Connectivity in First-Episode and Chronic Stages of Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:436-448. [PMID: 27445261 PMCID: PMC5605268 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Published reports of functional abnormalities in schizophrenia remain divergent due to lack of staging point-of-view and whole-brain analysis. To identify key functional-connectivity differences of first-episode (FE) and chronic patients from controls using resting-state functional MRI, and determine changes that are specifically associated with disease onset, a clinical staging model is adopted. We analyze functional-connectivity differences in prodromal, FE (mostly drug naïve), and chronic patients from their matched controls from 6 independent datasets involving a total of 789 participants (343 patients). Brain-wide functional-connectivity analysis was performed in different datasets and the results from the datasets of the same stage were then integrated by meta-analysis, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Prodromal patients differed from controls in their pattern of functional-connectivity involving the inferior frontal gyri (Broca's area). In FE patients, 90% of the functional-connectivity changes involved the frontal lobes, mostly the inferior frontal gyrus including Broca's area, and these changes were correlated with delusions/blunted affect. For chronic patients, functional-connectivity differences extended to wider areas of the brain, including reduced thalamo-frontal connectivity, and increased thalamo-temporal and thalamo-sensorimoter connectivity that were correlated with the positive, negative, and general symptoms, respectively. Thalamic changes became prominent at the chronic stage. These results provide evidence for distinct patterns of functional-dysconnectivity across FE and chronic stages of schizophrenia. Importantly, abnormalities in the frontal language networks appear early, at the time of disease onset. The identification of stage-specific pathological processes may help to understand the disease course of schizophrenia and identify neurobiological markers crucial for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiang Wang
- The Mental Health Center and the Psychiatric Laboratory, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- West China Brain Research Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wei Yang
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, University of Nottingham, Centre for Translational Neuroimaging, Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Mental Health, Nottingham, UK and Penticton Regional Hospital, Penticton, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ye Yao
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhaowen Liu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shannxi, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Gong
- School of life science department, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- School of life science department, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yanqing Tang
- Psychiatry department, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Timothy J Crow
- SANE POWIC, University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew R Broome
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Ke Xu
- Psychiatry department, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jijun Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders (No. 13dz2260500), Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Mental Health Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, PR China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Fei Wang
- Psychiatry department, The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai, PR China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Giraldo-Chica M, Woodward ND. Review of thalamocortical resting-state fMRI studies in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2017; 180:58-63. [PMID: 27531067 PMCID: PMC5297399 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Brain circuitry underlying cognition, emotion, and perception is abnormal in schizophrenia. There is considerable evidence that the neuropathology of schizophrenia includes the thalamus, a key hub of cortical-subcortical circuitry and an important regulator of cortical activity. However, the thalamus is a heterogeneous structure composed of several nuclei with distinct inputs and cortical connections. Limitations of conventional neuroimaging methods and conflicting findings from post-mortem investigations have made it difficult to determine if thalamic pathology in schizophrenia is widespread or limited to specific thalamocortical circuits. Resting-state fMRI has proven invaluable for understanding the large-scale functional organization of the brain and investigating neural circuitry relevant to psychiatric disorders. This article summarizes resting-state fMRI investigations of thalamocortical functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Particular attention is paid to the course, diagnostic specificity, and clinical correlates of thalamocortical network dysfunction.
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Mulligan KA, Cheyette BNR. Neurodevelopmental Perspectives on Wnt Signaling in Psychiatry. MOLECULAR NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2017; 2:219-246. [PMID: 28277568 DOI: 10.1159/000453266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that Wnt signaling is relevant to pathophysiology of diverse mental illnesses including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorder. In the 35 years since Wnt ligands were first described, animal studies have richly explored how downstream Wnt signaling pathways affect an array of neurodevelopmental processes and how their disruption can lead to both neurological and behavioral phenotypes. Recently, human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models have begun to contribute to this literature while pushing it in increasingly translational directions. Simultaneously, large-scale human genomic studies are providing evidence that sequence variation in Wnt signal pathway genes contributes to pathogenesis in several psychiatric disorders. This article reviews neurodevelopmental and postneurodevelopmental functions of Wnt signaling, highlighting mechanisms, whereby its disruption might contribute to psychiatric illness, and then reviews the most reliable recent genetic evidence supporting that mutations in Wnt pathway genes contribute to psychiatric illness. We are proponents of the notion that studies in animal and hiPSC models informed by the human genetic data combined with the deep knowledge base and tool kits generated over the last several decades of basic neurodevelopmental research will yield near-term tangible advances in neuropsychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Mulligan
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin N R Cheyette
- Department of Psychiatry, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Chun S, Du F, Westmoreland JJ, Han SB, Wang YD, Eddins D, Bayazitov IT, Devaraju P, Yu J, Mellado Lagarde MM, Anderson K, Zakharenko SS. Thalamic miR-338-3p mediates auditory thalamocortical disruption and its late onset in models of 22q11.2 microdeletion. Nat Med 2016; 23:39-48. [PMID: 27892953 PMCID: PMC5218899 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is associated with early-life behavioral abnormalities, affected individuals are also at high risk for the development of schizophrenia symptoms, including psychosis, later in life. Auditory thalamocortical (TC) projections recently emerged as a neural circuit that is specifically disrupted in mouse models of 22q11DS (hereafter referred to as 22q11DS mice), in which haploinsufficiency of the microRNA (miRNA)-processing-factor-encoding gene Dgcr8 results in the elevation of the dopamine receptor Drd2 in the auditory thalamus, an abnormal sensitivity of thalamocortical projections to antipsychotics, and an abnormal acoustic-startle response. Here we show that these auditory TC phenotypes have a delayed onset in 22q11DS mice and are associated with an age-dependent reduction of miR-338-3p, a miRNA that targets Drd2 and is enriched in the thalamus of both humans and mice. Replenishing depleted miR-338-3p in mature 22q11DS mice rescued the TC abnormalities, and deletion of Mir338 (which encodes miR-338-3p) or reduction of miR-338-3p expression mimicked the TC and behavioral deficits and eliminated the age dependence of these deficits. Therefore, miR-338-3p depletion is necessary and sufficient to disrupt auditory TC signaling in 22q11DS mice, and it may mediate the pathogenic mechanism of 22q11DS-related psychosis and control its late onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkun Chun
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fei Du
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joby J Westmoreland
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Seung Baek Han
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Donnie Eddins
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ildar T Bayazitov
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prakash Devaraju
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcia M Mellado Lagarde
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kara Anderson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stanislav S Zakharenko
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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40
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Makovac E, Serra L, Spanò B, Giulietti G, Torso M, Cercignani M, Caltagirone C, Bozzali M. Different Patterns of Correlation between Grey and White Matter Integrity Account for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 50:591-604. [PMID: 26836635 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral disorders and psychological symptoms (BPSD) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are known to correlate with grey matter (GM) atrophy and, as shown recently, also with white matter (WM) damage. WM damage and its relationship with GM atrophy are reported in AD, reinforcing the interpretation of the AD pathology in light of a disconnection syndrome. It remains uncertain whether this disconnection might account also for different BPSD observable in AD. Here, we tested the hypothesis of different patterns of association between WM damage of the corpus callosum (CC) and GM atrophy in AD patients exhibiting one of the following BPSD clusters: Mood (i.e., anxiety and depression; ADmood), Frontal (i.e., dishinibition and elation; ADfrontal), and Psychotic (delusions and hallucinations; ADpsychotic) related symptoms, as well as AD patients without BPSD. Overall, this study brings to light the strict relationship between WM alterations in different parts of the CC and GM atrophy in AD patients exhibiting BPSD, supporting the hypothesis that such symptoms are likely to be caused by characteristic patterns of neurodegeneration of WM and GM, rather than being a reactive response to accumulation of cognitive disabilities, and should therefore be regarded as potential markers of diagnostic and prognostic value in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Makovac
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Serra
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Spanò
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mario Torso
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Mara Cercignani
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Clinical Imaging Sciences Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, Falmer, UK
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Bozzali
- Neuroimaging Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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41
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Woodward ND, Heckers S. Mapping Thalamocortical Functional Connectivity in Chronic and Early Stages of Psychotic Disorders. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:1016-25. [PMID: 26248537 PMCID: PMC4698230 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable evidence that the thalamus is abnormal in psychotic disorders. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed an intriguing pattern of thalamic dysconnectivity in psychosis characterized by reduced prefrontal cortex (PFC) connectivity and increased somatomotor-thalamic connectivity. However, critical knowledge gaps remain with respect to the onset, anatomical specificity, and clinical correlates of thalamic dysconnectivity in psychosis. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was collected on 105 healthy subjects and 148 individuals with psychosis, including 53 early-stage psychosis patients. Using all 253 subjects, the thalamus was parceled into functional regions of interest (ROIs) on the basis of connectivity with six a priori defined cortical ROIs covering most of the cortical mantle. Functional connectivity between each cortical ROI and its corresponding thalamic ROI was quantified and compared across groups. Significant differences in the ROI-to-ROI analysis were followed up with voxelwise seed-based analyses to further localize thalamic dysconnectivity. RESULTS ROI analysis revealed reduced PFC-thalamic connectivity and increased somatomotor-thalamic connectivity in both chronic and early-stage psychosis patients. PFC hypoconnectivity and motor cortex hyperconnectivity correlated in patients, suggesting that they result from a common pathophysiological mechanism. Seed-based analyses revealed thalamic hypoconnectivity in psychosis localized to dorsolateral PFC, medial PFC, and cerebellar areas of the well-described executive control network. Across all subjects, thalamic connectivity with areas of the fronto-parietal network correlated with cognitive functioning, including verbal learning and memory. CONCLUSIONS Thalamocortical dysconnectivity is present in both chronic and early stages of psychosis, includes reduced thalamic connectivity with the executive control network, and is related to cognitive impairment.
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Nagalski A, Puelles L, Dabrowski M, Wegierski T, Kuznicki J, Wisniewska MB. Molecular anatomy of the thalamic complex and the underlying transcription factors. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:2493-510. [PMID: 25963709 PMCID: PMC4884203 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Thalamocortical loops have been implicated in the control of higher-order cognitive functions, but advances in our understanding of the molecular underpinnings of neocortical organization have not been accompanied by similar analyses in the thalamus. Using expression-based correlation maps and the manual mapping of mouse and human datasets available in the Allen Brain Atlas, we identified a few individual regions and several sets of molecularly related nuclei that partially overlap with the classic grouping that is based on topographical localization and thalamocortical connections. These new molecular divisions of the adult thalamic complex are defined by the combinatorial expression of Tcf7l2, Lef1, Gbx2, Prox1, Pou4f1, Esrrg, and Six3 transcription factor genes. Further in silico and experimental analyses provided the evidence that TCF7L2 might be a pan-thalamic specifier. These results provide substantial insights into the "molecular logic" that underlies organization of the thalamic complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Nagalski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 00-927, Poland
| | - Luis Puelles
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of Murcia and IMIB, Murcia, 30071, Spain
| | - Michal Dabrowski
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, 02-093, Poland
| | - Tomasz Wegierski
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Jacek Kuznicki
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland
| | - Marta B Wisniewska
- Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Warsaw, 02-109, Poland.
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 00-927, Poland.
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Li F, Lui S, Yao L, Hu J, Lv P, Huang X, Mechelli A, Sweeney JA, Gong Q. Longitudinal Changes in Resting-State Cerebral Activity in Patients with First-Episode Schizophrenia: A 1-Year Follow-up Functional MR Imaging Study. Radiology 2016; 279:867-75. [PMID: 27007945 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2015151334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To determine whether the brain functional abnormalities of drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia are reduced after 1 year of undergoing antipsychotic treatment and whether pretreatment resting-state functional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging parameters are associated with longitudinal changes in clinical symptoms. Materials and Methods This prospective study was approved by the local ethical committee, and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Twenty antipsychotic-naive first-episode patients with schizophrenia and 16 healthy individuals were recruited and underwent resting-state functional MR imaging at baseline and again at 1-year follow-up, by which time significant clinical improvement was seen. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) were analyzed with analysis of covariance. Results The amount of ALFF in the right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the amount of FC between the bilateral IPLs significantly increased over the follow-up period, and the amount of ALFF in the right occipital gyrus was reduced (P < .050, AlphaSim corrected [ http://afni.nimh.nih.gov/pub/dist/doc/manual/AlphaSim.pdf ]), returning toward normal levels. Furthermore, the degree of alteration in ALFF values in the right OFC (P = .037) and occipital gyrus (P = .002) at baseline was significantly correlated with the magnitude of the normalization in those regions at 1-year follow-up. In contrast, abnormalities of ALFF in the bilateral thalamus, ventral medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus, and right amygdala and of FC between the right OFC and the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex at baseline did not improve in patients at 1-year follow-up. Conclusion These findings show that some, but not all, neurophysiologic alterations that occur during the acute phase of schizophrenia are normalized in the context of clinical improvement and suggest therapeutic implications for exploration of which alterations in regional and network-level brain function evolve over time in patients with schizophrenia and which reflect persistent pathologic traits. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Su Lui
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Li Yao
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Junmei Hu
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Peilin Lv
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Andrea Mechelli
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - John A Sweeney
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
| | - Qiyong Gong
- From the Huaxi MR Research Center, Department of Radiology (F.L., S.L., L.Y., X.H., Q.G.), Department of Psychiatry, Stat Key Laboratory of Biotherapy (J.H., Q.G.), and Department of Anaesthesiology (P.L.), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, 37 Guo Xue Xiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine (J.H.) and Department of Psychology, School of Public Administration (Q.G.), Sichuan University, Sichuan, China; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, England (A.M.); and Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Tex (J.A.S.)
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Yu C, Sellers KK, Radtke-Schuller S, Lu J, Xing L, Ghukasyan V, Li Y, Shih YYI, Murrow R, Fröhlich F. Structural and functional connectivity between the lateral posterior-pulvinar complex and primary visual cortex in the ferret. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 43:230-44. [PMID: 26505737 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The role of higher-order thalamic structures in sensory processing remains poorly understood. Here, we used the ferret (Mustela putorius furo) as a novel model species for the study of the lateral posterior (LP)-pulvinar complex and its structural and functional connectivity with area 17 [primary visual cortex (V1)]. We found reciprocal anatomical connections between the lateral part of the LP nucleus of the LP-pulvinar complex (LPl) and V1. In order to investigate the role of this feedback loop between LPl and V1 in shaping network activity, we determined the functional interactions between LPl and the supragranular, granular and infragranular layers of V1 by recording multiunit activity and local field potentials. Coherence was strongest between LPl and the supragranular V1, with the most distinct peaks in the delta and alpha frequency bands. Inter-area interaction measured by spike-phase coupling identified the delta frequency band being dominated by the infragranular V1 and multiple frequency bands that were most pronounced in the supragranular V1. This inter-area coupling was differentially modulated by full-field synthetic and naturalistic visual stimulation. We also found that visual responses in LPl were distinct from those in V1 in terms of their reliability. Together, our data support a model of multiple communication channels between LPl and the layers of V1 that are enabled by oscillations in different frequency bands. This demonstration of anatomical and functional connectivity between LPl and V1 in ferrets provides a roadmap for studying the interaction dynamics during behaviour, and a template for identifying the activity dynamics of other thalamo-cortical feedback loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiu Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Kristin K Sellers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susanne Radtke-Schuller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jinghao Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Lei Xing
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vladimir Ghukasyan
- Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yuhui Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yen-Yu I Shih
- Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Richard Murrow
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Flavio Fröhlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 115 Mason Farm Road, NRB 4109F, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Neurobiology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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45
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Balleine BW, Morris RW, Leung BK. Thalamocortical integration of instrumental learning and performance and their disintegration in addiction. Brain Res 2015; 1628:104-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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46
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Kaufmann T, Skåtun KC, Alnæs D, Doan NT, Duff EP, Tønnesen S, Roussos E, Ueland T, Aminoff SR, Lagerberg TV, Agartz I, Melle IS, Smith SM, Andreassen OA, Westlye LT. Disintegration of Sensorimotor Brain Networks in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2015; 41:1326-35. [PMID: 25943122 PMCID: PMC4601711 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbv060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder associated with derogated function across various domains, including perception, language, motor, emotional, and social behavior. Due to its complex symptomatology, schizophrenia is often regarded a disorder of cognitive processes. Yet due to the frequent involvement of sensory and perceptual symptoms, it has been hypothesized that functional disintegration between sensory and cognitive processes mediates the heterogeneous and comprehensive schizophrenia symptomatology. METHODS Here, using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging in 71 patients and 196 healthy controls, we characterized the standard deviation in BOLD (blood-oxygen-level-dependent) signal amplitude and the functional connectivity across a range of functional brain networks. We investigated connectivity on the edge and node level using network modeling based on independent component analysis and utilized the brain network features in cross-validated classification procedures. RESULTS Both amplitude and connectivity were significantly altered in patients, largely involving sensory networks. Reduced standard deviation in amplitude was observed in a range of visual, sensorimotor, and auditory nodes in patients. The strongest differences in connectivity implicated within-sensorimotor and sensorimotor-thalamic connections. Furthermore, sensory nodes displayed widespread alterations in the connectivity with higher-order nodes. We demonstrated robustness of effects across subjects by significantly classifying diagnostic group on the individual level based on cross-validated multivariate connectivity features. CONCLUSION Taken together, the findings support the hypothesis of disintegrated sensory and cognitive processes in schizophrenia, and the foci of effects emphasize that targeting the sensory and perceptual domains may be key to enhance our understanding of schizophrenia pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Kaufmann
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;
| | - Kristina C. Skåtun
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nhat Trung Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eugene P. Duff
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Siren Tønnesen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Evangelos Roussos
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sofie R. Aminoff
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Specialized Inpatient Treatment, Division of Mental Health Services, Akershus University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Trine V. Lagerberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid S. Melle
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen M. Smith
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway;,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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47
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Samudra N, Ivleva EI, Hubbard NA, Rypma B, Sweeney JA, Clementz BA, Keshavan MS, Pearlson GD, Tamminga CA. Alterations in hippocampal connectivity across the psychosis dimension. Psychiatry Res 2015; 233:148-57. [PMID: 26123450 PMCID: PMC4784701 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent evidence demonstrates that hippocampal hyperactivity helps mediate psychosis. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI), we examined hippocampal connectivity alterations in individuals with psychosis (PS) versus healthy controls (HC). Because of its putative greater involvement in psychiatric disorders, we hypothesized that the anterior hippocampus network would show greater dysconnectivity in psychosis. We tested rsfMRI connectivity in 88 PS (including 21 with schizophrenia; 40 with schizoaffective disorder; 27 with psychotic bipolar I disorder) and 65 HC. Seed-based voxel-wise connectivity analyses were carried out using whole, anterior, and posterior hippocampal seeds. No significant differences in functional hippocampal connectivity were found across the three conventional diagnoses. PS were then contrasted with HC, showing strong reductions in anterior hippocampal connectivity to anterior neocortical regions, including medial frontal and anterior cingulate cortices, as well as superior temporal gyrus, precuneus, thalamus and cerebellum. Posterior hippocampal seeds also demonstrated decreased connectivity in PS, with fewer dysconnected regions and a posterior/cerebellar distribution. Whole hippocampal outcomes were consistent with anterior/posterior hippocampal connectivity changes. Connectivity alterations did not correlate with cognition, clinical symptoms, or medication effect variables. Our results suggest a psychosis network of decreased hippocampal connectivity with limbic and frontal contributions, independent of diagnostic categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyatee Samudra
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
| | - Elena I Ivleva
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Bart Rypma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States; Center for Brain Health, UT Dallas, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Living/Hartford Hospital, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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Guo W, Liu F, Xiao C, Liu J, Yu M, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Zhao J. Increased short-range and long-range functional connectivity in first-episode, medication-naive schizophrenia at rest. Schizophr Res 2015; 166:144-50. [PMID: 25982002 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is conceived as a disconnection syndrome and anatomical distance may affect functional connectivity (FC) in schizophrenia patients. However, whether and how anatomical distance affects FC remains unclear in first-episode, medication-naive schizophrenia at rest. METHODS Forty-nine schizophrenia patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Regional FC strength was computed for each voxel in the brain, which was further divided into short-range and long-range FC strength. RESULTS The patients exhibited increased short-range positive FC strength in the left superior medial frontal gyrus, and increased long-range positive FC strength in the right angular gyrus and bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus compared with the controls. Further seed-based FC analysis showed that the left superior medial frontal gyrus had increased short-range FC with the right inferior frontal gyrus, while the right angular gyrus and bilateral PCC/precuneus had increased long-range FC with the prefrontal gyrus. No significant correlation was observed between abnormal FC strength and clinical variables in the patient group. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal a pattern of increased anatomical distance affecting FC in the patients, with the results of increased short-range positive FC strength in the anterior default-mode network (DMN) and increased long-range positive FC strength in the posterior DMN in schizophrenia, and highlight the importance of the DMN in the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Changqing Xiao
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Miaoyu Yu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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49
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Dissociation of anatomical and functional alterations of the default-mode network in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 126:2276-81. [PMID: 25746945 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anatomical and functional alterations of the default-mode network (DMN) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, no study is engaged to explore whether structural and functional abnormalities of the DMN overlap in schizophrenia. This study was undertaken to examine whether anatomical and functional abnormalities are present in similar or different brain regions of the DMN in first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia. METHODS Forty-nine first-episode, drug-naive schizophrenia patients and 50 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls underwent structural and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning. The voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) methods were used to analyze imaging data. RESULTS The patients exhibited significantly decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the left medial prefrontal cortex (orbital part) and increased fALFF in the left posterior cingulate cortex compared with the controls. No overlap of brain regions with anatomical and functional abnormalities was observed in the patient group. There was also no correlation between decreased GMV/increased fALFF and clinical variables in patients. CONCLUSIONS A dissociation pattern of brain regions with anatomical and functional changes within the DMN is revealed in schizophrenia patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that brain functional and anatomical abnormalities within the DMN might contribute independently to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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50
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Dawson N, Morris BJ, Pratt JA. Functional brain connectivity phenotypes for schizophrenia drug discovery. J Psychopharmacol 2015; 29:169-77. [PMID: 25567554 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114563635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
While our knowledge of the pathophysiology of schizophrenia has increased dramatically, this has not translated into the development of new and improved drugs to treat this disorder. Human brain imaging and electrophysiological studies have provided dramatic new insight into the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in the disease, with a swathe of recent studies highlighting the differences in functional brain network and neural system connectivity present in the disorder. Only recently has the value of applying these approaches in preclinical rodent models relevant to the disorder started to be recognised. Here we highlight recent findings of altered functional brain connectivity in preclinical rodent models and consider their relevance to those alterations seen in the brains of schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, we highlight the potential translational value of using the paradigm of functional brain connectivity phenotypes in the context of preclinical schizophrenia drug discovery, as a means both to understand the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in the disorder and to reduce the current high attrition rate in schizophrenia drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dawson
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Brian J Morris
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, School of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Psychiatric Research Institute of Neuroscience in Glasgow (PsyRING), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Judith A Pratt
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Psychiatric Research Institute of Neuroscience in Glasgow (PsyRING), University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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