1
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Jiang C, Wu J. Hypothesis: hematogenous metastatic cancer cells of solid tumors may disguise themselves as memory macrophages for metastasis. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1412296. [PMID: 39035733 PMCID: PMC11257992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1412296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
German pathologist Otto Aichel suggested, a century ago, that the cancer cell acquired its metastatic property from a leukocyte via cell-cell fusion. Since then, several revised versions of this theory have been proposed. Most of the proposals attribute the generation of the metastatic cancer cell to the fusion between a primary cancer cell and a macrophage. However, these theories have not addressed several issues, such as dormancy and stem cell-like self-renewal, of the metastatic cancer cell. On the other hand, recent studies have found that, like T- and B-/plasma cells, macrophages can also be categorized into naïve, effector, and memory/trained macrophages. As a memory/trained macrophage can enter dormancy/quiescence, be awakened from the dormancy/quiescence by acquainted primers, and re-populate via stem cell-like self-renewal, we, therefore, further specify that the macrophage fusing with the cancer cell and contributing to metastasis, belongs with the memory/trained macrophage, not other subtypes of macrophages. The current theory can explain many puzzling clinical features of cancer, including the paradoxal effects (recurrence vs. regression) of microbes on tumors, "spontaneous" and Coley's toxin-induced tumor regression, anticancer activities of β-blockers and anti-inflammatory/anti-immune/antibiotic drugs, oncotaxis, surgery- and trauma-promoted metastasis, and impact of microbiota on tumors. Potential therapeutic strategies, such as Coley's toxin-like preparations, are proposed. This is the last article of our trilogy on carcinogenesis theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuo Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaxi Wu
- Central Laboratories, Shanghai Clinical Research Center Xuhui Central Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Office of Industrial Cooperation, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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2
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Almotiri A, Abdelfattah A, Storch E, Stemmler MP, Brabletz S, Brabletz T, Rodrigues NP. Zeb1 maintains long-term adult hematopoietic stem cell function and extramedullary hematopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2024; 134:104177. [PMID: 38336135 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2024.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates the epithelial-mesenchymal transition transcription factor Zeb1 as a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. Whether Zeb1 regulates long-term maintenance of HSC function remains an open question. Using an inducible Mx-1-Cre mouse model that deletes conditional Zeb1 alleles in the adult hematopoietic system, we found that mice engineered to be deficient in Zeb1 for 32 weeks displayed expanded immunophenotypically defined adult HSCs and multipotent progenitors associated with increased abundance of lineage-biased/balanced HSC subsets and augmented cell survival characteristics. During hematopoietic differentiation, persistent Zeb1 loss increased B cells in the bone marrow and spleen and decreased monocyte generation in the peripheral blood. In competitive transplantation experiments, we found that HSCs from adult mice with long-term Zeb1 deletion displayed a cell autonomous defect in multilineage differentiation capacity. Long-term Zeb1 loss perturbed extramedullary hematopoiesis characterized by increased splenic weight and a paradoxical reduction in splenic cellularity that was accompanied by HSC exhaustion, lineage-specific defects, and an accumulation of aberrant, preleukemic like c-kit+CD16/32+ progenitors. Loss of Zeb1 for up to 42 weeks can lead to progressive splenomegaly and an accumulation of Gr-1+Mac-1+ cells, further supporting the notion that long-term expression of Zeb1 suppresses preleukemic activity. Thus, sustained Zeb1 deletion disrupts HSC functionality in vivo and impairs regulation of extramedullary hematopoiesis with potential implications for tumor suppressor functions of Zeb1 in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhomidi Almotiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia; European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Ali Abdelfattah
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Elis Storch
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Neil P Rodrigues
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, Cardiff University, School of Biosciences, Cardiff, UK.
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3
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Quaranta P, Basso-Ricci L, Jofra Hernandez R, Pacini G, Naldini MM, Barcella M, Seffin L, Pais G, Spinozzi G, Benedicenti F, Pietrasanta C, Cheong JG, Ronchi A, Pugni L, Dionisio F, Monti I, Giannelli S, Darin S, Fraschetta F, Barera G, Ferrua F, Calbi V, Ometti M, Di Micco R, Mosca F, Josefowicz SZ, Montini E, Calabria A, Bernardo ME, Cicalese MP, Gentner B, Merelli I, Aiuti A, Scala S. Circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell subsets contribute to human hematopoietic homeostasis. Blood 2024; 143:1937-1952. [PMID: 38446574 PMCID: PMC11106755 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In physiological conditions, few circulating hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (cHSPCs) are present in the peripheral blood, but their contribution to human hematopoiesis remain unsolved. By integrating advanced immunophenotyping, single-cell transcriptional and functional profiling, and integration site (IS) clonal tracking, we unveiled the biological properties and the transcriptional features of human cHSPC subpopulations in relationship to their bone marrow (BM) counterpart. We found that cHSPCs reduced in cell count over aging and are enriched for primitive, lymphoid, and erythroid subpopulations, showing preactivated transcriptional and functional state. Moreover, cHSPCs have low expression of multiple BM-retention molecules but maintain their homing potential after xenotransplantation. By generating a comprehensive human organ-resident HSPC data set based on single-cell RNA sequencing data, we detected organ-specific seeding properties of the distinct trafficking HSPC subpopulations. Notably, circulating multi-lymphoid progenitors are primed for seeding the thymus and actively contribute to T-cell production. Human clonal tracking data from patients receiving gene therapy (GT) also showed that cHSPCs connect distant BM niches and participate in steady-state hematopoietic production, with primitive cHSPCs having the highest recirculation capability to travel in and out of the BM. Finally, in case of hematopoietic impairment, cHSPCs composition reflects the BM-HSPC content and might represent a biomarker of the BM state for clinical and research purposes. Overall, our comprehensive work unveiled fundamental insights into the in vivo dynamics of human HSPC trafficking and its role in sustaining hematopoietic homeostasis. GT patients' clinical trials were registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01515462 and NCT03837483) and EudraCT (2009-017346-32 and 2018-003842-18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Quaranta
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Basso-Ricci
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raisa Jofra Hernandez
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Pacini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Maria Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Barcella
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Seffin
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pais
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pietrasanta
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Jin Gyu Cheong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Andrea Ronchi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Pugni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Dionisio
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Monti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Giannelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Darin
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Fraschetta
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Graziano Barera
- Pediatric Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calbi
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Ometti
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Di Micco
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Steven Zvi Josefowicz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Calabria
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scala
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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4
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Canarutto D, Omer Javed A, Pedrazzani G, Ferrari S, Naldini L. Mobilization-based engraftment of haematopoietic stem cells: a new perspective for chemotherapy-free gene therapy and transplantation. Br Med Bull 2023; 147:108-120. [PMID: 37460391 PMCID: PMC10502445 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldad017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from a healthy donor replace the patient's ones. Ex vivo HSC gene therapy (HSC-GT) is a form of HSCT in which HSCs, usually from an autologous source, are genetically modified before infusion, to generate a progeny of gene-modified cells. In HSCT and HSC-GT, chemotherapy is administered before infusion to free space in the bone marrow (BM) niche, which is required for the engraftment of infused cells. Here, we review alternative chemotherapy-free approaches to niche voidance that could replace conventional regimens and alleviate the morbidity of the procedure. SOURCES OF DATA Literature was reviewed from PubMed-listed peer-reviewed articles. No new data are presented in this article. AREAS OF AGREEMENT Chemotherapy exerts short and long-term toxicity to haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic organs. Whenever chemotherapy is solely used to allow engraftment of donor HSCs, rather than eliminating malignant cells, as in the case of HSC-GT for inborn genetic diseases, non-genotoxic approaches sparing off-target tissues are highly desirable. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY In principle, HSCs can be temporarily moved from the BM niches using mobilizing drugs or selectively cleared with targeted antibodies or immunotoxins to make space for the infused cells. However, translation of these principles into clinically relevant settings is only at the beginning, and whether therapeutically meaningful levels of chimerism can be safely established with these approaches remains to be determined. GROWING POINTS In pre-clinical models, mobilization of HSCs from the niche can be tailored to accommodate the exchange and engraftment of infused cells. Infused cells can be further endowed with a transient engraftment advantage. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Inter-individual efficiency and kinetics of HSC mobilization need to be carefully assessed. Investigations in large animal models of emerging non-genotoxic approaches will further strengthen the rationale and encourage application to the treatment of selected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Canarutto
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
- Pediatric Immunohematology Unit and BMT Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Attya Omer Javed
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Gabriele Pedrazzani
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Samuele Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
| | - Luigi Naldini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 60, 20132 Milano, MI, Italy
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5
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Akhmetkaliyev A, Alibrahim N, Shafiee D, Tulchinsky E. EMT/MET plasticity in cancer and Go-or-Grow decisions in quiescence: the two sides of the same coin? Mol Cancer 2023; 22:90. [PMID: 37259089 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET) are genetic determinants of cellular plasticity. These programs operate in physiological (embryonic development, wound healing) and pathological (organ fibrosis, cancer) conditions. In cancer, EMT and MET interfere with various signalling pathways at different levels. This results in gross alterations in the gene expression programs, which affect most, if not all hallmarks of cancer, such as response to proliferative and death-inducing signals, tumorigenicity, and cell stemness. EMT in cancer cells involves large scale reorganisation of the cytoskeleton, loss of epithelial integrity, and gain of mesenchymal traits, such as mesenchymal type of cell migration. In this regard, EMT/MET plasticity is highly relevant to the Go-or-Grow concept, which postulates the dichotomous relationship between cell motility and proliferation. The Go-or-Grow decisions are critically important in the processes in which EMT/MET plasticity takes the central stage, mobilisation of stem cells during wound healing, cancer relapse, and metastasis. Here we outline the maintenance of quiescence in stem cell and metastatic niches, focusing on the implication of EMT/MET regulatory networks in Go-or-Grow switches. In particular, we discuss the analogy between cells residing in hybrid quasi-mesenchymal states and GAlert, an intermediate phase allowing quiescent stem cells to enter the cell cycle rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azamat Akhmetkaliyev
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Darya Shafiee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan
| | - Eugene Tulchinsky
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, 020000, Kazakhstan.
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
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Tang X, Wang Z, Wang J, Cui S, Xu R, Wang Y. Functions and regulatory mechanisms of resting hematopoietic stem cells: a promising targeted therapeutic strategy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:73. [PMID: 37038215 PMCID: PMC10088186 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the common and essential precursors of all blood cells, including immune cells, and they are responsible for the lifelong maintenance and damage repair of blood tissue homeostasis. The vast majority (> 95%) of HSCs are in a resting state under physiological conditions and are only activated to play a functional role under stress conditions. This resting state affects their long-term survival and is also closely related to the lifelong maintenance of hematopoietic function; however, abnormal changes may also be an important factor leading to the decline of immune function in the body and the occurrence of diseases in various systems. While the importance of resting HSCs has attracted increasing research attention, our current understanding of this topic remains insufficient, and the direction of clinical targeted treatments is unclear. Here, we describe the functions of HSCs, analyze the regulatory mechanisms that affect their resting state, and discuss the relationship between resting HSCs and different diseases, with a view to providing guidance for the future clinical implementation of related targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Siyuan Cui
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ruirong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250014, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Shandong Provincial Health Commission Key Laboratory of Hematology of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
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7
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Garrigós MM, Oliveira FA, Nucci MP, Mamani JB, Dias OFM, Rego GNA, Junqueira MS, Costa CJS, Silva LRR, Alves AH, Valle NME, Marti L, Gamarra LF. Bioluminescence Imaging and ICP-MS Associated with SPION as a Tool for Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Homing and Engraftment Evaluation. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030828. [PMID: 36986690 PMCID: PMC10057125 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow transplantation is a treatment for a variety of hematological and non-hematological diseases. For the transplant success, it is mandatory to have a thriving engraftment of transplanted cells, which directly depends on their homing. The present study proposes an alternative method to evaluate the homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem cells using bioluminescence imaging and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) associated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. We have identified an enriched population of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow following the administration of Fluorouracil (5-FU). Lately, the cell labeling with nanoparticles displayed the greatest internalization status when treated with 30 µg Fe/mL. The quantification by ICP-MS evaluate the stem cells homing by identifying 3.95 ± 0.37 µg Fe/mL in the control and 6.61 ± 0.84 µg Fe/mL in the bone marrow of transplanted animals. In addition, 2.14 ± 0.66 mg Fe/g in the spleen of the control group and 2.17 ± 0.59 mg Fe/g in the spleen of the experimental group was also measured. Moreover, the bioluminescence imaging provided the follow up on the hematopoietic stem cells behavior by monitoring their distribution by the bioluminescence signal. Lastly, the blood count enabled the monitoring of animal hematopoietic reconstitution and ensured the transplantation effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana P. Nucci
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil
- LIM44—Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Javier B. Mamani
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mara S. Junqueira
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of Sao Paulo—ICESP, São Paulo 01246-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Arielly H. Alves
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Marti
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lionel F. Gamarra
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-000, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-2151-0243
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8
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Kreger J, Brown D, Komarova NL, Wodarz D, Pritchard J. The role of migration in mutant dynamics in fragmented populations. J Evol Biol 2023; 36:444-460. [PMID: 36514852 PMCID: PMC10108075 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mutant dynamics in fragmented populations have been studied extensively in evolutionary biology. Yet, open questions remain, both experimentally and theoretically. Some of the fundamental properties predicted by models still need to be addressed experimentally. We contribute to this by using a combination of experiments and theory to investigate the role of migration in mutant distribution. In the case of neutral mutants, while the mean frequency of mutants is not influenced by migration, the probability distribution is. To address this empirically, we performed in vitro experiments, where mixtures of GFP-labelled ("mutant") and non-labelled ("wid-type") murine cells were grown in wells (demes), and migration was mimicked via cell transfer from well to well. In the presence of migration, we observed a change in the skewedness of the distribution of the mutant frequencies in the wells, consistent with previous and our own model predictions. In the presence of de novo mutant production, we used modelling to investigate the level at which disadvantageous mutants are predicted to exist, which has implications for the adaptive potential of the population in case of an environmental change. In panmictic populations, disadvantageous mutants can persist around a steady state, determined by the rate of mutant production and the selective disadvantage (selection-mutation balance). In a fragmented system that consists of demes connected by migration, a steady-state persistence of disadvantageous mutants is also observed, which, however, is fundamentally different from the mutation-selection balance and characterized by higher mutant levels. The increase in mutant frequencies above the selection-mutation balance can be maintained in small ( N < N c ) demes as long as the migration rate is sufficiently small. The migration rate above which the mutants approach the selection-mutation balance decays exponentially with N / N c . The observed increase in the mutant numbers is not explained by the change in the effective population size. Implications for evolutionary processes in diseases are discussed, where the pre-existence of disadvantageous drug-resistant mutant cells or pathogens drives the response of the disease to treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Kreger
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Donovan Brown
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Huck Institute for the Life Sciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natalia L Komarova
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.,Department of Population Health and Disease Prevention Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Justin Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.,The Huck Institute for the Life Sciences, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Alghamdi A, Tamra A, Rakhmatulina A, Nozue S, Al-Amoodi AS, Aldehaiman MM, Isaioglou I, Merzaban JS, Habuchi S. Nanoscopic Characterization of Cell Migration under Flow Using Optical and Electron Microscopy. Anal Chem 2023; 95:1958-1966. [PMID: 36627105 PMCID: PMC9878504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) and leukemic cell homing is an important biological phenomenon that takes place through essential interactions with adhesion molecules on an endothelial cell layer. The homing process of HSPCs begins with the tethering and rolling of the cells on the endothelial layer, which is achieved by the interaction between selectins on the endothelium to the ligands on HSPC/leukemic cells under shear stress of the blood flow. Although many studies have been based on in vitro conditions of the cells rolling over recombinant proteins, significant challenges remain when imaging HSPC/leukemic cells on the endothelium, a necessity when considering characterizing cell-to-cell interaction and rolling dynamics during cell migration. Here, we report a new methodology that enables imaging of stem-cell-intrinsic spatiotemporal details during its migration on an endothelium-like cell monolayer. We developed optimized protocols that preserve transiently appearing structures on HSPCs/leukemic cells during its rolling under shear stress for fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy characterization. Our new experimental platform is closer to in vivo conditions and will contribute to indepth understanding of stem-cell behavior during its migration and cell-to-cell interaction during the process of homing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shuho Nozue
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma S. Al-Amoodi
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour M. Aldehaiman
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ioannis Isaioglou
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasmeen S. Merzaban
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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The Four Pillars for Successful Regenerative Therapy in Endodontics: Stem Cells, Biomaterials, Growth Factors, and Their Synergistic Interactions. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1580842. [PMID: 36193253 PMCID: PMC9526564 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1580842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Endodontics has made significant progress in regenerative approaches in recent years, thanks to advances in biologically based procedures or regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, our profession has witnessed a clear conceptual shift in this therapy. RET was initially based on a blood clot induced by apical bleeding without harvesting the patient’s cells or cell-free RET. Later, the RET encompassed the three principles of tissue engineering, stromal/stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, aiming for the regeneration of a functional dentin pulp complex. The regenerated dental pulp will recover the protective mechanisms including innate immunity, tertiary dentin formation, and pain sensitivity. This comprehensive review covers the basic knowledge and practical information for translational applications of stem cell-based RET and tissue engineering procedures for the regeneration of dental pulp. It will also provide overall information on the emerging technologies in biological and synthetic matrices, biomaterials, and signaling molecules, recent advances in stem cell therapy, and updated experimental results. This review brings useful and timely clinical evidence for practitioners to understand the challenges faced for a successful cell-based RET and the importance of preserving or reestablishing tooth vitality. The clinical translation of these current bioengineering approaches will undoubtedly be beneficial to the future practice of endodontics.
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11
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Mechanical coupling of supracellular stress amplification and tissue fluidization during exit from quiescence. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201328119. [PMID: 35914175 PMCID: PMC9371707 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201328119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cells in the human body reside in a dormant state characterized by slow growth and minimal motility. During episodes such as wound healing, stem cell activation, and cancer growth, cells adapt to a more dynamic behavior characterized by proliferation and migration. However, little is known about the mechanical forces controlling the transition from static to motile following exit from dormancy. We demonstrate that keratinocyte monolayers install a mechanical system during dormancy that produces a coordinated burst of intercellular mechanical tension only minutes after dormancy exit. The activated forces are essential for large-scale displacements of otherwise motility-restricted cell sheets. Thus, cells sustain a mechanical system during dormancy that idles in anticipation of cell cycle entry and prompt activation of motion. Cellular quiescence is a state of reversible cell cycle arrest that is associated with tissue dormancy. Timely regulated entry into and exit from quiescence is important for processes such as tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, stem cell maintenance, developmental processes, and immunity. However, little is known about processes that control the mechanical adaption to cell behavior changes during the transition from quiescence to proliferation. Here, we show that quiescent human keratinocyte monolayers sustain an actinomyosin-based system that facilitates global cell sheet displacements upon serum-stimulated exit from quiescence. Mechanistically, exposure of quiescent cells to serum-borne mitogens leads to rapid amplification of preexisting contractile sites, leading to a burst in monolayer tension that subsequently drives large-scale displacements of otherwise motility-restricted monolayers. The stress level after quiescence exit correlates with the level of quiescence depth at the time of activation, and a critical stress magnitude must be reached to overcome the cell sheet displacement barrier. The study shows that static quiescent cell monolayers are mechanically poised for motility, and it identifies global stress amplification as a mechanism for overcoming motility restrictions in confined confluent cell monolayers.
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12
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Chang HH, Liou YS, Sun DS. Hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Tzu Chi Med J 2022; 34:270-275. [PMID: 35912054 PMCID: PMC9333105 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_98_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation has been used to treat hematopoietic diseases for over 50 years. HSCs can be isolated from bone marrow (BM), umbilical cord blood, or peripheral blood. Because of lower costs, shorter hospitalization, and faster engraftment, peripheral blood has become the predominant source of HSCs for transplantation. The major factors determining the rate of successful HSC transplantation include the degree of human leukocyte antigen matching between the donor and recipient and the number of HSCs for transplantation. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) alone or combined with plerixafor (AMD3100) are clinical used methods to promote HSC mobilization from BM to the peripheral blood for HSC transplantations. However, a significant portion of healthy donors or patients may be poor mobilizers of G-CSF, resulting in an insufficient number of HSCs for the transplantation and necessitating alternative strategies to increase the apheresis yield. The detailed mechanisms underlying G-CSF-mediated HSC mobilization remain to be elucidated. This review summarizes the current research on deciphering the mechanism of HSC mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hou Chang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Liou
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Der-Shan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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13
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Targeting Brain Tumors with Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Experimental Model of the Orthotopic Glioblastoma in Rats. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111592. [PMID: 34829821 PMCID: PMC8615766 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite multimodal approaches for the treatment of multiforme glioblastoma (GBM) advances in outcome have been very modest indicating the necessity of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Currently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising platform for cell-based cancer therapies because of their tumor-tropism, low immunogenicity, easy accessibility, isolation procedure, and culturing. In the present study, we assessed the tumor-tropism and biodistribution of the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION)-labeled MSCs in the orthotopic model of C6 glioblastoma in Wistar rats. As shown in in vitro studies employing confocal microscopy, high-content quantitative image cytometer, and xCelligence system MSCs exhibit a high migratory capacity towards C6 glioblastoma cells. Intravenous administration of SPION-labeled MSCs in vivo resulted in intratumoral accumulation of the tagged cells in the tumor tissues that in turn significantly enhanced the contrast of the tumor when high-field magnetic resonance imaging was performed. Subsequent biodistribution studies employing highly sensitive nonlinear magnetic response measurements (NLR-M2) supported by histological analysis confirm the retention of MSCs in the glioblastoma. In conclusion, MSCs due to their tumor-tropism could be employed as a drug-delivery platform for future theranostic approaches.
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14
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Azithromycin oral suspension in prevention and management of oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a randomized controlled trial. Support Care Cancer 2021; 30:251-257. [PMID: 34259920 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06409-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of azithromycin suspension on oral mucositis in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). METHODS AND MATERIAL The study was designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial in Taleghani medical center affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran. Patients undergoing HSCT were randomly assigned to intervention or control groups. Azithromycin suspension was administered twice daily by gargling for 30 s and swallowing, on the first day of chemotherapy for patients in the intervention group. Graded oral mucositis (OM) occurrence based on National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) scale (grade 0 to 5) was considered the main outcome, and the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS:0-10) measured the severity of OM symptoms. RESULTS In a duration of 15 months, 88 patients were randomly assigned and finally 70 patients were evaluable for study outcomes (randomized 1:1 to azithromycin versus no-azithromycin). The incidence and duration of the mucositis significantly improved in the intervention group compared to the control. Azithromycin use was consistent with a lower rate of dryness (P < 0.001), dysphagia (P < 0.001), and loss of sense of taste (P < 0.001). Also, in the intervention group, lower intensity of pain due to mucositis (P = 0.01) and lower duration of mucositis were observed (p = 0.045). No significant adverse drug reaction was observed in patients receiving azithromycin. CONCLUSION Based on the result from this study, azithromycin suspension is an effective option in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced OM. Further study is needed to assess the effect of azithromycin and comparison with other therapeutic options. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT201603093210N13.
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15
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Evaluation of Silk Fibroin-RGD-Stem Cell Factor Scaffold Effect on Adhesion, Migration, and Proliferation of Stem Cells of Apical Papilla. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6612324. [PMID: 34046070 PMCID: PMC8128554 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of a silk fibroin-RGD-stem cell factor (SF-RGD-SCF) scaffold on the migration, proliferation, and attachment of stem cells of apical papilla (SCAPs). SF, SF-RGD, SF-SCF, and SF-RGD-SCF scaffolds were prepared, and laser confocal microscopy was used to observe the adhesion and growth status of SCAPs on the scaffolds. Furthermore, the numbers of SCAPs on the scaffolds were counted by a digestion counting method to evaluate their proliferation. Cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold proliferated more than those on the other scaffolds and showed a more obvious tendency to migrate to the scaffold's deep porous structure after 7 d seeding. Live/dead cell staining results showed that almost all the adhered cells were alive after 7 d. Furthermore, cell counting showed that the number of cells on the SF-RGD-SCF scaffold was highest after both 1 and 7 d (P < 0.05). Thus, the SF-RGD-SCF composite is biocompatible and promotes the migration, adhesion, and proliferation of SCAPs, making it of potential use as a scaffold for cell-homing pulp regeneration.
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16
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Oliveira CS, Carreira M, Correia CR, Mano JF. The Therapeutic Potential of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2021; 28:379-392. [PMID: 33683146 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2021.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The repair process of bone fractures is a complex biological mechanism requiring the recruitment and in situ functionality of stem/stromal cells from the bone marrow (BM). BM mesenchymal stem/stromal cells have been widely explored in multiple bone tissue engineering applications, whereas the use of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has been poorly investigated in this context. A reasonable explanation is the fact that the role of HSCs and their combined effect with other elements of the hematopoietic niches in the bone-healing process is still elusive. Therefore, in this review we intend to highlight the influence of HSCs in the bone repair process, mainly through the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the bone injury site. For that, we briefly describe the main biological characteristics of HSCs, as well as their hematopoietic niches, while reviewing the biomimetic engineered BM niche models. Moreover, we also highlighted the role of HSCs in translational in vivo transplantation or implantation as promoters of bone tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia S Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Carreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Clara R Correia
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
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17
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Stem cell-based therapy treating glioblastoma multiforme. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2021; 14:1-15. [PMID: 32971031 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is one of the most malignant types of central nervous system tumours, classified as grade IV by the World Health Organization. Despite the therapeutic advances, the prognosis is ominous, with a median survival of about 12-15 months post diagnosis. Although therapeutic options available can increase the survival, they are ineffective in treating patients with GB. Impairing factors such as the blood-brain barrier, cancer stem cells, and infiltration into brain parenchyma lead to failure of current therapies. Therefore, clinicians need novel/alternative effective strategies to treat GB. Due to their ability to preserve healthy tissues and to provide an effective and long-lasting response, stem cells (SCs) with tropism for tumour cells have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community. As is the case here, SCs can be used to target brain tumour cancer cells, especially high-grade malignant gliomas like GB, by overcoming the resistance and exerting benefits for patients affected with such lethal disease. Herein, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding SC-based therapy for the treatment of GB, focalising our attention on SCs and SC-released extracellular vesicles modified to express/load different antitumour payloads, as well as on SCs exploited as a diagnostic tool. Advantages and unresolved issues of anticancer SC-based therapy will also be considered.
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18
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Knecht RS, Bucher CH, Van Linthout S, Tschöpe C, Schmidt-Bleek K, Duda GN. Mechanobiological Principles Influence the Immune Response in Regeneration: Implications for Bone Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:614508. [PMID: 33644014 PMCID: PMC7907627 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.614508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A misdirected or imbalanced local immune composition is often one of the reasons for unsuccessful regeneration resulting in scarring or fibrosis. Successful healing requires a balanced initiation and a timely down-regulation of the inflammation for the re-establishment of a biologically and mechanically homeostasis. While biomaterial-based approaches to control local immune responses are emerging as potential new treatment options, the extent to which biophysical material properties themselves play a role in modulating a local immune niche response has so far been considered only occasionally. The communication loop between extracellular matrix, non-hematopoietic cells, and immune cells seems to be specifically sensitive to mechanical cues and appears to play a role in the initiation and promotion of a local inflammatory setting. In this review, we focus on the crosstalk between ECM and its mechanical triggers and how they impact immune cells and non-hematopoietic cells and their crosstalk during tissue regeneration. We realized that especially mechanosensitive receptors such as TRPV4 and PIEZO1 and the mechanosensitive transcription factor YAP/TAZ are essential to regeneration in various organ settings. This indicates novel opportunities for therapeutic approaches to improve tissue regeneration, based on the immune-mechanical principles found in bone but also lung, heart, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael S Knecht
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian H Bucher
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Van Linthout
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charite'-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Cymer M, Brzezniakiewicz-Janus K, Bujko K, Thapa A, Ratajczak J, Anusz K, Tracz M, Jackowska-Tracz A, Ratajczak MZ, Adamiak M. Pannexin-1 channel "fuels" by releasing ATP from bone marrow cells a state of sterile inflammation required for optimal mobilization and homing of hematopoietic stem cells. Purinergic Signal 2020; 16:313-325. [PMID: 32533388 PMCID: PMC7524928 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-020-09706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient harvest of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) after pharmacological mobilization from the bone marrow (BM) into peripheral blood (PB) and subsequent proper homing and engraftment of these cells are crucial for clinical outcomes from hematopoietic transplants. Since extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) plays an important role in both processes as an activator of sterile inflammation in the bone marrow microenvironment, we focused on the role of Pannexin-1 channel in the secretion of ATP to trigger both egress of HSPCs out of BM into PB as well as in reverse process that is their homing to BM niches after transplantation into myeloablated recipient. We employed a specific blocking peptide against Pannexin-1 channel and noticed decreased mobilization efficiency of HSPCs as well as other types of BM-residing stem cells including mesenchymal stroma cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitors (EPCs), and very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs). To explain better a role of Pannexin-1, we report that eATP activated Nlrp3 inflammasome in Gr-1+ and CD11b+ cells enriched for granulocytes and monocytes. This led to release of danger-associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) and mitochondrial DNA (miDNA) that activate complement cascade (ComC) required for optimal egress of HSPCs from BM. On the other hand, Pannexin-1 channel blockage in transplant recipient mice leads to a defect in homing and engraftment of HSPCs. Based on this, Pannexin-1 channel as a source of eATP plays an important role in HSPCs trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Cymer
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Kamila Bujko
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Arjun Thapa
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Janina Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Tracz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jackowska-Tracz
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mateusz Adamiak
- Center for Preclinical Studies and Technology, Department of Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 61, 02-091, Warsaw, Poland.
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20
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Hadryś A, Sochanik A, McFadden G, Jazowiecka-Rakus J. Mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for systemic delivery of oncolytic viruses. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:172991. [PMID: 32044323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Progress in genetic engineering led to the emergence of some viruses as potent anticancer therapeutics. These oncolytic viruses combine self-amplification with dual antitumor action: oncolytic (destruction of cancer cells) and immunostimulatory (eliciting acquired antitumor response against cancer epitopes). As any other viruses, they trigger antiviral response upon systemic administration. Mesenchymal stem cells are immature cells capable of self-renewing and differentiating into many cell types that belong to three germinal layers. Due to their inherent tumor tropism mesenchymal stem cells loaded with oncolytic virus can improve delivery of the therapeutic cargo to cancer sites. Shielding of oncolytic viral construct from antiviral host immune response makes these cells prospective delivery vehicles to even hard-to-reach metastatic neoplastic foci. Use of mesenchymal stem cells has been criticized by some investigators as limiting proliferative abilities of primary cells and increasing the risk of malignant transformation, as well as attenuating therapeutic responses. However, majority of preclinical studies indicate safety and efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells used as carriers of oncolytic viruses. In view of contradictory postulates, the debate continues. The review discusses mesenchymal stem cells as carriers for delivery of genetically engineered oncolytic constructs and focuses on systemic approach to oncoviral treatment of some deadly neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Hadryś
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Poland.
| | - Aleksander Sochanik
- Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Grant McFadden
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
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21
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Kavari SL, Shah K. Engineered stem cells targeting multiple cell surface receptors in tumors. Stem Cells 2020; 38:34-44. [PMID: 31381835 PMCID: PMC6981034 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple stem cell types exhibit inherent tropism for cancer, and engineered stem cells have been used as therapeutic agents to specifically target cancer cells. Recently, stem cells have been engineered to target multiple surface receptors on tumor cells, as well as endothelial and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the rationales and strategies for developing multiple receptor-targeted stem cells, their mechanisms of action, and the promises and challenges they hold as cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam L Kavari
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
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22
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Bonavita O, Mollica Poeta V, Massara M, Mantovani A, Bonecchi R. Regulation of hematopoiesis by the chemokine system. Cytokine 2019; 109:76-80. [PMID: 29429849 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although chemokines are best known for their role in directing cell migration, accumulating evidence indicate their involvement in many other processes. This review focus on the role of chemokines in hematopoiesis with an emphasis on myelopoiesis. Indeed, many chemokine family members are an important component of the cytokine network present in the bone marrow that controls proliferation, retention, and mobilization of hematopoietic progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Valeria Mollica Poeta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy
| | - Matteo Massara
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy; The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano (MI), Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, 20090 Pieve Emanuele (MI), Italy.
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Valent P, Sadovnik I, Eisenwort G, Herrmann H, Bauer K, Mueller N, Sperr WR, Wicklein D, Schumacher U. Redistribution, homing and organ-invasion of neoplastic stem cells in myeloid neoplasms. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 60:191-201. [PMID: 31408723 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of a myeloid neoplasm is a step-wise process that originates from leukemic stem cells (LSC) and includes pre-leukemic stages, overt leukemia and a drug-resistant terminal phase. Organ-invasion may occur in any stage, but is usually associated with advanced disease and a poor prognosis. Sometimes, extra-medullary organ invasion shows a metastasis-like or even sarcoma-like destructive growth of neoplastic cells in local tissue sites. Examples are myeloid sarcoma, mast cell sarcoma and localized blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. So far, little is known about mechanisms underlying re-distribution and extramedullary dissemination of LSC in myeloid neoplasms. In this article, we discuss mechanisms through which LSC can mobilize out of the bone marrow niche, can transmigrate from the blood stream into extramedullary organs, can invade local tissue sites and can potentially create or support the formation of local stem cell niches. In addition, we discuss strategies to interfere with LSC expansion and organ invasion by targeted drug therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irina Sadovnik
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Eisenwort
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Department of Medicine III, Austria
| | - Karin Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Niklas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Sperr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology & Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Wicklein
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Udo Schumacher
- Institute of Anatomy and Experimental Morphology, University Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Han YC, Chen TT. A pathway-focused RT-qPCR array study on immune relevant genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) harboring cecropin P1 transgene. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 89:1-11. [PMID: 30902722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, our laboratory had produced five families of transgenic rainbow trout harboring cecropin P1 transgene, and via repeated challenge studies these fish exhibited a significant elevation of resistance to infection by microbial pathogens. By cDNA microarray and mRNA deep sequencing (mRNA-seq) analyses on two of the five families of cecropin P1 transgenic fish, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relevant to the innate and adaptive immune pathways in three different immune-related tissues, (i.e. spleen, kidney and liver) were profiled. These results supported our hypothesis that in addition to its direct microbicidal activity, the transgene product of cecropin P1 induces immunomodulatory activity in the transgenic host. Here, we have adapted the technique of quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR (RT-qPCR) array to analyze the expression of genes relevant to the innate and adaptive immune pathways in the rest three families. A RT-qPCR array was constructed with oligonucleotide primers of fifty-two innate/adaptive immune relevant DEGs shown to be the most perturbed by cecropin P1 transgene product in previous studies. Messenger RNA isolated from the spleen, kidney and liver of transgenic fish and non-transgenic fish control were studied on this array. Results of RT-qPCR array revealed that statistically significant perturbations of gene expression were detected in pathways of cytokine/chemokine signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, complement cascade, antigen processing/presentation, lysosomal phagocytosis and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration in the transgenic spleen; extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration pathways in the transgenic kidney; lysosomal activity pathway in the transgenic liver. Furthermore, genes related to the pathways of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling, lipid metabolism process and arachidonic acid metabolism were also impacted in the transgenic liver. Findings of the current study are in good agreement with those discoveries in previous two transgenic families by cDNA microarray and mRNA-seq analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Chiang Han
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
| | - Thomas T Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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Bone marrow sinusoidal endothelium as a facilitator/regulator of cell egress from the bone marrow. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 137:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Abstract
Bone and marrow are the two facets of the same organ, in which bone and hematopoietic cells coexist and interact. Marrow and skeletal tissue influence each-other and a variety of genetic disorders directly targets both of them, which may result in combined hematopoietic failure and skeletal malformations. Other conditions primarily affect one organ with secondary influences on the other. For instance, various forms of congenital anemias reduce bone mass and induce osteoporosis, while osteoclast failure in osteopetrosis prevents marrow development reducing medullary cavities and causing anemia and pancytopenia. Understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions may facilitate diagnosis and management, although many disorders are presently incurable. This article describes several congenital bone diseases and their relationship to hematopoietic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Different effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and erythropoietin on erythropoiesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:119. [PMID: 29720275 PMCID: PMC5930863 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Red blood cells are the most abundant cells in the blood that deliver oxygen to the whole body. Erythropoietin (EPO), a positive regulator of erythropoiesis, is currently the major treatment for chronic anemia. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine and a well-known regulator of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and mobilization. The use of EPO in combination with G-CSF has been reported to synergistically improve erythroid responses in a group of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes who did not respond to EPO treatment alone; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Methods C57BL/6 J mice injected with G-CSF or EPO were used to compare the erythropoiesis status and the efficiency of erythroid mobilization by flow cytometry. Results In this study, we found that G-CSF induced more orthochromatophilic erythroblast production than did EPO in the bone marrow and spleen. In addition, in contrast to EPO treatments, G-CSF treatments enhanced the efficiency of the mobilization of newly synthesized reticulocytes into peripheral blood. Our results demonstrated that the effects of G-CSF on erythropoiesis and erythrocytic mobilization were independent of EPO secretion and, in contrast to EPO, G-CSF promoted progression of erythropoiesis through transition of early stage R2 (basophilic erythroblasts) to late stage R4 (orthochromatophilic erythroblasts). Conclusions We demonstrate for the first time that G-CSF treatments induce a faster erythropoiesis-enhancing response than that of EPO. These findings suggest an alternative approach to treating acute anemia, especially when patients are experiencing a clinical emergency in remote areas without proper blood bank supplies.
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Selleri C, Montuori N, Salvati A, Serio B, Pesapane A, Ricci P, Gorrasi A, Li Santi A, Hoyer-Hansen G, Ragno P. Involvement of urokinase receptor in the cross-talk between human hematopoietic stem cells and bone marrow microenvironment. Oncotarget 2018; 7:60206-60217. [PMID: 27517491 PMCID: PMC5312379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in bone marrow (BM) and can be induced to mobilize into the circulation for transplantation. Homing and lodgement into BM of transplanted HSCs are the first critical steps in their engraftment and involve multiple interactions between HSCs and the BM microenvironment.uPAR is a three domain receptor (DIDIIDIII) which binds urokinase, vitronectin, integrins. uPAR can be cleaved and shed from the cell surface generating full-length and cleaved soluble forms (suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR). DIIDIII-suPAR can bind fMLF receptors through the SRSRY sequence (residues 88-92).We previously reported the involvement of soluble uPAR in HSC mobilization. We now investigate its possible role in HSC homing and engraftment.We show similar levels of circulating full-length suPAR in healthy donors and in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients before and after the pre-transplant conditioning regimen. By contrast, levels of circulating DIIDIII-suPAR in AML patients are higher as compared to controls and significantly decrease after the conditioning.We found that suPAR and uPAR84-95, a uPAR-derived peptide which mimics active DIIDIII-suPAR, induce a significant increase in Long Term Culture (LTC)-Initiating Cells (ICs) and in the release of clonogenic progenitors from LTCs of CD34+ HSCs. Further, suPAR increases adhesion and survival of CD34+ KG1 AML cells, whereas uPAR84-95 increases their proliferation.Thus, circulating DIIDIII-suPAR, strongly increased in HSC mobilization, is indeed down-regulated by pre-transplant conditioning, probably to favour HSC homing. BM full-length suPAR and DIIDIII-suPAR may be involved in HSC lodgement within the BM by contributing to a suitable microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Nunzia Montuori
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Bianca Serio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ada Pesapane
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ricci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Gorrasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Li Santi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pia Ragno
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
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Santio NM, Koskinen PJ. PIM kinases: From survival factors to regulators of cell motility. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 93:74-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jabłoński M, Mazur JK, Tarnowski M, Dołęgowska B, Pędziwiatr D, Kubiś E, Budkowska M, Sałata D, Wysiecka JP, Kazimierczak A, Reginia A, Ratajczak MZ, Samochowiec J. Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells and Changes in the Concentration of Plasma Factors Influencing their Movement in Patients with Panic Disorder. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 13:217-225. [PMID: 27914035 PMCID: PMC5380702 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9700-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we examined whether stem cells and factors responsible for their movement may serve as new biological markers of anxiety disorders. The study was carried out on a group of 30 patients diagnosed with panic disorder (examined before and after treatment), compared to 30 healthy individuals forming the control group. We examined the number of circulating HSCs (hematopoetic stem cells) (Lin−/CD45 +/CD34 +) and HSCs (Lin−/CD45 +/AC133 +), the number of circulating VSELs (very small embryonic-like stem cells) (Lin−/CD45−/CD34 +) and VSELs (Lin−/CD45−/AC133 +), as well as the concentration of complement components: C3a, C5a and C5b-9, SDF-1 (stromal derived factor) and S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate). Significantly lower levels of HSCs (Lin−/CD45 +/AC133 +) have been demonstrated in the patient group compared to the control group both before and after treatment. The level of VSELs (Lin−/CD45−/CD133 +) was significantly lower in the patient group before treatment as compared to the patient group after treatment. The levels of factors responsible for stem cell movement were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group before and after treatment. It was concluded that the study of stem cells and factors associated with their movement can be useful in the diagnostics of panic disorder, as well as differentiating between psychotic and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jabłoński
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jolanta Kucharska Mazur
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daniel Pędziwiatr
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kubiś
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Daria Sałata
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Pełka Wysiecka
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Artur Reginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Program at the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
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Intravital longitudinal wide-area imaging of dynamic bone marrow engraftment and multilineage differentiation through nuclear-cytoplasmic labeling. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187660. [PMID: 29099870 PMCID: PMC5669471 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow is a vital tissue that produces the majority of erythrocytes, thrombocytes, and immune cells. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has been widely performed in patients with blood disorders and cancers. However, the cellular-level behaviors of the transplanted bone marrow cells over wide-areas of the host bone marrow after the BMT are not fully understood yet. In this work, we performed a longitudinal wide-area cellular-level observation of the calvarial bone marrow after the BMT in vivo. Using a H2B-GFP/β-actin-DsRed double-transgenic mouse model as a donor, a subcellular-level nuclear-cytoplasmic visualization of the transplanted bone marrow cells was achieved, which enabled a direct in vivo dynamic monitoring of the distribution and proliferation of the transplanted bone marrow cells. The same spots in the wide-area of the calvarial bone marrow were repeatedly identified using fluorescently labeled vasculature as a distinct landmark. It revealed various dynamic cellular-level behaviors of the transplanted BM cells in early stage such as cluster formation, migration, and active proliferation in vivo.
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Fidyk W, Mitrus I, Ciomber A, Smagur A, Chwieduk A, Głowala-Kosińska M, Giebel S. Evaluation of proinflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines in blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cell donors. Cytokine 2017; 102:181-186. [PMID: 28927758 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cytokine composition of bone marrow microenvironment in comparison to blood is poorly explored. The goal of this study was to investigate the levels of cytokines present in peripheral blood and bone marrow of healthy hematopoietic stem cells donors. The data obtained on this subject with addition to cytometric analysis can provide new insight into the hematopoietic stem cells microenvironment. METHODOLOGY Study consisted of cytokine concentration analysis performed by ELISA tests of peripheral blood of healthy peripheral blood stem cells donors and bone marrow of healthy bone marrow donors. Additionally we have tested the expression of CD47 and CD274 proteins on the surface of hematopoietic stem cells by the flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS The results has shown different composition of analyzed cytokines (IL-1 β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, TGF-β1, IFN-γ and TNF-α) present in bone marrow and blood of stem cells donors. The hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood are subjected to higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines whilst the lower level of those cytokines in bone marrow with a very high level of TGF-β1 which possibly creates a more immunosuppressive environment. The IL-10 level was significantly higher in peripheral blood of PBSC donors after the administration of mobilizing factor (G-CSF). The percentage of CD47+HSCs was significantly higher in bone marrow compared to peripheral blood of mobilized donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Fidyk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland.
| | - Iwona Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ciomber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Andrzej Smagur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Agata Chwieduk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Magdalena Głowala-Kosińska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
| | - Sebastian Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Onco-Hematology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Wybrzeże Armii Krajowej 15 Street, Poland
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Stem cells in cancer therapy: opportunities and challenges. Oncotarget 2017; 8:75756-75766. [PMID: 29088907 PMCID: PMC5650462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic cancer cells generally cannot be eradicated using traditional surgical or chemoradiotherapeutic strategies, and disease recurrence is extremely common following treatment. On the other hand, therapies employing stem cells are showing increasing promise in the treatment of cancer. Stem cells can function as novel delivery platforms by homing to and targeting both primary and metastatic tumor foci. Stem cells engineered to stably express various cytotoxic agents decrease tumor volumes and extend survival in preclinical animal models. They have also been employed as virus and nanoparticle carriers to enhance primary therapeutic efficacies and relieve treatment side effects. Additionally, stem cells can be applied in regenerative medicine, immunotherapy, cancer stem cell-targeted therapy, and anticancer drug screening applications. However, while using stem cells to treat human cancers appears technically feasible, challenges such as treatment durability and tumorigenesis necessitate further study to improve therapeutic performance and applicability. This review focuses on recent progress toward stem cell-based cancer treatments, and summarizes treatment advantages, opportunities, and shortcomings, potentially helping to refine future trials and facilitate the translation from experimental to clinical studies.
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Kode J, Khattry N, Bakshi A, Amrutkar V, Bagal B, Karandikar R, Rane P, Fujii N, Chiplunkar S. Study of stem cell homing & self-renewal marker gene profile of ex vivo expanded human CD34 + cells manipulated with a mixture of cytokines & stromal cell-derived factor 1. Indian J Med Res 2017; 146:56-70. [PMID: 29168461 PMCID: PMC5719609 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1319_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES Next generation transplantation medicine aims to develop stimulating cocktail for increased ex vivo expansion of primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). The present study was done to evaluate the cocktail GF (Thrombopoietin + Stem Cell factor + Flt3-ligand) and homing-defining molecule Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) for HSPC ex vivo expansion. METHODS Peripheral blood stem cell (n=74) harvests were analysed for CD34hiCD45lo HSPC. Immunomagnetically enriched HSPC were cultured for eight days and assessed for increase in HSPC, colony forming potential in vitro and in vivo engrafting potential by analyzing human CD45+ cells. Expression profile of genes for homing and stemness were studied using microarray analysis. Expression of adhesion/homing markers were validated by flow cytometry/ confocal microscopy. RESULTS CD34hiCD45lo HSPC expansion cultures with GF+SDF1 demonstrated increased nucleated cells (n=28, P+ cells (n=8, P=0.021) and increased colony forming units (cfu) compared to unstimulated and GF-stimulated HSPC. NOD-SCID mice transplanted with GF+SDF1-HSPC exhibited successful homing/engraftment (n=24, PInterpretation & conclusions: Cocktail of cytokines and SDF1 showed good potential to successfully expand HSPC which exhibited enhanced ability to generate multilineage cells in short-term and long-term repopulation assay. This cocktail-mediated stem cell expansion has potential to obviate the need for longer and large volume apheresis procedure making it convenient for donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Kode
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
- Reprint requests: Dr. Jyoti Kode, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Chiplunkar Laboratory, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, Mumbai 410 210, Maharashtra, India e-mail:
| | - Navin Khattry
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Ashish Bakshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Vasanti Amrutkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohini Karandikar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Pallavi Rane
- Clinical Trial Unit, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nobutaka Fujii
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shubhada Chiplunkar
- Chiplunkar Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Dr. LH Hiranandani Hospital, Mumbai, India
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Comparative Evaluation of Chemotactic Factor Effect on Migration and Differentiation of Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla. J Endod 2017; 43:1288-1293. [PMID: 28578888 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cell homing strategies could potentially be used in regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) to promote the progressive coronal migration of stem cells, including stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAPs), along with formation of a new vascular network without the need for intentional apical trauma and intracanal bleeding. Although many chemotactic factors have been investigated for different mesenchymal stem cells, their effect on SCAP migration and differentiation is not fully understood. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the effect of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) on the migration and differentiation of SCAPs. METHODS A characterized SCAP cell line was fluorescently labeled with Vybrant DiO dye (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) and used in transwell migration assays. Cells were subjected to 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL of each factor or a combination of factors followed by detection in a fluorescent plate reader. Lastly, SCAP differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype was evaluated in the presence or absence of the tested factors by quantitative alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase activity. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance with the Tukey post hoc test. RESULTS Maximum migration was observed with G-CSF or FGF-2, which was significantly greater than the effects observed by the other tested factors. A combination of G-CSF with TGF-β1 significantly augmented both migration and differentiation into a mineralizing phenotype. CONCLUSIONS G-CSF appears to be well suited to be further investigated as a key chemotactic factor in cell homing-based regenerative endodontic procedures.
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Sass FA, Schmidt-Bleek K, Ellinghaus A, Filter S, Rose A, Preininger B, Reinke S, Geissler S, Volk HD, Duda GN, Dienelt A. CD31+ Cells From Peripheral Blood Facilitate Bone Regeneration in Biologically Impaired Conditions Through Combined Effects on Immunomodulation and Angiogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:902-912. [PMID: 27976803 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Controlled revascularization and inflammation are key elements regulating endogenous regeneration after (bone) tissue trauma. Peripheral blood-derived cell subsets, such as regulatory T-helper cells and circulating (endothelial) progenitor cells, respectively, can support endogenous tissue healing, whereas effector T cells that are associated with an aged immune system can hinder bone regeneration. CD31 is expressed by diverse leukocytes and is well recognized as a marker of circulating endothelial (precursor) cells; however, CD31 is absent from the surface of differentiated effector T cells. Thus, we hypothesized that by separating the inhibitory fractions from the supportive fractions of circulating cells within the peripheral blood (PB) using the CD31 marker, bone regeneration in biologically compromised conditions, such as those observed in aged patients, could be improved. In support of our hypothesis, we detected an inverse correlation between CD31+ cells and effector T cells in the hematomas of human fracture patients, dependent on the age of the patient. Furthermore, we demonstrated the regenerative capacity of human PB-CD31+ cells in vitro. These findings were translated to a clinically relevant rat model of impaired bone healing. The transplantation of rat PB-CD31+ cells advanced bone tissue restoration in vivo and was associated with an early anti-inflammatory response, the stimulation of (re)vascularization, and reduced fibrosis. Interestingly, the depletion or enrichment of the highly abundant CD31+/14+ monocytes from the mixed CD31+ cell population diminished tissue regeneration at different levels, suggesting combined effects within the PB-CD31+ subsets. In summary, an intraoperative enrichment of PB-CD31+ cells might be a novel option to facilitate endogenous regeneration under biologically impaired situations by supporting immunomodulation and vascularization. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Andrea Sass
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt-Bleek
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Ellinghaus
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Filter
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Rose
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Preininger
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Reinke
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sven Geissler
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg N Duda
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anke Dienelt
- Julius Wolff Institute (JWI) and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Acquired expression of CblQ367P in mice induces dysplastic myelopoiesis mimicking chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. Blood 2017; 129:2148-2160. [PMID: 28209720 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-724658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematological malignancy characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of dysplastic myelomonocytes and frequent progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identified mutations in the Cbl gene, which encodes a negative regulator of cytokine signaling, in a subset of CMML patients. To investigate the contribution of mutant Cbl in CMML pathogenesis, we generated conditional knockin mice for Cbl that express wild-type Cbl in a steady state and inducibly express CblQ367P , a CMML-associated Cbl mutant. CblQ367P mice exhibited sustained proliferation of myelomonocytes, multilineage dysplasia, and splenomegaly, which are the hallmarks of CMML. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT and JAK-STAT pathways were constitutively activated in CblQ367P hematopoietic stem cells, which promoted cell cycle progression and enhanced chemokine-chemokine receptor activity. Gem, a gene encoding a GTPase that is upregulated by CblQ367P , enhanced hematopoietic stem cell activity and induced myeloid cell proliferation. In addition, Evi1, a gene encoding a transcription factor, was found to cooperate with CblQ367P and progress CMML to AML. Furthermore, targeted inhibition for the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT pathways efficiently suppressed the proliferative activity of CblQ367P -bearing CMML cells. Our findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying mutant Cbl-induced CMML and propose a possible molecular targeting therapy for mutant Cbl-carrying CMML patients.
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Paczulla AM, Dirnhofer S, Konantz M, Medinger M, Salih HR, Rothfelder K, Tsakiris DA, Passweg JR, Lundberg P, Lengerke C. Long-term observation reveals high-frequency engraftment of human acute myeloid leukemia in immunodeficient mice. Haematologica 2017; 102:854-864. [PMID: 28183848 PMCID: PMC5477604 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2016.153528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repopulation of immunodeficient mice remains the primary method for functional assessment of human acute myeloid leukemia. Published data report engraftment in ~40–66% of cases, mostly of intermediate- or poor-risk subtypes. Here we report that extending follow-up beyond the standard analysis endpoints of 10 to 16 weeks after transplantation permitted leukemic engraftment from nearly every case of xenotransplanted acute myeloid leukemia (18/19, ~95%). Xenogeneic leukemic cells showed conserved immune pheno-types and genetic signatures when compared to corresponding pre-transplant cells and, furthermore, were able to induce leukemia in re-transplantation assays. Importantly, bone marrow biopsies taken at standardized time points failed to detect leukemic cells in 11/18 of cases that later showed robust engraftment (61%, termed “long-latency engrafters”), indicating that leukemic cells can persist over months at undetectable levels without losing disease-initiating properties. Cells from favorable-risk leukemia subtypes required longer to become detectable in NOD/SCID/IL2Rγnull mice (27.5±9.4 weeks) than did cells from intermediate-risk (21.9±9.4 weeks, P<0.01) or adverse-risk (17±7.6 weeks; P<0.0001) subtypes, explaining why the engraftment of the first was missed with previous protocols. Mechanistically, leukemic cells engrafting after a prolonged latency showed inferior homing to the bone marrow. Finally, we applied our model to favorable-risk acute myeloid leukemia with inv(16); here, we showed that CD34+ (but not CD34−) blasts induced robust, long-latency engraftment and expressed enhanced levels of stem cell genes. In conclusion, we provide a model that allows in vivo mouse studies with a wide range of molecular subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia subtypes which were previously considered not able to engraft, thus enabling novel insights into leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Paczulla
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Dirnhofer
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Pathology, Switzerland
| | - Martina Konantz
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Switzerland
| | - Michael Medinger
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Clinic for Hematology, Switzerland
| | - Helmut R Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Department for Internal Medicine II, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Rothfelder
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Department for Internal Medicine II, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Tsakiris
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Diagnostic Hematology, Switzerland
| | - Jakob R Passweg
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Clinic for Hematology, Switzerland
| | - Pontus Lundberg
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Diagnostic Hematology, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Switzerland .,University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Clinic for Hematology, Switzerland.,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
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Bendall L. Extracellular molecules in hematopoietic stem cell mobilisation. Int J Hematol 2016; 105:118-128. [PMID: 27826715 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-016-2123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells are a remarkable resource currently used for the life saving treatment, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Today, hematopoietic stem cells are primarily obtained from mobilized peripheral blood following treatment of the donor with the cytokine G-CSF, and in some settings, chemotherapy and/or the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor. The collection of hematopoietic stem cells is contingent on adequate and timely mobilization of these cells into the peripheral blood. The use of healthy donors, particularly when unrelated to the patient, requires mobilization strategies be safe for the donor. While current mobilization strategies are largely successful, adequate mobilization fails to occur in a significant portion of donors. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the egress of stem cells from the bone marrow provides opportunities to further improve the process of collecting hematopoietic stem cells. Here, the role extracellular components of the blood and bone marrow in the mobilization process are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Bendall
- Centre for Cancer Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, 176 Hawkesbury Rd, Westmead, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
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Castela A, Gomes P, Silvestre R, Guardão L, Leite L, Chilro R, Rodrigues I, Vendeira P, Virag R, Costa C. Vasculogenesis and Diabetic Erectile Dysfunction: How Relevant Is Glycemic Control? J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:82-91. [PMID: 27237706 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a complication of diabetes, condition responsible for causing endothelial dysfunction (EDys) and hampering repair mechanisms. However, scarce information is available linking vasculogenesis mediated by Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) and diabetes-associated ED. Furthermore, it remains to be elucidated if glycemic control plays a role on EPCs functions, EPCs modulators, and penile vascular health. We evaluated the effects of diabetes and insulin therapy on bone marrow (BM) and circulating EPCs, testosterone, and systemic/penile Stromal Derived Factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) expression. Male Wistar rats were divided into groups: age-matched controls, 8-weeks streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetics, and insulin-treated 8-weeks diabetics. EPCs were identified by flow cytometry for CD34/CD133/VEGFR2/CXCR4 antigens. Systemic SDF-1α and testosterone levels were evaluated by ELISA. Penile SDF-1α protein expression was assessed, in experimental and human diabetic cavernosal samples, by immunohistochemical techniques. Diabetic animals presented a reduction of BM-derived EPCs and an increase in putative circulating endothelial cells (CECs) sloughed from vessels wall. These alterations were rescued by insulin therapy. In addition, glycemic control promoted an increase in systemic testosterone and SDF-1α levels, which were significantly decreased in animals with diabetes. SDF-1α protein expression was reduced in experimental and human cavernosal diabetic samples, an effect prevented by insulin in treated animals. Insulin administration rescued the effects of diabetes on BM function, CECs levels, testosterone, and plasmatic/penile SDF-1α protein expression. This emphasizes the importance of glycemic control in the prevention of diabetes-induced systemic and penile EDys, by the amelioration of endothelial damage, and increase in protective pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 82-91, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Castela
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology of the University of Porto (IBMC-UP), Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silvestre
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Luísa Guardão
- Animal Facility, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Leite
- Animal Facility, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Chilro
- Digital University, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ilda Rodrigues
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vendeira
- Clínica Saúde Atlântica, Clínica Urológica Vendeira, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ronald Virag
- Centre d'Explorations et Traitements de l'Impuissance, Paris, France
| | - Carla Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Exercise as an Adjuvant Therapy for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7131359. [PMID: 27123008 PMCID: PMC4830735 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7131359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) using mobilized peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cells (HSPCs) is the only curative strategy for many patients suffering from hematological malignancies. HSPC collection protocols rely on pharmacological agents to mobilize HSPCs to peripheral blood. Limitations including variable donor responses and long dosing protocols merit further investigations into adjuvant therapies to enhance the efficiency of HSPCs collection. Exercise, a safe and feasible intervention in patients undergoing HSCT, has been previously shown to robustly stimulate HSPC mobilization from the bone marrow. Exercise-induced HSPC mobilization is transient limiting its current clinical potential. Thus, a deeper investigation of the mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced HSPC mobilization and the factors responsible for removal of HSPCs from circulation following exercise is warranted. The present review will describe current research on exercise and HSPC mobilization, outline the potential mechanisms responsible for exercise-induced HSPC mobilization, and highlight potential sites for HSPC homing following exercise. We also outline current barriers to the implementation of exercise as an adjuvant therapy for HSPC mobilization and suggest potential strategies to overcome these barriers.
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Yin PT, Han E, Lee KB. Engineering Stem Cells for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:10-55. [PMID: 25772134 PMCID: PMC5810416 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are characterized by a number of useful properties, including their ability to migrate, differentiate, and secrete a variety of therapeutic molecules such as immunomodulatory factors. As such, numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have utilized stem cell-based therapies and demonstrated their tremendous potential for the treatment of various human diseases and disorders. Recently, efforts have focused on engineering stem cells in order to further enhance their innate abilities as well as to confer them with new functionalities, which can then be used in various biomedical applications. These engineered stem cells can take on a number of forms. For instance, engineered stem cells encompass the genetic modification of stem cells as well as the use of stem cells for gene delivery, nanoparticle loading and delivery, and even small molecule drug delivery. The present Review gives an in-depth account of the current status of engineered stem cells, including potential cell sources, the most common methods used to engineer stem cells, and the utilization of engineered stem cells in various biomedical applications, with a particular focus on tissue regeneration, the treatment of immunodeficiency diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry T Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Edward Han
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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Sleep disruption impairs haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8516. [PMID: 26465715 PMCID: PMC4621781 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the factors affecting the success of haematopoietic cell transplantation are still unknown. Here we show in mice that donor sleep deprivation reduces the ability of its haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to engraft and reconstitute the blood and bone marrow of an irradiated recipient by more than 50%. We demonstrate that sleep deprivation downregulates the expression of microRNA (miR)-19b, a negative regulator of the suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) genes, which inhibit HSC migration and homing. Accordingly, HSCs from sleep-deprived mice have higher levels of SOCS genes expression, lower migration capacity in vitro and reduced homing to the bone marrow in vivo. Recovery of sleep after sleep deprivation restored the reconstitution potential of the HSCs. Taken together, this study provides insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of sleep deprivation on HSCs, emphasizing the potentially critical role of donor sleep in the success of bone marrow transplantation.
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Santiago-Osorio E, Ledesma-Martínez E, Aguiñiga-Sánchez I, Poblano-Pérez I, Weiss-Steider B, Montesinos-Montesinos JJ, de Lourdes Mora-García M. Sodium Caseinate (CasNa) Induces Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a BALB/c Mouse Model. Med Sci Monit Basic Res 2015; 21:206-12. [PMID: 26409928 PMCID: PMC4590580 DOI: 10.12659/msmbr.895442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem cells transplantation has high clinical potential against a wide variety of hematologic, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases and solid tumors. Clinically, hematopoietic stem cells derived from peripheral blood are currently used more than those obtained from sources such as bone marrow. However, mobilizing agents used in the clinic tend to fail in high rates, making the number of mobilized cells insufficient for transplantation. We investigated whether sodium caseinate induces functional mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells into peripheral blood of Balb/c mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Using a mouse model, we administrated sodium caseinate or Plerixafor, a commercial mobilizing agent, and analyzed counts of hematopoietic stem cells in peripheral blood, and then cells were transplanted into lethally irradiated mice to restore hematopoiesis. All assays were performed at least twice. RESULTS We found that sodium caseinate increases the number of mononuclear cells in peripheral blood with the immunophenotype of hematopoietic stem cells (0.2 to 0.5% LSK cells), allowing them to form colonies of various cell lineages in semisolid medium (p<0.05). This effect is similar to that of Plerixafor, and cells transplanted into lethally irradiated mice can restore hematopoiesis at higher percentages than mononuclear cells mobilized by Plerixafor (40% vs. 20%, respectively). Further, a secondary transplant rescued a separate group of irradiated mice from death, proving definitive evidence of hematopoietic reconstitution after hematopoietic stem cells transplantation. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. To determine significant differences between the data, one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test were used. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these results show the utility of sodium caseinate as a mobilizer of hematopoietic stem cells and its potential clinical application in transplantation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edelmiro Santiago-Osorio
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ledesma-Martínez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzen Aguiñiga-Sánchez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Poblano-Pérez
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Hematopoiesis and Leukemia Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan José Montesinos-Montesinos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells Laboratory, Oncology Research Unit, Oncology Hospital, National Medical Center, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Mora-García
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Research Unit on Cell Differentiation and Cancer, FES-Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
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Hong SH, Kim KS, Oh IH. Concise review: Exploring miRNAs--toward a better understanding of hematopoiesis. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1-7. [PMID: 25132287 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is governed by a multidimensional regulatory network involving both intrinsic and extrinsic factors that control self-renewal and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the coordination of influences that affect cell fate. Increasing evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs), short noncoding RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, play a central role in orchestrating these regulatory mechanisms to modulate the multiple entities of hematopoietic function in a cell-type specific manner, including self-renewal, lineage commitment, and survival of HSCs as well as their microenvironmental crosstalk. Here, we summarize the current understanding regarding the regulatory effects of miRNA on hematopoietic cells, thus enlightening their role in fine-tuning HSC function and hematopoietic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
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Arcangeli ML, Bardin F, Frontera V, Bidaut G, Obrados E, Adams RH, Chabannon C, Aurrand-Lions M. Function of Jam-B/Jam-C interaction in homing and mobilization of human and mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1043-54. [PMID: 24357068 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The junctional adhesion molecules Jam-b and Jam-c interact together at interendothelial junctions and have been involved in the regulation of immune response, inflammation, and leukocyte migration. More recently, Jam-c has been found to be expressed by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) in mouse. Conversely, we have reported that Jam-b is present on bone marrow stromal cells and that Jam-b-deficient mice have defects in the regulation of hematopoietic stem cell pool. In this study, we have addressed whether interaction between Jam-b and Jam-c participates to HSPC mobilization or hematopoietic reconstitution after irradiation. We show that a blocking monoclonal antibody directed against Jam-c inhibits hematopoietic reconstitution, progenitor homing to the bone marrow, and induces HSPC mobilization in a Jam-b dependent manner. In the latter setting, antibody treatment over a period of 3 days does not alter hematopoietic differentiation nor induce leukocytosis. Results are translated to human hematopoietic system in which a functional adhesive interaction between JAM-B and JAM-C is found between human HSPC and mesenchymal stem cells. Such an interaction does not occur between HSPC and human endothelial cells or osteoblasts. It is further shown that anti-JAM-C blocking antibody interferes with CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor homing in mouse bone marrow suggesting that monoclonal antibodies inhibiting JAM-B/JAM-C interaction may represent valuable therapeutic tools to improve stem cell mobilization protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Laure Arcangeli
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Inserm, UMR1068, Marseille, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France; CNRS, UMR7258, Marseille, France
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Richter R, Rüster B, Bistrian R, Forssmann WG, Seifried E, Henschler R. Beta-Chemokine CCL15 Affects the Adhesion and Migration of Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells. Transfus Med Hemother 2014; 42:29-37. [PMID: 25960713 DOI: 10.1159/000370168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HPC) motility is essential for HPC transplantation. The chemokine CXCL12 is key for HPC motility. Further regulators are of interest to improve HPC transplantation and regenerative medicine. Here the impact of the human chemokine CCL15 on HPC motility was investigated. METHODS CCL15 plasma concentrations were determined during HPC mobilization in humans. Activity of CCL15 on HPCs was investigated in murine assays, including chemotaxis, adhesion, and CFU-A assays, and competitive repopulation assays. RESULTS During HPC mobilization with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, blood plasma contains increased concentrations (1.1 ± 0.1 ng/ml) of activated CCL15(27-92) versus 0.4 ± 0.1 ng/ml in controls (p = 0.02). CCL15(27-92) significantly enhanced CXCL12-induced transwell migration of Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs and strengthened shear stress-dependent adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). CCL15(27-92) dose-dependently reduced the colony size in CFU-A assays performed with murine bone marrow and Lin-/Sca1+ HPCs. CCL15(27-92) did not show a direct impact on cell cycle status of HPCs. In murine repopulation assays, pretreatment of bone marrow with CCL15(27-92) significantly increased competitive repopulation. CONCLUSION Our results point to a regulation of HPCs by CCL15 by modulating migratory and adhesive properties of HPCs with the potency to improve HPC short-term engraftment in stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Richter
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany ; Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Brigitte Rüster
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Roxana Bistrian
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Wolf-Georg Forssmann
- Clinic of Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Erhard Seifried
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
| | - Reinhard Henschler
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immune Hematology, German Red Cross Blood Donor Center, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt/M., Germany
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Qian Y, Ng CL, Schulz C. CSN maintains the germline cellular microenvironment and controls the level of stem cell genes via distinct CRLs in testes of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev Biol 2014; 398:68-79. [PMID: 25459658 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells and their daughters are often associated with and depend on cues from their cellular microenvironment. In Drosophila testes, each Germline Stem Cell (GSC) contacts apical hub cells and is enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions from two Cyst Stem Cells (CySCs). Each GSC daughter becomes enclosed by cytoplasmic extensions from two CySC daughters, called cyst cells. CySC fate depends on an Unpaired (Upd) signal from the hub cells, which activates the Janus Kinase and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway in the stem cells. Germline enclosure depends on Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) signals from the germline to the somatic support cells. Expression of RNA-hairpins against subunits of the COnstitutively Photomorphogenic-9- (COP9-) signalosome (CSN) in somatic support cells disrupted germline enclosure. Furthermore, CSN-depleted somatic support cells in the CySC position next to the hub had reduced levels of the Jak/STAT effectors Zinc finger homeotic-1 (Zfh-1) and Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo). Knockdown of CSN in the somatic support cells does not disrupt EGF and Upd signal transduction as downstream signal transducers, phosphorylated STAT (pSTAT) and phosphorylated Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (pMAPK), were still localized to the somatic support cell nuclei. The CSN modifies fully formed Cullin RING ubiquitin ligase (CRL) complexes to regulate selective proteolysis. Reducing cullin2 (cul2) from the somatic support cells disrupted germline enclosure, while reducing cullin1 (cul1) from the somatic support cells led to a low level of Chinmo. We propose that different CRLs enable the responses of somatic support cells to Upd and EGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qian
- (a)University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Ripon College, Department of Biology, Ripon, WI 54971, USA
| | - Chun L Ng
- (a)University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Cordula Schulz
- (a)University of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Lo JH, Lin CM, Chen MJ, Chen TT. Altered gene expression patterns of innate and adaptive immunity pathways in transgenic rainbow trout harboring Cecropin P1 transgene. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:887. [PMID: 25306446 PMCID: PMC4201688 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have recently developed several homozygous families of transgenic rainbow trout harbouring cecropin P1 transgene. These fish exhibit resistance characteristic to infection by Aeromonas salmonicida and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV). In our earlier studies we have reported that treatment of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line (RTS11) with a linear cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (e.g., cecropin B) resulted in elevated levels of expression of two pro-inflammatory relevant genes (e.g., IL-1β and COX-2). Therefore, we hypothesized that in addition to the direct antimicrobial activity of cecropin P1 in the disease resistant transgenic rainbow trout, this antimicrobial peptide may also affect the expression of immune relevant genes in the host. To confirm this hypothesis, we launched a study to determine the global gene expression profiles in three immune competent organs of cecropin P1 transgenic rainbow trout by using a 44k salmonid microarray. Results From the microarray data, a total of 2480 genes in the spleen, 3022 in the kidney, and 2102 in the liver were determined as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cecropin P1 transgenic rainbow trout when compared to the non-transgenics. There were 478 DEGs in common among three tissues. Enrichment analyses conducted by two different bioinformatics tools revealed a tissue specific profile of functional pathway perturbation. Many of them were directly related to innate immune system such as phagocytosis, lysosomal processing, complement activation, antigen processing/presentation, and leukocyte migration. Perturbation of other biological functions that might contribute indirectly to host immunity was also observed. Conclusions The gene product of cecropin P1 transgene produced in the disease resistant transgenic rainbow trout not only can kill the pathogens directly but also exert multifaceted immunomodulatory properties to boost host immunity. The identified genes involved in different pathways related to immune function are valuable indicators associated with enhanced host immunity. These genes may serve as markers for selective breeding of rainbow trout or other aquaculture important fish species bearing traits of disease resistance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-887) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas T Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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Kimura W, Muralidhar S, Canseco DC, Puente B, Zhang CC, Xiao F, Abderrahman YH, Sadek HA. Redox signaling in cardiac renewal. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:1660-73. [PMID: 25000143 PMCID: PMC4175032 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Utilizing oxygen (O2) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enables organisms to generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) with a higher efficiency than glycolysis, but it results in increased reactive oxygen species production from mitochondria, which can result in stem cell dysfunction and senescence. RECENT ADVANCES In the postnatal organism, the hematopoietic system represents a classic example of the role of stem cells in cellular turnover and regeneration. However, in other organs such as the heart, both the degree and source of cellular turnover have been heavily contested. CRITICAL ISSUES Although recent evidence suggests that the major source of the limited cardiomyocyte turnover in the adult heart is cardiomyocyte proliferation, the identity and potential role of undifferentiated cardiac progenitor cells remain controversial. Several types of cardiac progenitor cells have been identified, and several studies have identified an important role of redox and metabolic regulation in survival and differentiation of cardiac progenitor cells. Perhaps a simple way to approach these controversies is to focus on the multipotentiality characteristics of a certain progenitor population, and not necessarily its ability to give rise to all cell types within the heart. In addition, it is important to note that cycling cells in the heart may express markers of differentiation or may be truly undifferentiated, and for the purpose of this review, we will refer to these cycling cells as progenitors. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We propose that hypoxia, redox signaling, and metabolic phenotypes are major regulators of cardiac renewal, and may prove to be important therapeutic targets for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Kimura
- 1 Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas
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