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Xiang Y, Luo T, Chen X, Zhang H, Zeng L. Effect of inspiratory muscle training in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1367710. [PMID: 38562138 PMCID: PMC10982517 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1367710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. Alongside pharmacological interventions, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) emerges as a complementary therapeutic approach for asthma management. However, the extent of its efficacy in pediatric populations remains uncertain when compared to its benefits in adults. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IMT with threshold loading in children with asthma. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training in pediatric asthma patients were identified through June 2023 across various literature databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAL), Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wei Pu Database, Wan Fang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). These trials compared inspiratory muscle training against sham inspiratory muscle training and conventional care. Eligible studies were assessed in terms of risk of bias and quality of evidence. Where feasible, data were pooled and subjected to meta-analysis, with results reported as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Six trials involving 333 patients were included in the analysis. IMT demonstrated significant improvements in maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (MD 25.36, 95% CI 2.47-48.26, P = 0.03), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (MD 14.72, 95% CI 4.21-25.24, P = 0.006), forced vital capacity in percent predicted values [FVC(% pred)] (MD 3.90, 95% CI 1.86-5.93, P = 0.0002), forced expiratory volume in the first second in percent predicted values [FEV1(% pred)] (MD 4.96, 95% CI 2.60-7.32, P < 0.0001), ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (MD 4.94, 95% CI 2.66-7.21, P < 0.0001), and asthma control test (ACT) (MD = 1.86, 95% CI: 0.96-2.75, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Findings from randomized controlled trials indicate that inspiratory muscle training enhances respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in pediatric asthma patients. Systematic Review Registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023449918, identifier: CRD42023449918.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ling Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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2
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Yu H, Zhu G, Qin Q, Wang X, Guo X, Gu W. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy Alleviates Ovalbumin-Induced Chronic Airway Remodeling by Suppressing M2 Macrophage Polarization. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-01977-9. [PMID: 38316671 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-01977-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Chronic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling. Previous studies have shown that mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) exert anti-inflammatory effects on asthma via regulation of the immune cells. However, the therapeutic mechanism of MSCs, especially the mechanism of airway remodeling in chronic asthma, remains to be elucidated. Here, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSCs on airway remodeling in chronic asthma and explored the mechanisms by analyzing the polarization phenotype of macrophages in the lungs. We established a mouse model of chronic asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and evaluated the effect of MSCs on airway remodeling. The data showed that MSCs treatment before the challenge exerted protective effects on OVA-induced chronic asthma, i.e., decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration, Th2 cytokine levels, subepithelial extracellular matrix deposition, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling. Additionally, we found that MSCs treatment markedly suppressed macrophage M2 polarization in lung tissue. At the same time, MSCs treatment inhibited NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, ER stress, and oxidative stress in the OVA-induced chronic allergic airway remodeling mice model. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that MSCs treatment prevents OVA-induced chronic airway remodeling by suppressing macrophage M2 polarization, which may be associated with the dual inhibition of ER stress and oxidative stress. This discovery may provide a new theoretical basis for the future clinical application of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Guiyin Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qiangqiang Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Wen Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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3
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Fan G, Yi M, Qiu X, Zhao J. Factors Involved in Decision-Making Dilemmas Faced by Parents of Children with Severe Asthma in PICU During the Development of Discharge Care Plans: A Phenomenological Study. J Asthma Allergy 2023; 16:1349-1359. [PMID: 38161737 PMCID: PMC10757778 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s438318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to explore the complicated decision-making dilemma and challenges confronted by parents of children suffering from severe asthma within the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) when participating in the development of their children's discharge care plans. Patients and Methods Employing a phenomenological methodology, a purposive sampling was performed to engage with 17 parents who participated in in-depth and semi-structured interviews between October 2022 and February 2023. The transcripts of these interviews were transcribed into textual data, which was then subjected to Colaizzi's seven-step analysis for meticulous coding and comprehensive thematic elucidation. Results The comprehensive analysis of the factors involved in the intricate decision-making dilemmas faced by parents of children with severe asthma during the process of crafting discharge care plans in the PICU revealed five themes and eight sub-themes: 1) Complexity of asthma-related information; 2) Insufficient provision of comprehensive decision-making support; 3) Encountering negative emotions and wavering confidence; 4) Navigating realistic constraints impacting both parents and HCPs; 5) Balancing the advantages and disadvantages of various plans. Conclusion Parents of children with severe asthma in the PICU encounter intricate and multifaceted decision-making dilemmas while engaging in the formulation of discharge care plans. These complexities significantly dampen their decision-making enthusiasm and introduce potential risks to the children's prognosis and recovery. In the future, it is imperative to leverage the guidance provided by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in the decision-making process, develop tailored decision support tools specifically designed for the formulation of discharge care plans for children with severe asthma in the PICU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimei Fan
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mo Yi
- School of Nursing, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Qiu
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinfang Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
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Cheong AT, Lee PY, Shariff-Ghazali S, Salim H, Hussein N, Ramli R, Pinnock H, Liew SM, Hanafi NS, Abu Bakar AI, Mohd Ahad A, Pang YK, Chinna K, Khoo EM. Implementing asthma management guidelines in public primary care clinics in Malaysia. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2021; 31:47. [PMID: 34845205 PMCID: PMC8630037 DOI: 10.1038/s41533-021-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementing asthma guideline recommendations is challenging in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to explore healthcare provider (HCP) perspectives on the provision of recommended care. Twenty-six HCPs from six public primary care clinics in a semi-urban district of Malaysia were purposively sampled based on roles and experience. Focus group discussions were guided by a semi-structured interview guide and analysed thematically. HCPs had access to guidelines and training but highlighted multiple infrastructure-related challenges to implementing recommended care. Diagnosis and review of asthma control were hampered by limited access to spirometry and limited asthma control test (ACT) use, respectively. Treatment decisions were limited by poor availability of inhaled combination therapy (ICS/LABA) and free spacer devices. Imposed Ministry of Health programmes involving other non-communicable diseases were prioritised over asthma. Ministerial policies need practical resources and organisational support if quality improvement programmes are to facilitate better management of asthma in public primary care clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Theng Cheong
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ping Yein Lee
- UM eHealth Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sazlina Shariff-Ghazali
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing™, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hani Salim
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Norita Hussein
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rizawati Ramli
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hilary Pinnock
- NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Respiratory Health (RESPIRE), Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Su May Liew
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Sherina Hanafi
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Azainorsuzila Mohd Ahad
- Klinik Kesihatan Lukut, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Yong Kek Pang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Ee Ming Khoo
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Mocanu M, Vâță D, Alexa AI, Trandafir L, Patrașcu AI, Hâncu MF, Gheucă-Solovăstru L. Atopic Dermatitis-Beyond the Skin. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:1553. [PMID: 34573894 PMCID: PMC8464732 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that can arise during the first months of life or at maturity and have a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The main pathogenic mechanism is the breakdown of cutaneous barrier integrity, which is associated with systemic inflammatory immunologic disorders. Atopic dermatitis involves numerous immunologic, allergic, respiratory, and ophthalmologic comorbidities that develop through similar intricate pathogenic phenomena. The atopic march represents the evolution in time of various allergic diseases, of which food allergies often cause the first manifestations of atopy, even from a very young age. Chronic inflammation translated through specific markers, next to increased immunoglobulin E (IgE) serum levels and heterogenous clinical manifestations, argue for the inclusion of atopic dermatitis in the systemic disease category.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mădălina Mocanu
- Department of Oral Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Vâță
- Department of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Anisia-Iuliana Alexa
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine-Pediatrics, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Adriana-Ionela Patrașcu
- Dermatology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Mădălina Florina Hâncu
- Dermatology Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700111 Iași, Romania; (A.-I.P.); (M.F.H.)
| | - Laura Gheucă-Solovăstru
- Department of Dermatology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Demet Akbaş E, Razi CH, Andıran N. Effects of using montelukast during acute wheezing attack in hospitalized preschool children on the discharge rate and the clinical asthma score. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1931-1937. [PMID: 33844890 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In chronic asthma treatment, leukotriene receptor antagonists have been recommended, but it is not clear whether montelukast can be used in acute recurrent wheezing attacks in children. OBJECTIVE To investigate the safety and effectiveness of oral montelukast in addition to standard treatment in hospitalized children aged between 6 and 72 months with acute recurrent wheezing attacks. METHOD One hundred patients aged between 6 and 72 months who had wheezing attacks with clinical asthma scores (CAS) ≥3 and were hospitalized were included in this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. All the patients included in the study were given 0.15 mg/kg (maximum 5 mg) nebulized salbutamol (8 L/min and with 100% O2 ) with 4 h of intervals, 1 mg/kg prednisolone (maximum 5 days), nebulized ipratropium bromide (total eight doses) with 6 h of intervals. In addition to this treatment, one group received 4 mg montelukast, and the other group received a placebo. The CAS of the patients were evaluated with 4-h intervals. RESULTS Total hospital length of stay (LOS) was not different between the montelukast and placebo groups (p = 0.981). There was no statistically significant difference between the two treatment groups in terms of discharge time, CAS, and oxygen saturation (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSION Adding montelukast to standard treatment in patients hospitalized for moderate-to-severe wheezing attacks did not affect hospital LOS and CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Demet Akbaş
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dörtçelik Children's Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cem H Razi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesibe Andıran
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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7
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Zhang W, Wang Q, Liu L, Yang W, Liu H. Effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1343-1351. [PMID: 32244247 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0874-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. In addition to medications, physical therapy is considered as a treatment strategy for asthma. We conducted this study to investigate the effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma. METHODS Three databases were searched. We conducted the meta-analysis for the forced expiratory volume in the first second in percent predicted values [FEV1(%pred)], the forced vital capacity in percent predicted values [FVC(%pred)], and the peak expiratory flow in percent predicted values [PEF(%pred)] by using a random effect model. RESULTS Of the 6474 identified studies, 18 studies (16 in physical training, 2 in breathing exercise or inspiratory muscle training) were included in the systematic review and 11 studies (all in physical training) were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed a significantly improved FVC(%pred) in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS Physical training improved FVC(%pred) significantly in children with asthma. Further study is needed, especially on the effects of breathing exercise and inspiratory muscle training in children with asthma. IMPACT Our study reviewed the physical therapies for children with asthma and clarified whether and how these therapies affect them. Our study found that physical training improved the forced vital capacity in percent predicted values [FVC(%pred)] significantly in asthmatic children. Our study provided evidence that physical training could improve lung function in children with asthma, which is not identical to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, 618000, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Eraso I, Sangiovanni S, Morales EI, Fernández-Trujillo L. Aspirin desensitization in NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease and its outcomes in the clinical course of asthma: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247871. [PMID: 33770090 PMCID: PMC7996991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD) might benefit from aspirin desensitization (AD) as an alternative treatment to standard care. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding its role in bronchial symptoms and asthma exacerbations. Objective To analyze the clinical effects of AD in terms of lung function, systemic and inhaled steroid use, the frequency of acute asthma exacerbations, and adverse effects in patients with NERD and asthma. Methodology We identified randomized clinical trials (RCTs) from PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and EBSCO. We also searched the RCT references for additional studies. Studies comparing AD to placebo in patients with a previous history of pulmonary symptoms triggered by ASA or other NSAIDs or with a positive provocation test to ASA were included. Primary results Five studies with 210 participants with NERD were included in this review. The study duration ranged from 3 to 6 months. Overall, the risk of bias across the included RCTs was low. We identified 3 studies evaluating lung function, 2 of which reported a significant improvement in FEV1 in the AD group after 6 months, while the other reported no difference among the treatments. Due to high heterogeneity, we did not pool the results. The remaining primary outcomes were reported only in a single study each, hindering their interpretation. Secondary outcomes revealed reduced symptom and medication scores in patients with AD. Conclusions Due to the small number of studies included in this systematic review, conclusions should be made with caution. AD shows a trend towards improving lung function (FEV1) following 6 months of treatment, although no conclusions can be made regarding the use of corticosteroids or the frequency of acute exacerbations. AD appears to reduce both symptom and medication scores. Additional RCTs are needed to fully assess the efficacy of AD in reducing bronchial symptoms in patients with NERD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Eraso
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Eliana I. Morales
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
| | - Liliana Fernández-Trujillo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonology Service, Interventional Pulmonology, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia
- * E-mail: ,
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9
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Monteverde-Fernandez N, Diaz-Rubio F, Vásquez-Hoyos P, Rotta AT, González-Dambrauskas S. Variability in care for children with severe acute asthma in Latin America. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:384-391. [PMID: 33333632 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Care variability for children with severe acute asthma has been well documented in high-income countries, yet data from low- and middle-income regions are lacking. We sought to characterize the magnitude of practice variability in the care of Latin American children to identify opportunities for standardization of care. METHODS A cross-sectional study performed through a retrospective analysis of contemporaneously collected data of children with severe acute asthma admitted to a center contributing to the LARed Network registry between May 2017 and May 2019. Centers were grouped by geographic location: Atlantic (AT), South Pacific (SP), and North Central (NC). RESULTS Among 434 children, most received care in hospitals in the AT group (54% [235/434]), followed by the NC (23% [101/434]) and SP (23% [98/434]) groups. The majority of children in the AT (92% [215/235]) and SP (91% [89/98]) groups received nebulized salbutamol/albuterol, while metered-dose inhalers were preferred in the NC group (72% [73/101]). There was a wide variation in the use of antibiotics: AT (57% [135/235]), SP (48% [47/98]), and NC (14% [14/101]). The same was true for ipratropium bromide: AT (67% [157/235]), SP (90% [88/98]), and NC (17% [17/101]), and aminophylline: AT (57% [135/235]), NC (5% [5/101]), and SP (0% [0/98]). High-flow nasal cannula was the preferred respiratory support modality in the AT (60% [141/235]) and NC (40% [40/101]) groups, while bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) use was more common in the SP group (80% [78/98]). CONCLUSION We identified significant variability in care for severe acute asthma. Our findings will help to inform the design of future studies, quality improvement initiatives, and development of practice guidelines within Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Monteverde-Fernandez
- Departamento de Cuidado Critico Pediatrico, Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Pediatria, Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos y Neonatales (CINP), Medica Uruguaya, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Franco Diaz-Rubio
- Departamento de Cuidado Critico Pediatrico, Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Pediatria, Hospital El Carmen de Maipú, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Pediatria, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Vásquez-Hoyos
- Departamento de Cuidado Critico Pediatrico, Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Pediatría, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Departamento de Pediatria, Unidad de Cuidado intensivo Pediátrico, Hospital de San José, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Alexandre T Rotta
- Departamento de Pediatria, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sebastián González-Dambrauskas
- Departamento de Cuidado Critico Pediatrico, Red Colaborativa Pediátrica de Latinoamérica (LARed Network), Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Pediatria, Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos Especializados (CIPe), Casa de Galicia, Montevideo, Uruguay
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10
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Salazar R, Hallo A, Vasquez S, Reinthaller S, Echeverria J. Decreased Mortality in Patients With Severe Bronchospasm Associated With SARS-CoV-2: An Alternative to Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Cureus 2020; 12:e10822. [PMID: 33173630 PMCID: PMC7645293 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.10822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of patients with acute episodes of severe bronchospasm needing intubation and ventilatory support has increased rapidly during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although medical consensus upholds the use of ventilatory support in this pathology, its survival benefits remain unclear. To improve the outcomes and survival rates, a bundle of early respiratory therapy with a pharmacological rescue regimen was provided to four patients with bronchospasm secondary to COVID-19. This therapeutic approach successfully delayed the need for invasive mechanical ventilation for 48 hours and decreased the mortality rate in all cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Salazar
- Emergency Department, Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito, ECU
| | - Alejandro Hallo
- Internal Medicine, Hospital de Especialidad Eugenio Espejo, Quito, ECU
| | | | | | - Juan Echeverria
- Emergency Department, Hospital Pablo Arturo Suárez, Quito, ECU
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11
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Babineau-Therrien J, Boulet LP, Gagné M. Self-management support provided by trained asthma educators result in improved quality of life and asthma control compared to usual care: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2020; 103:1498-1506. [PMID: 32192783 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2020.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to describe training activities on self-management support (SMS) for asthma educators and the effects of SMS provided by trained educators on asthma patient outcomes. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of six medical databases and sought for trials assessing SMS provided for adults with asthma by trained educators. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data on asthma educators' training activities and patient outcomes. We performed meta-analyses for asthma-related quality of life (QoL) and asthma control. RESULTS We screened 3217 records and included 16 trials. Learning activities and assessments were reported in 8/16 and 4/16 trials, respectively. Compared to usual care, trained asthma educators provided SMS that resulted in clinically important improvements in QoL (pooled mean difference [MD] = 0.52; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.19 to 0.83) and asthma control (pooled MD= -0.68; 95%CI: -0.99 to -0.38). CONCLUSION Although asthma-specific SMS provided by trained educators had a beneficial effect over the current care, our results highlight the need to better describe training activities for asthma educators. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS This systematic review provides key elements of efficient training activities for asthma educators and reaffirms the importance of training educators to provide SMS in order to improve asthma patients' QoL and asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Babineau-Therrien
- Knowledge Translation, Education, and Prevention Chair in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Research Center, Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Boulet
- Knowledge Translation, Education, and Prevention Chair in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Research Center, Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Myriam Gagné
- Knowledge Translation, Education, and Prevention Chair in Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health, Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; Research Center, Québec Heart and Lung Institute-Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, affiliated with the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nam YK, Jin SC, Kim MH, Choi LY, Lee YB, Yang WM. Banhahubak-Tang Tablet, a Standardized Medicine Attenuates Allergic Asthma via Inhibition of Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1)/ Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6) Signal Pathway. Molecules 2020; 25:E2206. [PMID: 32397290 PMCID: PMC7248972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) has been known to be one of the risk factors to cause allergic asthma, leading to development of respiratory disease. Banhahubak-tang tablet (BHT), a standardized Korean Medicine, is prescribed for neurasthenia, laryngopharyngitis and asthma. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of BHT on airway inflammation in ovalbumin (OVA) and PM smaller than 10 μm (PM10)-induced allergic asthma mice. To establish allergic asthma with airway hyper-responsiveness by PM10, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA and PM10, and orally administered BHT. Histological staining was performed to assess airway remodeling. Serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measuring immunoglobulin levels and counting inflammatory cells, respectively. Expression levels of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6), pro-inflammatory cytokines and type 2 T-helper (Th2)-related cytokines were analyzed in vivo and in vitro models. Histopathological analysis demonstrated that BHT suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and collagen deposition in the airway. BHT administration effectively decreased number of inflammatory cells in BALF. BHT reduced total serum Immunoglobulin E (IgE) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels. In addition, BHT significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of JAK1 and STAT6 expressions. Release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th2-related cytokines were down-regulated by BHT. In conclusion, BHT mitigated airway inflammation by down-regulating pro-inflammatory and Th2-related cytokines via JAK1/STAT6 signaling. BHT might be a promising herbal medicine for preventing airway inflammation. Moreover, an intervention study among humans is needed to further evaluate the possible beneficial effects of BHT in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Kyung Nam
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Seong Chul Jin
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Mi Hye Kim
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - La Yoon Choi
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
| | - Yong-Bok Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea;
| | - Woong Mo Yang
- Department of Convergence Korean Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.K.N.); (S.C.J.); (M.H.K.); (L.Y.C.)
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13
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Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease on Mucosal Immunity and Atopic Disorders. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 57:213-225. [PMID: 30206783 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Atopic disorders and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are some of the most common medical conditions treated by primary care physicians and specialists alike. The observation that atopic disorders, like asthma, allergic rhinitis and sinusitis, food allergies, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis are common comorbidities in patients with GERD raises the question of the nature of the relationship that may exist between GERD and atopic disorders. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of GERD, its effect on the immune system, the effect of acid-blocking medications on allergic responses, as well as several common atopic conditions that have been associated with GERD including asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), allergic rhinitis (AR), atopic dermatitis (AD), contact dermatitis (CD), food allergies, proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-responsive esophageal eosinophilia (PPI-REE), and eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In each condition, the evidence of a causal link is not definitive. Although the relationship between asthma and GERD remains controversial, evidence suggests that a subset of asthma patients with documented GERD may experience improved asthma control following appropriate treatment of GERD. The relationship of GERD to allergic rhinitis and chronic sinusitis is weak; however, studies support the concept that treatment of frequent episodes of GERD can have a positive effect on rhinitis and sinusitis overall. The relationship between allergic sensitization and GERD is likely bidirectional. GERD may induce changes in the mucosal immune system that may favor the development of food allergy and allergic sensitization to aeroallergens; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been established.
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14
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Lin CC, Wang YY, Chen SM, Liu YT, Li JQ, Li F, Dai JC, Zhang T, Qiu F, Liu H, Dai Z, Zhang ZD. Shegan-Mahuang Decoction ameliorates asthmatic airway hyperresponsiveness by downregulating Th2/Th17 cells but upregulating CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 253:112656. [PMID: 32035217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shegan-Mahuang Decoction (SMD), also named Yakammaoto or Shegan-Mahuang Tang, is a classic formula of traditional Chinese medicine with nine herbs, including Asarum sieboldii Miq., Aster tataricus L.f., Ephedra sinica Stapf, Belamcanda chinensis (L.) Redouté, Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit., Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Tussilago farfara L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. SMD was originally discovered by Zhang Zhongjing in Eastern Han dynasty. It has been widely used as traditional medicine to treat flu-like symptoms in China and Japan for around twenty centuries. It was also utilized for the treatment of the early stage of acute asthma. However, the immune mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was set to investigate the effects of SMD on asthmatic airway hyperresponsiveness and its impacts on adaptive immunity in a mouse model of asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS The HPLC fingerprint profile of the water extract of SMD recorded 22 peaks, including those equivalent to guanosine, chlorogenic acid, tectoridin, 6-gingerol and wuweizisu B, as described previously (Yen et al., 2014). Airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed by measuring the airway resistance. Cellular infiltration was measured via H&E staining and immunochemistry while gene expression was analyzed using real-time RT-PCR. Treg frequency was determined through flow analysis whereas cytokine production in the supernatant was evaluated using ELISA. Finally, mTOR and NF-kB signalings were analyzed via Western blotting. RESULTS We found that SMD largely corrected the imbalance of Th cell subsets in asthmatic mice with a significant inhibition of Th2 and Th17 cytokine production, thereby reducing asthmatic airway hyperresponsiveness. Moreover, lung function tests showed that SMD reduced airway hyperresponsiveness while immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated that SMD attenuated pulmonary infiltration of CD3+ and CD4+ T cells. Further, we observed a significant increase in the proportion of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in SMD-treated asthmatic mice. We also found that SMD downregulated gene expression of GATA3 and ROR-γt in murine lung tissue. In addition, both mTOR- and NF-kB-related protein expressions were reduced in the lung tissue of SMD-treated mice. SMD inhibited Th2/Th17 cytokine production by CD4+ T cells and also their mTOR activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that SMD attenuates asthmatic airway hyperresponsiveness by hindering Th2/Th17 differentiation, promoting CD4+FoxP3+ Treg generation and suppressing mTOR and NF-kB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Chuang Lin
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Si-Min Chen
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Yun-Tao Liu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Li
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Fang Li
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Jie-Chen Dai
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
| | - Zhong-De Zhang
- Section of Immunology & Joint Immunology Program, The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China.
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15
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Guan Z, Sun L, Xiao Q, Wang Y. Constructing an assessment framework for the quality of asthma smartphone applications. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2019; 19:192. [PMID: 31615493 PMCID: PMC6794797 DOI: 10.1186/s12911-019-0923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhancing the self-management capability of asthma patients can improve their level of asthma control. Although the use of mobile health technology among asthmatics to facilitate self-management has become a growing area of research, studies of mobile health applications (apps), especially for evaluating indicators of asthma apps, are deficient in scope. This study aimed to develop a reliable framework to assess asthma apps (i.e., content and behavior change strategies) using the Delphi survey technique. METHODS An initial list of quality rating criteria for asthma apps was derived from reviewing the literature and experts in the fields of respiratory disease and nursing informatics rated the items on the list in three rounds. The weights of items were determined employing an analytic hierarchy process (AHP). RESULTS Sixty-two items were retained within 10 domains. Consensus was reached on 32 items concerning asthma self-management education, 25 items concerning behavioral change strategies, and five items concerning principles for app design. There was moderate agreement among participants across all items in round three. The weights of the dimensions, sub-dimensions, and items ranged from 0.049 to 0.203, 0.138 to 1.000, and 0.064 to 1.000, respectively. All random consistency ratio values were less than 0.1. CONCLUSIONS Asthma self-management education and strategies are essential parts to support self-management for patients. This analysis provides evidence of evaluating criteria for apps targeting chronic and common diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Guan
- Capital Medical University, School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Sun
- Capital Medical University, School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Capital Medical University, School of Nursing, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Wang
- Capital Medical University, School of Nursing, Beijing, China.
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16
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Ghisa M, Della Coletta M, Barbuscio I, Marabotto E, Barberio B, Frazzoni M, De Bortoli N, Zentilin P, Tolone S, Ottonello A, Lorenzon G, Savarino V, Savarino E. Updates in the field of non-esophageal gastroesophageal reflux disorder. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:827-838. [PMID: 31322443 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1645593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most prevalent conditions in Western Countries, normally presenting with heartburn and regurgitation. Extra-esophageal (EE) GERD manifestations, such as asthma, laryngitis, chronic cough and dental erosion, represent the most challenging aspects from diagnostic and therapeutic points of view because of their multifactorial pathogenesis and low response to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). In fact, in the case of EE, other causes must by preventively excluded, but instrumental methods, such as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and laryngoscopy, have low specificity and sensitivity as diagnostic tools. In the absence of alarm signs and symptoms, empirical therapy with a double-dose of PPIs is recommended as a first diagnostic approach. Subsequently, impedance-pH monitoring could help to define whether the symptoms are GERD-related. Areas covered: This article reviews the current literature regarding established and proposed EE-GERD, reporting on all available options for its correct diagnosis and therapeutic management. Expert opinion: MII-pH could help to identify a hidden GERD that causes EE. Unfortunately, standard MII-pH analysis results are often unable to define this association. New parameters such as the mean nocturnal baseline impedance and post-reflux swallow-induced peristaltic wave index may have an improved diagnostic yield, but prospective studies using impedance-pH are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ghisa
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Marco Della Coletta
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Ilenia Barbuscio
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | | | - Nicola De Bortoli
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Patrizia Zentilin
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Salvatore Tolone
- Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Caserta , Italy
| | - Andrea Ottonello
- Department of Surgical Science and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua , Padua , Italy
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Machluf Y, Farkash R, Rotkopf R, Fink D, Chaiter Y. Asthma phenotypes and associated comorbidities in a large cohort of adolescents in Israel. J Asthma 2019; 57:722-735. [PMID: 31017024 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1604743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Asthma is a multifactorial, heterogeneous, complex and common chronic respiratory disease driven by diverse mechanisms. Although asthma presents various clinical forms with different levels of severity, it is unclear whether asthma severities are a consequence of disease management or varied etiologies. We sought to investigate this question.Methods: This article presents a cross-sectional study of 113,671 Israeli adolescents. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were performed to analyze the independent associations between mild asthma and moderate-to-severe asthma phenotypes and coexistent medical conditions within each gender separately. Hierarchical clustering of the odds ratios of the diverse statistically significant medical conditions associated with asthma severity-gender groups was also performed. We focused on the allergic and neurological-cognitive-mental disorders.Results: Among males, two associations were common to both asthma groups (atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis), five unique to mild asthma (urticaria/angioedema, Hymenoptera/bee allergies, allergic conjunctivitis, epilepsy and migraine) and two unique to moderate-to-severe asthma (learning disabilities and ADD/ADHD (Attention-deficit disorder/Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder)). Among females, two associations were common to both clinical asthma groups (allergic rhinitis and urticaria/angioedema), and five unique to moderate-to-severe asthma (atopic dermatitis, learning disabilities, ADD/ADHD, anxiety/mood disorders and migraine). Allergic rhinitis was the only condition to be associated with all four groups. Learning disabilities and ADD/ADHD were only associated with moderate-to-severe asthma (but not with mild asthma), in both males and females. Hierarchical clustering analysis uncovered two prominent clusters, separating mild from moderate-to-severe asthma.Conclusions: The differences between mild and moderate-to-severe asthma enhance asthma phenotype characterization, with respect to comorbidities, and indicate varied etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossy Machluf
- Medical Corps, IDF, Israel.,Shamir Research Institute, University of Haifa, Kazerin, Israel
| | | | - Ron Rotkopf
- Department of Life Sciences Core Facilities, Faculty of Biochemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Daniel Fink
- Shaarei Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Wang Q, Zhang W, Liu L, Yang W, Liu H. Effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma: Study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15226. [PMID: 30985726 PMCID: PMC6485752 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbidity of asthma in children is increasing, which is significantly affecting children's life quality. Despite the medication therapy, physical therapies, including breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training and physical training, are widely used to improve children's condition. However, the effectiveness of physical therapy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis is aiming to evaluate the effects of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma and to assess which physical therapy is more effective. METHODS Three main databases (PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) will be searched from inception to November 30, 2018 for randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of physical therapy on lung function in children (age < 18 years old) with asthma published in English. In addition, a manual search of the references of relevant published studies in English will also be considered.Two independent reviewers will conduct studies selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Outcome measures will be the Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), the Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), and the Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Subgroup analyses will be performed according to the physical therapy (breathing exercises, inspiratory muscle training, and physical training) and the outcome (PEF, FEV1, FVC). RESULTS The results will provide useful information about the effect of physical therapy on lung function in children with asthma and demonstrate which physical therapy is more effective. CONCLUSION The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019121627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Weijian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Lilong Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, People's Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
| | - Hanmin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu
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Guo Z, Lou Y, Kong M, Luo Q, Liu Z, Wu J. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1463. [PMID: 30909474 PMCID: PMC6470777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Yanmei Lou
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Muyan Kong
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Qing Luo
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Zhongqiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau (SAR) 999078, China.
| | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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20
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Belhassen M, Nolin M, Nibber A, Ginoux M, Devouassoux G, Van Ganse E. Changes in Persistent Asthma Care and Outcomes From 2006 to 2016 in France. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE 2019; 7:1858-1867. [PMID: 30836232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changes in asthma care need to be documented at arrival of biotherapies. OBJECTIVES To characterize changes in asthma care and outcomes in patients with persistent asthma. METHODS Repeated transversal analyses were conducted on a historical cohort using the French national claims data over 10 years. Patients aged 18 to 40 years with either 1 or more (any-use population) or 4 or more (high-use population) yearly dispensings of controller therapy were selected. Clinical and demographic features were characterized, and comparisons were made between 2006 and 2016 to assess temporal changes in asthma therapy, health care resource utilization, and outcomes. RESULTS In 2016, prevalent use of controller therapy was 5.2% (any-use population) and 0.8% (high-use population) of the population aged 18 to 40 years. In the any-use population, the use of long-acting β2-agonists in monotherapy, and inhaled corticosteroids decreased (1.7% and 40.3% in 2016, respectively), whereas the use of fixed-dose combinations increased (56.4%). In both populations, visits to respiratory or hospital physicians and pulmonary function testing increased with time, in parallel to a decreasing number of general practitioner visits; in addition, oral corticosteroid use and incidence of emergency room visits increased. However, asthma hospitalizations and mortality remained low in both populations. CONCLUSIONS Changes in persistent asthma care included replacement of inhaled corticosteroids by fixed-dose combinations, decreased use of long-acting β2-agonists as a monotherapy, and increased involvement of secondary care physicians. In parallel, despite low figures for hospital admissions and mortality, overall use of oral corticosteroids and incidence of emergency room visits have increased over the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maëva Nolin
- PELyon, PharmacoEpidemiology Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anjan Nibber
- University of Oxford Medical School, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gilles Devouassoux
- Respiratory Medicine, Croix Rousse University Hospital, and EA7426 University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France
| | - Eric Van Ganse
- PELyon, PharmacoEpidemiology Lyon, Lyon, France; Respiratory Medicine, Croix Rousse University Hospital, and EA7426 University Claude Bernard Lyon-1, Lyon, France; HESPER 7425, Health Services and Performance Research, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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21
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Lee CC, Holder-Niles FF, Haynes L, Chan Yuen J, Rea CJ, Conroy K, Cox JE, Bottino CJ. Associations Between Patient-Reported Outcome Measures of Asthma Control and Psychosocial Symptoms. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2019; 58:307-312. [PMID: 30461298 DOI: 10.1177/0009922818812479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is growing emphasis on using patient-reported outcome measures to enhance clinical practice. This study was a retrospective review of scores on the Childhood Asthma Control Test (C-ACT) and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 (PSC-17) at a pediatric primary care center in Boston, Massachusetts. A total of 218 patients were selected at random using billing codes for well-child (WC) care and asthma, excluding complex medical conditions. Cutoff scores were used to identify uncontrolled asthma (C-ACT ⩽19) and clinically significant psychosocial symptoms (+PSC-17). Multiple logistic regression was used to measure associations between C-ACT ⩽19 and +PSC-17, adjusting for covariates. In multivariable analysis, C-ACT ⩽19 at WC visits was associated with +PSC-17 at WC visits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.2 [95% confidence interval = 1.3-8.6]). C-ACT ⩽19 at non-WC visits was also associated with +PSC-17 at WC visits (adjusted odds ratio = 3.1 [95% confidence interval = 1.2-8.9]). Patient-reported outcome measures of asthma control and psychosocial symptoms were positively correlated in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangWon C Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard College, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Faye F Holder-Niles
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Corinna J Rea
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen Conroy
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne E Cox
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clement J Bottino
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Luo J, Zhang L, Zhang X, Long Y, Zou F, Yan C, Zou W. Protective effects and active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation and remodeling in mice with ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:168-177. [PMID: 30599896 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), a traditional Chinese medicine, has demonstrated antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, its effects against asthma that shows chronic inflammation and oxidative damage remain unknown. PURPOSE To assess the effects of S. miltiorrhiza extracts on airway responsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic mice. METHODS Mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma were treated with S. miltiorrhiza extracts, and airway resistance (RL) to methacholine, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels, and airway remodeling were assessed. TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B and MRC-5 cells were used to evaluate the effects of five S. miltiorrhiza compounds on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis. RESULTS OVA-challenge resulted in remarkably increased RL, inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine levels in BALF, goblet cell hyperplasia, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Daily treatment with S. miltiorrhiza ethanolic (EE, 246 mg/kg) or water (WE, 156 mg/kg) extract significantly reduced OVA-induced airway inflammatory cell infiltration, Th1/Th2 cytokine amounts, and goblet cells hyperplasia. However, only WE remarkably decreased RL, collagen deposition, and airway wall thickening. Moreover, Chromatography showed that salvianic acid A and caffeic acid levels were much higher in WE than EE, while rosmarinic acid was slightly lower; salvianolic acid B and tanshinone IIA levels were much higher in EE than WE. Interestingly, caffeic acid and rosmarinic acid were more potent in reducing E-cadherin and vimentin levels in TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cells, and α-SMA and COL1A1 amounts in TGF-β1-induced MRC-5 cells. CONCLUSIONS Both S. miltiorrhiza WE and EE alleviate airway inflammation in mice with OVA-sensitized allergic asthma. S. miltiorrhiza WE is more potent in reducing responsiveness and airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Long
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Zou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunsong Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1 Minde Avenue, Donghu Dist., Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China..
| | - Wei Zou
- Hunan Provincal Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No.53 Xiangchun Road, Changsha 410008, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Goodwin RD. Toward Improving Our Understanding of the Link between Mental Health, Lung Function, and Asthma Diagnosis. The Challenge of Asthma Measurement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2017; 194:1313-1315. [PMID: 27905847 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201610-2016ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renee D Goodwin
- 1 Department of Psychology City University of New York Queens, New York and.,2 Department of Epidemiology Columbia University New York, New York
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24
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Bakel LA, Hamid J, Ewusie J, Liu K, Mussa J, Straus S, Parkin P, Cohen E. International Variation in Asthma and Bronchiolitis Guidelines. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-0092. [PMID: 29070533 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Guideline recommendations for the same clinical condition may vary. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of agreement among comparable asthma and bronchiolitis treatment recommendations from guidelines. METHODS National and international guidelines were searched by using guideline databases (eg, National Guidelines Clearinghouse: December 16-17, 2014, and January 9, 2015). Guideline recommendations were categorized as (1) recommend, (2) optionally recommend, (3) abstain from recommending, (4) recommend against a treatment, and (5) not addressed by the guideline. The degree of agreement between recommendations was evaluated by using an unweighted and weighted κ score. Pairwise comparisons of the guidelines were evaluated similarly. RESULTS There were 7 guidelines for asthma and 4 guidelines for bronchiolitis. For asthma, there were 166 recommendation topics, with 69 recommendation topics given in ≥2 guidelines. For bronchiolitis, there were 46 recommendation topics, with 21 recommendation topics provided in ≥2 guidelines. The overall κ for asthma was 0.03, both unweighted (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.01 to 0.07) and weighted (95% CI: -0.01 to 0.10); for bronchiolitis, it was 0.32 unweighted (95% CI: 0.16 to 0.52) and 0.15 weighted (95% CI: -0.01 to 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Less agreement was found in national and international guidelines for asthma than for bronchiolitis. Additional studies are needed to determine if differences are based on patient preferences and values and economic considerations or if other recommendation-level, guideline-level, and condition-level factors are driving these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Anne Bakel
- Section of Pediatric Hospital Medicine and the Clinical Effectiveness Team, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Jemila Hamid
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Kai Liu
- Mathematics and Statistics, and
| | - Joseph Mussa
- Biochemistry, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sharon Straus
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia Parkin
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Eyal Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Medicine and the Pediatric Outcomes Research Team, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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25
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Wilkinson TM. Are inhaled corticosteroids increasing the “load” for some patients with COPD? Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/4/1701848. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01848-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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26
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Gras D, Petit A, Charriot J, Knabe L, Alagha K, Gamez AS, Garulli C, Bourdin A, Chanez P, Molinari N, Vachier I. Epithelial ciliated beating cells essential for ex vivo ALI culture growth. BMC Pulm Med 2017; 17:80. [PMID: 28468615 PMCID: PMC5415749 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchial epithelium plays a key role in orchestrating innate and adaptive immunity. The fate of ex vivo airway epithelial cultures growing at the air liquid interface (ALI) derived from human endobronchial biopsies or brushings is not easy to predict. Calibrating and differentiating these cells is a long and expensive process requiring rigorous expertise. Pinpointing factors associated with ALI culture success would help researchers gain further insight into epithelial progenitor behavior. Methods A successful ALI culture was defined as one in which a pseudostratified epithelium has formed after 28 days in the presence of all differentiated epithelial cell types. A 4-year prospective bi-center study was conducted with adult subjects enrolled in different approved research protocols. Results 463 consecutive endobronchial biopsies were obtained from normal healthy volunteers, healthy smokers, asthmatic patients and smokers with COPD. All demographic variables, the different fiber optic centers and culture operators, numbers of endo-bronchial biopsies and the presence of ciliated cells were carefully recorded. Univariate and multivariate models were developed. A stepwise procedure was used to select the final logistic regression model. ALI culture success was independently associated with the presence of living ciliated cells within the initial biopsy (OR = 2.18 [1.50–3.16], p < 0.001). Conclusion This finding highlights the properties of the cells derived from the epithelium dedifferentiation process. The preferential selection of samples with ciliated beating cells would probably save time and money. It is still unknown whether successful ALI culture is related to indicators of general cell viability or a purported stem cell state specifically associated with ciliated beating cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0423-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Gras
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Petit
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jérémy Charriot
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Knabe
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Khuder Alagha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Sophie Gamez
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Garulli
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,U1046 INSERM, UMR9214 CNRS, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Chanez
- UMR INSERM U1067 CNRS 7333, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- Institut Montpelliérain Alexander Grothendieck, CNRS, UM, Montpellier, France.,Department of Statistics, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Vachier
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,CHU Montpellier, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, 371 Av Doyen G Giraud, 34295, Montpellier Cx 5, France.
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27
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Asthma Was Talking, But We Weren't Listening. Missed or Ignored Signals That Have Slowed Treatment Progress. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2017; 13 Suppl 1:S78-82. [PMID: 27027957 DOI: 10.1513/annalsats.201508-515mg] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that eosinophilia and steroid responsiveness are dominant signals in patients with asthma led to the conclusion that inflammation characterized by up-regulation of the type 2 cytokines that mediate eosinophilia (IL -4, -5, and -13) (type 2 inflammation) is central to asthma pathogenesis in all patients and resulted in a singular emphasis on animal models of type 2 inflammation to unravel disease mechanisms. This in turn led to great progress in identifying drug targets and in developing inhibitors of type 2 inflammation. Despite this significant and clinically important progress, there has been a growing body of evidence that airway type 2 inflammation is not a ubiquitous pathologic feature of asthma and a growing acceptance that the type 2-centric asthma paradigm has held back understanding of mechanisms of disease in patients who do not have type 2 inflammation (helper T-cell type 2 [Th2]-low asthma). This "tyranny of the dominant paradigm" effect means that asthma clinicians have no effective controller treatments to offer their many patients with Th2-low asthma. It also means that asthma researchers are struggling to understand the mechanisms of disease that operate in Th2-low asthma and how these mechanisms might be modeled in vitro and in vivo to identify novel drug targets and provide a broader range of asthma treatments.
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28
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Traditional Chinese medicine ZHENG identification of bronchial asthma: Clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases. Complement Ther Med 2016; 30:93-101. [PMID: 28137533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to employ more comprehensive approaches to analyze the primary and secondary symptoms of clinical common TCM ZHENG of bronchial asthma according to the clinical investigation of 2500 adult cases. METTHODS Patients met the inclusion criteria were surveyed by associate chief physician or chief physician through the TCM Clinical investigation questionnaire containing general demographic information, signs and symptoms, tongue and pulse conditions. Firstly, absolute frequency, cumulative frequency, Chi-squared test were adopted to reflect the clinical common ZHENG in three asthma stages, then the logistic regression analyses, the frequency methods were combined to distinguish the primary and secondary symptoms of the common ZHENG. RESULTS Of the 2500 questionnaires, 2428 valid questionnaires were got, with the number in acute exacerbation stage was 1273, and that 586 in chronic persistent stage, and 569 in clinical remission stage, in which the number of excess syndromes, the deficiency-excess complex syndromes and deficiency syndromes corresponding to the above three stage respectively accounted on 55.7%, 69.97%, and 76.50%. According to the distribution of each ZHENG, ten clinical common ZHENG were distinguished by criteria of the frequency percent value at least 10.0% and cumulative percent value reach to 70% or above. Then based on the OR and frequency value of each symptom, the primary symptoms were tentative identified by OR value≧3 with percent value≧50%, and that of the secondary symptoms were OR value between 1 and 3 with percent value between 25% and 50%. CONCLUSIONS Ten common ZHENG of asthma with each primary and secondary symptoms in three stages are identified through the clinical investigation: Exterior cold with interior fluid retention, Phlegm-turbidity obstructing the lung, Phlegm-heat obstructing the lung, Wind-phlegm obstructing the lung, Blood stasis, Qi deficiency of the lung, Qi deficiency of the lung and spleen, Qi deficiency of the lung and kidney, Qi and Yin deficiency of the lung and kidney, Yang deficiency of the lung and kidney.
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29
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Bieber T, Vieths S, Broich K. New opportunities and challenges in the assessment of drugs for atopic diseases. Allergy 2016; 71:1662-1665. [PMID: 27716946 DOI: 10.1111/all.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atopic conditions (atopic dermatitis, rhinitis, and asthma) belong to the most common noncommunicable diseases and are driven by chronic inflammatory reactions. They have a strong impact on the quality of life and represent a substantial and growing socio-economic burden. Interestingly, there is an increasing interest in the development of new therapeutic options with a number of biologics and small molecules targeting potential key mechanisms in atopic conditions. However, besides the safety issue, most of the new active substances are still evaluated according to the traditional efficacy paradigm focusing on the success in treating exacerbations and flares. Instead, the future approaches in drug development and assessment should rather concentrate on the long-term control of these diseases and consider their potential as disease-modifying strategies in the era of precision medicine. To reach this goal, a number of unsolved issues have to be addressed and consensually accepted by the stakeholders in this field. Thus, a successful and rapid development of new treatments requests a paradigm shift and a new way of thinking in the mind of physicians, pharmaceutical industry, regulators, and HTAs. This seems mandatory in order to optimize drug development and to facilitate the accessibility of new therapies to the growing population of patients suffering from atopic conditions on a global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy; Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education; University Medical Center; Bonn Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine; Medical Faculty; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
| | - S. Vieths
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institute; Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines; Langen Germany
| | - K. Broich
- Center for Translational Medicine; Medical Faculty; University of Bonn; Bonn Germany
- Federal Institute of Drug and Medical Devices (BfArM); Bonn Germany
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30
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Abstract
The term asthma encompasses a disease spectrum with mild to very severe disease phenotypes whose traditional common characteristic is reversible airflow limitation. Unlike milder disease, severe asthma is poorly controlled by the current standard of care. Ongoing studies using advanced molecular and immunological tools along with improved clinical classification show that severe asthma does not identify a specific patient phenotype, but rather includes patients with constant medical needs, whose pathobiologic and clinical characteristics vary widely. Accordingly, in recent clinical trials, therapies guided by specific patient characteristics have had better outcomes than previous therapies directed to any subject with a diagnosis of severe asthma. However, there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the full scope of this disease that hinder the development of effective treatments for all severe asthmatics. In this Review, we discuss our current state of knowledge regarding severe asthma, highlighting different molecular and immunological pathways that can be targeted for future therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mahesh Raundhal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Timothy B. Oriss
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
- Department of Immunology, and
- University of Pittsburgh Asthma Institute at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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31
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Mackay RMA, Grainge CL, Lau LC, Barber C, Clark HW, Howarth PH. Airway Surfactant Protein D Deficiency in Adults With Severe Asthma. Chest 2016; 149:1165-72. [PMID: 26836907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surfactant protein D (SP-D) is an essential component of the innate immune defense against pathogens within the airways. SP-D also regulates allergic inflammation and promotes the removal of apoptotic cells. SP-D dysregulation is evident in several pulmonary diseases. Our aim was to investigate whether airway and serum levels of SP-D are altered in treatment-resistant severe asthma. METHODS SP-D concentrations were measured in matched serum and BAL samples collected from 10 healthy control subjects (HC) and 50 patients with asthma (22 with mild asthma [MA] and 28 with severe asthma [SA]). These samples were also evaluated by using Western blot analysis to investigate variations in SP-D size. RESULTS SP-D levels in BAL samples were significantly lower in SA compared with HC and MA (P < .001) and inversely correlated with BAL eosinophil cationic protein concentrations in SA (P < .01). Serum SP-D was significantly increased in SA compared with HC and MA (P < .001), and BAL/serum ratios were significantly lower in SA compared with HC and MA (P < .001). Reduced SP-D levels in BAL samples, with concomitant increases in serum in SA, were associated with degraded fragments of SP-D in the serum and increased BAL neutrophil counts and lipopolysaccharide levels. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest defective innate immunity within the airways in SA, as reflected by low BAL SP-D concentrations and altered bacterial presence with airway neutrophilia. Furthermore, BAL SP-D leakage into the serum in patients with SA may provide a peripheral blood biomarker, reflecting increased epithelial damage and/or epithelial permeability within the peripheral airways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose-Marie A Mackay
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK.
| | - Christopher L Grainge
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, John Hunter Hospital, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurie C Lau
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Clair Barber
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Howard W Clark
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Peter H Howarth
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK; Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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32
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See KC, Phua J, Lim TK. Trigger factors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-centre cross-sectional survey. Singapore Med J 2015; 57:561-565. [PMID: 26768322 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2015178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of trigger factors may help to distinguish asthma from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Knowing and avoiding trigger factors for both asthma and COPD can facilitate the design of comprehensive management programmes that can aid disease control. This study aimed to describe the relative frequency and range of various trigger factors in asthma and COPD. METHODS We conducted a telephone-based survey involving asthma and COPD patients on follow-up at a university hospital in Singapore. RESULTS A total of 779 asthma patients and 129 COPD patients participated in this study. Among these patients, 93.8% of those with asthma and 42.6% of those with COPD had trigger factors (p < 0.001). The median number of trigger factors was greater among asthma patients than among those with COPD (3 vs. 0, p < 0.001). Trigger factors found to be significantly more prevalent among asthma patients compared to those with COPD include tobacco smoke, alcohol, upper respiratory tract infections, incense smoke, perfume, laughter, a dusty environment, air-conditioning, heavy rain, heavy traffic fumes, citrus fruits, gastro-oesophageal reflux, household pets, flowers/pollen, medications and psychological triggers. Trigger factors that were not previously described, such as bathing, fatigue, insufficient sleep, crowded places and overeating, were also reported. CONCLUSION Trigger factors, although found in both groups of patients, were more common among asthma patients. Knowledge of these trigger factors may be useful in distinguishing between the two diseases and optimising disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Choong See
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Phua
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tow Keang Lim
- Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Medicine Cluster, National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Backer V, Sverrild A, Ulrik CS, Bødtger U, Seersholm N, Porsbjerg C. Diagnostic work-up in patients with possible asthma referred to a university hospital. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:27768. [PMID: 26557251 PMCID: PMC4629726 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.27768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The best strategy for diagnosing asthma remains unclear. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic strategies in individuals with possible asthma referred to a respiratory outpatient clinic at a university hospital. METHODS All individuals with symptoms suggestive of asthma referred over 12 months underwent spirometry, bronchodilator reversibility test, Peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) registration, and bronchial challenge test with methacholine and mannitol on three separate days. The results of these tests were compared against an asthma diagnosis based on symptoms, presence of atopy and baseline spirometry made by a panel of three independent respiratory specialists. RESULTS Of the 190 individuals examined, 63% (n=122) were classified as having asthma. Reversibility to β2-agonist had the lowest sensitivity of 13%, whereas airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine had the highest (69%). In contrast, specificity was the highest for reversibility testing (93%), whereas methacholine had the lowest specificity (57%). The combination of reversibility, peak-flow variability, and methacholine yielded a cumulative sensitivity of 78%, albeit a specificity of 41%. In comparison, a combination of reversibility and mannitol resulted in a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 42%. CONCLUSION In this real-life population, different diagnostic test combinations were required to achieve a high specificity for diagnosing asthma and a high sensitivity, respectively: Our findings suggest that the diagnostic test approach should be based on whether the aim is to exclude asthma (high sensitivity required) or confirm a diagnosis of asthma (high specificity required).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Backer
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Asger Sverrild
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Uffe Bødtger
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Næstved Hospital, Næstved, Denmark
| | - Niels Seersholm
- Department of Respiratory Medicine Y, Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Respiratory Research Unit, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Marincu I, Frent S, Tomescu MC, Mihaicuta S. Rates and predictors of uncontrolled bronchial asthma in elderly patients from western Romania. Clin Interv Aging 2015; 10:963-7. [PMID: 26124649 PMCID: PMC4476423 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s83141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bronchial asthma (BA) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, featuring variable and often reversible airflow limitations. An accurate assessment of BA control is difficult in practice, especially in the elderly, requiring the assessment of several clinical and paraclinical parameters that are influenced not only by asthma, but also by comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictors of uncontrolled BA in a group of elderly patients from western Romania. Patients and methods We retrospectively evaluated 126 elderly patients (aged $ 65 years), who were consecutively evaluated in the Pulmonology Department of Victor Babes Hospital, Timisoara, Romania, between March 2009 and July 2012. We collected demographic data, performed pulmonary function testing and an asthma control test (ACT), and evaluated the level of BA control based on the 2012 Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Statistical processing of the data was done using the Epi Info and STATA programs. Results In our study group, 36 (29%) patients were men and 90 (71%) were women; their mean age was 74.42±8.32 years (range: 65–85 years). A total of 14.28% of patients were smokers. About 30.15% of patients had an ACT score <19, 54.76% had an ACT score 20–24, and 15.09% had an ACT of 25. Moreover, 59.52% had normal spirometry results. Infectious exacerbations were found in 58.73% of patients. A history of allergies was demonstrated in 48.41% of patients, 34.12% had occupational exposure, and 82.53% of patients were treated with inhaled corticosteroids. Our results showed that 30.15% of patients had uncontrolled BA. We found six predictive factors for uncontrolled BA: infectious exacerbation, occupational exposure, mixed (obstructive and restrictive) ventilatory dysfunction, persistent airway obstruction on spirometry, duration of disease in months, and current smoking status. Infectious exacerbations, persistent airway obstructions, and occupational exposure were the most powerful predictors. Conclusion Elderly patients represent an important group that is at risk for developing uncontrolled BA. Predictors may identify those elderly patients with uncontrolled BA and facilitate early medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Marincu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, Epidemiology and Parasitology, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan Frent
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, Epidemiology and Parasitology, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Cleopatra Tomescu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Stefan Mihaicuta
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Pulmonology, Epidemiology and Parasitology, Timisoara, Romania
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Al-Muhsen S, Horanieh N, Dulgom S, Aseri ZA, Vazquez-Tello A, Halwani R, Al-Jahdali H. Poor asthma education and medication compliance are associated with increased emergency department visits by asthmatic children. Ann Thorac Med 2015; 10:123-31. [PMID: 25829964 PMCID: PMC4375741 DOI: 10.4103/1817-1737.150735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute exacerbations of bronchial asthma remain a major cause of frequent Emergency Department (ED) visits by pediatric patients. However, other factors including psychosocial, behavioural and educational, are also reportedly associated with repetitive ED visits. Therefore, it is necessary to determine whether such visits are justifiable. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this cross-sectional study was to identify risk factors associated with visits to ED by asthmatic children. METHODS: Asthmatic children (n = 297) between 1-17 years old were recruited and information collected at the time of visiting an ED facility at two major hospitals. RESULTS: Asthmatic patients visited the ED 3.9 3.2 times-per-year, on average. Inadequately controlled asthma was perceived in 60.3% of patients. The majority of patients (56.4%) reported not receiving education about asthma. Patients reflected misconceptions about the ED department, including the belief that more effective treatments are available (40.9%), or that the ED staff is better qualified (27.8%). About half of patients (48.2%) visited the ED because of the convenience of being open 24 hours, or because they are received immediately (38.4%). Uncontrolled asthma was associated with poor education about asthma and/or medication use. Patients educated about asthma, were less likely to stop corticosteroid therapy when their symptoms get better (OR:0.55; 95% CI:0.3-0.9; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION: This study reports that most patients had poor knowledge about asthma and were using medications improperly, thus suggesting inefficient application of management action plan. Unnecessary and frequent visits to the ED for asthma care was associated with poor education about asthma and medication use. Potential deficiencies of the health system at directing patients to the proper medical facility were uncovered and underline the necessity to improve education about the disease and medication compliance of patients and their parents/guardians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh Al-Muhsen
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nour Horanieh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Dulgom
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair Al Aseri
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro Vazquez-Tello
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Prince Naif Center for Immunology Research and Asthma Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdan Al-Jahdali
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division-ICU, King Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hu ZW, Wu JM, Liang WT, Wang ZG. Gastroesophageal reflux disease related asthma: From preliminary studies to clinical practice. World J Respirol 2015; 5:58-64. [DOI: 10.5320/wjr.v5.i1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of asthma requires the presence of episodic respiratory difficulties characterized by variable and reversible airway obstruction. It has a high prevalence worldwide and is traditionally considered to be an allergic disease. Most cases are responsive to treatment with bronchodilators and anti-inflammatories, as recommended by national and international guidelines; however, approximately 10% of asthmatic patients are refractory even to optimal therapy. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disorder in asthmatic patients and the two disorders may be linked pathophysiologically. Here we review data from preliminary studies that suggest asthma could be induced or exacerbated by gastroesophageal reflux. The optimal strategies for the diagnosis of GERD-related asthma and its therapy are still debated. However, there is evidence to suggest that antireflux treatment is effective and practical for asthmatic patients with well-defined reflux disease.
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Thomsen SF. Epidemiology and natural history of atopic diseases. Eur Clin Respir J 2015; 2:24642. [PMID: 26557262 PMCID: PMC4629767 DOI: 10.3402/ecrj.v2.24642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The atopic diseases – atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever – pose a great burden to the individual and society, not least, since these diseases have reached epidemic proportions during the past decades in industrialized and, more recently, in developing countries. Whereas the prevalence of the atopic diseases now seems to have reached a plateau in many Western countries, they are still on the increase in the developing world. This emphasizes continuing research aimed at identifying the causes, risk factors, and natural history of these diseases. Herein, the fundamental aspects of the natural history and epidemiology of the atopic diseases are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon F Thomsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Asthma is one of the most common chronic immunological diseases in humans, affecting people from childhood to old age. Progress in treating asthma has been relatively slow and treatment guidelines have mostly recommended empirical approaches on the basis of clinical measures of disease severity rather than on the basis of the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis. An important molecular mechanism of asthma is type 2 inflammation, which occurs in many but not all patients. In this Opinion article, I explore the role of type 2 inflammation in asthma, including lessons learnt from clinical trials of inhibitors of type 2 inflammation. I consider how dichotomizing asthma according to levels of type 2 inflammation--into 'T helper 2 (TH2)-high' and 'TH2-low' subtypes (endotypes)--has shaped our thinking about the pathobiology of asthma and has generated new interest in understanding the mechanisms of disease that are independent of type 2 inflammation.
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Wuyts WA, Antoniou KM, Borensztajn K, Costabel U, Cottin V, Crestani B, Grutters JC, Maher TM, Poletti V, Richeldi L, Vancheri C, Wells AU. Combination therapy: the future of management for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:933-942. [PMID: 25439569 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70232-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Findings from recently published placebo-controlled trials in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have established that pirfenidone and nintedanib prevent about 50% of the decline in forced vital capacity typically seen in this disease; future trials are therefore unlikely to use placebo as a control group for ethical reasons. Future clinical assessment will probably include add-on trials in which a new drug is combined with an intervention with established efficacy; this development is in turn likely to herald the use of combination regimens in clinical practice. Personalised medicine (the selection of monotherapies on the basis of individualised biomarker signal) is an intrinsically attractive alternative approach, but is unlikely to be useful in routine management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the medium-term future because of the complex nature of the disease's pathogenesis. In this Personal View, we review the pleiotropic nature of disease pathogenesis in idiopathic pulmonary disease, the use of combination regimens in other selected chronic lung diseases, and the conceptual basis for combination therapies in interstitial lung disorders other than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. On the basis of these considerations, and the emergence of data from add-on trials, we believe that the future of management for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lies in the development of combination regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim A Wuyts
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Unit for Interstitial Lung Diseases, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katerina M Antoniou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pneumonology, Medical School, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - Keren Borensztajn
- Inserm U1152, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, LabEx Inflamex, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Ulrich Costabel
- Department of Pneumology/Allergology, Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Vincent Cottin
- Hôpital Louis Pradel, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, Lyon, France
| | - Bruno Crestani
- Inserm U1152, Université Paris Diderot, PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité, LabEx Inflamex, and Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, DHU FIRE, Paris, France; Service de Pneumologie A, Centre de Compétence des Maladies Pulmonaires Rares, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Centre for Interstitial Lung Diseases and University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pulmonology, St. Antonius Hospital Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Toby M Maher
- NIHR Biological Research Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, Sydney Street, London, UK
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Department of Diseases of the Thorax, Ospedale GB Morgagni, Forlì, Italy
| | - Luca Richeldi
- National Institute for Health Research, Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Carlo Vancheri
- Regional Centre for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Athol U Wells
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK.
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Wong EHC, Porter JD, Edwards MR, Johnston SL. The role of macrolides in asthma: current evidence and future directions. THE LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:657-70. [PMID: 24948430 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides, such as clarithromycin and azithromycin, possess antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and potential antiviral properties. They represent a potential therapeutic option for asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by airway hyper-responsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing. Results from clinical trials, however, have been contentious. The findings could be confounded by many factors, including the heterogeneity of asthma, treatment duration, dose, and differing outcome measures. Recent evidence suggests improved effectiveness of macrolides in patients with sub-optimally controlled severe neutrophilic asthma and in asthma exacerbations. We examine the evidence from clinical trials and discuss macrolide properties and their relevance to the pathophysiology of asthma. At present, the use of macrolides in chronic asthma or acute exacerbations is not justified. Further work, including proteomic, genomic, and microbiome studies, will advance our knowledge of asthma phenotypes, and help to identify a macrolide-responsive subgroup. Future clinical trials should target this subgroup and place emphasis on clinically relevant outcomes such as asthma exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernie H C Wong
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - James D Porter
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Michael R Edwards
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK
| | - Sebastian L Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, UK; Centre for Respiratory Infection, London, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.
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