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Mackay CDA, Meechem MB, Patel VB. Macrophages in vascular disease: Roles of mitochondria and metabolic mechanisms. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 156:107419. [PMID: 39181483 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages are a dynamic cell type of the immune system implicated in the pathophysiology of vascular diseases and are a major contributor to pathological inflammation. Excessive macrophage accumulation, activation, and polarization is observed in aortic aneurysm (AA), atherosclerosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. In general, macrophages become activated and polarized to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which dramatically changes cell behavior to become pro-inflammatory and infiltrative. These cell types become cumbersome and fail to be cleared by normal mechanisms such as autophagy. The result is a hyper-inflammatory environment causing the recruitment of adjacent cells and circulating immune cells to further augment the inflammatory response. In AA, this leads to excessive ECM degradation and chemokine secretion, ultimately causing macrophages to dominate the immune cell landscape in the aortic wall. In atherosclerosis, monocytes are recruited to the vascular wall, where they polarize to the pro-inflammatory phenotype and induce inflammatory pathway activation. This leads to the development of foam cells, which significantly contribute to neointima and necrotic core formation in atherosclerotic plaques. Pro-inflammatory macrophages, which affect other vascular diseases, present with fragmented mitochondria and corresponding metabolic dysfunction. Targeting macrophage mitochondrial dynamics has proved to be an exciting potential therapeutic approach to combat vascular disease. This review will summarize mitochondrial and metabolic mechanisms of macrophage activation, polarization, and accumulation in vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron D A Mackay
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan B Meechem
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vaibhav B Patel
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Tolomeo M, Cascio A. STAT4 and STAT6, their role in cellular and humoral immunity and in diverse human diseases. Int Rev Immunol 2024:1-25. [PMID: 39188021 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2024.2395274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 and STAT6 play a crucial role in immune cells by transducing signals from specific cytokine receptors, and inducing transcription of genes involved in cell-mediated and humoral immunity. These two different defense mechanisms against pathogens are regulated by two specific CD4+ T helper (Th) cells known as Th1 and Th2 cells. Many studies have shown that several diseases including cancer, inflammatory, autoimmune and allergic diseases are associated with a Th1/Th2 imbalance caused by increased or decreased expression/activity of STAT4 or STAT6 often due to genetic and epigenetic aberrances. An altered expression of STAT4 has been observed in different tumors and autoimmune diseases, while a dysregulation of STAT6 signaling pathway is frequently observed in allergic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, allergic asthma, food allergy, and tumors such as Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Recently, dysregulations of STAT4 and STAT6 expression have been observed in SARS-CoV2 and monkeypox infections, which are still public health emergencies in many countries. SARS-CoV-2 can induce an imbalance in Th1 and Th2 responses with a predominant activation of STAT6 in the cytosol and nuclei of pneumocytes that drives Th2 polarization and cytokine storm. In monkeypox infection the virus can promote an immune evasion by inducing a Th2 response that in turn inhibits the Th1 response essential for virus elimination. Furthermore, genetic variations of STAT4 that are associated with an increased risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus seem to play a role in defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manlio Tolomeo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, A.O.U.P. Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, A.O.U.P. Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Palermo, Italy
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Rajput S, Malviya R, Srivastava S, Ahmad I, Rab SO, Uniyal P. Cardiovascular disease and thrombosis: Intersections with the immune system, inflammation, and the coagulation system. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2024:S0003-4509(24)00112-3. [PMID: 39159826 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
The coagulation and immune system, both essential physiological systems in the human body, are intricately interconnected and play a critical role in determining the overall health of patients. These systems collaborate via various shared regulatory pathways, such as the Tissue Factor (TF) Pathway. Immunological cells that express TF and generate pro-inflammatory cytokines have the ability to affect coagulation. Conversely, coagulation factors and processes have a reciprocal effect on immunological responses by stimulating immune cells and regulating their functions. These interconnected pathways play a role in both preserving well-being and contributing to a range of pathological disorders. The close relationship between blood clotting and inflammation in the development of vascular disease has become a central focus of clinical study. This research specifically examines the crucial elements of this interaction within the contexts of cardiovascular disease and acute coronary syndrome. Tissue factor, the primary trigger of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, has a crucial function by inducing a proinflammatory reaction through the activation of coagulation factors. This, in turn, initiates coagulation and subsequent cellular signalling pathways. Protease-activated receptors establish the molecular connection between coagulation and inflammation by interacting with activated clotting factors II, X, and VII. Thrombosis, a condition characterised by the formation of blood clots, is the most dreaded consequence of cardiovascular disorders and a leading cause of death globally. Consequently, it poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems. Antithrombotic treatments efficiently target platelets and the coagulation cascade, but they come with the inherent danger of causing bleeding. Furthermore, antithrombotics are unable to fully eliminate thrombotic events, highlighting a treatment deficiency caused by a third mechanism that has not yet been sufficiently addressed, namely inflammation. Understanding these connections may aid in the development of novel approaches to mitigate the harmful mutual exacerbation of inflammation and coagulation. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interaction among these systems is crucial for the management of diseases and the creation of efficacious remedies. Through the examination of these prevalent regulatory systems, we can discover novel therapeutic approaches that specifically target these complex illnesses. This paper provides a thorough examination of the reciprocal relationship between the coagulation and immune systems, emphasising its importance in maintaining health and understanding disease processes. This review examines the interplay between inflammation and thrombosis and its role in the development of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivam Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India
| | - Rishabha Malviya
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, U.P., India.
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College (KPJUC), Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prerna Uniyal
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, India
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Liu G, Huang L, Lv X, Guan Y, Li L. Thrombomodulin as a potential diagnostic marker of acute myocardial infarction and correlation with immune infiltration: Comprehensive analysis based on multiple machine learning. Transpl Immunol 2024; 85:102070. [PMID: 38839020 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2024.102070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health problem with high mortality. Early diagnosis can prevent the development of AMI and provide valuable information for subsequent treatment. Angiogenesis has been shown to be a critical factor in the development of infarction and targeting this process may be a potential protective strategy for preventing myocardial injury and improving the prognosis of AMI patients. This study aimed to screen and verify diagnostic markers related to angiogenesis in AMI and to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action associated with AMI in terms of immune cell infiltration. METHODS The GSE66360 and the GSE60993 datasets were both downloaded from the GEO database and were used as the training cohort and the external validation cohort, respectively. Angiogenesis-related genes (ARGs) were downloaded from the MSigDB database. The hub ARGs were identified via LASSO, RF, and SVM-RFE algorithms. ROC curves were used to assess the accuracy of the hub ARGs. The potential mechanisms of the hub ARGs were analyzed by GSEA. The ssGSEA algorithm was used to determine differences in immune cell infiltration and immune function. The CIBERSORT algorithm was used for immune cell infiltration analysis. In addition, we constructed a ceRNA network map of differentially expressed ARGs. RESULTS We identified the thrombomodulin (THBD) gene from ARGs as a potential diagnostic marker for AMI based on the LASSO, SVM-RFE, and RF algorithms. THBD was differentially expressed and had a potential diagnostic value (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.931 and 0.765 in the training and testing datasets, respectively). GSEA showed that the MAPK signaling pathway was more enriched in the high-expression group of THBD (P < 0.05). Immune cell infiltration analysis demonstrated that THBD was mainly positively correlated with monocytes (R = 0.48, P = 0.00055) and neutrophils (R = 0.36, P = 0.013). Finally, in the ceRNA regulatory network, THBD was closely associated with 9 miRNAs and 42 lncRNAs involved in AMI. CONCLUSION THBD can be used as a potential diagnostic marker for AMI. This study provides new insights for future AMI diagnosis and molecular mechanism research. Moreover, immune cell infiltration plays an essential role in the occurrence and development of AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lixia Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiangwen Lv
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuting Guan
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi Cardiovascular Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Dunleavy C, Elsworthy RJ, Wood SJ, Allott K, Spencer F, Upthegrove R, Aldred S. Exercise4Psychosis: A randomised control trial assessing the effect of moderate-to-vigorous exercise on inflammatory biomarkers and negative symptom profiles in men with first-episode psychosis. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:379-390. [PMID: 38906488 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION First-Episode Psychosis (FEP) is a devastating mental health condition that commonly emerges during early adulthood, and is characterised by a disconnect in perceptions of reality. Current evidence suggests that inflammation and perturbed immune responses are involved in the pathology of FEP and may be associated specifically with negative symptoms. Exercise training is a potent anti-inflammatory stimulus that can reduce persistent inflammation, and can improve mood profiles in general populations. Therefore, exercise may represent a novel adjunct therapy for FEP. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of exercise on biomarkers of inflammation, negative symptoms of psychosis, and physiological health markers in FEP. METHODS Seventeen young males (26.67 ± 6.64 years) were recruited from Birmingham Early Intervention in Psychosis Services and randomised to a 6-week exercise programme consisting of two-to-three sessions per week that targeted 60-70 % heart-rate max (HRMax), or a treatment as usual (TAU) condition. Immune T-helper (Th-) cell phenotypes and cytokines, symptom severity, functional wellbeing, and cognition were assessed before and after 6-weeks of regular exercise. RESULTS Participants in the exercise group (n = 10) achieved 81.11 % attendance to the intervention, with an average exercise intensity of 67.54 % ± 7.75 % HRMax. This led to favourable changes in immune cell phenotypes, and a significant reduction in the Th1:Th2 ratio (-3.86 %) compared to the TAU group (p = 0.014). After the exercise intervention, there was also a significant reduction in plasma IL-6 concentration (-22.17 %) when compared to the TAU group (p = 0.006). IL-8, and IL-10 did not show statistically significant differences between the groups after exercise. Symptomatically, there was a significant reduction in negative symptoms after exercise (-13.54 %, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, (PANSS) Negative) when compared to the TAU group (p = 0.008). There were no significant change in positive or general symptoms, functional outcomes, or cognition (all p > 0.05). DISCUSSION Regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is feasible and attainable in clinical populations. Exercise represents a physiological tool that is capable of causing significant inflammatory biomarker change and concomitant symptom improvements in FEP cohorts, and may be useful for treatment of symptom profiles that are not targeted by currently prescribed antipsychotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Dunleavy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Richard J Elsworthy
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Wood
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Felicity Spencer
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Upthegrove
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom; Institute for Mental Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Women and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Early Intervention in Psychosis Service, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Aldred
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health (CHBH), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
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Li R, Tang W, Yan S, Yu X, Hu L. A dose-response correlation between smoking and severity of acute pancreatitis: a propensity score-matched study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1397111. [PMID: 39135712 PMCID: PMC11317375 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1397111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Acute pancreatitis, among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders, exhibits a continual rise in its incidence recent years. This study endeavor to explore the correlation between smoking exposure and the severity of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods Five hundred and eight patients diagnosed as acute pancreatitis (AP) were included in our data analysis. Patients were categorized based on their smoking pack-years into four groups: light, moderate, heavy, and non-smokers. Outcomes were classified as two: "mild acute pancreatitis (MAP)" and "moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP) or severe acute pancreatitis (SAP)". We conducted propensity score matching (PSM) to adjust confounding factors and multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Additionally, a dose-dependent association analysis between smoking exposure and the incidence rate of "MSAP or SAP" was performed. Results Smokers exhibited a higher risk of "MSAP or SAP" compared to non-smokers, both before (17.1 vs. 54.9%, p < 0.001) and after (9.4 vs. 24.7%, p < 0.001) PSM. With an area under the ROC curve of 0.708, smoking showed a moderate level of predictive ability. Furthermore, propensity score matching analysis showed that patients who smoked compared to non-smokers had significantly higher risks of "MSAP or SAP" for light smoking (OR 3.76, 95% CI 1.40-10.07, p = 0.008), moderate smoking (OR 4.94, 95% CI 2.23-10.92, p < 0.001), and heavy smoking (OR 8.08, 95% CI 3.39-19.25, p < 0.001). Conclusion Smoking is an independent risk factor that can raise the severity of pancreatitis. Moreover, the severity of acute pancreatitis escalates in tandem with the accumulation of pack-years of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhuo Li
- Department of Digestion, First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
- Department of Digestion, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Wanyun Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Sun Yan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- General Surgery Department, Dandong Central Hospital, China Medical University, Dandong, China
| | - Lian Hu
- Department of Digestion, First People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
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Rong M, Jia JJ, Lin MQ, He XLS, Xie ZY, Wang N, Zhang ZH, Dong YJ, Xu WF, Huang JH, Li B, Jiang NH, Lv GY, Chen SH. The effect of modified Qiyuan paste on mice with low immunity and sleep deprivation by regulating GABA nerve and immune system. Chin Med 2024; 19:84. [PMID: 38867320 PMCID: PMC11167779 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00939-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low immunity and sleep disorders are prevalent suboptimal health conditions in contemporary populations, which render them susceptible to the infiltration of pathogenic factors. LJC, which has a long history in traditional Chinese medicine for nourishing the Yin and blood and calming the mind, is obtained by modifying Qiyuan paste. Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo has been shown to improve the immune function in sleep-deprived mice. In this study, based on the traditional Chinese medicine theory, LJC was prepared by adding D. officinale Kimura et Migo to Qiyuan paste decoction. METHODS Indicators of Yin deficiency syndrome, such as back temperature and grip strength, were measured in each group of mice; furthermore, behavioral tests and pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep tests were performed. An automatic biochemical analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and other methods were used to determine routine blood parameters, serum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA, and IgM), cont (C3, C4), acid phosphatase (ACP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in the spleen, serum hemolysin, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) levels. In addition, serum levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Nissl staining were used to assess the histological alterations in the hypothalamus tissue. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of the GABA pathway proteins GABRA1, GAD, GAT1, and GABAT1 and those of CD4+ and CD8+ proteins in the thymus and spleen tissues. RESULTS The findings indicated that LJC prolonged the sleep duration, improved the pathological changes in the hippocampus, effectively upregulated the GABA content in the serum of mice, downregulated the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio, enhanced the expressions of GABRA1, GAT1, and GAD, and decreased the expression of GABAT1 to assuage sleep disorders. Importantly, LJC alleviated the damage to the thymus and spleen tissues in the model mice and enhanced the activities of ACP and LDH in the spleen of the immunocompromised mice. Moreover, serum hemolysin levels and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM levels increased after LJC administration, which manifested as increased CD4+ content, decreased CD8+ content, and enhanced DTH response. In addition, LJC significantly increased the levels of complement C3 and C4, increased the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, and decreased the percentage of neutrophils in the blood. CONCLUSIONS LJC can lead to improvements in immunocompromised mice models with insufficient sleep. The underlying mechanism may involve regulation of the GABA/Glu content and the expression levels of GABA metabolism pathway-related proteins in the brain of mice, enhancing their specific and nonspecific immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Rong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiu-Jie Jia
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min-Qiu Lin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing-Li-Shang He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying-Jie Dong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wan-Feng Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Hui Huang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Jiang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Gui-Yuan Lv
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548, Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Su-Hong Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, No. 18, Chaowang Road, Xiacheng District, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Innovative Research and Development and Digital Intelligent Manufacturing of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Products, Huzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Hashmi HF, Xuan X, Chen K, Zhang P, Shahab M, Zheng G, Younous YA, Salamatullah AM, Bourhia M. Molecular modeling and simulation approaches to characterize potential molecular targets for burdock inulin to instigate protection against autoimmune diseases. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11291. [PMID: 38760355 PMCID: PMC11101470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61387-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we utilized molecular modeling and simulation approaches to define putative potential molecular targets for Burdock Inulin, including inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1β. Molecular docking results revealed potential interactions and good binding affinity for these targets; however, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS were identified as the best targets for Inulin. Molecular simulation-based stability assessment demonstrated that inulin could primarily target iNOS and may also supplementarily target COX-2 and IL-1β during DSS-induced colitis to reduce the role of these inflammatory mechanisms. Furthermore, residual flexibility, hydrogen bonding, and structural packing were reported with uniform trajectories, showing no significant perturbation throughout the simulation. The protein motions within the simulation trajectories were clustered using principal component analysis (PCA). The IL-1β-Inulin complex, approximately 70% of the total motion was attributed to the first three eigenvectors, while the remaining motion was contributed by the remaining eigenvectors. In contrast, for the COX2-Inulin complex, 75% of the total motion was attributed to the eigenvectors. Furthermore, in the iNOS-Inulin complex, the first three eigenvectors contributed to 60% of the total motion. Furthermore, the iNOS-Inulin complex contributed 60% to the total motion through the first three eigenvectors. To explore thermodynamically favorable changes upon mutation, motion mode analysis was carried out. The Free Energy Landscape (FEL) results demonstrated that the IL-1β-Inulin achieved a single conformation with the lowest energy, while COX2-Inulin and iNOS-Inulin exhibited two lowest-energy conformations each. IL-1β-Inulin and COX2-Inulin displayed total binding free energies of - 27.76 kcal/mol and - 37.78 kcal/mol, respectively, while iNOS-Inulin demonstrated the best binding free energy results at - 45.89 kcal/mol. This indicates a stronger pharmacological potential of iNOS than the other two complexes. Thus, further experiments are needed to use inulin to target iNOS and reduce DSS-induced colitis and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Farooque Hashmi
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xu Xuan
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kaoshan Chen
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- School of Life Science and National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zheng
- State Key Laboratories of Chemical Resources Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Natural Resources Valorization, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, 80060, Agadir, Morocco
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Zhu S, Wei W. Progress in research on the role of fluoride in immune damage. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394161. [PMID: 38807586 PMCID: PMC11130356 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive fluoride intake from residential environments may affect multiple tissues and organs; however, the specific pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Researchers have recently focused on the damaging effects of fluoride on the immune system. Damage to immune function seriously affects the quality of life of fluoride-exposed populations and increases the incidence of infections and malignant tumors. Probing the mechanism of damage to immune function caused by fluoride helps identify effective drugs and methods to prevent and treat fluorosis and improve people's living standards in fluorosis-affected areas. Here, the recent literature on the effects of fluoride on the immune system is reviewed, and research on fluoride damage to the immune system is summarized in terms of three perspectives: immune organs, immune cells, and immune-active substances. We reviewed that excessive fluoride can damage immune organs, lead to immune cells dysfunction and interfere with the expression of immune-active substances. This review aimed to provide a potential direction for future fluorosis research from the perspective of fluoride-induced immune function impairment. In order to seek the key regulatory indicators of fluoride on immune homeostasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Heilongjiang Province & Ministry of Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Lab of Trace Elements and Human Health Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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10
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Ge S, Dias ACP, Zhang X. Chimerism of avian IgY-scFv and truncated IgG-Fc: A novel strategy in cross-species antibody generation and enhancement. Immunology 2024; 172:46-60. [PMID: 38247105 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Chicken single-chain fragment variable (IgY-scFv) is a functional fragment and an emerging development in genetically engineered antibodies with a wide range of biomedical applications. However, scFvs have considerably shorter serum half-life due to the absence of antibody Fc region compared with the full-length antibody, and usually requires continuous intravenous administration for efficacy. A promising approach to overcome this limitation is to fuse scFv with immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc region, for better recognition and mediation by the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) in the host. In this study, engineered mammalian ΔFc domains (CH2, CH3, and intact Fc region) were fused with anti-canine parvovirus-like particles avian IgY-scFv to produce chimeric antibodies and expressed in the HEK293 cell expression system. The obtained scFv-CH2, scFv-CH3, and scFv-Fc can bind with antigen specifically and dose-dependently. Surface plasmon resonance investigation confirmed that scFv-CH2, scFv-CH3, and scFv-Fc had different degrees of binding to FcRn, with scFv-Fc showing the highest affinity. scFv-Fc had a significantly longer half-life in mice compared with the unfused scFv. The identified ΔFcs are promising for the development of engineered Fc-based therapeutic antibodies and proteins with longer half-lives. The avian IgY-scFv-mammalian IgG Fc region opens up new avenues for antibody engineering, and it is a novel strategy to enhance the rapid development and screening of functional antibodies in veterinary and human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikun Ge
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Alberto Carlos Pires Dias
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Biology, Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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11
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Peng QY, An Y, Jiang ZZ, Xu Y. The Role of Immune Cells in DKD: Mechanisms and Targeted Therapies. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2103-2118. [PMID: 38601771 PMCID: PMC11005934 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s457526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), is a common microvascular complication and a major cause of death in patients with diabetes. Disorders of immune cells and immune cytokines can accelerate DKD development of in a number of ways. As the kidney is composed of complex and highly differentiated cells, the interactions among different cell types and immune cells play important regulatory roles in disease development. Here, we summarize the latest research into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions among various immune and renal cells in DKD. In addition, we discuss the most recent studies related to single cell technology and bioinformatics analysis in the field of DKD. The aims of our review were to explore immune cells as potential therapeutic targets in DKD and provide some guidance for future clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Tian J, Liu X, Liang H, Shen Y, Xiang X, Zhu F, Wang X, Liu C, Xu X, Zhang X, Xue Q, Gu Y. Expression of lymphocyte activation gene-3 on CD4 +T cells is regulated by cytokine interleukin-18 in myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 388:578308. [PMID: 38325197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, B cell-mediated, and complement-dependent autoimmune disease. Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3; CD223) is an immune checkpoint protein that plays an important role in maintaining autoimmune tolerance and homeostasis. To investigate the cytokine-regulated expression pattern of LAG-3, CD4+T cells were sorted from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers by density gradient centrifugation and stimulated with various cytokines in vitro. The expression of membrane LAG-3 (mLAG-3), membrane a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain10 (mADAM10) and membrane ADAM17 (mADAM17) on CD4+T cells was detected by flow cytometry; the concentration of soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3) was detected by ELISA; and the relative expression of genes at the transcriptional level was detected by fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). sLAG-3 levels were significantly increased in the peripheral plasma of AChR Ab-positive patients with MG compared to healthy volunteers, while the percentage of mLAG-3 expression on CD4+T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with MG was significantly reduced. IL-18 inhibited mLAG-3 levels on CD4+T cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the concentration of sLAG-3 in the supernatant increased. After PHA and IL-18 stimulation, ADAM10 and ADAM17 also increased compared to those in the PHA-active group. Moreover, there were significant differences in the expression of mADAM10 and mADAM17 in CD4+T lymphocytes between patients with MG and healthy volunteers. These results suggest that IL-18 may regulate the expression pattern of mLAG-3 in CD4+T cells and sLAG-3 via ADAM10- and ADAM17-mediated pathways, thus affecting the immune effects of CD4+T cells. This study provides a preliminary exploration of the upstream regulatory molecules of the LAG-3 and IL-18/LAG-3 signalling pathways for potential targeted therapy of autoimmune diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingluan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hansi Liang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xuanyi Xiang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Cuiping Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Xingshun Xu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215031, China
| | - Xueguang Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Qun Xue
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China; Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
| | - Yanzheng Gu
- Jiangsu Institute of Clinical Immunology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
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13
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Kuang G, Tan X, Liu X, Li N, Yi N, Mi Y, Shi Q, Zeng F, Xie X, Lu M, Xu X. The Role of Innate Immunity in Osteoarthritis and the Connotation of "Immune-joint" Axis: A Narrative Review. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:2170-2179. [PMID: 38243960 DOI: 10.2174/0113862073264389231101190637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease that results in constriction of the joint space due to the gradual deterioration of cartilage, alterations in subchondral bone, and synovial membrane. Recently, scientists have found that OA involves lesions in the whole joint, in addition to joint wear and tear and cartilage damage. Osteoarthritis is often accompanied by a subclinical form of synovitis, which is a chronic, relatively low-grade inflammatory response mainly mediated by the innate immune system. The "immune-joint" axis refers to an interaction of an innate immune response with joint inflammation and the whole joint range. Previous studies have underestimated the role of the immune-joint axis in OA, and there is no related research. For this reason, this review aimed to evaluate the existing evidence on the influence of innate immune mechanisms on the pathogenesis of OA. The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense. When the innate immune system is triggered, it instantly activates the downstream inflammatory signal pathway, causing an inflammatory response, while also promoting immune cells to invade joint synovial tissue and accelerate the progression of OA. We have proposed the concept of the "immune-joint" axis and explored it from two aspects of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory and modern medical research, such as the innate immunity and OA, macrophages and OA, complement and OA, and other cells and OA, to enrich the scientific connotation of the "immune-joint" axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xuyi Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, 410006, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Naping Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Nanxing Yi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Yilin Mi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Qiyun Shi
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Fan Zeng
- Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, China
| | - Xinjun Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiaotong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
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14
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Liu Y, Lu L, Yang H, Wu X, Luo X, Shen J, Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Du F, Chen Y, Deng S, Cho CH, Li Q, Li X, Li W, Wang F, Sun Y, Gu L, Chen M, Li M. Dysregulation of immunity by cigarette smoking promotes inflammation and cancer: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 339:122730. [PMID: 37838314 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is a serious global health issue. Cigarette smoking contains over 7000 different chemicals. The main harmful components include nicotine, acrolein, aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals, which play the key role for cigarette-induced inflammation and carcinogenesis. Growing evidences show that cigarette smoking and its components exert a remarkable impact on regulation of immunity and dysregulated immunity promotes inflammation and cancer. Therefore, this comprehensive and up-to-date review covers four interrelated topics, including cigarette smoking, inflammation, cancer and immune system. The known harmful chemicals from cigarette smoking were summarized. Importantly, we discussed in depth the impact of cigarette smoking on the formation of inflammatory or tumor microenvironment, primarily by affecting immune effector cells, such as macrophages, neutrophils, and T lymphocytes. Furthermore, the main molecular mechanisms by which cigarette smoking induces inflammation and cancer, including changes in epigenetics, DNA damage and others were further summarized. This article will contribute to a better understanding of the impact of cigarette smoking on inducing inflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Lu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianxiu Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanping Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhong Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Gu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
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15
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Cao Y, Long J, Sun H, Miao Y, Sang Y, Lu H, Yu C, Zhang Z, Wang L, Yang J, Wang S. Dendritic Cell-Mimicking Nanoparticles Promote mRNA Delivery to Lymphoid Organs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302423. [PMID: 37867227 PMCID: PMC10667832 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Spleen and lymphoid organs are important targets for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery in various applications. Current nanoparticle delivery methods rely on drainage to lymph nodes from intramuscular or subcutaneous injections. In difficult-to-transfect antigen-presenting cells (APCs), such as dendritic cells (DCs), effective mRNA transfection remains a significant challenge. In this study, a lymphatic targeting carrier using DC membranes is developed, that efficiently migrated to lymphoid organs, such as the spleen and lymph nodes. The nanoparticles contained an ionizable lipid (YK009), which ensured a high encapsulation efficacy of mRNA and assisted mRNA with endosomal escape after cellular uptake. Dendritic cell-mimicking nanoparticles (DCMNPs) showed efficient protein expression in both the spleen and lymph nodes after intramuscular injections. Moreover, in immunized mice, DCMNP vaccination elicited Spike-specific IgG antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and Th1-biased SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity. This work presents a powerful vaccine formula using DCMNPs, which represents a promising vaccine candidate for further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Cao
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Long
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Huisheng Sun
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Miao
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Ye Sang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Haitao Lu
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Changxiao Yu
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation MedicineBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Bioinformatics center of AMMSBeijing100850P. R. China
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16
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Mu J, Lin Q, Liang Y. An update on the effects of food-derived active peptides on the intestinal microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11625-11639. [PMID: 35791779 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2094889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal microecology is a research hotspot, and neologisms related to the gut such as gut-brain axis, gut-lung axis, gut-bone axis, gut-skin axis, gut-renal axis, and gut-liver axis have emerged from recent research. Meticulous investigation has discovered that food-derived active peptides (FDAPs) are bioactive substances that optimize the structure of the gut microbiota to improve human health. However, few reviews have summarized and emphasized the nutritional value of FDAPs and their mechanisms of action in regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. We aim to provide an update on the latest research on FDAPs by comparing, summarizing, and discussing the potential food sources of FDAPs, their physiological functions, and regulatory effects on the intestinal microecology. The key findings are that few studies have analyzed the potential mechanisms and molecular pathways through which FDAPs maintain intestinal microecological homeostasis. We found that an imbalance in the ratio of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the gut microbiota and abnormal production of short-chain fatty acids are key to the occurrence and development of various diseases. This review provides theoretical support for future comprehensive research on the digestion, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of FDAPs and the mechanisms underlying the interactions between FDAPs and the intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Mu
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qinlu Lin
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liang
- Molecular Nutrition Branch, National Engineering Research Center of Rice and By-Product Deep Processing/College of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Wei X, Ding Y, Wang L, Zhang Q, Wang C, Chen C, You S, Wu M, Kuang F. TLR4-MyD88 signaling is involved in the spinal neurons during the full length of recovery from transection of the motor branch of the femoral nerve in mice. Neuroreport 2023; 34:655-663. [PMID: 37506317 PMCID: PMC10399940 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to see the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and downstream molecules including myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and interleukin 1-β (IL-1β) in the spinal cord as peripheral nerve injury recovered in mice. We established a model of femoral nerve injury (FNI) in C57BL/6 mice by transection of the motor branch of the femoral nerve, followed by retrograde labeling to show the according motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord pars lumbar. We observed the motor function recovery of the injured hind limbs using behavioral tests. The expression of TLR4, MyD88, and IL-1β was examined by immunofluorescent staining and western blot. According to the behavior test, the FNI animals fully recovered within 6-8 weeks. TLR4, MyD88, and IL-1β were expressed in the ventral horn of the spinal cord both at 72 h till 6 weeks after the femoral nerve transection surgery, and these proteins were mostly co-localized with neurons. IL-1β also tended to rise in the same surgery groups, but more intimate with microglia surrounding nearby retrograde labeled neurons. And western blot results were consistent with histological findings. The results indicate that peripheral nerve injury may induce innate immune reactions of the central neurons and critical signaling like TLR4/MyD88 in the spinal cord may reflect the recovery of the injury. These findings suggest that peripheral nerve injury triggered the TLR4/MyD88 signal in the soma of spinal neurons may be involved in function and nerve restoration through neuron-glia crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wei
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi’an
| | - Yumeng Ding
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Lichao Wang
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qixingmao Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Chunhuai Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Siwei You
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Mingmei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
| | - Fang Kuang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University
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18
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Ren FJ, Cai XY, Yao Y, Fang GY. JunB: a paradigm for Jun family in immune response and cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1222265. [PMID: 37731821 PMCID: PMC10507257 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1222265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Jun B proto-oncogene (JunB) is a crucial member of dimeric activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex, which plays a significant role in various physiological processes, such as placental formation, cardiovascular development, myelopoiesis, angiogenesis, endochondral ossification and epidermis tissue homeostasis. Additionally, it has been reported that JunB has great regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses by regulating the differentiation and cytokine secretion of immune cells including T cells, dendritic cells and macrophages, while also facilitating the effector of neutrophils and natural killer cells. Furthermore, a growing body of studies have shown that JunB is involved in tumorigenesis through regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence and metastasis, particularly affecting the tumor microenvironment through transcriptional promotion or suppression of oncogenes in tumor cells or immune cells. This review summarizes the physiological function of JunB, its immune regulatory function, and its contribution to tumorigenesis, especially focusing on its regulatory mechanisms within tumor-associated immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-jia Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-yu Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guo-ying Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Chatanaka MK, Sohaei D, Diamandis EP, Prassas I. Beyond the amyloid hypothesis: how current research implicates autoimmunity in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:398-426. [PMID: 36941789 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2187342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The amyloid hypothesis has so far been at the forefront of explaining the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to cognitive decline and eventual death. Recent evidence, however, points to additional factors that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. These include the neurovascular hypothesis, the mitochondrial cascade hypothesis, the inflammatory hypothesis, the prion hypothesis, the mutational accumulation hypothesis, and the autoimmunity hypothesis. The purpose of this review was to briefly discuss the factors that are associated with autoimmunity in humans, including sex, the gut and lung microbiomes, age, genetics, and environmental factors. Subsequently, it was to examine the rise of autoimmune phenomena in AD, which can be instigated by a blood-brain barrier breakdown, pathogen infections, and dysfunction of the glymphatic system. Lastly, it was to discuss the various ways by which immune system dysregulation leads to AD, immunomodulating therapies, and future directions in the field of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. A comprehensive account of the recent research done in the field was extracted from PubMed on 31 January 2022, with the keywords "Alzheimer's disease" and "autoantibodies" for the first search input, and "Alzheimer's disease" with "IgG" for the second. From the first search, 19 papers were selected, because they contained recent research on the autoantibodies found in the biofluids of patients with AD. From the second search, four papers were selected. The analysis of the literature has led to support the autoimmune hypothesis in AD. Autoantibodies were found in biofluids (serum/plasma, cerebrospinal fluid) of patients with AD with multiple methods, including ELISA, Mass Spectrometry, and microarray analysis. Through continuous research, the understanding of the synergistic effects of the various components that lead to AD will pave the way for better therapeutic methods and a deeper understanding of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyo K Chatanaka
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dorsa Sohaei
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Eleftherios P Diamandis
- Department of Laboratory and Medicine Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ioannis Prassas
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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Cai H, Xiong W, Zhu H, Wang Q, Liu S, Lu Z. Protein O-GlcNAcylation in multiple immune cells and its therapeutic potential. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209970. [PMID: 37675125 PMCID: PMC10477433 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that involves the addition of O-GlcNAc to serine or threonine residues of nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins, catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). This modification is highly dynamic and can be reversed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation is widespread in the immune system, which engages in multiple physiologic and pathophysiologic processes. There is substantial evidence indicating that both the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation are critically involved in regulating immune cell function. However, the precise role of O-GlcNAcylation in the immune system needs to be adequately elucidated. This review offers a thorough synopsis of the present research on protein O-GlcNAcylation, accentuating the molecular mechanisms that control immune cells' growth, maturation, and performance via this PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haoyan Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiongxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Myocardial Injury and Repair, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Aroffu M, Manca ML, Pedraz JL, Manconi M. Liposome-based vaccines for minimally or noninvasive administration: an update on current advancements. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1573-1593. [PMID: 38015659 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2288856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccination requires innovation to provide effective protection. Traditional vaccines have several drawbacks, which can be overcome with advanced technologies and different administration routes. Over the past 10 years, a significant amount of research has focussed on the delivery of antigens into liposomes due to their dual role as antigen-carrying systems and vaccine adjuvants able to increase the immunogenicity of the carried antigen. AREAS COVERED This review encompasses the progress made over the last 10 years with liposome-based vaccines designed for minimally or noninvasive administration, filling the gaps in previous reviews and providing insights on composition, administration routes, results achieved, and Technology Readiness Level of the most recent formulations. EXPERT OPINION Liposome-based vaccines administered through minimally or noninvasive routes are expected to improve efficacy and complacency of vaccination programs. However, the translation from lab-scale production to large-scale production and collaborations with hospitals, research centers, and companies are needed to allow new products to enter the market and improve the vaccination programs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Aroffu
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - José Luis Pedraz
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- BioAraba, NanoBioCel research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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22
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Radhwi ZO, Bin Laswad BM, AlSulami AA, Bahakeem FY, Abu Zabiba MA, Bawazer SM, Bajodah AA, Khairo YM, Hafiz WA. Knowledge and Awareness of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among the Population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e41294. [PMID: 37539396 PMCID: PMC10394476 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease that affects mostly females of childbearing age. The exact cause is still unknown, but hormonal and immunological features and genetic predisposition are considered likely etiological factors. Disease presentation is variable but is usually characterized by phases of remission and relapse. Objective This study was conducted to assess the knowledge and awareness of SLE among the general population of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Methods Data were collected using an online survey created with Google Forms that was distributed to the residents of Makkah aged 18 years and older. The survey was disseminated between November 2022 and January 2023. Results A total of 488 participants were included in the study, and the mean age of the participants was 29.1 years; the majority were female (54%). Only 18.6% of the participants knew someone with SLE, while 52.3% had heard about SLE. Additionally, 79.9% of participants had below-average awareness of SLE. Moreover, 72.1% believed that awareness of SLE should be promoted; 65.5% knew about SLE from the Internet or e-resources. Finally, only 5.5% of the participants had heard about SLE from physicians. Conclusion This study showed an insufficient level of knowledge and awareness of SLE in the general population of Makkah. We recommend conducting physical and virtual disease awareness campaigns and activities to enhance the knowledge and awareness of SLE among the general population of Makkah and other parts of Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair O Radhwi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Bassam M Bin Laswad
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah A AlSulami
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Faris Y Bahakeem
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Mohammed A Abu Zabiba
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Siraj M Bawazer
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Abdullah A Bajodah
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Yusuf M Khairo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Waleed A Hafiz
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
- Department of Medicine, Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah, SAU
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23
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Yao J, Liu J, He Y, Liu L, Xu Z, Lin X, Liu N, Kai G. Systems pharmacology reveals the mechanism of Astragaloside IV in improving immune activity on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 313:116533. [PMID: 37100262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myelosuppression, also known as bone marrow suppression (BMS), is a pathological phenomenon of the decrease in the production of blood cells and further lead to immune homeostasis disorder. Astragalus mongholicus Bunge (AM, checked with The World Flora Online, http://www.worldfloraonline.org, updated on January 30, 2023) is a traditional Chinese medicine with efficacy of tonifying Qi and strengthening body immunity in thousands of years of clinical practice in China. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is a major active ingredient of AM, which plays an important role in regulating immune system through different ways. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of AS-IV on macrophages in vitro and cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressive mice in vivo, and to provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of AS-IV in myelosuppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology, the core targets and signaling pathways of saponins of AM against myelosuppression were screened. And then, the immunoregulatory effect of AS-IV on RAW264.7 cells was investigated by cellular immune activity and cellular secretion analysis in vitro. In this way, the effects of AS-IV on the main potential targets of HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of the effects of AS-IV against CTX-induced mice were conducted on the basis of immune organs indices analysis, histopathological analysis, hematological analysis, natural killer cell activity analysis and spleen lymphocyte transformation activity analysis. In order to further verify the relationship between active ingredients and action targets, drug inhibitor experiments were finally conducted. RESULTS AS-IV, as a potential anti-myelosuppressive compound, was screened by systematic pharmacological methods to act on target genes including HIF1A and RELA together with the HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway. Further studies by molecular docking technology showed that AS-IV had good binding activity with HIF1A, RELA, TNF, IL6, IL1B and other core targets. Besides, cellular and animal experiments validation results showed that AS-IV could enhance the migration and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells, and protect the immune organs such as spleen and thymus together with bone tissues from damage. By this means, immune cell function including spleen natural killer cell and lymphocyte transformation activity were also enhanced. In addition, white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, platelets and bone marrow cells were also significantly improved in the suppressed bone marrow microenvironment (BMM). In kinetic experiments, the secretion of cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were increased, and IL-10, TGF-β1 were decreased. The key regulatory proteins such as HIF-1α, NF-κB, PHD3 in HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway were also regulated in the results of upregulated expression of HIF-1α, p-NF-κB p65 and PHD3 at the protein or mRNA level. Finally, the inhibition experiment results suggested that AS-IV could significantly improve protein response in immunity and inflammation such as HIF-1α, NF-κB and PHD3. CONCLUSION AS-IV could significantly relieve CTX-induced immunosuppressive and might improve the immune activity of macrophages by activating HIF-1α/NF-κB signaling pathway, and provide a reliable basis for the clinical application of AS-IV as a potentially valuable regulator of BMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Yao
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Yining He
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Zonghui Xu
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Xianming Lin
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400021, China.
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, Jinhua Academy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China.
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Yang C, Li D, Ko CN, Wang K, Wang H. Active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine for enhancing the effect of tumor immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133050. [PMID: 36969211 PMCID: PMC10036358 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a type of treatment that uses our own immune system to fight cancer. Studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has antitumor activity and can enhance host immunity. This article briefly describes the immunomodulatory and escape mechanisms in tumors, as well as highlights and summarizes the antitumor immunomodulatory activities of some representative active ingredients of TCM. Finally, this article puts forward some opinions on the future research and clinical application of TCM, aiming to promote the clinical applications of TCM in tumor immunotherapy and to provide new ideas for the research of tumor immunotherapy using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture, Institute of Innovation & Application, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chung-Nga Ko
- C-MER Dennis Lam and Partners Eye Center, Hong Kong International Eye Care Group, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Chung-Nga Ko, ; Kai Wang, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Kai Wang
- Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chung-Nga Ko, ; Kai Wang, ; Haiyong Wang,
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chung-Nga Ko, ; Kai Wang, ; Haiyong Wang,
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Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 52/55k protein triggers PKR degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system to evade effective innate immunity. Vet Microbiol 2023; 278:109660. [PMID: 36657343 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pro- and inflammatory cytokines fail to effectively inhibit FAdV-4, which has always puzzled us. In the current study, the data determined that the mRNA levels of interferons were significantly enhanced in the livers and LMH cells from 24 h to 72 h post FAdV-4 infection. But the viral load of FAdV-4 was still significantly increased, which meant that FAdV-4 evaded innate immune response. We additionally revealed that the protein levels not mRNA levels of PKR were degraded in host cell at 48 h post FAdV-4 infection. Moreover, the results of over expression and silent expression of PKR revealed that PKR could inhibit FAdV-4 proliferation. These results indicated that FAdV-4 degraded the protein levels of PKR to evade innate immune response. We also found that the protein degradation levels of PKR induced by FAdV-4 were recovery in LHM cells after treatment with proteasome inhibitor MG132, and ubiquitin-specific proteases inhibitor DUB-IN-1. Furthermore, our current data presented that FAdV-4 52/55 K protein directly interacted with PKR and degraded it determined by Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. We also determined that 52/55 K protein triggered PKR degradation, and the degradation of PKR could be recovery in LHM cells after treatment with MG132, or DUB-IN-1, respectively. Finally, our data demonstrated that 52/55 K protein was a ubiquitylase that could directly degrade PKR protein in host cells via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Therefore, the current study firstly revealed that FAdV-4 52/55 K protein played the key role in triggering PKR degradation by ubiquitin-proteasome system pathway to escape from innate immunity response.
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Martins S, António N, Carvalheiro T, Laranjeira P, Rodrigues R, Gonçalves L, Tomaz C, Paiva A. Reduced numbers of regulatory T cells in chronic heart failure seems not to be restored by cardiac resynchronization therapy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2023; 23:89. [PMID: 36792985 PMCID: PMC9933267 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-023-03109-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cells have been implicated in the development and progression of inflammatory processes in chronic heart failure (CHF). Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has beneficial effects on symptoms and cardiac remodeling in CHF. However, its impact on the inflammatory immune response remains controversial. We aimed to study the impact of CRT on T cells in heart failure (HF) patients. METHODS Thirty-nine HF patients were evaluated before CRT (T0) and six months later (T6). Quantification of T cells, their subsets, and their functional characterization, after in vitro stimulation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. RESULTS T regulatory (Treg) cells were decreased in CHF patients (healthy group (HG): 1.08 ± 0.50 versus (heart failure patients (HFP)-T0: 0.69 ± 0.40, P = 0.022) and remaining diminished after CRT (HFP-T6: 0.61 ± 0.29, P = 0.003). Responders (R) to CRT presented a higher frequency of T cytotoxic (Tc) cells producing IL-2 at T0 compared with non-responders (NR) (R: 36.52 ± 12.55 versus NR: 24.71 ± 11.66, P = 0.006). After CRT, HF patients presented a higher percentage of Tc cells expressing TNF-α and IFN-γ (HG: 44.50 ± 16.62 versus R: 61.47 ± 20.54, P = 0.014; and HG: 40.62 ± 15.36 versus R: 52.39 ± 18.66, P = 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSION The dynamic of different functional T cell subpopulations is significantly altered in CHF, which results in an exacerbated pro-inflammatory response. Even after CRT, it seems that the inflammatory condition underlying CHF continues to evolve with the progression of the disease. This could be due, at least in part, to the inability to restore Treg cells levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION Observational and prospective study with no trial registration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Martins
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco, ESALD-Dr, Lopes Dias Health School, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Castelo Branco, 6000-085, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Natália António
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Carvalheiro
- Centro do Sangue e da Transplantação de Coimbra, Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula Laranjeira
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Unidade Local de Saúde de Castelo Branco, 6000-085, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Lino Gonçalves
- Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics/iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cândida Tomaz
- Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), 6200-506, Covilhã, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Praceta Mota Pinto, 3000-075, Coimbra, Portugal.
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27
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Liu X, Wei Q, Lu L, Cui S, Ma K, Zhang W, Ma F, Li H, Fu X, Zhang C. Immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: Targeting immune cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094685. [PMID: 36860847 PMCID: PMC9968735 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Various intractable inflammatory diseases caused by disorders of immune systems have pressed heavily on public health. Innate and adaptive immune cells as well as secreted cytokines and chemokines are commanders to mediate our immune systems. Therefore, restoring normal immunomodulatory responses of immune cells is crucial for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are nano-sized double-membraned vesicles acting as paracrine effectors of MSCs. MSC-EVs, containing a variety of therapeutic agents, have shown great potential in immune modulation. Herein, we discuss the novel regulatory functions of MSC-EVs from different sources in the activities of innate and adaptive immune cells like macrophages, granulocytes, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes. Then, we summarize the latest clinical trials of MSC-EVs in inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we prospect the research trend of MSC-EVs in the field of immune modulation. Despite the fact that the research on the role of MSC-EVs in regulating immune cells is in infancy, this cell-free therapy based on MSC-EVs still offers a promising solution for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of NBC Defence, PLA Army, Beijing, China
| | - Shengnan Cui
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Dermatology, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Xiyuan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kui Ma
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Haihong Li
- Department of Wound Repair, Institute of Wound Repair and Regeneration Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Zhang
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and the 4th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Campbell C, Kandalgaonkar MR, Golonka RM, Yeoh BS, Vijay-Kumar M, Saha P. Crosstalk between Gut Microbiota and Host Immunity: Impact on Inflammation and Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:294. [PMID: 36830830 PMCID: PMC9953403 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbes and their metabolites are actively involved in the development and regulation of host immunity, which can influence disease susceptibility. Herein, we review the most recent research advancements in the gut microbiota-immune axis. We discuss in detail how the gut microbiota is a tipping point for neonatal immune development as indicated by newly uncovered phenomenon, such as maternal imprinting, in utero intestinal metabolome, and weaning reaction. We describe how the gut microbiota shapes both innate and adaptive immunity with emphasis on the metabolites short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids. We also comprehensively delineate how disruption in the microbiota-immune axis results in immune-mediated diseases, such as gastrointestinal infections, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiometabolic disorders (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and hypertension), autoimmunity (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), hypersensitivity (e.g., asthma and allergies), psychological disorders (e.g., anxiety), and cancer (e.g., colorectal and hepatic). We further encompass the role of fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, prebiotics, and dietary polyphenols in reshaping the gut microbiota and their therapeutic potential. Continuing, we examine how the gut microbiota modulates immune therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, and anti-TNF therapies. We lastly mention the current challenges in metagenomics, germ-free models, and microbiota recapitulation to a achieve fundamental understanding for how gut microbiota regulates immunity. Altogether, this review proposes improving immunotherapy efficacy from the perspective of microbiome-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Campbell
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Mrunmayee R. Kandalgaonkar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Rachel M. Golonka
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Piu Saha
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
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ZENG W, SONG Y, WANG R, HE R, WANG T. Neutrophil elastase: From mechanisms to therapeutic potential. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:355-366. [PMID: 37181292 PMCID: PMC10173178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil elastase (NE), a major protease in the primary granules of neutrophils, is involved in microbicidal activity. NE is an important factor promoting inflammation, has bactericidal effects, and shortens the inflammatory process. NE also regulates tumor growth by promoting metastasis and tumor microenvironment remodeling. However, NE plays a role in killing tumors under certain conditions and promotes other diseases such as pulmonary ventilation dysfunction. Additionally, it plays a complex role in various physiological processes and mediates several diseases. Sivelestat, a specific NE inhibitor, has strong potential for clinical application, particularly in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This review discusses the pathophysiological processes associated with NE and the potential clinical applications of sivelestat.
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Abstract
Recent studies have shown that at least six aquaporins (AQPs), including AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP7, and AQP9, are expressed in immune system. These AQPs distribute in lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, and mediate water and glycerol transportation in these cells, which play important roles in innate and adaptive immune functions. Immune system plays important roles in body physiological functions and health. Therefore, understanding the association between AQPs and immune system may provide approaches to prevent and treat related diseases. Here we will discuss the expression and physiological functions of AQPs in immune system and summarize recent researches on AQPs in immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Kan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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31
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Han F, Chen Y, Zhu Y, Huang Z. Antigen receptor structure and signaling. Adv Immunol 2023; 157:1-28. [PMID: 37061286 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The key to mounting an immune response is that the host cells must be coordinated to generate an appropriate immune response against the pathogenic invaders. Antigen receptors recognize specific molecular structures and recruit adaptors through their effector domains, triggering trans-membrane transduction signaling pathway to exert immune response. The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and B cell antigen receptor (BCR) are the primary determinant of immune responses to antigens. Their structure determines the mode of signaling and signal transduction determines cell fate, leading to changes at the molecular and cellular level. Studies of antigen receptor structure and signaling revealed the basis of immune response triggering, providing clues to antigen receptor priming and a foundation for the rational design of immunotherapies. In recent years, the increased research on the structure of antigen receptors has greatly contributed to the understanding of immune response, different immune-related diseases and even tumors. In this review, we describe in detail the current view and advances of the antigen structure and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Han
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Chen
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuwei Zhu
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- HIT Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
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Song C, Cai W, Liu F, Cheng K, Guo D, Liu Z. An in-depth analysis of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of intervertebral disc degeneration. JOR Spine 2022; 5:e1233. [PMID: 36601372 PMCID: PMC9799087 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the pathological basis of disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and other related diseases, and the lower back pain it produces lays a heavy financial burden on individuals and society. Thus, it is essential to comprehend IVDD's pathophysiology. Numerous factors, such as inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, apoptosis, matrix metalloproteinases, are linked to IVDD pathogenesis. Despite the fact that many researches has provided explanations for the pathophysiology of IVDD, these studies are typically singular, restricted, and isolated, expound only on one or two components, and do not systematically analyze and summarize the numerous influencing elements. In addition, we discovered that the incidence of many chronic diseases in the field of orthopedics may be thoroughly and systematically defined in terms of immunological systems. In order to provide a theoretical foundation for an in-depth understanding of the pathological process of IVDD and the formulation of more effective prevention and treatment measures, this review provides a comprehensive and systematic account of the pathogenesis of IVDD from the physical to the molecular barriers of the intervertebral disc, from the nucleus pulposus tissue to the cellular to the immune-molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Weiye Cai
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Kang Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Daru Guo
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Zongchao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology (Trauma and Bonesetting)The Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
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Yang L, Liu X, Huang X, Li N, Zhang L, Yan H, Hou X, Wang L, Wang L. Integrated Proteotranscriptomics Reveals Differences in Molecular Immunity between Min and Large White Pig Breeds. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121708. [PMID: 36552219 PMCID: PMC9775064 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term selection or evolution is an important factor governing the development of disease resistance in pigs. To better clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying different levels of disease resistance, we used transcriptomics and proteomics analysis to characterize differences in the immunities between six resistant (Min pig) and six susceptible (Large White, LW) pigs which were raised in the same environment. A total of 135 proteins and 791 genes were identified as being differentially expressed between the Large White and Min pig groups. Protein expression clustering and functional analysis revealed that proteins related to immune system process, humoral immune response, the B cell receptor signaling pathway, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and innate immune responses were more highly expressed in Min pigs. Transcriptome gene set enrichment analysis was used to reveal that pathways of cell adhesion molecules and antigen processing and presentation are significantly enriched in Min pigs. Integrated proteomics and transcriptomics data analysis identified 16 genes that are differentially expressed at both the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, 13 out of these 16 genes were related to the quantitative trait loci of immune diseases, including neural EGFL-like 2 (NELL2) and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), which are involved in innate immunity. Correlation analysis between the genes/proteins and cytokines shows upregulated proteins in LW pigs in association with immunosuppressive/pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL) 10, IL6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. This was further validated using parallel reaction monitoring analysis. In summary, we discovered several potential candidate pathways and key genes/proteins involved in determining differences in disease resistance between the two studied pig breeds, which could provide new insights into the breeding of pigs for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030800, China
| | - Na Li
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Longchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hua Yan
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lixian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Ligang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Farm Animal Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture of China, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (L.W.)
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Wang K, Qi L, Zhao L, Liu J, Guo Y, Zhang C. Degradation of chondroitin sulfate: Mechanism of degradation, influence factors, structure-bioactivity relationship and application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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de Sousa Fernandes MS, Santos GCJ, Filgueira TO, Gomes DA, Barbosa EAS, dos Santos TM, Câmara NOS, Castoldi A, Souto FO. Cytokines and Immune Cells Profile in Different Tissues of Rodents Induced by Environmental Enrichment: Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911986. [PMID: 36233282 PMCID: PMC9570198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental Enrichment (EE) is based on the promotion of socio-environmental stimuli, which mimic favorable environmental conditions for the practice of physical activity and health. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the influence of EE on pro-and anti-inflammatory immune parameters, but also in cell activation related to the innate and acquired immune responses in the brain and peripheral tissues in rodents. Three databases [PubMed (2209 articles), Scopus (1154 articles), and Science Direct (1040 articles)] were researched. After applying the eligibility criteria, articles were selected for peer review, independently, as they were identified by September 2021. The protocol for this systematic review was registered in the PROSPERO. Of the 4417 articles found, 16 were selected for this systematic review. In the brain, EE promoted a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In the blood, EE promoted a higher percentage of leukocytes, an increase in CD19+ B lymphocytes, and the proliferation of Natura Killer (NK cells). In the bone marrow, there was an increase in the number of CD27- and CD11b+ mature NK cells and a reduction in CD27- and CD11b+ immature Natural Killer cells. In conclusion, EE can be an immune modulation approach and plays a key role in the prevention of numerous chronic diseases, including cancer, that have a pro-inflammatory response and immunosuppressive condition as part of their pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Faculdade de Comunicação Turismo e Tecnologia de Olinda, Olinda 53030-010, Brazil
| | | | - Tayrine Ordonio Filgueira
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Dayane Aparecida Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
| | | | - Tony Meireles dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Centro de Ciências da Médicas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida-NCV, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste—CAA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Oliveira Souto
- Instituto Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Aplicada à Saúde, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-600, Brazil
- Núcleo de Ciências da Vida-NCV, Centro Acadêmico do Agreste—CAA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Caruaru 55014-900, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Feng P, Wu J, Ren Y, Zhang L, Cao J, Yang L. Early pregnancy regulates the expression of prolactin and its receptor in the thymus, the liver, the spleen and lymph nodes in sheep. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 81:106731. [PMID: 35635981 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2022.106731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a pituitary hormone, prolactin (PRL) is also synthesized by immune system cells, and exerts its effects on the immune system by binding to its receptor (PRLR) via endocrine and paracrine/autocrine pathways. The immune organs adapt to the presence of fetal alloantigens during pregnancy, and the immune system is composed of primary organs and secondary organs. The objective of this study is to analyze the effects of early pregnancy on expression of PRL and PRLR in maternal immune organs in sheep. In this study, the thymus, lymph node, the spleen and the liver were sampled at day 16 of the estrous cycle, and at days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. Expression of PRL and PRLR was analyzed through quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our data showed that there were an upregulation of PRL and PRLR in the thymus, lymph node and the spleen, and a downregulation in the liver during early pregnancy in ewes. In conclusion, it is reported for the first time that early pregnancy has tissue specific effects on expression of PRL isoform and PRLR isoform in the thymus, lymph node, the spleen and the liver, which may be owing to these organs exerting different functions during early pregnancy, and necessary for the successful pregnancy in sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Feng
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - J Wu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - Y Ren
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - J Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China
| | - L Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China.
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Feng X, Li X, Liu N, Hou N, Sun X, Liu Y. Glutaminolysis and CD4+ T-cell metabolism in autoimmunity: From pathogenesis to therapy prospects. Front Immunol 2022; 13:986847. [PMID: 36211442 PMCID: PMC9537545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.986847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent increase in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases revealed the critical role of T cells. Investigation into immunometabolism has drawn attention to metabolic processes other than glycometabolism. In rapidly dividing immune cells, including T lymphocytes, the consumption of glutamine is similar to or higher than that of glucose even though glucose is abundant. In addition to contributing to many processes critical for cellular integrity and function, glutamine, as the most abundant amino acid, was recently regarded as an immunomodulatory nutrient. A better understanding of the biological regulation of glutaminolysis in T cells will provide a new perspective for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of glutamine catabolism in CD4+ T-cell subsets of autoimmunity. We also focused on potential treatments targeting glutaminolysis in patients with autoimmune diseases. Knowledge of immunometabolism is constantly evolving, and glutamine metabolism may be a potential therapeutic target for autoimmune disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Feng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ningning Hou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- *Correspondence: Yongping Liu,
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Xu X, Li N, Wu Y, Yan K, Mi Y, Yi N, Tan X, Kuang G, Lu M. Zhuifeng tougu capsules inhibit the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and alleviate knee osteoarthritis: In vitro and in vivo experiments. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:951860. [PMID: 36188596 PMCID: PMC9521277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.951860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), a chronic degenerative disease, is mainly characterized by destruction of articular cartilage and inflammatory reactions. At present, there is a lack of economical and effective clinical treatment. Zhuifeng Tougu (ZFTG) capsules have been clinically approved for treatment of OA as they relieve joint pain and inflammatory manifestations. However, the mechanism of ZFTG in KOA remains unknown.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of ZFTG on the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and its therapeutic effect on rabbits with KOA.Study design:In vivo, we established a rabbit KOA model using the modified Videman method. In vitro, we treated chondrocytes with IL-1β to induce a pro-inflammatory phenotype and then intervened with different concentrations of ZFTG. Levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were assessed with histological observations and ELISA data. The effect of ZFTG on the viability of chondrocytes was detected using a Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry. The protein and mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB were detected using Western blot and RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence observation of NF-κB p65 protein expression, respectively, to investigate the mechanism of ZFTG in inhibiting inflammatory injury of rabbit articular chondrocytes and alleviating cartilage degeneration.Results: The TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in rabbits with KOA was inhibited, and the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in blood and cell were significantly downregulated, consistent with histological results. Both the protein and mRNA expressions of TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, and NF-κB p65 proteins in that nucleus decreased in the ZFTG groups. Moreover, ZFTG promotes the survival of chondrocytes and inhibits the apoptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes.Conclusion: ZFTG alleviates the degeneration of rabbit knee joint cartilage, inhibits the apoptosis of inflammatory chondrocytes, and promotes the survival of chondrocytes. The underlying mechanism may be inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kB signaling pathway and secretion of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Naping Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yongrong Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yilin Mi
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Nanxing Yi
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xuyi Tan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gaoyan Kuang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Postdoctoral Research Workstation, Hinye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoyan Kuang, ; Min Lu,
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Gaoyan Kuang, ; Min Lu,
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A Water-Soluble Polysaccharide from the Fibrous Root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. and Its Immune Enhancement Effect in Vivo and in Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8723119. [PMID: 36124017 PMCID: PMC9482487 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8723119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background The fibrous roots of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (FRAAB) are byproducts of the rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides. Some studies have revealed secondary metabolic small molecules in FRAAB, but there are few reports on the polysaccharides of FRAAB (PFRAAB). Aim of the Study. The present study aimed to investigate the preliminary characterization and underlying mechanism of immune stimulation of PFRAAB. Materials and Methods The crude polysaccharide of FRAAB was obtained by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and PFRAAB was purified by a diethylaminoethyl-52 (DEAE-52) cellulose chromatographic column and graphene dialysis membrane. The preliminary characterization of PFRAAB was studied by ultraviolet (UV) scanning and Fourier Transform Infrared Reflection (FTIR). The molecular weight and composition of PFRAAB were analysed by high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The immune stimulation of PFRAAB was investigated by using cyclophosphamide- (CCP-) treated mice and RAW264.7 cells. Results A water-soluble PFRAAB was obtained with a molecular weight of 115 kDa and was mainly composed of arabinose (ara), galactose (gal), glucose (glc), and mannose (man). Compared with CCP-induced mice, PFRAAB significantly (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) increased the spleen and thymus index, ameliorated injury to the spleen and thymus, and evaluated immunoglobulin levels. In addition, PFRAAB also increased the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells and upregulated the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), Myd88, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) P65, p–NF–κB P65, IKB-α, and p-IKB-α. Conclusion PFRAAB possesses immune stimulation activity and can be used as a potential resource for immune-enhancing drugs. Our present study provides a scientific basis for the comprehensive development of Anemarrhena asphodeloides medicinal plant resources.
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Li X, Wichai N, Wang J, Liu X, Yan H, Wang Y, Luo M, Zhou S, Wang K, Li L, Miao L. Regulation of innate and adaptive immunity using herbal medicine: benefits for the COVID-19 vaccination. ACUPUNCTURE AND HERBAL MEDICINE 2022; 2:196-206. [PMID: 37808346 PMCID: PMC9746255 DOI: 10.1097/hm9.0000000000000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Vaccination is a major achievement that has become an effective prevention strategy against infectious diseases and active control of emerging pathogens worldwide. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several diverse vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 have been developed and deployed for use in a large number of individuals, and have been reported to protect against symptomatic COVID-19 cases and deaths. However, the application of vaccines has a series of limitations, including protective failure for variants of concern, unavailability of individuals due to immune deficiency, and the disappearance of immune protection for increasing infections in vaccinated individuals. These aspects raise the question of how to modulate the immune system that contributes to the COVID-19 vaccine protective effects. Herbal medicines are widely used for their immune regulatory abilities in clinics. More attractively, herbal medicines have been well accepted for their positive role in the COVID-19 prevention and suppression through regulation of the immune system. This review presents a brief overview of the strategy of COVID-19 vaccination and the response of the immune system to vaccines, the regulatory effects and mechanisms of herbal medicine in immune-related macrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes T and B cells, and how they help vaccines work. Later in the article, the potential role and application of herbal medicines in the most recent COVID-19 vaccination are discussed. This article provides new insights into herbal medicines as promising alternative supplements that may benefit from COVID-19 vaccination. Graphical abstract http://links.lww.com/AHM/A31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Nuttapong Wichai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham, Thailand
| | - Jiabao Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiuping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Mingchi Luo
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhou
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Li Z, Song Y, Wang M, Shen R, Qin K, Zhang Y, Jiang T, Chi Y. m6A regulator-mediated RNA methylation modification patterns are involved in immune microenvironment regulation of coronary heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905737. [PMID: 36093132 PMCID: PMC9453453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the roles of m6A modification in the immune responses to human diseases have been increasingly revealed, their roles in immune microenvironment regulation in coronary heart disease (CHD) are poorly understood. Methods The GSE20680 and GSE20681 datasets related to CHD were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A total of 30 m6A regulators were used to perform LASSO regression to identify the significant genes involved in CHD. Unsupervised clustering analysis was conducted using the m6A regulators to distinguish the m6A RNA methylation patterns in patients with CHD. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and biological characteristics, including GO and KEGG enrichment results, were assessed for the different m6A patterns to analyse the impacts of m6A regulators on CHD. Hub genes were identified, and subsequent microRNAs-mRNAs (miRNAs–mRNAs) and mRNAs-transcriptional factors (mRNA-TFs) interaction networks were constructed by the protein and protein interaction (PPI) network method using Cytoscape software. The infiltrating proportion of immune cells was assessed by ssGSEA and the CIBERSORT algorithm. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of the significant m6A regulators and hub genes. Results Four of 30 m6A regulators (HNRNPC, YTHDC2, YTHDF3, and ZC3H13) were identified to be significant in the development of CHD. Two m6A RNA methylation clusters were distinguished by unsupervised clustering analysis based on the expression of the 30 m6A regulators. A total of 491 genes were identified as DEGs between the two clusters. A PPI network including 308 mRNAs corresponding to proteins was constructed, and 30 genes were identified as hub genes that were enriched in the bioprocesses of peptide cross-linking, keratinocyte differentiation. Twenty-seven hub genes were found to be related to miRNAs, and seven hub genes were found to be related to TFs. Moreover, among the 30 hub genes, eight genes were found to be upregulated in CHD, and three were found to be downregulated in CHD compared to the normal people. The high m6A modification pattern was associated with a higher infiltrated abundance of immune cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that m6A modification plays crucial roles in the diversity and complexity of the immune microenvironment in CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshui Li
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjie Song
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruxin Shen
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Qingdao Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Ting Jiang
| | - Yifan Chi
- Heart Center Department, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Yifan Chi
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Li C, Chen S, Jia W, Li W, Wei D, Cao S, Qian Y, Guan R, Liu H, Lei D. Identify metabolism-related genes IDO1, ALDH2, NCOA2, SLC7A5, SLC3A2, LDHB, and HPRT1 as potential prognostic markers and correlate with immune infiltrates in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955614. [PMID: 36090994 PMCID: PMC9455275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is a kind of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with poor prognosis. Metabolic reprogramming may regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) by adapting quickly to cellular stress and regulating immune response, but its role in HSCC has not been reported. We used the nCounter® Metabolic Pathways Panel to investigate metabolic reprogramming, cellular stress, and their relationship in HSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Metabolism-related pathways nucleotide synthesis and glycolysis pathways were significantly upregulated, while amino acid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation pathways were significantly downregulated in HSCC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues. There is a significant correlation between metabolism-related pathways and cellular stress pathways. Enrichment of immune cell and tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) analysis showed changes in immune responses between HSCC tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Overall survival analysis showed that upregulated genes CD276, LDHB, SLC3A2, EGFR, SLC7A5, and HPRT1 are potential unfavorable prognostic markers in HNSCC, while downregulated genes EEA1, IDO1, NCOA2, REST, CCL19, and ALDH2 are potential favorable prognostic markers in HNSCC. Moreover, metabolism-related genes IDO1, ALDH2, NCOA2, SLC7A5, SLC3A2, LDHB, and HPRT1 are correlated with immune infiltrates in HNSCC. These results suggest that metabolic reprogramming occurs and correlates with cellular stress and immune response in HSCC, which may help researchers understand mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming and develop effective immunotherapeutic strategies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Heng Liu
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Lei, ; Heng Liu,
| | - Dapeng Lei
- *Correspondence: Dapeng Lei, ; Heng Liu,
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Wang Y, Dong C, Han Y, Gu Z, Sun C. Immunosenescence, aging and successful aging. Front Immunol 2022; 13:942796. [PMID: 35983061 PMCID: PMC9379926 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.942796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging induces a series of immune related changes, which is called immunosenescence, playing important roles in many age-related diseases, especially neurodegenerative diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). However, the mechanism of immunosenescence, the association with aging and successful aging, and the effects on diseases are not revealed obviously. In order to provide theoretical basis for preventing or controlling diseases effectively and achieve successful aging, we conducted the review and found that changes of aging-related phenotypes, deterioration of immune organ function and alterations of immune cell subsets participated in the process of immunosenescence, which had great effects on the occurrence and development of age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yudian Han
- Information Center, The First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Zhifeng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
| | - Chi Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Zhifeng Gu, ; Chi Sun,
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Chen H, Wang J, Zhang C, Ding P, Tian S, Chen J, Ji G, Wu T. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor, a new therapeutic direction in different diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113341. [PMID: 35785704 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR), as a kind of G protein-coupled receptor, has five subtypes, including S1PR1, S1PR2, S1PR3, S1PR4, and S1PR5. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1P) and S1PR regulate the trafficking of neutrophils and some cells, which has great effects on immune systems, lung tissue, and liver tissue. Presently, many related reports have proved that S1PR has a strong effect on the migration of lymphocytes, tumor cells, neutrophils, and many other cells via the regulation of signals, pathways, and enzymes. In this way, S1PR can regulate the relative response of the organism. Thus, S1PR has become a possible target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, pulmonary disease, liver disease, and cancer. In this review, we mainly focus on the research of the S1PR for the new therapeutic directions of different diseases and is expected to assist support in the clinic and drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Junmin Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peilun Ding
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shuxia Tian
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Junming Chen
- Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China.
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zhang L, Li S, Tai Z, Yu C, Xu Z. Gut Microbes Regulate Innate Immunity and Epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:870197. [PMID: 35720723 PMCID: PMC9198293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.870197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common chronic brain disease. There are many clinical methods to control epileptic seizures, such as anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or surgical removal of epileptogenic lesions. However, the pathophysiology of epilepsy is still unknown, making it difficult to control or prevent it. The host’s immune system monitors gut microbes, interacts with microbes through pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) expressed by innate immune cells, and activates immune responses in the body to kill pathogens and balance the relationship between microbes and host. In addition, inflammatory responses induced by the innate immune system are seen in animal models of epilepsy and temporal lobe epilepsy brain tissue to combat pathogens or injuries. This review summarizes the potential relationship between gut microbes, innate immunity, and epilepsy based on recent research to provide more hints for researchers to explore this field further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhai Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Tai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Changyin Yu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zucai Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Ahmad HI, Jabbar A, Mushtaq N, Javed Z, Hayyat MU, Bashir J, Naseeb I, Abideen ZU, Ahmad N, Chen J. Immune Tolerance vs. Immune Resistance: The Interaction Between Host and Pathogens in Infectious Diseases. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:827407. [PMID: 35425833 PMCID: PMC9001959 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.827407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is most likely developed to reduce the harmful impact of infections on the host homeostasis. This defense approach is based on the coordinated activity of innate and adaptive immune system components, which detect and target infections for containment, killing, or expulsion by the body's defense mechanisms. These immunological processes are responsible for decreasing the pathogen burden of an infected host to maintain homeostasis that is considered to be infection resistance. Immune-driven resistance to infection is connected with a second, and probably more important, defensive mechanism: it helps to minimize the amount of dysfunction imposed on host parenchymal tissues during infection without having a direct adverse effect on pathogens. Disease tolerance is a defensive approach that relies on tissue damage control systems to prevent infections from causing harm to the host. It also uncouples immune-driven resistance mechanisms from immunopathology and disease, allowing the body to fight infection more effectively. This review discussed the cellular and molecular processes that build disease tolerance to infection and the implications of innate immunity on those systems. In addition, we discuss how symbiotic relationships with microbes and their control by particular components of innate and adaptive immunity alter disease tolerance to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
| | - Abdul Jabbar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Mushtaq
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Wildlife, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainab Javed
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Hayyat
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Javaria Bashir
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sharif Medical and Dental Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Naseeb
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ul Abideen
- Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Livestock Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Jinping Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Jinping Chen
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Zhang J, Fan J, Skwarczynski M, Stephenson RJ, Toth I, Hussein WM. Peptide-Based Nanovaccines in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Review of Recent Advances. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:869-900. [PMID: 35241913 PMCID: PMC8887913 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s269986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, can induce cervical cancer in humans. The disease carries high morbidity and mortality among females worldwide. Inoculation with prophylactic HPV vaccines, such as Gardasil® or Cervarix®, is the predominant method of preventing cervical cancer in females 6 to 26 years of age. However, despite the availability of commercial prophylactic HPV vaccines, no therapeutic HPV vaccines to eliminate existing HPV infections have been approved. Peptide-based vaccines, which form one of the most potent vaccine platforms, have been broadly investigated to overcome this shortcoming. Peptide-based vaccines are especially effective in inducing cellular immune responses and eradicating tumor cells when combined with nanoscale adjuvant particles and delivery systems. This review summarizes progress in the development of peptide-based nanovaccines against HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jingyi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachel J Stephenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Waleed M Hussein
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- Correspondence: Waleed M Hussein, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia, Tel +61 7 3365 2782, Email
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Wang Y, Li L, Li J, Zhao B, Huang G, Li X, Xie Z, Zhou Z. The Emerging Role of m6A Modification in Regulating the Immune System and Autoimmune Diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755691. [PMID: 34869344 PMCID: PMC8635162 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, RNA modifications have rapidly emerged as an indispensable topic in epitranscriptomics. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), namely, methylation at the sixth position of an adenine base in an RNA molecule, is the most prevalent RNA modification in both coding and noncoding RNAs. m6A has emerged as a crucial posttranscriptional regulator involved in both physiological and pathological processes. Based on accumulating evidence, m6A participates in the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases by regulating both innate and adaptive immune cells through various mechanisms. Autoimmune diseases are caused by a self-destructive immune response in the setting of genetic and environmental factors, and recent studies have discovered that m6A may play an essential role in the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we focus on the important role of m6A modification in biological functions and highlight its contributions to immune cells and the development of autoimmune diseases, thereby providing promising epitranscriptomic targets for preventing and treating autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lifang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gan Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Bu Y, Wu H, Deng R, Wang Y. Therapeutic Potential of SphK1 Inhibitors Based on Abnormal Expression of SphK1 in Inflammatory Immune Related-Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733387. [PMID: 34737701 PMCID: PMC8560647 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sphingosine (Sph) to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), so as to maintain the dynamic balance of sphingolipid-rheostat in cells and participate in cell growth and death, proliferation and migration, vasoconstriction and remodeling, inflammation and metabolism. The normal expression of SphK1 maintains the balance of physiological and pathological states, which is reflected in the regulation of inflammatory factor secretion, immune response in traditional immune cells and non-traditional immune cells, and complex signal transduction. However, abnormal SphK1 expression and activity are found in various inflammatory and immune related-diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s disease, inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. In view of the therapeutic potential of regulating SphK1 and its signal, the current research is aimed at SphK1 inhibitors, such as SphK1 selective inhibitors and dual SphK1/2 inhibitor, and other compounds with inhibitory potency. This review explores the regulatory role of over-expressed SphK1 in inflammatory and immune related-diseases, and investigate the latest progress of SphK1 inhibitors and the improvement of disease or pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Bu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ran Deng
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China.,College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Lee M, Lee JS, Kim K, Kim C. Efficacy of immune-strengthening functional drinks in top-level athletes: a questionnaire survey-based research. Phys Act Nutr 2021; 25:23-27. [PMID: 34727685 PMCID: PMC8580581 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional beverages are intended to support those who want to maintain optimal physical condition and improve their quality of life through the enhancement of heart health, immunity, and digestion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of top-level athletes consuming immune-strengthening conditioning nutritional drinks. METHODS A total of 107 top-level athletes (baseball (56 players), pro volleyball (17), athletics (16), cycling (8), golf (6), and fencing (6)) participated in the experiment. They consumed an immune-enhancing functional beverage once a day for 8 weeks and responded to a survey before, during, and after drinking the beverage. RESULTS Three total aspect-based subfactors were drawn from 24 questions in the factor analysis: physical, satisfaction with mental stability, and activity in performance. The physical, mental stability and performance changes of athletes significantly increased in period 2 (4 weeks after intake) and period 3 (after 8 weeks of intake). CONCLUSION We evaluated the efficacy of a new conditioned beverage containing Lactobacillus B240 and protein in improving the performance and physiological utility of top athletes. This functional drink may gain popularity among those seeking health benefits and improved exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Lee
- Sports Science team, Dong-a Otsuka, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Kim
- Sports Science team, Dong-a Otsuka, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanju Kim
- Sports Science team, Dong-a Otsuka, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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