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Proaño B, Benlloch M, Sancho-Castillo S, Privado J, Bargues-Navarro G, Sanchis-Sanchis CE, Martínez Bolós P, Carriquí-Suárez AB, Cubero-Plazas L, Platero Armero JL, Escriva D, Ceron JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, de la Rubia Ortí JE. Paraoxonase I Activity and Its Relationship with Nutrition in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:1021. [PMID: 39199265 PMCID: PMC11351986 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13081021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron degeneration, with oxidative stress playing a key role. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that may influence ALS progression. This study aimed to establish a predictive model for the influence of PON1 activity on functionality in ALS patients and explore its relationship with nutrition. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 70 ALS patients underwent assessments of PON1 activity, lipid profile, functional capacity, respiratory function, and heart rate variability. A structural equation model was developed to determine the relationships between variables. Nutritional intake was analyzed in 65 patients. Results: The predictive model showed that PON1 activity and LDL levels positively influenced functionality, both directly and indirectly through respiratory capacity. Heart rate variability moderately predicted functionality independently. HDL levels were not significantly associated with functionality. Weak to moderate correlations were found between PON1 activity and intake of certain nutrients, with positive associations for monounsaturated fats and vitamin D, and negative associations for carbohydrates, proteins, and some micronutrients. Conclusions: PON1 activity appears to play an important role in ALS patient functionality, both directly and through effects on respiratory capacity. However, its relationship with nutritional intake was not strongly evident in this sample population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Proaño
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.P.); (G.B.-N.); (C.E.S.-S.); (A.B.C.-S.)
| | - María Benlloch
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | | | - Jesús Privado
- Department of Methodology of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Guillermo Bargues-Navarro
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.P.); (G.B.-N.); (C.E.S.-S.); (A.B.C.-S.)
- Health Research Institute (IIS) La Fe, La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Emmanuela Sanchis-Sanchis
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.P.); (G.B.-N.); (C.E.S.-S.); (A.B.C.-S.)
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.B.); (L.C.-P.); (J.L.P.A.)
| | - Palmira Martínez Bolós
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.B.); (L.C.-P.); (J.L.P.A.)
| | - Ana Belén Carriquí-Suárez
- Doctoral School, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (B.P.); (G.B.-N.); (C.E.S.-S.); (A.B.C.-S.)
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Laura Cubero-Plazas
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.B.); (L.C.-P.); (J.L.P.A.)
| | - Jose Luis Platero Armero
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (P.M.B.); (L.C.-P.); (J.L.P.A.)
| | - Dolores Escriva
- Institute for Research on Musculoskeletal Disorders, Catholic University of Valencia, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
- Intensive Care Unit, La Fe Polytechnic and University Hospital, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Joaquín Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (A.T.)
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Pérez-Ocampo J, Taborda NA, Yassin LM, Higuita-Gutiérrez LF, Hernandez JC. Exploring the Association Between Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and High-Density Lipoproteins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. ACR Open Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 39030864 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with inflammation as a critical feature. Recently, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) have been evidenced to have anti-inflammatory effects, suggesting a potential link between HDL and SLE that needs to be thoroughly studied. The aim was to explore the association between SLE and HDLc through a systematic review with meta-analysis. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted to assess mean differences in HDL levels between patients with SLE and healthy controls. Both qualitative and quantitative syntheses were performed, including an assessment of heterogeneity using I2, a publication bias evaluation, a methodologic quality assessment, and a forest plot under a random effects model. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on disease activity and the report of corticosteroid dosage. RESULTS A total of 53 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 35 studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, comprising 3,002 patients with SLE and 2,123 healthy controls. Mean HDL levels were found to be lower in patients with SLE as follows: in the meta-analysis including all articles -6.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] -8.77 to -4.33); in patients with mild disease activity -5.46 (95% CI -8.26 to -2.65); in patients with moderate or severe disease activity -9.42 (95% CI -15.49 to -3.34); in patients using corticosteroids -5.32 (95% CI -10.35 to -0.29); and in studies with excellent methodologic quality -8.71 (95% CI -12.38 to -5.03). CONCLUSION HDL levels appear to be quantitatively altered in patients with SLE, suggesting a potential contribution to immune dysregulation, highlighting the importance of HDL in autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Pérez-Ocampo
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina M Yassin
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luis Felipe Higuita-Gutiérrez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Escuela de microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Juan C Hernandez
- Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina (UdeA), Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
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Ghoreshi ZAS, Abbasi-jorjandi M, Asadikaram G, Sharif-zak M, Seyedi F, Khaksari Haddad M, Zangouey M. Paraoxonase 1 rs662 polymorphism, its related variables, and COVID-19 intensity: Considering gender and post-COVID complications. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:2351-2362. [PMID: 36314852 PMCID: PMC10903238 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221128563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) rs662 polymorphism, arylesterase (ARE) activity, and the serum lipid profile in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in different stages of the disease considering post-COVID outcomes. A total of 470 COVID-19 patients (235 female and 235 male patients) were recruited into the study, and based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, the patients were divided into three groups: moderate, severe, and critical. PON1 rs662 polymorphism was determined by the Alw 1 enzyme followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Moreover, serum levels of triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (Chol), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c), as well as the level of the ARE activity of PON1 in the sera of patients were measured at the time of infection and one and three months after hospitalization. There was a significant relationship between the G allele and the severity of the disease. In addition, the probability of death in homozygous individuals (GG) was higher than in heterozygous patients (GA), and it was higher in heterozygous patients than in wild-type individuals (AA). There was also a significant relationship between the decrease in serum lipids and the intensity of COVID-19. On the contrary, at the onset of the disease, the HDL-c level and serum ARE activity were reduced compared to one and three months after COVID-19 infection. The findings of this study indicated the significant impact of PON1 rs662 polymorphism on ARE activity, lipid profiles, disease severity, and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7618866749, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abbasi-jorjandi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sharif-zak
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Seyedi
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft 7861756447, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari Haddad
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7619813159, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Zangouey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616914115, Iran
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Kumar S, Maniya N, Wang C, Senapati S, Chang HC. Quantifying PON1 on HDL with nanoparticle-gated electrokinetic membrane sensor for accurate cardiovascular risk assessment. Nat Commun 2023; 14:557. [PMID: 36732521 PMCID: PMC9895453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease-related deaths (one-third of global deaths) can be reduced with a simple screening test for better biomarkers than the current lipid and lipoprotein profiles. We propose using a highly atheroprotective subset of HDL with colocalized PON1 (PON1-HDL) for superior cardiovascular risk assessment. However, direct quantification of HDL proteomic subclasses are complicated by the peroxides/antioxidants associated with HDL interfering with redox reactions in enzymatic calorimetric and electrochemical immunoassays. Hence, we developed an enzyme-free Nanoparticle-Gated Electrokinetic Membrane Sensor (NGEMS) platform for quantification of PON1-HDL in plasma within 60 min, with a sub-picomolar limit of detection, 3-4 log dynamic range and without needing sample pretreatment or individual-sample calibration. Using NGEMS, we report our study on human plasma PON1-HDL as a cardiovascular risk marker with AUC~0.99 significantly outperforming others (AUC~0.6-0.8), including cholesterol/triglycerides tests. Validation for a larger cohort can establish PON1-HDL as a biomarker that can potentially reshape cardiovascular landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Nalin Maniya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Ceming Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Indiana, USA.
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Stadler JT, van Poppel MNM, Christoffersen C, Hill D, Wadsack C, Simmons D, Desoye G, Marsche G. Gestational Hypertension and High-Density Lipoprotein Function: An Explorative Study in Overweight/Obese Women of the DALI Cohort. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:68. [PMID: 36670930 PMCID: PMC9854490 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypertension (GHTN) is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk for mothers and their offspring later in life. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are anti-atherogenic by promoting efflux of cholesterol from macrophages and suppression of endothelial cell activation. Functional impairment of HDL in GHTN-complicated pregnancies may affect long-term health of both mothers and offspring. We studied functional parameters of maternal and neonatal HDL in 192 obese women (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 29), who were at high risk for GHTN. Maternal blood samples were collected longitudinally at <20 weeks, at 24−28 and 35−37 weeks of gestation. Venous cord blood was collected immediately after birth. Maternal and cord blood were used to determine functional parameters of HDL, such as HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, activity of the vaso-protective HDL-associated enzyme paraoxonase-1, and levels of the HDL-associated anti-inflammatory apolipoprotein (apo)M. In addition, we determined serum anti-oxidative capacity. Thirteen percent of the women were diagnosed with GHTN. While we found no changes in measures of HDL function in mothers with GHTN, we observed impaired HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase-1 activity in cord blood, while serum antioxidant capacity was increased. Of particular interest, increased maternal paraoxonase-1 activity and apoM levels in early pregnancy were associated with the risk of developing GHTN. GHTN significantly impairs HDL cholesterol efflux capacity as well as HDL PON1 activity in cord blood and could affect vascular health in offspring. Maternal paraoxonase-1 activity and apoM levels in early pregnancy associate with the risk of developing GHTN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia T. Stadler
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - M. N. M. van Poppel
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Hill
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Simmons
- Macarthur Clinical School, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Michelin AP, Maes MHJ, Supasitthumrong T, Limotai C, Matsumoto AK, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Moreira EG, Kanchanatawan B, Barbosa DS. Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis. World J Psychiatry 2022. [DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Michelin AP, Maes MHJ, Supasitthumrong T, Limotai C, Matsumoto AK, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Moreira EG, Kanchanatawan B, Barbosa DS. Reduced paraoxonase 1 activities may explain the comorbidities between temporal lobe epilepsy and depression, anxiety and psychosis. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:308-322. [PMID: 35317335 PMCID: PMC8900591 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression, anxiety and psychosis. Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1 (PON1) status may occur in TLE and these psychiatric conditions.
AIM To examine PON1 status, namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities, in TLE.
METHODS We recruited 40 normal controls and 104 TLE patients, 27 without comorbidities and 77 with comorbidities including mood disorders (n = 25), anxiety disorders (n = 27) and psychosis (n = 25).
RESULTS Four-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate hydrolysis (CMPAase) and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) with and without psychiatric comorbidities than those in normal controls. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMPAase were 0.893 (0.037) for TLE and 0.895 (± 0.037) for MTS. Partial least squares path analysis showed that there were specific indirect effects of PON1 genotype on TLE severity (P < 0.0001) and psychopathology (P < 0.0001), which were both mediated by lowered CMPAase activity, while arylesterase activity was not significant. The severity of TLE was significantly associated with psychopathology scores. Furthermore, PON1 CMPAase activity was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination score.
CONCLUSION The severity of TLE and comorbidities are to a large extent explained by reduced PON1 enzyme activities and by effects of the Q192R genotype, which are mediated by reduced CMPAase activity. Total PON1 status plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE, MTS and psychiatric comorbidities by increasing the risk of oxidative toxicity. PON1 enzyme activities are new drug targets in TLE to treat seizure frequency and psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-440, Brazil
| | - Michael H J Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv 4004, Bulgaria
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong 3220, Australia
| | | | - Chusak Limotai
- Chulalongkorn Comprehensive Epilepsy Center of Excellence, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Cho KH, Kang DJ, Nam HS, Kim JH, Kim SY, Lee JO, Kim BJ. Ozonated Sunflower Oil Exerted Protective Effect for Embryo and Cell Survival via Potent Reduction Power and Antioxidant Activity in HDL with Strong Antimicrobial Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111651. [PMID: 34829522 PMCID: PMC8614758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozonated sunflower oil (OSO) has potent antimicrobial effects, making it useful for topical applications to treat various skin diseases. On the other hand, regarding mechanistic insight, the antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects of OSO are relatively less known. The current study compared the antioxidant ability and protective ability of OSO on cells and embryos against oxidative stress, such as H2O2 and oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL), to investigate its potential applications for wound-healing and anti-infection. OSO showed potent radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reduction ability that was up to 35% and 42% stronger than sunflower oil (SO) as a control in a dose-dependent manner. Measurement of the wavelength-maximum fluorescence (WMF) of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) revealed different behavior between OSO and SO treatment (final 1–16%). The OSO treatment caused a 12 nm red shift of Trp movement from 345 nm (at 0%) to 357 nm (at 16%), while SO caused a 12 nm blue shift of Trp movement from 345 nm (at 0%) to 333 nm (at 16%). The fluorescence intensity of HDL3 was diminished remarkably by the OSO treatment by up to 80% from the initial level, while SO-treated HDL did not. OSO-treated HDL3 showed slower electromobility with stronger band intensity and bigger HDL particle sizes than those of SO-treated HDL3. The paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity of HDL3 was enhanced by a co-treatment of OSO that was up to 2.3 times higher than HDL3 alone in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the co-treatment of SO even inhibited the PON activity. The cell viability of RAW264.7 by the OSO treatment was 3.3 times higher than the SO treatment at a high dose range (from 10% to 50%, final). The OSO also exhibited more cytoprotective effects than SO in brain microglial cells in the presence of H2O2 (final 0.03%); treatment with OSO impeded apoptosis and reduced ROS production more than an SO treatment did. In the presence of H2O2 alone, 86 ± 5% of the embryos were killed by cell explosion after 24 h, but a co-treatment of OSO (final 4%) resulted in almost no embryo death (98% survivability). Injection of oxLDL (15 ng of protein) into zebrafish embryos caused acute death, while the co-injection of OSO (final 2%) resulted in 2.8 times higher survivability than oxLDL alone. These results suggest new effects of ozonated oil, such as enhanced antioxidant activity, more cytoprotective ability, and higher embryo protection against oxidative stress. These results may be useful in developing new methods for the quality control of ozonated oil and an assessment of its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hyun Cho
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.-S.N.); (J.-H.K.)
- LipoLab, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-964-1990; Fax: +82-53-965-1992
| | - Dae-Jin Kang
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.-S.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Hyo-Seon Nam
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.-S.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Ju-Hyun Kim
- Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Korea; (D.-J.K.); (H.-S.N.); (J.-H.K.)
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-O.L.); (B.-J.K.)
| | - Jung-Ok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-O.L.); (B.-J.K.)
| | - Beom-Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea; (S.-Y.K.); (J.-O.L.); (B.-J.K.)
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Lee CK, Liao CW, Meng SW, Wu WK, Chiang JY, Wu MS. Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080985. [PMID: 34440189 PMCID: PMC8393881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, intervention devices and techniques, residual cardiovascular risks still cause a large burden on public health. Whilst most guidelines encourage achieving target levels of specific lipids and lipoproteins to reduce these risks, increasing evidence has shown that molecular modification of these lipoproteins also has a critical impact on their atherogenicity. Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation, glycation, peroxidation, apolipoprotein C-III adhesion, and the small dense subtype largely augment its atherogenicity. Post-translational modification by oxidation, carbamylation, glycation, and imbalance of molecular components can reduce the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for reverse cholesterol transport. Elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein C-III and lipoprotein(a), and a decreased level of apolipoprotein A-I are closely associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing TGs, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein C-III, and enhancing apolipoprotein A-1 are undergoing trials, and promising preliminary results have been reported. In this review, we aim to update the evidence on modifications of major lipid and lipoprotein components, including LDL, HDL, TG, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). We also discuss examples of translating findings from basic research to potential therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kuo Lee
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Meng
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yang Chiang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (M.-S.W.)
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (M.-S.W.)
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10
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Trakaki A, Marsche G. Current Understanding of the Immunomodulatory Activities of High-Density Lipoproteins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060587. [PMID: 34064071 PMCID: PMC8224331 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins interact with immune cells, macrophages and endothelial cells - key players of the innate and adaptive immune system. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles seem to have evolved as part of the innate immune system since certain HDL subspecies contain combinations of apolipoproteins with immune regulatory functions. HDL is enriched in anti-inflammatory lipids, such as sphingosine-1-phosphate and certain saturated lysophospholipids. HDL reduces inflammation and protects against infection by modulating immune cell function, vasodilation and endothelial barrier function. HDL suppresses immune cell activation at least in part by modulating the cholesterol content in cholesterol/sphingolipid-rich membrane domains (lipid rafts), which play a critical role in the compartmentalization of signaling pathways. Acute infections, inflammation or autoimmune diseases lower HDL cholesterol levels and significantly alter HDL metabolism, composition and function. Such alterations could have a major impact on disease progression and may affect the risk for infections and cardiovascular disease. This review article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the immune cell modulatory activities of HDL. We focus on newly discovered activities of HDL-associated apolipoproteins, enzymes, lipids, and HDL mimetic peptides.
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11
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Khodarahmi A, Javidmehr D, Eshaghian A, Ghoreshi ZAS, Karimollah A, Yousefi H, Moradi A. Curcumin exerts hepatoprotection via overexpression of Paraoxonase-1 and its regulatory genes in rats undergone bile duct ligation. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:969-977. [PMID: 34592082 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Curcumin is described as an antioxidant, hepato-protective and antifibrotic in liver fibrosis, although its mechanism is still not known. One of the models of the chronic liver disease stemming from oxidative stress and the generation of free radical has been considered to be bile duct ligation (BDL). Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a prominent antioxidant enzyme. Therefore, the objective of the present research is to assess the effects of curcumin on upregulation of PON1 in BDL rats. METHODS As predicted, the rats have been divided into the four groups of Sham, Sham + Cur (curcumin), BDL and BDL + Cur. We evaluated the efficacy of curcumin (100 mg/kg/day) on protein and gene expression of PON1 and regulatory genes contributed to the gene expression PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and regulation PON1 activity gene expression of Apo A1. RESULTS Curcumin attenuated alterations in liver histology, hepatic enzymes and the mRNA expression of fibrotic markers (p<0.05). In addition, curcumin increased significantly mRNA, protein expression of PON1 and mRNA of the genes that are contributed to the expression of PON1 such as Sp1, PKCα, SREBP-2, AhR, JNK and increased PON1 activity through upregulation of Apo A1 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Cirrhosis progression may be inhibited by treatment with curcumin through the increased influence the expression and activity of PON1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameneh Khodarahmi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Davoud Javidmehr
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Azam Eshaghian
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zohreh-Al-Sadat Ghoreshi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Alireza Karimollah
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Moradi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
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12
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Benlloch M, Cuerda-Ballester M, Drehmer E, Platero JL, Carrera-Juliá S, López-Rodríguez MM, Ceron JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, Navarro MÁ, Moreno ML, de la Rubia Ortí JE. Possible Reduction of Cardiac Risk after Supplementation with Epigallocatechin Gallate and Increase of Ketone Bodies in the Blood in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123792. [PMID: 33322022 PMCID: PMC7763038 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that causes anthropometric changes characterised by functional disability, increase in fat mass, and decrease in lean mass. All these variables are related to a greater cardiac risk. The polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and an increase in ketone bodies in the blood have been shown to have beneficial effects on anthropometric and biochemical variables related to cardiovascular activity. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of the intervention with EGCG and ketone bodies on cardiac risk in MS patients. A population of 51 MS patients were randomly assigned to a control group and an intervention group (daily dose of 800 mg of EGCG and 60 mL of coconut oil). Both groups followed an isocaloric diet for 4 months. Levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), albumin, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in serum before and after the intervention, as well as determining functional ability, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), fat percentage and muscle percentage. After 4 months, in the intervention group there was a significant increase in BHB, PON1 and albumin, while CRP did not vary; a significant decrease in cardiac risk associated with a significant decline in WHR; as well as a significant increase in muscle percentage. By contrast, these changes were not observed in the control group. Finally, results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant time–condition interaction effect, observing that WHtR and fat mass decreased in the intervention group, while they increased in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Benlloch
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Espartero, 7, 46007 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Cuerda-Ballester
- Doctoral Degree School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-B.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Eraci Drehmer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900 Torrente, Valencia, Spain; (E.D.); (M.Á.N.)
| | - Jose Luis Platero
- Doctoral Degree School, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain; (M.C.-B.); (J.L.P.)
| | - Sandra Carrera-Juliá
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Quevedo, 2, 46001 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María Mar López-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera Sacramento, C/San Urbano, s/n, La Cañada, 04120 Almería, Spain;
| | - Jose Joaquin Ceron
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.J.C.); (A.T.)
| | - Marí Ángeles Navarro
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900 Torrente, Valencia, Spain; (E.D.); (M.Á.N.)
| | - Mari Luz Moreno
- Department of Basic Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Ramiro de Maeztu, 14, 46900 Torrente, Valencia, Spain; (E.D.); (M.Á.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (J.E.d.l.R.O.); Tel.: +34-96-363-74-12 (ext. 5538) (M.L.M.); +34-96-363-74-12 (ext. 44014) (J.E.d.l.R.O.)
| | - Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, C/Espartero, 7, 46007 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.L.M.); (J.E.d.l.R.O.); Tel.: +34-96-363-74-12 (ext. 5538) (M.L.M.); +34-96-363-74-12 (ext. 44014) (J.E.d.l.R.O.)
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13
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Márquez AB, Nazir S, van der Vorst EP. High-Density Lipoprotein Modifications: A Pathological Consequence or Cause of Disease Progression? Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8120549. [PMID: 33260660 PMCID: PMC7759904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) is well-known for its cardioprotective effects, as it possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-thrombotic, and cytoprotective properties. Traditionally, studies and therapeutic approaches have focused on raising HDL cholesterol levels. Recently, it became evident that, not HDL cholesterol, but HDL composition and functionality, is probably a more fruitful target. In disorders, such as chronic kidney disease or cardiovascular diseases, it has been observed that HDL is modified and becomes dysfunctional. There are different modification that can occur, such as serum amyloid, an enrichment and oxidation, carbamylation, and glycation of key proteins. Additionally, the composition of HDL can be affected by changes to enzymes such as cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) or by modification to other important components. This review will highlight some main modifications to HDL and discuss whether these modifications are purely a consequential result of pathology or are actually involved in the pathology itself and have a causal role. Therefore, HDL composition may present a molecular target for the amelioration of certain diseases, but more information is needed to determine to what extent HDL modifications play a causal role in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bonnin Márquez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sumra Nazir
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Emiel P.C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.B.M.); (S.N.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-36914
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14
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Maes M, Sirivichayakul S, Matsumoto AK, Michelin AP, de Oliveira Semeão L, de Lima Pedrão JV, Moreira EG, Barbosa DS, Carvalho AF, Solmi M, Kanchanatawan B. Lowered Antioxidant Defenses and Increased Oxidative Toxicity Are Hallmarks of Deficit Schizophrenia: a Nomothetic Network Psychiatry Approach. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:4578-4597. [PMID: 32754898 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02047-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is now evidence that schizophrenia and deficit schizophrenia are neuro-immune conditions and that oxidative stress toxicity (OSTOX) may play a pathophysiological role. Aims of the study: to compare OSTOX biomarkers and antioxidant (ANTIOX) defenses in deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia. We examined lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and PON1 Q192R genotypes, and total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP) as well as immune biomarkers in patients with deficit (n = 40) and non-deficit (n = 40) schizophrenia and healthy controls (n = 40). Deficit schizophrenia is characterized by significantly increased levels of AOPP and lowered -SH, and PON1 activity, while no changes in the OSTOX/ANTIOX biomarkers were found in non-deficit schizophrenia. An increased OSTOX/ANTIOX ratio was significantly associated with deficit versus non-deficit schizophrenia (odds ratio = 3.15, p < 0.001). Partial least squares analysis showed that 47.6% of the variance in a latent vector extracted from psychosis, excitation, hostility, mannerism, negative symptoms, psychomotor retardation, formal thought disorders, and neurocognitive test scores was explained by LOOH+AOPP, PON1 genotype + activity, CCL11, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IgA responses to neurotoxic tryptophan catabolites (TRYCATs), whereas -SH groups and IgM responses to MDA showed indirect effects mediated by OSTOX and neuro-immune biomarkers. When overall severity of schizophrenia increases, multiple immune and oxidative (especially protein oxidation indicating chlorinative stress) neurotoxicities and impairments in immune-protective resilience become more prominent and shape a distinct nosological entity, namely deficit schizophrenia. The nomothetic network psychiatry approach allows building causal-pathway-phenotype models using machine learning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Andressa Keiko Matsumoto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Semeão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - João Victor de Lima Pedrão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Decio S Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Marco Solmi
- Neurosciences Department, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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15
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Martínez-Micaelo N, Ligero C, Antequera-González B, Junza A, Yanes O, Alegret JM. Plasma Metabolomic Profiling Associates Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease and Ascending Aortic Dilation with a Decrease in Antioxidant Capacity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072215. [PMID: 32668689 PMCID: PMC7408840 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common cardiac congenital disease and is associated with an increased risk of developing ascending aorta dilation; which can have fatal consequences. Currently; no established risk biomarkers exist to facilitate the diagnosis and prognosis of BAV. METHODS Using an untargeted metabolomic approach; we identified the levels of metabolites in plasma samples and compared them depending on the bicuspid or tricuspid morphology of the aortic valve. Including those patients with ascending aortic dilation and/or aortic stenosis (n = 212), we analyzed the role possibly played by alpha-Tocopherol in BAV disease; considering its association with the pathophysiological characteristics of BAV and biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial damage, as well as characteristics related to alpha-Tocopherol functionality and metabolism. RESULTS We found that BAV patients; especially those with ascending aortic dilation; presented lower antioxidant capacity; as determined by decreased plasma levels of alpha-Tocopherol; paraoxonase 1 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), as well as increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP; a biomarker of inflammation) and endothelial microparticles (EMPs; an endothelial damage biomarker). By applying random forest analyses; we evaluated the significant screening capacity of alpha-Tocopherol; CRP and EMPs to classify patients depending on the morphology of the aortic valve. DISCUSSION Our findings support the role of decreased antioxidant capacity; increased inflammation and endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of BAV and the progression of aortic dilation. Moreover; determining the plasma levels of alpha-Tocopherol; CRP and EMPs could improve BAV diagnosis in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martínez-Micaelo
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.L.); (B.A.-G.)
- Correspondence: (N.M.-M.); (J.M.A.); Tel.: +34-977310300 (N.M.-M.); Fax: +34-977315144 (N.M.-M.)
| | - Carme Ligero
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.L.); (B.A.-G.)
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Borja Antequera-González
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.L.); (B.A.-G.)
| | - Alexandra Junza
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.); (O.Y.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Yanes
- Metabolomics Platform, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain; (A.J.); (O.Y.)
- Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep M. Alegret
- Grup de Recerca Cardiovascular, Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain; (C.L.); (B.A.-G.)
- Servei de Cardiologia, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.M.-M.); (J.M.A.); Tel.: +34-977310300 (N.M.-M.); Fax: +34-977315144 (N.M.-M.)
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16
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Lioudaki S, Verikokos C, Kouraklis G, Ioannou C, Chatziioannou E, Perrea D, Klonaris C. Paraoxonase-1: Characteristics and Role in Atherosclerosis and Carotid Artery Disease. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:141-146. [PMID: 29189170 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666171129212359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a calcium-dependent enzyme that is synthesized in the liver and then secreted in blood where it is bound to high density lipoprotein (HDL). PON-1 is a hydrolase with a wide range of substrates, including lipid peroxides. It is considered responsible for many of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL. PON-1 prevents low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, a process that is considered to contribute to the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. PON-1 activity and levels are influenced by gene polymorphisms; of the 2 common variants, one is in position 192 (Q192R) and one in position 55 (M55L). Also, many drugs affect PON-1 activity. The role of PON-1 in carotid atherosclerosis is inconsistent. Some studies show an association of PON-1 polymorphisms with carotid plaque formation, whereas others do not. The aim of this review is to summarize the characteristics of PON-1, its interactions with drugs and its role in atherosclerosis and especially its relationship with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lioudaki
- Vascular Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - C Verikokos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, "Laiko Hospital", Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - G Kouraklis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, "Laiko Hospital", Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Ioannou
- Vascular Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School of Crete, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - E Chatziioannou
- Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - D Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - C Klonaris
- 1st Department of Surgery, "Laiko Hospital", Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Jimenez P, Garcia P, Quitral V, Vasquez K, Parra-Ruiz C, Reyes-Farias M, Garcia-Diaz DF, Robert P, Encina C, Soto-Covasich J. Pulp, Leaf, Peel and Seed of Avocado Fruit: A Review of Bioactive Compounds and Healthy Benefits. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2020.1717520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jimenez
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Garcia
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vilma Quitral
- Escuela De Nutricion Y Dietetica, Facultad De Salud, Universidad Santo Tomas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karla Vasquez
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Parra-Ruiz
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjorie Reyes-Farias
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego F Garcia-Diaz
- Departamento De Nutricion, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Robert
- Departamento De Ciencia De Los Alimentos Y Tecnologia Quimica, Facultad De Ciencias Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Encina
- Departamento De Ciencia De Los Alimentos Y Tecnologia Quimica, Facultad De Ciencias Quimicas Y Farmaceuticas, Universidad De Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jessica Soto-Covasich
- Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnologia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso-Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria
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18
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Lioudaki S, Verikokos C, Kouraklis G, Kontopodis N, Markakis G, Ioannou C, Daskalopoulou A, Perrea D, Klonaris C. Paraoxonase-1 and Symptomatic Status in Carotid Artery Disease. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 64:355-360. [PMID: 31626928 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) is a high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-associated hydrolase that appears to have a protective action against atherosclerosis. The aim of our study is to identify whether PON-1 levels may be associated with the manifestation of symptoms in patients with carotid artery stenosis. METHODS We studied all patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy in the Vascular Surgery Department of Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece, from July 2012 to July 2014. Medical history was recorded and PON-1 glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides levels were measured. Variables were compared between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the accuracy of PON-1 to predict symptoms. RESULTS A total of 74 patients were included, 41 were asymptomatic and the mean age was 68.5 years. The 2 groups appear to differ significantly with regards to the PON-1 levels, with the symptomatic group showing lower levels (5.3 ± 1.19 vs. 4.6 ± 1.36 ng/mL; P = 0.025). ROC analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.654 (P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS Reduced PON-1 levels showed a significant association with symptomatic status, which was independent of other traditional cardiovascular factors. Further studies are required to prospectively assess the role of PON-1 in predicting cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Lioudaki
- 2nd Department of Surgery, "Laikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Verikokos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, "Laikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Grigorios Kouraklis
- 2nd Department of Surgery, "Laikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Georgios Markakis
- School of Health and Welfare Services, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos Ioannou
- Vascular Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aphrodite Daskalopoulou
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despina Perrea
- Laboratory for Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research "N.S. Christeas", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Klonaris
- 1st Department of Surgery, "Laikon Hospital", Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Moreira EG, Boll KM, Correia DG, Soares JF, Rigobello C, Maes M. Why Should Psychiatrists and Neuroscientists Worry about Paraoxonase 1? Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:1004-1020. [PMID: 30592255 PMCID: PMC7052826 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181227164947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitro-oxidative stress (NOS) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The activity of the polymorphic antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is altered in diseases where NOS is involved. PON1 activity may be estimated using different substrates some of which are influenced by PON1 polymorphisms. OBJECTIVES 1) to review the association between PON1 activities and psychiatric diseases using a standardized PON1 substrate terminology in order to offer a state-of-the-art review; and 2) to review the efficacy of different strategies (nutrition, drugs, lifestyle) to enhance PON1 activities. METHODS The PubMed database was searched using the terms paraoxonase 1 and psychiatric diseases. Moreover, the database was also searched for clinical trials investigating strategies to enhance PON1 activity. RESULTS The studies support decreased PON1 activity as determined using phenylacetate (i.e., arylesterase or AREase) as a substrate, in depression, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and schizophrenia, especially in antipsychotic-free patients. PON1 activity as determined with paraoxon (i.e., POase activity) yields more controversial results, which can be explained by the lack of adjustment for the Q192R polymorphism. The few clinical trials investigating the influence of nutritional, lifestyle and drugs on PON1 activities in the general population suggest that some polyphenols, oleic acid, Mediterranean diet, no smoking, being physically active and statins may be effective strategies that increase PON1 activity. CONCLUSION Lowered PON1 activities appear to be a key component in the ongoing NOS processes that accompany affective disorders, GAD and schizophrenia. Treatments increasing attenuated PON1 activity could possibly be new drug targets for treating these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Gastaldello Moreira
- Address correspondence to this author at the Departamento de Ciencias Fisiologicas, Lab. 6; Centro de Ciências Biologicas, CEP 86057-970, Londrina, PR Brazil; Tel: +55 (43) 3371-4307; E-mail:
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Untersteller K, Meissl S, Trieb M, Emrich IE, Zawada AM, Holzer M, Knuplez E, Fliser D, Heine GH, Marsche G. HDL functionality and cardiovascular outcome among nondialysis chronic kidney disease patients. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1256-1265. [PMID: 29789355 PMCID: PMC6027904 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p085076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CVD remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD profoundly affects HDL composition and functionality, but whether abnormal HDL independently contributes to cardiovascular events in CKD patients remains elusive. In the present study, we assessed whether compositional and functional properties of HDL predict cardiovascular outcome among 526 nondialysis CKD patients who participate in the CARE FOR HOMe study. We measured HDL cholesterol, the content of HDL-associated proinflammatory serum amyloid A (SAA), and activities of the HDL enzymes paraoxonase and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). In addition, we assessed the antioxidative activity of apoB-depleted serum. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 ± 2.1 years, 153 patients reached the predefined primary endpoint, a composite of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events including cardiovascular mortality and death of any cause. In univariate Cox regression analyses, lower HDL-cholesterol levels, higher HDL-associated SAA content, and lower paraoxonase activity predicted cardiovascular outcome, while Lp-PLA2 activity and antioxidative capacity did not. HDL-cholesterol and HDL-paraoxonase activity lost their association with cardiovascular outcome after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular and renal risk factors, while SAA lost its association after further adjustment for C-reactive protein. In conclusion, our data suggest that neither HDL quantity nor HDL composition or function independently predict cardiovascular outcome among nondialysis CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Untersteller
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Meissl
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Trieb
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Insa E Emrich
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Adam M Zawada
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Michael Holzer
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva Knuplez
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunnar H Heine
- Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria .,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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Maes M, Bonifacio KL, Morelli NR, Vargas HO, Moreira EG, St Stoyanov D, Barbosa DS, Carvalho AF, Nunes SOV. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:489-510. [PMID: 29736827 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that nitro-oxidative pathways play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and maybe anxiety disorders. The current study aims to examine superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and uric acid (UA) in participants with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occurring or not with BD, MDD, or tobacco use disorder. Z unit-weighted composite scores were computed as indices of nitro-oxidative stress driving lipid and protein oxidation. SOD1, LOOH, NOx, and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL and PON1 significantly lower in participants with GAD than in those without GAD. GAD was more adequately predicted by increased SOD + LOOH + NOx and lowered HDL + PON1 composite scores. Composite scores of nitro-oxidative stress coupled with aldehyde and AOPP production were significantly increased in participants with comorbid GAD + MDD as compared with all other study groups, namely MDD, GAD + BD, BD, GAD, and healthy controls. In conclusion, GAD is characterized by increased nitro-oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defenses, while increased uric acid levels in GAD may protect against aldehyde production and protein oxidation. This study suggests that increased nitro-oxidative stress and especially increased SOD1 activity, NO production, and lipid peroxidation as well as lowered HDL-cholesterol and PON1 activity could be novel drug targets for GAD especially when comorbid with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv and Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Kamila Landucci Bonifacio
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nayara Rampazzo Morelli
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Drozdstoy St Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv and Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Liu X, Garban J, Jones PJ, Vanden Heuvel J, Lamarche B, Jenkins DJ, Connelly PW, Couture P, Pu S, Fleming JA, West SG, Kris-Etherton PM. Diets Low in Saturated Fat with Different Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles Similarly Increase Serum-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux from THP-1 Macrophages in a Population with or at Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: The Canola Oil Multicenter Intervention Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:721-728. [PMID: 30053283 PMCID: PMC6669947 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cholesterol efflux plays an important role in preventing atherosclerosis progression. Vegetable oils with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles favorably affect multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors; however, their effects on cholesterol efflux remain unclear. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of diets low in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) with varying unsaturated fatty acid profiles on serum-mediated cholesterol efflux and its association with the plasma lipophilic index and central obesity. Methods The present study is a randomized, crossover, controlled-feeding study. Participants [men: n = 50; women: n = 51; mean ± SE age: 49.5 ± 1.2 y; body mass index (in kg/m2): 29.4 ± 0.4] at risk for or with metabolic syndrome (MetS) were randomly assigned to 5 isocaloric diets containing the treatment oils: canola oil, high oleic acid-canola oil, DHA-enriched high oleic acid-canola oil, corn oil and safflower oil blend, and flax oil and safflower oil blend. These treatment oils were incorporated into smoothies that participants consumed 2 times/d. For a 3000-kcal diet, 60 g of treatment oil was required to provide 18% of total energy per day. Each diet period was 4 wk followed by a 2- to 4-wk washout period. We quantified cholesterol efflux capacity with a validated ex vivo high-throughput cholesterol efflux assay. Statistical analyses were performed with the use of the SAS mixed-model procedure. Results The 5 diets increased serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 macrophages similarly by 39%, 34%, 55%, 49% and 51%, respectively, compared with baseline (P < 0.05 for all). Waist circumference and abdominal adiposity were negatively correlated with serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (r = -0.25, P = 0.01, r = -0.33, P = 0.02, respectively). Conclusion Diets low in SFAs with different monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles improved serum-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity in individuals with or at risk for MetS. This mechanism may account, in part, for the cardiovascular disease benefits of diets low in SFAs and high in unsaturated fatty acids. Importantly, central obesity is inversely associated with cholesterol efflux capacity. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01351012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Liu
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Josephine Garban
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Peter J Jones
- Richardson Center for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Jack Vanden Heuvel
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Benoît Lamarche
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - David J Jenkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Philip W Connelly
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Shuaihua Pu
- Departments of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Jennifer A Fleming
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Sheila G West
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Penny M Kris-Etherton
- Departments of Nutritional Sciences, Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, and Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA,Address correspondence to PMK-E (e-mail: )
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Tajbakhsh A, Rezaee M, Rivandi M, Forouzanfar F, Afzaljavan F, Pasdar A. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and stroke; the dilemma of genetic variation. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1298-1305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Unregulated uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophages to form foam cells is the hallmark for atherosclerosis. The paraoxonase (PON) family of enzymes plays a critical role in attenuating atherosclerotic lesion formation by hydrolyzing lipid peroxides (LOOHs) and preventing the oxidation of LDL particles and by enhancing HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux. Findings in recent years suggest novel mechanisms by which PON isoforms interact with macrophages to regulate cholesterol metabolism and cellular function. RECENT FINDINGS The association of PON with HDL particles facilitates binding of the particle to macrophages and ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux. The hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids by PON generates lysophosphatidylcholine which is shown to regulate expression of cholesterol transport proteins. The PON family also regulates multiple aspects of macrophage function. PON attenuates inflammation and prevents induction of apoptosis via activation of a scavenger receptor class B type-1-dependent signaling mechanism. PON limits macrophage-dependent oxidant formation by preventing the activation of the membrane-associated NADPH oxidase and by stabilizing mitochondria. PON also promotes the differentiation of macrophages to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. This function appears to be independent of PON enzymatic activity and, rather, is dependent on the ability of endogenous sulfhydryls to neutralize pro-inflammatory peroxides. SUMMARY In recent years, the therapeutic efficacy of HDL-based therapies has been subject to dispute. Pharmacological approaches that target an increase in the expression and/or activity of PON may facilitate macrophage cholesterol metabolism and attenuate inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Roger White
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Address correspondence to: C. Roger White, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Zeigler Research Building, Room 1046, 703 19th Street S, Birmingham, AL 35294, Tel 205-934-1296,
| | - G.M. Anantharamaiah
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Saryono S, Eliyan J, Herdiati D, Khikmatullah AA, Silvana CP, Adi HP. Anti-atherogenic properties of Deglet Noor Date seeds (Phoenix dactylifera) Methanol extract on Diet-Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/172/1/012046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Gender-specific association of oxidative stress and inflammation with cardiovascular risk factors in Arab population. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:512603. [PMID: 25918477 PMCID: PMC4397026 DOI: 10.1155/2015/512603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The impact of gender difference on the association between metabolic stress and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. We have investigated, for the first time, the gender effect on the oxidative and inflammatory stress responses and assessed their correlation with classical cardiometabolites in Arab population. Methods. A total of 378 adult Arab participants (193 females) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Plasma levels of CRP, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, ROS, TBARs, and PON1 were measured and correlated with anthropometric and cardiometabolite parameters of the study population. Results. Compared to females, males had significantly higher FBG, HbA1c, TG, and blood pressure but lower BMI, TC, and HDL (P < 0.05). After adjustment for BMI and WC, females had higher levels of ROS, TBARS, and CRP (P < 0.001) whereas males had increased levels of IL-8, IL-6, and TNF-α (P < 0.05). Moreover, after adjustment for age, BMI, and gender, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and ROS were associated with central obesity but not general obesity. Conclusion. Inflammation and oxidative stress contribution to CVD risk in Arab population linked to gender and this risk is better reflected by central obesity. Arab females might be at risk of CVD complications due to increased oxidative stress.
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Rached FH, Chapman MJ, Kontush A. HDL particle subpopulations: Focus on biological function. Biofactors 2015; 41:67-77. [PMID: 25809447 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) constitute an independent biomarker of cardiovascular morbi-mortality. However, recent advances have drastically modified the classical and limited view of HDL as a carrier of 'good cholesterol', and have revealed unexpected levels of complexity in the circulating HDL particle pool. HDL particles are indeed highly heterogeneous in structure, intravascular metabolism and biological activity. This review describes recent progress in our understanding of HDL subpopulations and their biological activities, and focuses on relationships between the structural, compositional and functional heterogeneity of HDL particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana H Rached
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMR-ICAN 1166, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpétrière University Hospital, ICAN, Paris, France; Heart Institute-InCor, University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Turgay F, Şişman AR, Aksu AÇ. Effects of anaerobic training on paraoxonase-1 enzyme (PON1) activities of high density lipoprotein subgroups and its relationship with PON1-Q192R phenotype. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:313-26. [PMID: 25735253 DOI: 10.5551/jat.25809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Paraoxonase-1 (PON1) is an antiatherosclerotic enzyme located on high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The effects of anaerobic exercise on PON1 activity are unknown. Here we investigated the effects of anaerobic judo training on three different activities of same PON1 enzyme (TDPON1), including basal PON1, salt-stimulated PON1 (SPON1), and arylesterase (AE) activities, of serum, HDL, and HDL subgroups (HDLs; HDL and its subgroups) and its relationship with PON1-Q192R phenotype (PON1P). METHODS Our study included 18 Turkish national female judoists (mean age: 17.9 ± 0.8 years). Before and after 5 months of anaerobic training, critical speed (CS), TDPON1 activities, cholesterol levels in the serum and supernatants of HDLs obtained by polyethylene glycol, and other major blood lipids and lipoproteins (BLLPs) including triglycerides were determined using blood samples taken after overnight fasting. PON1P groups (PGs) were categorized as QQ (QG; persons with low activity) and R carriers (QR + RR) (RG; persons with high activity) according to SPON1/AE activity ratios. The results were considered statistically significant at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Anaerobic training resulted in significantly increased the cholesterol levels of HDLs (except HDL2-C) in all subjects, but not HDLs-C in PGs. Anaerobic training resulted in significant increases in most TDPON1 activities of serum and HDLs in all subjects and (except AE) in PGs, whereas SPON1 and HDL2 AE activities increased only in the RG, which was related to PON1P. However, PON1P was not related to other measured markers, including basal BLLP profiles. CONCLUSIONS Anaerobic training improved most TDPON1 activities of serum and HDLs and HDLs -C levels (except HDL2-C) in all subjects, but not HDLs-C in PGs. The beneficial effects of anaerobic training on SPON1 and HDL2 AE activities were depend on PON1P. The lack of response of HDL2-C to anaerobic exercise will require further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faruk Turgay
- Ege University School of PhysicalEducation and Sport, Department of Sport Health Sciences
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Onat A, Altuğ Çakmak H, Can G, Yüksel M, Köroğlu B, Yüksel H. Serum total and high-density lipoprotein phospholipids: Independent predictive value for cardiometabolic risk. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:815-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Aviram M. HDL3 stimulates paraoxonase 1 antiatherogenic catalytic and biological activities in a macrophage model system: in vivo and in vitro studies. Biofactors 2014; 40:536-45. [PMID: 25230879 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed in-vivo and in-vitro high density lipoprotein (HDL) effects on paraoxonase 1 (PON1) antiatherogenic properties in serum and in macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection to C57BL/6 mice of recombinant PON1 (rePON1) + HDL, in comparison to HDL or to rePON1 alone, significantly increased serum PON1 arylesterase activity (by 20%), and serum-mediated cholesterol efflux from J774A.1 macrophages (by 18%). Similarly, in peritoneal macrophages (MPM) harvested from mice injected with HDL + rePON1 versus rePON1 alone, we observed reduction in oxidative stress (by 11%), increase in cellular PON1 activity (by 14%) and in HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux (by 38%). Incubation of serum or HDL with rePON1, substantially increased PON1 arylesterase activity, two-fold more than the expected additive values. HDL2 and HDL3 increased PON1 activity by 199% or 274%, respectively. Macrophage (J774A.1) cholesterol efflux rate significantly increased by HDL3 + rePON1 versus HDL3 alone (by 19%), but not by HDL2 + rePON1 versus HDL2 alone. Oxidation of HDL3 reduced its ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux, and abolished HDL3 stimulatory effects on rePON1. Addition of exogenous polyphenol quercetin (60 µM), but not phosphatidylcholine or apolipoprotein A1, to HDL + rePON1 increased PON1 activity (by 404%), increased the ability to reduce oxidative stress in J774A.1 macrophages (by 53%) and to stimulate macrophage cholesterol efflux (by 14%). Upon adding the hypocholesterolemic drug simvastatin (15 µg/mL) to HDL + rePON1, PON1 activity and the ability to induce macrophage cholesterol efflux increased, in comparison to HDL + rePON1. We thus concluded that HDL (mostly HDL3), stimulates PON1 antiatherogenic activities in macrophages, and these PON1 activities were further stimulated by quercetin, or by simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, the Technion Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion- Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Ginsberg G, Sonawane B, Nath R, Lewandowski P. Methylmercury-induced inhibition of paraoxonase-1 (PON1)-implications for cardiovascular risk. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1004-1023. [PMID: 25072822 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.919837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) has been associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease in some but not all epidemiology studies. These inconsistent results may stem from the fact that exposure typically occurs in the context of fish consumption, which is also associated with cardioprotective factors such as omega-3 fatty acids. Mechanistic information may help to understand whether MeHg represents a risk to cardiovascular health. MeHg is a pro-oxidant that inactivates protein sulfhydryls. These biochemical effects may diminish critical antioxidant defense mechanism(s) involved in protecting against atherosclerosis. One such defense mechanism is paraoxonase-1 (PON1), an enzyme present on high-density lipoproteins and that prevents the oxidation of blood lipids and their deposition in vascular endothelium. PON1 is potentially useful as a clinical biomarker of cardiovascular risk, as well as a critical enzyme in the detoxification of certain organophosphate oxons. MeHg and other metals are known to inhibit PON1 activity in vitro. MeHg is associated with lowered serum PON1 activity in a fish-eating population. The implications of lowering PON1 are evaluated by predicting the shift in PON1 population distribution induced by various doses of MeHg. An MeHg dose of 0.3 μg/kg/d is estimated to decrease the population average PON1 level by 6.1% and to increase population risk of acute cardiovascular events by 9.7%. This evaluation provides a plausible mechanism for MeHg-induced cardiovascular risk and suggests means to quantify the risk. This case study exemplifies the use of upstream disease biomarkers to evaluate the additive effect of chemical toxicity with background disease processes in assessing human risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ginsberg
- a Connecticut Department of Public Health , Hartford , Connecticut , USA
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Gómez-Díaz RA, García-Bello JA, Mondragón-González R, Díaz-Flores M, Valladares-Salgado A, Gallardo JM, Talavera JO, Wacher NH. Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease: PON1 and Treatment Modality. Arch Med Res 2013; 44:645-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Li R, Navab M, Pakbin P, Ning Z, Navab K, Hough G, Morgan TE, Finch CE, Araujo JA, Fogelman AM, Sioutas C, Hsiai T. Ambient ultrafine particles alter lipid metabolism and HDL anti-oxidant capacity in LDLR-null mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1608-1615. [PMID: 23564731 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m035014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The redox-active ultrafine particles (UFPs) promote vascular oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. We hypothesized that UFPs modulated lipid metabolism and anti-oxidant capacity of high density lipoprotein (HDL) with an implication in atherosclerotic lesion size. Fat-fed low density lipoprotein receptor-null (LDLR⁻/⁻ mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or UFPs for 10 weeks with or without administering an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide made of D-amino acids, D-4F. LDLR⁻/⁻ mice exposed to UFPs developed a reduced plasma HDL level (P < 0.01), paraoxonase activity (P < 0.01), and HDL anti-oxidant capacity (P < 0.05); but increased LDL oxidation, free oxidized fatty acids, triglycerides, serum amyloid A (P < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.05), accompanied by a 62% increase in the atherosclerotic lesion ratio of the en face aortic staining and a 220% increase in the cross-sectional lesion area of the aortic sinus (P < 0.001). D-4F administration significantly attenuated these changes. UFP exposure promoted pro-atherogenic lipid metabolism and reduced HDL anti-oxidant capacity in fat-fed LDLR⁻/⁻ mice, associated with a greater atherosclerotic lesion size compared with FA-exposed animals. D-4F attenuated UFP-mediated pro-atherogenic effects, suggesting the role of lipid oxidation underlying UFP-mediated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongsong Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Mohamad Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Payam Pakbin
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zhi Ning
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kaveh Navab
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Greg Hough
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Todd E Morgan
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Caleb E Finch
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jesus A Araujo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Alan M Fogelman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tzung Hsiai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; and.
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Marsche G, Saemann MD, Heinemann A, Holzer M. Inflammation alters HDL composition and function: Implications for HDL-raising therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 137:341-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rejeb J, Omezzine A, Rebhi L, Boumaiza I, Mabrouk H, Rhif H, Rejeb NB, Nabli N, Douki W, Abdelaziz AB, Boughzala E, Bouslama A. Association of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms with PON1 activity and significant coronary stenosis in a Tunisian population. Biochem Genet 2012; 51:76-91. [PMID: 23053877 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-012-9544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PON1 and PON2 have attracted considerable attention as candidate genes for coronary heart disease because their enzymes function as key factors in lipoprotein catabolism pathways. We studied the distribution of PON1 and PON2 polymorphisms, including genotyping, lipid profile, and PON1 activity, and their association with PON1 activity and significant coronary stenosis (SCS) in a Tunisian population. PON1 activity was lower in patients with SCS than in controls. It increased with the R allele (QQ < QR < RR) in PON1-192 genotypes and with the L allele (MM < ML < LL) in PON1-55 genotypes. In the presence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes, PON1-192RR and PON2-311CC were associated with an increased risk of SCS and PON1-55MM seems to have lower risk. This association was evident among nonsmokers for PON1-55MM and among smokers for PON1-192RR and PON2-311CC. The GTGC haplotype seemed to increase the risk of SCS compared with the wild haplotype in a Tunisian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihène Rejeb
- Department of Biochemistry, UR MSP 28/04, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054, Sousse, Tunisia
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Shi H, Belbin O, Medway C, Brown K, Kalsheker N, Carrasquillo M, Proitsi P, Powell J, Lovestone S, Goate A, Younkin S, Passmore P, Morgan K. Genetic variants influencing human aging from late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Neurobiol Aging 2012; 33:1849.e5-18. [PMID: 22445811 PMCID: PMC4120742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genetics plays a crucial role in human aging with up to 30% of those living to the mid-80s being determined by genetic variation. Survival to older ages likely entails an even greater genetic contribution. There is increasing evidence that genes implicated in age-related diseases, such as cancer and neuronal disease, play a role in affecting human life span. We have selected the 10 most promising late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes identified through several recent large genome-wide association studies (GWAS). These 10 LOAD genes (APOE, CLU, PICALM, CR1, BIN1, ABCA7, MS4A6A, CD33, CD2AP, and EPHA1) have been tested for association with human aging in our dataset (1385 samples with documented age at death [AAD], age range: 58-108 years; mean age at death: 80.2) using the most significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) found in the previous studies. Apart from the APOE locus (rs2075650) which showed compelling evidence of association with risk on human life span (p = 5.27 × 10(-4)), none of the other LOAD gene loci demonstrated significant evidence of association. In addition to examining the known LOAD genes, we carried out analyses using age at death as a quantitative trait. No genome-wide significant SNPs were discovered. Increasing sample size and statistical power will be imperative to detect genuine aging-associated variants in the future. In this report, we also discuss issues relating to the analysis of genome-wide association studies data from different centers and the bioinformatic approach required to distinguish spurious genome-wide significant signals from real SNP associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olivia Belbin
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Medway
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kristelle Brown
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Noor Kalsheker
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Minerva Carrasquillo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Petroula Proitsi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - John Powell
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Steven Younkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Peter Passmore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Biomedical Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Kevin Morgan
- Human Genetics, School of Molecular Medical Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Elnoamany MF, Dawood AA, Azmy RM, Elnajjar MM. Paraoxonase 1 gene (Gln192–Arg) polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Egypt Heart J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ehj.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Rocha JC, Martins MJ. Oxidative stress in phenylketonuria: future directions. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:381-98. [PMID: 22116469 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9417-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria represents the most prevalent inborn error of amino acid metabolism. In early diagnosed patients adequate and continued dietary treatment results in a good neurologic outcome. Natural protein and phenylalanine-restricted diet, even if rich in fruits and vegetables, represents a serious risk for nutritional deficiencies, albeit universally accepted. In the last few years, a growing number of reports have been describing oxidative stress as a concern in phenylketonuric patients. The diet itself includes good sources of dietary antioxidants (phytochemicals, some vitamins and minerals) but also a risk factor for some deficiencies (selenium, zinc, ubiquinone-10 and L-carnitine). Additionally, the extreme stringency of the diet may impose a reduced synthesis of endogenous antioxidants (like ubiquinone-10 and glutathione). Furthermore, increased phenylalanine levels, and its metabolites, may enhance the endogenous synthesis of reactive species and free radicals and/or interfere with the endogenous synthesis of enzymatic antioxidants (like glutathione peroxidase). Therefore, oxidative stress will probably increase, mainly in late diagnosed patients or in those with bad metabolic control. Considering the known association between oxidative stress, obesity and cardiovascular disease, it seems advisable to look further to the impact of oxidative stress on body macromolecules and structures (like lipoprotein oxidation), especially in phenylketonuric patients with late diagnosis or bad metabolic control, in order to prevent future increased risks. Recommendations for PKU patient's clinical follow-up improvement and educational goals are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica Jacinto de Magalhães - INSA, IP, Praça Pedro Nunes, 88, 4099-028 Porto, Portugal.
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Abstract
Thyroid hormones regulate cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism, whereas thyroid disorders, including overt and subclinical hypothyroidism, considerably alter lipid profile and promote cardiovascular disease. Good evidence shows that high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is associated with a nonfavorable lipid profile, although TSH has no cutoff threshold for its association with lipids. Thyromimetics represent a new class of hypolipidemic drugs: their imminent application in patients with severe dyslipidemias, combined or not with statins, will improve the lipid profile, potentially accelerate energy expenditure and, as a consequence, vitally lessen the risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonidas H Duntas
- Endocrine Unit, Evgenidion Hospital, University of Athens, 20 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528 Athens, Greece.
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40
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Getz GS, Wool GD, Reardon CA. HDL apolipoprotein-related peptides in the treatment of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory disorders. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 16:3173-84. [PMID: 20687877 DOI: 10.2174/138161210793292492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Elevations of HDL levels or modifying the inflammatory properties of HDL are being evaluated as possible treatment of atherosclerosis, the underlying mechanism responsible for most cardiovascular diseases. A promising approach is the use of small HDL apoprotein-related mimetic peptides. A number of peptides mimicking the repeating amphipathic α-helical structure in apoA-I, the major apoprotein in HDL, have been examined in vitro and in animal models. Several peptides have been shown to reduce early atherosclerotic lesions, but not more mature lesions unless coadministered with statins. These peptides also influence the vascular biology of the vessel wall and protect against other acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The biologically active peptides are capable of reducing the pro-inflammatory properties of LDL and HDL, likely due to their high affinity for oxidized lipids. They are also capable of influencing other processes, including ABCA1 mediated activation of JAK-2 in macrophages, which may contribute to their anti-atherogenic function. The initial studies involved monomeric 18 amino acid peptides, but tandem peptides are being investigated for their anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties as they more closely resemble the repeating structure of apoA-I. Peptides based on other HDL associated proteins such as apoE, apoJ and SAA have also been studied. Their mechanism of action appears to be distinct from the apoA-I based mimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Getz
- The University of Chicago, Department of Pathology, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Gugliucci A, Kinugasa E, Kotani K, Caccavello R, Kimura S. Serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) lactonase activity is lower in end-stage renal disease patients than in healthy control subjects and increases after hemodialysis. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011; 49:61-7. [PMID: 20961187 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2011.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gugliucci
- Glycation, Oxidation and Disease Laboratory, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Touro University-California, Mare Island, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA.
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