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Bever AM, Hang D, Lee DH, Tabung FK, Ugai T, Ogino S, Meyerhardt JA, Chan AT, Eliassen AH, Liang L, Stampfer MJ, Song M. Metabolomic signatures of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation in relation to colorectal cancer risk. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024; 116:1126-1136. [PMID: 38430005 PMCID: PMC11223797 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We characterized metabolomic signatures of inflammation and metabolic dysregulation and evaluated the association of the signatures and individual metabolites with CRC risk. METHODS Among 684 incident CRC cases and 684 age-matched controls in the Nurses' Health Study (n = 818 women) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 550 men), we applied reduced rank and elastic net regression to 277 metabolites for markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B, and growth differentiation factor 15) or metabolic dysregulation (body mass index, waist circumference, C-peptide, and adiponectin) to derive metabolomic signatures. We evaluated the association of the signatures and individual metabolites with CRC using multivariable conditional logistic regression. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS We derived a signature of 100 metabolites that explained 24% of variation in markers of inflammation and a signature of 73 metabolites that explained 27% of variation in markers of metabolic dysregulation. Among men, both signatures were associated with CRC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07 to 1.68 per 1-standard deviation increase, inflammation; OR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.55 metabolic dysregulation); neither signature was associated with CRC in women. A total of 11 metabolites were individually associated with CRC and biomarkers of inflammation or metabolic dysregulation among either men or women. CONCLUSION We derived metabolomic signatures and identified individual metabolites associated with inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and CRC, highlighting several metabolites as promising candidates involved in the inflammatory and metabolic dysregulation pathways for CRC incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina M Bever
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Sport Industry Studies, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fred K Tabung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Heather Eliassen
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Meir J Stampfer
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Smith C, Lowdon J, Noordhoek J, Wilschanski M. Evolution of nutritional management in children with cystic fibrosis - a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:804-814. [PMID: 38664916 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Nutrition has played a central role in the management and outcomes of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) since the 1970s. Advances in therapies and practices in recent decades have led to a significant change in the patient landscape with dramatic improvements in life expectancy, as well as quality of life, bringing with it new issues. Historically, cystic fibrosis was a condition associated with childhood and malnutrition; however, changes in patient demographics, nutritional assessment and fundamental nutritional management have evolved, and it has become an increasingly prevalent adult disease with new nutritional challenges, including obesity. This paper aims to describe these changes and the impact and challenges they bring for those working in this field. Nutritional professionals will need to evolve, adapt and remain agile to the wider range of situations and support required for a new generation of pwCF. Specialised nutrition support will continue to be required, and it will be additionally important to improve and optimise quality of life and long-term health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Smith
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Alexandra Children's Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Jacqueline Lowdon
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Michael Wilschanski
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah, Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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3
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Senousy MA, Shaker OG, Ayeldeen G, Radwan AF. Association of lncRNA MEG3 rs941576 polymorphism, expression profile, and its related targets with the risk of obesity-related colorectal cancer: potential clinical insights. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10271. [PMID: 38704452 PMCID: PMC11069513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of novel screening tools is imperative to empower the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC). The influence of the long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) rs941576 single nucleotide polymorphism on CRC susceptibility remains uninvestigated. This research appraised MEG3 rs941576 association with the risk and clinical features of CRC and obesity-related CRC and its impact on serum MEG3 expression and its targets miR-27a/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)/IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and miR-181a/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), along with the potential of these markers in obesity-related CRC diagnosis. 130 CRC patients (60 non-obese and 70 obese) and 120 cancer-free controls (64 non-obese and 56 obese) were enrolled. MEG3 targets were selected using bioinformatics analysis. MEG3 rs941576 was associated with magnified CRC risk in overall (OR (95% CI) 4.69(1.51-14.57), P = 0.0018) and stratified age and gender groups, but not with obesity-related CRC risk or MEG3/downstream targets' expression. Escalated miR-27a and IGFBP3 and reduced IGF1 serum levels were concomitant with MEG3 downregulation in overall CRC patients versus controls and obese versus non-obese CRC patients. Serum miR-181a and SIRT1 were upregulated in CRC patients versus controls but weren't altered in the obese versus non-obese comparison. Serum miR-181a and miR-27a were superior in overall and obesity-related CRC diagnosis, respectively; meanwhile, IGF1 was superior in distinguishing obese from non-obese CRC patients. Only serum miR-27a was associated with obesity-related CRC risk in multivariate logistic analysis. Among overall CRC patients, MEG3 rs941576 was associated with lymph node (LN) metastasis and tumor stage, serum MEG3 was negatively correlated with tumor stage, while SIRT1 was correlated with the anatomical site. Significant correlations were recorded between MEG3 and anatomical site, SIRT1 and tumor stage, and miR-27a/IGFBP3 and LN metastasis among obese CRC patients, while IGF1 was correlated with tumor stage and LN metastasis among non-obese CRC patients. Conclusively, this study advocates MEG3 rs941576 as a novel genetic marker of CRC susceptibility and prognosis. Our findings accentuate circulating MEG3/miR-27a/IGF1/IGFBP3, especially miR-27a as valuable markers for the early detection of obesity-related CRC. This axis along with SIRT1 could benefit obesity-related CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Olfat G Shaker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ayeldeen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Abdullah F Radwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
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4
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McDonald HG, Kerekes DM, Kim J, Khan SA. Precision Oncology in Gastrointestinal and Colorectal Cancer Surgery. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:321-341. [PMID: 38401913 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Precision medicine is used to treat gastrointestinal malignancies including esophageal, gastric, small bowel, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. Cutting-edge assays to detect and treat these cancers are active areas of research and will soon become standard of care. Colorectal cancer is a prime example of precision oncology as disease site is no longer the final determinate of treatment. Here, the authors describe how leveraging an understanding of tumor biology translates to individualized patient care using evidence-based practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah G McDonald
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Daniel M Kerekes
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph Kim
- Department of General Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40508, USA
| | - Sajid A Khan
- Department of Surgery, Yale University, 15 York Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Liang Y, Ban Y, Liu L, Li Y. Inhibitory Effects of the Polyphenols from the Root of Rhizophora apiculata Blume on Fatty Acid Synthase Activity and Human Colon Cancer Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1180. [PMID: 38474695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine mangrove vegetation has been traditionally employed in folk medicine to address various ailments. Notably, Rhizophora apiculata Blume has exhibited noteworthy properties, demonstrating efficacy against cancer, viruses, and bacteria. The enzyme fatty acid synthase (FAS) plays a pivotal role in de novo fatty acid synthesis, making it a promising target for combating colon cancer. Our study focused on evaluating the FAS inhibitory effects of both the crude extract and three isolated compounds from R. apiculata. The n-butanol fraction of R. apiculata extract (BFR) demonstrated a significant inhibition of FAS, with an IC50 value of 93.0 µg/mL. For inhibition via lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-rhamnopyranoside (LR), the corresponding IC50 value was 20.1 µg/mL (35.5 µM). LR competitively inhibited the FAS reaction with acetyl-CoA, noncompetitively with malonyl-CoA, and in a mixed manner with NADPH. Our results also suggest that both BFR and LR reversibly bind to the KR domain of FAS, hindering the reduction of saturated acyl groups in fatty acid synthesis. Furthermore, BFR and LR displayed time-dependent inhibition for FAS, with kobs values of 0.0045 min-1 and 0.026 min-1, respectively. LR also exhibited time-dependent inhibition on the KR domain, with a kobs value of 0.019 min-1. In human colon cancer cells, LR demonstrated the ability to reduce viability and inhibit intracellular FAS activity. Notably, the effects of LR on human colon cancer cells could be reversed with the end product of FAS-catalyzed chemical reactions, affirming the specificity of LR on FAS. These findings underscore the potential of BFR and LR as potent FAS inhibitors, presenting novel avenues for the treatment of human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue Ban
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, No. 11, Beisanhuanxi Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanchun Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Beijing Sport University, No. 48, Xinxi Road, Beijing 100084, China
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Hajipour A, Ardekanizadeh NH, Roumi Z, Shekari S, Aminnezhad Kavkani B, Shalmani SHM, Bahar B, Tajadod S, Ajami M, Tabesh GA, Gholamalizadeh M, Doaei S. The effect of FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between colorectal cancer and different types of dietary fat intake: a case-control study. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:17. [PMID: 37543622 PMCID: PMC10404375 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00333-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. Some dietary factors such as fat intake have been identified as the risk factors for CRC. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene rs9939609 polymorphism on the association between CRC and different types of dietary fats. METHODS This case-control study was performed on 135 CRC cases and 294 healthy controls in Tehran, Iran. Data on demographic factors, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, the intake of different types of dietary fats, and FTO gene rs9939609 polymorphism was collected from all participants. The association between cancer and dietary fat intake in individuals with different FTO genotypes was assessed using different models of logistic regression. RESULTS Oleic acid intake was higher in the case group compared to the control group in both people with TT (7.2±3.46 vs. 5.83±3.06 g/d, P=0.02) and AA/AT genotypes (8.7±6.23 vs. 5.57 ±3.2 g/d, P<0.001). Among carriers of AA/AT genotypes of FTO rs9939609 polymorphism, a positive association was found between CRC and higher intakes of oleic acid (OR=1.12, CI95% 1.03-1.21, P=0.01) and cholesterol (OR=1.01, CI95% 1.00-1.02; P=0.01) after adjusting for age, sex, physical activity, alcohol use, smoking, calorie intake, and body mass index. CONCLUSION Higher intakes of cholesterol and oleic acid were associated with a higher risk of CRC in FTO-risk allele carriers. The association of CRC and dietary fat may be influenced by the FTO genotype. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Hajipour
- School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Bojlul Bahar
- Nutrition Sciences and Applied Food Safety Studies, Research Centre for Global Development, School of Sport & Health Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Ajami
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi Tabesh
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Song JH, Seo JY, Jin EH, Chung GE, Kim YS, Bae JH, Kim S, Han KD, Yang SY. Association of changes in obesity and abdominal obesity status with early-onset colorectal cancer risk: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1208489. [PMID: 37415766 PMCID: PMC10321412 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1208489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims The incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC, diagnosed before 50 years of age) has increased in recent decades. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between changes in obesity status and EO-CRC risk. Methods From a nationwide population-based cohort, individuals <50 years old who participated in the national health checkup program in both 2009 and 2011 were included. Obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Abdominal obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 85 cm in women. Participants were classified into 4 groups according to the change in obesity (normal/normal, normal/obese, obese/normal, persistent obese) and abdominal obesity (normal/normal, normal/abdominal obesity, abdominal obesity/normal, persistent abdominal obesity) status. Participants were followed up until 2019 and censored when they became 50 years old. Results Among 3,340,635 participants, 7,492 patients were diagnosed with EO-CRC during 7.1 years of follow-up. The risk of EO-CRC was higher in the persistent obesity and persistent abdominal obesity groups than in the normal/normal groups (hazard ratio (HR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 1.09 [1.03-1.16] and 1.18 [1.09-1.29], respectively). Participants with both persistent obesity and abdominal obesity had a higher EO-CRC risk than those in the normal/normal groups for both [HR (95% CI) = 1.19 (1.09-1.30)]. Conclusion Persistent obesity and persistent abdominal obesity before the age of 50 are associated with a slightly increased risk of EO-CRC. Addressing obesity and abdominal obesity in young individuals might be beneficial in reducing the risk of EO-CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Song
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Seo JY, Jin EH, Chung GE, Kim YS, Bae JH, Yim JY, Han KD, Yang SY. The risk of colorectal cancer according to obesity status at four-year intervals: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8928. [PMID: 37264099 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. However, the effect of body weight change on colorectal cancer is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between difference in body mass index and the risk of colorectal cancer. In this nationwide population-based cohort study, participants of the national cancer screening program in 2005 and 2009 were enrolled. Difference of body mass index was calculated from screening data from 2005 and 2009. Participants were divided into four groups according to direction of obesity status: non-obese/non-obese, non-obese/obese, obese/non-obese, and obese/obese. The effect of differences in body mass index on colorectal cancer was analyzed. Among 3,858,228 participants, 47,894 (1.24%) participants were newly diagnosed with colorectal cancer during the 9.2 years of follow-up. The incidence of colorectal cancer was higher in the obese/obese group than the non-obese/non-obese group (hazard ratio = 1.08 [1.06-1.11], P trend < 0.001). The men in the obese/obese group had a higher risk of colon cancer than women (hazard ratio = 1.13 [1.10-1.17] in men, and hazard ratio = 1.04 [1.01-1.18] in women, P = 0.001). Persistent obesity was associated with a higher risk of incidence of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Goh Eun Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Young Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Jung Ho Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Jeong Yoon Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, 369 Sangdo-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06978, South Korea.
| | - Sun Young Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, 39F Gangnam Finance Center 152, Teheran-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06236, South Korea.
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Kerrison RS, Jones A, Peng J, Price G, Verne J, Barley EA, Lugton C. Inequalities in cancer screening participation between adults with and without severe mental illness: results from a cross-sectional analysis of primary care data on English Screening Programmes. Br J Cancer 2023:10.1038/s41416-023-02249-3. [PMID: 37137996 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with severe mental illness (SMI) are 2.5 times more likely to die prematurely from cancer in England. Lower participation in screening may be a contributing factor. METHODS Clinical Practice Research Datalink data for 1.71 million, 1.34 million and 2.50 million adults were assessed (using multivariate logistic regression) for possible associations between SMI and participation in bowel, breast and cervical screening, respectively. RESULTS Screening participation was lower among adults with SMI, than without, for bowel (42.11% vs. 58.89%), breast (48.33% vs. 60.44%) and cervical screening (64.15% vs. 69.72%; all p < 0.001). Participation was lowest in those with schizophrenia (bowel, breast, cervical: 33.50%, 42.02%, 54.88%), then other psychoses (41.97%, 45.57%, 61.98%), then bipolar disorder (49.94%, 54.35%, 69.69%; all p-values < 0.001, except cervical screening in bipolar disorder; p-value > 0.05). Participation was lowest among people with SMI who live in the most deprived quintile of areas (bowel, breast, cervical: 36.17%, 40.23%, 61.47%), or are of a Black ethnicity (34.68%, 38.68%, 64.80%). Higher levels of deprivation and diversity, associated with SMI, did not explain the lower participation in screening. CONCLUSIONS In England, participation in cancer screening is low among people with SMI. Support should be targeted to ethnically diverse and socioeconomically deprived areas, where SMI prevalence is greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stephen Kerrison
- School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey, Kate Granger Building, Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
| | - Alex Jones
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Jianhe Peng
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Gabriele Price
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | - Julia Verne
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
| | | | - Cam Lugton
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities, Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0EU, UK
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10
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Saeed U, Myklebust TÅ, Robsahm TE, Kielland MF, Møller B, Skålhegg BS, Mala T, Yaqub S. Risk and survival in colorectal cancer with increasing body mass index: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:375-385. [PMID: 36222384 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to explore potential associations between the body mass index (BMI) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), including subsites of the colon, and cancer-specific death. METHODS A registry-based cohort study was conducted with baseline data gathered from the Norwegian Tuberculosis Screening Programme, collected between 1963 and 1975, and linked to follow-up data from the Cancer Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry. Cox regression models were used to explore associations between BMI and CRC risk and cancer-specific death. RESULTS Of 1 723 692 included individuals, 76 616 developed CRC during 55 370 707 person-years of follow-up. In men, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer, including both right and left subsites, and rectal cancer. Allowing for nonlinearities, we found a U-shaped association for the right colon and an inverse U-shape for the left colon and rectum cancer. In women, a 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI in early adulthood was associated with increased risk of colon cancer, including both subsites. In women, an increased risk of CRC death with increasing BMI was found for colon cancer. CONCLUSIONS Men of all ages have an increased risk of CRC with increasing BMI, with the highest risk for right-sided colon cancer. An increased risk for colon cancer was also found in women with high BMI in early adulthood. Furthermore, women of all age groups appeared to have an increased risk of CRC death with higher BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Saeed
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Paediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Å Myklebust
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Møre and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Ålesund, Norway
| | - Trude E Robsahm
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marlene F Kielland
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Møller
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn S Skålhegg
- Division for Molecular Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Mala
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Paediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sheraz Yaqub
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Paediatric Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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11
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HUANG J, GUO K, WANG P, WANG C. The correlation between obesity and death of old population in Peking. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2023. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.22.04879-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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12
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Vlooswijk C, Husson O, Oerlemans S, Ezendam N, Schoormans D, de Rooij B, Mols F. Self-reported causes of cancer among 6881 survivors with 6 tumour types: results from the PROFILES registry. J Cancer Surviv 2023; 17:110-119. [PMID: 33644846 PMCID: PMC9971112 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-021-00989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to describe and compare self-reported causal attributions (interpretations of what caused an illness) among cancer survivors and to assess which sociodemographic and clinical characteristics are associated with them. METHODS Data from five population-based PROFILES registry samples (i.e. lymphoma (n = 993), multiple myeloma (n = 156), colorectal (n = 3989), thyroid (n = 306), endometrial (n = 741), prostate cancer (n = 696)) were used. Causal attributions were assessed with a single question. RESULTS The five most often reported causal attributions combined were unknown (21%), lifestyle (19%), biological (16%), other (14%), and stress (12%). Lymphoma (49%), multiple myeloma (64%), thyroid (55%), and prostate (64%) cancer patients mentioned fixed causes far more often than modifiable or modifiable/fixed. Colorectal (33%, 34%, and 33%) and endometrial (38%, 32%, and 30%) cancer survivors mentioned causes that were fixed, modifiable, or both almost equally often. Colorectal, endometrial, and prostate cancer survivors reported internal causes most often, whereas multiple myeloma survivors more often reported external causes, while lymphoma and thyroid cancer survivors had almost similar rates of internal and external causes. Females, those older, those treated with hormonal therapy, and those diagnosed with prostate cancer were less likely to identify modifiable causes while those diagnosed with stage 2, singles, with ≥2 comorbid conditions, and those with endometrial cancer were more likely to identify modifiable causes. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study showed that patients report both internal and external causes of their illness and both fixed and modifiable causes. This differsbetween the various cancer types. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Although the exact cause of cancer in individual patients is often unknown, having a well-informed perception of the modifiable causes of one's cancer is valuable since it can possibly help survivors with making behavioural adjustments in cases where this is necessary or possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vlooswijk
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Oerlemans
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole Ezendam
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Dounya Schoormans
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Belle de Rooij
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Floortje Mols
- Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- CoRPS - Center of Research on Psychological and Somatic Disorders, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, PO Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, The Netherlands.
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13
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Marques V, Ourô S, Afonso MB, Rodrigues CMP. Modulation of rectal cancer stemness, patient outcome and therapy response by adipokines. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00936-y. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Virulence Factors in Colorectal Cancer Metagenomes and Association of Microbial Siderophores with Advanced Stages. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10122365. [PMID: 36557618 PMCID: PMC9781273 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a growing public health challenge, featuring a multifactorial etiology and complex host-environment interactions. Recently, increasing evidence has pointed to the role of the gut microbiota in CRC development and progression. To explore the role of gut microbes in CRC, we retrieved metagenomic data from 156 stools from the European Nucleotide Archive database and mapped them against the VFDB database for virulence factors (VFs). GO annotations of VFs and KEGG pathways were then performed to predict the microbial functions and define functional pathways enriched in the tumor-associated microbiota. Interestingly, 306 VFs were detected in the metagenomic data. We revealed the enrichment of adenomas with VFs involved in cell adhesion, whereas in the early stages of CRC they were enriched in both adhesins and isochorismatase. Advanced stages of CRC were enriched with microbial siderophores, especially enterobactin, which was significantly associated with isochorismate synthase. We highlighted higher abundances of porins and transporters involved in antibiotic resistance and the development of biofilm in advanced stages of CRC. Most VFs detected in CRC, particularly in advanced stages, were shown to be included in siderophore biosynthesis pathways. This enrichment of predicted VFs supports the key role of the gut microbiota in the disease.
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15
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Wele P, Wu X, Shi H. Sex-Dependent Differences in Colorectal Cancer: With a Focus on Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223688. [PMID: 36429114 PMCID: PMC9688265 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and has the second highest cancer-related mortality in the world. The incident rates of CRC vary country-wise; however, population studies and data from different countries show a general increase in the CRC rate in young adults, males, and females ≥65 years. CRC incidence is affected by age, sex, environmental, dietary, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Obesity is a known disease that is spreading rapidly throughout the world. A large body of literature indicates that, among many conditions, obesity is the increasing cause of CRC. Even though obesity is one of the known factors for CRC development, limited studies are available that explain the mechanistic link between obesity, sex hormones, and CRC development. Thus, this review summarizes the literature and aims to understand sex-dependent differences in CRC, especially in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Wele
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-529-3162
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16
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Pelosi AC, Fernandes AMAP, Maciel LF, Silva AAR, Mendes GC, Bueno LF, Silva LMF, Bredariol RF, Santana MG, Porcari AM, Priolli DG. Liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry metabolomics: A useful tool for investigating tumor secretome based on a three-dimensional co-culture model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274623. [PMID: 36129929 PMCID: PMC9491614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, which more closely mimic the complex microenvironment of tissue, are being increasingly evaluated as a tool for the preclinical screening of clinically promising new molecules, and studying of tissue metabolism. Studies of metabolites released into the extracellular space (secretome) allow understanding the metabolic dynamics of tissues and changes caused by therapeutic interventions. Although quite advanced in the field of proteomics, studies on the secretome of low molecular weight metabolites (< 1500 Da) are still very scarce. We present an untargeted metabolomic protocol based on the hybrid technique of liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites released into the culture medium by 3D cultures and co-culture (secretome model). For that we analyzed HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 3D-monoculture and 3D-co-culture. The putative identification of the metabolites indicated a sort of metabolites, among them arachidonic acid, glyceric acid, docosapentaenoic acid and beta-Alanine which are related to cancer and obesity. This protocol represents a possibility to list metabolites released in the extracellular environment in a comprehensive and untargeted manner, opening the way for the generation of metabolic hypotheses that will certainly contribute to the understanding of tissue metabolism, tissue-tissue interactions, and metabolic responses to the most varied interventions. Moreover, it brings the potential to determine novel pathways and accurately identify biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The metabolites indicated in our study have a close relationship with the tumor microenvironment in accordance with the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C. Pelosi
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna Maria A. P. Fernandes
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F. Maciel
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alex A. R. Silva
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giulia C. Mendes
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luísa F. Bueno
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria F. Silva
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael F. Bredariol
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory, Medical School, Sao Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maycon G. Santana
- Multiprofessional Nursing Residency Program in Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia M. Porcari
- MS4Life Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise G. Priolli
- Health Sciences Postgraduate Program, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Jin EH, Han K, Lee DH, Shin CM, Lim JH, Choi YJ, Yoon K. Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Diagnosed Before Age 50 Years According to Tumor Location. Gastroenterology 2022; 163:637-648.e2. [PMID: 35643169 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The increasing prevalence of obesity at younger ages is concurrent with an increased earlier-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) (before age 50 years) incidence, particularly left-sided colon cancer. We investigated whether obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with increased earlier-onset CRC risk according to tumor location. METHODS Our nationwide population-based cohort study enrolled 9,774,081 individuals who underwent health checkups under the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2009 to 2010, with follow-up until 2019. We collected data on age, sex, lifestyle factors, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), blood pressure, and laboratory findings. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed. RESULTS A total of 8320 earlier-onset and 57,257 later-onset CRC cases developed during follow-up. MetS was associated with increased earlier-onset CRC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.14-1.27), similar to later-onset CRC (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.17-1.21). The adjusted hazard ratios for earlier-onset CRC with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 MetS components were 1.07 (95% CI, 1.01-1.13), 1.13 (95% CI, 1.06-1.21), 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16-1.35), 1.27 (95% CI, 1.15-1.41), and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.26-1.79), respectively (P for trend < .0001). We found that higher body mass index and larger waist circumference were significantly associated with increased earlier-onset CRC (P for trend < .0001). These dose-response associations were significant in distal colon and rectal cancers, although not in proximal colon cancers. CONCLUSIONS MetS and obesity are positively associated with CRC before age 50 years with a similar magnitude of association as people diagnosed after age 50 years. Thus, people younger than 50 years with MetS require effective preventive interventions to help reduce CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Hyo Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggido, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kichul Yoon
- Department of Gastroenterology, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo, Gyeonggido, Korea
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18
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Duraiyarasan S, Adefuye M, Manjunatha N, Ganduri V, Rajasekaran K. Colon Cancer and Obesity: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e27589. [PMID: 36059323 PMCID: PMC9433794 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Obesity has shown to increase the blood levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), leptin, resistin, inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) which in turn acts via various signaling pathways to induce colonic cell proliferation and in turn CRC development. It has been shown that estrogen can prevent and cause CRC based on which receptor it acts. Obese patients have relatively low levels of ghrelin and adiponectin that inhibit cell proliferation which further adds to their risk of developing CRC. Obesity can alter the microbial flora of the gut in such a way as to favor carcinogenesis. Weight loss and good physical activity have been related to a reduced incidence of CRC; obese individuals should be screened for CRC and counseled about the importance of weight reduction, diet, and exercise. The best way of screening is using BMI and waist circumference (WC) to calculate the CRC risk in obese people. This study has reviewed the association between obesity and its pathophysiological association with CRC development.
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19
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Laguerre E, Matthews T. Association between Nutrition Behavior and Colorectal Cancer Diet Recommendation. J Cancer Prev 2022; 27:79-88. [PMID: 35864857 PMCID: PMC9271404 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2022.27.2.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer has considerably increased worldwide, particularly among adults aged 50 and older. Despite numerous nutrition initiatives, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a public health burden that affects younger adults in the United States. Understanding the potential factors contributing to non-adherence to nutrition recommendations can be helpful to develop effective nutrition initiatives to prevent CRC. This study aimed to determine differences in nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KAB); examine their associations on diet characteristics and weight status; and identify factors influencing eating patterns among ethnically diverse populations at risk for CRC and living in urban areas. The study used a quantitative descriptive and correlational research design in which data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey. A total of 377 participants responded to the survey. The study revealed a few significant differences in KAB levels between males and females. KAB levels were not associated with weight status but with meat recommendations among overweight or obese males. Ultimately, the study identified perceived barriers and facilitators as factors influencing participants’ diets. Differences in KAB among males and females were inconsistent with the diet characteristics and weight status variables. This study suggests acknowledging these differences and inconsistencies when designing nutrition initiatives focusing on colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Laguerre
- Department of Health Science, College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Tracy Matthews
- Department of Health Science, College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, Mesa, AZ, USA
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20
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Gholami M, Zoughi M, Behboo R, Taslimi R, Kazemeini A, Bastami M, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Larijani B, Amoli MM. Association of miRNA targetome variants in LAMC1 and GNB3 genes with colorectal cancer and obesity. Cancer Med 2022; 11:3923-3938. [PMID: 35373932 PMCID: PMC9636511 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common obesity‐associated cancers. Inflammation is also considered the most important factor between obesity and CRC. This study aimed to examine miRNAs binding sites variants on inflammatory genes identified using bioinformatics and systematic approach on clinical samples that were collected from CRC patients and controls. Methods The candidate variants related to CRC inflammatory genes were obtained from genome‐wide association studies and their population‐specific haplotypes. The variants were analyzed according to their genomic position on the miRNA targetome. Targetome variants in inflammation‐related genes were selected for genetic association study by TaqMan genotyping assay. Results The GG genotype of rs7473 decreased the risk of obesity (p < 0.05). Heterozygous genotype (GA) of rs1547715 decreased the risk of CRC (p < 0.05). In the rs7473/rs1547715 genotype and haplotype, the frequencies of AA/GA and GG/AA lessened in CRC and obesity, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions The variants of rs7473 and rs1547715 were associated with obesity and CRC, respectively. The above‐mentioned associations could be made based on the interactions of these variants with miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Zoughi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roobic Behboo
- Hazrate Rasoole Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Taslimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Kazemeini
- Department of General Surgery, Imam Khomeini Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Role of Perirectal Fat in the Carcinogenesis and Development of Early-Onset Rectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:4061142. [PMID: 35368890 PMCID: PMC8965599 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The incidence of early-onset rectal cancer (EORC) has been increasing since the past decade, while its underlying cause remained unknown. This study was aimed at clarifying the relationship between perirectal fat area (PFA) and EORC. Patients and Methods. All patients with rectal cancer who received radical excision between January 2016 and December 2017 at our hospital were included. The fat series images of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging scans were obtained and PFA at the ischial spine level was calculated using the ImageJ software. Results A total of 303 patients were finally included and divided into two groups according to the median PFA: Group 1 (<20.2 cm2, n = 151) and Group 2 (≥20.2 cm2, n = 152). PFA positively correlated with body weight and body mass index. PFA increased with invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, tumor deposits, and vascular invasion. Patients with EORC had higher PFA than those with late-onset rectal cancer (LORC; P = 0.009). Among patients with stage I–III rectal cancers, those in Group 2 had significantly shorter disease-free survival (P = 0.010) and overall survival (P = 0.034) than those in Group 1, and PFA was an independent predictor of disease-free survival (OR: 1.683 [1.126-3.015], P = 0.035) and overall survival (OR: 1.678 [1.022-2.639], P = 0.046). Conclusions Patients with EORC had significantly higher PFA than those with LORC. PFA is positively correlated with T stage, N stage, TNM stage, tumor deposit, and vascular invasion and is an independent predictor of disease-free survival and overall survival. Therefore, perirectal fat may be involved in the carcinogenesis and development of EORC.
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22
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Goodarzi G, Mozaffari H, Raeisi T, Mehravar F, Razi B, Ghazi ML, Garousi N, Alizadeh S, Janmohammadi P. Metabolic phenotypes and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:89. [PMID: 35062912 PMCID: PMC8781040 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of obesity with colorectal cancer (CRC) may vary depending on metabolic status. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the combined impacts of obesity and metabolic status on CRC risk. METHODS The Scopus, PubMed, and web of sciences databases were systematically searched up to Jun 2021 to find all eligible publications examining CRC risk in individuals with metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUHNW), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO) phenotypes. RESULTS A total of 7 cohort studies with a total of 759,066 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Compared with healthy normal-weight people, MUHNW, MHO, and MUHO individuals indicated an increased risk for CRC with a pooled odds ratio of 1.19 (95% CI = 1.09-1.31) in MUHNW, 1.14 (95% CI = 1.06-1.22) in MHO, and 1.24 (95% CI = 1.19-1.29) in MUHO subjects. When analyses were stratified based on gender, associations remained significant for males. However, the elevated risk of CRC associated with MHO and MUHO was not significant in female participants. CONCLUSIONS The individuals with metabolic abnormality, although at a normal weight, have an increased risk for CRC. Moreover, obesity is associated with CRC irrespective of metabolic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golnoosh Goodarzi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadis Mozaffari
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tahereh Raeisi
- Department of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mehravar
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahman Razi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Lafzi Ghazi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazila Garousi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
| | - Parisa Janmohammadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran.
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He S, Berndt SI, Kunzmann AT, Kitahara CM, Huang WY, Barry KH. OUP accepted manuscript. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2022; 6:pkab098. [PMID: 35112050 PMCID: PMC8804223 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is a known risk factor, the impact of weight change on colorectal adenoma risk is less clear and could have important implications in disease prevention. We prospectively evaluated weight change in adulthood and incident colorectal adenoma. Methods We assessed weight change during early-late (age 20 years to baseline, ie, ages 55-74 years), early-middle (20-50 years), and middle-late (50 years-baseline) adulthood using self-reported weight data in relation to incident distal adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (cases = 1053; controls = 16 576). For each period, we defined stable weight as greater than −0.5 kg to less than or equal to 1 kg/5 years, weight loss as less than or equal to −0.5 kg/5 years, and weight gain as greater than 1-2, greater than 2-3, or greater than 3 kg/5 years. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression; all tests were 2-sided. Results Compared with stable weight, weight loss during early-late adulthood was associated with reduced adenoma risk (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.86), particularly among those who were overweight or obese at age 20 years (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.84). Results were similar for early-middle adulthood but less pronounced for middle-late adulthood. Weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years during early-late adulthood was associated with increased risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.58, Ptrend < .001). Findings appeared stronger among men (OR for >3 kg/5 years = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.80) than women (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.50, Pinteraction = .21). Conclusions Weight loss in adulthood was associated with reduced adenoma risk, particularly for those who were overweight or obese, whereas weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years increased risk. Findings underscore the importance of healthy weight maintenance throughout adulthood in preventing colorectal adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shisi He
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew T Kunzmann
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Cari M Kitahara
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wen-Yi Huang
- Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Hughes Barry
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Oncology, University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Correspondence to: Kathryn Hughes Barry, PhD, MPH, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W. Redwood St, Howard Hall 100E, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA (e-mail: )
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24
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Fuchs J, Schellerer VS, Brunner M, Geppert CI, Grützmann R, Weber K, Merkel S. The impact of body mass index on prognosis in patients with colon carcinoma. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1107-1117. [PMID: 35426079 PMCID: PMC9072516 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04146-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of body mass index (BMI) on prognosis in patients with curatively resected stage I-III colon carcinoma was analyzed. METHODS The prospectively collected data of 694 patients who underwent complete mesocolic excision between 2003 and 2014 were analyzed. BMI was classified into four categories: underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; n = 13), normal weight (BMI 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2; n = 221), overweight (BMI 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2; n = 309), and obese (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2; n = 151). Univariate and multivariate analyses for comparison of prognosis were performed. RESULTS The 5-year rate of locoregional recurrence in all 694 patients was 2.1%, and no differences were found with respect to BMI (p = 0.759). For distant metastasis, the 5-year rate for all patients was 13.4%, and BMI did not have a significant impact (p = 0.593). The 5-year rate of disease-free survival for all 694 patients was 72.4%. The differences with respect to BMI were not found to be significant in univariate analysis (p = 0.222). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, disease-free survival was significantly better in obese patients (HR 0.7; p = 0.034). Regarding overall survival, the 5-year rate for all patients was 78.1%. In univariate analyses, no significant differences were found for BMI (p = 0.094). In the Cox regression analysis, overweight and obese patients had significantly better survival (overweight: HR 0.7; p = 0.027; obese: HR 0.6; p = 0.019). CONCLUSION The better survival of overweight and obese patients in multivariate analyses must be interpreted with caution. It is influenced by several factors and seems to correspond to the phenomenon of the obesity paradox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Fuchs
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vera S Schellerer
- Department of Surgery, Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maximilian Brunner
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carol I Geppert
- Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Grützmann
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Klaus Weber
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Merkel
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 12, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.
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25
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Yang H, Yue GGL, Leung PC, Wong CK, Lau CBS. A review on the molecular mechanisms, the therapeutic treatment including the potential of herbs and natural products, and target prediction of obesity-associated colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2021; 175:106031. [PMID: 34896542 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.106031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Obesity has been proven to be closely related to colorectal carcinogenesis. This review summarized the potential underlying mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including energy metabolism, inflammation, activities of adipokines and hormones. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic targets of obesity-associated CRC were predicted using network-based target analysis, with total predicted pathways not only containing previously reported pathways, but also putative signaling pathways pending for investigation. In addition, the current conventional therapeutic treatment options, plus the potential use of herbs and natural products in the management of obesity-associated CRC were also discussed. Taken together, the aim of this review article is to provide strong theoretical basis for future drug development, particularly herbs and natural products, in obesity-associated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihai Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Grace Gar Lee Yue
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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26
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Dorraki N, Ghale-Noie ZN, Ahmadi NS, Keyvani V, Bahadori RA, Nejad AS, Aschner M, Pourghadamyari H, Mollazadeh S, Mirzaei H. miRNA-148b and its role in various cancers. Epigenomics 2021; 13:1939-1960. [PMID: 34852637 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2021-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA-148b belongs to the family miR-148/-152, with significant differences in nonseed sequences, which can target diverse mRNA molecules. Reportedly, it may undergo deregulation in lung and ovarian cancers and downregulation in gastric, pancreatic and colon cancers. However, there is a need for further studies to better characterize its mechanism of action and in different types of cancer. In this review, we focus on the aberrant expression of miR-148b in different cancer types and highlight its main target genes and signaling pathways, as well as its pathophysiologic role and relevance to tumorigenesis in several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Dorraki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zari Naderi Ghale-Noie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nooshin Sadegh Ahmadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahideh Keyvani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Arash Salmani Nejad
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hossein Pourghadamyari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products & Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry & Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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27
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Tran TT, Gunathilake M, Lee J, Kim J. Association between metabolic syndrome and its components and incident colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort study. Cancer 2021; 128:1230-1241. [PMID: 34762301 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been identified as a contributor to cancer development. However, reports concerning the association between MetS and colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconsistent. This study investigated whether MetS, its components, and the number of components increase the risk of CRC. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study of 41,837 participants recruited from August 2002 to December 2014 from the National Cancer Center in South Korea. The participants were followed until December 2017 to identify incident CRC cases. The participants underwent laboratory tests at the baseline. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire collected information concerning lifestyle and general characteristics at the baseline. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to explore the association between MetS and its components and CRC risk after adjustments for confounding variables. RESULTS In total, 128 incident CRC cases were identified during the follow-up period. An increased CRC risk was found among participants with MetS (HR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.08-2.44). Additionally, elevated blood pressure (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.05-2.15) and a high fasting glucose level (HR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23-2.63) were associated with an elevated risk of CRC. Notably, an increased risk was identified among participants with abdominal obesity coexisting with another component of MetS. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that MetS is a risk factor for CRC. Greater emphasis should be placed on the importance of CRC screening among individuals with abdominal obesity coexisting with another component of MetS. LAY SUMMARY Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer type in terms of incidence. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been identified as a contributor to cancer development. However, the association between MetS and CRC remains controversial because of a lack of consistent findings in previous studies. In this study, the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines are used for the diagnosis of MetS. MetS is found to be a predictor of CRC. Additionally, the importance of CRC screening among individuals with 2 components of MetS should be emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Thi Tran
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-Si, Korea
| | - Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-Si, Korea
| | - Jeonghee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-Si, Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-Si, Korea
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Wang CC, Sung WW, Yan PY, Ko PY, Tsai MC. Favorable colorectal cancer mortality-to-incidence ratios in countries with high expenditures on health and development index: A study based on GLOBOCAN database. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27414. [PMID: 34731114 PMCID: PMC8519227 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global variation in the incidence and outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with many factors, among which screening policies and early treatment play substantial roles. However, screening programs and intense treatment are expensive and require good health care systems. For CRC, no clear association has yet been established between clinical outcomes and health care disparities. METHOD We used the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) of CRC as a measure of clinical outcomes for comparison with the Human Development Index (HDI), current health expenditure (CHE), and current health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP) using linear regression analyses. We included 171 countries based on data from the GLOBOCAN 2018 database. RESULTS We found that the regions with the lowest MIRs for CRC are Oceania and North America. A significant correlation was observed between incidence, mortality and HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP among the countries enrolled. Furthermore, lower MIRs of CRC significantly correlated with higher HDI, CHE, and CHE/GDP (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION : CRC MIRs tend to be most favorable in countries with high health care expenditures and a high HDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chih Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Sung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Yan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yun Ko
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Tsai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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29
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Abd-Rabo MA, Tao Y, Yuan Q, Mohamed MS. Bifurcation analysis of glucose model with obesity effect. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2021; 60:4919-4930. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2021.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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30
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Gan T, Schaberg KB, He D, Mansour A, Kapoor H, Wang C, Evers BM, Bocklage TJ. Association Between Obesity and Histological Tumor Budding in Patients With Nonmetastatic Colon Cancer. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e213897. [PMID: 33792733 PMCID: PMC8017472 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.3897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Obesity is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) and a more aggressive disease course. Tumor budding (TB) is an important prognostic factor for CRC, but its association with obesity is unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of TB with obesity and other prognostic factors in colon cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study involved a histological review of colon cancer specimens obtained during 7 years (January 2008 to December 2015) at the University of Kentucky Medical Center; data analysis was conducted from February 2020 to January 2021. Specimens came from 200 patients with stage I to III colon cancer; patients with stage 0, stage IV, or incomplete data were excluded. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES TB was defined as 1 to 4 malignant cells at the invasive edge of the tumor, independently assessed by 2 academic pathologists. The primary outcome was the association of TB with obesity (defined as body mass index [BMI] of 30 or greater). Secondary outcomes include the association of TB with clinical features (ie, age, race, sex, TNM stage, tumor location) and pathological features (ie, poorly differentiated tumor clusters [PDCs], Klintrup-Mäkinen inflammatory score, desmoplasia, infiltrative tumor border, tumor necrosis, and tumor-to-stroma ratio). RESULTS A total of 200 specimens were reviewed. The median (interquartile range) age of patients was 62 (55-72) years, 102 (51.0%) were women, and the mean (SD) BMI was 28.5 (8.4). A total of 57 specimens (28.5%) were from stage I tumors; 74 (37.0%), stage II; and 69 (34.5%), stage III. Of these, 97 (48.5%) had low-grade (<5 buds), 36 (18.0%) had intermediate-grade (5-9 buds), and 67 (33.5%) had high-grade (≥10 buds) TB. Multivariable analysis adjusting for clinical and histological factors demonstrated that higher TB grade was associated with obesity (odds ratio [OR], 4.25; 95% CI, 1.95-9.26), higher PDC grade (grade 2 vs 1: OR, 9.14; 95% CI, 3.49-23.93; grade 3 vs 1: OR, 5.10; 95% CI, 2.30-11.27), increased infiltrative tumor border (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04), cecal location (OR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.09-5.97), and higher stage (eg, stage III vs stage I for high-grade or intermediate-grade vs low-grade TB: OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.00-8.49). Additionally, patients with a higher TB grade had worse overall survival (intermediate vs low TB: hazard ratio, 2.20; 95% CI, 1.11-4.35; log-rank P = .02; high vs low TB: hazard ratio, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.45-4.90; log-rank P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this cohort study, a novel association between high TB grade and obesity was found. The association could reflect a systemic condition (ie, obesity) locally influencing aggressive growth (ie, high TB) in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Gan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Kurt B. Schaberg
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Pathology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Daheng He
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Akila Mansour
- Department of Pathology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Harit Kapoor
- Department of Radiology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Chi Wang
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Therese J. Bocklage
- The Markey Cancer Center, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
- Department of Pathology, The University of Kentucky, Lexington
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31
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Khachfe HH, Salhab HA, Fares MY, Khachfe HM. Probing the Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Lebanon: an 11-Year Epidemiological Study. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 51:805-812. [PMID: 31422543 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-019-00284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Lebanon has witnessed an increase in the rates of several cancer sub-types over the past couple of years. The aim of our study is to investigate the incidence rates of colorectal cancer over 11 years in Lebanon and compare them with other countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected from the National Cancer Registry (NCR) of Lebanon from the years of 2005 till 2015 inclusive. Data of other countries was retrieved from the online database "Cancer Incidence in Five Continents". The age-specific and age-standardized incidence rates (ASR(w)) were calculated and analyzed using Joinpoint regression. RESULTS Colorectal cancer ranked as the 5th most common cancer in Lebanon. The average ASR(w) was 12.6 per 100,00 for males and 10.7 per 100,00 for females. Colorectal cancer ASR (w) showed a significantly increasing trend in both males and females. Lebanon had the second highest incidence of colorectal cancer in the MENA region. CONCLUSION Incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing significantly over the course of our study. It is important to study the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer and develop proper preventive and screening policies in order to decrease exposure and therefore decrease incidence rates in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein H Khachfe
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: xxxxx, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Hamza A Salhab
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: xxxxx, Beirut, Lebanon.,Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Y Fares
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, P.O. Box: xxxxx, Beirut, Lebanon.,Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hassan M Khachfe
- School of Arts and Sciences, and the Lebanese Institute for Biomedical Research and Application (LIBRA), Lebanese International University (LIU), Beirut, Lebanon
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32
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Revealing the Role of High-Density Lipoprotein in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073352. [PMID: 33805921 PMCID: PMC8037642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly prevalent malignancy with multifactorial etiology, which includes metabolic alterations as contributors to disease development. Studies have shown that lipid status disorders are involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. In line with this, previous studies have also suggested that the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level decreases in patients with CRC, but more recently, the focus of investigations has shifted toward the exploration of qualitative properties of HDL in this malignancy. Herein, a comprehensive overview of available evidences regarding the putative role of HDL in CRC will be presented. We will analyze existing findings regarding alterations of HDL-C levels but also HDL particle structure and distribution in CRC. In addition, changes in HDL functionality in this malignancy will be discussed. Moreover, we will focus on the genetic regulation of HDL metabolism, as well as the involvement of HDL in disturbances of cholesterol trafficking in CRC. Finally, possible therapeutic implications related to HDL will be presented. Given the available evidence, future studies are needed to resolve all raised issues concerning the suggested protective role of HDL in CRC, its presumed function as a biomarker, and eventual therapeutic approaches based on HDL.
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Cárcamo L, Peñailillo E, Bellolio F, Miguieles R, Urrejola G, Zúñiga A, Molina ME, Larach JT. Computed tomography-measured body composition parameters do not influence survival in non-metastatic colorectal cancer. ANZ J Surg 2021; 91:E298-E306. [PMID: 33682291 DOI: 10.1111/ans.16708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increasing interest in studying the impact of altered body composition parameters and colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment outcomes. The aim of this study is to explore the impact of computed tomography (CT)-measured visceral obesity, sarcopenia and myosteatosis on survival of non-metastatic CRC. METHODS Consecutive patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative-intent treatment between January 2010 and December 2015 were included. By measuring the visceral fat area, and the skeletal muscle index and radiodensity in the pre-operative staging CT, patients were classified as visceral obese, sarcopenic or myosteatotic. The associations between CT-based body composition parameters and survival were assessed using log-rank tests and a Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Of 359 patients, 263 (73.3%) were visceral obese, 85 (23.7%) sarcopenic and 80 (22.3%) myosteatotic. Overall (OS), cancer-specific (CSS) and disease-free survivals (DFS) at 5 years were 78.8%, 84.7% and 75%, respectively. Myosteatosis and the combination of myosteatosis and visceral obesity were associated with a reduced DFS (hazard ratio 1.67; 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.61 and hazard ratio 1.85; 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.96, respectively). However, after performing a multivariate analysis including other relevant clinicopathological factors, none of the body composition parameters were associated with any long-term outcome measures, even after stratifying by cancer stage. CONCLUSIONS CT-measured body composition parameters do not independently influence survival in non-metastatic CRC. There is a need for larger cohort studies with standardized patient selection and methodology to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cárcamo
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Peñailillo
- Department of Radiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Bellolio
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Miguieles
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Urrejola
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Zúñiga
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Elena Molina
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Tomás Larach
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Silva A, Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Araújo A, Faria G. Effect of Metabolic Syndrome and Individual Components on Colon Cancer Characteristics and Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:631257. [PMID: 33747952 PMCID: PMC7970759 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.631257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is recognized as a risk factor for colon cancer (CC). However, whether the cluster of metabolic changes that define MS also influence CC prognosis remains unclear. Thus, our aim was to investigate whether the presence of MS or any of the MS individual components could provide prognostic information on tumor phenotype and survival outcomes. Clinical and pathological data from patients with CC (n = 300) who underwent surgical resection at a single tertiary hospital were retrospectively collected to evaluate presence of MS components and diagnostic criteria, CC phenotype and disease outcomes. Patients were allocated into two groups according to the presence or absence of MS (n = 85 MS vs n = 83 non-MS). The overall prevalence of MS individual components was 82.7% for increased waist-circumference (WC), 61.3% for high blood pressure (BP), 48.8% for low HDL-cholesterol, 39.9% for high fasting glucose, and 33.9% for hypertriglyceridemia. Patients in the MS group presented smaller tumors (p = 0.006) with lower T-stage (p = 0.002). High BP (p = 0.029) and hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.044) were associated with a smaller tumor size, while low-HDL (p = 0.008) was associated with lower T-stage. After propensity score matching using age, tumor size and staging as covariates high-BP (p = 0.020) and WC (p = 0.003) were found to influence disease-free survival, but not overall survival. In conclusion, despite MS being an established risk factor for CC, our data does not support the hypothesis that MS components have a negative impact on disease extension or prognosis. Nevertheless, a protective role of BP and lipid lowering drugs cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silva
- Pharmacy Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia S Pereira
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - António Araújo
- Unit of Oncobiology Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research (UMIB) of Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Medical Oncology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gil Faria
- iGo Department, CINTESIS-Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems, Porto, Portugal.,General Surgery, Hospital de Pedro Hispano - Unidade Local de Saúde de Matosinhos, Senhora da Hora, Portugal.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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35
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Xuan K, Zhao T, Sun C, Patel AS, Liu H, Chen X, Qu G, Sun Y. The association between hypertension and colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Cancer Prev 2021; 30:84-96. [PMID: 32039929 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between hypertension and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is unclear. This meta-analysis aims to explore the association between them. Six databases were searched for studies published before August 2019. The pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the association between the hypertension and CRC risk. A total of 2841 potentially relevant articles were obtained, and 25 studies with a pooled 1.95 million participants were finally included in the meta-analysis. These results suggested a positive association between hypertension and risk of CRC with a pooled RR of 1.15 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.23). Male patients with hypertension had a 13% (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) increased risk of CRC. The risk of colon cancer and rectal cancer in male patients was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.36) and 1.35 (95% CI: 1.04, 1.74), respectively, while no association between hypertension and the risk of CRC in females was elucidated. This meta-analysis demonstrated that a positive association between hypertension and CRC exists, with male patients having a higher risk of developing CRC than female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tianming Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago
| | - Akash S Patel
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
- Center for Evidence-Based Practice, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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36
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Kishore C, Bhadra P. Current advancements and future perspectives of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer research. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 893:173819. [PMID: 33347822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for colorectal cancer but most of the patients get resistant to the drug on a longer course of treatment. After the successful use of immunotherapy in melanoma treatment, it was explored with enthusiasm in different types of solid cancers including colorectal cancer. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab (Programmed cell death-1 blocking antibodies) have shown efficacy in the mismatch repair deficient high microsatellite instability (dMMR-MSI-H) subtype of metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Immunotherapy has shown long time remission in a subset of metastatic CRC patients. The molecular mechanism and emerging roles of immunotherapy in colorectal cancer are explored in this review article and future directions for the proper utilization of the development in immunobiology are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kishore
- Life Science Building, Fatki Kutti, Madhepur, Madhubani, Patna, 847408, Bihar, India.
| | - Priyanka Bhadra
- Boral Tripursundari Road, Kolkata, 700154, West Bengal, India
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37
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Piva F, Tartari F, Giulietti M, Aiello MM, Cheng L, Lopez-Beltran A, Mazzucchelli R, Cimadamore A, Cerqueti R, Battelli N, Montironi R, Santoni M. Predicting future cancer burden in the United States by artificial neural networks. Future Oncol 2020; 17:159-168. [PMID: 33305617 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: To capture the complex relationships between risk factors and cancer incidences in the US and predict future cancer burden. Materials & methods: Two artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms were adopted: a multilayer feed-forward network (MLFFNN) and a nonlinear autoregressive network with eXogenous inputs (NARX). Data on the incidence of the four most common tumors (breast, colorectal, lung and prostate) from 1992 to 2016 (available from National Cancer Institute online datasets) were used for training and validation, and data until 2050 were predicted. Results: The rapid decreasing trend of prostate cancer incidence started in 2010 will continue until 2018-2019; it will then slow down and reach a plateau after 2050, with several differences among ethnicities. The incidence of breast cancer will reach a plateau in 2030, whereas colorectal cancer incidence will reach a minimum value of 35 per 100,000 in 2030. As for lung cancer, the incidence will decrease from 50 per 100,000 (2017) to 31 per 100,000 in 2030 and 26 per 100,000 in 2050. Conclusion: This up-to-date prediction of cancer burden in the US could be a crucial resource for planning and evaluation of cancer-control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Piva
- Department of Specialistic Clinical & Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Tartari
- Department of Economics & Law, University of Macerata, via Crescimbeni, 20, 62100, Macerata, Italy
| | - Matteo Giulietti
- Department of Specialistic Clinical & Odontostomatological Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roy Cerqueti
- Department of Social & Economic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 5 - I-00185, Rome, Italy.,School of Business, London South Bank University, London, SE1 0AA, UK
| | | | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62012, Macerata, Italy
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38
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Wei Z, Qin X, Kang X, Zhou H, Wang S, Wei D. MiR-142-3p inhibits adipogenic differentiation and autophagy in obesity through targeting KLF9. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:111028. [PMID: 32911017 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MiR-142-3p has been shown to be suppressed in obese patients, while the underlying regulatory mechanism is unclear. METHODS Body shape indexes as well as peripheral blood for biochemical parameter analysis were obtained from obese and healthy subjects. When 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate, miR-142-3p expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The effects of miR-142-3p on triglyceride (TG) and adipogenic differentiation-related genes during the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells were detected by transfection, Oil Red O staining, and Western blot. The targeting relationship between miR-142-3p and Krueppel-like transcription factor 9 (KLF9) was verified by TargetScan and dual-luciferase experiment. The specific regulatory effects of miR-142-3p on cell adipogenic differentiation and autophagy were analyzed by rescue experiments. In vivo experiments further validated the results of in vitro experiments through obese mouse models. RESULTS Obesity-marked biochemical indicators increased whereas high density lipoprotein and miR-142-3p decreased in obese patients. The content of miR-142-3p gradually decreased with cell lipid differentiation. Overexpression of miR-142-3p reduced TG deposition in cells by down-regulating lipid formation and fatty acid synthesis genes and up-regulating fatty acid oxidation genes. KLF9 targeting miR-142-3p was suppressed by miR-142-3p. KLF9 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-142-3p mimic on adipogenic differentiation and the expressions of autophagy related-genes in 3T3-L1 cells. MiR-142-3p overexpression also inhibited fat cell differentiation and autophagy in obese mice. CONCLUSION Overexpressed miR-142-3p inhibited adipogenic differentiation and autophagy through targeting KLF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Wei
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Tongji Medical College of HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Qin
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Neihuang County No.2 People's Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 456300, China
| | - Xiaojie Kang
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Neihuang County No.2 People's Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 456300, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Neihuang County No.2 People's Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 456300, China
| | - Shaodan Wang
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Neihuang County No.2 People's Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 456300, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Invasive Intervention, Neihuang County No.2 People's Hospital, Anyang City, Henan Province, 456300, China.
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Zeljkovic A, Mihajlovic M, Stefanovic A, Zeljkovic D, Trifunovic B, Miljkovic M, Spasojevic-Kalimanovska V, Vekic J. Potential use of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 and E-cadherin as biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 2020; 22:2078-2086. [PMID: 32929869 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM Despite many efforts, reliable biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) are still missing. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and E-cadherin are recognized as potential biomarkers, but their diagnostic capacity is largely unexplored in CRC. The aim of this work is to investigate IGF-1 and E-cadherin levels with respect to various characteristics of CRC and to estimate their diagnostic potential. METHOD Seventy CRC patients and 75 healthy individuals were enrolled. IGF-1 and E-cadherin were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predictive and diagnostic capacities of IGF-1 and E-cadherin were estimated by logistic regression analysis and by determination of the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS Concentrations of IGF-1 were lower (P = 0.019) while levels of E-cadherin were higher (P < 0.001) in CRC patients than in controls. IGF-1 concentration decreased in parallel with age and progression of CRC (P = 0.023). Also, IGF-1 was higher in men with CRC than in women (P = 0.003). E-cadherin levels were unaffected by variations in either anthropometric characteristics of CRC patients, or localization, grade and stage of the tumour. Both IGF-1 and E-cadherin were independently associated with CRC (P = 0.040; P < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic accuracy of IGF-1 was estimated as acceptable (AUC = 0.757; P < 0.001), while the diagnostic accuracy of E-cadherin was outstanding (AUC = 0.954; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Decreased IGF-1 and increased E-cadherin levels were found in CRC patients. IGF-1, but not E-cadherin, concentrations differed according to age, gender and stage of CRC. Both markers were independently associated with the presence of the disease, while E-cadherin demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zeljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Mihajlovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - A Stefanovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Zeljkovic
- Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - B Trifunovic
- Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia.,Faculty of Medicine of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Miljkovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - J Vekic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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40
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Abu N, Othman N, Ab Razak NS, Bakarurraini NAAR, Nasir SN, Soh JEC, Mazlan L, Azman ZAM, Jamal R. Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Colorectal Cancer Affects CD8 T Cells: An Analysis Based on Body Mass Index. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:564648. [PMID: 33324632 PMCID: PMC7726136 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.564648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most widely diagnosed cancers worldwide. It has been shown that the body-mass index (BMI) of the patients could influence the tumor microenvironment, treatment response, and overall survival rates. Nevertheless, the mechanism on how BMI affects the tumorigenesis process, particularly the tumor microenvironment is still elusive. Herein, we postulate that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from CRC patients and non-CRC volunteers with different BMI could affect immune cells differently, in CD8 T cells particularly. We isolated the EVs from the archived serum of CRC patients with high and low BMI, as well as healthy controls with similar BMI status. The EVs were further characterized via electron microscopy, western blot and dynamic light scattering. Then, functional analysis was performed on CD8 T cells including apoptosis, cell proliferation, gene expression profiling and cytokine release upon co-incubation with the different EVs. Our results suggest that CRC-derived EVs were able to regulate the CD8 T cells. In some assays, low BMI EVs were functionally different than high BMI EVs. This study highlights the possible difference in the regulatory mechanism of cancer patients-derived EVs, especially on CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norahayu Othman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur' Syahada Ab Razak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurmi Nasir
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joanne Ern Chi Soh
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Mazlan
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zairul Azwan Mohd Azman
- Department of Surgery, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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41
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Gholami M, Zoughi M, Larijani B, M Amoli M, Bastami M. An in silico approach to identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in colorectal cancer and obesity. Cancer Med 2020; 9:9511-9528. [PMID: 33073494 PMCID: PMC7774712 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and obesity are linked clinical entities with a series of complex processes being engaged in their development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in these processes through regulating CRC and obesity‐related genes. This study aimed to develop an in silico approach to systematically identify and prioritize miRNAs target sites polymorphisms in obesity and CRC. Data from genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) were used to retrieve CRC and obesity‐associated variants. The polymorphisms that were resided in experimentally verified or computationally predicted miRNA target sites were retrieved and prioritized using a range of bioinformatics analyses. We found 6284 CRC and 38931 obesity unique variants. For CRC 33 haplotypes variants in 134 interactions were in miRNA targetome, while for obesity we found more than 935 unique interactions. Functionally prioritized SNPs revealed that, SNPs in 153 obesity and 50 CRC unique interactions were have disruptive effects on miRNA:mRNA integration by changing on target RNA secondary structure. Structural accessibility of target sites were decreased in 418 and 103 unique interactions and increased in 516 and 79 interactions, for obesity and CRC, respectively. The miRNA:mRNA hybrid stability was increased in 127 and 17 unique interactions and decreased in 33 and 24 interactions for the effect of obesity and CRC SNPs, respectively. In this study, seven SNPs with 15 interactions and three SNPs with four interactions were prioritized for obesity and CRC, respectively. These SNPs could be used for future studies for finding potential biomarkers for diagnoses, prognosis, or treatment of CRC and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Gholami
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Zoughi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa M Amoli
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Bastami
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Freitas BAD, Loth CAT, Swarowsky GL, LourenÇo GM, Fillmann LS, Fillmann HS, Santos ML, Padoin AV. ARE OBESITY AND ADENOMA DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATED AS COLORECTAL CANCER PRECURSORS? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 33:e1500. [PMID: 32667530 PMCID: PMC7357550 DOI: 10.1590/0102-672020190001e1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important concerns on health is the increased rates of obesity in population and the speed in which this number is increasing. This number translates a serious public health problem, since it also increases the risk of several other diseases associated with obesity resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Among them, it seems to be connected to several neoplasms, such as colorectal carcinoma. AIM To evaluate the impact of obesity as a risk factor for colorectal carcinoma through the detection of adenoma, and to discuss the mechanisms that could establish a link between obesity and neoplasm. METHODS Patients who underwent colonoscopy were included. Personal and anthropometric data, clinical history, and results of the tests were analyzed in order to verify the correlation of BMI and the presence of adenomatous polyps. RESULTS A total of 142 patients were studied, which a mean age of 62 years. Of the patients, 74 (52.1%) were men and 68 (47.9%) were. Obesity was identified in 16.2% of the patients. Polyps were found in 61 (42.9%), mostly smaller than 1 cm. Obese individuals were 1.56 times more likely to present colorectal adenoma than patients with normal weight. CONCLUSION This study, although showing the greater presence of colorectal adenomas in obese individuals, did not show a significant difference in the occurrence of pre-malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lucio Sarubbi Fillmann
- Pontifical University do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Luiza Santos
- Pontifical University do Rio Grande do Sul, School of Medicine, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Raghupathy R, Priyadarshini A, Mahalakshmi V, Sudha R, Krishnakanth M, Priya MB. Zosteriform Cutaneous Metastases with Primary Endometrial Carcinoma. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:420-422. [PMID: 33165426 PMCID: PMC7640794 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_339_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous metastases from endometrial adenocarcinoma are ominous and are seldom seen, though metastases occurring at the local sites, such as pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes, vagina, peritoneum, and lungs are well recognized. The zosteriform pattern of lesions is even more rare. Here, we describe an interesting case of a 60-year-old female with carcinoma endometrium, presenting with zosteriform cutaneous metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roopa Raghupathy
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anuradha Priyadarshini
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Mahalakshmi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sudha
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Krishnakanth
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Banu Priya
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jung SY, Papp JC, Sobel EM, Zhang ZF. Mendelian Randomization Study: The Association Between Metabolic Pathways and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1005. [PMID: 32850306 PMCID: PMC7396568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The roles of obesity-related biomarkers and their molecular pathways in the development of postmenopausal colorectal cancer (CRC) have been inconclusive. We examined insulin resistance (IR) as a major hormonal pathway mediating the association between obesity and CRC risk in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Methods: We performed MR analysis using individual-level data of 11,078 non-Hispanic white postmenopausal women from our earlier genome-wide association study. We identified four independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with fasting glucose (FG), three with fasting insulin (FI), and six with homeostatic model assessment–IR (HOMA-IR), which were not associated with obesity. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC by adjusting for potential confounding factors plus genetic principal components. Results: Overall, we observed no direct association between combined 13 IR genetic instruments and CRC risk (HR = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–1.17). In phenotypic analysis, genetically raised HOMA-IR exhibited its effects on the increased risk and FG and FI on the reduced risk for CRC, but with a lack of statistical power. Subgroup analyses by physical activity level and dietary fat intake with combined phenotypes showed that genetically determined IR was associated with reduced CRC risk in both physical activity-stratified (single contributor: MTRR rs722025; HR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.02–0.62) and high-fat diet subgroups (main contributor: G6PC2 rs560887; HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37–0.94). Conclusions: Complex evidence was observed for a potential causal association between IR and CRC risk. Our findings may provide an additional value of intervention trials to lower IR and reduce CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yon Jung
- Translational Sciences Section, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeanette C Papp
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric M Sobel
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zuo-Feng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Ye P, Xi Y, Huang Z, Xu P. Linking Obesity with Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology and Mechanistic Insights. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061408. [PMID: 32486076 PMCID: PMC7352519 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and colorectal cancer (CRC) has risen rapidly in recent decades. More than 650 million obese and 2 billion overweight individuals are currently living in the world. CRC is the third most common cancer. Obesity is regarded as one of the key environmental risk factors for the pathogenesis of CRC. In the present review, we mainly focus on the epidemiology of obesity and CRC in the world, the United States, and China. We also summarize the molecular mechanisms linking obesity to CRC in different aspects, including nutriology, adipokines and hormones, inflammation, gut microbiota, and bile acids. The unmet medical needs for obesity-related CRC are still remarkable. Understanding the molecular basis of these associations will help develop novel therapeutic targets and approaches for the treatment of obesity-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ye
- College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China;
| | - Yue Xi
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhiying Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-708-4694
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Deng L, Zhao X, Chen M, Ji H, Zhang Q, Chen R, Wang Y. Plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels and the onset of colonic polyps in patients with prediabetes. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:63. [PMID: 32393372 PMCID: PMC7216429 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-0540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes is associated with a high risk of colon cancer, and abdominal obesity, which can result in the secretion of several obesity-related adipocytokines, is an independent influencing factor for colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. However, the correlation between adipocytokine levels and colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects is unclear. This research explores the relationship between plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels and the development of colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. METHODS A total of 468 prediabetes subjects who underwent electronic colonoscopy examinations were enrolled in this study; there were 248 cases of colonic polyps and 220 cases without colonic mucosal lesions. Then, colonic polyps patients with prediabetes were subdivided into a single-polyp group, multiple-polyps group, low-risk polyps group, or high-risk polyps group. In addition, 108 subjects with normal glucose tolerance who were frequency matched with prediabetes subjects by sex and age were selected as the control group; 46 control subjects had polyps, and 62 control subjects were polyp-free. Plasma adiponectin, visfatin, leptin, and resistin levels were measured in all the subjects, and the related risk factors of colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects were analysed. RESULTS Plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the polyps group than in the polyp-free group [normal glucose tolerance (9.8 ± 4.8 vs 13.3 ± 3.9) mg/L, P = 0.013; prediabetes (5.6 ± 3.7 vs 9.2 ± 4.4) mg/L, P = 0.007]. In prediabetes subjects, plasma adiponectin levels were decreased significantly in the multiple polyps group [(4.3 ± 2.6 vs 6.7 ± 3.9) mg/L, P = 0.031] and the high-risk polyps group [(3.7 ± 2.9 vs 7.4 ± 3.5) mg/L, P < 0.001] compared to their control groups. Plasma visfatin levels were higher in the polyps group and the multiple-polyps group than those in their control groups (P = 0.041 and 0.042, respectively), and no significant difference in plasma leptin and resistin levels was observed between these three pairs of groups (all P > 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that lower levels of plasma adiponectin was a risk factor for colonic polyps, multiple colonic polyps, and high-risk colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. CONCLUSIONS Plasma adiponectin levels are inversely associated with colonic polyps, multiple colonic polyps, and high-risk colonic polyps in prediabetes subjects. And adiponectin may be involved in the development of colon tumours in prediabetes subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Control of Diabetes, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Hua Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qunhui Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruofei Chen
- Anhui Medical University Clinical College, No.81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yalei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No.218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui Province, China
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Kumar U, Singh S. Role of Somatostatin in the Regulation of Central and Peripheral Factors of Satiety and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072568. [PMID: 32272767 PMCID: PMC7177963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the major social and health problems globally and often associated with various other pathological conditions. In addition to unregulated eating behaviour, circulating peptide-mediated hormonal secretion and signaling pathways play a critical role in food intake induced obesity. Amongst the many peptides involved in the regulation of food-seeking behaviour, somatostatin (SST) is the one which plays a determinant role in the complex process of appetite. SST is involved in the regulation of release and secretion of other peptides, neuronal integrity, and hormonal regulation. Based on past and recent studies, SST might serve as a bridge between central and peripheral tissues with a significant impact on obesity-associated with food intake behaviour and energy expenditure. Here, we present a comprehensive review describing the role of SST in the modulation of multiple central and peripheral signaling molecules. In addition, we highlight recent progress and contribution of SST and its receptors in food-seeking behaviour, obesity (orexigenic), and satiety (anorexigenic) associated pathways and mechanism.
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Song N, Huang D, Jang D, Kim MJ, Jeong SY, Shin A, Park JW. Optimal Body Mass Index Cut-off Point for Predicting Colorectal Cancer Survival in an Asian Population: A National Health Information Database Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040830. [PMID: 32235539 PMCID: PMC7226173 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal body mass index (BMI) range for predicting survival in Asian colorectal cancer patients is unknown. We established the most appropriate cut-off point of BMI to predict better survival in Asian colorectal cancer patients using a two-stage approach. Two cohorts of colorectal cancer patients were included in this study: 5815 hospital-based development cohort and 54,043 nationwide validation cohort. To determine the optimal BMI cut-off point at diagnosis, the method of Contal and O’Quigley was used. We evaluated the association between BMI and overall survival (OS) using the Cox proportional hazard model. During a median follow-up of 5.7 and 5.1 years for the development and the validation cohort, 1180 (20.3%) and 10,244 (19.0%) deaths occurred, respectively. The optimal cut-off of BMI identified as 20.2 kg/m2 (plog-rank < 8.0 × 10−16) for differentiating between poorer and better OS in the development cohort. When compared to the patients with a BMI < 20.2 kg/m2, the patients with a BMI ≥ 20.2 kg/m2 had a significantly better OS (HR = 0.62, 95% CI = 0.54–0.72, p = 1.1 × 10−10). The association was validated in the nationwide cohort, showing better OS in patients with a BMI ≥ 20.2 kg/m2 (HR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.60–0.67, p < 0.01). We suggest the use of a BMI value of 20.2 kg/m2 to predict survival in Asian colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Song
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Doeun Jang
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Yong Jeong
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.W.P.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8331 (A.S.); +82-2-2072-2325 (J.W.P.)
| | - Ji Won Park
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (N.S.); (D.J.); (M.J.K.); (S.-Y.J.)
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.W.P.); Tel.: +82-2-740-8331 (A.S.); +82-2-2072-2325 (J.W.P.)
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Sherity SYE, Shalaby SA, Hassan NE, El-Masry SA, El-Banna RA. Reliability of Contrast CT and Positron Emission Tomography in Post-Surgical Colorectal Cancer and Its Association with Obesity. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:2256-2262. [PMID: 31592007 PMCID: PMC6765076 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-surgical recurrence of cancer colon occurs in one-third of patients within the first two years, so early detection is important. The assessment of the therapeutic response is important to change protocol strategy. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography PET/CT, a valuable tool gives both metabolic and anatomic information for whole-body regions. Obesity is an important risk factor for colorectal cancer. AIM To evaluate post-surgical and therapeutic colorectal cancer by PET/CT and study obesity association to its prognosis. METHODS This was a prospective study involved 93 patients with, post-surgical colorectal cancer examined by PET/CT, then follow up after 4-6 months. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between PET/CT and contrast CT. The sensitivity& the specificity were (96.4%-100% & 92.3%-98.2%) for PET/CT and (84.2%-90.2% & 76.5%-85.4%) for contrast CT respectively. Post-therapeutic follow up showed; progressive course (24.5%), stationary course (26.4%), partial regression (28.3%) and complete regression course (20.8%). Obesity is a risk factor for progression with highly statistically significant to treatment response. Obese patients had a progressive or stationary course of the disease. Also, there was a highly statistically significant association between total abdominal fat & visceral abdominal fat areas with good response of treatment. CONCLUSION PET/CT is the most appropriate imaging technique to detect any recurrence or metastases in post-surgical colorectal cancer with high sensitivity and specificity comparing to CT. Obesity is a predictor risk factor for prognosis of the disease, as generally and abdominally (total & visceral fat) had an association with therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safenaz Y. El Sherity
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shymaa A. Shalaby
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayera E. Hassan
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar A. El-Masry
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rokia A. El-Banna
- Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Colorectal Cancer: Could miRNA Dysregulation Play A Role? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122922. [PMID: 31207998 PMCID: PMC6628223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and low-grade inflammation. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for cancer. A recent chapter in epigenetics is represented by microRNAs (miRNAs), which post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Dysregulated miRNA profiles have been associated with diseases including obesity and cancer. Herein we report dysregulated miRNAs in obesity both in animal models and in humans, and we also document dysregulated miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC), as example of an obesity-related cancer. Some of the described miRNAs are found to be similarly dysregulated both in obesity, insulin resistance (IR), and CRC. Thus, we present miRNAs as a potential molecular link between obesity and CRC onset and development, giving a new perspective on the role of miRNAs in obesity-associated cancers.
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