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Hernandez-Padilla C, Joosten B, Franco A, Cambi A, van den Dries K, Nain AS. Dendritic cell force-migration coupling on aligned fiber networks. Biophys J 2024:S0006-3495(24)00450-8. [PMID: 38993114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2024.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that reside in peripheral tissues and are responsible for initiating adaptive immune responses. As gatekeepers of the immune system, DCs need to continuously explore their surroundings, for which they can rapidly move through various types of connective tissue and basement membranes. DC motility has been extensively studied on flat 2D surfaces, yet the influences of a contextual 3D fibrous environment still need to be described. Using ECM-mimicking suspended fiber networks, we show how immature DCs (iDCs) engage in migratory cycles that allow them to transition from persistent migration to slow migratory states. For a subset of iDCs with high migratory potential, we report the organization of protrusions at the front of the cell body, which reverses upon treatment with inflammation agent PGE2. We identify an unusual migratory response to aligned fiber networks, whereby iDCs use filamentous protrusions to attach laterally and exert forces on fibers to migrate independent of fiber alignment. Increasing the fiber diameter from 200 to 500 nm does not significantly affect the migratory response; however, iDCs respond by forming denser actin bundles around larger diameters. Overall, the correlation between force-coupling and random migration of iDCs in aligned fibrous topography offers new insights into how iDCs might move in fibrous environments in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ben Joosten
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Aime Franco
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Koen van den Dries
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Amrinder S Nain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia.
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2
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Shbeer AM. Current state of knowledge and challenges for harnessing the power of dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155025. [PMID: 38147726 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
DCs have great promise for cancer immunotherapy and are essential for coordinating immune responses. In the battle against cancer, using DCs' ability to stimulate the immune system and focus it on tumor cells has shown to be a viable tactic. This study offers a thorough summary of recent developments as well as potential future paths for DC-based immunotherapy against cancer. This study reviews the many methods used in DC therapy, such as vaccination and active cellular immunotherapy. The effectiveness and safety of DC-based treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and non-small cell lung cancer are highlighted in these investigations. The findings indicate longer survival times and superior results for particular patient groups. We are aware of the difficulties and restrictions of DC-based immunotherapy, though. These include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, the intricacy of DC production, and the heterogeneity within DC populations. More study and development are needed to overcome these challenges to enhance immunological responses, optimize treatment regimens, and increase scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Shbeer
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Dillman RO, Nistor GI, Keirstead HS. Autologous dendritic cells loaded with antigens from self-renewing autologous tumor cells as patient-specific therapeutic cancer vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023:2198467. [PMID: 37133853 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2198467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising personal immunotherapy is autologous dendritic cells (DC) loaded ex vivo with autologous tumor antigens (ATA) derived from self-renewing autologous cancer cells. DC-ATA are suspended in granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor at the time of each subcutaneous injection. Previously, irradiated autologous tumor cell vaccines have produced encouraging results in 150 cancer patients, but the DC-ATA vaccine demonstrated superiority in single-arm and randomized trials in metastatic melanoma. DC-ATA have been injected into more than 200 patients with melanoma, glioblastoma, and ovarian, hepatocellular, and renal cell cancers. Key observations include: [1] greater than 95% success rates for tumor cell cultures and monocyte collection for dendritic cell production; [2] injections are well-tolerated; [3] the immune response is rapid and includes primarily TH1/TH17 cellular responses; [4] efficacy has been suggested by delayed but durable complete tumor regressions in patients with measurable disease, by progression-free survival in glioblastoma, and by overall survival in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel I Nistor
- Research and Development, AIVITA Biomedical Inc, Irvine, CA, USA
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4
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Lindsay RS, Melssen MM, Stasiak K, Annis JL, Woods AN, Rodriguez AB, Brown MG, Engelhard VH. NK cells reduce anergic T cell development in early-stage tumors by promoting myeloid cell maturation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1058894. [PMID: 36531040 PMCID: PMC9755581 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1058894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Studies of NK cells in tumors have primarily focused on their direct actions towards tumor cells. We evaluated the impact of NK cells on expression of homing receptor ligands on tumor vasculature, intratumoral T cell number and function, and T cell activation in tumor draining lymph node. Methods Using an implantable mouse model of melanoma, T cell responses and homing receptor ligand expression on the vasculature were evaluated with and without NK cells present during the early stages of the tumor response by flow cytometry. Results NK cells in early-stage tumors are one source of IFNγ that augments homing receptor ligand expression. More significantly, NK cell depletion resulted in increased numbers of intratumoral T cells with an anergic phenotype. Anergic T cell development in tumor draining lymph node was associated with increased T-cell receptor signaling but decreased proliferation and effector cell activity, and an incomplete maturation phenotype of antigen presenting cells. These effects of NK depletion were similar to those of blocking CD40L stimulation. Discussion We conclude that an important function of NK cells is to drive proper APC maturation via CD40L during responses to early-stage tumors, reducing development of anergic T cells. The reduced development of anergic T cells resulting in improved tumor control and T cell responses when NK cells were present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin S. Lindsay
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Marit M. Melssen
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Katarzyna Stasiak
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jessica L. Annis
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Amber N. Woods
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Anthony B. Rodriguez
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Michael G. Brown
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Victor H. Engelhard
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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5
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Gidwani R, Siddiqui S, Prabhavalkar S. REACTIVE NON-REGIONAL LYMPHADENOPATHY FROM THE COVID-19 mRNA VACCINE: A NOVEL SIDE-EFFECT. THE ULSTER MEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 91:166-167. [PMID: 36474841 PMCID: PMC9720588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rithvik Gidwani
- Renal Unit, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB
| | - Salman Siddiqui
- Renal Unit, Altnagelvin Area Hospital, Glenshane Road, Londonderry BT47 6SB
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6
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Bhattacharya P, Ismail N, Saxena A, Gannavaram S, Dey R, Oljuskin T, Akue A, Takeda K, Yu J, Karmakar S, Dagur PK, McCoy JP, Nakhasi HL. Neutrophil-dendritic cell interaction plays an important role in live attenuated Leishmania vaccine induced immunity. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010224. [PMID: 35192633 PMCID: PMC8896671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophils are involved in the initial host responses to pathogens. Neutrophils can activate T cell responses either independently or through indirect involvement of Dendritic cells (DCs). Recently we have demonstrated direct neutrophil-T cell interactions that initiate adaptive immune responses following immunization with live attenuated Leishmania donovani centrin deleted parasite vaccine (LdCen-/-). However, neutrophil-DC interactions in T cell priming in vaccine immunity in general are not known. In this study we evaluated the interaction between neutrophils and DCs during LdCen-/- infection and compared with wild type parasite (LdWT) both in vitro and in vivo. Methodology/findings LdCen-/- parasite induced increased expression of CCL3 in neutrophils caused higher recruitment of DCs capable of inducing a strong proinflammatory response and elevated co-stimulatory molecule expression compared to LdWT infection. To further illustrate neutrophil-DCs interactions in vivo, we infected LYS-eGFP mice with red fluorescent LdWT/LdCen-/- parasites and sort selected DCs that engulfed the neutrophil containing parasites or DCs that acquired the parasites directly in the ear draining lymph nodes (dLN) 5d post infection. The DCs predominantly acquired the parasites by phagocytosing infected neutrophils. Specifically, DCs containing LdCen-/- parasitized neutrophils exhibited a proinflammatory phenotype, increased expression of costimulatory molecules and initiated higher CD4+T cell priming ex-vivo. Notably, potent DC activation occurred when LdCen-/- parasites were acquired indirectly via engulfment of parasitized neutrophils compared to direct engulfment of LdCen-/- parasites by DCs. Neutrophil depletion in LdCen-/- infected mice significantly abrogated expression of CCL3 resulting in decreased DC recruitment in ear dLN. This event led to poor CD4+Th1 cell priming ex vivo that correlated with attenuated Tbet expression in ear dLN derived CD4+ T cells in vivo. Conclusions Collectively, LdCen-/- containing neutrophils phagocytized by DC markedly influence the phenotype and antigen presenting capacity of DCs early on and thus play an immune-regulatory role in shaping vaccine induced host protective response. Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), caused by the protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania is a neglected tropical disease. Leishmania donovani is the principal causative agent of VL in East Africa and the Indian subcontinent whereas in Europe, North Africa, and Latin America VL is mainly caused by Leishmania infantum. No licensed vaccine exists against VL. We have reported previously that live attenuated centrin gene-deleted L. donovani (LdCen-/-) parasite vaccine induced strong innate immunity which leads to a protective Th1 response in animal models. We recently demonstrated that neutrophils play an indispensable role following immunization with LdCen-/- parasites in inducing protective Th1 immune response. However, neutrophils also secrete chemokines that attract other innate cells such as dendritic cells and regulate their activities. In the current study we analyzed the interplay between neutrophils and DCs, and its effects on T cell activation during LdCen-/- infection and compared with wild type parasite (LdWT) infection. We observed that higher recruitment of DCs occurred in LdCen-/- infected mice ear draining lymph nodes compared to LdWT. This recruitment is facilitated by increased secretion of the chemokine CCL3 by neutrophils. A markedly decreased DC recruitment was observed in LdCen-/- infected mice following CCL3 neutralization indicating the key role of neutrophils in DC recruitment. Further, we demonstrated that DCs that ingest LdCen-/- infected neutrophils are better activated than those that acquire the parasites independent of neutrophils. Notably neutrophil depletion in LdCen-/- infected mice also attenuated activation of DCs in the ear dLN that resulted in poor CD4+T cell priming. Our results reveal that interaction between neutrophils and DCs play an important role in shaping proinflammatory immune response induced by a live attenuated Leishmania vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parna Bhattacharya
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PB); (HLN)
| | - Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ankit Saxena
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ranadhir Dey
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timur Oljuskin
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adovi Akue
- Division of Bacterial, Parasitic, and Allergenic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - James Yu
- Division of Blood Components and Devices, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Subir Karmakar
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Pradeep K. Dagur
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Philip McCoy
- Flow Cytometry Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hira L. Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Disease, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PB); (HLN)
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7
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Brown LV, Wagg J, Darley R, van Hateren A, Elliott T, Gaffney EA, Coles MC. De-risking clinical trial failure through mechanistic simulation. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2022; 2:ltac017. [PMID: 36176591 PMCID: PMC9514113 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development typically comprises a combination of pre-clinical experimentation, clinical trials, and statistical data-driven analyses. Therapeutic failure in late-stage clinical development costs the pharmaceutical industry billions of USD per year. Clinical trial simulation represents a key derisking strategy and combining them with mechanistic models allows one to test hypotheses for mechanisms of failure and to improve trial designs. This is illustrated with a T-cell activation model, used to simulate the clinical trials of IMA901, a short-peptide cancer vaccine. Simulation results were consistent with observed outcomes and predicted that responses are limited by peptide off-rates, peptide competition for dendritic cell (DC) binding, and DC migration times. These insights were used to hypothesise alternate trial designs predicted to improve efficacy outcomes. This framework illustrates how mechanistic models can complement clinical, experimental, and data-driven studies to understand, test, and improve trial designs, and how results may differ between humans and mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam V Brown
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Jonathan Wagg
- Pharmaceutical Sciences–Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel , Basel , Switzerland
| | - Rachel Darley
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Andy van Hateren
- Centre for Cancer Immunology, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton , Southampton , UK
| | - Tim Elliott
- Centre for Immuno-oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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8
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Eren U, Kum S, Nazligul A, Gules O, Aka E, Yildiz M, Zorlu S. TLR2 and TLR4 molecules and antigen-presenting cell compositions in cecal tonsils of broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) in the first two weeks of the post-hatch period. Anat Histol Embryol 2021; 51:125-135. [PMID: 34866215 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chickens do not have lymph nodes. Gut-associated lymphoid tissue is the major immunological organization for the digestive system. Cecal tonsils are an important part of this organization. This study is a descriptive and experimental study that was conducted to determine the histological development of the cecal tonsils and the distribution of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4 and antigen-presenting cells during the first 2 weeks of the chick's life. The tissue sections were stained using Crossmon's triple technique, Gordon and Sweet's silver impregnation, and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex methods. The classical tonsil framework with fossa and tonsillar units were observed in 4 days cecal tissue. The web of reticular fibres forming the stroma of the tissue had the impression that the lymphoid cells filling in time. The development of cecal tonsil was completed histologically on the day 10 and following day 14 samples. Regardless of the antigenic stimulation, TLR2, TLR4 and CD83, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are present in proximal cecal tissue. However, CD83-positive dendritic cells in the germinal centre were first distinguished on day 7. Furthermore, the high antigen presentation capacity of the cecum with an intense MHC class II molecule expression was determined. Histological and immunohistochemical findings in this study revealed that both innate and adaptive cecal defence mechanisms were in the learning period during the first 2 weeks. The learning period of innate immunity may require more detailed research. However, the results obtained in this study will be taken into consideration in the vaccination programmes in chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulker Eren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Sadiye Kum
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Nazligul
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Ozay Gules
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Afyon Kocatepe, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Ebru Aka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yildiz
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Can School of Applied Sciences, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - Secil Zorlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Aydin Adnan Menderes, Aydin, Turkey
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Kumar US, Afjei R, Ferrara K, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. Gold-Nanostar-Chitosan-Mediated Delivery of SARS-CoV-2 DNA Vaccine for Respiratory Mucosal Immunization: Development and Proof-of-Principle. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17582-17601. [PMID: 34705425 PMCID: PMC8565460 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (SC2). A variety of anti-SC2 vaccines have been approved for human applications, including those using messenger RNA (mRNA), adenoviruses expressing SC2 spike (S) protein, and inactivated virus. The protective periods of immunization afforded by these intramuscularly administered vaccines are currently unknown. An alternative self-administrable vaccine capable of mounting long-lasting immunity via sterilizing neutralizing antibodies would be hugely advantageous in tackling emerging mutant SC2 variants. This could also diminish the possibility of vaccinated individuals acting as passive carriers of COVID-19. Here, we investigate the potential of an intranasal (IN)-delivered DNA vaccine encoding the S protein of SC2 in BALB/c and C57BL/6J immunocompetent mouse models. The immune response to IN delivery of this SC2-spike DNA vaccine transported on a modified gold-chitosan nanocarrier shows a strong and consistent surge in antibodies (IgG, IgA, and IgM) and effective neutralization of pseudoviruses expressing S proteins of different SC2 variants (Wuhan, beta, and D614G). Immunophenotyping and histological analyses reveal chronological events involved in the recognition of SC2 S antigen by resident dendritic cells and alveolar macrophages, which prime the draining lymph nodes and spleen for peak SC2-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. The attainable high levels of anti-SC2 IgA in lung mucosa and tissue-resident memory T cells can efficiently inhibit SC2 and its variants at the site of entry and also provide long-lasting immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday S. Kumar
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rayhaneh Afjei
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Katherine Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tarik F. Massoud
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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10
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McDonnell AM, Currie AJ, Brown M, Kania K, Wylie B, Cleaver A, Lake R, Robinson BWS. Tumor cells, rather than dendritic cells, deliver antigen to the lymph node for cross-presentation. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:840-846. [PMID: 23162751 PMCID: PMC3489739 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that generation of tumor specific CD8+ T-cell responses occur via cross-priming; however the source of tumor antigen for this event is unknown. We examined the source and form of tumor antigen required for cross-presentation in the local lymph node (LN) using a syngeneic mouse tumor model expressing a marker antigen. We found that cross-presentation of this model tumor antigen in the LN is dependent on continuous traffic of antigen from the tumor site, but without any detectable migration of tumor resident dendritic cells (DCs). Instead, small numbers of tumor cells metastasize to local LNs where they are exposed to a localized CTL attack, resulting in delivery of tumor antigen into the cross-presentation pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M McDonnell
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; The University of Western Australia; Crawley, Australia ; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases; The University of Western Australia; Crawley, Australia
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11
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Koh WH, Lopez P, Ajibola O, Parvarchian R, Mohammad U, Hnatiuk R, Kindrachuk J, Murooka TT. HIV-Captured DCs Regulate T Cell Migration and Cell-Cell Contact Dynamics to Enhance Viral Spread. iScience 2020; 23:101427. [PMID: 32798973 PMCID: PMC7452485 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking of cell-associated HIV-1 from the genital mucosa to lymphoid organs represents a critical first step toward systemic infection. Mature DCs capture and transmit HIV-1 to T cells, but insights into DC-to-T cell viral spread dynamics within a 3-dimensional environment is lacking. Using live-cell imaging, we show that mature DCs rapidly compartmentalize HIV-1 within surface-accessible invaginations near the uropod. HIV-1 capture did not interfere with DC migration toward lymph node homing chemo-attractants and their ability to enter lymphatic vessels. However, HIV-captured DCs engaged in prolonged contacts with autologous CD4+ T cells, which led to high T cell infection. Interestingly, we show that surface bound, virion-associated Env induced signal transduction in motile T cells that facilitated prolonged DC:T cell interactions, partially through high-affinity LFA-1 expression. Together, we describe a mechanism by which surface bound HIV-1 particles function as signaling receptors that regulate T cell motility, cell-cell contact dynamics, and productive infection. Mature DCs compartmentalize HIV particles near the uropodia via Siglec-1 receptor HIV-captured DCs respond to lymph node-homing chemokines and access lymphatics Prolonged contacts between HIV-captured DCs and CD4 T cells facilitate virus transfer Surface-accessible HIV particles can induce T cell signaling via Env:CD4 engagement
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hon Koh
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun Ajibola
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Roshan Parvarchian
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Umar Mohammad
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ryan Hnatiuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Immunology, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; University of Manitoba, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Winnipeg, Canada.
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12
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West Nile Virus: An Update on Pathobiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostics, Control and "One Health" Implications. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9070589. [PMID: 32707644 PMCID: PMC7400489 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9070589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and “One Health” implications of WNV infection and disease.
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13
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Qian C, Yang LJ, Cui H. Recent Advances in Nanotechnology for Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:960. [PMID: 32694998 PMCID: PMC7338589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most important antigen-presenting cells that determine cancer immune responses by regulating immune activation and tolerance, especially in the initiation stage of specific responses. Manipulation of DCs to enhance specific antitumor immune response is considered to be a powerful tool for tumor eradication. Nanotechnology, which can incorporate multifunction components and show spatiotemporal control properties, is of great interest and is widely investigated for its ability to improve immune response activity against cancer and even for prevention and avoiding recurrence. In this mini-review, we aim to provide a general view of DC-based immunotherapy, including that involving the promising nanotechnology. Particularly we discuss: (1) manipulation or engineering of DCs for adoptive vaccination, (2) employing DCs as a combination to more existing therapeutics in tumor treatment, and (3) direct modulation of DCs in vivo to enhance antigen presentation efficacy and priming T cells subsequently. We comprehensively discuss the updates on the application of nanotechnology in DC-based immunotherapy and provide some insights on the challenges and opportunities of DC-based immunotherapeutics, including the potential of nanotechnology, against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hong Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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14
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George PJ, Tai W, Du L, Lustigman S. The Potency of an Anti-MERS Coronavirus Subunit Vaccine Depends on a Unique Combinatorial Adjuvant Formulation. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020251. [PMID: 32471056 PMCID: PMC7350031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful strategies to prevent human infectious diseases. Combinatorial adjuvants have gained increasing interest as they can stimulate multiple immune pathways and enhance the vaccine efficacy of subunit vaccines. We investigated the adjuvanticity of Aluminum (alum) in combination with rASP-1, a protein adjuvant, using the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus MERS-CoV receptor-binding-domain (RBD) vaccine antigen. A highly enhanced anti-MERS-CoV neutralizing antibody response was induced when mice were immunized with rASP-1 and the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in two separate injection sites as compared to mice immunized with RBD + rASP-1 + alum formulated into a single inoculum. The antibodies produced also significantly inhibited the binding of RBD to its cell-associated receptor. Moreover, immunization with rASP-1 co-administered with the alum-adjuvanted RBD vaccine in separate sites resulted in an enhanced frequency of TfH and GC B cells within the draining lymph nodes, both of which were positively associated with the titers of the neutralizing antibody response related to anti-MERS-CoV protective immunity. Our findings not only indicate that this unique combinatorial adjuvanted RBD vaccine regimen improved the immunogenicity of RBD, but also point to the importance of utilizing combinatorial adjuvants for the induction of synergistic protective immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parakkal Jovvian George
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (W.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Lanying Du
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; (W.T.); (L.D.)
| | - Sara Lustigman
- Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY 10065, USA;
- Correspondence:
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15
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Legrand AJ, Konstantinou M, Goode EF, Meier P. The Diversification of Cell Death and Immunity: Memento Mori. Mol Cell 2019; 76:232-242. [PMID: 31586546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Why do cells have so many ways to die? Why does "cellular suicide" exist at all? In the war against pathogens and rogue cells, organisms developed cellular suicide as a last resort. Fighting an evolutionary arms race, cell death pathways have adapted and multiplied to cover the complexity of the foes the immune system faces. In this review, we discuss the different types of cell death, the underlying signaling events, and their unequal ability to trigger an immune response. We also comment on how to use our knowledge of cell death signaling to improve the efficacy of cancer treatment. We argue that cell death is integral to the immune response and acts as a beacon, a second messenger, that guides both immune system and tissue micro-environment to ensure tissue repair and homeostasis. Memento mori-"remember you must die"-as failure to do so opens the way to chronic infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud J Legrand
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Maria Konstantinou
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Emily F Goode
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Pascal Meier
- Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
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16
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Chan M, Lao FS, Chu PJ, Shpigelman J, Yao S, Nan J, Sato-Kaneko F, Li V, Hayashi T, Corr M, Carson DA, Cottam HB, Shukla NM. Structure–Activity Relationship Studies To Identify Affinity Probes in Bis-aryl Sulfonamides That Prolong Immune Stimuli. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9521-9540. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Fitzgerald S. Lao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Paul J. Chu
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Jonathan Shpigelman
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Shiyin Yao
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Jason Nan
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Fumi Sato-Kaneko
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Vicky Li
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Tomoko Hayashi
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dennis A. Carson
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Howard B. Cottam
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
| | - Nikunj M. Shukla
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0695, United States
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17
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Buckley PR, Alden K, Coccia M, Chalon A, Collignon C, Temmerman ST, Didierlaurent AM, van der Most R, Timmis J, Andersen CA, Coles MC. Application of Modeling Approaches to Explore Vaccine Adjuvant Mode-of-Action. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2150. [PMID: 31572370 PMCID: PMC6751289 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel adjuvant technologies have a key role in the development of next-generation vaccines, due to their capacity to modulate the duration, strength and quality of the immune response. The AS01 adjuvant is used in the malaria vaccine RTS,S/AS01 and in the licensed herpes-zoster vaccine (Shingrix) where the vaccine has proven its ability to generate protective responses with both robust humoral and T-cell responses. For many years, animal models have provided insights into adjuvant mode-of-action (MoA), generally through investigating individual genes or proteins. Furthermore, modeling and simulation techniques can be utilized to integrate a variety of different data types; ranging from serum biomarkers to large scale “omics” datasets. In this perspective we present a framework to create a holistic integration of pre-clinical datasets and immunological literature in order to develop an evidence-based hypothesis of AS01 adjuvant MoA, creating a unified view of multiple experiments. Furthermore, we highlight how holistic systems-knowledge can serve as a basis for the construction of models and simulations supporting exploration of key questions surrounding adjuvant MoA. Using the Systems-Biology-Graphical-Notation, a tool for graphical representation of biological processes, we have captured high-level cellular behaviors and interactions, and cytokine dynamics during the early immune response, which are substantiated by a series of diagrams detailing cellular dynamics. Through explicitly describing AS01 MoA we have built a consensus of understanding across multiple experiments, and so we present a framework to integrate modeling approaches into exploring adjuvant MoA, in order to guide experimental design, interpret results and inform rational design of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Buckley
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran Alden
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Timmis
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Technology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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18
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De Laere M, Berneman ZN, Cools N. To the Brain and Back: Migratory Paths of Dendritic Cells in Multiple Sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 77:178-192. [PMID: 29342287 PMCID: PMC5901086 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlx114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migration of dendritic cells (DC) to the central nervous system (CNS) is a critical event in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). While up until now, research has mainly focused on the transmigration of DC through the blood-brain barrier, experimental evidence points out that also the choroid plexus and meningeal vessels represent important gateways to the CNS, especially in early disease stages. On the other hand, DC can exit the CNS to maintain immunological tolerance to patterns expressed in the CNS, a process that is perturbed in MS. Targeting trafficking of immune cells, including DC, to the CNS has demonstrated to be a successful strategy to treat MS. However, this approach is known to compromise protective immune surveillance of the brain. Unravelling the migratory paths of regulatory and pathogenic DC within the CNS may ultimately lead to the design of new therapeutic strategies able to selectively interfere with the recruitment of pathogenic DC to the CNS, while leaving host protective mechanisms intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime De Laere
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp
| | - Zwi N Berneman
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp.,Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Cools
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp
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19
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Brown LV, Gaffney EA, Wagg J, Coles MC. An in silico model of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activation in the lymph node following short peptide vaccination. J R Soc Interface 2019. [PMID: 29540543 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2018.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour immunotherapy is dependent upon activation and expansion of tumour-targetting immune cells, known as cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs). Cancer vaccines developed in the past have had limited success and the mechanisms resulting in failure are not well characterized. To elucidate these mechanisms, we developed a human-parametrized, in silico, agent-based model of vaccination-driven CTL activation within a clinical short-peptide vaccination context. The simulations predict a sharp transition in the probability of CTL activation, which occurs with variation in the separation rate (or off-rate) of tumour-specific immune response-inducing peptides (cognate antigen) from the major histocompatibility class I (MHC-I) receptors of dendritic cells (DCs) originally at the vaccination site. For peptides with MHC-I off-rates beyond this transition, it is predicted that no vaccination strategy will lead to successful expansion of CTLs. For slower off-rates, below the transition, the probability of CTL activation becomes sensitive to the numbers of DCs and T cells that interact subsequent to DC migration to the draining lymph node of the vaccination site. Thus, the off-rate is a key determinant of vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam V Brown
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre For Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jonathan Wagg
- Clinical Pharmacology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark C Coles
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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20
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Inflammation research sails through the sea of immunology to reach immunometabolism. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 73:128-145. [PMID: 31096130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs as a result of acute trauma, invasion of the host by different pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or chronic cellular stress generating damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Thus inflammation may occur under both sterile inflammatory conditions including certain cancers, autoimmune or autoinflammatory diseases (Rheumatic arthritis (RA)) and infectious diseases including sepsis, pneumonia-associated acute lung inflammation (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The pathogenesis of inflammation involves dysregulation of an otherwise protective immune response comprising of various innate and adaptive immune cells and humoral (cytokines and chemokines) mediators secreted by these immune cells upon the activation of signaling mechanisms regulated by the activation of different pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). However, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory action of these immune cells is determined by the metabolic stage of the immune cells. The metabolic process of immune cells is called immunometabolism and its shift determined by inflammatory stimuli is called immunometabolic reprogramming. The article focuses on the involvement of various immune cells generating the inflammation, their interaction, immunometabolic reprogramming, and the therapeutic targeting of the immunometabolism to manage inflammation.
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21
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Barbier L, Sáez PJ, Attia R, Lennon-Duménil AM, Lavi I, Piel M, Vargas P. Myosin II Activity Is Selectively Needed for Migration in Highly Confined Microenvironments in Mature Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:747. [PMID: 31031752 PMCID: PMC6474329 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon infection, mature dendritic cells (mDCs) migrate from peripheral tissue to lymph nodes (LNs) to activate T lymphocytes and initiate the adaptive immune response. This fast and tightly regulated process is tuned by different microenvironmental factors, such as the physical properties of the tissue. Mechanistically, mDCs migration mostly relies on acto-myosin flow and contractility that depend on non-muscular Myosin IIA (MyoII) activity. However, the specific contribution of this molecular motor for mDCs navigation in complex microenvironments has yet to be fully established. Here, we identified a specific role of MyoII activity in the regulation of mDCs migration in highly confined microenvironments. Using microfluidic systems, we observed that during mDCs chemotaxis in 3D collagen gels under defined CCL21 gradients, MyoII activity was required to sustain their fast speed but not to orientate them toward the chemokine. Indeed, despite the fact that mDCs speed declined, these cells still migrated through the 3D gels, indicating that this molecular motor has a discrete function during their motility in this irregular microenvironment. Consistently, using microchannels of different sizes, we found that MyoII activity was essential to maintain fast cell speed specifically under strong confinement. Analysis of cell motility through micrometric holes further demonstrated that cell contractility facilitated mDCs passage only over very small gaps. Altogether, this work highlights that high contractility acts as an adaptation mechanism exhibited by mDCs to optimize their motility in restricted landscapes. Hence, MyoII activity ultimately facilitates their navigation in highly confined areas of structurally irregular tissues, contributing to the fine-tuning of their homing to LNs to initiate adaptive immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Barbier
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Pablo J Sáez
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Rafaele Attia
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Ido Lavi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pablo Vargas
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
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22
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23
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Yang J, Zhang S, Zhang L, Xie X, Wang H, Jie Z, Gu M, Yang JY, Cheng X, Sun SC. Lymphatic endothelial cells regulate B-cell homing to lymph nodes via a NIK-dependent mechanism. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 16:165-177. [PMID: 29503445 PMCID: PMC6355805 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
B cells home to the lymph nodes (LNs) via high endothelial venules (HEVs) under the guidance of chemokines, particularly CXCL13. However, as CXCL13 is not directly made in HEVs, the molecular mechanism mediating B-cell homing to LNs has remained unclear. We show here that nuclear factor (NF)-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), a kinase mediating activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, functions in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) to regulate B-cell homing to LNs. LEC-conditional deletion of NIK in mice did not affect the integrity or global function of lymphatic vessels but caused a severe reduction in the frequency of B cells in LNs. The LEC-specific NIK deficiency did not affect the survival of B cells or the frequency of B cells in the spleen. B-cell adoptive transfer studies revealed that the LEC-specific NIK deletion impairs the ability of LNs to recruit B cells. We further show that NIK mediates expression of the chemokines CXCL13 and CCL19 in LECs. Although CCL19 is also expressed in blood endothelial cells (BECs), CXCL13 is not produced in BECs. These results suggest that NIK regulates naive B-cell homing to LNs via mediating production of the B-cell homing chemokine CXCL13 in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siya Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, 100005, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zuliang Jie
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meidi Gu
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin-Young Yang
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuhong Cheng
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 77030, Houston, TX, USA.
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24
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Lee ES, Shin JM, Son S, Ko H, Um W, Song SH, Lee JA, Park JH. Recent Advances in Polymeric Nanomedicines for Cancer Immunotherapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801320. [PMID: 30666822 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising approach to treat cancer, since it facilitates eradication of cancer by enhancing innate and/or adaptive immunity without using cytotoxic drugs. Of the immunotherapeutic approaches, significant clinical potentials are shown in cancer vaccination, immune checkpoint therapy, and adoptive cell transfer. Nevertheless, conventional immunotherapies often involve immune-related adverse effects, such as liver dysfunction, hypophysitis, type I diabetes, and neuropathy. In an attempt to address these issues, polymeric nanomedicines are extensively investigated in recent years. In this review, recent advances in polymeric nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are highlighted and thoroughly discussed in terms of 1) antigen presentation, 2) activation of antigen-presenting cells and T cells, and 3) promotion of effector cells. Also, the future perspectives to develop ideal nanomedicines for cancer immunotherapy are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sook Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Um
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ho Song
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ah Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology; SAIHST; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering; Sungkyunkwan University; Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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25
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Kraus T, Winter G, Engert J. Test models for the evaluation of immunogenicity of protein aggregates. Int J Pharm 2019; 559:192-200. [PMID: 30665000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregates have been discussed for a long time as a potential risk factor for immunogenicity in patients. Meanwhile, many research groups have investigated the immunogenicity of differently produced aggregates using in vitro or in vivo models. Despite all knowledge gained in these studies still little is known about the mechanisms of immunogenicity and the kind of protein aggregates bearing the greatest risk for immunogenicity. The choice of a suitable test model regarding the predictability of immunogenicity of protein aggregates in humans plays a major role and influences results and conclusions substantially. In this review we will provide an overview of the test models recently used for the evaluation of immunogenicity of protein aggregates; we will discuss advantages and drawbacks regarding their usability and predictive power for immunogenicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kraus
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Winter
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Engert
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology & Biopharmaceutics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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26
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Wang P, Dong S, Zhao P, He X, Chen M. Direct loading of CTL epitopes onto MHC class I complexes on dendritic cell surface in vivo. Biomaterials 2018; 182:92-103. [PMID: 30107273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope vaccines are effective to induce CTL responses but require complex ex vivo DC preparation and epitope-loading. To take advantage of DC-based epitope vaccines without involving the ex vivo procedures, we aimed to develop carriers to directly load CTL epitopes onto DCs in vivo. Here, we first engineered a carrier consisting of a hydrophilic polypeptide, immune-tolerant elastin-like polypeptide (iTEP) and a substrate peptide of matrix metalloproteinases-9 (sMMP). The iTEP was able to solubilize CTL epitopes. CTL epitopes were connected to the carrier, iTEP-sMMP, through sMMP so that the epitopes can be cleaved from the carrier by MMP-9. iTEP-sMMP was found to release its epitope payloads in the DC culture media, which contained MMP-9 released from DCs. iTEP-sMMP allowed for the direct loading of CTL epitopes onto the surface MHC class I complexes of DCs. Importantly, iTEP-sMMP resulted in greater epitope presentation by DCs both in vitro and in vivo than a control carrier that cannot directly load epitopes. iTEP-sMMP also induced 2-fold stronger immune responses than the control carrier. To further enhance the direct epitope-loading strategy, we furnished iTEP-sMMP with an albumin-binding domain (ABD) and found the new carrier, ABD-iTEP-sMMP, had greater lymph node (LN) accumulation than iTEP-sMMP. ABD-iTEP-sMMP also resulted in greater immune responses than iTEP-sMMP by 1.5-fold. Importantly, ABD-iTEP-sMMP-delivered CTL epitope vaccine induced stronger immune responses than free CTL epitope vaccine. Taken together, these carriers utilized two physiological features of DCs to realize direct epitope-loading in vivo: the accumulation of DCs in LNs and MMP-9 released from DCs. These carriers are a potential substitute for DC-based CTL epitope vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Shuyun Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Mingnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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Díaz FE, Abarca K, Kalergis AM. An Update on Host-Pathogen Interplay and Modulation of Immune Responses during Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00076-17. [PMID: 29386235 PMCID: PMC5967693 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00076-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus in humans, a serious mite-borne disease present in a widespread area of endemicity, which affects an estimated 1 million people every year. This disease may exhibit a broad range of presentations, ranging from asymptomatic to fatal conditions, with the latter being due to disseminated endothelial infection and organ injury. Unique characteristics of the biology and host-pathogen interactions of O. tsutsugamushi, including the high antigenic diversity among strains and the highly variable, short-lived memory responses developed by the host, underlie difficulties faced in the pursuit of an effective vaccine, which is an imperative need. Other factors that have hindered scientific progress relative to the infectious mechanisms of and the immune response triggered by this bacterium in vertebrate hosts include the limited number of mechanistic studies performed on animal models and the lack of genetic tools currently available for this pathogen. However, recent advances in animal model development are promising to improve our understanding of host-pathogen interactions. Here, we comprehensively discuss the recent advances in and future perspectives on host-pathogen interactions and the modulation of immune responses related to this reemerging disease, highlighting the role of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián E Díaz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- Departamento en Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Human dendritic cell sequestration onto the Necator americanus larval sheath during ex-sheathing: a possible mechanism for immune privilege. Parasitology 2018; 145:1183-1190. [PMID: 29455681 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182018000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite the profound health implications of Necator americanus infection in humans, many aspects of its interaction with the host immune system are poorly understood. Here we investigated the early events at the interface of N. americanus larvae (L3) and human dendritic cells (DCs). Our data show that co-culturing DCs and the larvae trigger ex-sheathing of hookworms rapidly where a majority of DCs are sequestered onto the larval sheath allowing the ex-sheathed larvae to migrate away unchallenged. Intriguingly, DCs show negligible interaction with the ex-sheathed larvae, alluding to differences between the surface chemistry of the larva and its sheath. Furthermore, blocking of two key C-type lectin receptors on DC surface (i.e. DC-SIGN and mannose receptor) resulted in inhibition of ex-sheathing process and DC sequestration, highlighting the importance of C-type lectins on DCs in the induction of the ex-sheathing. Analyses of DC phenotype and cytokine profile after co-culture with the N. americanus larvae showed an immature phenotype as evidenced by the low expression of the maturation markers and cytokines. These data provide new insights into early events at the interface of human DCs and N. americanus larvae and could explain how L3 evade immune recognition upon initial interaction with DCs.
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Sanchez JJ, Noor S, Davies S, Savage D, Milligan ED. Prenatal alcohol exposure is a risk factor for adult neuropathic pain via aberrant neuroimmune function. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:254. [PMID: 29258553 PMCID: PMC5738192 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies show that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) results in effects that persist into adulthood. Experimental animal models of moderate PAE demonstrate that young adults with PAE display potentiated sensitivity to light touch, clinically termed allodynia, following sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) that coincides with heightened spinal glial, spinal macrophage, and peripheral immune responses. However, basal touch sensitivity and corresponding glial and leukocyte activation are unaltered. Therefore, the current study explored whether the enduring pathological consequences of moderate PAE on sensory processing are unmasked only following secondary neural insult. METHODS In middle-aged (1 year) Long Evans rats that underwent either prenatal saccharin exposure (control) or moderate PAE, we modified the well-characterized model of sciatic neuropathy, CCI, to study the effects of PAE on neuro-immune responses in adult offspring. Standard CCI manipulation required 4 chromic gut sutures, while a mild version applied a single suture loosely ligated around one sciatic nerve. Spinal glial immunoreactivity was examined using immunohistochemistry. The characterization and functional responses of leukocyte populations were studied using flow cytometry and cell stimulation assays followed by quantification of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and unpaired t tests. RESULTS The current report demonstrates that mild CCI generates robust allodynia only in PAE rats, while the pathological effects of PAE following the application of a standard CCI are revealed by enhanced allodynia and elevated spinal glial activation. Additionally, mild CCI increases spinal astrocyte activation but not microglia, suggesting astrocytes play a larger role in PAE-induced susceptibility to aberrant sensory processing. Leukocyte populations from PAE are altered under basal conditions (i.e., prior to secondary insult), as the distribution of leukocyte populations in lymphoid organs and other regions are different from those of controls. Lastly, following in vitro leukocyte stimulation, only PAE augments the immune response to antigen stimulation as assessed by heightened production of TNF-α and IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS These studies demonstrate PAE may prime spinal astrocytes and peripheral leukocytes that contribute to enduring susceptibility to adult-onset neuropathic pain that is not apparent until a secondary insult later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J. Sanchez
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Shahani Noor
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Suzy Davies
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Daniel Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
| | - Erin D. Milligan
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, MSC08 4740, Albuquerque, NM 87131-001 USA
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Phillips BE, Garciafigueroa Y, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Clinical Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells: Exploring Therapeutic Impact on Human Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1279. [PMID: 29075262 PMCID: PMC5643419 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolerogenic dendritic cell (tDC)-based clinical trials for the treatment of autoimmune diseases are now a reality. Clinical trials are currently exploring the effectiveness of tDC to treat autoimmune diseases of type 1 diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis (MS), and Crohn's disease. This review will address tDC employed in current clinical trials, focusing on cell characteristics, mechanisms of action, and clinical findings. To date, the publicly reported human trials using tDC indicate that regulatory lymphocytes (largely Foxp3+ T-regulatory cell and, in one trial, B-regulatory cells) are, for the most part, increased in frequency in the circulation. Other than this observation, there are significant differences in the major phenotypes of the tDC. These differences may affect the outcome in efficacy of recently launched and impending phase II trials. Recent efforts to establish a catalog listing where tDC converge and diverge in phenotype and functional outcome are an important first step toward understanding core mechanisms of action and critical "musts" for tDC to be therapeutically successful. In our view, the most critical parameter to efficacy is in vivo stability of the tolerogenic activity over phenotype. As such, methods that generate tDC that can induce and stably maintain immune hyporesponsiveness to allo- or disease-specific autoantigens in the presence of powerful pro-inflammatory signals are those that will fare better in primary endpoints in phase II clinical trials (e.g., disease improvement, preservation of autoimmunity-targeted tissue, allograft survival). We propose that pre-treatment phenotypes of tDC in the absence of functional stability are of secondary value especially as such phenotypes can dramatically change following administration, especially under dynamic changes in the inflammatory state of the patient. Furthermore, understanding the outcomes of different methods of cell delivery and sites of delivery on functional outcomes, as well as quality control variability in the functional outcomes resulting from the various approaches of generating tDC for clinical use, will inform more standardized ex vivo generation methods. An understanding of these similarities and differences, with a reference point the large number of naturally occurring tDC populations with different immune profiles described in the literature, could explain some of the expected and unanticipated outcomes of emerging tDC clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Eugene Phillips
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Allegheny Health Network Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Light Guided In-vivo Activation of Innate Immune Cells with Photocaged TLR 2/6 Agonist. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8074. [PMID: 28808328 PMCID: PMC5556111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08520-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the immune system creates challenges in exploring its importance and robustness. To date, there have been few techniques developed to manipulate individual components of the immune system in an in vivo environment. Here we show a light-based dendritic cell (DC) activation allowing spatial and temporal control of immune activation in vivo. Additionally, we show time dependent changes in RNA profiles of the draining lymph node, suggesting a change in cell profile following DC migration and indicating that the cells migrating have been activated towards antigen presentation.
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The development of dendritic cell vaccine-based immunotherapies for glioblastoma. Semin Immunopathol 2017; 39:225-239. [PMID: 28138787 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on the biologic advantages of dendritic cell-based vaccinations as a therapeutic strategy for cancer as well as preclinical and emerging clinical data associated with such approaches for glioblastoma patients.
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Metabolites: deciphering the molecular language between DCs and their environment. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 39:177-198. [PMID: 27921148 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) determine the outcome of the immune response based on signals they receive from the environment. Presentation of antigen under various contexts can lead to activation and differentiation of T cells for immunity or dampening of immune responses by establishing tolerance, primarily through the priming of regulatory T cells. Infections, inflammation and normal cellular interactions shape DC responses through direct contact or via cytokine signaling. Although it is widely accepted that DCs sense microbial components through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), increasing evidence advocates for the existence of a set of signals that can profoundly shape DC function via PRR-independent pathways. This diverse group of host- or commensal-derived metabolites represents a newly appreciated code from which DCs can interpret environmental cues. In this review, we discuss the existing information on the effect of some of the most studied metabolites on DC function, together with the implications this may have in immune-mediated diseases.
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Rodriguez-Ruiz ME, Garasa S, Rodriguez I, Solorzano JL, Barbes B, Yanguas A, Teijeira A, Etxeberria I, Aristu JJ, Halin C, Melero I, Rouzaut A. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule Are Induced by Ionizing Radiation on Lymphatic Endothelium. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016; 97:389-400. [PMID: 28068246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to assess the effects of ionizing radiation on the expression of the integrin ligands ICAM-1 and VCAM that control leucocyte transit by lymphatic endothelial cells. MATERIALS/METHODS Confluent monolayers of primary human lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) were irradiated with single dose of 2, 5, 10 or 20 Gy, with 6 MeV-x-rays using a Linear-Accelerator. ICAM-1 and VCAM expression was determined by flow cytometry. Human tissue specimens received a single dose of 20 Gy with 15 MeV-x-rays. MC38, B16-OVA or B16-VEGF-C tumors grown in C57BL/6 mice were irradiated with single dose of 20Gy using a Linear-Accelerator fitted with a 10mm Radiosurgery collimator. Clinical samples were obtained from patients previous and 4 weeks after complete standard radiotherapy. ICAM-1 and VCAM expression was detected in all tissue specimens by confocal microscopy. To understand the role of TGFβ in this process anti-TGFβ blocking mAb were injected i.p. 30min before radiotherapy. Cell adhesion to irradiated LEC was analyzed in adhesion experiments performed in the presence or in the absence of anti- TGFβ and /or anti-ICAM1 blocking mAb. RESULTS We demonstrate that lymphatic endothelial cells in tumor samples experience induction of surface ICAM-1 and VCAM when exposed to ionizing radiation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These effects can be recapitulated in cultured LEC, and are in part mediated by TGFβ. These data are consistent with increases in ICAM-1 and VCAM expression on LYVE-1+ endothelial cells in freshly explanted human tumor tissue and in mouse transplanted tumors after radiotherapy. Finally, ICAM-1 and VCAM expression accounts for enhanced adherence of human T lymphocytes to irradiated LEC. CONCLUSION Our results show induction of ICAM-1 and VCAM on LVs in irradiated lesions and offer a starting point for elucidating the biological and therapeutic implications of targeting leukocyte traffic in combination to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Rodriguez-Ruiz
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Radiation Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Saray Garasa
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Rodriguez
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Solorzano
- Radiation Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Benigno Barbes
- Radiation Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alba Yanguas
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alvaro Teijeira
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iñaki Etxeberria
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Javier Aristu
- Radiation Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Pharmaceutical Immunology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Melero
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Radiation Oncology, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Rouzaut
- Division of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Dyer WB, Tan JCG, Day T, Kiers L, Kiernan MC, Yiannikas C, Reddel S, Ng K, Mondy P, Dennington PM, Dean MM, Trist HM, Dos Remedios C, Hogarth PM, Vucic S, Irving DO. Immunomodulation of inflammatory leukocyte markers during intravenous immunoglobulin treatment associated with clinical efficacy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00516. [PMID: 27781132 PMCID: PMC5064330 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to profile leukocyte markers modulated during intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment, and to identify markers and immune pathways associated with clinical efficacy of IVIg for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) with potential for monitoring treatment efficacy. METHODS Response to IVIg treatment in newly diagnosed IVIg-naïve and established IVIg-experienced patients was assessed by changes in expression of inflammatory leukocyte markers by flow cytometry. The adjusted INCAT disability and Medical Research Council sum scores defined clinical response. RESULTS Intravenous immunoglobulin modulated immunopathogenic pathways associated with inflammatory disease in CIDP. Leukocyte markers of clinical efficacy included reduced CD185+ follicular helper T cells, increased regulatory markers (CD23 and CD72) on B cells, and reduction in the circulating inflammatory CD16+ myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) population and concomitant increase in CD62L and CD195 defining a less inflammatory lymphoid homing mDC phenotype. A decline in inflammatory CD16+ dendritic cells was associated with clinical improvement or stability, and correlated with magnitude of improvement in neurological assessment scores, but did not predict relapse. IVIg also induced a nonspecific improvement in regulatory and reduced inflammatory markers not associated with clinical response. CONCLUSIONS Clinically effective IVIg modulated inflammatory and regulatory pathways associated with ongoing control or resolution of CIDP disease. Some of these markers have potential for monitoring outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne B Dyer
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Alexandria NSW Australia; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - Joanne C G Tan
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Alexandria NSW Australia; Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - Timothy Day
- Cabrini Medical Centre Cabrini Hospital Malvern Vic. Australia; Department of Neurophysiology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Lynette Kiers
- Department of Neurophysiology Royal Melbourne Hospital Parkville Vic. Australia
| | - Matthew C Kiernan
- Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia; Brain and Mind Centre University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia
| | | | - Stephen Reddel
- Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia; Department of Neurology Concord Repatriation and General Hospital Concord NSW Australia
| | - Karl Ng
- Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia; Department of Neurophysiology Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia
| | - Phillip Mondy
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Alexandria NSW Australia
| | | | - Melinda M Dean
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Kelvin Grove Qld Australia
| | | | | | | | - Steve Vucic
- Sydney Medical School University of Sydney Camperdown NSW Australia; Department of Neurology Westmead Hospital Westmead NSW Australia
| | - David O Irving
- Australian Red Cross Blood Service Alexandria NSW Australia; University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia
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Sequential Activation of Two Pathogen-Sensing Pathways Required for Type I Interferon Expression and Resistance to an Acute DNA Virus Infection. Immunity 2016; 43:1148-59. [PMID: 26682986 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), its adaptor MyD88, the downstream transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), and type I interferons (IFN-I) are all required for resistance to infection with ectromelia virus (ECTV). However, it is not known how or in which cells these effectors function to promote survival. Here, we showed that after infection with ECTV, the TLR9-MyD88-IRF7 pathway was necessary in CD11c(+) cells for the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes (iMos) to the draining lymph node (dLN). In the dLN, the major producers of IFN-I were infected iMos, which used the DNA sensor-adaptor STING to activate IRF7 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling to induce the expression of IFN-α and IFN-β, respectively. Thus, in vivo, two pathways of DNA pathogen sensing act sequentially in two distinct cell types to orchestrate resistance to a viral disease.
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Sei JJ, Waters RA, Kenney M, Barlow JW, Golde WT. Effect of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection on the Frequency, Phenotype and Function of Circulating Dendritic Cells in Cattle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152192. [PMID: 27008425 PMCID: PMC4805171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious virus that causes one of the most devastating diseases in cloven-hoofed animals. Disease symptoms develop within 2 to 3 days of exposure and include fever and vesicular lesions on the tongue and hooves. Dendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in protective immune responses against pathogens. Therefore, investigating their role during FMDV infection would lead to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions. In this study, following infection of cattle with FMDV, we investigated the frequency and function of conventional (cDC) and plasmacytoid DC (pDC) in blood by using multi-color flow cytometry. We show that the frequency of cDC and pDC increased following FMDV infection and peaked 3 to 4 days post-infection. During peak viremia, the cattle became lymphopenic, the expression of MHC class II molecules on cDC and pDC was dramatically down-regulated, the processing of exogenous antigen by cDC and pDC was impaired, and there was an increase in IL-10 production by DC and monocytes. Notably, after clearance of FMDV from the blood, MHC class II expression returned to pre-infection levels. Altogether, our study demonstrates that in cattle, FMDV inhibits the function of DC, thereby retarding the initiation of adaptive immune responses, potentially enhancing virus shedding during the acute phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet J. Sei
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - Ryan A. Waters
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - Mary Kenney
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
| | - John W. Barlow
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States of America
| | - William T. Golde
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Greenport, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Xu X, Gao Y, Zhai Z, Zhang S, Shan F, Feng J. Repulsive guidance molecule a blockade exerts the immunoregulatory function in DCs stimulated with ABP and LPS. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:2169-2180. [PMID: 26986456 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1164361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) is an axonal guidance molecule that has recently found to exert function in immune system. This study evaluated the function of RGMa in modulation of dendritic cells (DCs) function stimulated with Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a RGMa-neutralizing antibody. Compared with the Control-IgG/ABP and Control-IgG/LPS groups, DCs in the Anti-RGMa/ABP and Anti-RGMa/LPS groups 1) showed small, round cells with a few cell processes and organelles, and many pinocytotic vesicles; 2) had decreased MHC II, CD86, CD80, and CD40 expression; 3) displayed the decreased IL-12p70, IL-1β and TNF-α levels and increased IL-10 secretion; 4) had a high percentage of FITC-dextran uptake; and 5) displayed a reduced ability to drive T cell proliferation and reinforced T cell polarization toward a Th2 cytokine pattern. We conclude that DCs treated with RGMa-neutralizing antibodies present with tolerogenic and immunoregulatory characteristics, which provides new insights into further understanding of the function of RGMa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxu Xu
- a Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital , Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Yan Gao
- a Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital , Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Zhiyong Zhai
- a Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital , Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- a Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital , Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Fengping Shan
- b Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science , China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
| | - Juan Feng
- a Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital , Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University , Shenyang , PR China
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Constantino J, Gomes C, Falcão A, Cruz MT, Neves BM. Antitumor dendritic cell-based vaccines: lessons from 20 years of clinical trials and future perspectives. Transl Res 2016; 168:74-95. [PMID: 26297944 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are versatile elements of the immune system and are best known for their unparalleled ability to initiate and modulate adaptive immune responses. During the past few decades, DCs have been the subject of numerous studies seeking new immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer. Despite the initial enthusiasm, disappointing results from early studies raised some doubts regarding the true clinical value of these approaches. However, our expanding knowledge of DC immunobiology and the definition of the optimal characteristics for antitumor immune responses have allowed a more rational development of DC-based immunotherapies in recent years. Here, after a brief overview of DC immunobiology, we sought to systematize the knowledge provided by 20 years of clinical trials, with a special emphasis on the diversity of approaches used to manipulate DCs and their consequent impact on vaccine effectiveness. We also address how new therapeutic concepts, namely the combination of DC vaccines with other anticancer therapies, are being implemented and are leveraging clinical outcomes. Finally, optimization strategies, new insights, and future perspectives on the field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Constantino
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI) and Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria T Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno M Neves
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, Mass Spectrometry Centre, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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Kim Y, Clements DR, Sterea AM, Jang HW, Gujar SA, Lee PWK. Dendritic Cells in Oncolytic Virus-Based Anti-Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2015; 7:6506-25. [PMID: 26690204 PMCID: PMC4690876 DOI: 10.3390/v7122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that have a notable role in the initiation and regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. In the context of cancer, appropriately activated DCs can induce anti-tumor immunity by activating innate immune cells and tumor-specific lymphocytes that target cancer cells. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) imposes different mechanisms that facilitate the impairment of DC functions, such as inefficient antigen presentation or polarization into immunosuppressive DCs. These tumor-associated DCs thus fail to initiate tumor-specific immunity, and indirectly support tumor progression. Hence, there is increasing interest in identifying interventions that can overturn DC impairment within the TME. Many reports thus far have studied oncolytic viruses (OVs), viruses that preferentially target and kill cancer cells, for their capacity to enhance DC-mediated anti-tumor effects. Herein, we describe the general characteristics of DCs, focusing on their role in innate and adaptive immunity in the context of the TME. We also examine how DC-OV interaction affects DC recruitment, OV delivery, and anti-tumor immunity activation. Understanding these roles of DCs in the TME and OV infection is critical in devising strategies to further harness the anti-tumor effects of both DCs and OVs, ultimately enhancing the efficacy of OV-based oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youra Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Derek R Clements
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Andra M Sterea
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Hyun Woo Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
| | - Shashi A Gujar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Strategy and Organizational Performance, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS B3K 6R8, Canada.
| | - Patrick W K Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada.
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Vachiery N, Puech C, Cavelier P, Rodrigues V, Aprelon R, Lefrançois T, Martinez D, Epardaud M. An in vitro model to assess the immunosuppressive effect of tick saliva on the mobilization of inflammatory monocyte-derived cells. Vet Res 2015; 46:117. [PMID: 26412247 PMCID: PMC4586012 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-015-0229-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne pathogens cause potent infections. These pathogens benefit from molecules contained in tick saliva that have evolved to modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses. This is called “saliva-activated transmission” and enables tick-borne pathogens to evade host immune responses. Ticks feed on their host for relatively long periods; thus, mechanisms counteracting the inflammation-driven recruitment and activation of innate effector cells at the bite site, are an effective strategy to escape the immune response. Here, we developed an original in vitro model to evaluate and to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of tick saliva that prevent the establishment of a local inflammatory immune response. This model mimics the tick bite and enables the assessment of the effect of saliva on the inflammatory-associated dynamic recruitment of cells from the mononuclear phagocyte system. Using this model, we were able to recapitulate the dual effect of tick saliva on the mobilization of inflammatory monocyte-derived cells, i.e. (i) impaired recruitment of monocytes from the blood to the bite wound; and (ii) poor mobilization of monocyte-derived cells from the skin to the draining lymph node. This simple tool reconstitutes the effect of tick saliva in vivo, which we characterized in the mouse, and should enable the identification of important factors facilitating pathogen infection. Furthermore, this model may be applied to the characterization of any pathogen-derived immunosuppressive molecule affecting the establishment of the inflammatory immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vachiery
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Carinne Puech
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Patricia Cavelier
- UMR C5535 Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Valérie Rodrigues
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Rosalie Aprelon
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France.
| | - Thierry Lefrançois
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Dominique Martinez
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-34398, Montpellier, France.
| | - Mathieu Epardaud
- INRA-CIRAD, UMR 1309 Contrôle des maladies animales, exotiques et émergentes, F-34398, Montpellier, France. .,INRA, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
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Han Y, Li X, Zhou Q, Jie H, Lao X, Han J, He J, Liu X, Gu D, He Y, Sun E. FTY720 Abrogates Collagen-Induced Arthritis by Hindering Dendritic Cell Migration to Local Lymph Nodes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:4126-35. [PMID: 26416269 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Because dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, modulation of their functions could serve as a novel therapy. In this study, we demonstrated that FTY720 treatment significantly suppressed the incidence and severity of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1J mice via the modulation of DC functions. In FTY720-treated CIA mice, a decrease in the number of DCs in local draining lymph nodes (LNs) was observed. In vitro, FTY720 inhibited the trafficking of LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs). Decreased secretion of CCL19 and downregulation of CCR7 on DCs may explain the mechanisms underlying the impairment of DC migration induced by FTY720. In a DC-induced mouse arthritis model, FTY720 treatment also suppressed the incidence and severity of arthritis, which was correlated with a decrease in the migration of injected BMDCs to draining LNs. Although lower levels of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80, and CD86) and I-A(q) expressed on LN DCs were observed in FTY720-treated mice, in vitro analysis showed no effect of FTY720 on LPS-stimulated BMDC maturation. Furthermore, LN cells from FTY720-treated CIA mice displayed diminished production of proinflammatory cytokines in response to collagen II and Con A stimulation. In addition, the ratio of Th1/Th2 in the draining LNs of mice with DC-induced arthritis was decreased upon FTY720 treatment. This finding was consistent with the fact that FTY720 suppressed IL-12p70 production in cultured BMDCs. Taken together, these results indicate that inhibition of DC migration by FTY720 may provide a novel approach in treating autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630; Hospital of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510631; and
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Qingyou Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Hongyu Jie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Xiaobin Lao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Jiaochan Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Juan He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Xinxia Liu
- Hospital of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510631; and
| | - Dongsheng Gu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630; Department of Urology, No. 421 Hospital of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510010
| | - Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China 510630; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Academy of Orthopedics, Guangdong Province, China 510630;
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Kashiwagi S, Brauns T, Gelfand J, Poznansky MC. Laser vaccine adjuvants. History, progress, and potential. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2015; 10:1892-907. [PMID: 25424797 DOI: 10.4161/hv.28840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic adjuvants are essential for current vaccines to maximize their efficacy. Unfortunately, few have been found to be sufficiently effective and safe for regulatory authorities to permit their use in vaccines for humans and none have been approved for use with intradermal vaccines. The development of new adjuvants with the potential to be both efficacious and safe constitutes a significant need in modern vaccine practice. The use of non-damaging laser light represents a markedly different approach to enhancing immune responses to a vaccine antigen, particularly with intradermal vaccination. This approach, which was initially explored in Russia and further developed in the US, appears to significantly improve responses to both prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines administered to the laser-exposed tissue, particularly the skin. Although different types of lasers have been used for this purpose and the precise molecular mechanism(s) of action remain unknown, several approaches appear to modulate dendritic cell trafficking and/or activation at the irradiation site via the release of specific signaling molecules from epithelial cells. The most recent study, performed by the authors of this review, utilized a continuous wave near-infrared laser that may open the path for the development of a safe, effective, low-cost, simple-to-use laser vaccine adjuvant that could be used in lieu of conventional adjuvants, particularly with intradermal vaccines. In this review, we summarize the initial Russian studies that have given rise to this approach and comment upon recent advances in the use of non-tissue damaging lasers as novel physical adjuvants for vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- a Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center; Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Charlestown, MA USA
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44
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Decreased Interferon γ Production in CD3+ and CD3−CD56+ Lymphocyte Subsets in Metastatic Regional Lymph Nodes of Melanoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1109-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Krueger PD, Kim TS, Sung SSJ, Braciale TJ, Hahn YS. Liver-resident CD103+ dendritic cells prime antiviral CD8+ T cells in situ. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3213-22. [PMID: 25712214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The liver maintains a tolerogenic environment to avoid unwarranted activation of its resident immune cells upon continuous exposure to food and bacterially derived Ags. However, in response to hepatotropic viral infection, the liver's ability to switch from a hyporesponsive to a proinflammatory environment is mediated by select sentinels within the parenchyma. To determine the contribution of hepatic dendritic cells (DCs) in the activation of naive CD8(+) T cells, we first characterized resident DC subsets in the murine liver. Liver DCs exhibit unique properties, including the expression of CD8α (traditionally lymphoid tissue specific), CD11b, and CD103 markers. In both the steady-state and following viral infection, liver CD103(+) DCs express high levels of MHC class II, CD80, and CD86 and contribute to the high number of activated CD8(+) T cells. Importantly, viral infection in the Batf3(-/-) mouse, which lacks CD8α(+) and CD103(+) DCs in the liver, results in a 3-fold reduction in the proliferative response of Ag-specific CD8(+) T cells. Limiting DC migration out of the liver does not significantly alter CD8(+) T cell responsiveness, indicating that CD103(+) DCs initiate the induction of CD8(+) T cell responses in situ. Collectively, these data suggest that liver-resident CD103(+) DCs are highly immunogenic in response to hepatotropic viral infection and serve as a major APC to support the local CD8(+) T cell response. It also implies that CD103(+) DCs present a promising cellular target for vaccination strategies to resolve chronic liver infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Krueger
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Taeg S Kim
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Sun-Sang J Sung
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Medicine, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Regenerative Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908
| | - Thomas J Braciale
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; and
| | - Young S Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908; Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908;
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Chatterjee V, Gashev AA. Mast cell-directed recruitment of MHC class II positive cells and eosinophils towards mesenteric lymphatic vessels in adulthood and elderly. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 12:37-47. [PMID: 24650109 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging impairs mesenteric lymph flow, which is crucial for fluid and macromolecule homeostasis, fat absorption, and immune function. Previously, we demonstrated that mast cells (MCs) line mesenteric lymphatic vessels (MLVs) with a greater degree of basal activation of MCs in aged mesentery. The number of intact MCs available to react acutely to inflammatory stimuli was decreased with age. However, the role of mast cells in recruiting other immune cells towards MLVs and its aging-associated alterations has not been explored before in great detail. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study we treated live mesenteric tissue isolated from Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, as well as adult 9-mo and aged 24-mo Fischer-344 (F-344) rats for 2 hours with MC activators (48/80 and Substance P) and performed whole mount IHC and vital dye staining of the mesenteric segments containing MLVs to identify immune cell recruitment towards MLVs after mast cell (MC) activation. Number of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II positive APCs and eosinophils near MLVs was counted and compared between treatments and ages. CONCLUSIONS With greater density of MCs near MLVs, we for the first time demonstrated that mesenteric MC activation by compound 48/80 and Substance P resulted in recruitment of MHC class II positive cells and eosinophils towards MLVs. This effect was reduced in cromolyn-injected rats, thus confirming that MCs are necessary for such recruitment. The immune cell presence near MLVs after MC activation was reduced in aged tissues. We link these findings to our previous report of lesser number of intact MCs available for initiating an acute immune response in aged mesentery. Cumulatively, these findings serve as the first step in study of the aging-associated mechanisms that link MCs, lymphatic vessels, and disordered immune function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chatterjee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center , Temple, Texas
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Costiniuk CT, Jenabian MA. Cell-to-cell transfer of HIV infection: implications for HIV viral persistence. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:2346-2355. [PMID: 25146006 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.069641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major research priority for HIV eradication is the elucidation of the events involved in HIV reservoir establishment and persistence. Cell-to-cell transmission of HIV represents an important area of study as it allows for the infection of cell types which are not easily infected by HIV, leading to the establishment of long-lived viral reservoirs. This phenomenon enables HIV to escape elimination by the immune system. This process may also enable HIV to escape suppressive effects of anti-retroviral drugs. During cell-to-cell transmission of HIV, a dynamic series of events ensues at the virological synapse that promotes viral dissemination. Cell-to-cell transmission involves various types of cells of the immune system and this mode of transmission has been shown to have an important role in sexual and mother-to-child transmission of HIV and spread of HIV within the central nervous system and gut-associated lymphoid tissues. There is also evidence that cell-to-cell transmission of HIV occurs between thymocytes and renal tubular cells. Herein, following a brief review of the processes involved at the virological synapse, evidence supporting the role for cell-to-cell transmission of HIV in the maintenance of the HIV reservoir will be highlighted. Therapeutic considerations and future directions for this area of research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia T Costiniuk
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Infectious Diseases/Chronic Viral Illness Service and Lachine Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Département des Sciences Biologiques et Centre de recherche BioMed, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Podgrabinska S, Skobe M. Role of lymphatic vasculature in regional and distant metastases. Microvasc Res 2014; 95:46-52. [PMID: 25026412 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cancer, lymphatic vasculature has been traditionally viewed only as a transportation system for metastatic cells. It has now become clear that lymphatics perform many additional functions which could influence cancer progression. Lymphangiogenesis, induced at the primary tumor site and at distant sites, potently augments metastasis. Lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) control tumor cell entry and exit from the lymphatic vessels. LECs also control immune cell traffic and directly modulate adaptive immune responses. This review highlights advances in our understanding of the mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels, and in particular lymphatic endothelium, impact metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Podgrabinska
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mihaela Skobe
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Tisch Cancer Institute at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Russo E, Nitschké M, Halin C. Dendritic cell interactions with lymphatic endothelium. Lymphat Res Biol 2014; 11:172-82. [PMID: 24044757 DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2013.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Afferent lymphatic vessels fulfill essential immune functions by transporting leukocytes and lymph-borne antigen to draining lymph nodes (dLNs). An important cell type migrating through lymphatic vessels are dendritic cells (DCs). DCs reside in peripheral tissues like the skin, where they take up antigen and transport it via the lymphatic vascular network to dLNs for subsequent presentation to T cells. As such, DCs play a key role in the induction of adaptive immune responses during infection and vaccination, but also for the maintenance of tolerance. Although the migratory pattern of DCs has been known for long time, interactions between DCs and lymphatic vessels are only now starting to be unraveled at the cellular level. In particular, new tools for visualizing lymphatic vessels in combination with time-lapse microscopy have recently generated valuable insights into the process of DC migration to dLNs. In this review we summarize and discuss current approaches for visualizing DCs and lymphatic vessels in tissues for imaging applications. Furthermore, we review the current state of knowledge about DC migration towards, into and within lymphatic vessels, particularly focusing on the cellular interactions that take place between DCs and the lymphatic endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Russo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology , ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Card CM, Yu SS, Swartz MA. Emerging roles of lymphatic endothelium in regulating adaptive immunity. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:943-52. [PMID: 24590280 DOI: 10.1172/jci73316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research on the roles of stromal cells in modulating adaptive immune responses has included a new focus on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). LECs are presumably the first cells that come into direct contact with peripheral antigens, cytokines, danger signals, and immune cells travelling from peripheral tissues to lymph nodes. LECs can modulate dendritic cell function, present antigens to T cells on MHC class I and MHC class II molecules, and express immunomodulatory cytokines and receptors, which suggests that their roles in adaptive immunity are far more extensive than previously realized. This Review summarizes the emergent evidence that LECs are important in maintaining peripheral tolerance, limiting and resolving effector T cell responses, and modulating leukocyte function.
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