1
|
Gravdahl M, Aarstad OA, Petersen AB, Karlsen SG, Donati I, Czjzek M, Åstrand OAH, Rye PD, Tøndervik A, Sletta H, Aachmann FL, Skjåk-Bræk G. A chemo-enzymatic method for preparation of saturated oligosaccharides from alginate and other uronic acid-containing polysaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 343:122487. [PMID: 39174105 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides from uronic acid-containing polysaccharides can be produced either by chemical or enzymatic degradation. The benefit of using enzymes, called lyases, is their high specificity for various glycosidic linkages. Lyases cleave the polysaccharide chain by an β-elimination reaction, yielding oligosaccharides with an unsaturated sugar (4-deoxy-l-erythro-hex-4-enepyranosyluronate) at the non-reducing end. In this work we have systematically studied acid degradation of unsaturated uronic acid oligosaccharides. Based on these findings, a method for preparing saturated oligosaccharides by enzymatic degradation of uronic acid-containing polysaccharides was developed. This results in oligosaccharides with a pre-defined distribution and proportion of sugar residues compared to the products of chemical degradation, while maintaining the chemical structure of the non-reducing end. The described method was demonstrated for generating saturated oligosaccharides of alginate, heparin and polygalacturonic acid. In the case of alginate, the ratio of hydrolysis rate of Δ-G and Δ-M linkages to that of G-G and M-M linkages, respectively, was found to be approximately 65 and 43, at pH* 3.4, 90 °C. Finally, this method has been demonstrated to be superior in the production of α-l-guluronate oligosaccharides with a lower content of β-d-mannuronate residues compared to what can be achieved using chemical depolymerization alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Gravdahl
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Olav A Aarstad
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Agnes B Petersen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Stina G Karlsen
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ivan Donati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Licio Giorgieri 5, I-34127 Trieste, Italy.
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), 29680 Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
| | | | - Philip D Rye
- AlgiPharma AS, Industriveien 33, Sandvika N-1337, Norway.
| | - Anne Tøndervik
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands vei 3B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Håvard Sletta
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Richard Birkelands vei 3B, 7034 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Finn L Aachmann
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk
- Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory (NOBIPOL), Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Sem Sælands vei 6-8, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Berdiaki A, Neagu M, Tzanakakis P, Spyridaki I, Pérez S, Nikitovic D. Extracellular Matrix Components and Mechanosensing Pathways in Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1186. [PMID: 39334952 PMCID: PMC11430160 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are essential components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with pivotal roles in cellular mechanosensing pathways. GAGs, such as heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), interact with various cell surface receptors, including integrins and receptor tyrosine kinases, to modulate cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. PGs, comprising a core protein with covalently attached GAG chains, serve as dynamic regulators of tissue mechanics and cell behavior, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of GAG/PG-mediated mechanosensing pathways is implicated in numerous pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammation. Understanding the intricate mechanisms by which GAGs and PGs modulate cellular responses to mechanical forces holds promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies targeting mechanotransduction pathways in disease. This comprehensive overview underscores the importance of GAGs and PGs as key mediators of mechanosensing in maintaining tissue homeostasis and their potential as therapeutic targets for mitigating mechano-driven pathologies, focusing on cancer and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Petros Tzanakakis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Ioanna Spyridaki
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| | - Serge Pérez
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 712 03 Heraklion, Greece; (A.B.); (P.T.); (I.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Atiakshin D, Nikolaeva E, Semyachkina A, Kostin A, Volodkin A, Morozov S, Ignatyuk M, Mikhaleva L, Demyashkin G, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Buchwalow I, Tiemann M. The Contribution of Mast Cells to the Regulation of Elastic Fiber Tensometry in the Skin Dermis of Children with Marfan Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9191. [PMID: 39273142 PMCID: PMC11394836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a hereditary condition accompanied by disorders in the structural and regulatory properties of connective tissue, including elastic fibers, due to a mutation in the gene encodes for fibrillin-1 protein (FBN1 gene) and the synthesis of abnormal fibrillin-1 glycoprotein. Despite the high potential of mast cells (MCs) to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM), their pathogenetic significance in MFS has not been considered yet. The group of patients with Marfan syndrome included two mothers and five children (three girls aged 4, 11, and 11 and two boys aged 12 and 13). Normal skin was examined in two children aged 11 and 12. Histochemical, monoplex, and multiplex immunohistochemical techniques; combined protocols of simultaneous histochemical and immunohistochemical staining (the results of staining were assessed using light, epifluorescence, and confocal microscopy); and bioinformatics algorithms for the quantitative analysis of detected targets were used to evaluate mast cells and their relationship with other cells from extracellular structures in the skin dermis. Analysis of the skin MC population in children with Marfan syndrome revealed a considerably increased number of intra-organic populations with the preservation of the specific Tryptase+Chymase+CPA3+ protease profile typical of the skin. The features of the MC histotopography phenotype in MFS consisted of closer colocalization with elastic fibers, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts. MCs formed many intradermal clusters that synchronized the activity of cell functions in the stromal landscape of the tissue microenvironment with the help of spatial architectonics, including the formation of cell chains and the creation of fibrous niches. In MCs, the expression of specific proteases, TGF-β, and heparin increased, with targeted secretion of biologically active substances relative to the dermal elastic fibers, which had specific structural features in MFS, including abnormal variability in thickness along their entire length, alternating thickened and thinned areas, and uneven surface topography. This paper discusses the potential role of MCs in strain analysis (tensometry) of the tissue microenvironment in MFS. Thus, the quantitative and qualitative rearrangements of the skin MC population in MFS are aimed at altering the stromal landscape of the connective tissue. The results obtained should be taken into account when managing clinical signs of MFS manifested in other pathogenetically critical structures of internal organs, including the aorta, tendons, cartilage, and parenchymal organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitrii Atiakshin
- RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Research Institute of Experimental Biology and Medicine, Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, 394036 Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Nikolaeva
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics & Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 2, Taldomskaya St., 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla Semyachkina
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics & Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 2, Taldomskaya St., 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Kostin
- RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Volodkin
- RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Veltischev Research and Clinical Institute for Pediatrics & Pediatric Surgery of the Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 2, Taldomskaya St., 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Ignatyuk
- RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Liudmila Mikhaleva
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology, Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigory Demyashkin
- Laboratory of Histology and Immunohistochemistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya St., 8/2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Allergology and Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Igor Buchwalow
- RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr, 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Tiemann
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr, 75a, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Karam M, Faraj M, Jaffa MA, Jelwan J, Aldeen KS, Hassan N, Mhanna R, Jaffa AA. Development of alginate and alginate sulfate/polycaprolactone nanoparticles for growth factor delivery in wound healing therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116750. [PMID: 38749174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) holds great promise for enhancing the wound healing process; however, its clinical application is hindered by its low stability and the challenge of maintaining its effective concentration at the wound site. Herein, we developed novel double-emulsion alginate (Alg) and heparin-mimetic alginate sulfate (AlgSulf)/polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles (NPs) for controlled CTGF delivery to promote accelerated wound healing. The NPs' physicochemical properties, cytocompatibility, and wound healing activity were assessed on immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT), primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), and a murine cutaneous wound model. The synthesized NPs had a minimum hydrodynamic size of 200.25 nm. Treatment of HaCaT and HDF cells with Alg and AlgSulf2.0/PCL NPs did not show any toxicity when used at concentrations <50 µg/mL for up to 72 h. Moreover, the NPs' size was not affected by elevated temperatures, acidic pH, or the presence of a protein-rich medium. The NPs have slow lysozyme-mediated degradation implying that they have an extended tissue retention time. Furthermore, we found that treatment of HaCaT and HDF cells with CTGF-loaded Alg and AlgSulf2.0/PCL NPs, respectively, induced rapid cell migration (76.12% and 79.49%, P<0.05). Finally, in vivo studies showed that CTGF-loaded Alg and AlgSulf2.0/PCL NPs result in the fastest and highest wound closure at the early and late stages of wound healing, respectively (36.49%, P<0.001 on day 1; 90.45%, P<0.05 on day 10), outperforming free CTGF. Double-emulsion NPs based on Alg or AlgSulf represent a viable strategy for delivering heparin-binding GF and other therapeutics, potentially aiding various disease treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mia Karam
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Marwa Faraj
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Miran A Jaffa
- Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Jelwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Kawthar Sharaf Aldeen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Nadine Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon
| | - Rami Mhanna
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon.
| | - Ayad A Jaffa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut Lebanon.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amorós-Pérez B, Rivas-Pardo B, Gómez del Moral M, Subiza JL, Martínez-Naves E. State of the Art in CAR-T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Is There a Sweeter Future? Cells 2024; 13:725. [PMID: 38727261 PMCID: PMC11083689 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has proven to be a powerful treatment for hematological malignancies. The situation is very different in the case of solid tumors, for which no CAR-T-based therapy has yet been approved. There are many factors contributing to the absence of response in solid tumors to CAR-T cells, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), T cell exhaustion, or the lack of suitable antigen targets, which should have a stable and specific expression on tumor cells. Strategies being developed to improve CAR-T-based therapy for solid tumors include the use of new-generation CARs such as TRUCKs or bi-specific CARs, the combination of CAR therapy with chemo- or radiotherapy, the use of checkpoint inhibitors, and the use of oncolytic viruses. Furthermore, despite the scarcity of targets, a growing number of phase I/II clinical trials are exploring new solid-tumor-associated antigens. Most of these antigens are of a protein nature; however, there is a clear potential in identifying carbohydrate-type antigens associated with tumors, or carbohydrate and proteoglycan antigens that emerge because of aberrant glycosylations occurring in the context of tumor transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Amorós-Pérez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
- Inmunotek S.L., 28805 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Benigno Rivas-Pardo
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez del Moral
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Eduardo Martínez-Naves
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ORL, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense of Madrid (UCM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.A.-P.); (B.R.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu J, Kang R, Tang D. Lipopolysaccharide delivery systems in innate immunity. Trends Immunol 2024; 45:274-287. [PMID: 38494365 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a key component of the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), is widely recognized for its crucial role in mammalian innate immunity and its link to mortality in intensive care units. While its recognition via the Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 receptor on cell membranes is well established, the activation of the cytosolic receptor caspase-11 by LPS is now known to lead to inflammasome activation and subsequent induction of pyroptosis. Nevertheless, a fundamental question persists regarding the mechanism by which LPS enters host cells. Recent investigations have identified at least four primary pathways that can facilitate this process: bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs); the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2; host-secreted proteins; and host extracellular vesicles (EVs). These delivery systems provide new avenues for therapeutic interventions against sepsis and infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Liu
- DAMP Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gandy LA, Zhang F, Xu D, Pedersen LC, Grobe K, Wang C. Editorial: Heparan sulfate-binding proteins in health and disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1386623. [PMID: 38572447 PMCID: PMC10988385 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1386623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Gandy
- Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Glycobiology, Cell Growth and Tissue Repair Research Unit (Gly-CRRET), Université Paris-est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Lars C. Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kay Grobe
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, Ph.D. Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Troy, NY, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Zihsler S, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. Regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to extracellular matrix in inflamed tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1564. [PMID: 38378682 PMCID: PMC10879116 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45012-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Although FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on IL-2 produced by other cells for their survival and function, the levels of IL-2 in inflamed tissue are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing monoclonal antibody-directed chimeric antigen receptor (mAbCAR) Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their ability to suppress neuroinflammation in vivo. Together, these data identify a role for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Svenja Zihsler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Meuskens I, Kristiansen PE, Bardiaux B, Koynarev VR, Hatlem D, Prydz K, Lund R, Izadi-Pruneyre N, Linke D. A poly-proline II helix in YadA from Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 facilitates heparin binding through electrostatic interactions. FEBS J 2024; 291:761-777. [PMID: 37953437 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Poly-proline II helices are secondary structure motifs frequently found in ligand-binding sites. They exhibit increased flexibility and solvent exposure compared to the strongly hydrogen-bonded α-helices or β-strands and can therefore easily be misinterpreted as completely unstructured regions with an extremely high rotational freedom. Here, we show that the adhesin YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 contains a poly-proline II helix interaction motif in the N-terminal region. The motif is involved in the interaction of YadAO:9 with heparin, a host glycosaminoglycan. We show that the basic residues within the N-terminal motif of YadA are required for electrostatic interactions with the sulfate groups of heparin. Biophysical methods including CD spectroscopy, solution-state NMR and SAXS all independently support the presence of a poly-proline helix allowing YadAO:9 binding to the rigid heparin. Lastly, we show that host cells deficient in sulfation of heparin and heparan sulfate are not targeted by YadAO:9 -mediated adhesion. We speculate that the YadAO:9 -heparin interaction plays an important and highly strain-specific role in the pathogenicity of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Meuskens
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Benjamin Bardiaux
- Structural Bioinformatics Unit, CNRS UMR3528, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, France
| | | | - Daniel Hatlem
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Reidar Lund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Izadi-Pruneyre
- Bacterial Transmembrane Systems Unit, CNRS UMR3528, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris-Cité, France
| | - Dirk Linke
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Nguyen TT, Kim TH, Bencosme-Cuevas E, Berry J, Gaithuma ASK, Ansari MA, Kim TK, Tirloni L, Radulovic Z, Moresco JJ, Yates JR, Mulenga A. A tick saliva serpin, IxsS17 inhibits host innate immune system proteases and enhances host colonization by Lyme disease agent. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012032. [PMID: 38394332 PMCID: PMC10917276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lyme disease (LD) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is among the most important human vector borne diseases for which there is no effective prevention method. Identification of tick saliva transmission factors of the LD agent is needed before the highly advocated tick antigen-based vaccine could be developed. We previously reported the highly conserved Ixodes scapularis (Ixs) tick saliva serpin (S) 17 (IxsS17) was highly secreted by B. burgdorferi infected nymphs. Here, we show that IxsS17 promote tick feeding and enhances B. burgdorferi colonization of the host. We show that IxsS17 is not part of a redundant system, and its functional domain reactive center loop (RCL) is 100% conserved in all tick species. Yeast expressed recombinant (r) IxsS17 inhibits effector proteases of inflammation, blood clotting, and complement innate immune systems. Interestingly, differential precipitation analysis revealed novel functional insights that IxsS17 interacts with both effector proteases and regulatory protease inhibitors. For instance, rIxsS17 interacted with blood clotting proteases, fXII, fX, fXII, plasmin, and plasma kallikrein alongside blood clotting regulatory serpins (antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II). Similarly, rIxsS17 interacted with both complement system serine proteases, C1s, C2, and factor I and the regulatory serpin, plasma protease C1 inhibitor. Consistently, we validated that rIxsS17 dose dependently blocked deposition of the complement membrane attack complex via the lectin complement pathway and protected complement sensitive B. burgdorferi from complement-mediated killing. Likewise, co-inoculating C3H/HeN mice with rIxsS17 and B. burgdorferi significantly enhanced colonization of mouse heart and skin organs in a reverse dose dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggests an important role for IxsS17 in tick feeding and B. burgdorferi colonization of the host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tae Heung Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Emily Bencosme-Cuevas
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacquie Berry
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alex Samuel Kiarie Gaithuma
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Moiz Ashraf Ansari
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tae Kwon Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Lucas Tirloni
- Tick-Pathogen Transmission Unit, Laboratory of Bacteriology, NIAID, Hamilton, Montana, United States of America
| | - Zeljko Radulovic
- Department of Biology, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, United States of America
| | - James J. Moresco
- Center for Genetics of Host Defense, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - John R. Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Albert Mulenga
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang X, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Liu C, Gao H. Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix Involved in the Development of Preeclampsia. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:527-538. [PMID: 38561606 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037284176240302052521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, and its primary clinical manifestations are gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Trophoblasts are responsible for the basic functions of the placenta during placental development; recent studies have revealed that placental "shallow implantation" caused by the decreased invasiveness of placental trophoblasts plays a crucial role in PE pathogenesis. The interaction between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. Abnormal ECM function can result in insufficient migration and invasion of placental trophoblasts, thus participating in PE. This article summarizes the recent studies on the involvement of ECM components, including small leucine-rich proteoglycans, syndecans, glypicans, laminins, fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, in the development of PE. ECM plays various roles in PE development, most notably by controlling the activities of trophoblasts. The ECM is structurally stable and can serve as a biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Shi D, Zhao H, Bu C, Fraser K, Wang H, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ, Zhang F, Shi F, Chi L. New insights into the binding of PF4 to long heparin oligosaccharides in ultralarge complexes using mass spectrometry. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:3608-3618. [PMID: 37648114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication caused by heparin drugs. The ultralarge complexes formed by platelet factor 4 (PF4) with heparin or low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are important participants in inducing the immune response and HIT. OBJECTIVES We aim at characterizing the interaction between PF4 and long-chain heparin oligosaccharides and providing robust analytical methods for the analysis of PF4-heparin complexes. METHODS In this work, the characteristics of PF4-enoxaparin complexes after incubation in different molar ratios and concentrations were analyzed by multiple analytical methods, especially liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring were developed to qualitatively and quantitatively monitor heparin oligosaccharides and PF4 in HIT-inducing complexes. RESULTS The results showed that the largest proportion of ultralarge complexes formed by PF4 and enoxaparin was at a specific molar ratio, ie, a PF4/enoxaparin ratio of 2:1, while the ultralarge complexes contained PF4 tetramer and enoxaparin at a molar ratio of approximately 2:1. CONCLUSION A binding model of PF4 and enoxaparin in ultralarge complexes is proposed with one heparin oligosaccharide chain (∼ dp18) bound to 2 PF4 tetramers in different morphologies to form ultralarge complexes, while PF4 tetramer is surrounded by multiple heparin chains in smaller complexes. Our study provides new insights into the structural mechanism of PF4-LMWH interaction, which help to further understand the mechanism of LMWH immunogenicity and develop safer heparin products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China; Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Huimin Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Changkai Bu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Keith Fraser
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Haoran Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA.
| | - Feng Shi
- Shandong Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abdulsalam H, Li J, Loka RS, Sletten ET, Nguyen HM. Heparan Sulfate-Mimicking Glycopolymers Bind SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein in a Length- and Sulfation Pattern-Dependent Manner. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:1411-1418. [PMID: 37849547 PMCID: PMC10577887 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.3c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate-mimicking glycopolymers, composed of glucosamine (GlcN)-glucuronic acid (GlcA) repeating units, bind to the receptor-binding subunit (S1) and spike glycoprotein (S) domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in a length- and sulfation pattern-dependent fashion. A glycopolymer composed of 12 repeating GlcNS6S-GlcA units exhibits a much higher affinity to the S1 protein (IC50 = 13 ± 1.1 nM) compared with the receptor-binding domain (RBD). This glycopolymer does not interfere in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding of the RBD. Although this compound binds strongly to the S1/membrane-fusion subunit (S2) junction (KD = 29.7 ± 4.18 nM), it does not shield the S1/S2 site from cleavage by furin-a behavior contrary to natural heparin. This glycopolymer lacks iduronic acid, which accounts for 70% of heparin. Further, this compound, unlike natural heparin, is well defined in both sulfation pattern and length, which results in fewer off-target interactions with heparin-binding proteins. The results highlight the potential of using polymeric heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics for the therapeutic agent development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawau Abdulsalam
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Jiayi Li
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Ravi S. Loka
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Eric T. Sletten
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hien M. Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zaiki Y, Iskandar A, Wong TW. Functionalized chitosan for cancer nano drug delivery. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 67:108200. [PMID: 37331671 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biotechnological derivative of chitin receiving a widespread pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. It can be used to encapsulate and deliver cancer therapeutics with inherent pH-dependent solubility to confer drug targeting at tumour microenvironment and anti-cancer activity synergizing cancer cytotoxic drug actions. To further reduce the off-target and by-stander adverse effects of drugs, a high targeted drug delivery efficiency at the lowest possible drug doses is clinically required. The chitosan has been functionalized with covalent conjugates or complexes and processed into nanoparticles to encapsulate and control drug release, to avoid premature drug clearance, to deliver drugs passively and actively to cancer site at tissue, cell or subcellular levels, and to promote cancer cell uptake of nanoparticles through membrane permeabilization at higher specificity and scale. Nanomedicine developed using functionalized chitosan translates to significant preclinical improvements. Future challenges related to nanotoxicity, manufacturability, selection precision of conjugates and complexes as a function of cancer omics and their biological responses from administration site to cancer target need critical assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazid Zaiki
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Athirah Iskandar
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tin Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Sino-Malaysia Molecular Oncology and Traditional Chinese Medicine Delivery Joint Research Centre, Medical College, Yangzhou University, 136, Jiangyang Middle Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hey G, Willman M, Patel A, Goutnik M, Willman J, Lucke-Wold B. Stem Cell Scaffolds for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury-A Review. BIOMECHANICS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:322-342. [PMID: 37664542 PMCID: PMC10469078 DOI: 10.3390/biomechanics3030028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a profoundly debilitating yet common central nervous system condition resulting in significant morbidity and mortality rates. Major causes of SCI encompass traumatic incidences such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, and sports injuries. Present treatment strategies for SCI aim to improve and enhance neurologic functionality. The ability for neural stem cells (NSCs) to differentiate into diverse neural and glial cell precursors has stimulated the investigation of stem cell scaffolds as potential therapeutics for SCI. Various scaffolding modalities including composite materials, natural polymers, synthetic polymers, and hydrogels have been explored. However, most trials remain largely in the preclinical stage, emphasizing the need to further develop and refine these treatment strategies before clinical implementation. In this review, we delve into the physiological processes that underpin NSC differentiation, including substrates and signaling pathways required for axonal regrowth post-injury, and provide an overview of current and emerging stem cell scaffolding platforms for SCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hey
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Matthew Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Aashay Patel
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Michael Goutnik
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jonathan Willman
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brandon Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lothert K, Wolff MW. Affinity and Pseudo-Affinity Membrane Chromatography for Viral Vector and Vaccine Purifications: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:770. [PMID: 37755191 PMCID: PMC10537005 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13090770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Several chromatographic approaches have been established over the last decades for the production of pharmaceutically relevant viruses. Due to the large size of these products compared to other biopharmaceuticals, e.g., proteins, convective flow media have proven to be superior to bead-based resins in terms of process productivity and column capacity. One representative of such convective flow materials is membranes, which can be modified to suit the particular operating principle and are also suitable for economical single-use applications. Among the different membrane variants, affinity surfaces allow for the most selective separation of the target molecule from other components in the feed solution, especially from host cell-derived DNA and proteins. A successful membrane affinity chromatography, however, requires the identification and implementation of ligands, which can be applied economically while at the same time being stable during the process and non-toxic in the case of any leaching. This review summarizes the current evaluation of membrane-based affinity purifications for viruses and virus-like particles, including traditional resin and monolith approaches and the advantages of membrane applications. An overview of potential affinity ligands is given, as well as considerations of suitable affinity platform technologies, e.g., for different virus serotypes, including a description of processes using pseudo-affinity matrices, such as sulfated cellulose membrane adsorbers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael W. Wolff
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, Department Life Science Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen (THM), 35390 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anas M, Farooq M, Asif M, Ali WR, Mansoor S. A Novel Insight into the Identification of Potential SNP Markers for the Genomic Characterization of Buffalo Breeds in Pakistan. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2543. [PMID: 37570351 PMCID: PMC10416883 DOI: 10.3390/ani13152543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestic buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), known as water buffaloes, play a key role as versatile multipurpose agricultural animals in the Asiatic region. Pakistan, with the second-largest buffalo population in the world, holds a rich domestication history of buffaloes. The overall trends in buffalo production demand the genomic characterization of Pakistani buffalo breeds. To this end, the resequencing data of Pakistani breeds, along with buffalo breeds from 13 other countries, were retrieved from our previous study. This dataset, which contained 34,671,886 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), was analyzed through a pipeline that was developed to compare possible allele differences among breeds at each SNP position. In contrast, other available tools only check for positional SNP differences for breed-specific markers. In total, 1918, 1549, 404, and 341 breed-specific markers were identified to characterize the Nili, Nili-Ravi, Azakheli, and Kundi breeds of Pakistani buffalo, respectively. Sufficient evidence in the form of phenotypic data, principal component analysis, admixture analysis, and linkage analysis showed that the Nili breed has maintained its distinct breed status despite sharing a close evolutionary relationship with the Nili-Ravi breed of buffalo. In this era of genome science, the conservation of these breeds and the further validation of the given selection markers in larger populations is a pressing need.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anas
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Animal Sciences and Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Rafique Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wakpal J, Pathiranage V, Walker AR, Nguyen HM. Rational Design and Expedient Synthesis of Heparan Sulfate Mimetics from Natural Aminoglycosides for Structure and Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304325. [PMID: 37285191 PMCID: PMC10527013 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) contains variably repeating disaccharide units organized into high- and low-sulfated domains. This rich structural diversity enables HS to interact with many proteins and regulate key signaling pathways. Efforts to understand structure-function relationships and harness the therapeutic potential of HS are hindered by the inability to synthesize an extensive library of well-defined HS structures. We herein report a rational and expedient approach to access a library of 27 oligosaccharides from natural aminoglycosides as HS mimetics in 7-12 steps. This strategy significantly reduces the number of steps as compared to the traditional synthesis of HS oligosaccharides from monosaccharide building blocks. Combined with computational insight, we identify a new class of four trisaccharide compounds derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin that mimic natural HS and have a strong binding to heparanase but a low affinity for off-target platelet factor-4 protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Wakpal
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | | | - Alice R Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Hien M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lyons JJ, Farkas H, Germenis AE, Rijavec M, Smith TD, Valent P. Genetic Variants Leading to Urticaria and Angioedema and Associated Biomarkers. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:2286-2301. [PMID: 37263349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in next generation sequencing technologies, as well as their expanded accessibility and clinical use over the past 2 decades, have led to an exponential increase in the number of identified single gene disorders. Among these are primary atopic disorders-inborn errors of immunity resulting in severe allergic phenotypes as a primary presenting feature. Two cardinal aspects of type I immediate hypersensitivity allergic reactions are hives and angioedema. Mast cells (MCs) are frequent primary drivers of these symptoms, but other cells have also been implicated. Even where MC degranulation is believed to be the cause, mediator-induced symptoms may greatly vary among individuals. Angioedema-particularly in the absence of hives-may also be caused by hereditary angioedema conditions resulting from aberrant regulation of contact system activation and excessive bradykinin generation or impairment of vascular integrity. In these patients, swelling can affect unpredictable locations and fail to respond to MC-directed therapies. Genetic variants have helped delineate key pathways in the etiology of urticaria and nonatopic angioedema and led to the development of targeted therapies. Herein, we describe the currently known inherited and acquired genetic causes for these conditions, highlight specific features in their clinical presentations, and discuss the benefits and limitations of biomarkers that can help distinguish them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Lyons
- Translational Allergic Immunopathology Unit, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anastasios E Germenis
- Department of Immunology and Histocompatibility, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Matija Rijavec
- University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia; Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tukisa D Smith
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Menezes R, Vincent R, Osorno L, Hu P, Arinzeh TL. Biomaterials and tissue engineering approaches using glycosaminoglycans for tissue repair: Lessons learned from the native extracellular matrix. Acta Biomater 2023; 163:210-227. [PMID: 36182056 PMCID: PMC10043054 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an important component of the extracellular matrix as they influence cell behavior and have been sought for tissue regeneration, biomaterials, and drug delivery applications. GAGs are known to interact with growth factors and other bioactive molecules and impact tissue mechanics. This review provides an overview of native GAGs, their structure, and properties, specifically their interaction with proteins, their effect on cell behavior, and their mechanical role in the ECM. GAGs' function in the extracellular environment is still being understood however, promising studies have led to the development of medical devices and therapies. Native GAGs, including hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and heparin, have been widely explored in tissue engineering and biomaterial approaches for tissue repair or replacement. This review focuses on orthopaedic and wound healing applications. The use of GAGs in these applications have had significant advances leading to clinical use. Promising studies using GAG mimetics and future directions are also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are an important component of the native extracellular matrix and have shown promise in medical devices and therapies. This review emphasizes the structure and properties of native GAGs, their role in the ECM providing biochemical and mechanical cues that influence cell behavior, and their use in tissue regeneration and biomaterial approaches for orthopaedic and wound healing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roseline Menezes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Richard Vincent
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Laura Osorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Phillip Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Treena Livingston Arinzeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Martinez HA, Koliesnik I, Kaber G, Reid JK, Nagy N, Barlow G, Falk BA, Medina CO, Hargil A, Vlodavsky I, Li JP, Pérez-Cruz M, Tang SW, Meyer EH, Wrenshall LE, Lord JD, Garcia KC, Palmer TD, Steinman L, Nepom GT, Wight TN, Bollyky PL, Kuipers HF. FOXP3 + regulatory T cells use heparanase to access IL-2 bound to ECM in inflamed tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.26.529772. [PMID: 36909599 PMCID: PMC10002643 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.26.529772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) depend on exogenous IL-2 for their survival and function, but circulating levels of IL-2 are low, making it unclear how Treg access this critical resource in vivo. Here, we show that Treg use heparanase (HPSE) to access IL-2 sequestered by heparan sulfate (HS) within the extracellular matrix (ECM) of inflamed central nervous system tissue. HPSE expression distinguishes human and murine Treg from conventional T cells and is regulated by the availability of IL-2. HPSE-/- Treg have impaired stability and function in vivo, including the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Conversely, endowing Treg with HPSE enhances their ability to access HS-sequestered IL-2 and their tolerogenic function in vivo. Together, these data identify novel roles for HPSE and the ECM in immune tolerance, providing new avenues for improving Treg-based therapy of autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter A Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ievgen Koliesnik
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gernot Kaber
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Jacqueline K Reid
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
| | - Nadine Nagy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Graham Barlow
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Ben A Falk
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Carlos O Medina
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Aviv Hargil
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Tumor Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa, Israel
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University; Uppsala, Finland
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lucile E Wrenshall
- Department of Surgery, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University; Dayton, USA
| | - James D Lord
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Stanford University; Stanford, USA
| | - Theo D Palmer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Lawrence Steinman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Gerald T Nepom
- Immune Tolerance Network, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute; Seattle, USA
| | - Paul L Bollyky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
| | - Hedwich F Kuipers
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, USA
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Calgary, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wawrzyńczak A, Nowak I, Woźniak N, Chudzińska J, Feliczak-Guzik A. Synthesis and Characterization of Hierarchical Zeolites Modified with Polysaccharides and Its Potential Role as a Platform for Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020535. [PMID: 36839857 PMCID: PMC9968069 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hierarchical zeolites are aluminosilicates with a crystal structure, which next to the micropores possess secondary porosity in the range of mesopores and/or small macropores. Due to their ordered structure and additional secondary porosity, they have aroused great interest among scientists in recent years. Therefore, the present work concerns the synthesis and characterization of hierarchical zeolites with secondary mesoporosity, based on commercial zeolites such as MFI (ZSM-5), BEA (β) and FAU (Y), and modified with polysaccharides such as inulin, hyaluronic acid, and heparin. All materials were characterized by various analytical techniques and applied as a platform for delivery of selected drug molecules. On the basis of X-ray diffraction (presence of reflections in the 2θ angle range of 1.5-2.5°) and low-temperature nitrogen sorption isotherms (mixture of isotherms of I and IV type) additional secondary porosity was found in the mesopore range. Additional tests were also conducted to determine the possibility of loading selected molecules with biological activity into the aforementioned materials and then releasing them in the therapeutic process. Molecules with different therapeutic options were selected for testing, namely ibuprofen, curcumin, and ferulic acid with anti-inflammatory, potentially anticancer, antioxidant, and skin discoloration activities, respectively. Preliminary studies have confirmed the possibility of using hierarchical zeolites as potential carriers for bioactive molecules, as the loading percentage of active substances ranged from 39-79% and cumulative release for ibuprofen reached almost 100% after 8 h of testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agata Wawrzyńczak
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (A.F.-G.); Tel.: +48-61-829-1749 (A.W.); +48-61-829-1747 (A.F.-G)
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Piscitani L, Leone S, Di Biase J, Salvati L, Sirolli V, Tunno M, Bonomini M. Efficacy of hemoperfusion with Seraph-100 in series with single pass albumin dialysis in acute hepatitis B infection: A case report. Int J Artif Organs 2023; 46:81-84. [PMID: 36482663 DOI: 10.1177/03913988221143142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure is a cause of death in patients suffering from viral hepatitis, and many cases need liver transplantation. Infection from hepatitis B virus may range from asymptomatic to severe acute and fulminant hepatitis. In this setting, treatment is mainly supportive as there is no consensus on antiviral therapy based on non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Single-pass albumin dialysis is a liver-support technique for patients suffering from liver failure, that has shown effectiveness in the removal of both water-soluble and albumin-bound toxins, which accumulate due to impairment of the liver's cleansing function. We report here the case of a 62-year-old male who presented with a severe acute hepatitis B infection, liver failure, and marked hyperbilirubinemia. Treatment with single-pass albumin dialysis combined with a hemoperfusion device was successful in improving clinical, physiological, and laboratory parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piscitani
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Leone
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, S. Salvatore Hospital, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Biase
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, SS Filippo e Nicola Hospital, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Lia Salvati
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, SS Filippo e Nicola Hospital, Avezzano, Italy
| | - Vittorio Sirolli
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marilena Tunno
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, S. Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Mario Bonomini
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cao M, Qiao M, Sohail M, Zhang X. Non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives for COVID-19 treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:974-981. [PMID: 36528145 PMCID: PMC9749384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the infection of SARS-CoV-2, has generated significant harm to the world economy and taken numerous lives. This syndrome is characterized by an acute inflammatory response, mainly in the lungs and kidneys. Accumulated evidence suggests that exogenous heparin might contribute to the alleviation of COVID-19 severity through anticoagulant and various non-anticoagulant mechanisms, including heparanase inhibition, chemokine and cytokine neutralization, leukocyte trafficking interference, viral cellular-entry obstruction, and extracellular cytotoxic histone neutralization. However, the side effects of heparin and potential drawbacks of administering heparin therapy need to be considered. Here, the current heparin therapy drawbacks were covered in great detail: structure-activity relationship (SAR) mystery, potential contamination, and anticoagulant activity. Considering these unfavorable effects, specific non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives with antiviral activity could be promising candidates to treat COVID-19. Furthermore, a structurally diverse library of non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives, constructed by chemical modification and enzymatic depolymerization, would contribute to a deeper understanding of SAR mystery. In short, targeting non-anticoagulant mechanisms may produce better therapeutic effects, overcoming the side effects in patients suffering from COVID-19 and other inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meng Qiao
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Wenyuan Road 1, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui X, Zhang XF, Jagota A. Penetration of Cell Surface Glycocalyx by Enveloped Viruses Is Aided by Weak Multivalent Adhesive Interaction. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:486-494. [PMID: 36598427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral infection usually begins with adhesion between the viral particle and viral receptors displayed on the cell membrane. The exterior surface of the cell membrane is typically coated with a brush-like layer of molecules, the glycocalyx, that the viruses need to penetrate. Although there is extensive literature on the biomechanics of virus-cell adhesion, much of it is based on continuum-level models that do not address the question of how virus/cell-membrane adhesion occurs through the glycocalyx. In this work, we present a simulation study of the penetration mechanism. Using a coarse-grained molecular model, we study the force-driven and diffusive penetration of a brush-like glycocalyx by viral particles. For force-driven penetration, we find that viral particles smaller than the spacing of molecules in the brush reach the membrane surface readily. For a given maximum force, viral particles larger than the minimum spacing of brush molecules arrest at some distance from the membrane, governed by the balance of elastic and applied forces. For the diffusive case, we find that weak but multivalent attraction between the glycocalyx molecules and the virus effectively leads to its engulfment by the glycocalyx. Our finding provides potential guidance for developing glycocalyx-targeting drugs and therapies by understanding how virus-cell adhesion works.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - X Frank Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Anand Jagota
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chemistry and Function of Glycosaminoglycans in the Nervous System. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:117-162. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
27
|
Seffer MT, Weinert M, Molinari G, Rohde M, Gröbe L, Kielstein JT, Engelmann S. Staphylococcus aureus binding to Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter: Effects of surface protein expression and treatment duration. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283304. [PMID: 36930680 PMCID: PMC10022791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracorporeal blood purification systems represent a promising alternative for treatment of blood stream infections with multiresistant bacteria. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyse the binding activity of S. aureus to Seraph affinity filters based on heparin coated beads and to identify effectors influencing this binding activity. RESULTS To test the binding activity, we used gfp-expressing S. aureus Newman strains inoculated either in 0.9% NaCl or in blood plasma and determined the number of unbound bacteria by FACS analyses after passing through Seraph affinity filters. The binding activity of S. aureus was clearly impaired in human plasma: while a percent removal of 42% was observed in 0.9% NaCl (p-value 0.0472) using Seraph mini columns, a percent removal of only 10% was achieved in human plasma (p-value 0.0934). The different composition of surface proteins in S. aureus caused by the loss of SarA, SigB, Lgt, and SaeS had no significant influence on its binding activity. In a clinically relevant approach using the Seraph® 100 Microbind® Affinity Filter and 1000 ml of human blood plasma from four different donors, the duration of treatment was shown to have a critical effect on the rate of bacterial reduction. Within the first four hours, the number of bacteria decreased continuously and the reduction in bacteria reached statistical significance after two hours of treatment (percentage reduction 64%, p-value 0.01165). The final reduction after four hours of treatment was close to 90% and is dependent on donor. The capacity of Seraph® 100 for S. aureus in human plasma was approximately 5 x 108 cells. CONCLUSIONS The Seraph affinity filter, based on heparin-coated beads, is a highly efficient method for reducing S. aureus in human blood plasma, with efficiency dependent on blood plasma composition and treatment duration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin-Theres Seffer
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Medical Clinic V, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin Weinert
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriella Molinari
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Central Facility of Microscopy, Braunschweig Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Central Facility of Microscopy, Braunschweig Germany
| | - Lothar Gröbe
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Experimental Immunology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan T. Kielstein
- Medical Clinic V, Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification, Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Engelmann
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Microbial Proteomics, Braunschweig, Germany
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Microbiology, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Khan SA, Nidhi FNU, Amendum PC, Tomatsu S. Detection of Glycosaminoglycans in Biological Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2619:3-24. [PMID: 36662458 PMCID: PMC10199356 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2946-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) are macromolecules formed by a protein backbone to which one or more glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains are covalently attached. Most PGs are present in connective tissues, cell surfaces, and intracellular compartments. The major biological function of PGs derives from the GAG component of the molecule, which is involved in cell growth and proliferation, embryogenesis, maintenance of tissue hydration, and interactions of the cells via receptors. PGs are categorized into four groups based on their cellular and subcellular localization, including cell surfaces and extracellular, intracellular, and pericellular locations. GAGs are a crucial component of PGs involved in various physiological and pathological processes. GAGs also serve as biomarkers of metabolic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. Detection of specific GAGs in various biological fluids helps manage various genetic metabolic disorders before it causes irreversible damage to the patient (Amendum et al., Diagnostics (Basel) 11(9):1563, 2021). There are several methods for detecting GAGs; this chapter focuses on measuring GAGs using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometry, and automated high-throughput mass spectrometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaukat A Khan
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - F N U Nidhi
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Paige C Amendum
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biomedical Research, Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
de la Rosa A, Metzendorf NG, Morrison JI, Faresjö R, Rofo F, Petrovic A, O’Callaghan P, Syvänen S, Hultqvist G. Introducing or removing heparan sulfate binding sites does not alter brain uptake of the blood-brain barrier shuttle scFv8D3. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21479. [PMID: 36509864 PMCID: PMC9744743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25965-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) greatly limits the delivery of protein-based drugs into the brain and is a major obstacle for the treatment of brain disorders. Targeting the transferrin receptor (TfR) is a strategy for transporting protein-based drugs into the brain, which can be utilized by using TfR-binding BBB transporters, such as the TfR-binding antibody 8D3. In this current study, we investigated if binding to heparan sulfate (HS) contributes to the brain uptake of a single chain fragment variable of 8D3 (scFv8D3). We designed and produced a scFv8D3 mutant, engineered with additional HS binding sites, HS(+)scFv8D3, to assess whether increased HS binding would improve brain uptake. Additionally, a mutant with a reduced number of HS binding sites, HS(-)scFv8D3, was also engineered to see if reducing the HS binding sites could also affect brain uptake. Heparin column chromatography showed that only the HS(+)scFv8D3 mutant bound HS in the experimental conditions. Ex vivo results showed that the brain uptake was unaffected by the introduction or removal of HS binding sites, which indicates that scFv8D3 is not dependent on the HS binding sites for brain uptake. Conversely, introducing HS binding sites to scFv8D3 decreased its renal excretion while removing them had the opposite effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés de la Rosa
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicole G. Metzendorf
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jamie I. Morrison
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Faresjö
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fadi Rofo
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Petrovic
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paul O’Callaghan
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Greta Hultqvist
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Protein Drug Design Group, Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sahu B, Shrama DD, Jayakumar GC, Madhan B, Zameer F. A review on an imperative by-product: Glycosaminoglycans- A Holistic approach. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
31
|
Structural Characteristics of Heparin Binding to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein RBD of Omicron Sub-Lineages BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122696. [PMID: 36560700 PMCID: PMC9788508 DOI: 10.3390/v14122696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The now prevalent Omicron variant and its subvariants/sub-lineages have led to a significant increase in COVID-19 cases and raised serious concerns about increased risk of infectivity, immune evasion, and reinfection. Heparan sulfate (HS), located on the surface of host cells, plays an important role as a co-receptor for virus-host cell interaction. The ability of heparin and HS to compete for binding of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to cell surface HS illustrates the therapeutic potential of agents targeting protein-glycan interactions. In the current study, phylogenetic tree of variants and mutations in S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) of Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4 and BA.5 were described. The binding affinity of Omicron S protein RBD to heparin was further investigated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Solution competition studies on the inhibitory activity of heparin oligosaccharides and desulfated heparins at different sites on S protein RBD-heparin interactions revealed that different sub-lineages tend to bind heparin with different chain lengths and sulfation patterns. Furthermore, blind docking experiments showed the contribution of basic amino acid residues in RBD and sulfo groups and carboxyl groups on heparin to the interaction. Finally, pentosan polysulfate and mucopolysaccharide polysulfate were evaluated for inhibition on the interaction of heparin and S protein RBD of Omicron BA.2.12.1, BA.4/BA.5, and both showed much stronger inhibition than heparin.
Collapse
|
32
|
Acosta‐Gutiérrez S, Buckley J, Battaglia G. The Role of Host Cell Glycans on Virus Infectivity: The SARS-CoV-2 Case. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 10:e2201853. [PMID: 36417571 PMCID: PMC9811451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycans are ubiquitously expressed sugars, coating the cell and protein surfaces. They are found on many proteins as either short and branched chains or long chains sticking out from special membrane proteins, known as proteoglycans. This sugar cushion, the glycocalyx, modulates specific interactions and protects the cell. Here it is shown that both the expression of proteoglycans and the glycans expressed on the surface of both the host and virus proteins have a critical role in modulating viral attachment to the cell. A mathematical model using SARS-Cov-2 as an archetypical virus to study the glycan role during infection is proposed. It is shown that this occurs via a tug-of-war of forces. On one side, the multivalent molecular recognition that viral proteins have toward specific host glycans and receptors. On the other side, the glycan steric repulsion that a virus must overcome to approach such specific receptors. By balancing both interactions, viral tropism can be predicted. In other words, the authors can map out the cells susceptible to virus infection in terms of receptors and proteoglycans compositions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Acosta‐Gutiérrez
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Joseph Buckley
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Institute for the Physics of Living SystemsUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyUniversity College LondonLondonCentral LondonUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StLondonCentral LondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC)The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advances Studies (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zappe A, Miller RL, Struwe WB, Pagel K. State-of-the-art glycosaminoglycan characterization. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1040-1071. [PMID: 34608657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are heterogeneous acidic polysaccharides involved in a range of biological functions. They have a significant influence on the regulation of cellular processes and the development of various diseases and infections. To fully understand the functional roles that GAGs play in mammalian systems, including disease processes, it is essential to understand their structural features. Despite having a linear structure and a repetitive disaccharide backbone, their structural analysis is challenging and requires elaborate preparative and analytical techniques. In particular, the extent to which GAGs are sulfated, as well as variation in sulfate position across the entire oligosaccharide or on individual monosaccharides, represents a major obstacle. Here, we summarize the current state-of-the-art methodologies used for GAG sample preparation and analysis, discussing in detail liquid chromatograpy and mass spectrometry-based approaches, including advanced ion activation methods, ion mobility separations and infrared action spectroscopy of mass-selected species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Zappe
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rebecca L Miller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen Centre for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kevin Pagel
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shi D, He P, Song Y, Cheng S, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Chi L, Zhang F. Kinetic and Structural Aspects of Glycosaminoglycan-Monkeypox Virus Protein A29 Interactions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. Molecules 2022; 27:5898. [PMID: 36144634 PMCID: PMC9503980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Monkeypox virus (MPXV), a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus, has begun to spread into many countries worldwide. While the prevalence of monkeypox in Central and Western Africa is well-known, the recent rise in the number of cases spread through intimate personal contact, particularly in the United States, poses a grave international threat. Previous studies have shown that cell-surface heparan sulfate (HS) is important for vaccinia virus (VACV) infection, particularly the binding of VACV A27, which appears to mediate the binding of virus to cellular HS. Some other glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also bind to proteins on Orthopoxviruses. In this study, by using surface plasmon resonance, we demonstrated that MPXV A29 protein (a homolog of VACV A27) binds to GAGs including heparin and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate. The negative charges on GAGs are important for GAG-MPXV A29 interaction. GAG analogs, pentosan polysulfate and mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, show strong inhibition of MPXV A29-heparin interaction. A detailed understanding on the molecular interactions involved in this disease should accelerate the development of therapeutics and drugs for the treatment of MPXV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deling Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Peng He
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Shuihong Cheng
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Lianli Chi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Foote CA, Soares RN, Ramirez-Perez FI, Ghiarone T, Aroor A, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Endothelial Glycocalyx. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3781-3811. [PMID: 35997082 PMCID: PMC10214841 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a polysaccharide structure that protrudes from the body of a cell. It is primarily conformed of glycoproteins and proteoglycans, which provide communication, electrostatic charge, ionic buffering, permeability, and mechanosensation-mechanotransduction capabilities to cells. In blood vessels, the endothelial glycocalyx that projects into the vascular lumen separates the vascular wall from the circulating blood. Such a physical location allows a number of its components, including sialic acid, glypican-1, heparan sulfate, and hyaluronan, to participate in the mechanosensation-mechanotransduction of blood flow-dependent shear stress, which results in the synthesis of nitric oxide and flow-mediated vasodilation. The endothelial glycocalyx also participates in the regulation of vascular permeability and the modulation of inflammatory responses, including the processes of leukocyte rolling and extravasation. Its structural architecture and negative charge work to prevent macromolecules greater than approximately 70 kDa and cationic molecules from binding and flowing out of the vasculature. This also prevents the extravasation of pathogens such as bacteria and virus, as well as that of tumor cells. Due to its constant exposure to shear and circulating enzymes such as neuraminidase, heparanase, hyaluronidase, and matrix metalloproteinases, the endothelial glycocalyx is in a continuous process of degradation and renovation. A balance favoring degradation is associated with a variety of pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension, vascular aging, metastatic cancer, and diabetic vasculopathies. Consequently, ongoing research efforts are focused on deciphering the mechanisms that promote glycocalyx degradation or limit its syntheses, as well as on therapeutic approaches to improve glycocalyx integrity with the goal of reducing vascular disease. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-31, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A. Foote
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rogerio N. Soares
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Annayya Aroor
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Jaume Padilla
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Luis A. Martinez-Lemus
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kogut MM, Danielsson A, Ricard-Blum S, Samsonov SA. Impact of calcium ions on the structural and dynamic properties of heparin oligosaccharides by computational analysis. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 99:107727. [PMID: 35841830 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Heparin (HP) belongs to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), anionic linear polysaccharides composed of repetitive disaccharide units. They are key players in many biological processes occurring in the extracellular matrix and at the cell surface. GAGs are challenging molecules for computational research due to their high chemical heterogeneity, flexibility, periodicity, pseudosymmetry, predominantly electrostatics-driven nature of interactions with their protein partners and potential multipose binding. The molecular mechanisms underlying GAG interactions mediated by divalent ions, which are important for GAG binding to several proteins, are not well understood. The goal of this study was to characterize the binding of Ca2+ to two HP oligosaccharides of different lengths (dp10 and dp18, dp: degree of polymerization) and their impact on HP conformational space and their dynamic behavior with the use of molecular dynamics (MD)-based approaches with two Ca2+ parameter sets. MD data suggested that the flexibility of the monosaccharides, the glycosidic linkages and ring puckering were not affected by the presence of Ca2+, in contrast to H-bond propensities and the calculated Rg for a fraction of the oligosaccharide populations in both dp10 and dp18. Moreover, the essential differences in the data obtained by using two Ca2+ parameter sets were reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata M Kogut
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Annemarie Danielsson
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- Univ Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, UMR 5246, Villeurbanne CEDEX F-69622, France
| | - Sergey A Samsonov
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 63, Gdańsk 80-308, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Cloning and Expression of Heparinase Gene from a Novel Strain Raoultella NX-TZ-3-15. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4971-4984. [PMID: 35679015 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Heparin is a class of highly sulfated, acidic, linear, and complex polysaccharide that belongs to the heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans family. Enzymatic depolymerization of heparin by heparinases is a promising strategy for the production of ultra-low molecular weight heparins (ULMWHs) as anticoagulants. In the present study, a novel heparinase-producing strain Raoultella NX-TZ-3-15 was isolated and identified from soil samples. Herein, the heparinase gene MBP-H1 was cloned to the pBENT vector to enable expression in Escherichia coli. The optimized conditions made the activity of recombinant heparinase reach the highest level (2140 U/L). The overexpressed MBP-H1 was purified by affinity chromatography and a purity of more than 90% was obtained. The condition for biocatalysis was also optimized and three metal ions Ca2+, Co2+, and Mg2+ were utilized to activate the reaction. In addition, the kinetics regarding the new fusion heparinase was also determined with a Vm value of 11.29 μmol/min and a Km value of 31.2 μmol/L. In short, due to excellent Km and Vmax, the recombinant enzyme has great potential to be used in the clinic in medicine and industrial production of low or ultra-low molecule weight heparin.
Collapse
|
38
|
Guo D, Yu X, Wang D, Li Z, Zhou Y, Xu G, Yuan B, Qin Y, Chen M. SLC35B2 Acts in a Dual Role in the Host Sulfation Required for EV71 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0204221. [PMID: 35420441 PMCID: PMC9093107 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02042-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important neurotropic enterovirus, enterovirus 71 (EV71) is occasionally associated with severe neurological diseases and high mortality rates in infants and young children. Understanding the interaction between host factors and EV71 will play a vital role in developing antivirals and optimizing vaccines. Here, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen and revealed that scavenger receptor class B member 2 (SCARB2), solute carrier family 35 member B2 (SLC35B2), and beta-1,3-glucuronyltransferase 3 (B3GAT3) are essential in facilitating EV71 replication. Subsequently, the exploration of molecular mechanisms suggested that the knockout of SLC35B2 or B3GAT3, not SCARB2, led to a remarkable decrease in the binding of EV71 to cells and internalization into cells. Furthermore, we found that the infection efficiency for EV71 was positively correlated with the level of host cell sulfation, not simply with the amount of heparan sulfate, suggesting that an unidentified sulfated protein(s) must contribute to EV71 infection. In support of this idea, we screened possible sulfated proteins among the proteinous receptors for EV71 and confirmed that SCARB2 could uniquely interact with both tyrosyl protein sulfotransferases in humans. We then performed mass spectrometric analysis of SCARB2, identifying five sites with tyrosine sulfation. The function verification test indicated that there were more than five tyrosine-sulfated sites on SCARB2. Finally, we constructed a model for EV71 entry in which both heparan sulfate and SCARB2 are regulated by SLC35B2 and act cooperatively to support viral binding, internalization, and uncoating. Taken together, this is the first time that we performed the pooled CRISPR-Cas9 genetic screening to investigate the interplay of host cells and EV71. Furthermore, we found that a novel host factor, SLC35B2, played a dual role in regulating the overall sulfation comprising heparan sulfate sulfation and protein tyrosine sulfation, which are critical for EV71 entry. IMPORTANCE As the most important nonpolio neurotropic enterovirus lacking specific treatments, EV71 can transmit to the central nervous system, leading to severe and fatal neurological complications in infants and young children. The identification of new factors that facilitate or inhibit EV71 replication is crucial to uncover the mechanisms of viral infection and pathogenesis. To date, only a few host factors involved in EV71 infection have been characterized. Herein, we conducted a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 functional knockout (GeCKO) screen for the first time to study EV71 in HeLa cells. The screening results are presented as a ranked list of candidates, including 518 hits in the positive selection that facilitate EV71 replication and 1,044 hits in the negative selection that may be essential for cell growth and survival or for suppressing EV71 infection. We subsequently concentrated on the top three hits in the positive selection: SCARB2, SLC35B2, and B3GAT3. The knockout of any of these three genes confers strong resistance against EV71 infection. We confirmed that EV71 infection is codependent on two receptors, heparan sulfate and SCARB2. We also identified a host entry factor, SLC35B2, indirectly facilitating EV71 infection through regulation of the host cell sulfation, and determined a novel posttranslational modification, protein tyrosine sulfation existing in SCARB2. This study revealed that EV71 infectivity exhibits a significant positive correlation with the level of cellular sulfation regulated by SLC35B2. Due to the sulfation pathway being required for many distinct viruses, including but not limited to EV71 and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which were tested in this study, SLC35B2 represents a target of broad-spectrum antiviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhifei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guodong Xu
- Wuhan Canvest Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Yuan
- Wuhan Canvest Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Iliou K, Kikionis S, Ioannou E, Roussis V. Marine Biopolymers as Bioactive Functional Ingredients of Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050314. [PMID: 35621965 PMCID: PMC9143254 DOI: 10.3390/md20050314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine biopolymers, abundantly present in seaweeds and marine animals, feature diverse structures and functionalities, and possess a wide range of beneficial biological activities. Characterized by high biocompatibility and biodegradability, as well as unique physicochemical properties, marine biopolymers are attracting a constantly increasing interest for the development of advanced systems for applications in the biomedical field. The development of electrospinning offers an innovative technological platform for the production of nonwoven nanofibrous scaffolds with increased surface area, high encapsulation efficacy, intrinsic interconnectivity, and structural analogy to the natural extracellular matrix. Marine biopolymer-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds with multifunctional characteristics and tunable mechanical properties now attract significant attention for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. The present review, covering the literature up to the end of 2021, highlights the advancements in the development of marine biopolymer-based electrospun nanofibers for their utilization as cell proliferation scaffolds, bioadhesives, release modifiers, and wound dressings.
Collapse
|
40
|
Homayonia S, Ling CC. Highly Efficient and Stereoselective Synthesis of 6,7‐Dideoxy‐β‐D‐ido‐octopyranuronates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Homayonia
- University of Calgary Department of Chemistry 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary CANADA
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- University of Calgary Department of Chemistry 2500 University Drive NW T2N 1N4 Calgary CANADA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Zipperle J, Oberladstätter D, Weichselbaum N, Schlimp CJ, Hofmann N, Iapichino G, Voelckel W, Ziegler B, Grottke O, Osuchowski M, Schöchl H. Thromboelastometry fails to detect autoheparinization after major trauma and hemorrhagic shock. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2022; 92:535-541. [PMID: 34789706 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000003464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heparan sulfate is an integral component of the glycocalyx that provides an anticoagulant layer close to the endothelium. Hypoperfusion, inflammation, and sympathoadrenal activation following major trauma result in glycocalyx shedding and subsequent release of heparan sulfate into the bloodstream. The possible anticoagulant effect of this "autoheparinization" has been suggested as a potential driver of trauma-induced coagulopathy. We investigated whether thromboelastometry can be used to detect trauma-induced autoheparinization. METHODS This study comprised three parts. First, in a retrospective clinical study of 264 major trauma patients, the clotting time (CT) in the intrinsic activation (INTEM) and intrinsic activation plus heparinase (HEPTEM) assays were evaluated upon emergency room admission. Second, in an in vivo experimental rat model of hemorrhagic-traumatic shock, the release of heparan sulfate was investigated with INTEM and HEPTEM analyses of whole blood. Third, in vitro spiking of whole blood from healthy volunteers was undertaken to assess the effects of clinically relevant quantities of heparan sulfate and heparin on CT in the INTEM and HEPTEM assays. RESULTS In the first part, severe injury and hemorrhagic shock was not associated with any increases in INTEM CT versus HEPTEM CT. Part 2 showed that an approximate threefold increase in heparan sulfate resulting from hemorrhagic traumatic shock in rats did not prolong INTEM CT, and no significant differences between INTEM CT and HEPTEM CT were observed. Third, spiking of whole blood with heparan sulfate had no impact on INTEM CT, whereas heparin elicited significant prolongation of INTEM CT. CONCLUSION Despite structural similarity between heparan sulfate and heparin, the amounts of heparan sulfate shed in response to trauma did not exert an anticoagulant effect that was measurable by the intrinsically activated CT in thromboelastometry. The extent to which heparan sulfate contributes to trauma-induced coagulopathy has yet to be elucidated. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic and Epidemiologic; Level III.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zipperle
- From the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology (J.Z., D.O., C.J.S., N.H., G.I., M.O., H.S.), AUVA Trauma Research Centre, Vienna; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (D.O., N.W., W.V., H.S.), AUVA Trauma Centre Salzburg, Academic Teaching Hospital of the Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Paracelsus Medical University (N.W.), Salzburg; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (C.J.S.), AUVA Trauma Centre Linz, Linz; Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and General Intensive Care Medicine (B.Z.), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; and Department of Anaesthesiology (O.G.), RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Smith MM, Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Pentosan Polysulphate (PPS), a Semi-Synthetic Heparinoid DMOAD With Roles in Intervertebral Disc Repair Biology emulating The Stem Cell Instructive and Tissue Reparative Properties of Heparan Sulphate. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:406-430. [PMID: 35102748 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This review highlights the attributes of pentosan polysulphate (PPS) in the promotion of intervertebral disc (IVD) repair processes. PPS has been classified as a disease modifying osteoarthritic drug (DMOAD) and many studies have demonstrated its positive attributes in the countering of degenerative changes occurring in cartilaginous tissues during the development of osteoarthritis (OA). Degenerative changes in the IVD also involve inflammatory cytokines, degradative proteases and cell signalling pathways similar to those operative in the development of OA in articular cartilage. PPS acts as a heparan sulphate (HS) mimetic to effect its beneficial effects in cartilage. The IVD contains small cell membrane HS-proteoglycans (HSPGs) such as syndecan, and glypican and a large multifunctional HS/chondroitin sulphate (CS) hybrid proteoglycan (HSPG2/perlecan) that have important matrix stabilising properties and sequester, control and present growth factors from the FGF, VEGF, PDGF and BMP families to cellular receptors to promote cell proliferation, differentiation and matrix synthesis. HSPG2 also has chondrogenic properties and stimulates the synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, expansion of cartilaginous rudiments and has roles in matrix stabilisation and repair. Perlecan is a perinuclear and nuclear proteoglycan in IVD cells with roles in chromatin organisation and control of transcription factor activity, immunolocalises to stem cell niches in cartilage, promotes escape of stem cells from quiescent recycling, differentiation and attainment of pluripotency and migratory properties. These participate in tissue development and morphogenesis, ECM remodelling and repair. PPS also localises in the nucleus of stromal stem cells, promotes development of chondroprogenitor cell lineages, ECM synthesis and repair and discal repair by resident disc cells. The availability of recombinant perlecan and PPS offer new opportunities in repair biology. These multifunctional agents offer welcome new developments in repair strategies for the IVD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaret M Smith
- The University of Sydney Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, 247198, St Leonards, New South Wales, Australia;
| | - Anthony J Hayes
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, University of Cardiff, UK, Bioimaging Unit, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - James Melrose
- Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Raymond Purves Lab, Sydney Medical School Northern, Level 10, Kolling Institute B6, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, New South Wales, Australia, 2065.,University of New South Wales, 7800, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2052;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Kij A, Olkowicz M, Fels B, Kusche-Vihrog K, Walczak M, Chlopicki S. Simultaneous quantification of selected glycosaminoglycans by butanolysis-based derivatization and LC-SRM/MS analysis for assessing glycocalyx disruption in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2022; 238:123008. [PMID: 34857342 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.123008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) constitute the main building blocks of the endothelial glycocalyx (GLX), and disruption of GLX initiates and promotes endothelial dysfunction. Here, we aimed to develop a novel, specific and accurate LC-SRM/MS-based method for glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) profiling. The method involved butanolysis derivatization to facilitate GAG-specific disaccharide generation and its subsequent retention in LC-reversed-phase mode followed by mass spectrometric detection performed in positive ion-selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. GAG contents were measured in media of endothelial cells (EA.hy926) subjected to various GAG-degrading enzymes, as well as in murine plasma and urine in apolipoprotein E/low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (ApoE/LDLR -/-) mice and age-matched wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Alternatively, GLX disruption was verified by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based analysis of GLX thickness. The proposed assay to quantify GAG-specific disaccharides presented high sensitivity for each of the analytes (LLOQ: 0.05-0.1 μg/mL) as well as accuracy and precision (86.8-114.9% and 2.0-14.3%, respectively). In medium of EA.hy926 cells subjected to GAG-degrading enzymes various GAG-specific disaccharides indicating the degradation of keratan sulphate (KS), heparan sulphate (HS), chondroitin sulphate (CHS) or hyaluronan (HA) were detected as predicted based on the characteristics of individual enzyme activity. In turn, AFM-based assessment of GLX thickness was reduced to a similar extent by all single enzyme treatments, whereas the most prominent reduction of GLX thickness was detected following the enzyme mixture. Plasma measurements of GAGs revealed age- and hypercholesterolemia-dependent decrease in GAGs concentration. In summary, a novel LC-SRM/MS-based method for GAG profiling was proposed that may inform on GLX status in cell culture for both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kij
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mariola Olkowicz
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Physiologie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Gebäude 61, D-23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Kristina Kusche-Vihrog
- Universität zu Lübeck, Institut für Physiologie, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Gebäude 61, D-23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Chair and Department of Toxicology, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian University, Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Bobrzynskiego 14, 30-348, Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Chair of Pharmacology, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Meuskens I, Leva-Bueno J, Millner P, Schütz M, Peyman SA, Linke D. The Trimeric Autotransporter Adhesin YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:9 Binds Glycan Moieties. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:738818. [PMID: 35178035 PMCID: PMC8844515 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.738818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) is a key virulence factor of Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. YadA is a trimeric autotransporter adhesin, a class of adhesins that have been shown to enable many Gram-negative pathogens to adhere to/interact with the host extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen, vitronectin, and fibronectin. Here, we show for the first time that YadA of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:9 not only interacts with proteinaceous surface molecules but can also attach directly to glycan moieties. We show that YadA from Y. enterocolitica serotype O:9 does not interact with the vitronectin protein itself but exclusively with its N-linked glycans. We also show that YadA can target other glycan moieties as found in heparin, for example. So far, little is known about specific interactions between bacterial autotransporter adhesins and glycans. This could potentially lead to new antimicrobial treatment strategies, as well as diagnostic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ina Meuskens
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Juan Leva-Bueno
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Millner
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Schütz
- Interfakultäres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tübingen (IMIT), Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Hygiene, Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sally A. Peyman
- Molecular and Nanoscale Physics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Linke
- Section for Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Guarino VA, Blau A, Alvarenga J, Loscalzo J, Zhang YY. A crosslinked dextran sulfate-chitosan nanoparticle for delivery of therapeutic heparin-binding proteins. Int J Pharm 2021; 610:121287. [PMID: 34775044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Negatively charged dextran sulfate (DS)-chitosan nanoparticles (DSCS NPs) contain a DS outer shell with binding properties similar to those of heparin and are useful for the incorporation and delivery of therapeutic heparin-binding proteins. These particles, however, are unstable in physiological salt solutions due to their formation through electrostatic interactions. In the present study, a method was developed to covalently crosslink chitosan in the core of the DSCS NP with a short chain dicarboxylic acid (succinate), while leaving the outer shell of the particle untouched. The crosslinked particles, XDSCS NPs, are stable in NaCl solutions up to 3 M. XDSCS NPs were able to incorporate heparin-binding proteins (VEGF and SDF-1α) rapidly and efficiently, and maintain the full biological activity of the proteins. The incorporated proteins were not released from the particles after a 14-day incubation period at 37 °C in PBS, but retained the same activity as those stored at 4 °C. When aerosolized for delivery to the lungs of rats, XDSCS NP-incorporated SDF-1α showed a ∼17-fold greater retention time compared to that of free protein. These properties suggest that XDSCS NPs could be beneficial for the delivery of therapeutic heparin-binding proteins to achieve sustained in vivo effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Guarino
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Adam Blau
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Jack Alvarenga
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, United States
| | - Joseph Loscalzo
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Ying-Yi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Di Micco P, Imbalzano E, Russo V, Attena E, Mandaliti V, Orlando L, Lombardi M, Di Micco G, Camporese G, Annunziata S, Piccinocchi G, Pacelli W, Del Guercio M. Heparin and SARS-CoV-2: Multiple Pathophysiological Links. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122486. [PMID: 34960754 PMCID: PMC8705068 DOI: 10.3390/v13122486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, has been one of most used drugs to fight the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Pharmacological properties of heparin recognize its specific ability, as with other oligosaccharides and glycosaminoglycan, to bind several types of viruses during their pass through the extracellular matrix of the respiratory tract, as well as its anticoagulant activity to prevent venous thromboembolism. Antithrombotic actions of enoxaparin have been testified both for inpatients with COVID-19 in regular ward and for inpatients in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Prophylactic doses seem to be able to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) in inpatients in the regular ward, while intermediate or therapeutic doses have been frequently adopted for inpatients with COVID-19 in ICU. On the other hand, although we reported several useful actions of heparin for inpatients with COVID-19, an increased rate of bleeding has been recorded, and it may be related to several conditions such as underlying diseases with increased risks of bleeding, increased doses or prolonged administration of heparin, personal trend to bleed, and so on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Di Micco
- Department of Medicine, Buon Consiglio Fatebenefratelli Hospital of Naples, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Egidio Imbalzano
- Dipartimento Di ClinicaMedica E Farmacologia, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.I.); (L.O.)
| | - Vincenzo Russo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”—Monaldi Hospital, Piazzale Ettore Ruggeri, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Emilio Attena
- Division of Cardiology, San Giuliano Hospital, 80014 Giugliano in Campania, Italy;
| | | | - Luana Orlando
- Dipartimento Di ClinicaMedica E Farmacologia, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (E.I.); (L.O.)
| | - Maurizio Lombardi
- Cardiocenter Outpatients Clinic, 80121 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (W.P.)
| | - Gianluca Di Micco
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Buon Consiglio, Fatebenefratelli, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Camporese
- Unit of Angiology, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, Padua University, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | | | | | - Walter Pacelli
- Cardiocenter Outpatients Clinic, 80121 Naples, Italy; (M.L.); (W.P.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Limorenko G, Lashuel HA. Revisiting the grammar of Tau aggregation and pathology formation: how new insights from brain pathology are shaping how we study and target Tauopathies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 51:513-565. [PMID: 34889934 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00127b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence continues to point towards Tau aggregation and pathology formation as central events in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and other Tauopathies. Despite significant advances in understanding the morphological and structural properties of Tau fibrils, many fundamental questions remain about what causes Tau to aggregate in the first place. The exact roles of cofactors, Tau post-translational modifications, and Tau interactome in regulating Tau aggregation, pathology formation, and toxicity remain unknown. Recent studies have put the spotlight on the wide gap between the complexity of Tau structures, aggregation, and pathology formation in the brain and the simplicity of experimental approaches used for modeling these processes in research laboratories. Embracing and deconstructing this complexity is an essential first step to understanding the role of Tau in health and disease. To help deconstruct this complexity and understand its implication for the development of effective Tau targeting diagnostics and therapies, we firstly review how our understanding of Tau aggregation and pathology formation has evolved over the past few decades. Secondly, we present an analysis of new findings and insights from recent studies illustrating the biochemical, structural, and functional heterogeneity of Tau aggregates. Thirdly, we discuss the importance of adopting new experimental approaches that embrace the complexity of Tau aggregation and pathology as an important first step towards developing mechanism- and structure-based therapies that account for the pathological and clinical heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease and Tauopathies. We believe that this is essential to develop effective diagnostics and therapies to treat these devastating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galina Limorenko
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Shanthamurthy CD, Gimeno A, Leviatan Ben-Arye S, Kumar NV, Jain P, Padler-Karavani V, Jiménez-Barbero J, Kikkeri R. Sulfation Code and Conformational Plasticity of l-Iduronic Acid Homo-Oligosaccharides Mimic the Biological Functions of Heparan Sulfate. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2481-2489. [PMID: 34586794 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the activity of heparan sulfate (HS) has led to the discovery of many drug candidates that have the potential to impact both medical science and human health. However, structural diversity and synthetic challenges impede the progress of HS research. Here, we report a library of novel l-iduronic acid (IdoA)-based HS mimics that are highly tunable in conformation plasticity and sulfation patterns to produce many of the functions of native HS oligosaccharides. The NMR analysis of HS mimics confirmed that 4-O-sulfation enhances the population of the 1C4 geometry. Interestingly, the 1C4 conformer becomes exclusive upon additional 2-O-sulfation. HS mimic microarray binding studies with different growth factors showed that selectivity and avidity are greatly modulated by the oligosaccharide length, sulfation code, and IdoA conformation. Particularly, we have identified 4-O-sulfated IdoA disaccharide (I-21) as a potential ligand for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF165), which in a multivalent display modulated endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. Overall, these results encourage the consideration of HS mimics for therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Gimeno
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Shani Leviatan Ben-Arye
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nanjundaswamy Vijendra Kumar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce & Science, Mysuru 570025, India
| | - Prashant Jain
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC bioGUNE, Basque Research Technology Alliance, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology park, 48160 Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Department Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV-EHU, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Ragahvendra Kikkeri
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Laner-Plamberger S, Oeller M, Rohde E, Schallmoser K, Strunk D. Heparin and Derivatives for Advanced Cell Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12041. [PMID: 34769471 PMCID: PMC8584295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin and its derivatives are saving thousands of human lives annually, by successfully preventing and treating thromboembolic events. Although the mode of action during anticoagulation is well studied, their influence on cell behavior is not fully understood as is the risk of bleeding and other side effects. New applications in regenerative medicine have evolved supporting production of cell-based therapeutics or as a substrate for creating functionalized matrices in biotechnology. The currently resurgent interest in heparins is related to the expected combined anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and anti-viral action against COVID-19. Based on a concise summary of key biochemical and clinical data, this review summarizes the impact for manufacturing and application of cell therapeutics and highlights the need for discriminating the different heparins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Laner-Plamberger
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.-P.); (M.O.); (E.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Michaela Oeller
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.-P.); (M.O.); (E.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.-P.); (M.O.); (E.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Katharina Schallmoser
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.L.-P.); (M.O.); (E.R.)
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
| | - Dirk Strunk
- Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;
- Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Netting Gut Disease: Neutrophil Extracellular Trap in Intestinal Pathology. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5541222. [PMID: 34712384 PMCID: PMC8548149 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5541222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many gut disease etiologies are attributed to the presence of robust inflammatory cell recruitment. The recruitment of neutrophils plays a vital role in inflammatory infiltration. Neutrophils have various antimicrobial effector mechanisms, including phagocytosis, oxidative burst, and degranulation. It is suggested that neutrophils could release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) to kill pathogens. However, recent evidence indicates that neutrophil infiltration within the gut is associated with disrupted local immunological microenvironment and impaired epithelial barrier. Growing evidence implies that NETs are involved in the progression of many diseases, including cancer, diabetes, thrombosis, and autoimmune disease. Increased NET formation was found in acute or chronic conditions, including infection, sterile inflammation, cancer, and ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in the understanding of NETs, focusing on their effects in gut disease. We also discuss NETs as a potential therapeutic target in gut disease.
Collapse
|