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Cui W, Liu Z, Liang C, Zhao Z. Comparative efficacy of different types of exercise modalities on psychiatric symptomatology in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7019. [PMID: 38528063 PMCID: PMC10963726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57081-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This network meta-analysis investigated the effects of 8 types of physical exercises on treating positive symptoms, negative symptoms, general psychopathology, and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score in patients with schizophrenia. The methods adhered to PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane risk of bias tool for quality assessment, and Stata software for data analysis. Data were sourced from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database up to August 15, 2023, following PICOS principles. A total of 25 studies including 1441 participants were analyzed. Results showed that resistance exercise seems to be effective for improving positive symptoms, while Yoga was more effective for negative symptoms. Low-intensity aerobic exercise was optimal for general psychopathology, and Yoga was effective in improving the PANSS total score. The study concluded that yoga and aerobic exercise demonstrated superior performance, but the impact of exercise on patients with schizophrenia is also influenced by individual factors and intervention dosages. Therefore, a pre-assessment of patients considering factors such as interests, hobbies, and physical capabilities is crucial for selecting appropriate exercise modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlai Cui
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhitao Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Cheng Liang
- Graduate School, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Zhizhi Zhao
- Institute of Physical Education and Training, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China.
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Li W, Yue L, Xiao S. Demographic, biochemical, clinical, and cognitive symptom differences between smokers and non-smokers in Chinese older male patients with chronic schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01762-7. [PMID: 38462585 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have suggested that smoking may impair cognitive function and worsen psychiatric symptoms in people with schizophrenia, but the results have not been consistent. There have been few studies to date that have examined the effects of smoking in older men with chronic schizophrenia. METHODS The participants in our study consisted of 167 order Chinese males with chronic schizophrenia and 359 normal control subjects. We split them into smoking and non-smoking groups based on whether or not they smoked. Second, we compared their differences in terms of general demographic characteristics (such as age, education, body mass index, age of illness onset, and course of disease), disease information (such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia), lifestyle factors (such as physical exercise and lunch break), blood biochemical indicators (such as albumin, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and fasting blood glucose), and medication usage (such as clozapine, olanzapine, risperidone, and chlorpromazine). Lastly, a neuropsychological test battery was used to assess their psychiatric and cognitive symptoms, for example, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used to assess their overall cognitive functioning. Their depressive symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS). Activities of daily living (ADL) were used to assess their ability to lead a daily life, while the positive and negative syndrome scales (PANSS) were used to assess their psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Smokers who develop schizophrenia at older ages had a higher body mass index than non-smokers. We also found that plasma albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and fasting blood glucose concentrations were significantly higher in smokers. In contrast, smokers with schizophrenia also had lower PANSS total scores, negative symptom scores, and general psychopathology scores. A forward stepwise binary logistics regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between negative symptom scores and smoking status (B = 0.112, p < 0.001, OR = 1.119, 95% confidence interval: 1.059-1.181). Correlation analysis was carried out and it was found that the amount of cigarette consumption per day had a negative correlation with plasma albumin level(r = - 0.290, p = 0.004). However, no such association was found in normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Elderly Chinese men with schizophrenia have a higher percentage of smokers, and although smoking can reduce their plasma albumin levels, it does contribute to the prevention of negative symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shifu Xiao
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Guo J, Liu K, Liao Y, Qin Y, Yue W. Efficacy and feasibility of aerobic exercise interventions as an adjunctive treatment for patients with schizophrenia: a meta-Analysis. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38167923 PMCID: PMC10851701 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder primarily treated with antipsychotics, which have limited efficacy for negative symptoms. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of exercise interventions as adjuncts to pharmacotherapy through a meta-analysis, providing valuable insights for rational intervention design. Four databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials with no language restrictions published up to March 27, 2023, were included. The primary outcome indicator was the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) total score along with its three sub-scales. Secondary outcomes included the Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and Body Mass Index (BMI), which were used to assess the efficacy of aerobic exercise interventions in patients with schizophrenia. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore the impact of intervention duration and total weekly exercise time, while treatment feasibility was assessed through adherence rates. A total of 17 publications involving 973 patients with schizophrenia were deemed eligible and included in the analysis. Compared to other forms of adjunctive interventions, the network meta-analysis of 12 PANSS-based studies revealed that adjunctive aerobic exercise interventions were the most effective in reducing overall PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia, with statistically significant pooled results (MD = -4.84, 95% CI: -5.72, -3.96). Both the PANSS negative symptom subscale (MD = -2.11, 95% CI: -3.26, -0.95) and SANS (MD = -9.11, 95% CI: -11.94, -6.27) indicated that adjunctive aerobic exercise interventions effectively alleviate negative symptoms. Subgroup meta-analysis indicated that 2-3 month interventions involving 100-220 min of exercise per week were the most effective. Additionally, adherence to the adjunctive aerobic exercise regimen was found to be comparable to that of conventional treatment alone. Aerobic exercise interventions, as adjunctive therapy, are an effective measure for reducing PANSS scores in patients with schizophrenia, contributing to the alleviation of both the positive and negative symptoms, and patients demonstrated strong adherence to aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
- Department of Psychology, Medical Humanities Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Keju Liu
- Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Yundan Liao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Qin
- The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Weihua Yue
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, 100191, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, 100191, China.
- Department of Psychology, Medical Humanities Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Krysta K, Trędzbor B, Martyniak E, Cieślik A, Koźmin-Burzyńska A, Piekarska-Bugiel K, Skałacka K, Bieś R, Krzystanek M. Biopsychosocial Variables in Male Schizophrenic Patients: A Comprehensive Comparison with Healthy Controls. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1633. [PMID: 38139760 PMCID: PMC10747115 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE this study aims to comprehensively compare neuropsychological, psychopathological, anthropometric, biochemical, pharmacological, and lifestyle variables between 27 male schizophrenic patients (SZ group) and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy male controls (HC group). METHODS participants underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests including the Trail Making Test (TMT), Stroop Color-Word Interference Test, and Verbal Fluency Test. Psychopathological symptoms in the SZ group were evaluated using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Anthropometric measurements such as body weight, height, BMI, and waist circumference were taken. Biochemical markers measured included fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and fasting insulin. Lifestyle factors were assessed through a questionnaire for the study of views and eating habits of people aged 16 to 65. RESULTS the HC group outperformed the SZ group in the TMT_A test and the Stroop test, but no significant differences were observed in the TMT_B test or in phonemic fluency tests. No correlation was found between age and PANSS scores within the SZ group. Anthropometrically, the SZ group had higher body weight, waist circumference, and BMI, with no difference in height. Biochemically, the HC group had higher HDL cholesterol levels but lower insulin and insulin resistance indices. Pharmacological assessment showed a more significant impact on body weight among SZ patients taking second-generation antipsychotics. Lifestyle factors such as diet and screen time were comparable between groups, but the SZ group reported longer sleep duration and lower leisure time activity. CONCLUSIONS our study highlights distinct neuropsychological, pharmacological, anthropometric, and biochemical differences between male schizophrenic patients and healthy controls. The results underscore the complexity of schizophrenia and point toward the need for a multi-faceted approach to its management and understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Krysta
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (B.T.); (E.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Beata Trędzbor
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (B.T.); (E.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Ewa Martyniak
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (B.T.); (E.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Cieślik
- Departament of Neurological and Psychiatric Nursing, Chair of Neurology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Koźmin-Burzyńska
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.-B.); (K.P.-B.)
| | - Katarzyna Piekarska-Bugiel
- Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Leszek Giec Upper-Silesian Medical Centre, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (A.K.-B.); (K.P.-B.)
| | - Katarzyna Skałacka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Plac Staszica 1, 45-052 Opole, Poland;
| | - Rafał Bieś
- Medical Students’ Association, Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marek Krzystanek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia, Ziołowa 45/47, 40-635 Katowice, Poland; (B.T.); (E.M.); (M.K.)
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Tous-Espelosin M, Fernandez-Lasa U, Romaratezabala E. "Out-of-Hospital and with Qualified Exercise Professionals": Keys to the CORTEX-SP Physical Exercise Program According to the Experience of the Participants. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2023; 13:1728-1737. [PMID: 37754464 PMCID: PMC10529622 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe13090125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise programs are useful and necessary for the treatment of schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to assess the experiences of participants with schizophrenia in an out-of-hospital exercise program designed and supervised by qualified exercise professionals. Thirty-five individuals with schizophrenia from the intervention group of the CORTEX-SP study were interviewed. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and content analysis was performed using inductive coding. Two main categories emerged: the importance of the program being conducted out-of-hospital, and the individuals responsible for the program being qualified exercise professionals. The participants highlighted the importance of conducting the program outside the psychiatric center since it gave them greater satisfaction. They perceived greater seriousness and a greater number of resources and felt encouraged to repeat the program or prolong it. The success of the program, in addition to the space, was due to the personnel in charge of the program, i.e., the qualified exercise professionals, and the fact that the activities were designed and supervised. Participants emphasized the qualifications of the exercise professionals, key for this type of program, their social skills and the level of involvement with participants and their follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Tous-Espelosin
- GIzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society, Sports, and Physical Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (U.F.-L.); (E.R.)
- Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health Group, Bioaraba Health Research Institute, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Uxue Fernandez-Lasa
- GIzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society, Sports, and Physical Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (U.F.-L.); (E.R.)
| | - Estibaliz Romaratezabala
- GIzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society, Sports, and Physical Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (U.F.-L.); (E.R.)
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6
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Rafn BS, Andersen MF, Sørensen V, Bjerre ED, Baandrup L, Vernal DL, Mors O, Knop FK, Wolf RT, Tolver A, Firth J, Nøhr N, Skou ST, Ebdrup BH, Midtgaard J. Value of gym-based group exercise versus usual care for young adults receiving antipsychotic medication: study protocol for the multicenter randomized controlled Vega trial. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:634. [PMID: 37648977 PMCID: PMC10466717 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is recommended to protect physical health among people with severe mental illness and holds the potential to facilitate long-term recovery. An inclusive exercise community provides an opportunity for life skill training and social connectedness and may reduce the experience of loneliness and internalized stigmatization which together may improve personal recovery. Using a pragmatic randomized design, we aim to examine the effectiveness of a gym-based exercise intervention tailored to young adults in antipsychotic treatment (i.e., Vega Exercise Community) compared to usual care. It is hypothesized that the Vega Exercise Community will be superior to usual care for personal recovery at four months. METHODS The trial will be conducted at four sites in Denmark from which 400 participants, aged 18 to 35 years, who are in current treatment with antipsychotic medications for the management of schizophrenia spectrum or affective disorders, will be recruited. Participants will be randomized (2:1) to Vega Exercise Community or usual care. Vega Exercise Community includes three weekly group-based exercise sessions hosted in commercial functional training centers delivered by certified Vega instructors. After four months, participants in Vega Exercise Community will be randomized (1:1) to minimal versus extended support with regards to sustained physical activity. Data will be collected at baseline, four, six and 12 months. The primary outcome is personal recovery assessed by Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery at four months. Behavioral symptoms, health-related quality of life, metabolic health, and program costs will be evaluated to further determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Vega Exercise Community. Finally, the quality of life and physical and mental health of the participants' primary relative will be evaluated. DISCUSSION The results of this trial may have important implications for health, sustained physical activity, and recovery for individuals in treatment with antipsychotics. Given the pragmatic design, positive results may readily be implemented by mental health care professionals to promote exercise as an integrated part of treatment of severe mental illness. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov (NCT05461885, initial registration June 29th, 2022). WHO Universal Trial Number (UTN): U1111-1271-9928.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolette Skjødt Rafn
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
- Danish Cancer Society National Cancer Survivorship and Late Effects Research Center (CASTLE), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Martin Færch Andersen
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Physiotherapy, University College of Northern Denmark, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Victor Sørensen
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eik Dybboe Bjerre
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Lone Baandrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ditte Lammers Vernal
- Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital North, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Filip Krag Knop
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Trap Wolf
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Anders Tolver
- Data Science Lab, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nikolaj Nøhr
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark
- , Arca, Denmark
| | - Søren T Skou
- Research Unit for Musculoskeletal Function and Physiotherapy, Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- The Research Unit PROgrez, Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy, Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Region Zealand, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Midtgaard
- Center for Applied Research in Mental Health Care (CARMEN), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Glostrup, Denmark.
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tous-Espelosin M, Crone D, Ruiz de Azua S, Iriarte-Yoller N, Sampedro A, Maldonado-Martín S. 'It Helped Me to Disconnect My Mind from the Problems': The Subjective Experiences of People with Schizophrenia Taking Part in a Concurrent Exercise Program. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2023; 44:717-725. [PMID: 37307587 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2023.2212781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the subjective experiences of a concurrent exercise program designed to improve both physical and mental health, through participation, for people with schizophrenia. Participants diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 35, 41.6 ± 10.3 years) received an intensive concurrent exercise program for a 5-month duration, three times a week, at out-of-hospital facilities. Qualitative data was collected via individual, semi-structured interviews, organized, and analyzed with thematic analysis. The findings highlight the participants' perspective in supporting an out-of-hospital exercise program as an acceptable and beneficial adjunct to usual treatment in people with schizophrenia for holistic health improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Tous-Espelosin
- GIzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society, Sports, and Physical Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diane Crone
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sonia Ruiz de Azua
- Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Nagore Iriarte-Yoller
- Bioaraba, New Therapies in Mental Health Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain, Spain
- Osakidetza Basque Health Service. Araba Mental Health Network, Psychiatric Hospital of Alava, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Agurne Sampedro
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Maldonado-Martín
- GIzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society, Sports, and Physical Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Physical Activity, Exercise, and Health group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Sarcosine (glycine transporter inhibitor) attenuates behavioural and biochemical changes induced by ketamine, in the rat model of schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:451-467. [PMID: 36577922 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06530-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a neurological disorder that alters the behavior and affects the quality of life of a patient. It is characterized by hallucinations, disorganized behavior, cognitive dysfunction, hyperlocomotion, and loss of the reward system. Schizophrenia constitutes three symptoms' domains, viz. positive, negative and cognitive. Typical and atypical antipsychotics do not fully resolve all the symptoms' domains thus paving the way to the genesis of the glutamatergic hypothesis, i.e. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Positive modulation of NMDA receptors by enhancing co-agonist, glycine effect is proposed to produce a therapeutic effect in schizophrenia. Hence, sarcosine (N-methyl glycine), natural amino acid, and a glycine transporter inhibitor (GlyT-1) which also acts on NMDA receptors were used in the present study. The present study unravels the role of sarcosine in the attenuation of ketamine-induced three symptom domains in a rat model through modulation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammatory pathways. The animal model of schizophrenia was established by injecting ketamine intraperitoneal (ip) at a 30 mg/kg dose for 10 consecutive days, after which sarcosine (300, 600 mg/kg, ip) as a treatment was given for 7 days followed by behavioral, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological analysis. It was revealed that sarcosine reversed ketamine-induced behavioral impairments. Moreover, sarcosine ameliorated oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation and showed protective effects in histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Hence, conclusively, sarcosine was regarded to attenuate the behavioural symptoms of schizophrenia by alleviating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction established by the ketamine.
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Castro-de-Araujo LFS, Cortes F, de Siqueira Filha NT, Rodrigues EDS, Machado DB, de Araujo JAP, Lewis G, Denaxas S, Barreto ML. Patterns of multimorbidity and some psychiatric disorders: A systematic review of the literature. Front Psychol 2022; 13:940978. [PMID: 36186392 PMCID: PMC9524392 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The presence of two or more chronic diseases results in worse clinical outcomes than expected by a simple combination of diseases. This synergistic effect is expected to be higher when combined with some conditions, depending on the number and severity of diseases. Multimorbidity is a relatively new term, with the first fundamental definitions appearing in 2015. Studies usually define it as the presence of at least two chronic medical illnesses. However, little is known regarding the relationship between mental disorders and other non-psychiatric chronic diseases. This review aims at investigating the association between some mental disorders and non-psychiatric diseases, and their pattern of association. Methods We performed a systematic approach to selecting papers that studied relationships between chronic conditions that included one mental disorder from 2015 to 2021. These were processed using Covidence, including quality assessment. Results This resulted in the inclusion of 26 papers in this study. It was found that there are strong associations between depression, psychosis, and multimorbidity, but recent studies that evaluated patterns of association of diseases (usually using clustering methods) had heterogeneous results. Quality assessment of the papers generally revealed low quality among the included studies. Conclusions There is evidence of an association between depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and psychosis with multimorbidity. Studies that tried to examine the patterns of association between diseases did not find stable results. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021216101, identifier: CRD42021216101.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fernando Silva Castro-de-Araujo
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Fanny Cortes
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Noêmia Teixeira de Siqueira Filha
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elisângela da Silva Rodrigues
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
- Federal University of Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daiane Borges Machado
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Jacyra Azevedo Paiva de Araujo
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Spiros Denaxas
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mauricio L. Barreto
- Center of Data and Knowledge Integration for Health (CIDACS), Fiocruz, Bahia, Brazil
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10
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Shimada T, Ito S, Makabe A, Yamanushi A, Miyasaka S, Takenaka A, Kawano K, Kobayashi M. Aerobic exercise and cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: Findings of dose-response analysis from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:443-445. [PMID: 34301454 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Shimada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Shoko Ito
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Aya Makabe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamanushi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Sonoko Miyasaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ami Takenaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corporation Seitaikai, Mental Support Soyokaze Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Kojiro Kawano
- Department of Rehabilitation, Medical Corparation Yuaikai Tikumaso Mental Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
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11
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Salvador Robert M, Porras-Segovia A, Peñuelas-Calvo I, Baca-Garcia E. Physical comorbidity and use of healthcare services in people with schizophrenia: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053324. [PMID: 34907063 PMCID: PMC8671972 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with schizophrenia die about 15-20 years earlier than the general population. A constellation of factors contributes to this gap in life expectancy: side effects of psychotropic drugs, unhealthy lifestyles (inactivity, unhealthy diet) and inequality in the provision of healthcare services. This is a topic of main importance, which requires constant update and synthesis of the literature. The aim of this review is to explore the evidence of physical comorbidity and use of healthcare services in people with schizophrenia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We will conduct a systematic literature search in the databases PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library, Proquest Health Research Premium Collection, in order to identify studies that answer to our research question: Are patients with schizophrenia different from the non-psychiatric population in terms of physical comorbidity and use of healthcare services? Two authors will independently review the studies and extract the data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study does not include human or animal subjects. Thus, ethics considerations are not applicable. Dissemination plans include publications in peer-reviewed journals and discussion of results in psychiatric congresses. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020139972.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Enrique Baca-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de la Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Madrid Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigacion en Salud Mental), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Catolica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Department of psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes, France, Nîmes, France
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12
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Wang Q, Zhu X, Jiang X, Li M, Chang R, Chen B, Liu J. Relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:1149-1159. [PMID: 33960095 PMCID: PMC8518398 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the relationship between stressful life events, coping styles, and schizophrenia relapse. The sample for this study included 248 patients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric outpatient clinic in Hunan Province, China. Stressful life events, occurrence of schizophrenia relapse, and coping style were assessed by the Scale for the Social Readjustment Rating, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis were adopted to explore the relationships among coping styles, schizophrenia relapse, and stressful life events. Stressful life events and negative coping exhibited significant positive association with schizophrenia relapse, while positive coping exhibited a significant negative association with schizophrenia relapse. Stressful life events and positive coping exerted significant effects on schizophrenia relapse, while negative coping did not. We also found that both positive coping and negative coping have moderating effects on the relationship between stressful life events and schizophrenia relapse, but the relationship is weak. The study highlighted the importance of interventions designed to reduce stressful life events, promote positive coping, and address negative coping in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaojian Jiang
- School of Nursing, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Meizhi Li
- Department of Nursing, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ru Chang
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Bing Chen
- School of Nursing, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
| | - Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China
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13
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Midtgaard J, Schnor H, Bjerre ED, Jespersen T, Jelsøe N, Frølund N, Seier S, Rønbøg JW, Nordsborg NB, Ebdrup BH. Exercise training complementary to specialised early intervention in patients with first-episode psychosis: a feasibility randomised trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:162. [PMID: 34412705 PMCID: PMC8375206 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00900-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to examine feasibility of trial processes and group-based, structured exercise training in patients with first-episode psychosis. Methods Twenty-five patients with first-episode psychosis took part in a two-arm randomised feasibility trial. They were individually randomised (1:1) via a computer-generated randomisation sequence and allocated to either an exercise intervention group (INT) or a control group (CON). Patients allocated to INT completed a physical exercise training programme at moderate-to-vigorous intensity, 1 h three times weekly for 8 weeks. CON patients were encouraged to continue their usual level of activity and were offered the training programme after 8 weeks. Primary outcomes included screening rate, recruitment rate, retention rate, attendance and adverse events. Secondary outcomes included heart rate response during training, cardiovascular health (VO2max, resting heart rate, blood pressure), body composition (muscle mass, fat percentage), muscle strength (sit-to-stand, grip strength, jump height) and balance. Results Recruitment lasted 6 weeks and 86 out of 324 patients (27%) were screened, 71 of whom (83%) were deemed eligible. Twenty-five (35%) accepted inclusion (mean age 25.5; mean body mass index 25.1) and were subsequently randomised (INT = 13, CON = 12). Retention of patients was 76% and 52% at the 8-week and 16-week follow-up, respectively. Attendance was 43% (min. 9%, max. 96%). No significant changes were observed between groups in secondary physiological outcome measures. Conclusions Feasibility was challenged by limited recruitment and retention rates, suggesting that modifications are required if a large-scale randomised controlled trial is to be conducted. Recommendations for modifications are presented and discussed. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03409393. Retrospectively registered. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00900-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Midtgaard
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark. .,The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Department 9701, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Helle Schnor
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,University College Copenhagen, Tagensvej 86, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Eik D Bjerre
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Department 9701, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Tobias Jespersen
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nina Jelsøe
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nanna Frølund
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Søren Seier
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob W Rønbøg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nikolai B Nordsborg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 51, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Bjørn H Ebdrup
- Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Mental Health Centre Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Nordstjernevej 41, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark
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14
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Fusar‐Poli P, Correll CU, Arango C, Berk M, Patel V, Ioannidis JP. Preventive psychiatry: a blueprint for improving the mental health of young people. World Psychiatry 2021; 20:200-221. [PMID: 34002494 PMCID: PMC8129854 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Preventive approaches have latterly gained traction for improving mental health in young people. In this paper, we first appraise the conceptual foundations of preventive psychiatry, encompassing the public health, Gordon's, US Institute of Medicine, World Health Organization, and good mental health frameworks, and neurodevelopmentally-sensitive clinical staging models. We then review the evidence supporting primary prevention of psychotic, bipolar and common mental disorders and promotion of good mental health as potential transformative strategies to reduce the incidence of these disorders in young people. Within indicated approaches, the clinical high-risk for psychosis paradigm has received the most empirical validation, while clinical high-risk states for bipolar and common mental disorders are increasingly becoming a focus of attention. Selective approaches have mostly targeted familial vulnerability and non-genetic risk exposures. Selective screening and psychological/psychoeducational interventions in vulnerable subgroups may improve anxiety/depressive symptoms, but their efficacy in reducing the incidence of psychotic/bipolar/common mental disorders is unproven. Selective physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal psychological/psychoeducational interventions may improve anxiety symptoms but not prevent depressive/anxiety disorders, while universal physical exercise may reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders. Universal public health approaches targeting school climate or social determinants (demographic, economic, neighbourhood, environmental, social/cultural) of mental disorders hold the greatest potential for reducing the risk profile of the population as a whole. The approach to promotion of good mental health is currently fragmented. We leverage the knowledge gained from the review to develop a blueprint for future research and practice of preventive psychiatry in young people: integrating universal and targeted frameworks; advancing multivariable, transdiagnostic, multi-endpoint epidemiological knowledge; synergically preventing common and infrequent mental disorders; preventing physical and mental health burden together; implementing stratified/personalized prognosis; establishing evidence-based preventive interventions; developing an ethical framework, improving prevention through education/training; consolidating the cost-effectiveness of preventive psychiatry; and decreasing inequalities. These goals can only be achieved through an urgent individual, societal, and global level response, which promotes a vigorous collaboration across scientific, health care, societal and governmental sectors for implementing preventive psychiatry, as much is at stake for young people with or at risk for emerging mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Fusar‐Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical‐detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis StudiesInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK,OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK,Department of Brain and Behavioral SciencesUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Christoph U. Correll
- Department of PsychiatryZucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell HealthGlen OaksNYUSA,Department of Psychiatry and Molecular MedicineZucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/NorthwellHempsteadNYUSA,Center for Psychiatric NeuroscienceFeinstein Institute for Medical ResearchManhassetNYUSA,Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCharité Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent PsychiatryInstitute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain,Health Research Institute (IiGSM), School of MedicineUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain,Biomedical Research Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM)MadridSpain
| | - Michael Berk
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin UniversityBarwon HealthGeelongVICAustralia,Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Orygen Youth HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Vikram Patel
- Department of Global Health and Social MedicineHarvard University T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA,Department of Global Health and PopulationHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - John P.A. Ioannidis
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA,Department of Biomedical Data ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA,Department of Epidemiology and Population HealthStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
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15
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Rackova L, Mach M, Brnoliakova Z. An update in toxicology of ageing. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103611. [PMID: 33581363 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The field of ageing research has been rapidly advancing in recent decades and it had provided insight into the complexity of ageing phenomenon. However, as the organism-environment interaction appears to significantly affect the organismal pace of ageing, the systematic approach for gerontogenic risk assessment of environmental factors has yet to be established. This puts demand on development of effective biomarker of ageing, as a relevant tool to quantify effects of gerontogenic exposures, contingent on multidisciplinary research approach. Here we review the current knowledge regarding the main endogenous gerontogenic pathways involved in acceleration of ageing through environmental exposures. These include inflammatory and oxidative stress-triggered processes, dysregulation of maintenance of cellular anabolism and catabolism and loss of protein homeostasis. The most effective biomarkers showing specificity and relevancy to ageing phenotypes are summarized, as well. The crucial part of this review was dedicated to the comprehensive overview of environmental gerontogens including various types of radiation, certain types of pesticides, heavy metals, drugs and addictive substances, unhealthy dietary patterns, and sedentary life as well as psychosocial stress. The reported effects in vitro and in vivo of both recognized and potential gerontogens are described with respect to the up-to-date knowledge in geroscience. Finally, hormetic and ageing decelerating effects of environmental factors are briefly discussed, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Rackova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mojmir Mach
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Brnoliakova
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
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16
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Gao H, Luo C, Tu SJ, Lu RP, Jiang LN, Qiao HJ, Lin Q, Li NN, Chen JH. The Effect of Yijinjing on the Cognitive Function of Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:739364. [PMID: 34744830 PMCID: PMC8564041 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.739364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with chronic schizophrenia present cognitive impairment, which affects their social function and prevents them from reintegrating into society. Yijinjing is a traditional Chinese aerobic exercise that has a putative psychosomatic effect on improving cognitive function. Methods: From January to May 2021, 40 patients with chronic schizophrenia were recruited and randomly divided into a control group and a Yijinjing group. In the 12-week intervention, the patients in the control group received conventional treatment, whereas patients in the Yijinjing group performed Yijinjing exercise (40 min/session, twice a week) in addition to receiving conventional treatment. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Insight and Treatment Attitude Questionnaire (ITAQ), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES), and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to measure clinical symptoms and cognitive function at 0, 6, and 12 weeks. Results: The demographic information was not significantly different between groups. At baseline, the scores of all the scales were not statistically different between groups. After 12 weeks of intervention, compared to those at baseline, the scores of the negative scale (t = 19.00, p < 0.0001), general psychopathology scale (t = 15.98, p < 0.0001), and total score (t = 15.47, p < 0.0001) of the PANSS and SES (t = 5.378, p < 0.0001) had significantly decreased, and the scores of the ITAQ (t = 7.984, p < 0.0001) and MMSE (t = 6.750, p < 0.0001) had significantly increased in Yijinjing group; the score of the MMSE increased in the control group as well (t = 2.491, p = 0.0222). Compared to the respective scores in the control group, the negative scale score (t = 2.953, p = 0.0054) significantly decreased, and the ITAQ (t = 3.043, p = 0.0042) and MMSE (t = 2.2.68, p = 0.0291) scores significantly increased in the Yijinjing group after 12 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: These results provide a preliminary indication that Yijinjing exercise had the potential to improve cognitive function and negative symptoms in patients with chronic schizophrenia. A larger-scale study to determine the trajectory of change in the longer term should be undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai No.1 Mental Health Center of Civil Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jing Tu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,School of Public Health and Management, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Ru-Ping Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai No.1 Mental Health Center of Civil Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin-Na Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai No.1 Mental Health Center of Civil Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Qiao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai No.1 Mental Health Center of Civil Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Qu Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai No.1 Mental Health Center of Civil Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ning Li
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Hua Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Mental Health, Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Mental Health, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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