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Nikolaus S, Fazari B, Chao OY, Almeida FR, Abdel-Hafiz L, Beu M, Henke J, Antke C, Hautzel H, Mamlins E, Müller HW, Huston JP, von Gall C, Giesel FL. 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine and altanserin induce region-specific shifts in dopamine and serotonin metabolization pathways in the rat brain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 242:173823. [PMID: 39002804 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE For understanding the neurochemical mechanism of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with cognitive deficits it is of major relevance to elucidate the influence of serotonin (5-HT) agonists and antagonists on memory function as well dopamine (DA) and 5-HT release and metabolism. In the present study, we assessed the effects of the 5-HT2A receptor agonist 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) and the 5-HT2A receptor altanserin (ALT) on object and place recognition memory and cerebral neurotransmitters and metabolites in the rat. METHODS Rats underwent a 5-min exploration trial in an open field with two identical objects. After systemic injection of a single dose of either DOI (0.1 mg/kg), ALT (1 mg/kg) or the respectice vehicle (0.9 % NaCl, 50 % DMSO), rats underwent a 5-min test trial with one of the objects replaced by a novel one and the other object transferred to a novel place. Upon the assessment of object exploration and motor/exploratory behaviors, rats were sacrificed. DA, 5-HT and metabolite levels were analyzed in cingulate (CING), caudateputamen (CP), nucleus accumbens (NAC), thalamus (THAL), dorsal (dHIPP) and ventral hippocampus (vHIPP), brainstem and cerebellum with high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS DOI decreased rearing but increased head-shoulder motility relative to vehicle. Memory for object and place after both DOI and ALT was not different from vehicle. Network analyses indicated that DOI inhibited DA metabolization in CING, CP, NAC, and THAL, but facilitated it in dHIPP. Likewise, DOI inhibited 5-HT metabolization in CING, NAC, and THAL. ALT facilitated DA metabolization in the CING, NAC, dHIPP, vHIPP, and CER, but inhibited it in the THAL. Additionally, ALT facilitated 5-HT metabolization in NAC and dHIPP. CONCLUSIONS DOI and ALT differentially altered the quantitative relations between the neurotransmitter/metabolite levels in the individual brain regions, by inducing region-specific shifts in the metabolization pathways. Findings are relevant for understanding the neurochemistry underlying DAergic and/or 5-HTergic dysfunction in neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Nikolaus
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Benedetta Fazari
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Filipe Rodrigues Almeida
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laila Abdel-Hafiz
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Beu
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jan Henke
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Antke
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hubertus Hautzel
- Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, D-45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Eduards Mamlins
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Wilhelm Müller
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Frederik L Giesel
- Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Männistö PT, Keränen T, Reinikainen KJ, Hanttu A, Pollesello P. The Catechol O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor Entacapone in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Personal Reflections on a First-in-Class Drug Development Programme 40 Years On. Neurol Ther 2024; 13:1039-1054. [PMID: 38809484 PMCID: PMC11263458 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
In the 1980s, Orion Pharma, then a mid-ranking Nordic area pharmaceutical company, established a drug development programme on the inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT). This enzyme, which plays an important role in the inactivation of catecholamine neurotransmitters and drugs with a catechol structure, thus came under consideration as a target in the innovative translational and clinical programme we describe in this historical review. The starting point was the conjecture that a peripherally acting COMT inhibitor might improve entry of levodopa into the brain. This had potentially significant implications for the medical treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). The rationale was that more efficient delivery of levodopa to the brain might allow the high therapeutic doses of levodopa to be reduced and the dose interval to be extended. Elucidation of structure-activity relations paved the way for the discovery and development of entacapone, a 5-nitrocatechol that was a potent and highly specific inhibitor of COMT. Experience in phase III clinical trials established that entacapone, used as an adjunct to regular or controlled-release levodopa preparations (also including a peripherally acting dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor), increased ON-time and reduced OFF-time and improved clinical condition in patients with PD experiencing wearing-off, often with a reduced daily levodopa dose. Several of these studies also identified that entacapone improved patients' quality of life and was cost-effective. Subsequently, entacapone has been amalgamated into a triple-combination preparation (Stalevo®) with levodopa and carbidopa to create a flexible and convenient drug therapy for patients with PD who have end-of-dose motor fluctuations not stabilised on levodopa/dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor treatment. This review offers a historical perspective on a successful programme of drug development by researchers who played central roles in the progress from exploratory hypothesis to registered pharmaceutical product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pekka T Männistö
- Institute of Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Keränen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kari J Reinikainen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Hanttu
- Medical Affairs, CNS Branded Products, Orion Pharma, Espoo, Finland
| | - Piero Pollesello
- Content and Communication, Branded Products, Orion Pharma, Orionintie 1, 02101, Espoo, Finland.
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Reed MB, Handschuh PA, Schmidt C, Murgaš M, Gomola D, Milz C, Klug S, Eggerstorfer B, Aichinger L, Godbersen GM, Nics L, Traub-Weidinger T, Hacker M, Lanzenberger R, Hahn A. Validation of cardiac image-derived input functions for functional PET quantification. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:2625-2637. [PMID: 38676734 PMCID: PMC11224076 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Functional PET (fPET) is a novel technique for studying dynamic changes in brain metabolism and neurotransmitter signaling. Accurate quantification of fPET relies on measuring the arterial input function (AIF), traditionally achieved through invasive arterial blood sampling. While non-invasive image-derived input functions (IDIF) offer an alternative, they suffer from limited spatial resolution and field of view. To overcome these issues, we developed and validated a scan protocol for brain fPET utilizing cardiac IDIF, aiming to mitigate known IDIF limitations. METHODS Twenty healthy individuals underwent fPET/MR scans using [18F]FDG or 6-[18F]FDOPA, utilizing bed motion shuttling to capture cardiac IDIF and brain task-induced changes. Arterial and venous blood sampling was used to validate IDIFs. Participants performed a monetary incentive delay task. IDIFs from various blood pools and composites estimated from a linear fit over all IDIF blood pools (3VOI) and further supplemented with venous blood samples (3VOIVB) were compared to the AIF. Quantitative task-specific images from both tracers were compared to assess the performance of each input function to the gold standard. RESULTS For both radiotracer cohorts, moderate to high agreement (r: 0.60-0.89) between IDIFs and AIF for both radiotracer cohorts was observed, with further improvement (r: 0.87-0.93) for composite IDIFs (3VOI and 3VOIVB). Both methods showed equivalent quantitative values and high agreement (r: 0.975-0.998) with AIF-derived measurements. CONCLUSION Our proposed protocol enables accurate non-invasive estimation of the input function with full quantification of task-specific changes, addressing the limitations of IDIF for brain imaging by sampling larger blood pools over the thorax. These advancements increase applicability to any PET scanner and clinical research setting by reducing experimental complexity and increasing patient comfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murray Bruce Reed
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Anna Handschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Gomola
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Milz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Klug
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Eggerstorfer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Aichinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Godber Mathis Godbersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health (C3NMH), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Perron A, Mandal S, Chuba TN, Mao D, Singh VP, Noda N, Tan R, Vu HT, Abo M, Uesugi M. Small-Molecule Drug Repurposing for Counteracting Phototoxic A2E Aggregation. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:2170-2175. [PMID: 37708070 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the well-established role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the mechanism underlying phototoxicity remains unclear. Herein, we used a drug repurposing approach to isolate an FDA-approved drug that blocks the aggregation of the photoinducible major fluorophore of lipofuscin, the bis-retinoid N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (A2E). Our fluorescence-based screening combined with dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis led to the identification of entacapone as a potent inhibitor of A2E fluorescence and aggregation. The entacapone-mediated inhibition of A2E aggregation blocks its photodegradation and offers photoprotection in A2E-loaded retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells exposed to blue light. In-depth mechanistic analysis suggests that entacapone prevents the conversion of toxic aggregates by redirecting A2E into off-pathway oligomers. These findings provide evidence that aggregation contributes to the phototoxicity of A2E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Perron
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Sathi Mandal
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Thiago Negrão Chuba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-850, Japan
| | - Di Mao
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Vaibhav Pal Singh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Naotaka Noda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Russell Tan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hue Thi Vu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abo
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Qiu L, Jing Q, Li Y, Han J. RNA modification: mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:25. [PMID: 37612540 PMCID: PMC10447785 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00139-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA modifications are dynamic and reversible chemical modifications on substrate RNA that are regulated by specific modifying enzymes. They play important roles in the regulation of many biological processes in various diseases, such as the development of cancer and other diseases. With the help of advanced sequencing technologies, the role of RNA modifications has caught increasing attention in human diseases in scientific research. In this review, we briefly summarized the basic mechanisms of several common RNA modifications, including m6A, m5C, m1A, m7G, Ψ, A-to-I editing and ac4C. Importantly, we discussed their potential functions in human diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic diseases, genetic and developmental diseases, as well as immune disorders. Through the "writing-erasing-reading" mechanisms, RNA modifications regulate the stability, translation, and localization of pivotal disease-related mRNAs to manipulate disease development. Moreover, we also highlighted in this review all currently available RNA-modifier-targeting small molecular inhibitors or activators, most of which are designed against m6A-related enzymes, such as METTL3, FTO and ALKBH5. This review provides clues for potential clinical therapy as well as future study directions in the RNA modification field. More in-depth studies on RNA modifications, their roles in human diseases and further development of their inhibitors or activators are needed for a thorough understanding of epitranscriptomics as well as diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Research Laboratory of Tumor Epigenetics and Genomics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China.
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Winter M, Simon RP, Wang Y, Bretschneider T, Bauer M, Magarkar A, Reindl W, Fernández-Montalván A, Montel F, Büttner FH. Differential analyte derivatization enables unbiased MALDI-TOF-based high-throughput screening: A proof-of-concept study for the discovery of catechol-o-methyltransferase inhibitors. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2022; 27:287-297. [PMID: 35597517 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in label-free high-throughput screening via matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) offer unprecedented opportunities for the identification of novel chemical starting points in target-based drug discovery. A clear advantage of the technology is the possibility for label-free, direct quantification of analytes with high precision and robustness. Here we have expanded the range of analytes and biology that can be addressed via MALDI-TOF HTS, by developing a method based on post-reaction pyrylium-based derivatization to detect 3-methoxytyramine, the physiological enzyme product of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzyme. The introduction of pyrylium-type reagents as universal derivatization strategy under aqueous conditions for molecules containing primary amines represents a valuable addition to the toolbox of MALDI-TOF assay development. Characterization of COMT's enzymatic activity and inhibition by reference inhibitors, and comparison of the results obtained in our assay with data from previous mechanistic studies validated the performance of this new method. To address the problem of isobaric interference, a source of false results in MALDI-TOF assays measuring low molecular weight analytes, we devised a differential derivatization workflow which can potentially replace other counter- or orthogonal assays in future screening campaigns. Finally, we report on the first label-free HTS campaign for the identification of COMT inhibitors performed in miniaturized 1536-well microtiter plate format via MALDI-TOF MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Winter
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
| | - Roman P Simon
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Yuting Wang
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Margit Bauer
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | | | - Florian Montel
- Medicinal Chemistry, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Frank H Büttner
- Drug Discovery Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riß, Germany.
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Azzam SK, Alsafar H, Sajini AA. FTO m6A Demethylase in Obesity and Cancer: Implications and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073800. [PMID: 35409166 PMCID: PMC8998816 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) is the first reported RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in eukaryotic cells. m6A is considered as the most abundant mRNA internal modification, which modulates several cellular processes including alternative splicing, stability, and expression. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FTO to be associated with obesity, as well as cancer including endometrial cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, and melanoma. Since the initial classification of FTO as an m6A demethylase, various studies started to unravel a connection between FTO’s demethylase activity and the susceptibility to obesity on the molecular level. FTO was found to facilitate adipogenesis, by regulating adipogenic pathways and inducing pre-adipocyte differentiation. FTO has also been investigated in tumorigenesis, where emerging studies suggest m6A and FTO levels are dysregulated in various cancers, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), glioblastoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), breast cancer, and melanoma. Here we review the molecular bases of m6A in tumorigenesis and adipogenesis while highlighting the controversial role of FTO in obesity. We provide recent findings confirming FTO’s causative link to obesity and discuss novel approaches using RNA demethylase inhibitors as targeted oncotherapies. Our review aims to confirm m6A demethylation as a risk factor in obesity and provoke new research in FTO and human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kassem Azzam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Emirates Bio-Research Center, Ministry of Interior, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 389, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulrahim A. Sajini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.A.); (H.A.)
- Healthcare Engineering Innovation Center (HEIC), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
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8
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Min H, Wu S, Han Z, Chen Z, Sun T, Shi W, Cheng P. Fast Detection of Entacapone by a Lanthanide-Organic Framework with Rhombic Channels. Chemistry 2021; 27:17459-17464. [PMID: 34608690 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Entacapone (ENT) is a powerful catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitor that is used for the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's syndrome, but the amount used must be well controlled to avoid overtreatment and side effect. Fast and selective detection of ENT needs well-matched energy levels and well-designed sensor-ENT interaction which is highly challenging. In this work, a water stable europium-based metal-organic framework (Eu-TDA) was synthesized to detect ENT by luminescence with excellent reusability and selectivity in the presence of main coexisting and interference species of plasma with a limit of detection of 5.01 μM. The experimental results showed that the luminescence of Eu-TDA can be effectively quenched by ENT via well-designed photoinduced electron transfer mechanism and internal filtration effect mechanism in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Min
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuangyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zongsu Han
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Tiankai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (MOE), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China.,Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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Aminpour M, Delgado WEM, Wacker S, Noskov S, Houghton M, Tyrrell DLJ, Tuszynski JA. Computational determination of toxicity risks associated with a selection of approved drugs having demonstrated activity against COVID-19. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:61. [PMID: 34674775 PMCID: PMC8529228 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00519-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in thelate 2019 has caused a devastating global pandemic of the severe pneumonia-like disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although vaccines have been and are being developed, they are not accessible to everyone and not everyone can receive these vaccines. Also, it typically takes more than 10 years until a new therapeutic agent is approved for usage. Therefore, repurposing of known drugs can lend itself well as a key approach for significantly expediting the development of new therapies for COVID-19. METHODS We have incorporated machine learning-based computational tools and in silico models into the drug discovery process to predict Adsorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion, and Toxicity (ADMET) profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment identified from two independent studies mainly with the purpose of mitigating late-phase failures because of inferior pharmacokinetics and toxicity. RESULTS Here, we summarize the cardiotoxicity and general toxicity profiles of 90 potential drugs for COVID-19 treatment and outline the risks of repurposing and propose a stratification of patients accordingly. We shortlist a total of five compounds based on their non-toxic properties. CONCLUSION In summary, this manuscript aims to provide a potentially useful source of essential knowledge on toxicity assessment of 90 compounds for healthcare practitioners and researchers to find off-label alternatives for the treatment for COVID-19. The majority of the molecules discussed in this manuscript have already moved into clinical trials and thus their known pharmacological and human safety profiles are expected to facilitate a fast track preclinical and clinical assessment for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral Aminpour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2 Canada
| | - Williams Ernesto Miranda Delgado
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Soren Wacker
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Sergey Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Michael Houghton
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - D. Lorne J. Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, 6-010 Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Health Research, Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1 Canada
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2 Canada
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10
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de Beer AD, Legoabe LJ, Petzer A, Petzer JP. The inhibition of catechol O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase by tetralone and indanone derivatives substituted with the nitrocatechol moiety. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105130. [PMID: 34225162 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The enzymes, catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) are important drug targets, and inhibitors of these enzymes are established therapy for symptomatic Parkinson's disease (PD). COMT inhibitors enhance the bioavailability of levodopa to the brain, and therefore are combined with levodopa for the treatment of motor fluctuations in PD. Inhibitors of the MAO-B isoform, in turn, are used as monotherapy or in conjunction with levodopa in PD, and function by reducing the central degradation of dopamine. It has been reported that 1-tetralone and 1-indanone derivatives are potent and specific inhibitors of MAO-B, while compounds containing the nitrocatechol moiety (e.g. tolcapone and entacapone) are often potent COMT inhibitors. The present study attempted to discover compounds that exhibit dual COMT and MAO-B inhibition by synthesizing series of 1-tetralone, 1-indanone and related derivatives substituted with the nitrocatechol moiety. These compounds are structurally related to series of nitrocatechol derivatives of chalcone that have recently been investigated as potential dual COMT/MAO inhibitors. The results show that 4-chromanone derivative (7) is the most promising dual inhibitor with IC50 values of 0.57 and 7.26 μM for COMT and MAO-B, respectively, followed by 1-tetralone derivative (4d) with IC50 values of 0.42 and 7.83 μM for COMT and MAO-B, respectively. Based on their potent inhibition of COMT, it may be concluded that nitrocatechol compounds investigated in this study are appropriate for peripheral COMT inhibition, which represents an important strategy in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries D de Beer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Lesetja J Legoabe
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa; Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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11
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Luo J, Wang F, Sun F, Yue T, Zhou Q, Yang C, Rong S, Yang P, Xiong F, Yu Q, Zhang S, Wang CY, Li J. Targeted Inhibition of FTO Demethylase Protects Mice Against LPS-Induced Septic Shock by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:663295. [PMID: 34017338 PMCID: PMC8128997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.663295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis refers to the systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by infection. It is a major clinical problem and cause of death for patients in intensive care units worldwide. The Fat mass and obesity-related protein (FTO) is the primary N6-methyladenosine demethylase. However, the role of FTO in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases remains unclear. We herein show that nanoparticle-mediated Fto-siRNA delivery or FTO inhibitor entacapone administration dramatically inhibited macrophage activation, reduced the tissue damage and improved survival in a mouse model of LPS-induced endotoxic shock. Importantly, ablation of FTO could inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome through FoxO1/NF-κB signaling in macrophages. In conclusion, FTO is involved in inflammatory response of LPS-induced septic shock and inhibition of FTO is promising for the treatment of septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiantian Yue
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunliang Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanjie Rong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Yesudhas D, Srivastava A, Gromiha MM. COVID-19 outbreak: history, mechanism, transmission, structural studies and therapeutics. Infection 2021; 49:199-213. [PMID: 32886331 PMCID: PMC7472674 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-020-01516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The coronavirus outbreak emerged as a severe pandemic, claiming more than 0.8 million lives across the world and raised a major global health concern. We survey the history and mechanism of coronaviruses, and the structural characteristics of the spike protein and its key residues responsible for human transmissions. METHODS We have carried out a systematic review to summarize the origin, transmission and etiology of COVID-19. The structural analysis of the spike protein and its disordered residues explains the mechanism of the viral transmission. A meta-data analysis of the therapeutic compounds targeting the SARS-CoV-2 is also included. RESULTS Coronaviruses can cross the species barrier and infect humans with unexpected consequences for public health. The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is higher compared to that of the closely related SARS-CoV infections. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, intrinsically disordered regions are observed at the interface of the spike protein and ACE2 receptor, providing a shape complementarity to the complex. The key residues of the spike protein have stronger binding affinity with ACE2. These can be probable reasons for the higher transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2. In addition, we have also discussed the therapeutic compounds and the vaccines to target SARS-CoV-2, which can help researchers to develop effective drugs/vaccines for COVID-19. The overall history and mechanism of entry of SARS-CoV-2 along with structural study of spike-ACE2 complex provide insights to understand disease pathogenesis and development of vaccines and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanusha Yesudhas
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
| | - Ambuj Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
| | - M Michael Gromiha
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India.
- School of Computing, Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI), Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8503, Japan.
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13
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Radi A, Ragaa Abd‐Ellatief M. Molecularly Imprinted Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine Electrochemical Sensor for Entacapone. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abd‐Elgawad Radi
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Damietta University 34517 Damietta Egypt
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14
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Ondo K, Isono M, Nakano M, Hashiba S, Fukami T, Nakajima M. The N 6-methyladenosine modification posttranscriptionally regulates hepatic UGT2B7 expression. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 189:114402. [PMID: 33387482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are enzymes catalyzing the glucuronidation of various endogenous and exogenous compounds. In this study, we examined the possibility that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification affects hepatic UGT expression. Treatment of HepaRG cells with 3-deazaadenosine, an inhibitor of RNA methylation, significantly increased UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, UGT2B10, and UGT2B15 mRNA levels (1.3- to 2.6-fold). Among them, we focused on UGT2B7 because it most highly contributes to glucuronidation of clinically used drugs. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation assays revealed that UGT2B7 mRNA in HepaRG cells and human livers is subjected to m6A modification mainly at the 5' untranslated region (UTR) and secondarily at the 3'UTR. UGT2B7 mRNA and protein levels in Huh-7 cells were significantly increased by double knockdown of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and METTL14, whereas those were decreased by knockdown of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) or alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase (ALKBH5), suggesting that m6A modification downregulates UGT2B7 expression. By experiments using actinomycin D, an inhibitor of transcription, it was demonstrated that ALKBH5-mediated demethylation would attenuate UGT2B7 mRNA degradation, whereas METTL3/METTL14 or FTO-mediated m6A modification would alter the transactivity of UGT2B7. Luciferase assays revealed that the promoter region at -118 to -106 has a key role in the decrease in transactivity of UGT2B7 by FTO knockdown. We found that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) expression was significantly decreased by knockdown of FTO, indicating that this would be the underlying mechanism of the decreased transactivity of UGT2B7 by knockdown of FTO. Interestingly, treatment with entacapone, which is used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and is an inhibitor of FTO, decreased HNF4α and UGT2B7 expression. In conclusion, this study clarified that RNA methylation posttranscriptionally controls hepatic UGT2B7 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ondo
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Motoki Isono
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masataka Nakano
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shiori Hashiba
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuki Fukami
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Miki Nakajima
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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15
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Peng S, Xiao W, Ju D, Sun B, Hou N, Liu Q, Wang Y, Zhao H, Gao C, Zhang S, Cao R, Li P, Huang H, Ma Y, Wang Y, Lai W, Ma Z, Zhang W, Huang S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Zhao L, Cai T, Zhao YL, Wang F, Nie Y, Zhi G, Yang YG, Zhang EE, Huang N. Identification of entacapone as a chemical inhibitor of FTO mediating metabolic regulation through FOXO1. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/488/eaau7116. [PMID: 30996080 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established the involvement of the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) in metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which FTO regulates metabolism remains unknown. Here, we used a structure-based virtual screening of U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs to identify entacapone as a potential FTO inhibitor. Using structural and biochemical studies, we showed that entacapone directly bound to FTO and inhibited FTO activity in vitro. Furthermore, entacapone administration reduced body weight and lowered fasting blood glucose concentrations in diet-induced obese mice. We identified the transcription factor forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) mRNA as a direct substrate of FTO, and demonstrated that entacapone elicited its effects on gluconeogenesis in the liver and thermogenesis in adipose tissues in mice by acting on an FTO-FOXO1 regulatory axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiming Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Baofa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nannan Hou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qianlan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Haijiao Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chunchun Gao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Ran Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Huanwei Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongfen Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yankai Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Weiyi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhixiong Ma
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Song Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Cai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fengchao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, 127 West Changle Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Gang Zhi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yun-Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Eric Erquan Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Niu Huang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, No. 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China. .,Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102206, China
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16
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Hitge R, Smit S, Petzer A, Petzer JP. Evaluation of nitrocatechol chalcone and pyrazoline derivatives as inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase and monoamine oxidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127188. [PMID: 32299731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Literature reports that chalcones inhibit the monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes, mostly with specificity for the MAO-B isoform, while nitrocatechol compounds are established inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Based on this, nitrocatechol derivatives of chalcone have been proposed to represent dual-target-directed compounds that may inhibit both MAO-B and COMT. Both these enzymes play key roles in the metabolism of dopamine and levodopa, and inhibitors are thus relevant to the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The present study expands on the discovery of dual MAO-B/COMT inhibitors by synthesising additional nitrocatechol derivatives of chalcones which include heterocyclic derivatives, and converting them to the corresponding pyrazoline derivatives. The newly synthesised chalcone and pyrazoline compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of human MAO and rat COMT, and the inhibition potencies were expressed as IC50 values. A pyrazoline derivative, compound 8b, was the most potent COMT inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.048 μM. This is more potent than the reference COMT inhibitor, entacapone, which has an IC50 value of 0.23 μM. The results indicated that the pyrazoline derivatives (IC50 = 0.048-0.21 µM) are more potent COMT inhibitors than the chalcones (IC50 = 0.14-0.29 µM). Unfortunately, the chalcone and pyrazoline derivatives were weak MAO inhibitors with IC50 values > 41.4 µM. This study concludes that the nitrocatechol derivatives investigated here are promising COMT inhibitors, while not being suitable as MAO inhibitors. Using molecular docking, potential binding modes and interactions of selected inhibitors with COMT are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rialette Hitge
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Sharissa Smit
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jacobus P Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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17
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Gordon DE, Jang GM, Bouhaddou M, Xu J, Obernier K, O'Meara MJ, Guo JZ, Swaney DL, Tummino TA, Huettenhain R, Kaake RM, Richards AL, Tutuncuoglu B, Foussard H, Batra J, Haas K, Modak M, Kim M, Haas P, Polacco BJ, Braberg H, Fabius JM, Eckhardt M, Soucheray M, Bennett MJ, Cakir M, McGregor MJ, Li Q, Naing ZZC, Zhou Y, Peng S, Kirby IT, Melnyk JE, Chorba JS, Lou K, Dai SA, Shen W, Shi Y, Zhang Z, Barrio-Hernandez I, Memon D, Hernandez-Armenta C, Mathy CJP, Perica T, Pilla KB, Ganesan SJ, Saltzberg DJ, Ramachandran R, Liu X, Rosenthal SB, Calviello L, Venkataramanan S, Liboy-Lugo J, Lin Y, Wankowicz SA, Bohn M, Sharp PP, Trenker R, Young JM, Cavero DA, Hiatt J, Roth TL, Rathore U, Subramanian A, Noack J, Hubert M, Roesch F, Vallet T, Meyer B, White KM, Miorin L, Rosenberg OS, Verba KA, Agard D, Ott M, Emerman M, Ruggero D, García-Sastre A, Jura N, von Zastrow M, Taunton J, Ashworth A, Schwartz O, Vignuzzi M, d'Enfert C, Mukherjee S, Jacobson M, Malik HS, Fujimori DG, Ideker T, Craik CS, Floor S, Fraser JS, Gross J, Sali A, Kortemme T, Beltrao P, Shokat K, Shoichet BK, Krogan NJ. A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.03.22.002386. [PMID: 32511329 PMCID: PMC7239059 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.22.002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, has infected over 290,000 people since the end of 2019, killed over 12,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Unfortunately, the scientific community has little knowledge of the molecular details of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To illuminate this, we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 viral proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins physically associated with each using affinity-purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), which identified 332 high confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Among these, we identify 67 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 existing FDA-approved drugs, drugs in clinical trials and/or preclinical compounds, that we are currently evaluating for efficacy in live SARS-CoV-2 infection assays. The identification of host dependency factors mediating virus infection may provide key insights into effective molecular targets for developing broadly acting antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly coronavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Gordon
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M Jang
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mehdi Bouhaddou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jiewei Xu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kirsten Obernier
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Matthew J O'Meara
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jeffrey Z Guo
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Danielle L Swaney
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tia A Tummino
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ruth Huettenhain
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Robyn M Kaake
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alicia L Richards
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Beril Tutuncuoglu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Helene Foussard
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jyoti Batra
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Kelsey Haas
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Maya Modak
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Minkyu Kim
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Paige Haas
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Benjamin J Polacco
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Hannes Braberg
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jacqueline M Fabius
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Manon Eckhardt
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Margaret Soucheray
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Melanie J Bennett
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Merve Cakir
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael J McGregor
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Qiongyu Li
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Zun Zar Chi Naing
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Yuan Zhou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Shiming Peng
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Ilsa T Kirby
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - James E Melnyk
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - John S Chorba
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Kevin Lou
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Shizhong A Dai
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Wenqi Shen
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ying Shi
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danish Memon
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Hernandez-Armenta
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J P Mathy
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Tina Perica
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kala B Pilla
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sai J Ganesan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Daniel J Saltzberg
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Rakesh Ramachandran
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Xi Liu
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Sara B Rosenthal
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Lorenzo Calviello
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco
| | | | - Jose Liboy-Lugo
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Yizhu Lin
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Stephanie A Wankowicz
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Markus Bohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Phillip P Sharp
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Raphael Trenker
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Janet M Young
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Devin A Cavero
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joseph Hiatt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Theodore L Roth
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ujjwal Rathore
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Advait Subramanian
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco
| | - Julia Noack
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco
| | - Mathieu Hubert
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Ferdinand Roesch
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Thomas Vallet
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Björn Meyer
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Kris M White
- Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Lisa Miorin
- Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Oren S Rosenberg
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub
| | - Kliment A Verba
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - David Agard
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Biochemistry & Biophysics and Quantitative Biosciences Institute UCSF 600 16th St San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Melanie Ott
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98103
| | - Davide Ruggero
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department for Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Natalia Jura
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Mark von Zastrow
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jack Taunton
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Alan Ashworth
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Olivier Schwartz
- Virus and Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Marco Vignuzzi
- Viral Populations and Pathogenesis Unit, CNRS UMR 3569, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- Direction Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris cedex 15, France
| | - Shaeri Mukherjee
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- George William Hooper Foundation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UC San Francisco
| | - Matt Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Harmit S Malik
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center
| | - Danica G Fujimori
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Trey Ideker
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Stephen Floor
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - James S Fraser
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - John Gross
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Andrej Sali
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Tanja Kortemme
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
- The UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevan Shokat
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- QBI COVID-19 Research Group (QCRG), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
- J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- University of California San Francisco, Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
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Zhang YL, Deng CX, Zhou WF, Zhou LY, Cao QQ, Shen WY, Liang H, Chen ZF. Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity evaluation of copper(II) complexes with 5-pyridin-2-yl-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]isoquinoline derivatives. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110820. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Engelbrecht I, Petzer JP, Petzer A. Evaluation of Selected Natural Compounds as Dual Inhibitors of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and Monoamine Oxidase. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:133-145. [PMID: 31258092 DOI: 10.2174/1871524919666190619090852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The most effective symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease remains
the metabolic precursor of dopamine, L-dopa. To enhance the efficacy of L-dopa, it is often combined
with inhibitors of the enzymes, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase
(MAO) B, key metabolic enzymes of L-dopa and dopamine.
Objective:
This study attempted to discover compounds that exhibit dual inhibition of COMT and
MAO-B among a library of 40 structurally diverse natural compounds. Such dual acting inhibitors
may be effective as adjuncts to L-dopa and offer enhanced value in the management of Parkinson’s
disease.
Methods:
Selected natural compounds were evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of rat liver COMT and
recombinant human MAO. Reversibility of MAO inhibition was investigated by dialysis.
Results:
Among the natural compounds morin (IC50 = 1.32 µM), chlorogenic acid (IC50 = 6.17 µM),
(+)-catechin (IC50 = 0.86 µM), alizarin (IC50 = 0.88 µM), fisetin (IC50 = 5.78 µM) and rutin (IC50 =
25.3 µM) exhibited COMT inhibition. Among these active COMT inhibitors only morin (IC50 = 16.2
µM), alizarin (IC50 = 8.16 µM) and fisetin (IC50 = 7.33 µM) were noteworthy MAO inhibitors, with
specificity for MAO-A.
Conclusion:
None of the natural products investigated here are dual COMT/MAO-B inhibitors.
However, good potency COMT inhibitors have been identified, which may serve as leads for future
development of COMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idalet Engelbrecht
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jacobus P. Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Anél Petzer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Aftab S, Ozcelikay G, Kurbanoglu S, Shah A, Iftikhar FJ, Ozkan SA. A novel electrochemical nanosensor based on NH 2-functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes for the determination of catechol-orto-methyltransferase inhibitor entacapone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 165:73-81. [PMID: 30503895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an antiparkinson drug Entacapone (ENP) is electrochemically investigated under optimized conditions using NH2 functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (NH2fMWCNT) decorated over glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The surface morphology of the NH2fMWCNT/GCE was probed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) armed with EDX analysis. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was employed to investigate the electron transfer capability of modified and bare electrodes. Cyclic voltammetry was used to compare the redox response of ENP on the surface of modified and unmodified electrodes. The influence of interfering agents was also studied to examine the selectivity of the designed sensor. For the purpose of practical applicability of the proposed method, differential pulse voltammetric method was applied for the investigation of ENP in real samples i.e., tablet, human serum and urine. Almost 100% recovery percentages were obtained from tablet, serum and urine samples with RSD% values of less than 2% for all the samples, thus, suggesting promising applicability of the designed electrochemical sensing platform (NH2fMWCNT/GCE) for determination of ENP in pharmaceutical dosage and real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Aftab
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Goksu Ozcelikay
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sevinc Kurbanoglu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Afzal Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; University of Bahrain, College of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain
| | - Faiza Jan Iftikhar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sibel A Ozkan
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey.
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The Design and Evaluation of an l-Dopa-Lazabemide Prodrug for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22122076. [PMID: 29186917 PMCID: PMC6150007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Dopa, the metabolic precursor of dopamine, is the treatment of choice for the symptomatic relief of the advanced stages of Parkinson’s disease. The oral bioavailability of l-dopa, however, is only about 10% to 30%, and less than 1% of the oral dose is estimated to reach the brain unchanged. l-Dopa’s physicochemical properties are responsible for its poor bioavailability, short half-life and the wide range of inter- and intrapatient variations of plasma levels. An l-dopa–lazabemide prodrug is proposed to overcome the problems associated with l-dopa absorption. Lazabemide is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-B inhibitor, a class of compounds that slows the depletion of dopamine stores in Parkinson’s disease and elevates dopamine levels produced by exogenously administered l-dopa. l-Dopa was linked at the carboxylate with the primary aminyl functional group of lazabemide via an amide, a strategy which is anticipated to protect l-dopa against peripheral decarboxylation and possibly also enhance the membrane permeability of the prodrug. Selected physicochemical and biochemical properties of the prodrug were determined and included lipophilicity (logD), solubility, passive diffusion permeability, pKa, chemical and metabolic stability as well as cytotoxicity. Although oral and i.p. treatment of mice with the prodrug did not result in enhanced striatal dopamine levels, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels were significantly depressed compared to saline, l-dopa and carbidopa/l-dopa treatment. Based on the results, further preclinical evaluation of the l-dopa–lazabemide prodrug should be undertaken with the aim of discovering prodrugs that may be advanced to the clinical stages of development.
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Kiss LE, Soares-da-Silva P. Medicinal chemistry of catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors and their therapeutic utility. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8692-717. [PMID: 25080080 DOI: 10.1021/jm500572b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) is the enzyme responsible for the O-methylation of endogenous neurotransmitters and of xenobiotic substances and hormones incorporating catecholic structures. COMT is a druggable biological target for the treatment of various central and peripheral nervous system disorders, including Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, and other dopamine deficiency-related diseases. The purpose of this perspective is fourfold: (i) to summarize the physiological role of COMT inhibitors in central and peripheral nervous system disorders; (ii) to provide the history and perspective of the medicinal chemistry behind the discovery and development of COMT inhibitors; (iii) to discuss how the physicochemical properties of recognized COMT inhibitors are understood to exert influence over their pharmacological properties; and (iv) to evaluate the clinical benefits of the most relevant COMT inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- László E Kiss
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL - Portela & Ca, S.A. , À Avenida da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
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23
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Seeberger LC, Hauser RA. Levodopa/carbidopa/entacapone in Parkinson’s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2014; 9:929-40. [DOI: 10.1586/ern.09.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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24
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Nuno Palma P, Kiss LE, Soares‐da‐Silva P. Catechol‐O‐Methyl‐Transferase Inhibitors: Present Problems and Relevance of the New Ones. EMERGING DRUGS AND TARGETS FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737357-00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Levodopa, in association with a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor (e.g., carbidopa or benserazide) has for many years been the undisputed gold standard drug for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, given its rapid disposition and elimination in the periphery, it was hypothesized that significant enhancements in levodopa bioavailability and clinical efficacy could be achieved through co‐adjuvant therapy with a catechol‐O‐methyl‐transferase (COMT) inhibitor. Early attempts, dating back to the late 1950s, to discover COMT inhibitors were generally hampered by their lack of in vivo efficacy, target selectivity or by considerable toxicity. It was not until the late 1990s that entacapone and tolcapone, representatives of a new class of potent COMT inhibitors (nitrocatechol derivatives), made their way to clinical practice for the treatment of PD. Even though these drugs have since contributed to an increase in the usefulness of levodopa therapy, each of them presents known limitations, namely concerning their clinical efficacy and safety. The unmet medical need for more efficacious and safer COMT inhibitors has motivated intense research in this field over the last decade. Opicapone is the first, third‐generation COMT inhibitor among the nitrocatechol derivatives under clinical development, and demonstrates superior pharmacodynamic and safety profiles in humans, over previous drugs. In this chapter, we review the major advances in this field, summarize the relevant non‐clinical and clinical human pharmacology and discuss new insights into the mechanism of action of opicapone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Nuno Palma
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL – Portela & Ca, S.A. À Avenida da Siderurgia Nacional, Mamede do Coronado Portugal
| | - László E. Kiss
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL – Portela & Ca, S.A. À Avenida da Siderurgia Nacional, Mamede do Coronado Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares‐da‐Silva
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL – Portela & Ca, S.A. À Avenida da Siderurgia Nacional, Mamede do Coronado Portugal
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine University Porto Porto, Portugal
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Jatana N, Sharma A, Latha N. Pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening studies to design potential COMT inhibitors as new leads. J Mol Graph Model 2012; 39:145-64. [PMID: 23280413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the methylation of catecholamines, including neurotransmitters like dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine, leading to their degradation. COMT has been a subject of study for its implications in numerous neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and depression. The COMT gene is associated with many allelic variants, the Val108Met polymorphism being the most clinically significant. Availability of crystal structure of both 108V and 108M forms of human soluble-COMT (S-COMT) facilitated us to use structure-based virtual screening approach to obtain new hits by screening a library of CNS permeable compounds from ZINC database. In this study, E-pharmacophore was also used to generate pharmacophore models based on a series of known COMT inhibitors. A five-point pharmacophore model consisting of one hydrogen-bond acceptor (A), two hydrogen bond donors (D), and two aromatic rings (R) was generated for both the polymorphic forms of COMT. These models were then used for filtering ZINC-CNS permeable library to obtain new hits. Physicochemical properties were also calculated for all the hits obtained from both the approaches for favorable ADME properties. These identified hits maybe of interest for further structural optimization and biological evaluation assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Jatana
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Sri Venkateswara College (University of Delhi), Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
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Kaakkola S, Teräväinen H, Ahtila S, Karlsson M, Naukkarinen T, Rita H, Gordin A. Entacapone in combination with standard or controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa: a clinical and pharmacokinetic study in patients with Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2011; 2:341-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.1995.tb00137.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kang KS, Wen Y, Yamabe N, Fukui M, Bishop SC, Zhu BT. Dual beneficial effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate on levodopa methylation and hippocampal neurodegeneration: in vitro and in vivo studies. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11951. [PMID: 20700524 PMCID: PMC2916818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A combination of levodopa (L-DOPA) and carbidopa is the most commonly-used treatment for symptom management in Parkinson's disease. Studies have shown that concomitant use of a COMT inhibitor is highly beneficial in controlling the wearing-off phenomenon by improving L-DOPA bioavailability as well as brain entry. The present study sought to determine whether (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a common tea polyphenol, can serve as a naturally-occurring COMT inhibitor that also possesses neuroprotective actions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using both in vitro and in vivo models, we investigated the modulating effects of EGCG on L-DOPA methylation as well as on chemically induced oxidative neuronal damage and degeneration. EGCG strongly inhibited human liver COMT-mediated O-methylation of L-DOPA in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with an average IC50 of 0.36 microM. Oral administration of EGCG moderately lowered the accumulation of 3-O-methyldopa in the plasma and striatum of rats treated with L-DOPA+carbidopa. In addition, EGCG also reduced glutamate-induced oxidative cytotoxicity in cultured HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells through inactivation of the nuclear factor kappaB-signaling pathway. Under in vivo conditions, administration of EGCG exerted a strong protective effect against kainic acid-induced oxidative neuronal death in the hippocampus of rats. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These observations suggest that oral administration of EGCG may have significant beneficial effects in Parkinson's patients treated with L-DOPA and carbidopa by exerting a modest inhibition of L-DOPA methylation plus a strong neuroprotection against oxidative damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Sung Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Yujing Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Noriko Yamabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Masayuki Fukui
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Stephanie C. Bishop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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Kiss LE, Ferreira HS, Torrão L, Bonifácio MJ, Palma PN, Soares-da-Silva P, Learmonth DA. Discovery of a long-acting, peripherally selective inhibitor of catechol-O-methyltransferase. J Med Chem 2010; 53:3396-411. [PMID: 20334432 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel nitrocatechol-substituted heterocycles were designed and evaluated for their ability to inhibit catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Replacement of the pyrazole core of the initial hit 4 with a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring resulted in a series of compounds endowed with longer duration of COMT inhibition. Incorporation of a pyridine N-oxide residue at position 3 of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring led to analogue 37f, which was found to possess activity comparable to entacapone and lower toxicity in comparison to tolcapone. Lead structure 37f was systematically modified in order to improve selectivity and duration of COMT inhibition as well as to minimize toxicity. Oxadiazole 37d (2,5-dichloro-3-(5-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-4,6-dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (BIA 9-1067)) was identified as a long-acting, purely peripheral inhibitor, which is currently under clinical evaluation as an adjunct to L-Dopa therapy of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- László E Kiss
- Laboratory of Chemistry, BIAL, A Avenida da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
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Di Giovanni S, Eleuteri S, Paleologou KE, Yin G, Zweckstetter M, Carrupt PA, Lashuel HA. Entacapone and tolcapone, two catechol O-methyltransferase inhibitors, block fibril formation of alpha-synuclein and beta-amyloid and protect against amyloid-induced toxicity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14941-14954. [PMID: 20150427 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.080390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease (AD). There is considerable consensus that the increased production and/or aggregation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PD and related synucleinopathies. Current therapeutic strategies for treating PD offer mainly transient symptomatic relief and aim at the restitution of dopamine levels to counterbalance the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, the identification and development of drug-like molecules that block alpha-synuclein aggregation and prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons are desperately needed to treat or slow the progression of PD. Here, we show that entacapone and tolcapone are potent inhibitors of alpha-syn and beta-amyloid (Abeta) oligomerization and fibrillogenesis, and they also protect against extracellular toxicity induced by the aggregation of both proteins. Comparison of the anti-aggregation properties of entacapone and tolcapone with the effect of five other catechol-containing compounds, dopamine, pyrogallol, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin on the oligomerization and fibrillization of alpha-syn and Abeta, demonstrate that the catechol moiety is essential for the anti-amyloidogenic activity. Our findings present the first characterization of the anti-amyloidogenic properties of tolcapone and entacapone against both alpha-synuclein and Abeta42 and highlight the potential of this class of nitro-catechol compounds as anti-amyloidogenic agents. Their inhibitory properties, mode of action, and structural properties suggest that they constitute promising lead compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saviana Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, SV-BMI-LMNN-AI2351, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simona Eleuteri
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, SV-BMI-LMNN-AI2351, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica Sperimentale, Università di Bologna Via Selmi, 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katerina E Paleologou
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, SV-BMI-LMNN-AI2351, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Guowei Yin
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, NMR-based Structural Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Markus Zweckstetter
- Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, NMR-based Structural Biology, Am Fassberg 11, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Research Center for the Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Pierre-Alain Carrupt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva and University of Lausanne, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Neuroproteomics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, SV-BMI-LMNN-AI2351, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The development of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors for the adjunct treatment to levodopa and aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) inhibitors in Parkinson's disease started in the late 1950s. The first-generation inhibitors were associated with toxic properties: they induced convulsions, or they were toxic to the liver. None of them was taken into clinical use. The second-generation inhibitors entacapone and tolcapone have now been in clinical use for over a decade, and some new inhibitors are under development. The main adverse events in the use of entacapone and tolcapone are dopaminergic and dependent of the concomitant use of levodopa, but the symptoms are generally moderate or mild. Among the non-dopaminergic adverse events, diarrhea is the most prominent one induced by both entacapone and tolcapone. In clinical use, entacapone has been safe, but tolcapone is under strict regulations on liver enzyme monitoring, since in the early years, a few hepatotoxicity cases appeared, three of them with fatal outcome. The mechanism behind tolcapone-induced liver toxicity has been evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, but no clear answer exists at the moment. In the regulatory animal studies, both inhibitors have been safe with no reported toxicity. Also nebicapone, the latest of the second-generation inhibitors in clinical trials has shown some liver enzyme elevations in human subjects. New inhibitors with a structure differing from nitrocatechols are under development. No safety concerns have been reported connected to COMT inhibiton as such. COMT knockout mice are fertile without any pathologies due to the total COMT inhibition.
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Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors in Preclinical Models as Adjuncts of l-Dopa Treatment. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2010; 95:191-205. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381326-8.00008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Nissinen E, Männistö PT. Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2010; 95:73-118. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381326-8.00005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Learmonth DA, Kiss LE, Soares-da-Silva P. The Chemistry of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2010; 95:119-62. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381326-8.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Gordin A, Brooks DJ. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use of COMT inhibition in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-007-4007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Grandas F, Hernández B. Long-term effectiveness and quality of life improvement in entacapone-treated Parkinson's disease patients: the effects of an early therapeutic intervention. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:282-9. [PMID: 17355548 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01635.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the long-term effects of entacapone on both mean daily 'on' time and health-related quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experiencing 'end-of-dose' motor fluctuations and the benefits of an early therapeutic intervention. A prospective, multicenter, observational, 12-month study was performed with an initial 3-month intervention phase, consisting of a phone call to half of the patients from randomly selected investigators to assess if dose adjustment was necessary. Effectiveness was determined by home diaries ('on' time), subscales II and III of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8). After 3 months of treatment, 4.0% of the intervention group patients discontinued the study, versus 18.4% in the control group (P < 0.01). The improvement in 'on' time was significantly increased since the 3-month visit (21%, P < 0.0001) until the end of the study (23% at 12 months, P < 0.0001). Entacapone also induced significant reductions in the UPDRS scores for subscales II and III and in the PDQ-8 score. 11.2% of patients experienced at least one adverse reaction. This study confirms the effectiveness of entacapone in reducing motor fluctuations by increasing 'on' time, and in improving QoL of PD patients. An early adjustment of entacapone and levodopa doses reduces the number of treatment discontinuations during the first months of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Grandas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.
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Bonifácio MJ, Palma PN, Almeida L, Soares‐da‐Silva P. Catechol-O-methyltransferase and its inhibitors in Parkinson's disease. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2007; 13:352-79. [PMID: 17894650 PMCID: PMC6494163 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2007.00020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurological disorder characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, with consequent reduction in striatal dopamine levels leading to characteristic motor symptoms. The most effective treatment for this disease continues to be the dopamine replacement therapy with levodopa together with an inhibitor of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). The efficacy of this therapy, however, decreases with time and most patients develop fluctuating responses and dyskinesias. The last decade showed that the use of catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors as adjuvants to the levodopa/AADC inhibitor therapy, significantly improves the clinical benefits of this therapy. The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge on the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and the role of COMT inhibitors in PD as a new therapeutic approach to PD involving conversion of levodopa to dopamine at the target region in the brain and facilitation of the continuous action of this amine at the receptor sites. A historical overview of the discovery and development of COMT inhibitors is presented with a special emphasis on nebicapone, presently under clinical development, as well as entacapone and tolcapone, which are already approved as adjuncts in the therapy of PD. This article reviews human pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of these drugs as well as their clinical efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bonifácio
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL (Portela & Co S.A.), S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - P. Nuno Palma
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL (Portela & Co S.A.), S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
| | - Luís Almeida
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL (Portela & Co S.A.), S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrício Soares‐da‐Silva
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL (Portela & Co S.A.), S Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal
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Paulini R, Lerner C, Diederich F, Jakob-Roetne R, Zürcher G, Borroni E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Potent Bisubstrate Inhibitors of the Enzyme CatecholO-Methyltransferase (COMT) Lacking a Nitro Group. Helv Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.200690179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Paija O, Laine K, Kultalahti ER, Leinonen M, Huupponen R, Gordin A, Reinikainen K. Entacapone increases levodopa exposure and reduces plasma levodopa variability when used with Sinemet CR. Clin Neuropharmacol 2005; 28:115-9. [PMID: 15965309 DOI: 10.1097/01.wnf.0000166393.33781.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Entacapone is a catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor used as an adjunct to levodopa/dopa decarboxylase inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Entacapone increases the bioavailability and reduces the daily variation of plasma levodopa when administered with standard levodopa preparations. These parameters were studied when entacapone was administered with a controlled-release levodopa preparation after repeated administrations throughout the day in 16 healthy male volunteers. On 2 test days, 200 mg entacapone or placebo was administered 4 times during the day at 4-hour intervals concomitantly with a single dose of controlled-release levodopa/carbidopa 100 mg/25 mg (Sinemet CR). Plasma levodopa, 3-O-methyldopa (3-OMD), and carbidopa concentrations were measured before intake of the medication and then every 30 minutes for 16 hours (until midnight), and less frequently up to 24 hours after the first levodopa dose. The minimum, maximum, and average concentration of levodopa; the daily variation of levodopa concentration; and the area under the time concentration curve (AUC) were calculated. The mean (+/-SD) plasma levodopa AUC was 39% (P = 0.0001) higher with entacapone (11,802 +/- 1454 ng/hour/mL) compared with placebo (8465 +/- 927 ng/hour/mL). The daily variation of plasma levodopa was reduced by about 25% with entacapone (P < 0.01). Entacapone significantly reduced plasma 3-OMD concentration by about 50% (P = 0.0001), indicating marked COMT inhibiting activity. There were no differences in plasma carbidopa concentrations. Entacapone significantly increased the bioavailability of levodopa and reduced its daily variation when administered concomitantly with a controlled-release levodopa preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Paija
- Clinical Research Services Turku, Finland
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Forsberg MM, Huotari M, Savolainen J, Männistö PT. The role of physicochemical properties of entacapone and tolcapone on their efficacy during local intrastriatal administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2005; 24:503-11. [PMID: 15784340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2005.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2004] [Revised: 11/16/2004] [Accepted: 01/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous solubility, apparent partition coefficient (logPapp) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.6) inhibiting potency of entacapone and tolcapone were compared in vitro. Both drugs (at 10 and 100 microM) were also delivered directly into rat striatum via a microdialysis probe. Extracellular 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) concentrations were measured to evaluate the inhibition of striatal COMT in vivo. Although entacapone had 15-fold better aqueous solubility than tolcapone at pH 7.4, also tolcapone had sufficient aqueous solubility to remain in solution at 100 microM. The logPapp of tolcapone was higher than that reported for entacapone in the pH range from 5.0 to 7.4. Entacapone and tolcapone inhibited equally rat striatal COMT in vitro with Ki values of 1.86 and 2.50 nM, respectively. Both drugs had similar outflow from the microdialysis probe in vitro. Perfusion of 100 microM entacapone increased significantly extracellular DOPAC levels compared to the control group. Both entacapone and tolcapone (at 10 and 100 microM) decreased significantly HVA levels, but entacapone was significantly more effective than tolcapone at 100 microM. In conclusion, entacapone and tolcapone are equally potent COMT inhibitors against rat striatal COMT in vitro. After local intrastriatal administration, entacapone appeared to inhibit COMT faster and more effectively than the more lipophilic tolcapone. Thus, intrastriatal administration led to opposite results compared to those reported in the brain after systemic administration. The present results also suggest that the local distribution of entacapone and tolcapone differ when the drugs are delivered directly into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus M Forsberg
- University of Kuopio, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Paulini R, Lerner C, Jakob-Roetne R, Zürcher G, Borroni E, Diederich F. Bisubstrate inhibitors of the enzyme catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT): efficient inhibition despite the lack of a nitro group. Chembiochem 2005; 5:1270-4. [PMID: 15368579 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Paulini
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH-Hönggerberg, HCI, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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42
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Nissinen E, Nissinen H, Larjonmaa H, Väänänen A, Helkamaa T, Reenilä I, Rauhala P. The COMT inhibitor, entacapone, reduces levodopa-induced elevations in plasma homocysteine in healthy adult rats. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2004; 112:1213-21. [PMID: 15614425 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-004-0262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/13/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa treatment has been shown to increase plasma homocysteine levels in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and this may lead to an increased risk for coronary arterial diseases. Levodopa is metabolised via O-methylation by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) using S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor, this leading to the subsequent formation of homocysteine. In this study, the effects of the COMT inhibitor, entacapone, on levodopa-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia were studied in rats. Using a single dose acute treatment paradigm, entacapone (10 or 30 mg/kg) prevented the levodopa (30 or 100 mg/kg) induced rise in plasma homocysteine levels in a dose-dependent manner. Five-day sub-chronic treatment with levodopa (3 x 100 mg/kg per day) resulted in a marked rise in plasma homocysteine levels when measured 2 hours post-treatment on Day 5. These levels fell but remained greater than baseline at 8 hours post-treatment on Day 5. Consistent with findings in the acute treatment test paradigm, the co-administration of entacapone (30 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced levodopa-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia for up to 2 hours post-treatment on Day 5 of the sub-chronic study. These results suggest that entacapone may reduce levodopa-induced hyperhomocysteinaemia in PD patients.
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Gerlach M, van den Buuse M, Blaha C, Bremen D, Riederer P. Entacapone increases and prolongs the central effects of l-DOPA in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rat. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2004; 370:388-94. [PMID: 15502970 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-004-0984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2004] [Accepted: 09/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Long-term palliative treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) with the dopamine precursor l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ( l-DOPA, levodopa) is compromised by the occurrence of motor complications, most notably motor fluctuations and involuntary movements, l-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of adding the catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor entacapone to chronic treatment with l-DOPA/benserazide. It was hoped that the administration of entacapone would prolong and smooth the central effect of l-DOPA exposure and that this would result in a reduced risk of l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia induction by lowering the l-DOPA dose. The rotational response and striatal extracellular dopamine release were assessed in rats that had undergone a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesion of the nigro-striatal system. Previous studies have shown that repeated treatment with l-DOPA is accompanied by a marked enhancement in behavioural responses and has pharmacological characteristics similar to l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. In the present study, we demonstrated that rats receiving entacapone in addition to 6.50 mg/kg of l-DOPA displayed significant enhancement of the developing contralateral turning response compared with rats treated with the same dose of l-DOPA only. However, when reducing the l-DOPA dose to 4.25 mg/kg the behavioural response was comparable to that seen in rats treated with the higher dose of l-DOPA only. Voltammetry analysis suggests that the increased behavioural response in entacapone-treated rats is the result of a much larger dopamine release. In addition, we found that entacapone treatment prolonged and smoothed the striatal dopamine levels following chronic l-DOPA/benserazide treatment. From a clinical point of view, this finding suggests that administration of a COMT inhibitor should allow the frequency of l-DOPA administration to decrease and to smooth the brain delivery of the l-DOPA, which in the end should facilitate a reduction in the risk of dyskinesia induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Gerlach
- Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Füchsleinstrasse 15, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of BIA 3-202, a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, during multiple-dose administration to healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 43:1350-60. [PMID: 14615471 DOI: 10.1177/0091270003258666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of BIA 3-202 (50 mg, 100 mg, and 200 mg twice daily and 200 mg thrice daily), a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, were investigated in healthy volunteers. BIA 3-202 was administered to four sequential groups of 8 healthy male subjects under a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Within each group, 2 subjects were randomized to treatment with placebo. Treatment duration was 9 days: single dose on the first and last days and twice or thrice daily on days 3 to 8. BIA 3-202 was well tolerated at all dose regimens tested. Median maximum plasma BIA 3-202 concentrations were attained at 0.5 to 2.5 hours postdose. Thereafter, concentrations declined with a t1/2 of approximately 2 to 4 hours. The increase in the extent of systemic exposure, as measured by AUC0-tau, was approximately proportional to the administered dose. Steady state of plasma BIA 3-202 concentrations occurred by day 4 in all dose groups. Less than 1% of the total dose administered was excreted in urine up to 48 hours postdose. BIA 3-202 markedly reduced soluble COMT (S-COMT) activity in erythrocytes, with maximum inhibition occurring at 1 to 2 hours postdose; enzyme activity returned to baseline levels by approximately 8 hours. Inhibition of S-COMT activity appeared to increase with increasing doses of BIA 3-202 on both day 1 and day 9. In conclusion, BIA 3-202 was well tolerated in all the oral multiple-dose regimens tested. BIA 3-202 was shown to inhibit S-COMT activity in erythrocytes, and its pharmacokinetics appeared to be linear (i.e., dose independent and time invariant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Almeida
- Department of Research & Development, BIAL, A Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
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Almeida L, Soares-da-Silva P. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BIA 3-202, a novel COMT inhibitor, during first administration to humans. Drugs R D 2004; 4:207-17. [PMID: 12848585 DOI: 10.2165/00126839-200304040-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of BIA 3-202, a novel catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, in healthy male volunteers. METHODS Single increasing oral doses of BIA 3-202 (10, 30, 50, 100, 200, 400 and 800mg) were administered under fasting conditions to seven sequential groups of nine subjects, under a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design. In an additional group of eight subjects (group 8), a single dose of BIA 3-202 400mg was administered on two occasions, once under fasting conditions and once with a high-fat meal, under an open-label, two-way crossover design. RESULTS BIA 3-202 was well tolerated at all doses tested. Most adverse events were mild in severity and their incidence was similar between BIA 3-202 and placebo. Maximum plasma concentrations (C(max)) of BIA 3-202 were attained at 0.5-2.5h (t(max)) and thereafter declined with an apparent terminal half-life (t(1/2)) of 1.5-5h. Over the dose range of 10-800mg, there was an approximately dose-proportional increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) values of BIA 3-202: for a dose level increase in the ratio 3.0:1.7:2.0:2.0:2.0:2.0, AUC increased in the ratio 3.1:1.7:1.9:2.2:2.1:1.7. Plasma concentrations of the O-methylated derivative, BIA 3-270, increased markedly less than predicted from a proportional relationship: for a dose level increase in the ratio 1:80, AUC(0-t )increased in the ratio 1:5. In most subjects, the t(max) of BIA 3-270 was attained at the last sampling time and, therefore, t(1/2 )could not be estimated. Urine assays showed that less than 1% of the total dose administered was excreted in urine as BIA 3-202. Urine concentrations of BIA 3-270 were below the limit of quantification. In group 8, the rate and extent of systemic availability (t(max), AUC and C(max)) of BIA 3-202 and BIA 3-270 after a high-fat meal were similar to those under fasting conditions. Inhibition of COMT activity in erythrocytes reached maximum levels at 2-2.5h post dose, with sustained inhibition up to approximately 4-6 hours, returning to baseline by about 16 hours. CONCLUSION BIA 3-202 was well tolerated at single 10-800mg oral doses and presented dose-proportional kinetics. It effectively inhibited COMT activity and the presence of food did not affect its pharmacokinetics or COMT inhibitory activity. The results provide a basis for further clinical studies with BIA 3-202.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Almeida
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL, S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
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Hof F, Diederich F. Medicinal chemistry in academia: molecular recognition with biological receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2004:477-80. [PMID: 14973570 DOI: 10.1039/b314081b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Why carry out medicinal chemistry at a university, when it means competing with the billion-dollar research efforts of the pharmaceutical industry? In academic research, the race to get a drug to market is not the prime motivation. Instead, university-based medicinal chemistry is driven by the search for new knowledge and the opportunity to educate a new generation of chemists. Furthermore, academia can complement commercial efforts by addressing diseases neglected by private industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Hof
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Hönggerberg, HCI, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Brooks DJ, Sagar H. Entacapone is beneficial in both fluctuating and non-fluctuating patients with Parkinson's disease: a randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, six month study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74:1071-9. [PMID: 12876237 PMCID: PMC1738605 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.74.8.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of entacapone, a specific peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor used in combination with levodopa treatment, in cases of Parkinson's disease with both fluctuating and non-fluctuating response to treatment. METHODS A randomised, placebo controlled, double blind, six month study was undertaken in 172 fluctuating and 128 non-fluctuating patients. The clinical efficacy and safety of 200 mg entacapone given with each daily levodopa dose was studied. Efficacy was examined using home diaries, the unified Parkinson disease rating scale (UPDRS), and recording of daily levodopa dose. RESULTS The primary efficacy variable for fluctuating patients-the proportion of daily ON time-showed a significant increase compared with placebo (p < 0.05). The absolute ON time (mean (SD)) increased from 9.5 (2.5) to 10.8 (2.4) hours (p < 0.01), and the daily OFF time was correspondingly reduced from 7.0 (2.6) to 5.9 (2.5) hours (p < 0.05 v placebo). This improvement was achieved despite a reduction in daily levodopa requirements. The effect was rapidly lost on withdrawal of entacapone. In non-fluctuating patients, the primary efficacy measure was part II of the UPDRS (activities of daily living; ADL). In this group of patients, ADL scores improved in the entacapone group (p < 0.01 v placebo), and there was also a 40 mg reduction in levodopa requirement (p < 0.01 v placebo). Entacapone was well tolerated by both fluctuating and non-fluctuating patients. CONCLUSIONS The ability of entacapone to provide additional benefits to levodopa treatment in increasing ON time in fluctuating Parkinson's disease patients was confirmed. A novel finding was that patients without fluctuations also obtained benefit from the addition of entacapone to their levodopa treatment, as evidenced by improved ADL scores and a relatively reduced levodopa requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Brooks
- Division of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK.
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Lu H, Meng X, Yang CS. Enzymology of methylation of tea catechins and inhibition of catechol-O-methyltransferase by (-)-epigallocatechin gallate. Drug Metab Dispos 2003; 31:572-9. [PMID: 12695345 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.31.5.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are the major polyphenolic constituents in green tea. In this study, we characterized the enzymology of cytosolic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT)-catalyzed methylation of EGCG and EGC in humans, mice, and rats. At 1 microM, EGCG was readily methylated by liver cytosolic COMT to 4"-O-methyl-EGCG and then to 4',4"-di-O-methyl-EGCG; EGC was methylated to 4'-O-methyl-EGC. The K(m) and V(max) values for EGC methylation were higher than EGCG; for example, with human liver cytosol, the K(m) were 4.0 versus 0.16 microM and V(max) were 1.28 versus 0.16 nmol/mg/min. Rat liver cytosol had higher COMT activity than that of humans or mice. The small intestine had lower specific activity than the liver in the methylation of EGCG and EGC. Glucuronidation on the B-ring or the D-ring of EGCG greatly inhibited the methylation on the same ring, but glucuronidation on the A-ring of EGCG or EGC did not affect their methylation. Using EGC and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine as substrates, EGCG, 4"-O-methyl-EGCG, and 4',4"-di-O-methyl-EGCG were all potent inhibitors (IC(50) approximately 0.2 microM) of COMT. The COMT-inhibiting activity of (-)-EGCG-3'-O-glucuronide was similar to EGCG, but (-)-EGCG-4"-O-glucuronide was less potent. The present work provides basic information on the methylation of EGCG and suggests that EGCG may inhibit COMT-catalyzed methylation of endogenous and exogenous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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49
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Forsberg M, Lehtonen M, Heikkinen M, Savolainen J, Järvinen T, Männistö PT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of entacapone and tolcapone after acute and repeated administration: a comparative study in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2003; 304:498-506. [PMID: 12538800 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.102.042846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, entacapone and tolcapone, were compared in the rat to elucidate the actual differences between their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics after single and repeated administration. Their inhibitory potencies were also compared in vitro. After intravenous administration (3 mg/kg), the elimination half-life (t(1/2 beta)) of entacapone (0.8 h) was clearly shorter than that of tolcapone (2.9 h). The striatum/serum ratio of tolcapone was 3-fold higher than that of entacapone. After a single oral dose (10 mg/kg), both entacapone and tolcapone produced an equal maximal degree of COMT inhibition in peripheral tissues, but tolcapone inhibited striatal COMT more effectively than did entacapone. After the 7-day treatment (10 mg/kg twice daily), COMT activity had recovered to a level of 67 to 101% of control within 8 h after the last dose of entacapone. In tolcapone-treated animals, there was still extensive COMT inhibition present in peripheral tissues, and the degree of inhibition was higher than that attained after a single dose. The pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling revealed that a plateau of COMT inhibition near the maximal attainable inhibition was reached already by plasma concentrations below 2000 ng/ml, both with entacapone and tolcapone. Entacapone and tolcapone inhibited equally rat liver COMT in vitro with K(i) values of 10.7 and 10.0 nM, respectively. In conclusion, tolcapone has a longer duration of action and a better brain penetration than entacapone. The results also suggest that peripheral COMT is inhibited continuously when tolcapone is dosed at 12-h intervals, but this was not seen with entacapone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Forsberg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland.
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50
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Bonifácio MJ, Vieira-Coelho MA, Soares-da-Silva P. Kinetic inhibitory profile of BIA 3-202, a novel fast tight-binding, reversible and competitive catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 460:163-70. [PMID: 12559377 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(02)02879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The present study reports the kinetic inhibitory profile of 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-nitrophenyl]-2-phenyl-ethanone (BIA 3-202), a novel inhibitor of soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in rat liver. After an oral single dose (30 mg kg(-1)), there was a time-dependent recovery of enzyme activity from 98+/-2% inhibition at 30 min to total recovery at 24 h after treatment. The inhibitory effect produced by BIA 3-202 on soluble COMT was reversible after gel filtration of the samples. BIA 3-202 acted as a fast inhibitor of rat liver soluble COMT, interacting immediately with the enzyme after mixing. No differences were observed in the metanephrine formation rates (in nmol mg protein(-1) min(-1)) obtained without and with a 60-min preincubation with 30 nM of BIA 3-202 (1.30+/-0.02 and 1.35+/-0.03, respectively). The tight-binding nature of the inhibition produced by BIA 3-202 was evaluated by performing an Ackermann-Potter plot. The true K(i) for BIA 3-202, derived from the nonlinear regression analysis, was 0.19+/-0.02 nM. In substrate competition studies, an increase in the concentration of adrenaline resulted in a linear increase in IC(50) values for BIA 3-202. In conclusion, BIA 3-202 behaves as a reversible, potent and fast tight-binding COMT inhibitor that acts competitively at the substrate binding site of rat liver soluble COMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Bonifácio
- Department of Research and Development, BIAL, A Av. da Siderurgia Nacional, 4745-457 S. Mamede do Coronado, Portugal
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