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Keresteš V, Kubeš J, Applová L, Kollárová P, Lenčová-Popelová O, Melnikova I, Karabanovich G, Khazeem MM, Bavlovič-Piskáčková H, Štěrbová-Kovaříková P, Austin CA, Roh J, Štěrba M, Šimůnek T, Jirkovská A. Exploring the effects of topoisomerase II inhibitor XK469 on anthracycline cardiotoxicity and DNA damage. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:288-302. [PMID: 38290791 PMCID: PMC10964739 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin (adriamycin), daunorubicin, or epirubicin, rank among the most effective agents in classical anticancer chemotherapy. However, cardiotoxicity remains the main limitation of their clinical use. Topoisomerase IIβ has recently been identified as a plausible target of anthracyclines in cardiomyocytes. We examined the putative topoisomerase IIβ selective agent XK469 as a potential cardioprotective and designed several new analogs. In our experiments, XK469 inhibited both topoisomerase isoforms (α and β) and did not induce topoisomerase II covalent complexes in isolated cardiomyocytes and HL-60, but induced proteasomal degradation of topoisomerase II in these cell types. The cardioprotective potential of XK469 was studied on rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, where dexrazoxane (ICRF-187), the only clinically approved cardioprotective, was effective. Initially, XK469 prevented daunorubicin-induced toxicity and p53 phosphorylation in cardiomyocytes. However, it only partially prevented the phosphorylation of H2AX and did not affect DNA damage measured by Comet Assay. It also did not compromise the daunorubicin antiproliferative effect in HL-60 leukemic cells. When administered to rabbits to evaluate its cardioprotective potential in vivo, XK469 failed to prevent the daunorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in either acute or chronic settings. In the following in vitro analysis, we found that prolonged and continuous exposure of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to XK469 led to significant toxicity. In conclusion, this study provides important evidence on the effects of XK469 and its combination with daunorubicin in clinically relevant doses in cardiomyocytes. Despite its promising characteristics, long-term treatments and in vivo experiments have not confirmed its cardioprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Keresteš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kubeš
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Applová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kollárová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová-Popelová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Iuliia Melnikova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mushtaq M Khazeem
- National Center of Hematology, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Baghdad Governorate 79R2+RXM, Iraq
| | - Hana Bavlovič-Piskáčková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Štěrbová-Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove 500 05, Czech Republic
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Pharoah BM, Zhang C, Khodade VS, Keceli G, McGinity C, Paolocci N, Toscano JP. Hydropersulfides (RSSH) attenuate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity while boosting its anticancer action. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102625. [PMID: 36773545 PMCID: PMC9929489 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity is a frequent and often lethal complication of doxorubicin (DOX)-based chemotherapy. Here, we report that hydropersulfides (RSSH) are the most effective reactive sulfur species in conferring protection against DOX-induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiac cells. Mechanistically, RSSH supplementation alleviates the DOX-evoked surge in reactive oxygen species (ROS), activating nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-dependent pathways, thus boosting endogenous antioxidant defenses. Simultaneously, RSSH turns on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a master regulator of mitochondrial function, while decreasing caspase-3 activity to inhibit apoptosis. Of note, we find that RSSH potentiate anticancer DOX effects in three different cancer cell lines, with evidence that suggests this occurs via induction of reductive stress. Indeed, cancer cells already exhibit much higher basal hydrogen sulfide (H2S), sulfane sulfur, and reducing equivalents compared to cardiac cells. Thus, RSSH may represent a new promising avenue to fend off DOX-induced cardiotoxicity while boosting its anticancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaze M Pharoah
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Chengximeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Vinayak S Khodade
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Gizem Keceli
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Christopher McGinity
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, United States
| | - Nazareno Paolocci
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - John P Toscano
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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Jirkovský E, Jirkovská A, Bureš J, Chládek J, Lenčová O, Stariat J, Pokorná Z, Karabanovich G, Roh J, Brázdová P, Šimůnek T, Kovaříková P, Štěrba M. Pharmacokinetics of the Cardioprotective Drug Dexrazoxane and Its Active Metabolite ADR-925 with Focus on Cardiomyocytes and the Heart. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 364:433-446. [PMID: 29273587 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.244848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexrazoxane (DEX), the only cardioprotectant approved against anthracycline cardiotoxicity, has been traditionally deemed to be a prodrug of the iron-chelating metabolite ADR-925. However, pharmacokinetic profile of both agents, particularly with respect to the cells and tissues essential for its action (cardiomyocytes/myocardium), remains poorly understood. The aim of this study is to characterize the conversion and disposition of DEX to ADR-925 in vitro (primary cardiomyocytes) and in vivo (rabbits) under conditions where DEX is clearly cardioprotective against anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Our results show that DEX is hydrolyzed to ADR-925 in cell media independently of the presence of cardiomyocytes or their lysate. Furthermore, ADR-925 directly penetrates into the cells with contribution of active transport, and detectable concentrations occur earlier than after DEX incubation. In rabbits, ADR-925 was detected rapidly in plasma after DEX administration to form sustained concentrations thereafter. ADR-925 was not markedly retained in the myocardium, and its relative exposure was 5.7-fold lower than for DEX. Unlike liver tissue, myocardium homogenates did not accelerate the conversion of DEX to ADR-925 in vitro, suggesting that myocardial concentrations in vivo may originate from its distribution from the central compartment. The pharmacokinetic parameters for both DEX and ADR-925 were determined by both noncompartmental analyses and population pharmacokinetics (including joint parent-metabolite model). Importantly, all determined parameters were closer to human than to rodent data. The present results open venues for the direct assessment of the cardioprotective effects of ADR-925 in vitro and in vivo to establish whether DEX is a drug or prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Jirkovský
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Jirkovská
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Bureš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Chládek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Lenčová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Stariat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Pokorná
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Galina Karabanovich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Brázdová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Šimůnek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kovaříková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Štěrba
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové (E.J., J.C., O.L., Z.P., P.B., M.Š.), and Departments of Biochemical Sciences (E.J., A.J., T.Š.), Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis (J.B., J.S., P.K.), and Inorganic and Organic Chemistry (G.K., J.R.), Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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