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Inchingolo F, Inchingolo AM, Inchingolo AD, Fatone MC, Ferrante L, Avantario P, Fiore A, Palermo A, Amenduni T, Galante F, Dipalma G. Bidirectional Association between Periodontitis and Thyroid Disease: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:860. [PMID: 39063437 PMCID: PMC11277102 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. Due to the development of chronic inflammation, periodontitis can contribute to the development of several systemic diseases, including thyroid disease. Thyroid pathology includes benign, malignant, and autoimmune conditions leading to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or euthyroidism. Alterations in thyroid hormones, especially hypothyroidism, can reveal significant oral manifestations, including periodontitis. This scoping review aims to explore the probable causal relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, in terms of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment. The search strategy follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched from January 2014 to January 2024, entering the MESH terms "periodontitis" and "thyroid". Of 153 initial records, 20 articles were selected and discussed. There is a high prevalence of periodontitis among patients with thyroid disease, including thyroid cancer. The causes at the basis of this association are genetic factors, the oral microbiome, and proinflammatory cytokines. Periodontal treatment, specifically scaling and root planning, can ameliorate thyroid parameters. Although there are a few randomized controlled studies in the literature, this review lays the foundation for a bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and thyroid disease, the link to which is, once again, systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | - Angelo Michele Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | - Alessio Danilo Inchingolo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | | | - Laura Ferrante
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | - Pasquale Avantario
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | - Arianna Fiore
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
| | - Andrea Palermo
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, Birmingham B4 6BN, UK;
| | - Tommaso Amenduni
- PTA Trani-ASL BT, Viale Padre Pio, 76125 Trani, Italy; (T.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Francesco Galante
- PTA Trani-ASL BT, Viale Padre Pio, 76125 Trani, Italy; (T.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Gianna Dipalma
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy or (F.I.); or (A.M.I.); or (L.F.); or (P.A.); or (A.F.); or (G.D.)
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Ahmad P, Moussa DG, Siqueira WL. Metabolomics for dental caries diagnosis: Past, present, and future. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38940512 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries, a prevalent global infectious condition affecting over 95% of adults, remains elusive in its precise etiology. Addressing the complex dynamics of caries demands a thorough exploration of taxonomic, potential, active, and encoded functions within the oral ecosystem. Metabolomic profiling emerges as a crucial tool, offering immediate insights into microecosystem physiology and linking directly to the phenotype. Identified metabolites, indicative of caries status, play a pivotal role in unraveling the metabolic processes underlying the disease. Despite challenges in metabolite variability, the use of metabolomics, particularly via mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, holds promise in caries research. This review comprehensively examines metabolomics in caries prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, highlighting distinct metabolite expression patterns and their associations with disease-related bacterial communities. Pioneering in approach, it integrates singular and combinatory metabolomics methodologies, diverse biofluids, and study designs, critically evaluating prior limitations while offering expert insights for future investigations. By synthesizing existing knowledge, this review significantly advances our comprehension of caries, providing a foundation for improved prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Dina G Moussa
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Enlund KB, Rahunen N, Thelander S, Olsén L. Evaluation of a Thiol-Detection Test to Assess Tooth Brushing Efficacy in Dogs. J Vet Dent 2024; 41:183-191. [PMID: 37345423 PMCID: PMC11003196 DOI: 10.1177/08987564231179898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal disease affects more than 80% of dogs over 3 years of age, making it the most common disease in dogs seen in veterinary clinics. Gingivitis, the early-stage of periodontal disease, may be reversible with tooth brushing. Thiol, a sulfuric compound, has previously been shown to correlate with the degree of periodontal disease. In this study, a thiol-detection test was used to investigate daily tooth brushing efficacy in dogs. Twenty-two beagle dogs were subjected to daily tooth brushing for 2 weeks. Gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI) and thiol were assessed before treatment (day 1), after 1 week (day 7), after last treatment (day 14), and 2 weeks after treatment finished (day 29). Degree of stress was also assessed using a fear, anxiety and stress (FAS) scale. Both 7 and 14 days of daily tooth brushing showed an improvement in oral health. Thiol decreased significantly and GI and PI improved significantly after 1 and 2 weeks of brushing. No significant improvement in CI was shown. After an additional 2 weeks without brushing, GI and PI had returned to baseline levels. Stress levels decreased from day 1 to day 14. This study suggests that a thiol-detection test can be used to assess tooth brushing efficacy. Tooth brushing has a positive effect on the oral health in dogs as soon as 7 days after commencement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Brunius Enlund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nadja Rahunen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofia Thelander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Olsén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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Sahoo S, Singh DK, Pattnaik N, Jalaluddin M, Mishra D, Mohapatra A, Pati J. Exploring Knowledge, Awareness, and Practices Regarding Periodontal Health Assessment and Mechanical Plaque Control Among the Shillong Population of Meghalaya, India: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Investigation. Cureus 2024; 16:e57692. [PMID: 38711722 PMCID: PMC11070892 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal diseases are widespread oral health conditions. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the knowledge, awareness, and practices related to periodontal health assessment and mechanical plaque control among specific populations, such as those residing in Shillong, Meghalaya. Shillong, being the capital city of Meghalaya in northeastern India, represents a diverse demographic and cultural landscape. Aim This study aims to evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and practices related to mechanical plaque control among the population of Shillong City. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional online survey was conducted among the residents of Shillong City, Meghalaya. Data collection involved the administration of an 18-item, closed-ended, self-structured questionnaire. Before the main data collection, a pilot study was conducted involving 63 individuals. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0 (Released 2019; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), employing the chi-square test and ANOVA with a significance level of 0.05. Results Study participants were categorized into five age groups spanning from 21 to 64 years old, with the age group of 41 to 50 years demonstrating the highest mean knowledge score. Age exhibited a statistically significant influence on knowledge scores. Conclusion The study reveals a commendable level of knowledge, awareness, and adherence to practices regarding the primary tool for oral hygiene maintenance, the toothbrush, among the residents of Shillong City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saismita Sahoo
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Dhirendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Naina Pattnaik
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Mohammad Jalaluddin
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Debasish Mishra
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Arpita Mohapatra
- Department of Periodontology, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Jugajyoti Pati
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kalinga Institute of Dental Sciences, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, IND
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Lisman D, Drath J, Zielińska G, Zacharczuk J, Piątek J, van de Wetering T, Ossowki A. The evidential value of dental calculus in the identification process. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21666. [PMID: 38066060 PMCID: PMC10709568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA analysis-based identification is by far the gold standard in forensic genetics and it should be performed in every case involving human remains or unidentified bodies. Bones and teeth are the preferred source of human DNA for genetic analysis. However, there are cases where the nature of the proceedings and historical significance prevent the disruption of skeletal structure. The remains may also be heavily degraded. In such situations, forensic geneticists seek alternative sources of human DNA. Teeth calculus has proven to be a viable source of DNA for identification purposes. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration of human DNA in teeth calculus and evaluate the usefulness of teeth calculus as a DNA source in the identification process. Teeth calculus was collected from skeletons exhumed between 2021 and 2022 by the PBGOT (Polish Genetic Database of Victims of Totalitarianism) team from the former Stalag IID prisoner-of-war camp in Stargard. Genetic analyses included the determination of autosomal and Y-STR markers. The total concentration of human DNA was also evaluated in samples from teeth calculus and teeth taken from the same individuals. The pilot study included 22 skeletons with a sufficient amount of calculus for isolation (specified in the protocol). Samples were taken from the largest areas of calculus deposited on lingual surfaces of mandibular incisors. The prepared samples underwent DNA extraction. Our study demonstrated that teeth calculus is a source of human DNA for remains from the World War II period. The obtained DNA concentration allowed for the determination of STR markers. It was shown that teeth calculus contains human DNA in an amount suitable for preliminary identification analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Lisman
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Joanna Drath
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Grażyna Zielińska
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Julia Zacharczuk
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Piątek
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Thierry van de Wetering
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ossowki
- Department of Forensic Genetic, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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Wang K, Wang S, Yin J, Yang Q, Yu Y, Chen L. Long-term application of silver nanoparticles in dental restoration materials: potential toxic injury to the CNS. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:52. [PMID: 37855967 PMCID: PMC10587321 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-023-06753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have durable and remarkable antimicrobial effects on pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria and fungi, in dental plaques. As such, they are widely added to dental restoration materials, including composite resins, denture bases, adhesives, and implants, to solve the problems of denture stomatitis, peri-implant inflammation, and oral infection caused by the long-term use of these dental restoration materials. However, AgNPs can be absorbed into the blood circulatory system through the nasal/oral mucosa, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, skin, and other pathways and then distributed into the lungs, kidneys, liver, spleen, and testes, thereby causing toxic injury to these tissues and organs. It can even be transported across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and continuously accumulate in brain tissues, causing injury and dysfunction of neurons and glial cells; consequently, neurotoxicity occurs. Other nanomaterials with antibacterial or remineralization properties are added to dental restoration materials with AgNPs. However, studies have yet to reveal the neurotoxicity caused by dental restoration materials containing AgNPs. In this review, we summarize the application of AgNPs in dental restoration materials, the mechanism of AgNPs in cytotoxicity and toxic injury to the BBB, and the related research on the accumulation of AgNPs to cause changes of neurotoxicity. We also discuss the mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by AgNPs and the mode and rate of AgNPs released from dental restorative materials added with AgNPs to evaluate the probability of neurotoxic injury to the central nervous system (CNS), and then provide a theoretical basis for developing new composite dental restoration materials. Mechanism of neurotoxicity caused by AgNPs: AgNPs in the blood circulation enter the brain tissue after being transported across the BBB through transendothelial cell pathway and paracellular transport pathway, and continuously accumulate in brain tissue, causing damage and dysfunction of neurons and glial cells which ultimately leads to neurotoxicity. The uptake of AgNPs by neurons, astrocytes and microglia causes damage to these cells. AgNPs with non-neurotoxic level often increases the secretion of a variety of cytokines, up-regulates the expression of metallothionein in glial cells, even up-regulates autophagy and inflammation response to protect neurons from the toxic damage of AgNPs. However, the protective effect of glial cells induced by AgNPs exposure to neurotoxic levels is insufficient, which leads to neuronal damage and dysfunction and even neuronal programmed cell death, eventually cause neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaimei Wang
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- The Medical unit of 65651 troops of Chinese people's Liberation Army, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, 121100, China
| | - Jingju Yin
- Fujian Medical University; Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, 350002, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- The Southwest Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yi Yu
- Guiyang Hospital of Stomatology, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, 563000, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou Province, 563100, China.
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Bem JSP, Lacerda NGS, Polizello ACM, Cabral H, da Rosa-Garzon NG, Aires CP. Mutanase from Trichoderma harzianum inductively Produced by Mutan: Short-Term Treatment to Degrade Mature Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:312. [PMID: 37542660 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the disruptive effect of fungal mutanase against cariogenic biofilm after short-term treatment. For that, mature Streptococcus mutans biofilms (n = 9) were exposed to active or inactivated enzymes produced by Trichoderma harzianum for 1 min, two times per day. Biofilms were analyzed by amount of matrix water-insoluble polysaccharides, bacterial viability, acidogenicity, and morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The group treated with active enzymes (AE) had a significantly lower amount of insoluble polysaccharides (893.30 ± 293.69) when compared to the negative control group (NaCl, 2192.59 ± 361.96), yet no significant difference was found when comparing to the positive control group (CHX, 436.82 ± 151.07). Also, there was no significant effect on bacteria metabolism and viability (P-value < 0.05). Data generated by the quantitative analysis were confirmed through scanning electron microscopy images. Thus, fungal mutanase degraded the biofilm after a short-term treatment without interfering with bacterial viability and metabolism. Such findings offer insight to the development of routine oral care products containing this input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Silva Peixoto Bem
- Department of Children's Clinic, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Nayanna Gomes Silva Lacerda
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Morseli Polizello
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Hamilton Cabral
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Gonsales da Rosa-Garzon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Patrícia Aires
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Café Avenue s/n, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil.
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Skilbeck MG, Cannon RD, Farella M, Mei L. The effect of surface roughening of orthodontic elastomers on hydrophobicity and in vitro adherence of Streptococcus gordonii. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105881. [PMID: 37209593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Biofilm formation around orthodontic appliances causes gingivitis, enamel decalcification and caries. Bacteria adhere less readily to superhydrophobic surfaces. The aim of this study was to determine whether a superhydrophobic surface could be generated on orthodontic elastomers by surface modification in order to reduce bacterial adhesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Orthodontic elastomers were modified with sandpapers of various grit sizes (80-600 grit). Surface roughness of the modified and unmodified surfaces was assessed qualitatively with scanning electron microscopy and quantitatively with confocal microscopy. Water contact angles were measured with a goniometer to quantify hydrophobicity. Measurements were performed on unextended elastomers (100% original length) and elastomers extended to 150%, and 200% of the original length. Adhesion of Streptococcus gordonii to saliva coated elastomers was measured by counting colony forming units on agar plates. RESULTS Abrasion with different sandpapers produced elastomers with surface roughness (Ra) ranging from 2 to 12 μm. Contact angles followed a quadratic trend with a maximum contact angle of 104° at an Ra of 7-9 μm. Average water contact angles, when viewed perpendicular to the direction of extension, decreased from 99° to 90° when the extension was increased from 100% to 200% and increased from 100° to 103° when viewed parallel to the direction of extension. Bacterial adhesion increased as roughness increased and this effect was more pronounced with elastomer extension. CONCLUSION The surface roughness of orthodontic elastomers influences both their hydrophobicity and bacterial adhesion. Superhydrophobicity of elastomers could not be achieved with sandpaper abrasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Skilbeck
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
| | - Mauro Farella
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand; Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Li Mei
- Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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Yadav S, Parijat P, Krishnan V. The crystal structure of sortase C from an early colonizer of dental plaque, Streptococcus sanguinis, reveals an active open-lid conformation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125183. [PMID: 37276901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque is a complex microbial biofilm community of many species and a major cause of oral infections and infectious endocarditis. Plaque development begins when primary colonizers attach to oral tissues and undergo coaggregation. Primary colonizers facilitate cellular attachment and inter-bacterial interactions through sortase-dependent pili (or fimbriae) extending out from their cell surface. Consequently, the sortase enzyme is viewed as a potential drug target for controlling biofilm formation and avoiding infection. Streptococcus sanguinis is a primary colonizing bacterium whose pili consist of three different pilin subunits that are assembled together by the pilus-specific (C-type) SsaSrtC sortase. Here, we report on the crystal structure determination of the recombinant wild-type and active-site mutant forms of SsaSrtC. Interestingly, the SsaSrtC structure exhibits an open-lid conformation, although a conserved DPX motif is lacking in the lid. Based on molecular docking and structural analysis, we identified the substrate-binding residues essential for pilin recognition and pilus assembly. We also demonstrated that while recombinant SsaSrtC is enzymatically active toward the five-residue LPNTG sorting motif peptide of the pilins, this activity is significantly reduced by the presence of zinc. We further showed that rutin and α-crocin are potential candidate inhibitors of the SsaSrtC sortase via structure-based virtual screening and inhibition assays. The structural knowledge gained from our study will provide the means to develop new approaches that target pilus-mediated attachment, thereby preventing oral biofilm growth and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Yadav
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Priyanka Parijat
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Vengadesan Krishnan
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, India.
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Manphibool C, Matangkasombut O, Chantarangsu S, Chantarawaratit PO. Effects of blue-light LED toothbrush on reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances: a crossover randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:293. [PMID: 37189136 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with fixed orthodontic appliances have higher plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Our aim was to compare the effectiveness of a light emitting diode (LED) toothbrush with a manual toothbrush in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances, and to investigate the effect of the LED toothbrush on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilm in vitro. METHODS Twenty-four orthodontic patients were recruited and randomly assigned into 2 groups: (1) started with manual and (2) started with LED toothbrushes. After a 28-day usage and 28-day wash-out period, the patients switched to the other intervention. The plaque and gingival indices were determined at baseline and 28 days after each intervention. The patients' compliance and satisfaction scores were collected using questionnaires. For the in vitro experiments, S. mutans biofilm was divided into 5 groups (n = 6) with 15-, 30-, 60-, or 120-sec LED exposure, and without LED exposure as a control group. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the gingival index between the manual and LED toothbrush groups. The manual toothbrush was significantly more effective in reducing the plaque index in the proximal area on the bracket side (P = 0.031). However, no significant difference was found between the two groups in other areas around the brackets or on the non-bracket side. After LED exposure in vitro, the percentages of bacterial viability after LED exposure for 15-120 s were significantly lower compared with the control (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION Clinically, the LED toothbrush was not more effective in reducing dental plaque or gingival inflammation than the manual toothbrush in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. However, the blue light from the LED toothbrush significantly reduced the number of S. mutans in biofilm when it was exposed to the light for at least 15 s in vitro. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Thai Clinical Trials Registry (TCTR20210510004). Registered 10/05/2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavirakarn Manphibool
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Oranart Matangkasombut
- Department of Microbiology and Center of Excellence on Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soranun Chantarangsu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Park S, Kumar S, Maier CS, Kreth J, Koley D. Simultaneous Chemical Mapping of Live Biofilm Microenvironmental pH and Hydrogen Peroxide in Real Time with a Triple Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Tip. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6332-6340. [PMID: 37018485 PMCID: PMC10485357 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Dental plaque biofilm is a complex ecosystem. The distribution of microbial species in the biofilm is heavily influenced by local chemical interactions that result from diverse metabolic activities and the nature of the released molecules. As a relevant example, H2O2-producing bacteria can antagonize disease-associated bacteria, leading to the maintenance of a healthy oral microbiome. Herein, we report the development of a triple-sensor (redox, pH, and H2O2) scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) tip capable of simultaneously mapping the pH and H2O2 concentration produced by a dental plaque-derived multispecies biofilm grown on hydroxyapatite. The pH sensor of the triple SECM tip showed a near Nernstian slope of -71.1 ± 2 mV/pH (N = 3), whereas the H2O2 sensor showed a slope of -0.052 ± 0.002 nA/μM H2O2 at pH 7.2 and a detection limit of 1.0 ± 0.2 μM (N = 7). There is no significant difference in the sensitivities of H2O2 sensors at pH 6.2, 7.2, and 8.2 at 95% CI (N = 7). The pH and H2O2 sensors demonstrated excellent reversibility with response times of 3 and 5 s, respectively, along with reliable stability over 4 h at 37 °C. The sensors did not show any cross talk between pH and H2O2 concentration ([H2O2]) measurements, highlighting the accuracy and versatility of the SECM tip. Simultaneous chemical imaging of pH and [H2O2] across the biofilm revealed a clustered distribution of local H2O2 concentrations, ranging from 0 to 17 μM. Conversely, the local pH remained constant at 7.2. The relation of local chemical profiles and the distribution of bacterial species within the oral microbiome was experimentally investigated in the context of bacterial H2O2 antagonism. The benefit of clustered H2O2 production was that the total area of H2O2 produced by smaller clusters was 67% more than that of a single cluster with the same starting number of bacteria. Thus, this triple SECM tip can potentially be used to study local molecular mechanisms that result in dysbiosis of the oral microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Park
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sriram Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Jens Kreth
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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12
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Yoshikuni Y, Iijima M, Takahashi G, Okumura T, Kogure T, Suzuki M. Effect of phosphoproteins on intracellular calcification of bacteria. Eur J Oral Sci 2023; 131:e12929. [PMID: 36929523 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of phosphoproteins on bacterial mineralization. Dental calculus formation is attributed to bacterial mineralization in the oral cavity; however, the influence of phosphoproteins (which are abundant in saliva) is not clear. The model bacterium Escherichia coli was suspended in a calcification solution containing casein as a model phosphoprotein. To evaluate mineralization independent of bacterial metabolism, bacteria killed by heat treatment at 70°C were compared with viable bacteria. After incubation at 37°C for 24 h, the mode of calcification was observed using electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. Solutions without casein produced precipitation in solution, which was identical to that in experiments without bacteria. In contrast, calcification solutions with 200 ppm casein only produced calcium phosphate deposition intracellularly. Without heat treatment, intracellular calcification rarely occurred, even when casein was added. Thus, phosphoproteins promoted intracellular calcification of dead bacteria; this is similar to the calcification of insoluble matrices, such as collagen fibrils, promoted by acidic polymers. We concluded that intracellular calcification is caused by the collagen fibril-like behavior of dead bacteria. The promotion of intracellular calcification of dead bacteria by phosphoproteins suggested a basic principle of dental calculus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihisa Yoshikuni
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Iijima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Takahashi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Okumura
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kogure
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Dental plaque-inspired versatile nanosystem for caries prevention and tooth restoration. Bioact Mater 2023; 20:418-433. [PMID: 35784637 PMCID: PMC9233191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is one of the most prevalent human diseases resulting from tooth demineralization caused by acid production of bacteria plaque. It remains challenges for current practice to specifically identify, intervene and interrupt the development of caries while restoring defects. In this study, inspired by natural dental plaque, a stimuli-responsive multidrug delivery system (PMs@NaF-SAP) has been developed to prevent tooth decay and promote enamel restoration. Classic spherical core-shell structures of micelles dual-loaded with antibacterial and restorative agents are self-assembled into bacteria-responsive multidrug delivery system based on the pH-cleavable boronate ester bond, followed by conjugation with salivary-acquired peptide (SAP) to endow the nanoparticle with strong adhesion to tooth enamel. The constructed PMs@NaF-SAP specifically adheres to tooth, identifies cariogenic conditions and intelligently releases drugs at acidic pH, thereby providing antibacterial adhesion and cariogenic biofilm resistance, and restoring the microarchitecture and mechanical properties of demineralized teeth. Topical treatment with PMs@NaF-SAP effectively diminishes the onset and severity of caries without impacting oral microbiota diversity or surrounding mucosal tissues. These findings demonstrate this novel nanotherapy has potential as a promising biomedical application for caries prevention and tooth defect restoration while resisting biofilm-associated diseases in a controlled manner activated by pathological bacteria. Nanomaterials can adhere to tooth and target acidic biofilms specifically. Application of caries prevention and tooth defect restoration. Guidance for the innovation of the existing post-defect restoration strategies. The multidrug delivery system exerts antibacterial and restorative abilities on demand. Bacteria-responsive system resists biofilm-associated diseases in a controlled manner.
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14
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Belibasakis GN, Belstrøm D, Eick S, Gursoy UK, Johansson A, Könönen E. Periodontal microbiology and microbial etiology of periodontal diseases: Historical concepts and contemporary perspectives. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 36661184 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes the collective knowledge on periodontal microbiology, through a historical timeline that highlights the European contribution in the global field. The etiological concepts on periodontal disease culminate to the ecological plaque hypothesis and its dysbiosis-centered interpretation. Reference is made to anerobic microbiology and to the discovery of select periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors, as well as to biofilms. The evolution of contemporary molecular methods and high-throughput platforms is highlighted in appreciating the breadth and depth of the periodontal microbiome. Finally clinical microbiology is brought into perspective with the contribution of different microbial species in periodontal diagnosis, the combination of microbial and host biomarkers for this purpose, and the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulvi K Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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Pincott H, Hughes M, Cummins T, Morse DJ. Building blocks of biofilms - an engaging and hands-on microbiology outreach activity for school children and the general public. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:000467.v3. [PMID: 36910510 PMCID: PMC9996183 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000467.v3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are naturally occurring communities of micro-organisms, attached to a surface and often embedded in a matrix of self-produced polymeric substances. Biofilms are widely implicated in human infections, particularly on prostheses and medical implants. Such biofilms are difficult to eradicate, often leading to replacement of the prosthesis and resulting in a significant burden to healthcare. Here we present a fun and engaging interactive activity targeted toward primary school/early secondary school children, introducing the concept of natural and healthcare-associated biofilms, using dental plaque as an archetypal example. Dental plaque forms as a result of poor oral/dental hygiene, and develops according to a typical series of defined stages: attachment and adherence to the surface, followed by colonization and maturation of the biofilm structure, and eventually, dispersal. This activity uses dental disclosing tablets to visualize real biofilms (plaque) on the participants teeth, and uses interlocking building-blocks to represent microorganisms, where children build three-dimensional 'biofilms' of varying shapes and structural integrities. Each of the stages of development are discussed in detail, and after building the biofilms, balls of different shapes, sizes and weights can be used as 'antimicrobials' to disrupt the biofilm structure. The outcomes of the activity are to enhance knowledge and general understanding of biofilms; their ubiquitous presence in the natural environment, development, implications in healthcare, and challenges of treatment. The various 'antimicrobial' balls also provide a basis to introduce and discuss drug selection for infections, and the importance of using the correct antimicrobial for different infections to avoid development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Pincott
- Show Me The Science, Cwmbran, UK
- Oral Pathology & Microbiology, University Dental Hospital, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Morse
- Show Me The Science, Cwmbran, UK
- *Correspondence: Daniel J. Morse,
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16
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Aguilera FR, Viñas M, Sierra JM, Vinuesa T, R. Fernandez de Henestrosa A, Furmanczyk M, Trullàs C, Jourdan E, López-López J, Jorba M. Substantivity of mouth-rinse formulations containing cetylpyridinium chloride and O-cymen-5-ol: a randomized-crossover trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:646. [PMID: 36575444 PMCID: PMC9793821 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02688-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of mouth-rinses strongly depends upon their substantivity. The use of natural and non-toxic products that avoid secondary effects is gaining interest in preventive dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantivity of two formulations of mouth-washing solutions based on cetylpyridinium (CPC) and O-cymen-5-ol. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial conducted at the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences of the University of Barcelona. Bacterial re-colonization was followed by live/dead (SYTOTM9 + propidium iodide) bacterial staining and measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorometry. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals at baseline saliva and then, at 15 min, 30 min and 1, 2, 3, and 4 h after the following mouth-rinses: (i) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of placebo (negative control); (ii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) ; (iii) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%); (iv) a single, 1-min mouth-rinse with 15 ml of CPC (0.05%) + O-cymen-5-ol (0.09%). RESULTS Proportion of dead bacteria was significantly higher for all mouthrinses during the first 15 min compared to baseline (CPC = 48.0 ± 13.9; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001, O-cymen-5-ol = 79.8 ± 21.0; 95% CI 67.71-91.90; p < 0.05, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol = 49.4 ± 14; 95% CI 40.98-56.99; p < 0.001 by fluorometry and 54.8 ± 23.0; 95% CI 41.50-68.06; p < 0.001, 76.3 ± 17.1; 95% CI 66.36-86.14; p < 0.001, 47.4 ± 11.9; 95% CI 40.49-54.30; p < 0.001 by confocal laser scanning microscopy, respectively). Nevertheless, after 4 h, CPC + O-cymen-5-ol was the only one that obtained significant values as measured by the two quantification methods used (80.3 ± 22.8; 95% CI 67.15-93.50; p < 0.05 and 81.4 ± 13.8; 95% CI 73.45-89.43; p < 0.05). The combined use of CPC + O-cymen-5-ol increased the substantivity of the mouthrinse with respect to mouthrinses prepared with either of the two active products alone. CONCLUSION The synergistic interaction of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol prolongs their substantivity. The resulting formulation may be as effective as other antimicrobials, such as triclosan or chlorhexidine, but without their undesirable secondary effects. Thus, mouthrinsing products based on Combinations of CPC and O-cymen-5-ol may replace in the near future Triclosan and Chlorhexidine-based mouthrinses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe-Rodrigo Aguilera
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.7119.e0000 0004 0487 459XDental School, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Miguel Viñas
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M. Sierra
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Vinuesa
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Marta Furmanczyk
- grid.487221.a0000 0004 1795 1224Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Trullàs
- grid.487221.a0000 0004 1795 1224Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Jourdan
- grid.487221.a0000 0004 1795 1224Innovation and Development, ISDIN, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José López-López
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Jorba
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona & IDIBELL, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Ko H, Sung BH, Kim MJ, Sohn JH, Bae JH. Fructan Biosynthesis by Yeast Cell Factories. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:1373-1381. [PMID: 36310357 PMCID: PMC9720074 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2207.07062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fructan is a polysaccharide composed of fructose and can be classified into several types, such as inulin, levan, and fructo-oligosaccharides, based on their linkage patterns and degree of polymerization. Owing to its structural and functional diversity, fructan has been used in various fields including prebiotics, foods and beverages, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical applications. With increasing interest in fructans, efficient and straightforward production methods have been explored. Since the 1990s, yeast cells have been employed as producers of recombinant enzymes for enzymatic conversion of fructans including fructosyltransferases derived from various microbes and plants. More recently, yeast cell factories are highlighted as efficient workhorses for fructan production by direct fermentation. In this review, recent advances and strategies for fructan biosynthesis by yeast cell factories are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Ko
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hyun Sung
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jin Kim
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Sohn
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Cellapy Bio Inc., Bio-Venture Center 211, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,Corresponding authors J.H. Sohn Phone: +82-42-860-4458 Fax: +82-42-860-4489 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hoon Bae
- Synthetic Biology & Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea,
J.H. Bae Phone: +82-42-860-4484 Fax: +82-42-860-4489 E-mail:
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Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, Dahake PT, Kendre SB, Jain M. Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:643-651. [PMID: 36866129 PMCID: PMC9973079 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a bacterial plaque model. Materials and methods A total of 32 extracted primary molars were divided into two groups (n = 16), group I (FAgamin), and group II (SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification. Results Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F2) in carious enamel lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for FAgamin and 13.61 and 31.87 for SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight %) of Ag and F2 were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for FAgamin and 10.16 and 47.82 for SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both the groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean value of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 and 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both FAgamin and SDF (p < 0.001). Conclusion FAgamin and SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The bacterial plaque model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth. Clinical significance A comparative evaluation of these two cariostatic and remineralizing agents will aid in identifying the efficacy of both commercial products in treating initial caries lesions in an effective noninvasive and child-friendly manner. How to cite this article Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe MV, et al. Comparison of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):643-651.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Misal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh V Dadpe
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (Dental College) (MIDSR), Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Private Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Rabe A, Gesell Salazar M, Michalik S, Kocher T, Below H, Völker U, Welk A. Impact of different oral treatments on the composition of the supragingival plaque microbiome. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2138251. [PMID: 36338832 PMCID: PMC9629129 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2138251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental plaque consists of a diverse microbial community embedded in a complex structure of exopolysaccharides. Dental biofilms form a natural barrier against pathogens but lead to oral diseases in a dysbiotic state. Objective Using a metaproteome approach combined with a standard plaque-regrowth study, this pilot study examined the impact of different concentrations of lactoperoxidase (LPO) on early plaque formation, and active biological processes. Design Sixteen orally healthy subjects received four local treatments as a randomized single-blind study based on a cross-over design. Two lozenges containing components of the LPO-system in different concentrations were compared to a placebo and Listerine®. The newly formed dental plaque was analyzed by mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS). Results On average 1,916 metaproteins per sample were identified, which could be assigned to 116 genera and 1,316 protein functions. Listerine® reduced the number of metaproteins and their relative abundance, confirming the plaque inhibiting effect. The LPO-lozenges triggered mainly higher metaprotein abundances of early and secondary colonizers as well as bacteria associated with dental health but also periodontitis. Functional information indicated plaque biofilm growth. Conclusion In conclusion, the mechanisms on plaque biofilm formation of Listerine® and the LPO-system containing lozenges are different. In contrast to Listerine®, the lozenges led to a higher bacterial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rabe
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany,CONTACT Alexander Rabe University Medicine Greifswald, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17489Greifswald, Germany
| | - Manuela Gesell Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Kocher
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
| | - Harald Below
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walter-Rathenau-Straße 49 A17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, 17475Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Welk
- Center for Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Dental School of University Medicine Greifswald, Fleischmannstraße 42-44, 17489
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Carda-Diéguez M, Moazzez R, Mira A. Functional changes in the oral microbiome after use of fluoride and arginine containing dentifrices: a metagenomic and metatranscriptomic study. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:159. [PMID: 36171634 PMCID: PMC9520947 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tooth decay is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide, and efficient tooth brushing with a fluoride-containing dentifrice is considered fundamental to caries prevention. Fluoride-containing dentifrices have been extensively studied in relation to enamel resistance to demineralization. Arginine (Arg) has also been proposed as a promising prebiotic to promote pH buffering through ammonia production. Here, we present the first metagenomic (DNA sequencing of the whole microbial community) and metatranscriptomic (RNAseq of the same community) analyses of human dental plaque to evaluate the effect of brushing with fluoride (Fl) and a Fl+Arg containing dentifrices on oral microbial composition and activity. Fifty-three patients were enrolled in a longitudinal clinical intervention study with two arms, including 26 caries-active and 27 caries-free adults. After a minimum 1-week washout period, dental plaque samples were collected at this post-washout baseline, 3 months after the use of a 1450-ppm fluoride dentifrice, and after 6 months of using a 1450-ppm fluoride with 1.5% arginine dentifrice. RESULTS There was a shift in both the composition and activity of the plaque microbiome after 3 months of brushing with the fluoride-containing toothpaste compared to the samples collected at the 1-week post-washout period, both for caries-active and caries-free sites. Although several caries-associated bacteria were reduced, there was also an increase in several health- and periodontitis-associated bacteria. Over 400 genes changed proportion in the metagenome, and between 180 and 300 genes changed their expression level depending on whether caries-free or caries-active sites were analyzed. The metagenome and metatranscriptome also changed after the subjects brushed with the Fl+Arg dentifrice. There was a further decrease of both caries- and periodontitis-associated organisms. In both caries-free and caries-active sites, a decrease of genes from the arginine biosynthesis pathway was also observed, in addition to an increase in the expression of genes associated with the arginine deiminase pathway, which catabolizes arginine into ammonia, thereby buffering acidic pH. Bacterial richness and diversity were not affected by either of the two treatments in the two arms of the study. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that long-term use of both assayed dentifrices changes the bacterial composition and functional profiles of human dental plaque towards a healthier microbial community, both in caries-free and caries-active sites. This observation was especially apparent for the Fl+Arg dentifrice. Thus, we conclude that the preventive benefits of tooth brushing go beyond the physical removal of dental plaque and that the active ingredients formulated within dentifrices have a positive effect not only on enamel chemistry but also on the metabolism of oral microbial populations. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Moazzez
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, FISABIO Institute, Valencia, Spain.
- Network of Epidemiology and Public Health, CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain.
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Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, Dahake PT, Kendre SB, Jain M. Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022; 15:442-449. [PMID: 36875974 PMCID: PMC9983589 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To investigate the cariostatic and remineralizing effect of two commercial silver diamine fluoride (SDF) preparations on enamel and dentinal caries using a plaque bacterial model. Materials and methods Thirty-two extracted primary molars were divided into two groups (n = 16) as group I (Advantage Arrest) and group II (e-SDF). Plaque bacterial model was used to induce caries on enamel and dentin. Preoperative evaluation of samples was done using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy-scanning electron microscope (EDX-SEM). All samples were treated with test materials and evaluated for postoperative remineralization quantification. Results EDX revealed that mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of silver (Ag) and fluoride (F) in enamel carious lesions were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased postoperatively to 11.40 and 31.05 for Advantage Arrest and 13.61 and 31.87 for e-SDF, respectively. For dentinal caries, EDX revealed mean preoperative levels (in weight%) of Ag and F were 0.0 and 0.0, which increased to 11.47 and 48.71 for Advantage Arrest and 10.16 and 47.82 for e-SDF, respectively postoperatively. Both groups showed evident demineralization with exposed collagen under SEM. The mean values of enamel lesion depth for the group I and II were 38.64 and 39.30 µm, that reduced to 28.02 and 28.70 µm, while for dentinal caries, the mean depth from 38.05 to 38.29 µm that reduced significantly to 28.96 and 30.10 µm, respectively (p < 0.001). Caries depth declined significantly after the application of both Advantage Arrest and e-SDF (p < 0.001). Conclusion Advantage arrest and e-SDF show similar cariostatic and remineralization potential for dental caries. The plaque bacterial model used in this study is an efficient method to induce artificial carious lesions in teeth. How to cite this article Kale YJ, Misal S, Dadpe M, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Cariostatic and Remineralizing Potential of Two Commercial Silver Diamine Fluoride Preparations Using Confocal Laser Microscopy and EDX-SEM Spectroscopy: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(4):442-449.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh J Kale
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar Misal
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Dadpe
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasanna T Dahake
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shrikant B Kendre
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Maharashtra Institute of Dental Sciences & Research, Latur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Private Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Georgiev K, Filipov I, Pecheva A. Biofilm reactor calibration for in vitro investigation of composite biodegradation. Folia Med (Plovdiv) 2022; 64:248-251. [DOI: 10.3897/folmed.64.e61540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The majority of biodegradation studies of composite materials use simplified models of microbial biofilm despite the apparent diversity of the oral microbiota. The use of in vitro systems of “artificial mouth” design is a step towards clarifying the synergistic effect that microbial plaque and human saliva have on composite degradation.
Aim: Establishment of functional parameters for in vitro reproduction of oral biofilms via biofilm reactor systems.
Materials and methods: The CDC Biofilm Reactor system consists of eight polypropylene sticks. The rod cover and the retaining plates are mounted in a 1-dm glass cylinder with an outlet side opening. The laboratory bioreactor has a working volume of 340 ml. The device is equipped with a four-blade magnetic stirrer. The system also includes gauging appliances and executive mechanisms for controlling and adjusting the basic parameters of the process.
Results: Determination of the operating volume of the reactor is performed prior to the experiment along with the time of reach and stabilization of the set temperature in the design which is 60 min at 120 rpm. A mathematical model is used to calculate the rate of delivery of growth medium - 11 millilitres per minute. The bioreactor is sterilized by 0.3% neomycin solution for 24 hours. Prior to the experiment the system is cleansed (via passage) with sterile water for 60 minutes.
Conclusions: The pre-calibration of a bioreactor system allows specification and refinement of its working parameters, thus engaging for accurate reproduction of the environmental conditions in the oral cavity.
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Paqué PN, Karygianni L, Kneubuehler J, Fiscalini L, Wiedemeier DB, Müller M, Attin T, Thurnheer T. Microbial approaches for the assessment of toothpaste efficacy against oral species: A method comparison. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1271. [PMID: 35478282 PMCID: PMC8924697 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial properties of toothpastes enable chemical plaque control in limited‐access tooth regions that are mechanically not sufficiently reached by toothbrushes. Therefore, this study aimed to compare different microbial methods to assess antimicrobial toothpaste properties and evaluate different toothpastes in terms of their antibacterial efficacy against different oral microorganisms in an in vitro setting. Six toothpaste suspensions with varying antibacterial supplements were applied to a multispecies biofilm model (Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus mutans) as well as to each microorganism. A culture method was used to assess the anti‐biofilm effects and two different agar diffusion assays were performed for testing the antimicrobial effect on each microorganism. The measurements of the culture and diffusion analyses were statistically normalized and compared and toothpastes were ranked according to their antimicrobial efficacy. The results of both agar diffusion assays showed a high correlation across all tested species (Spearman correlation coefficients ρs > 0.95). The results of the multispecies biofilm model, however, substantially differed in its assessment of antibacterial properties (ρs ranging from 0.22 to 0.87) compared to the results of both diffusion assays. Toothpastes with amine fluoride (with and without stannous fluoride), and toothpastes with triclosan resulted in the highest antimicrobial efficacy. Activated carbon supplements in toothpastes were comparable in their antimicrobial action to the negative control NaCl. The appropriate selection of a broad range of oral microorganisms seems crucial when testing the chemical impact of toothpaste and toothpaste supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pune N. Paqué
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel B. Wiedemeier
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Marcel Müller
- Statistical Services, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic for Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Succession of oral bacterial colonizers on dental implant materials: An in vitro biofilm model. Dent Mater 2022; 38:384-396. [PMID: 34953626 PMCID: PMC8828709 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oral bacterial adhesion on dental implant materials has been extensively studied using in vitro systems but has yielded results restricted to in vitro growth patterns due to limitations in species selection, sustained fastidious anaerobe growth, and mixed culture longevity. The aim of this study was to develop an oral bacterial biofilm model consisting of colonizers representative of the oral microbiome exhibiting temporal shifts characteristic of plaque development and maturation in vivo. METHODS Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were grown in monoculture prior to combination in mixed culture. Commercially pure titanium (cpTi) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (ZrO2) disks with polished, acid-etched, or sandblasted surfaces were prepared to evaluate oral bacterial adhesion. After 6 h, 1, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, genomic DNA from planktonic and adherent bacteria was isolated. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to enumerate the amount and proportion of each species. RESULTS Early-colonizing S. oralis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, dominated after 6 h prior to secondary colonization by F. nucleatum and V. parvula in planktonic (1 day) and sessile (3 days) form. A. naeslundii maintained relatively low but stable bacterial counts throughout testing. After 14 days, late-colonizing P. gingivalis became established in mixed culture and persisted, becoming the dominant species after 21 days. The composition of adherent bacteria across all substrates was statistically similar at all timepoints with notable exceptions including lower S. oralis bacterial counts on polished cpTi (3 days). SIGNIFICANCE Within the present model's limitations, multispecies oral bacterial attachment is similar on surface-treated cpTi and ZrO2.
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Park T, Im J, Kim AR, Lee D, Jeong S, Yun CH, Han SH. Short-chain fatty acids inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii through negative regulation of competence-stimulating peptide signaling pathway. J Microbiol 2021; 59:1142-1149. [PMID: 34865199 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-1576-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii, a Gram-positive commensal bacterium, is an opportunistic pathogen closely related to initiation and progression of various oral diseases, such as periodontitis and dental caries. Its biofilm formation is linked with the development of such diseases by enhanced resistance against antimicrobial treatment or host immunity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on the biofilm formation of S. gordonii. SCFAs, including sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), and sodium butyrate (NaB), showed an effective inhibitory activity on the biofilm formation of S. gordonii without reduction in bacterial growth. SCFAs suppressed S. gordonii biofilm formation at early time points whereas SCFAs did not affect its preformed biofilm. A quorum-sensing system mediated by competence-stimulating peptide (CSP) is known to regulate biofilm formation of streptococci. Interestingly, SCFAs substantially decreased mRNA expression of comD and comE, which are CSP-sensor and its response regulator responsible for CSP pathway, respectively. Although S. gordonii biofilm formation was enhanced by exogenous synthetic CSP treatment, such effect was not observed in the presence of SCFAs. Collectively, these results suggest that SCFAs have an anti-biofilm activity on S. gordonii through inhibiting comD and comE expression which results in negative regulation of CSP quorum-sensing system. SCFAs could be an effective anti-biofilm agent against S. gordonii for the prevention of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - A Reum Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungho Jeong
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Greenman J, Gajda I, You J, Mendis BA, Obata O, Pasternak G, Ieropoulos I. Microbial fuel cells and their electrified biofilms. Biofilm 2021; 3:100057. [PMID: 34729468 PMCID: PMC8543385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2021.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) represent a wide range of different biofilm-based bioreactors that includes microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) and microbial desalination cells (MDCs). The first described bioelectrical bioreactor is the Microbial Fuel Cell and with the exception of MDCs, it is the only type of BES that actually produces harvestable amounts of electricity, rather than requiring an electrical input to function. For these reasons, this review article, with previously unpublished supporting data, focusses primarily on MFCs. Of relevance is the architecture of these bioreactors, the type of membrane they employ (if any) for separating the chambers along with the size, as well as the geometry and material composition of the electrodes which support biofilms. Finally, the structure, properties and growth rate of the microbial biofilms colonising anodic electrodes, are of critical importance for rendering these devices, functional living 'engines' for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Greenman
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Iwona Gajda
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Jiseon You
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Buddhi Arjuna Mendis
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
| | - Oluwatosin Obata
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
| | | | - Ioannis Ieropoulos
- Bristol BioEnergy Centre, BRL, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, BS16 1QY, UK
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Borsa L, Dubois M, Sacco G, Lupi L. Analysis the Link between Periodontal Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18179312. [PMID: 34501899 PMCID: PMC8430572 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of an infectious connection from the oro-pharyngeal sphere to the brain underlines the interest in analyzing the link between periodontal disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the link between Alzheimer’s disease and periodontal disease in patients aged 65 and over. Databases (PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, and Embase) were analyzed for relevant references up to 21 June 2021. The authors independently selected the studies and extracted the data. The quality of included studies was checked using the National Institutes of Health’s quality assessment tools. Five studies were included. The selected studies described in their results an increase in F. nucleatum in Alzheimer’s disease patients (adjusted p = 0.02), and its incidence was linked to C. rectus and P. gingivalis (adjusted HR = 1.22 (1.04–1.43), p = 0.012) as well as A. naeslundii (crude HR = 2.0 (1.1–3.8)). The presence of periodontitis at baseline was associated with a six-fold increase in the rate of cognitive decline over a 6-month follow-up period (ADAS-Cog mean change = 2.9 ± 6.6). The current review suggests an association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer’s disease. The treatment of periodontal disease could be a way to explore Alzheimer’s disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Borsa
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie, Université Côte d’Azur, 06300 Nice, France; (M.D.); (L.L.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
- UPR7354–Laboratoire Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé (Micoralis), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie, Université Côte d’Azur, 06300 Nice, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Margaux Dubois
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie, Université Côte d’Azur, 06300 Nice, France; (M.D.); (L.L.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
| | - Guillaume Sacco
- Clinique Gériatrique du Cerveau et du Mouvement, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06003 Nice, France;
- Université Côte d’Azur, CoBTeK, 06100 Nice, France
- Univ Angers, Université de Nantes, LPPL, SFR CONFLUENCES, 49000 Angers, France
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie, Université Côte d’Azur, 06300 Nice, France; (M.D.); (L.L.)
- Pôle Odontologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France
- UPR7354–Laboratoire Microbiologie Orale, Immunothérapie et Santé (Micoralis), Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire-Odontologie, Université Côte d’Azur, 06300 Nice, France
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Guzmán-Soto I, McTiernan C, Gonzalez-Gomez M, Ross A, Gupta K, Suuronen EJ, Mah TF, Griffith M, Alarcon EI. Mimicking biofilm formation and development: Recent progress in in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. iScience 2021; 24:102443. [PMID: 34013169 PMCID: PMC8113887 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation in living organisms is associated to tissue and implant infections, and it has also been linked to the contribution of antibiotic resistance. Thus, understanding biofilm development and being able to mimic such processes is vital for the successful development of antibiofilm treatments and therapies. Several decades of research have contributed to building the foundation for developing in vitro and in vivo biofilm models. However, no such thing as an "all fit" in vitro or in vivo biofilm models is currently available. In this review, in addition to presenting an updated overview of biofilm formation, we critically revise recent approaches for the improvement of in vitro and in vivo biofilm models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guzmán-Soto
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Christopher McTiernan
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Mayte Gonzalez-Gomez
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Alex Ross
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Keshav Gupta
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Erik J. Suuronen
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
| | - Thien-Fah Mah
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Centre de Recherche Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département d'ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3T1J4, Canada
| | - Emilio I. Alarcon
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1Y4W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H8M5, Canada
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Afonso AC, Gomes IB, Saavedra MJ, Giaouris E, Simões LC, Simões M. Bacterial coaggregation in aquatic systems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 196:117037. [PMID: 33751976 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of a sessile community is believed to occur in a sequence of steps where genetically distinct bacteria can become attached to partner cells via specific molecules, in a process known as coaggregation. The presence of bacteria with the ability to autoaggregate and coaggregate has been described for diverse aquatic systems, particularly freshwater, drinking water, wastewater, and marine water. In these aquatic systems, coaggregation already demonstrated a role in the development of complex multispecies sessile communities, including biofilms. While specific molecular aspects on coaggregation in aquatic systems remain to be understood, clear evidence exist on the impact of this mechanism in multispecies biofilm resilience and homeostasis. The identification of bridging bacteria among coaggregating consortia has potential to improve the performance of wastewater treatment plants and/or to contribute for the development of strategies to control undesirable biofilms. This study provides a comprehensive analysis on the occurrence and role of bacterial coaggregation in diverse aquatic systems. The potential of this mechanism in water-related biotechnology is further described, with particular emphasis on the role of bridging bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Afonso
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês B Gomes
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria José Saavedra
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou 10 & Makrygianni, Myrina 81400, Lemnos, Greece
| | - Lúcia C Simões
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Simões
- LEPABE, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Modification of the Lipid Profile of the Initial Oral Biofilm In Situ Using Linseed Oil as Mouthwash. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030989. [PMID: 33808527 PMCID: PMC8003129 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are of interest for the targeted modification of oral bioadhesion processes. Therefore, the sustainable effects of linseed oil on the composition and ultrastructure of the in situ pellicle were investigated. Unlike saliva, linseed oil contains linolenic acid (18:3), which served as a marker for lipid accumulation. Individual splints with bovine enamel slabs were worn by five subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation, rinses were performed with linseed oil for 10 min, and the slabs' oral exposure was continued for up to 2 or 8 h. Gas chromatography coupled with electron impact ionization mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS) was used to characterize the fatty acid composition of the pellicle samples. Transmission electron microscopy was performed to analyze the ultrastructure. Extensive accumulation of linolenic acid was recorded in the samples of all subjects 2 h after the rinse and considerable amounts persisted after 8 h. The ultrastructure of the 2 h pellicle was less electron-dense and contained lipid vesicles when compared with controls. After 8 h, no apparent ultrastructural effects were visible. Linolenic acid is an excellent marker for the investigation of fatty acid accumulation in the pellicle. New preventive strategies could benefit from the accumulation of lipid components in the pellicle.
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Palmer KS, Makarewicz CA, Tishkin AA, Tur SS, Chunag A, Diimajav E, Jamsranjav B, Buckley M. Comparing the Use of Magnetic Beads with Ultrafiltration for Ancient Dental Calculus Proteomics. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:1689-1704. [PMID: 33596076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, proteomic analysis has greatly developed in application to the field of biomolecular archaeology, coinciding with advancements in LC-MS/MS instrumentation sensitivity and improvements in sample preparation methods. Recently, human dental calculus has received much attention for its well-preserved proteomes locked in mineralized dental plaque which stores information on human diets and the oral microbiome otherwise invisible to other biomolecular approaches. Maximizing proteome recovery in ancient dental calculus, available only in minute quantities and irreplaceable after destructive analysis, is of paramount importance. Here, we compare the more traditional ultrafiltration-based and acetone precipitation approaches with the newer paramagnetic bead approach in order to test the influence of demineralization acid on recovered proteome complexity obtained from specimens as well as the sequence coverages matched for significant proteins. We found that a protocol utilizing EDTA combined with paramagnetic beads increased proteome complexity, in some cases doubling the number of unique peptides and number of proteins matched, compared to protocols involving the use of HCl and either acetone precipitation or ultrafiltration. Although the increase in the number of proteins was almost exclusively of bacterial origin, a development that has implications for the study of diseases within these ancient populations, an increase in the peptide number for the dairy proteins β-lactoglobulin and casein was also observed reflecting an increase in sequence coverage for these dietary proteins of interest. We also consider structural explanations for the discrepancies observed between these two key dietary proteins preserved in archaeological dental calculus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karren S Palmer
- School of Natural Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
| | - Cheryl A Makarewicz
- Institute for Prehistoric and Protohistoric Archaeology, Kiel University, Johanna-Mestorf Strasse 2-6, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexey A Tishkin
- Department of Archeology, Ethnography, and Museology, Altai State University, Lenin Prospect 61, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | - Svetlana S Tur
- Department of Archeology, Ethnography, and Museology, Altai State University, Lenin Prospect 61, 656049 Barnaul, Russia
| | | | - Erdenebaatar Diimajav
- Department of Archaeology and History, Ulaanbataar State University, Luvsantseveen Street, 5th khoroo, 15th khorgoolol, Bayanzurk District 13343 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Bayarsaikhan Jamsranjav
- National Museum of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar Mongolia, Juulchin Street-1, Ulaanbaatar 13343, Mongolia
| | - Michael Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Sun F, Hung HC, Yan W, Wu K, Shimchuk AA, Gray SD, He W, Huang X, Zhang H. Inhibition of oral biofilm formation by zwitterionic nonfouling coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1418-1425. [PMID: 33538114 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of oral biofilm formation is critical to prevent and treat dental caries and periodontal diseases. In this study, we synthesized zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (pCB) based polymer as a nonfouling coating to provide anti-bacterial properties to tooth surfaces. Four catechol derived l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) groups were conjugated to pCB to serve as a surface anchoring group. The pCB-(DOPA)4 polymer was coated on the hydroxyapatite (HA) and enamel samples by simple immersion and characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The nonfouling effectiveness of the pCB based coating was determined by protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion assays. The coating was transparent on sample surfaces. The protein adsorption was significantly reduced to 8.2% and 6.9%, respectively, on pCB-(DOPA)4 coated HA and enamel samples. The pCB-(DOPA)4 -coated samples also demonstrated significantly fewer adhered Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutants compared to the control. This novel coating material provides an innovative approach to resist biofilm formation on tooth surfaces and has great potential in future dental clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Sun
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hsiang-Chieh Hung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Weishi Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kan Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andy A Shimchuk
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sterling D Gray
- School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Wei He
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,The Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuelian Huang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Tektas S, Thurnheer T, Eliades T, Attin T, Karygianni L. Initial Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Aligner Materials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9120908. [PMID: 33333723 PMCID: PMC7765154 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9120908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the initial bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on different aligner materials. A total of four different aligner materials, CA-medium (CAM), copolyester (COP), Duran (DUR), Erkodur (ERK), were tested. Stimulated human saliva was obtained from six healthy volunteers. Salivary bacteria were harvested by centrifugation, and 1 mL of the salivary suspension was injected onto each sample surface for 2 h and 3 days, respectively. The samples were then washed twice with 5 mL 0.9% NaCl solution, and non-adherent bacteria were removed. The adherent microorganisms were dislodged from the sample surfaces after ultrasonication for 4 min in 1 mL 0.9% NaCl on ice. After the incubation of the adherent salivary bacteria under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions on Columbia blood agar plates at 37 °C and 5% CO2 and in anaerobic jars overnight, several dilutions thereof were used for the determination of CFUs. This protocol was applied three times, obtaining an average of nine independent measurements for each material group. Overall, the differences between the tested aligner materials as well as between the materials and controls were not of statistical significance (p > 0.05). Regarding initial bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, the tested aligner materials are comparable to enamel and metal orthodontic brackets and can be therefore considered for clinical use. The four tested aligner materials CAM, COP, DUR, ERK showed no significant differences in initial microbial attachment and biofilm formation of aerobic and anaerobic species compared to enamel and conventional brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Tektas
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.T.); (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Thurnheer
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Theodore Eliades
- Clinic of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (S.T.); (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.); (T.A.)
| | - Lamprini Karygianni
- Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; (T.T.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-3275
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Sueishi N, Ohshima T, Oikawa T, Takemura H, Kasai M, Kitano K, Maeda N, Nakamura Y. Plaque-removal effect of ultrafine bubble water: Oral application in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Dent Mater J 2020; 40:272-278. [PMID: 33055432 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
During orthodontic treatment, plaque tends to form around fixed orthodontic appliances, which increases the risk of dental caries. It has been reported that ultarafine bubble with a diameter <1 μm water (UFBW) effectively removes organic matter. In addition, UFBW is harmless and stable for at least one month with refrigeration. The aim of this study was to examine the plaque-removal effect of ultrafine bubble water (UFBW) to establish a new method to prevent dental caries in patients during orthodontic treatment procedures. The in vitro study examined different concentrations of UFBW and compared the cleaning effect to that of existing mouthwashes. High-concentration UFBW (HUFBW) was most effective in cleaning. In the subsequent clinical study, HUFBW showed a significantly higher plaque-removal effect compared to distilled water (p<0.01). Thus, supplementary use of HUFBW could decrease the incidence of dental caries during orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Sueishi
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Tomoko Ohshima
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Takashi Oikawa
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Takemura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Mai Kasai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Katsuhisa Kitano
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine.,Center for Atomic and Molecular Technologies, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
| | - Yoshiki Nakamura
- Department of Orthodontics, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine
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Liu Y, Liu P, Wang L, Shi Y, Chen J, Wang H, Zhang X. Inhibitory effects of citrus lemon oil and limonene on Streptococcus sobrinus – Induced dental caries in rats. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xi Q, Hoth-Hannig W, Deng S, Jin X, Fu B, Hannig M. The effect of polyphenol-containing solutions on in situ biofilm formation on enamel and dentin. J Dent 2020; 102:103482. [PMID: 32980427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of Chinese gallnut extracts and pure tannic acid on in situ biofilm formation on enamel and dentin samples over 24 h. METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin samples were buccally fixed on maxillary splints. Six volunteers wore the splints for 24 h, and rinsed their mouths with tap water (control), 1% tannic acid- and 1% Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solution twice a day, 3 min after the splints were placed in the mouth and before night sleep. Live/dead staining was used for fluorescence microscopic (FM) visualization and quantification of bacteria viability of biofilms formed on enamel and dentin samples. Biofilm coverage was evaluated and recorded by FM and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, biofilms were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze biofilm data. RESULTS Rinsing with tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions significantly reduced in situ biofilm coverage on enamel and dentin samples (P < 0.05). The bacterial viability of biofilms formed on enamel samples was significantly reduced compared to the control (P < 0.05). TEM analysis revealed an increase in pellicle's electron density and thickness and only few or no bacteria adherent to the pellicle in the experimental samples. CONCLUSIONS Rinsing with tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions can effectively inhibit in situ biofilm formation, modify the ultrastructure of biofilms on enamel and dentin surfaces and significantly reduce the bacterial viability of biofilm on enamel surfaces. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Tannic acid- and Chinese gallnut extracts-containing solutions might be used for dental biofilm management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Xi
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China; Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hoth-Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Shuli Deng
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Jin
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baiping Fu
- The Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yan'an Road 395, 310006, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Kaixuan Road 268, 310020, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Matthias Hannig
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Building 73, Saarland University, D-66421, Homburg, Germany.
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In vitro comparison of biofilm formation and acidogenicity between human breast milk and other milk formulas. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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38
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Ohsumi T, Takenaka S, Sakaue Y, Suzuki Y, Nagata R, Hasegawa T, Ohshima H, Terao Y, Noiri Y. Adjunct use of mouth rinses with a sonic toothbrush accelerates the detachment of a Streptococcus mutans biofilm: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2020; 20:161. [PMID: 32493283 PMCID: PMC7268619 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the possible enhancement of the biofilm peeling effect of a sonic toothbrush following the use of an antimicrobial mouth rinse. METHODS The biofilm at a noncontact site in the interdental area was treated by sound wave convection with the test solution or by immersion in the solution. The biofilm peeling effect was evaluated by determining the bacterial counts and performing morphological observations. A Streptococcus mutans biofilm was allowed to develop on composite resin discs by cultivation with stirring at 50 rpm for 72 h. The specimens were then placed in recesses located between plastic teeth and divided into an immersion group and a combination group. The immersion group was treated with phosphate buffer, chlorhexidine digluconate Peridex™ (CHX) mouth rinse or Listerine® Fresh Mint (EO) mouth rinse. The combination group was treated with CHX or EO and a sonic toothbrush. RESULTS The biofilm thickness was reduced by approximately one-half compared with the control group. The combination treatment produced a 1 log reduction in the number of bacteria compared to the EO immersion treatment. No significant difference was observed in the biofilm peeling effect of the immersion group compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of a sonic toothbrush and a mouth rinse enhanced the peeling of the biofilm that proliferates in places that are difficult to reach using mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Ohsumi
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan.
| | - Shoji Takenaka
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yuuki Sakaue
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Yuki Suzuki
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Ryoko Nagata
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Taisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Hayato Ohshima
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yutaka Terao
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 5274, Gakkocho-dori 2-Bancho, Chuo-ku, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
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Xie Y, Zhang M, Zhang W, Liu X, Zheng W, Jiang X. Gold Nanoclusters-Coated Orthodontic Devices Can Inhibit the Formation of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1239-1246. [PMID: 33464842 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oral health is an issue that has attracted increasing attention recently. Poor oral hygiene may induce the formation of oral biofilm on orthodontic devices, and cause gingivitis and dental caries. Here, we present a strategy for modifying orthodontic devices (e.g., invisalign aligner) with quaternary ammonium (QA)-modified gold nanoclusters (QA-GNCs) as an antibiotic reagent to prevent bacterial contamination and biofilm formation. The QA-GNCs-coated aligner can efficiently inhibit the adhesion of cariogenic pathogenic Streptococcus mutans and the formation of biofilm. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of the coated QA-GNCs can be maintained for at least 3 months and after repeated usage (>3 cycles). Furthermore, the QA-GNCs coating shows excellent biosafety confirmed by the cell viability test, the hemolysis assay, and animal experiments. Our strategy for antibacterial coating has the advantages of broad applications, low cost, good stability, high antibacterial efficiency, good biocompatibility, and low risk of antibiotic contamination, which could be particularly useful in preventing infections involving implantable medical devices or wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhouyun Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Peking University School of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomo Liu
- Peking University School of Stomatology, No. 22, Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088 Xueyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology and CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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Yang Y, Zheng M, Yang Y, Li J, Su YF, Li HP, Tan JG. Inhibition of bacterial growth on zirconia abutment with a helium cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:1465-1477. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-03179-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu S, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhou X, Peng X, Ren B, Li M, Cheng L. Effect of Veillonella parvula on the physiological activity of Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 109:104578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tan OL, Safii SH, Razali M. Commercial Local Pharmacotherapeutics and Adjunctive Agents for Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Contemporary Review of Clinical Efficacies and Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 9:E11. [PMID: 31905889 PMCID: PMC7169417 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal infections tend to be site-specific, mostly confined to the periodontal pocket. With the surge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the trend is shifting towards other therapeutic modalities, especially locally delivered approaches that include other pharmacotherapeutic drugs and medical devices. This narrative review aimed to provide insights into the clinical efficacy of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents used in nonsurgical management of periodontitis. Electronic (PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE) and bibliographic searches of past systematic reviews were carried out to identify previous publications on the topic. Only relevant literature and randomized controlled trials published in English were selected. In addition, a literature review was developed based on the selected articles. Experimental drugs or agents were excluded. This review highlights the clinically proven and commercially available therapeutic agents related to the management of periodontal disease with comparisons of their clinical efficacies and challenges. A vast array of commercial local pharmacotherapeutic agents had been clinically tested, but the methodologies and clinical results varied within and between each agent used, causing difficulty in drawing conclusions and providing support to the superiority of one agent over another. Considering the benefit-cost ratio with the modest clinical results, the long-term usefulness of these agents remains debatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oi Leng Tan
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Syarida Hasnur Safii
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
| | - Masfueh Razali
- Faculty of Dentistry, Centre for Restorative Dentistry, Unit of Periodontology, National University of Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
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Hu D, Li X, Liu H, Mateo LR, Sabharwal A, Xu G, Szewczyk G, Ryan M, Zhang YP. Evaluation of a stabilized stannous fluoride dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in a randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:S32-S37. [PMID: 30797257 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to compare a stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice (Colgate TotalSF) stabilized with zinc phosphate with a sodium fluoride control dentifrice for gingivitis and plaque control over a 6-month period. METHODS One hundred adult participants were enrolled in this study conducted in Chengdu, China. After random assignment and blinding of examiners and patients, enrolled participants received instructions for use of the assigned dentifrice. At 3 visits (baseline and 3 and 6 months), the authors measured various gingival and plaque indexes to determine the clinical efficacy of the stabilized SnF2 dentifrice compared with those of the control fluoride dentifrice (2 groups). RESULTS Ninety-eight participants completed the study. Both groups (test and control) had statistically significant reductions in gingival inflammation and improvement in plaque control at the 3- and 6-month follow-ups. In addition, the test dentifrice showed statistically significant reductions in all indexes compared with the control dentifrice (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This study's results show statistically significantly improved clinical outcomes for reduction of gingival inflammation and improvement in biofilm control over a 6-month period through the use of a SnF2 dentifrice stabilized with zinc phosphate when compared with results with a fluoride control dentifrice. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS This newly formulated dentifrice improves gingival health and plaque control and thereby may aid patients in attaining improved oral health.
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Slomka V, Herrero ER, Boon N, Bernaerts K, Trivedi HM, Daep C, Quirynen M, Teughels W. Oral prebiotics and the influence of environmental conditions in vitro. J Periodontol 2019; 89:708-717. [PMID: 29577296 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only recently the concept of prebiotics has been introduced in oral health. Few potential oral prebiotics have already been identified in dual species competition assays, showing a stimulatory effect on beneficial bacteria and by this suppressing the outgrowth of pathogenic species. This study aimed to validate the effect of previously identified potential prebiotic substrates on multispecies cultures by shifting the biofilm composition towards a more beneficial species dominated microbiota. METHODS A chemostat culture containing 14 model oral bacterial species was used to grow biofilms for 24 hours which subsequently were treated with prebiotic solutions three times a day for 3 consecutive days. Further the influence of environmental factors such as pH, nutrient availability, oxygen concentration and prebiotic dose on the efficacy of the prebiotic substances was investigated. RESULTS Three potential prebiotic substrates N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, succinic acid and Met-Pro were able to bring the beneficial proportion to > 95%. While the pH of the prebiotic solution did not have an influence on the prebiotic effect, the interplay of nutrient availability, oxygen concentration and prebiotic treatment resulted in significant changes of the microbial composition identifying N-acetyl-D-mannosamine as the most promising oral prebiotic substrate. Showing a clear dose dependent effect, concentrations of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine of 1.0 and 1.5 M resulted in a biofilm composition of 97% beneficial species. CONCLUSION Introducing the prebiotic concept in oral health might reveal a valid approach for treatment and prevention of oral diseases and promote oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Slomka
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Esteban Rodriguez Herrero
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nico Boon
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - Kristel Bernaerts
- Bio- and Chemical Systems Technology, Reactor Engineering and Safety Section, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F (bus 2424), 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Carlo Daep
- Colgate-Palmolive Technology Center, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Marc Quirynen
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Antibacterial efficacy of cold atmospheric plasma against Enterococcus faecalis planktonic cultures and biofilms in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223925. [PMID: 31770390 PMCID: PMC6879142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections have become a serious threat in our times and are getting more difficult to handle due to increasing development of resistances in bacteria. In this light, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), which is known to effectively inactivate microorganisms, may be a promising alternative for application in the fields of dentistry and dermatology. CAPs are partly ionised gases, which operate at low temperature and are composed of electrons, ions, excited atoms and molecules, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this study, the effect of CAP generated from ambient air was investigated against Enterococcus faecalis, grown on agar plates or as biofilms cultured for up to 72 h. CAP reduced the colony forming units (CFU) on agar plates by > 7 log10 steps. Treatment of 24 h old biofilms of E. faecalis resulted in CFU-reductions by ≥ 3 log10 steps after CAP treatment for 5 min and by ≥ 5 log10 steps after CAP treatment for 10 min. In biofilm experiments, chlorhexidine (CHX) and UVC radiation served as positive controls and were only slightly more effective than CAP. There was no damage of cytoplasmic membranes upon CAP treatment as shown by spectrometric measurements for release of nucleic acids. Thus, membrane damage seems not to be the primary mechanism of action for CAP towards E. faecalis. Overall, CAP showed pronounced antimicrobial efficacy against E. faecalis on agar plates as well as in biofilms similar to positive controls CHX or UVC.
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46
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Doucède G, Dehaynin-Toulet E, Kacet L, Jollant B, Tholliez S, Deruelle P, Subtil D. [Tooth and pregnancy, a public health issue]. Presse Med 2019; 48:1043-1050. [PMID: 31706894 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2019.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is a particularly risky moment for periodontal and oral healthcare. The main diseases encountered are the development or worsening of carious lesions and gestational periodontal diseases such as gingivitis, epulis or gestational periodontitis. There is a lack of knowledge from health professionals and their patients, firstly on the link between poor oral hygiene and the impact on pregnancy, and secondly on the feasibility of oral care during pregnancy. There is a link between periodontal diseases and the increase of premature delivery risk, child with low birth weight and pre-eclampsia. Periodontal care during pregnancy would lower this risk. However, no link has been highlighted to date between oral care provided during pregnancy and the reduction of premature delivery or even of pre-eclampsia. Loco-regional anaesthesia and taking x-ray images-even dental panoramic radiography-are not contraindicated for pregnant women. All periodontal and oral care can be performed during pregnancy, at all gestational ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Doucède
- University Lille 2, CHRU Lille, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, clinique d'obstétrique, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Emilie Dehaynin-Toulet
- University Lille 2, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, département d'odontologie pédiatrique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Laura Kacet
- University Lille 2, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, département d'odontologie pédiatrique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Barthélemy Jollant
- University Lille 2, faculté de chirurgie dentaire, département d'odontologie pédiatrique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Sophie Tholliez
- University Lille 2, faculté de médecine Henri-Warembourg, département de médecine générale, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- University Lille 2, CHRU Lille, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, clinique d'obstétrique, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Damien Subtil
- University Lille 2, CHRU Lille, hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, clinique d'obstétrique, 59000 Lille, France
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Abdullah N, Al-Marzooq F, Mohamad S, Abd Rahman N, Chi Ngo H, Perera Samaranayake L. Intraoral appliances for in situ oral biofilm growth: a systematic review. J Oral Microbiol 2019; 11:1647757. [PMID: 31489127 PMCID: PMC6713217 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2019.1647757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral biofilms are the root cause of major oral diseases. As in vitro biofilms are not representative of the intraoral milieu, various devices have been manufactured over the years to develop Appliance Grown Oral Biofilm (AGOB). Objective: To review various intraoral appliances used to develop AGOB for microbiological analysis, and to judge the optimal means for such analyses. Design: Four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and Medline) were searched by two independent reviewers, and articles featuring the key words 'device' OR 'splint' OR 'appliance'; 'Oral biofilm' OR 'dental plaque'; 'in vivo' OR 'in situ'; 'Microbiology' OR 'Bacteria' OR 'microbiome'; were included. The standard Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) were adopted for data gathering. Results: Of the 517 articles which met the initial inclusion criteria, 24 were deemed eligible for review. The age of the AGOB, sampled at various intervals, ranged from 30 min to 28 days. The most commonly used microbiome analytical methods were fluorescence microscopy, total cell count using conventional, and molecular tools including Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platforms. Conclusions: No uniformly superior method for collecting AGOB could be discerned. NGS platforms are preferable for AGOB analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nizam Abdullah
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Farah Al-Marzooq
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Suharni Mohamad
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
| | - Hien Chi Ngo
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Lakshman Perera Samaranayake
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.,Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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48
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Morse DJ, Smith A, Wilson MJ, Marsh L, White L, Posso R, Bradshaw DJ, Wei X, Lewis MAO, Williams DW. Molecular community profiling of the bacterial microbiota associated with denture-related stomatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10228. [PMID: 31308427 PMCID: PMC6629705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46494-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Denture-associated stomatitis (DS) affects over two-thirds of denture-wearers. DS presents as erythema of the palatal mucosa in areas where denture-surface associated polymicrobial biofilms containing the fungus Candida albicans exist. The contribution of the oral bacterial microbiota toward the infection is unknown. Therefore, this study characterised the bacterial microbiota of sites within the oral cavity to identify potential associations with occurrence of DS. Denture-wearing patients were recruited (denture stomatitis (DS) n = 8; non-denture stomatitis (NoDS) n = 11) and the oral bacterial microbiota of the tongue, palate and denture-fitting surface was characterised using next-generation sequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified to bacterial genera and species, and presence/absence and relative abundances were examined. A significant (P = 0.007) decrease in the number of OTUs and thus, diversity of the microbiota was observed in tongue samples of DS patients (vs non-DS). The microbiota of denture-fitting surfaces and palatal mucosae were similar. Large differences in the abundance of bacterial genera and species were observed at each sample site, and unique presence/absence of bacteria was noted. Presence/absence and relative abundance of specific bacteria associated with DS warrants further in vitro and in vivo evaluation, particularly as our previous work has shown C. albicans virulence factor modulation by oral bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Morse
- Microbiomes, Microbes and Informatics Group, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Ann Smith
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melanie J Wilson
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucy Marsh
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lewis White
- UKCMN Regional Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | - Raquel Posso
- UKCMN Regional Mycology Reference Laboratory, Public Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Xiaoqing Wei
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Michael A O Lewis
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David W Williams
- Oral and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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49
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Esteban‐Fernández A, Ferrer MD, Zorraquín‐Peña I, López‐López A, Moreno‐Arribas MV, Mira A. In vitro beneficial effects of
Streptococcus dentisani
as potential oral probiotic for periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1346-1355. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaida Esteban‐Fernández
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Maria D. Ferrer
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
| | - Irene Zorraquín‐Peña
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Arantxa López‐López
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
| | - M. Victoria Moreno‐Arribas
- Department of Biotechnology and MicrobiologyInstitute of Food Science Research (CIAL)CSIC‐UAM Madrid Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and GenomicsCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthFISABIO Foundation Valencia Spain
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50
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Hill G, Dehn C, Hinze AV, Frentzen M, Meister J. Indocyanine green-based adjunctive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for treating chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 26:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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