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Nagy A, Börzsei D, Hoffmann A, Török S, Veszelka M, Almási N, Varga C, Szabó R. A Comprehensive Overview on Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Insights into the Underlying Inflammatory and Oxidative Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0. [PMID: 38492161 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
While oncotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years, side effects of anti-cancer drugs and treatments have also come to the fore. These side effects include cardiotoxicity, which can cause irreversible cardiac damages with long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the continuous in-depth research on anti-cancer drugs, an improved knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are necessary for early detection and management of cardiac risk. Although most reviews focus on the cardiotoxic effect of a specific individual chemotherapeutic agent, the aim of our review is to provide comprehensive insight into various agents that induced cardiotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms. Characterization of these mechanisms are underpinned by research on animal models and clinical studies. In order to gain insight into these complex mechanisms, we emphasize the role of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress on chemotherapy-induced cardiac changes. A better understanding and identification of the interplay between chemotherapy and inflammatory/oxidative processes hold some promise to prevent or at least mitigate cardiotoxicity-associated morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Nagy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Almási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Ang SP, Chia JE, Jaiswal V, Hanif M, Iglesias J. Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1212. [PMID: 38592030 PMCID: PMC10931846 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both acute and chronic heart failure. Recent studies showed that the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) could be related to adverse outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. We sought to evaluate whether NLR could predict mortality in patients with acute heart failure by means of a meta-analysis. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases through January 2023 for studies evaluating the association of NLR with mortality in patients with acute heart failure. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality and long-term all-cause mortality. Endpoints were pooled using a random-effects DerSimonian-and-Laird model and were expressed as a hazard ratio (HR) or mean difference (MD) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 15 studies with 15,995 patients with acute heart failure were included in the final study. Stratifying patients based on a cut-off NLR, we found that high NLR was associated with a significantly higher in-hospital mortality [HR 1.54, 95% CI (1.18-2.00), p < 0.001] and long-term all-cause mortality [HR 1.61, 95% CI (1.40-1.86), p < 0.001] compared to the low-NLR group. Comparing the highest against the lowest NLR quartile, it was shown that patients in the highest NLR quartile has a significantly heightened risk of long-term all-cause mortality [HR 1.77, 95% CI (1.38-2.26), p < 0.001] compared to that of lowest NLR quartile. However, the risks of in-hospital mortality were compared between both quartiles of patients [HR 1.78, 95% CI (0.91-3.47), p = 0.09]. Lastly, NLR values were significantly elevated among non-survivors compared to survivors during index hospitalization [MD 5.07, 95% CI (3.34-6.80), p < 0.001] and during the follow-up period [MD 1.06, 95% CI (0.54-1.57), p < 0.001]. Conclusions: Elevated NLR was associated with an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality and could be a useful tool or incorporated in the risk stratification in patients with acute heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Peng Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA;
| | - Jia Ee Chia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA;
| | - Vikash Jaiswal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL 33143, USA;
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Internal Medicine, Suny Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | - Jose Iglesias
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
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Vural A, Aydın E. The Predictive Value of Eosinophil Indices for Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Acute Decompensated HFrEF. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:1455. [PMID: 36295615 PMCID: PMC9611138 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Heart failure is a chronic disease with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. In these patients, inflammatory markers have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular adverse outcomes and disease progression. To investigate the relationships between eosinophil indices and major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Materials and Methods: A total of 395 consecutive patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with ADHF and reduced ejection fraction between January 2017 and December 2021 were enrolled in this retrospective study. MACE was defined as the composite of death and re-hospitalization for ADHF within 6 months of index hospitalization. All-cause mortality and MACE were assessed with respect to relationships with eosinophil indices, including neutrophil-to-eosinophil ratio (NER), leukocyte-to-eosinophil ratio (LER), eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR), and eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR). Results: NER and LER were significantly higher in subjects with MACE. Absolute eosinophil, lymphocyte and basophil count, hemoglobin, serum Na+, albumin, and CRP, and EMR and ELR were significantly lower in subjects with MACE compared to those without. NT-proBNP (OR: 1.682, 95% CI: 1.106−2.312, p = 0.001), Na+ (OR: 0.932, 95% CI: 0.897−0.969, p < 0.001), NER (OR: 2.740, 95 % CI: 1.797−4.177, p < 0.001), LER (OR: 2.705, 95% CI: 1.752−4.176, p < 0.001), EMR (OR:1.654, 95% CI 1.123−2.436, p = 0.011), ELR (OR: 2.112, 95% CI 1.424−3.134, p < 0.001), and eosinophil count (OR: 1.833, 95% CI 1.276−2.635) were independent predictors for development of MACE. Conclusions: Patients with ADHF and reduced ejection fraction who developed MACE within the first six months of index hospitalization had lower levels of absolute eosinophil and lymphocyte counts, and EMR and ELR values, whereas NER and LER were higher compared to those without MACE. The eosinophil indices were independently associated with mortality and MACE development. The eosinophil indices may be used to estimate MACE likelihood with acceptable sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Vural
- Clinic of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Giresun University, Giresun 28200, Turkey
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The Value of SII in Predicting the Mortality of Patients with Heart Failure. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3455372. [PMID: 35634435 PMCID: PMC9135558 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3455372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background The main purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of the systemic immune inflammation index (SII), a novel clinical marker, in heart failure (HF) patients. Methods Critically ill patients with HF were identified from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. Patients were divided into three groups according to tertiles of SII (group 1, group 2, group 3). We used Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models to evaluate the association between the SII and all-cause mortality in HF. Subgroup analysis was used to verify the predictive effect of the SII on mortality. Results This study included 9107 patients with a diagnosis of HF from the MIMIC III database. After 30, 60, 180, and 365 days of follow-up, 25.60%, 32.10%, 41.30%, and 47.50% of the patients in group 3 had died. Using the Kaplan-Meier curve, we observed that patients with higher SII values had a shorter survival time (log rank p < 0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for all possible confounders and indicated that the higher SII group had a higher mortality (30-day: HR = 1.304, 95%CI = 1.161 − 1.465, 60-day: HR = 1.266, 95% CI = 1.120 − 1.418, 180-day: HR = 1.274, 95%CI = 1.163 − 1.395, and 365-day: HR = 1.255, 95%CI = 1.155 − 1.364). Conclusions SII values could be used as a predictor of prognosis in critically ill patients with HF.
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Evers MJW, Du W, Yang Q, Kooijmans SAA, Vink A, van Steenbergen M, Vader P, de Jager SCA, Fuchs SA, Mastrobattista E, Sluijter JPG, Lei Z, Schiffelers R. Delivery of modified mRNA to damaged myocardium by systemic administration of lipid nanoparticles. J Control Release 2022; 343:207-216. [PMID: 35077739 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising drug delivery vehicle for clinical siRNA delivery. Modified mRNA (modRNA) has recently gained great attention as a therapeutic molecule in cardiac regeneration. However, for mRNA to be functional, it must first reach the diseased myocardium, enter the target cell, escape from the endosomal compartment into the cytosol and be translated into a functional protein. However, it is unknown if LNPs can effectively deliver mRNA, which is much larger than siRNA, to the ischemic myocardium. Here, we evaluated the ability of LNPs to deliver mRNA to the myocardium upon ischemia-reperfusion injury functionally. By exploring the bio-distribution of fluorescently labeled LNPs, we observed that, upon reperfusion, LNPs accumulated in the infarct area of the heart. Subsequently, the functional delivery of modRNA was evaluated by the administration of firefly luciferase encoding modRNA. Concomitantly, a significant increase in firefly luciferase expression was observed in the heart upon myocardial reperfusion when compared to sham-operated animals. To characterize the targeted cells within the myocardium, we injected LNPs loaded with Cre modRNA into Cre-reporter mice. Upon LNP infusion, Tdtomato+ cells, derived from Cre mediated recombination, were observed in the infarct region as well as the epicardial layer upon LNP infusion. Within the infarct area, most targeted cells were cardiac fibroblasts but also some cardiomyocytes and macrophages were found. Although the expression levels were low compared to LNP-modRNA delivery into the liver, our data show the ability of LNPs to functionally deliver modRNA therapeutics to the damaged myocardium, which holds great promise for modRNA-based cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjuan Du
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, PR China
| | | | | | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mies van Steenbergen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine A Fuchs
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative medicine Centre, UMC Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Zhiyong Lei
- CDL Research, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Circulatory Health Laboratory, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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The Role of Chemokines in Cardiovascular Diseases and the Therapeutic Effect of Curcumin on CXCL8 and CCL2 as Pathological Chemokines in Atherosclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:155-170. [PMID: 34981477 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin, as a vegetative flavonoid, has a protective and therapeutic role in various adverse states such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Remedial properties of this component have been reported in the different chronic diseases including cancers (myeloma, pancreatic, breast, colorectal), vitiligo, psoriasis, neuropathic pains, inflammatory disorders (osteoarthritis, uveitis, ulcerative colitis, Alzheimer), cardiovascular conditions, and diabetes.Cardiovascular disorders include atherosclerosis and various manifestations of atherosclerosis such as stroke, and myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of mortality globally. Studies have shown varying expressions of inflammatory and non-inflammatory chemokines and chemokine receptors in cardiovascular disease, which have been highlighted first in this review. The alteration in chemokines secretion and chemokine receptors has an essential role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease. Chemokines as cytokines with low molecular weight (8-12 kDa) mediate white blood cell (WBC) chemotactic reactions, vascular cell migration, and proliferation that induce endothelial dysfunction, atherogenesis, and cardiac hypertrophy.Several studies reported that curcumin could be advantageous in the attenuation of cardiovascular diseases via anti-inflammatory effects and redress of chemokine secretion and chemokine receptors. We present these studies with a focus on two chemokines: CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL2 (chemoattractant protein 1 or MCP-1). Future research will further elucidate the precise potential of curcumin on chemokines in the adjustment of cardiovascular system activity or curcumin chemokine-based therapies.
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Holt MF, Michelsen AE, Shahini N, Bjørkelund E, Bendz CH, Massey RJ, Schjalm C, Halvorsen B, Broch K, Ueland T, Gullestad L, Nilsson PH, Aukrust P, Mollnes TE, Louwe MC. The Alternative Complement Pathway Is Activated Without a Corresponding Terminal Pathway Activation in Patients With Heart Failure. Front Immunol 2021; 12:800978. [PMID: 35003128 PMCID: PMC8738166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.800978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Dysregulation of the complement system has been described in patients with heart failure (HF). However, data on the alternative pathway are scarce and it is unknown if levels of factor B (FB) and the C3 convertase C3bBbP are elevated in these patients. We hypothesized that plasma levels of FB and C3bBbP would be associated with disease severity and survival in patients with HF. Methods We analyzed plasma levels of FB, C3bBbP, and terminal C5b-9 complement complex (TCC) in 343 HF patients and 27 healthy controls. Results Compared with controls, patients with HF had elevated levels of circulating FB (1.6-fold, p < 0.001) and C3bBbP (1.3-fold, p < 0.001). In contrast, TCC, reflecting the terminal pathway, was not significantly increased (p = 0.15 vs controls). FB was associated with NT-proBNP, troponin, eGFR, and i.e., C-reactive protein. FB, C3bBbP and TCC were not associated with mortality in HF during a mean follow up of 4.3 years. Conclusion Our findings suggest that in patients with HF, the alternative pathway is activated. However, this is not accompanied by activation of the terminal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margrethe Flesvig Holt
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Annika E. Michelsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Negar Shahini
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Bjørkelund
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Holt Bendz
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Richard J. Massey
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Camilla Schjalm
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Broch
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research Center, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Cardiac Research Center, Center for Heart Failure Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Per H. Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, K. G. Jebsen Thrombosis Research Center, University of Tromsø – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mieke C. Louwe
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Momtaz S, Roufogalis B, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. Ginger: A complementary approach for management of cardiovascular diseases. Biofactors 2021; 47:933-951. [PMID: 34388275 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Inflammation and oxidative stress play critical roles in progression of various types of CVD. Broad pharmacological properties of ginger (the rhizome of Zingiber officinale) and its bioactive components have been reported, suggesting that they can be a therapeutic choice for clinical use. Consistent with its rich phenolic content, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of ginger have been confirmed in many studies. Ginger modifies many cellular processes and in particular was shown to have potent inhibitory effects against nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); signal transducer and activator of transcription; NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing proteins; toll-like receptors; mitogen-activated protein kinase; and mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways. Ginger also blocks pro-inflammatory cytokines and the activation of the immune system. Ginger suppresses the activity of oxidative molecules such as reactive oxygen species, inducible nitric oxide synthase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, heme oxygenase, and GSH-Px. In this report, we summarize the biochemical pathologies underpinning a variety of CVDs and the effects of ginger and its bioactive components, including 6-shogaol, 6-gingerol, and 10-dehydrogingerdione. The properties of ginger and its phenolic components, mechanism of action, biological functions, side effects, and methods for enhanced cell delivery are also discussed. Together with preclinical and clinical studies, the positive biological effects of ginger and its bioactive components in CVD support the undertaking of further in vivo and especially clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Disease Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basil Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Westmead, Australia
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
- Toxicology and Disease Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group, Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Zhi H, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Yan B, Li Z, Wu W, Feng Z, Lei M, Long H, Hou J, Guo D, Wu W. Restoring perturbed oxylipins with Danqi Tongmai Tablet attenuates acute myocardial infarction. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 90:153616. [PMID: 34252738 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acids have a special synergic effect on panax notoginsenosides in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and have been developed into a new drug as Danqi Tongmai Tablet (DQTT). To explore candidate targets and mechanisms of DQTT on AMI, a network pharmacology-based analysis was performed on absorbed prototype compounds of DQTT in rat plasma. Target prediction from network analysis indicated that the arachidonic acid pathway might contribute to the therapeutic effects of DQTT on AMI, and the regulatory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LOX) were validated using an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. To further explore the action mechanisms of DQTT, 38 oxylipins were quantitatively analyzed among high, medium, and low doses of DQTT using a rat AMI model with an ultra high performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ/MS) detection system. As attenuation was observed in AMI with DQTT treatment, the perturbed arachidonic acid metabolome was partly restored in a dose-dependent fashion with a significant elevation of anti-inflammatory metabolites, while pro-inflammatory lipids were decreased. Cytokine array analysis also supported the anti-inflammatory effects of DQTT, as significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed. The analysis of ischemic heart tissues demonstrated that COX and LOX, the inflammation-induced catalytic enzymes of arachidonic acid metabolism, were inhibited on both gene expression and protein level. These results confirmed that DQTT could restore the arachidonic acid metabolome to maintain an anti-inflammatory profile against the ischemic tissue injury and support that DQTT can be a promising medicinal therapy against AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Zhi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zijia Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingpeng Yan
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyong Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijing Feng
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Lei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huali Long
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinjun Hou
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Dean Guo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Wanying Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Laboratory for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuanquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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10
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Druzhaeva N, Nemec Svete A, Ihan A, Pohar K, Domanjko Petrič A. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subtypes in dogs with different stages of myxomatous mitral valve disease. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:2112-2122. [PMID: 34236111 PMCID: PMC8478039 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Data on alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subtypes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) is lacking. Objectives To investigate PBL subtypes and their correlation with parameters of inflammation and MMVD progression markers in dogs with different stages of MMVD. Animals Seventy‐eight client‐owned dogs: 65 with MMVD (American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine [ACVIM] classification stages B2, C, and D) and 13 healthy controls. Methods Prospective cross‐sectional study. Complete cardiac assessment, flow cytometry (T lymphocytes [CD3+], their subtypes [CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD4+CD8+, CD3+CD4−CD8−], and B lymphocytes [CD45+CD21+]) and measurement of N‐terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, cardiac troponin I, and C‐reactive protein concentrations were performed. Results The percentage of CD3+CD4+ lymphocytes was significantly lower in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .003), the percentage of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes was significantly higher in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .01), CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte concentration was significantly higher in unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .05), and the CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ ratio was significantly lower in stable ACVIM C patients (P = .01) and unstable ACVIM C and D patients (P = .01) compared with healthy controls. Conclusions and Clinical Importance The percentages of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ PBL and CD4+/CD8+ ratio were altered in MMVD dogs with congestive heart failure (ACVIM C, D), but not in ACVIM B2, suggesting involvement of these PBL subtypes in the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure in dogs with MMVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Druzhaeva
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alojz Ihan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katka Pohar
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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11
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Bai L, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Zhang M, Cai Z, Yung KKL, Dong C, Li R. Ambient air PM 2.5 exposure induces heart injury and cardiac hypertrophy in rats through regulation of miR-208a/b, α/β-MHC, and GATA4. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:103653. [PMID: 33812011 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) may increase cardiovascular disease risks. In this study, we investigated the miR-208/GATA4/myosin heavy chain (MHC) regulation mechanisms on cardiac injury in rats after PM2.5 exposure via an animal inhalation device. The results showed that PM2.5 exposure for 2 months caused pathological heart injury, reduced nucleus-cytoplasm ratio, and increased the levels of CK-MB and cTnI, showing cardiac hypertrophy. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses were also observed in rats' hearts exposed to PM2.5. Of note, PM2.5 exposure for 2-month significantly elevated GATA4 and β-MHC mRNA and protein expression compared with the corresponding controls, along with the high-expression of miR-208b. The ratios of β-MHC/α-MHC expression induced by PM2.5 were remarkably raised in comparison to their controls. It suggested that the up-regulation of miR-208b/β-MHC and GATA4 and the conversion from α-MHC to β-MHC may be the important causes of cardiac hypertrophy in rats incurred by PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Bai
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yufei Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lifang Zhao
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zongwei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Ken Kin Lam Yung
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | - Ruijin Li
- Institute of Environmental Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
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12
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Ben Halima H, Bellagambi FG, Alcacer A, Pfeiffer N, Heuberger A, Hangouët M, Zine N, Bausells J, Elaissari A, Errachid A. A silicon nitride ISFET based immunosensor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha detection in saliva. A promising tool for heart failure monitoring. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1161:338468. [PMID: 33896556 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
According to the European statistics, approximately 26 million patients worldwide suffer from heart failure (HF), and this number seems to be steadily increasing. Inflammation plays a central role in the development of HF, and the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) represents inflammation gold-standard biomarker. Early detection plays a crucial role for the prognosis and treatment of HF. An Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) based on silicon nitride transducer and biofunctionalized with anti-TNF-α antibody for label-free detection of salivary TNF-α is proposed. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used for TNF-α detection. Our ImmunoFET offered a detection limit of 1 pg mL-1, with an analytical reproducibility expressed by a coefficient of variance (CV) resulted < 10% for the analysis of saliva samples, and an analyte recovery of 94 ± 6%. In addition, it demonstrated high selectivity when compared to other HF biomarkers such as Inteleukin-10, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, and Cortisol. Finally, ImmunoFET accuracy in determining the unknown concentration of TNF-α was successfully tested in saliva samples by performing standard addition method. The proposed ImmunoFET showed great promise as a complementary tool for biomedical application for HF monitoring by a non-invasive, rapid and accurate assessment of TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Ben Halima
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Francesca G Bellagambi
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
| | - Albert Alcacer
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Norman Pfeiffer
- Fraunhofer IIS, Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits, Am Wolfsmantel 33, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Albert Heuberger
- Information Technology (LIKE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Am Wolfsmantel 33, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marie Hangouët
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Nadia Zine
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Joan Bausells
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelhamid Elaissari
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
| | - Abdelhamid Errachid
- Institute of Analytical Sciences (ISA) - UMR 5280, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, 69100, Villeurbanne, Lyon, France.
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13
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Zefferino R, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Molecular links between endocrine, nervous and immune system during chronic stress. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01960. [PMID: 33295155 PMCID: PMC7882157 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The stress response is different in various individuals, however, the mechanisms that could explain these distinct effects are not well known and the molecular correlates have been considered one at the time. Particular harmful conditions occur if the subject, instead to cope the stressful events, succumb to them, in this case, a cascade reaction happens that through different signaling causes a specific reaction named "sickness behaviour." The aim of this article is to review the complex relations among important molecules belonging to Central nervous system (CNS), immune system (IS), and endocrine system (ES) during the chronic stress response. METHODS After having verified the state of art concerning the function of cortisol, norepinephrine (NE), interleukin (IL)-1β and melatonin, we describe as they work together. RESULTS We propose a speculative hypothesis concerning the complex interplay of these signaling molecules during chronic stress, highlighting the role of IL-1β as main biomarker of this effects, indeed, during chronic stress its increment transforms this inflammatory signal into a nervous signal (NE), in turn, this uses the ES (melatonin and cortisol) to counterbalance again IL-1β. During cortisol resistance, a vicious loop occurs that increments all mediators, unbalancing IS, ES, and CNS networks. This IL-1β increase would occur above all when the individual succumbs to stressful events, showing the Sickness Behaviour Symptoms. IL-1β might, through melatonin and vice versa, determine sleep disorders too. CONCLUSION The molecular links here outlined could explain how stress plays a role in etiopathogenesis of several diseases through this complex interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zefferino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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14
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Wei SG, Yu Y, Felder RB. TNF-α-induced sympathetic excitation requires EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling in cardiovascular regulatory regions of the forebrain. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H772-H786. [PMID: 33337962 PMCID: PMC8082799 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00606.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peripherally or centrally administered TNF-α elicits a prolonged sympathetically mediated pressor response, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cardiovascular regions of the brain has recently been recognized as a key mediator of sympathetic excitation, and ERK1/2 signaling is induced by activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity. The present study examined the role of EGFR and ERK1/2 signaling in the sympathetic response to TNF-α. In urethane-anesthetized rats, intracarotid artery injection of TNF-α increased phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2 in the subfornical organ (SFO) and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN); upregulated the gene expression of excitatory mediators in SFO and PVN; and increased blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). A continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of the selective EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 or the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 significantly attenuated these responses. Bilateral PVN microinjections of TNF-α also increased phosphorylated ERK1/2 and the gene expression of excitatory mediators in PVN, along with increases in BP, HR, and RSNA, and these responses were substantially reduced by prior bilateral PVN microinjections of AG1478. These results identify activation of EGFR in cardiovascular regulatory regions of the forebrain as an important molecular mediator of TNF-α-driven sympatho-excitatory responses and suggest that EGFR activation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway plays an essential role. These mechanisms likely contribute to sympathetic excitation in pathophysiological states like heart failure and hypertension, in which circulating and brain TNF-α levels are increased.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Proinflammatory cytokines contribute to the augmented sympathetic nerve activity in hypertension and heart failure, but the central mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The present study reveals that TNF-α transactivates EGFR in the subfornical organ and the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus to initiate ERK1/2 signaling, upregulate the gene expression of excitatory mediators, and increase sympathetic nerve activity. These findings identify EGFR as a gateway to sympathetic excitation and a potential target for intervention in cardiovascular disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Guang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Yang Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Robert B Felder
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa
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15
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Xie XJ, Li CQ. Chrysophanol Protects Against Acute Heart Failure by Inhibiting JNK1/2 Pathway in Rats. Med Sci Monit 2020; 26:e926392. [PMID: 33044948 PMCID: PMC7566230 DOI: 10.12659/msm.926392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure (AHF) usually requires urgent therapy. Myocardial damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation are major components in the pathology of AHF. This study was designed to investigate the effects of chrysophanol on AHF. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with isoprenaline hydrochloride to construct AHF rat models. AHF rats were treated with normal saline (negative control), chrysophanol, the combination of chrysophanol and SP600125, or benazepril (positive control) using sham rats as blank controls. Echocardiography, histological staining, and enzyme activity analysis were performed to assess the heart functions and myocardial damage. Effects on apoptosis, oxidative stress (OS), and inflammation were evaluated by biochemical analysis, TUNEL staining, and ELISA. RESULTS Chrysophanol improved the parameters of cardiac functions and alleviated the myocardial damage accompanied by the reduction of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. Meanwhile, chrysophanol inhibited the myocardial apoptosis along with the upregulation of Bcl-2 and downregulation of Bax and cleaved caspase-3. AHF-induced abnormal changes of OS parameters (MDA, GPx, CAT, SOD) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-alpha, IFN-γ) were alleviated by chrysophanol. Benazepril treatment showed similar results with chrysophanol, while the addition of SP600125 enhanced the chrysophanol-mediated protection effects in AHF rats. Western blot analysis demonstrated that chrysophanol inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and its upstream/downstream factors. CONCLUSIONS Chrysophanol improved cardiac functions and protected against myocardial damage, apoptosis, OS, and inflammation by inhibiting activation of the JNK1/2 pathway in AHF rat models. These finding indicate that chrysophanol may be a promising approach for treatment of AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Inner Mongolia Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R. China
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16
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VanderVeen BN, Murphy EA, Carson JA. The Impact of Immune Cells on the Skeletal Muscle Microenvironment During Cancer Cachexia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32982782 PMCID: PMC7489038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive weight loss combined with skeletal muscle atrophy, termed cachexia, is a common comorbidity associated with cancer that results in adverse consequences for the patient related to decreased chemotherapy responsiveness and increased mortality. Cachexia's complexity has provided a barrier for developing successful therapies to prevent or treat the condition, since a large number of systemic disruptions that can regulate muscle mass are often present. Furthermore, considerable effort has focused on investigating how tumor derived factors and inflammatory mediators directly signal skeletal muscle to disrupt protein turnover regulation. Currently, there is developing appreciation for understanding how cancer alters skeletal muscle's complex microenvironment and the tightly regulated interactions between multiple cell types. Skeletal muscle microenvironment interactions have established functions in muscle response to regeneration from injury, growth, aging, overload-induced hypertrophy, and exercise. This review explores the growing body of evidence for immune cell modulation of the skeletal muscle microenvironment during cancer-induced muscle wasting. Emphasis is placed on the regulatory network that integrates physiological responses between immune cells with other muscle cell types including satellite cells, fibroblast cells, and endothelial cells to regulate myofiber size and plasticity. The overall goal of this review is to provide an understanding of how different cell types that constitute the muscle microenvironment and their signaling mediators contribute to cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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17
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Nichols S, McGregor G, Al-Mohammad A, Ali AN, Tew G, O'Doherty AF. The effect of protein and essential amino acid supplementation on muscle strength and performance in patients with chronic heart failure: a systematic review. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:1785-1801. [PMID: 31659450 PMCID: PMC7351803 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Critically low skeletal muscle mass and strength, observed in 20% of people with chronic heart failure (CHF), reduces functional capacity, quality of life (QoL) and survival. Protein and essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation could be a viable treatment strategy to prevent declines in muscle strength and performance, and subsequently improve QoL and survival. This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42018103649) aimed to assess the effect of dietary protein and/or EAA supplementation on muscle strength and performance in people with CHF. METHODS Searches of PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase identified studies that reported changes in strength or muscle performance following protein and/or EAA supplementation in patients with CHF. Following PRISMA guidelines and using predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria relating to participants, intervention, control, outcome and study design, two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full manuscripts for eligibility. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (RCTs) or Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (cohort studies). Data were extracted for analysis using predefined criteria. RESULTS Five randomised controlled trials (RCT) and one cohort study met our inclusion criteria. All RCTs had a high risk of bias. The methodological quality of the cohort study was moderate. Heterogeneity of extracted data prevented meta-analyses, qualitative synthesis was therefore performed. Data from 167 patients with CHF suggest that protein and/or EAA supplementation does not improve strength, but may increase six-minute walk test distance, muscle mass and QoL. CONCLUSIONS The limited quality of the studies makes firm conclusions difficult, however protein and/or EAA supplementation may improve important outcome measures related to sarcopenia. High-quality randomised controlled studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Nichols
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Collegiate Campus, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
| | - Gordon McGregor
- Centre for Exercise and Health, Department of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | | | - Ali N Ali
- Sheffield National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Glossop Road, Sheffield, UK
| | - Garry Tew
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Alasdair F O'Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, UK
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18
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Nie S, Lu J, Wang L, Gao M. Pro‐inflammatory role of
cell‐free
mitochondrial
DNA
in cardiovascular diseases. IUBMB Life 2020; 72:1879-1890. [PMID: 32656943 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nie
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Junying Lu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
| | - Man Gao
- Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun China
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19
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Kaempferol Prevents Against Ang II-induced Cardiac Remodeling Through Attenuating Ang II-induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2020; 74:326-335. [PMID: 31356553 PMCID: PMC6791499 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure characterized by cardiac remodeling is a global problem. Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress, which also is implicated in the pathophysiology of adverse collagen accumulation-induced remodeling. Kaempferol (KPF), a kind of flavonoid compounds, is capable of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, the target of KPF still remains blurred. In this study, we investigated the effect of KPF on Ang II-induced collagen accumulation and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results suggested that KPF prevented Ang II-induced cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction, in mice challenged with subcutaneous injection of Ang II. In culture cells, KPF significantly reduced Ang II-induced collagen accumulation. Furthermore, KPF remarkably decreased inflammation and oxidative stress in Ang II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts by modulating NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase and AMPK/Nrf2 pathways.
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20
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Rocca C, Pasqua T, Cerra MC, Angelone T. Cardiac Damage in Anthracyclines Therapy: Focus on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1081-1097. [PMID: 31928066 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Despite their serious side effects, anthracyclines (ANTs) are the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs because of their strong efficacy in both solid and hematological tumors. A major limitation to ANTs clinical application is the severe cardiotoxicity observed both acutely and chronically. The mechanism underlying cardiac dysfunction under chemotherapy is mainly dependent on the generation of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, both of which lead to progressive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Recent Advances: Over the years, the iatrogenic ANTs-induced cardiotoxicity was believed to be simply given by iron metabolism and reactive oxygen species production; however, several experimental data indicate that ANTs may use alternative damaging mechanisms, such as topoisomerase 2β inhibition, inflammation, pyroptosis, immunometabolism, and autophagy. Critical Issues: In this review, we aimed at discussing ANTs-induced cardiac injury from different points of view, updating and focusing on oxidative stress and inflammation, since these pathways are not exclusive or independent from each other but they together importantly contribute to the complexity of ANTs-induced multifactorial cardiotoxicity. Future Directions: A deeper understanding of the mechanistic signaling leading to ANTs side effects could reveal crucial targeting molecules, thus representing strategic knowledge to promote better therapeutic efficacy and lower cardiotoxicity during clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Teresa Pasqua
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria Carmela Cerra
- Laboratory of Organ and System Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Physiology, Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, Italy.,National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (INRC), Bologna, Italy
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21
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Gu Q, Wang B, Zhao H, Wang W, Wang P, Deng Y. LncRNA promoted inflammatory response in ischemic heart failure through regulation of miR-455-3p/TRAF6 axis. Inflamm Res 2020; 69:667-681. [PMID: 32350569 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic heart failure (IHF) is the most common cause of death globally. Growing evidence shows abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs in heart failure patients. This study aims to investigate the effect of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) overlapping transcript (SOX2-OT) on the regulation of the inflammatory response in ischemic heart failure. METHODS IHF rat and oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) cell models were established. qRT-PCR was employed to investigate the expression of SOX2-OT. ELISA, western blot and cell viability/apoptosis assays were performed to assess the effects of SOX2-OT. Online software program was used to identify miRNAs that target SOX2-OT, followed by validation using RNA pull-down. Potential targets of miRNAs were searched, and examined by immunoblotting, qRT-PCR and luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS SOX2-OT was up-regulated in IHF and OGD. Knockdown of SOX2-OT promoted cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis rate and cell oxidative damage, and ameliorated inflammatory response. SOX2-OT contains binding sites for miR-455-3p, miR-5586-3p and miR-1252-5p. RNA pull-down confirmed the binding ability between SOX2-OT and miR-455-3p. TRAF6 is a direct target of miR-455-3p. Moreover, the regulatory activity of SOX2-OT on inflammatory response was partially through its negative regulation of miR-455-3p, which directly regulates TRAF6. Down-regulation of SOX2-OT improved myocardial dysfunction in IHF rat. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that SOX2-OT may be a driver of IHF through repression of miR-455-3p, and miR-455-3p alleviates IHF by targeting TRAF6. Therefore, SOX2-OT/miR-455-3p/TRAF6 may be a potential target for advanced therapeutic strategy for IHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Gu
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Hongying Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Pengsheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Cangzhou Central Hospital, 16 Xinhua West Road, Cangzhou, 061000, Hebei, China
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22
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Elamin AA, Klunkelfuß S, Kämpfer S, Oehlmann W, Stehr M, Smith C, Simpson GR, Morgan R, Pandha H, Singh M. A Specific Blood Signature Reveals Higher Levels of S100A12: A Potential Bladder Cancer Diagnostic Biomarker Along With Urinary Engrailed-2 Protein Detection. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1484. [PMID: 31993369 PMCID: PMC6962349 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder (UCB) or bladder cancer remains a major health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in the western world. UCB is also associated with the highest cost per patient. In recent years numerous markers have been evaluated for suitability in UCB detection and surveillance. However, to date none of these markers can replace or even reduce the use of routine tools (cytology and cystoscopy). Our current study described UCB's extensive expression profile and highlighted the variations with normal bladder tissue. Our data revealed that JUP, PTGDR, KLRF1, MT-TC, and RNU6-135P are associated with prognosis in patients with UCB. The microarray expression data identified also S100A12, S100A8, and NAMPT as potential UCB biomarkers. Pathway analysis revealed that natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity is the most involved pathway. Our analysis showed that S100A12 protein may be useful as a biomarker for early UCB detection. Plasma S100A12 has been observed in patients with UCB with an overall sensitivity of 90.5% and a specificity of 75%. S100A12 is highly expressed preferably in high-grade and high-stage UCB. Furthermore, using a panel of more than hundred urine samples, a prototype lateral flow test for the transcription factor Engrailed-2 (EN2) also showed reasonable sensitivity (85%) and specificity (71%). Such findings provide confidence to further improve and refine the EN2 rapid test for use in clinical practice. In conclusion, S100A12 and EN2 have shown potential value as biomarker candidates for UCB patients. These results can speed up the discovery of biomarkers, improving diagnostic accuracy and may help the management of UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayssar A Elamin
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Kämpfer
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Wulf Oehlmann
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Matthias Stehr
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Christopher Smith
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Morgan
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Mahavir Singh
- LIONEX Diagnostics and Therapeutics GmbH, Brunswick, Germany
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23
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Vatnikov Y, Rudenko A, Rudenko P, Kulikov E, Karamyan A, Lutsay V, Medvedev I, Byakhova V, Krotova E, Molvhanova M. Immune-inflammatory concept of the pathogenesis of chronic heart failure in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Vet World 2019; 12:1491-1498. [PMID: 31749587 PMCID: PMC6813603 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2019.1491-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy is common in dogs. This form of cardiomyopathy is the main cause of death due to heart disease in dogs. Death can occur suddenly in clinically normal animals as a result of the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). The pathogenesis of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy involves activation of the neurohumoral system and immune-mediated inflammation, which leads to further progression of the condition. Heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis, remodeling of the left ventricle, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, reduced cerebral blood flow, the involvement of other key internal organs, and intestinal dysbiosis. Aim: This study aimed to determine the immunological and inflammatory mechanisms surrounding the development of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were dogs with a dilated form of cardiomyopathy (n=159), complicated by various functional classes of heart failure syndrome. Evaluation of myocardial remodeling, systolic function, and systemic hemodynamics was performed using EMP-860 Vet and PU-2200V ultrasound scanners according to the standard technique. Electrocardiography was performed with all dogs in right lateral recumbency using the EK1T-04 Midas electrocardiograph (50 mm/s speed and 1 mV gain = 1 cm). Results: In some affected animals, especially in cases of compensated dilated cardiomyopathy, leukocytosis was noted. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy complicated by heart failure syndrome of various functional classes, the number of neutrophils was significantly increased, and the number of lymphocytes was decreased by 1.9-2.1 times when compared with those in clinically normal animals. In dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy, neutrophilic leukocytosis develops with a simple regenerative shift to the left. The results of immunological studies indicate that dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy develop T lymphocytopenia as compared with clinically normal animals. Conclusion: The central component of heart failure syndrome in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is the activation of the neurohumoral system and immune-mediated inflammation. The development of CHF in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy is caused by the progressive loss of cardiomyocytes, apoptosis, remodeling of the left ventricle, systolic and diastolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, reduced cerebral blood flow, involvement of other key internal organs, and intestinal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Vatnikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - A Rudenko
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow 125080, Russia
| | - P Rudenko
- Laboratory of Biological Experiments, Branch of the Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 117997, Russia
| | - Ev Kulikov
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - A Karamyan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - V Lutsay
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow 125080, Russia
| | - I Medvedev
- Department of Adaptive Physical Culture and Recreation, Russian State Social University, Moscow 129226, Russia
| | - V Byakhova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - E Krotova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - M Molvhanova
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow 117198, Russia
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24
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Hyperoxia but not AOX expression mitigates pathological cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12741. [PMID: 31484989 PMCID: PMC6726756 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive expression of the chemokine Mcp1 in mouse cardiomyocytes creates a model of inflammatory cardiomyopathy, with death from heart failure at age 7–8 months. A critical pathogenic role has previously been proposed for induced oxidative stress, involving NADPH oxidase activation. To test this idea, we exposed the mice to elevated oxygen levels. Against expectation, this prevented, rather than accelerated, the ultrastructural and functional signs of heart failure. This result suggests that the immune signaling initiated by Mcp1 leads instead to the inhibition of cellular oxygen usage, for which mitochondrial respiration is an obvious target. To address this hypothesis, we combined the Mcp1 model with xenotopic expression of the alternative oxidase (AOX), which provides a sink for electrons blocked from passage to oxygen via respiratory complexes III and IV. Ubiquitous AOX expression provided only a minor delay to cardiac functional deterioration and did not prevent the induction of markers of cardiac and metabolic remodeling considered a hallmark of the model. Moreover, cardiomyocyte-specific AOX expression resulted in exacerbation of Mcp1-induced heart failure, and failed to rescue a second cardiomyopathy model directly involving loss of cIV. Our findings imply that mitochondrial involvement in the pathology of inflammatory cardiomyopathy is multifaceted and complex.
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25
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Shimizu K, Funamoto M, Sunagawa Y, Shimizu S, Katanasaka Y, Miyazaki Y, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Morimoto T. Anti-inflammatory Action of Curcumin and Its Use in the Treatment of Lifestyle-related Diseases. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:117-122. [PMID: 31360234 PMCID: PMC6659038 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.17.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in lifestyle-related diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity/impaired glucose tolerance. Curcumin is a natural extract that possesses numerous physiological properties, as indicated by its anti-inflammatory action. The mechanisms underlying these effects include the inhibition of nuclear factor-kappaB and Toll-like receptor 4-dependent signalling pathways and the activation of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma pathway. However, the bioavailability of curcumin is very low in humans. To resolve this issue, several drug delivery systems have been developed and a number of clinical trials have reported beneficial effects of curcumin in the management of inflammation-related diseases. It is expected that evidence regarding the clinical application of curcumin in lifestyle-related diseases associated with chronic inflammation will accumulate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masafumi Funamoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoichi Sunagawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimizu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Katanasaka
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyazaki
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wada
- Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Hasegawa
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Morimoto
- Division of Molecular Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka Shizuoka, Japan.,Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Lourenço P, Pereira J, Ribeiro A, Ferreira-Coimbra J, Barroso I, Guimarães JT, Leite-Moreira A, Bettencourt P. C-reactive protein decrease associates with mortality reduction only in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2019; 20:23-29. [PMID: 30407267 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The prognostic role of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in acute heart failure is less well established than for chronic heart failure and the impact of its variation is unknown. We studied the impact of hsCRP variation in acute heart failure and whether it differed according to left ventricular function. METHODS We analyzed patients prospectively included in an acute heart failure registry. Admission and discharge hsCRP were evaluated as part of the registry's protocol and its relative variation (ΔhsCRP) was assessed. ΔhsCRP during hospitalization = [(admission hsCRP - discharge hsCRP)/admission hsCRP] × 100. Endpoint: all-cause death; follow-up: 3 years. A multivariate Cox-regression model was used to assess the prognostic value of ΔhsCRP (continuous and categorical variable: cut-off 40% decrease); analysis was stratified according to ventricular function. RESULTS We studied 439 patients: mean age 75 years, 50.1% men and 69.2% had heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Median discharge hsCRP was 12.4 mg/l and median ΔhsCRP was ∼40%. During follow-up 247 patients (56.3%) died: 73 (54.1%) heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients and 174 (57.2%) HFrEF patients. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 3-year mortality in HFpEF patients with hsCRP decrease of at least 40% during hospitalization was 0.56 (95% CI 0.32-0.99). A decrease of at least 40% in hsCRP was not mortality-associated in HFrEF patients. There was interaction between ΔhsCRP and left ventricular ejection fraction. CONCLUSION A decrease of at least 40% in hsCRP in acute heart failure was associated with a 44% decrease in 3-year death risk in HFpEF patients. No association between ΔhsCRP and prognosis existed in HFrEF patients. Inflammation appears to play a different role according to left ventricular function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isaac Barroso
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar São João
| | - João-Tiago Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, Centro Hospitalar São João.,Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Unidade I&D Cardiovascular do Porto
| | - Adelino Leite-Moreira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Unidade I&D Cardiovascular do Porto.,Serviço de Cirurgia Cardiotorácica, Centro Hospitalar São João
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Unidade I&D Cardiovascular do Porto.,Serviço de Medicina Interna, Hospital CUF Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Fiordelisi A, Iaccarino G, Morisco C, Coscioni E, Sorriento D. NFkappaB is a Key Player in the Crosstalk between Inflammation and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071599. [PMID: 30935055 PMCID: PMC6480579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key mechanism of cardiovascular diseases. It is an essential component of atherosclerosis and a significant risk factor for the development of cardiovascular events. In the crosstalk between inflammation and cardiovascular diseases, the transcription factor NFκB seems to be a key player since it is involved in the development and progression of both inflammation and cardiac and vascular damage. In this review, we deal with the recent findings of the role of inflammation in cardiac diseases, focusing, in particular, on NFκB as a functional link. We describe strategies for the therapeutic targeting of NFκB as a potential strategy for the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fiordelisi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Guido Iaccarino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Carmine Morisco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Enrico Coscioni
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, 84131 Salerno, Italy.
| | - Daniela Sorriento
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
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29
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Christensen G, Herum KM, Lunde IG. Sweet, yet underappreciated: Proteoglycans and extracellular matrix remodeling in heart disease. Matrix Biol 2019; 75-76:286-299. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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30
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Kasai S, Sakai R, Koike R, Kohsaka H, Miyasaka N, Harigai M. Higher risk of hospitalized infection, cardiovascular disease, and fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis determined using the Japanese health insurance database. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:788-794. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1519889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kasai
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Sakai
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuji Koike
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kohsaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masayoshi Harigai
- Division of Epidemiology and Pharmacoepidemiology of Rheumatic Diseases, Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Proinflammatory cytokines are consistently elevated in congestive heart failure. In the current review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of how tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), a key proinflammatory cytokine, potentiates heart failure by overwhelming the anti-inflammatory responses disrupting the homeostasis. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown co-relationship between severity of heart failure and levels of the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα and one of its secondary mediators interleukin-6 (IL-6), suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Recent efforts have focused on understanding the mechanisms of how proinflammatory cytokines contribute towards cardiac dysfunction and failure. In addition, how unchecked proinflammatory cytokines and their cross-talk with sympathetic system overrides the anti-inflammatory response underlying failure. The review offers insights on how TNFα and IL-6 contribute to cardiac dysfunction and failure. Furthermore, this provides a forum to begin the discussion on the cross-talk between sympathetic drive and proinflammatory cytokines and its determinant role in deleterious outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schumacher
- NB50, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Sathyamangla V Naga Prasad
- NB50, Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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32
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Nagao M, Nakajima H, Toh R, Hirata KI, Ishida T. Cardioprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Beyond its Anti-Atherogenic Action. J Atheroscler Thromb 2018; 25:985-993. [PMID: 30146614 PMCID: PMC6193192 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has been identified as a powerful independent negative predictor of cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effect of HDL is largely attributable to its key role in reverse cholesterol transport, whereby excess cholesterol in the peripheral tissues is transported to the liver, reducing the atherosclerotic burden. However, mounting evidence indicates that HDL also has pleiotropic properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and vasodilatory properties, which may contribute in reducing the incidence of heart failure. Actually, previous data from clinical and experimental studies have suggested that HDL exerts cardioprotective effects irrespective of the presence/absence of coronary artery disease. This review summarizes the currently available evidence regarding beneficial effects of HDL on the heart beyond its anti-atherogenic property. Understanding the mechanisms of cardiac protection by HDL will provide new insight into the underlying mechanism and therapeutic strategy for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nagao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideto Nakajima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryuji Toh
- Division of Evidence-Based Laboratory Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tatsuro Ishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine
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33
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Wang X, Fan X, Ji S, Ma A, Wang T. Prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in heart failure patients. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 485:44-49. [PMID: 29932879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been indicated to be an independent predictor for all-cause mortality or adverse events in a variety of diseases. However, no consistent conclusions regarding it's relevance to patients with heart failure have been made. This meta-analysis was conducted to assess the significance of NLR in patients with heart failure. METHODS Pubmed and Embase databases were searched for eligible studies that reported the association between NLR and heart failure through September 2017. The overall hazard ratio (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the associations. RESULTS Ten studies met the eligibility criteria and a total of 5979 heart failure patients were included in the meta-analysis. The overall hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.28 (95% CI 1.14-1.43) and the HR of renal dysfunction was 1.23 (95% CI 1.07-1.41) comparing the highest with the lowest category of NLR. However, the total pooled adjusted HR for in-hospital mortality (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.88-1.59) and rehospitalization (HR = 2.19, 95% CI 0.94-5.09) were not statistically significant. A subgroup analysis showed that sample size with moderate heterogeneity may be the origin of heterogeneity in all-cause mortality. Sensitivity analysis proved the stability of results of our meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis demonstrates that NLR is a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Because the quality of the included studies varies, further well-designed studies are needed to confirm this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqiang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiude Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Shuaifei Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, TangDu Hospital, The Fourth Military University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Aiqun Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, PR China.
| | - Tingzhong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, PR China.
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Domanjko Petrič A, Lukman T, Verk B, Nemec Svete A. Systemic inflammation in dogs with advanced-stage heart failure. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:20. [PMID: 29573742 PMCID: PMC5866510 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0372-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although human studies have shown that inflammation plays a role in the development of congestive heart failure, scarce information exists on white blood cell count (WBC) and differential cell counts in various stages of heart failure in man and dogs. A few studies demonstrated increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), a major acute-phase protein, in cardiac diseases in dogs. Our research aimed to investigate whether CRP concentration, WBC and neutrophil count (NEUT), as markers of systemic inflammation, are elevated in canine cardiovascular patients. We also aimed to find out whether there is an association between CRP concentration and WBC and NEUT, as well as associations between these inflammatory markers and selected echocardiographic parameters. Sixty-two client-owned canine cardiac patients and 12 healthy dogs were included in the study. The patients were classified into International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classes (ISACHC I-III). The serum CRP concentration was determined using a canine CRP test kit. WBC and NEUT were determined using an automated hematology analyzer. RESULTS Significantly higher serum CRP concentration, WBC and NEUT were found in the decompensated stage of heart failure (ISACHC III) compared with healthy dogs and with patients in ISACHC group II and ISACHC group I. Serum CRP concentration significantly positively correlated with WBC (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) and NEUT (r = 0.58, P = 0.002) in the ISACHC III group, while no significant correlations were found in the ISACHC I and II groups. A significant negative correlation between serum CRP concentration and the left ventricular ejection fraction (r = - 0.49, P = 0.046) and a significant positive correlation between CRP and the E wave velocity of the mitral valve inflow (r = 0.52, P = 0.046) were found in the ISACHC III group. CONCLUSIONS The CRP concentration, WBC and NEUT were significantly increased in advanced-stage heart failure patients in comparison with compensated patients and healthy dogs, which indicate the presence of systemic inflammation. However, normal CRP concentration and normal WBC and NEUT can also be present in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Domanjko Petrič
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tajda Lukman
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Verk
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Yu L, Feng Z. The Role of Toll-Like Receptor Signaling in the Progression of Heart Failure. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:9874109. [PMID: 29576748 PMCID: PMC5822798 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9874109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical systems worldwide are being faced with a growing need to understand mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of heart failure (HF) that is considered as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Elevated levels of inflammatory mediators have been identified in patients with HF, which are primarily manifestations of innate immune responses mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which belong to PRRs, are subjected to the release of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to generate innate immune responses. More and more emerging data indicate that TLR signaling pathway molecules are involved in the progression of HF. Herein, we present new data with regard to the activation of TLRs in the failing heart, focusing on TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR9, and suggest the potential use of TLRs in target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
- Henan Key Laboratory of immunology and Targeted Drugs, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Zhiwei Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
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Koller L, Hohensinner P, Rychli K, Zorn G, Goliasch G, Berger R, Mörtl D, Maurer G, Huber K, Pacher R, Wojta J, Hülsmann M, Niessner A, Richter B. Fractalkine is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with advanced heart failure. Thromb Haemost 2017; 108:1220-7. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-03-0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
SummaryImmunological processes are implicated in the multifactorial pathophysiology of heart failure (HF). The multifunctional chemokine fractalkine (CX3CL1) promotes the extravasation of cytotoxic lymphocytes into tissues. We aimed to assess the prognostic value of fractalkine in HF. Fractalkine plasma levels were determined in 349 patients with advanced systolic HF (median 75 years, 66% male). During a median follow-up of 4.9 years (interquartile range: 4.6–5.2), 55.9% of patients died. Fractalkine was a significant predictor of all-cause mortality (p <0.001) with a hazard ratio of 2.78 (95% confidence interval: 1.95–3.95) for the third compared to the first tertile. This association remained significant after multivariable adjustment for demographics, clinical predictive variables and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP, p=0.008). The predictive value of fractalkine did not significantly differ between patients with ischaemic and non-ischaemic HF aetiology (p=0.79). The predictive value of fractalkine tertiles was not significantly modified by tertiles of NT-proBNP (p=0.18) but was more pronounced in the first and third tertile of NT-proBNP. Fractalkine was also an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality (p=0.015). Fractalkine levels were significantly lower in patients on angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy (p <0.001). In conclusion, circulating fractalkine with its pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects is an independent predictor of mortality in advanced HF patients. Fractalkine improves risk prediction beyond NTproBNP and might therefore help to identify high risk patients who need special care. Our data indicate the implication of immune modulation in HF pathology.
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Koller L, Sulzgruber P, Scharnagl H, Delgado G, Goliasch G, März W, Winter MP, Kleber ME, Niessner A. Prognostic significance of tPA/PAI-1 complex in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:471-478. [DOI: 10.1160/th16-08-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SummaryHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents a major epidemic, clinical and public health problem with rising patient numbers every year. Traditional markers for heart failure have been shown to be of limited sensitivity in patients with HFpEF, as those do not reflect pathophysiology of the disease properly. Dysregulation of haemostasis is thought to be central for the initiation and progression of HFpEF. For this reason, we aimed to assess markers of fibrinolytic activity as potential biomarkers for risk assessment in patients with HFpEF. We evaluated blood coagulation parameters in 370 patients with HFpEF included in the LUdwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) study. Within an observation period of 9.7 years, 40 percent of these patients died from any cause. tPA/PAI-1 complex significantly predicted all-cause mortality with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.24 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.47) per increase of 1 SD and cardiovascular mortality with a HR 1.26 (95 % CI 1.02–1.56) per increase of 1 SD. Both associations remained significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and frequent HFpEF- related comorbidities. Importantly, tPA/PAI-1 complex had additional prognostic value above and beyond NT-proBNP as indicated by integrated discrimination improvement (0.0157, p=0.017). In conclusion, the concentration of tPA/ PAI-1 complex is an independent predictor of mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular causes in patients with HFpEF. The concomitant measurement of tPA/PAI-1 complex might be useful in clinical practice to add prognostic value to traditional markers of heart failure.
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Luciani M, Del Monte F. Insights from Second-Line Treatments for Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2017; 4:jcdd4030012. [PMID: 29367542 PMCID: PMC5715707 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd4030012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an independent nosographic entity characterized by left ventricular dilatation and contractile dysfunction leading to heart failure (HF). The idiopathic form of DCM (iDCM) occurs in the absence of coronaropathy or other known causes of DCM. Despite being different from other forms of HF for demographic, clinical, and prognostic features, its current pharmacological treatment does not significantly diverge. Methods: In this study we performed a Pubmed library search for placebo-controlled clinical investigations and a post-hoc analysis recruiting iDCM from 1985 to 2016. We searched for second-line pharmacologic treatments to reconsider drugs for iDCM management and pinpoint pathological mechanisms. Results: We found 33 clinical studies recruiting a total of 3392 patients of various durations and sizes, as well as studies that tested different drug classes (statins, pentoxifylline, inotropes). A metanalysis was unfeasible, although a statistical significance for changes upon treatment for molecular results, morphofunctional parameters, and clinical endpoints was reported. Statins appeared to be beneficial in light of their pleiotropic effects; inotropes might be tolerated more for longer times in iDCM compared to ischemic patients. General anti-inflammatory therapies do not significantly improve outcomes. Metabolic and growth modulation remain appealing fields to be investigated. Conclusions: The evaluation of drug effectiveness based on direct clinical benefit is an inductive method providing evidence-based insights. This backward approach sheds light on putative and underestimated pathologic mechanisms and thus therapeutic targets for iDCM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luciani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Abe H, Semba H, Takeda N. The Roles of Hypoxia Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:884-894. [PMID: 28757538 PMCID: PMC5587513 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv17009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The circulatory system distributes blood flow to each tissue and transports oxygen and nutrients. Peripheral circulation is required to maintain the physiological function in each tissue. Disturbance of circulation, therefore, decreases oxygen delivery, leading to tissue hypoxia which takes place in several cardiovascular disorders including atherosclerosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension and heart failure. While tissue hypoxia can be induced because of cardiovascular disorders, hypoxia signaling itself has a potential to modulate tissue remodeling processes or the severity of the cardiovascular disorders. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-2α belongs to a group of transcription factors which mediate most of the cellular responses to hypoxia at a transcriptional level. We, and others, have reported that HIF-α signaling plays a critical role in the initiation or the regulation of inflammation. HIF-α signaling contributes to the tissue remodeling processes; thus it has a potential to become a therapeutic target. Elucidation of the molecular link, therefore, between hypoxia signaling and tissue remodeling will greatly help us to understand the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of this review is to give a brief overview of the current understanding about the function HIF-α in inflammation processes especially by focusing on its roles in macrophages. In addition, the pathophysiological roles of hypoxia signaling for the development of cardiovascular disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Abe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Hiroaki Semba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Cardiovascular Institute
| | - Norihiko Takeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
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Kalagara R, Gao W, Glenn HL, Ziegler C, Belmont L, Meldrum DR. Identification of stable reference genes for lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage gene expression studies. Biol Methods Protoc 2016; 1:bpw005. [PMID: 32161782 PMCID: PMC6994071 DOI: 10.1093/biomethods/bpw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression studies which utilize lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages to model immune signaling are widely used for elucidating the mechanisms of inflammation-related disease. When expression levels of target genes are quantified using Real-Time quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), they are analyzed in comparison to reference genes, which should have stable expression. Judicious selection of reference genes is, therefore, critical to interpretation of qRT-PCR results. Ideal reference genes must be identified for each experimental system and demonstrated to remain constant under the experimental conditions. In this study, we evaluated the stability of eight common reference genes: Beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), Cyclophilin A/Peptidylprolyl isomerase A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase (GAPDH), Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase 1, Large Ribosomal Protein P0, TATA box binding protein, Ubiquitin C (UBC), and Ribosomal protein L13A. Expression stability of each gene was tested under different conditions of LPS stimulation and compared to untreated controls. Reference gene stabilities were analyzed using Ct value comparison, NormFinder, and geNorm. We found that UBC, closely followed by B2M, is the most stable gene, while the commonly used reference gene GAPDH is the least stable. Thus, for improved accuracy in evaluating gene expression levels, we propose the use of UBC to normalize PCR data from LPS-stimulated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Kalagara
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Weimin Gao
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Honor L Glenn
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Colleen Ziegler
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Laura Belmont
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Deirdre R Meldrum
- Center for Biosignatures Discovery Automation, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Li P, Lv B, Jiang X, Wang T, Ma X, Chang N, Wang X, Gao X. Identification of NF-κB inhibitors following Shenfu injection and bioactivity-integrated UPLC/Q-TOF-MS and screening for related anti-inflammatory targets in vitro and in silico. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:658-667. [PMID: 27771457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Shenfu injection (SFI) is a commercial medicinal product approved by the China Food and Drug Administration that is widely used in the treatment of stroke and coronary heart disease. However, the material basis and the mechanism of SFI are not fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY With network pharmacology analysis, our research committed to identify the anti-inflammatory ingredients and mechanism of SFI by combining high-throughput screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed a bioactivity-based UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method followed by network pharmacology and identified the anti-inflammatory active ingredients of SFI from two different perspectives of network computing and high throughput screening. Then we verified the anti-inflammatory effect of SFI in vitro with endothelial cells. After detecting the cell viability, the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK), phosphorylated IKK, phosphorylated NF-κB and phosphorylated IκB-α from the supernatant were determined. RESULTS SFI could significantly suppress inflammatory responses, and the mechanism may be via an NF-κB-dependent pathway. The results of high throughput screening (HTS) revealed that protopanaxadiol glycosides (ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rb3, Rc and Rd), protopanaxatriol glycosides (ginsenosides Rg1, Rg2, Re, Rf and F1), diester-type alkaloids (fuziline and neoline) and aconine derivatives (mesaconine and benzoyl-mesaconine) have anti-NF-κB activity. The three compounds (including benzoyl-mesaconine, fuziline and neoline) are the first reported SFI compounds to have NF-κB inhibitor activity. CONCLUSIONS SFI may play a critical role in counteracting inflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The active ingredients are protopanaxadiol glycosides, protopanaxatriol glycosides, diester-type alkaloids and aconine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Bin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoqing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xianghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Nianwei Chang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
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The Effect of Wenxin Keli on the mRNA Expression Profile of Rabbits with Myocardial Infarction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2352614. [PMID: 27843475 PMCID: PMC5098077 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2352614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims. The molecular mechanisms of Chinese traditional medicine Wenxin Keli (WXKL) were unknown. This study was aimed at exploring the effects of WXKL on the gene expression profile and pathological alteration of rabbits with myocardial infarction. Methods. Twenty male adult rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, model, WXKL, and captopril groups. Model, WXKL, and captopril groups underwent the ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery while sham group went through an identical procedure without ligation. WXKL (817 mg/kg/d), captopril (8 mg/kg/d), and distilled water (to model and sham groups) were administered orally to each group. After 4 weeks, the rabbits were examined with echocardiography and the hearts were taken for expression chip and pathological staining (H&E, Masson, and Tunel) studies. Results. The data revealed that WXKL downregulated genes associated with inflammation (CX3CR1, MRC1, and FPR1), apoptosis (CTSC and TTC5), and neurohumoral system (ACE and EDN1) and upregulated angiogenesis promoting genes such as RSPO3. Moreover, the results also showed that WXKL improved cardiac function and prevented histopathological injury and apoptosis. Conclusion. The present study demonstrated that WXKL might play an important role in inhibiting inflammation, renin-angiotensin system, and apoptosis. It might be a promising Chinese medicine in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction.
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Willis MS, Ilaiwy A, Montgomery MD, Simpson PC, Jensen BC. The alpha-1A adrenergic receptor agonist A61603 reduces cardiac polyunsaturated fatty acid and endocannabinoid metabolites associated with inflammation in vivo. Metabolomics 2016; 12:155. [PMID: 28533737 PMCID: PMC5437747 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alpha-1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with three highly homologous subtypes (α1A, α1B, and α1D). Of these three subtypes, only the α1A and α1B are expressed in the heart. Multiple pre-clinical models of heart injury demonstrate cardioprotective roles for the α1A. Non-selective α1-AR activation promotes glycolysis in the heart, but the functional α1-AR subtype and broader metabolic effects have not been studied. OBJECTIVES Given the high metabolic demands of the heart and previous evidence indicating benefit from α1A activation, we chose to investigate the effects of α1A activation on the cardiac metabolome in vivo. METHODS Mice were treated for one week with a low, subpressor dose of A61603, a highly selective and potent α1A agonist. Cardiac tissue and serum were analyzed using a non-targeted metabolomics approach. RESULTS We identified previously unrecognized metabolic responses to α1A activation, most notably broad reduction in the abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and endocannabinoids (ECs). CONCLUSION Given the well characterized roles of PUFAs and ECs in inflammatory pathways, these findings suggest a possible role for cardiac α1A-ARs in the regulation of inflammation and may offer novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective benefit of selective pharmacologic α1A activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monte S. Willis
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Amro Ilaiwy
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Paul C. Simpson
- VA Medical Center and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian C. Jensen
- McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Yan W, Liu C, Li R, Mu Y, Jia Q, He K. Usefulness of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Predicting Adverse Events in Elderly Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2016; 57:615-21. [PMID: 27535715 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.16-049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio has been associated with poor outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but it has not been studied in elderly patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).In this study, we analyzed 1355 elderly patients admitted with CHF. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the independent association of the N/L ratio with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The patients were then divided into tertiles according to the N/L ratios. We used Cox regression analysis to assess the association between the N/L ratio and subsequent major cardiovascular events (MCE), including cardiac death and rehospitalization for heart failure.In the multiple logistic regression analysis, the N/L ratio was identified as a risk factor for CKD in elderly patients with CHF (odds ratio [OR] = 1.170, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.054 to 1.298, P = 0.003). The median follow-up period was 18 months. In a multivariate analysis with the lowest tertile as the reference, the highest tertile of the N/L ratio remained significantly associated with MCE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.425, 95% CI 1.109 to 1.832, P = 0.006), cardiac death (HR = 1.747, 95% CI 1.032 to 2.958, P = 0.038), and rehospitalization for heart failure (HR = 1.461, 95% CI 1.108 to 1.927, P = 0.007).In elderly patients with CHF, the N/L ratio is one of the important risk factors for CKD and the highest tertile of the N/L ratio is associated with an increased risk for MCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital
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Dhondup Y, Ueland T, Dahl CP, Askevold ET, Sandanger Ø, Fiane A, Ohm IK, Sjaastad I, Finsen AV, Wæhre A, Gullestad L, Aukrust P, Yndestad A, Vinge LE. Low Circulating Levels of Mitochondrial and High Levels of Nuclear DNA Predict Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure. J Card Fail 2016; 22:823-8. [PMID: 27349571 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and possibly nuclear DNA (nDNA) are released as danger-associated molecular patterns during cardiac stress, and may activate several innate immune receptors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of these danger-associated molecular patterns during human heart failure (HF). METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma levels of mtDNA and nDNA from HF patients (n = 84) were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and compared with controls (n = 72). Increased levels of mtDNA were found in New York Heart Association (NYHA) I-II and NYHA III-IV. There was evidence of increased nDNA in NYHA III-IV compared with controls and NYHA I-II. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed higher mortality in patients with high nDNA levels, whereas high levels of mtDNA were associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of mtDNA and nDNA are elevated in human HF associated with increased and decreased mortality, respectively. This study may suggest a rationale for exploring interventions within inflammatory signaling pathways activated by nucleic acids as novel targets in treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchen Dhondup
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen Peder Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Erik Tandberg Askevold
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øystein Sandanger
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnt Fiane
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Kristine Ohm
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Vanessa Finsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Wæhre
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute for Experimental Research, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars Gullestad
- Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Aukrust
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arne Yndestad
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Inflammation Research Center, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Leif Erik Vinge
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Center for Heart failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Internal Medicine, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Gao W, Wang H, Zhang L, Cao Y, Bao JZ, Liu ZX, Wang LS, Yang Q, Lu X. Retinol-Binding Protein 4 Induces Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Activating TLR4/MyD88 Pathway. Endocrinology 2016; 157:2282-93. [PMID: 27100622 PMCID: PMC4891784 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance plays a major role in the development and progression of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Heart failure in turn promotes insulin resistance and increases the risk for diabetes. The vicious cycle determines significant mortality in patients with heart failure and diabetes. However, the underlying mechanisms for the vicious cycle are not fully elucidated. Here we show that circulating levels and adipose expression of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), an adipokine that contributes to systemic insulin resistance, were elevated in cardiac hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic constriction and angiotensin-II (Ang-II) infusion. Ang-II increased RBP4 expression in adipocytes, which was abolished by losartan, an Ang-II receptor blocker. The elevated RBP4 in cardiac hypertrophy may have pathophysiological consequences because RBP4 increased cell size, enhanced protein synthesis, and elevated the expression of hypertrophic markers including Anp, Bnp, and Myh7 in primary cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, RBP4 induced the expression and activity of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in cardiomyocytes, resulting in enhanced inflammation and reactive oxygen species production. Inhibition or knockdown of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway attenuated inflammatory and hypertrophic responses to RBP4 stimulation. Importantly, RBP4 also reduced the expression of glucose transporter-4 and impaired insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in cardiomyocytes. This impairment was ameliorated in cardiomyocytes from TLR4 knockout mice. Therefore, RBP4 may be a critical modulator promoting the vicious cycle of insulin resistance and heart failure by activating TLR4/MyD88-mediated inflammatory pathways. Potentially, lowering RBP4 might break the vicious cycle and improve both insulin resistance and cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Ji-Zhang Bao
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zheng-Xia Liu
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Wang
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics (W.G., Z.-X.L., X.L.), the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, China; Department of Medicine, Physiology, and Biophysics (W.G., L.Z., Y.C., J.-Z.B., Q.Y.), Center for Diabetes Research and Treatment, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; and Department of Cardiology (H.W., L.-S.W.), the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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49
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Clinical significance of red blood cell distribution width in the prediction of mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2016; 35:114-8. [PMID: 27366667 PMCID: PMC4919502 DOI: 10.1016/j.krcp.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we assessed whether red blood cell distribution width (RDW) was associated with all-cause mortality in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluated its prognostic value. Methods This study included 136 patients who had RDW levels at PD initiation from January 2007 to January 2014 at the Presbyterian Medical Center and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. We divided these patients into 2 groups (survivors vs. nonsurvivors), compared their clinical characteristics, and analyzed the predictors of survival. Results The study included 79 men and 57 women, with a mean age of 54 years (range, 15–85 years). The mean follow-up duration was 32 months (range, 1–80 months). Of 136 patients, 14 died during the follow-up period. When clinical characteristics of survivors (n = 122) and nonsurvivors (n = 14) were compared, no differences were identified, with the exception of serum albumin, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), left ventricular ejection fraction, total leukocyte count, and RDW value. Survivors had higher serum albumin (3.4 ± 0.5 vs. 3.0 ± 0.5 g/dL, P < 0.001) and left ventricular ejection fraction (56.8 ± 9.8 vs. 48.7 ± 12.8, P = 0.040) and lower TIBC (213.4 ± 40.9 vs. 252.8 ± 65.6, P = 0.010), total leukocyte counts (6.9 × 103/μL vs. 8.6 × 103/μL, P = 0.009), and serum RDW values (13.9 ± 1.7 vs. 16.0 ± 1.8, P < 0.001). Patients with high RDW levels (≥ 14.8) showed significantly higher all-cause mortality than patients with low RDW levels (< 14.8, P < 0.001). In multivariate-adjusted Cox analysis, RDW and TIBC at the start of PD were independent risk predictors for all-cause mortality. Conclusion RDW could be an additive predictor for all-cause mortality in patients on PD.
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50
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Zegkos T, Kitas G, Dimitroulas T. Cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis: assessment, management and next steps. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2016; 8:86-101. [PMID: 27247635 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x16643340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality which cannot be fully explained by traditional CV risk factors; cumulative inflammatory burden and antirheumatic medication-related cardiotoxicity seem to be important contributors. Despite the acknowledgment and appreciation of CV disease burden in RA, optimal management of individuals with RA represents a challenging task which remains suboptimal. To address this need, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) published recommendations suggesting the adaptation of traditional risk scores by using a multiplication factor of 1.5 if two of three specific criteria are fulfilled. Such guidance requires proper coordination of several medical specialties, including general practitioners, rheumatologists, cardiologists, exercise physiologists and psychologists to achieve a desirable result. Tight control of disease activity, management of traditional risk factors and lifestyle modification represent, amongst others, the most important steps in improving CV disease outcomes in RA patients. Rather than enumerating studies and guidelines, this review attempts to critically appraise current literature, highlighting future perspectives of CV risk management in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Zegkos
- First Cardiology Department, AHEPA University Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Kitas
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, School of Translational Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodoros Dimitroulas
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokratio Hospital, 49 Konstantinoupoleos Str, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
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