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Llamasares-Castillo A, Uclusin-Bolibol R, Rojsitthisak P, Alcantara KP. In vitro and in vivo studies of the therapeutic potential of Tinospora crispa extracts in osteoarthritis: Targeting oxidation, inflammation, and chondroprotection. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118446. [PMID: 38857679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The increasing incidence of osteoarthritis (OA), especially among the elderly population, highlights the need for more efficacious treatments that go beyond mere symptomatic relief. Tinospora crispa (L.) Hook. f. & Thomson (TC) boasts a rich traditional heritage, widespread use in Ayurveda, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), and diverse indigenous healing practices throughout Southeast Asia for treating arthritis, rheumatism, fever, and inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigates the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective potential of TC stem extracts, including ethanolic TC extract (ETCE) and aqueous TC extract (ATCE), in modulating OA pathogenesis through in vitro and in vivo approaches. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study utilized LC-MS/MS to identify key compounds in TC stem extracts. In vitro experiments assessed the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of ETCE and ATCE in activated macrophages, while an in vivo monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA rat model evaluated the efficacy of ETCE treatment. Key markers of oxidative stress, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), were assessed alongside pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and matrix-degrading enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP 13 and MMP 3), to evaluate the therapeutic effects of TC stem extracts on OA. RESULTS Chemical profiling of the extracts was conducted using LC-MS/MS in positive ionization, identifying seven compounds, including pseudolaric acid B, stylopine, and reticuline, which were reported for the first time in this species. The study utilized varying concentrations of TC stem extracts, specifically 6.25-25 μg/mL for in vitro assays and 500 mg/kg for in vivo studies. Our findings also revealed that both ETCE and ATCE exhibit dose-dependent reduction in reactive oxygen species (41%-52%) and nitric oxide (NO) levels (50% and 72%), with ETCE displaying superior antioxidative efficacy and marked anti-inflammatory properties, significantly reducing TNF-α and IL-6 at concentrations above 12.5 μg/mL. In the MIA-induced OA rat model, ETCE treatment notably outperformed ATCE, markedly lowering TNF-α (1.91 ± 0.37 pg/mL) and IL-1β (26.30 ± 3.68 pg/mL) levels and effectively inhibiting MMP 13 and MMP 3 enzymes. Furthermore, macroscopic and histopathological assessments, including ICRS scoring and OARSI grading, indicate that TC stem extracts reduce articular damage and proteoglycan loss in rat knee cartilage. These results suggest that TC stem extracts may play a role in preventing cartilage degradation and potentially alleviating inflammation and pain associated with OA, though further studies are needed to confirm these effects. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of TC stem extracts as a novel, chondroprotective therapeutic avenue for OA management. By targeting oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and cartilage-degrading enzymes, TC stem extracts promise to prevent cartilage degradation and alleviate inflammation and pain associated with OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Llamasares-Castillo
- The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences (RCNAS), University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines; Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, 1015, Philippines.
| | | | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Khent Primo Alcantara
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand; Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Liu X, Jiao X, Cheng Y, Ma Y, Bu J, Jin B, Li Q, Hu Z, Tang J, Lai C, Wang J, Cui G, Chen Y, Guo J, Huang L. Structure-function analysis of CYP719As involved in methylenedioxy bridge-formation in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids and its de novo production. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:23. [PMID: 36737755 PMCID: PMC9898898 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a type of secondary metabolite with clinical application value. (S)-stylopine is a special BIA which contains methylenedioxy bridge structures. CYP719As could catalyze the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the A or D rings of protoberberine alkaloids, while displaying significant substrate regiospecificity. To explore the substrate preference of CYP719As, we cloned and identified five CyCYP719A candidates from Corydalis yanhusuo. Two CyCYP719As (CyCYP719A39 and CyCYP719A42) with high catalytic efficiency for the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the D or A rings were characterized, respectively. The residues (Leu 294 for CyCYP719A42 and Asp 289 for CyCYP719A39) were identified as the key to controlling the regioselectivity of CYP719As affecting the methylenedioxy bridge-formation on the A or D rings by homology modeling and mutation analysis. Furthermore, for de novo production of BIAs, CyCYP719A39, CyCYP719A42, and their mutants were introduced into the (S)-scoulerine-producing yeast to produce 32 mg/L (S)-stylopine. These results lay a foundation for understanding the structure-function relationship of CYP719A-mediated methylenedioxy bridge-formation and provide yeast strains for the BIAs production by synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyu Liu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China ,grid.256922.80000 0000 9139 560XSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 156 Jinshuidong Road, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Xiang Jiao
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yatian Cheng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Ying Ma
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Junling Bu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Baolong Jin
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Qishuang Li
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhimin Hu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Jinfu Tang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Jian Wang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Guanghong Cui
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yun Chen
- grid.5371.00000 0001 0775 6028Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Juan Guo
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Luqi Huang
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409State Key Laboratory of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No.16 Neinanxiaojie, Dongzhimen, Beijing, 100700 China
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Urui M, Yamada Y, Nakagawa A, Sato F, Minami H, Shitan N. Enhanced Co-culture System Using Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) for Improved Microbial Production of Valuable Plant Alkaloids. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1494-1497. [PMID: 37779052 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Advancements in synthetic biology have facilitated the microbial production of valuable plant metabolites. However, constructing complete biosynthetic pathways within a single host organism remains challenging. To solve this problem, modular co-culture systems involving host organisms with partial pathways have been developed. We focused on Escherichia coli, a general host for metabolite production, and Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii), a novel synthetic biology host due to its high expression of biosynthetic enzymes. Previously, we reported the co-culture of E. coli cells, which produce reticuline (an important intermediate for various alkaloids) from glycerol, with P. pastoris cells, which produce the valuable alkaloid stylopine from reticuline. However, Pichia cells inhibited E. coli growth and reticuline production. Therefore, we aimed to improve this co-culture system. We investigated the pre-culture time before co-culture to enhance E. coli growth and reticuline production. Additionally, we examined the optimal concentration of Pichia cells inoculated for co-culture and methanol addition during co-culture for the continuous expression of biosynthetic enzymes in Pichia cells. We successfully established an improved co-culture system that exhibited an 80-fold increase in productivity compared to previous methods. This enhanced system holds great potential for the rapid and large-scale production of various valuable plant metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya Urui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
| | - Akira Nakagawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University
| | - Hiromichi Minami
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University
| | - Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University
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Popovic A, Deljanin M, Popovic S, Todorovic D, Djurdjevic P, Matic S, Stankovic M, Avramovic D, Baskic D. Chelidonium majus crude extract induces activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1554-1566. [PMID: 33706629 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1897534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of crude Chelidonium majus L ethanolic extract on ex vivo harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). PBMNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The PBMNC cytotoxicity assay was performed with HeLa tumor cells as target cells. MTT assay was used to estimate the proliferation effect of extract and cytotoxic efficiency of treated PBMNCs. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping. Treatment induced moderate proliferative response, perturbation in PBMNC ratios, and the emergence of some unconventional subpopulations. The percentage ratio of double positive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and monocytes, ratio of T and B lymphocytes expressing CD14, and percentage of NK cells expressing CD57 increased after treatment, indicating activation of PBMNC subpopulations. Cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells was enhanced. Activation of PBMNCs and enhancement of their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells indicate the immunostimulatory effect of Ch. majus ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popovic
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Suzana Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matic
- Doctoral Academic Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stankovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Baskic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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Isolation, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of isoquinoline alkaloids from Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl. against gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 60:116705. [PMID: 35286954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Isoquinoline alkaloid displays significant anti-gastric cancer effects due to its unique structure, which is attracting more and more attention for the development of anti-gastric cancer drugs. In this study, we explore the active components against gastric cancer from the Tibetan Medicine Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl, which is rich in isoquinoline alkaloids. 14 compounds including 2 previously undescribed natural products were obtained. Interestingly, an new active compound displays potent anti-gastric cancer activity. After accomplishing the total syntheses of the active compound and its derivatives, the anti-gastric cancer activity of the active compound was further investigated. In vitro experiments revealed that the active compound significantly attenuated the proliferative capacity, caused G2/M phase arrest, inhibited the cell migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, the active compound could increase the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, elevate cytochrome c in the cytosol, and activate caspase-9/3, along with inactivating the upstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, the active compound could also cause gastric cancer cell death by inhibiting topoisomerase I activity. More importantly, the anti-gastric cancer activity of the active compound was confirmed in MGC-803 xenograft nude mice in vivo. This work not only promotes the exploitation of Corydalis hendersonii Hemsl., but also provides some experience for discovering new entities from natural sources.
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Ra Kasem N, A Mannaa F, G Abdel-Wahhab K, H Mourad H, F Gomaa H. Preventive Efficiency of Chelidonium majus Ethanolic Extract Against Aflatoxin B 1 Induced Neurochemical Deteriorations in Rats. Pak J Biol Sci 2022; 25:234-244. [PMID: 35234014 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2022.234.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Aflatoxins affect many species including humans and animals, therefore the present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of <i>Chelidonium majus</i> Ethanolic Extract (CMEE) on neurotoxicity induced by Aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB1) in rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Four groups of male Albino rats were treated orally for 28 days as follows: (1) Control group was daily given DMSO-PBS buffer (1.0 mL per rat), (2) CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer, (3) AFB1 (80 μg kg<sup>1</sup>/day) dissolved in DMSO-PBS buffer and (4) Received daily AFB1 (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>) in combination with CMEE (300 mg kg<sup>1</sup>). <b>Results:</b> CMEE exhibits antioxidant activity <i>in vitro</i> and neuroameliorative efficiency <i>in vivo</i> as its administration in combination with AFB1 succeeded significantly in down regulating the elevated levels of inflammatory and apoptotic markers and restoring the values of neurochemical markers (AChE-ase, dopamine and serotonin) that were deteriorated by AFB1 intake. <b>Conclusion:</b> In conclusion, the neuroprotective effect of CMEE may be mediated through its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity that proved from the data<i> </i>of ferric-reducing power ability and DPPH radical scavenging activity.
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Urui M, Yamada Y, Ikeda Y, Nakagawa A, Sato F, Minami H, Shitan N. Establishment of a co-culture system using Escherichia coli and Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) for valuable alkaloid production. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:200. [PMID: 34663314 PMCID: PMC8522034 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Plants produce a variety of specialized metabolites, many of which are used in pharmaceutical industries as raw materials. However, certain metabolites may be produced at markedly low concentrations in plants. This problem has been overcome through metabolic engineering in recent years, and the production of valuable plant compounds using microorganisms such as Escherichia coli or yeast cells has been realized. However, the development of complicated pathways in a single cell remains challenging. Additionally, microbial cells may experience toxicity from the bioactive compounds produced or negative feedback effects exerted on their biosynthetic enzymes. Thus, co-culture systems, such as those of E. coli–E. coli and E. coli-Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been developed, and increased production of certain compounds has been achieved. Recently, a co-culture system of Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) has gained considerable attention due to its potential utility in increased production of valuable compounds. However, its co-culture with other organisms such as E. coli, which produce important intermediates at high concentrations, has not been reported. Results Here, we present a novel co-culture platform for E. coli and P. pastoris. Upstream E. coli cells produced reticuline from a simple carbon source, and the downstream P. pastoris cells produced stylopine from reticuline. We investigated the effect of four media commonly used for growth and production of P. pastoris, and found that buffered methanol-complex medium (BMMY) was suitable for P. pastoris cells. Reticuline-producing E. coli cells also showed better growth and reticuline production in BMMY medium than that in LB medium. De novo production of the final product, stylopine from a simple carbon source, glycerol, was successful upon co-culture of both strains in BMMY medium. Further analysis of the initial inoculation ratio showed that a higher ratio of E. coli cells compared to P. pastoris cells led to higher production of stylopine. Conclusions This is the first report of co-culture system established with engineered E. coli and P. pastoris for the de novo production of valuable compounds. The co-culture system established herein would be useful for increased production of heterologous biosynthesis of complex specialized plant metabolites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12934-021-01687-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miya Urui
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshito Ikeda
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akira Nakagawa
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Department of Plant Gene and Totipotency, Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Minami
- Research Institute for Bioresources and Biotechnology, Ishikawa Prefectural University, Nonoichi-shi, Ishikawa, 921-8836, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Shitan
- Laboratory of Medicinal Cell Biology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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Ren CZ, Hu WY, Zhang JW, Wei YY, Yu ML, Hu TJ. Establishment of inflammatory model induced by Pseudorabies virus infection in mice. J Vet Sci 2021; 22:e20. [PMID: 33774936 PMCID: PMC8007442 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2021.22.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to high mortality in swine. Despite extensive efforts, effective treatments against PRV infection are limited. Furthermore, the inflammatory response induced by PRV strain GXLB-2013 is unclear. OBJECTIVES Our study aimed to investigate the inflammatory response induced by PRV strain GXLB-2013, establish an inflammation model to elucidate the pathogenesis of PRV infection further, and develop effective drugs against PRV infection. METHODS Kunming mice were infected intramuscularly with medium, LPS, and different doses of PRV-GXLB-2013. Viral spread and histopathological damage to brain, spleen, and lung were determined at 7 days post-infection (dpi). Immune organ indices, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and inflammatory cytokines, as well as levels of activity of COX-2 and iNOS were determined at 4, 7, and 14 dpi. RESULTS At 10⁵-10⁶ TCID50 PRV produced obviously neurological symptoms and 100% mortality in mice. Viral antigens were detectable in kidney, heart, lung, liver, spleen, and brain. In addition, inflammatory injuries were apparent in brain, spleen, and lung of PRV-infected mice. Moreover, PRV induced increases in immune organ indices, ROS and NO levels, activity of COX-2 and iNOS, and the content of key pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and MCP-1. Among the tested doses, 10² TCID50 of PRV produced a significant inflammatory mediator increase. CONCLUSIONS An inflammatory model induced by PRV infection was established in mice, and 10² TCID50 PRV was considered as the best concentration for the establishment of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Zhi Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.,Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, PR China
| | - Wen Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Jin Wu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ying Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Mei Ling Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Ting Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Comparative analysis of metabolic variations, antioxidant potential and cytotoxic effects in different parts of Chelidonium majus L. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112483. [PMID: 34375721 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic variations, antioxidant potential and cytotoxic effects were investigated in the different plant parts like the leaf, stem, flower, pod, and root of C. majus L. using spectroscopic and chromatographic methods. Total phenolics and flavonoids were studied in the different parts of C. majus L., leaf showed higher flavonoid content (137.43 mg/g), while the pod showed the highest phenolic (23.67 mg/g) content, when compared with the stem, flower and root. In the ABTS antioxidant assay, the flower extract showed 57.94% effect, while the leaf, pod and root extract exhibited 39.10%, 36.08% and 28.88% activity, respectively. The pod and leaf extracts demonstrated the potential effect, exhibiting 45.46 and 41.61% activity, respectively, for the DPPH assay. Similar to the phosphomolybdenum assay, the flower revealed higher antioxidant activity (46.82%) than the other plant parts. The in vitro SRB assay facilitated evaluation of the cytotoxic effect against the HeLa and CaSki human cervical cancerous cells. The extract displayed dose-dependent inhibitory effect on both the cell lines. The highest cytotoxic effect was observed in the pod and flower extracts post 48 h of exposure at 1000 μg/mL. The results of C. majus L. offered new insights in the preliminary steps regarding the development of a high value product for phytomedicine applications though promising metabolic variations with antioxidant and anticancer potentials.
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Yao T, Yan J, Li Y, Wang J, Qiao M, Hu X, Shi X, Cao S, Qiu F. An integrated approach based on phytochemistry, network pharmacology and metabolomics reveals the mechanism of action of Xanthium strumarium L. for allergic rhinitis. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41154-41163. [PMID: 35519219 PMCID: PMC9057783 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06763f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium L. (XS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been widely used in Chinese medicine prescription for allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the action mechanisms of XS on the therapeutic effects on AR remain elusive. Herein, an integrated approach of phytochemistry, network pharmacology and metabolomics was first applied to uncover the action mechanisms of XS for AR. The therapeutic effect of XS extract on AR was evaluated in rat models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR. The cytokine levels in rat serum and histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were assessed after oral treatment with XS. Chemical compositions of XS were elucidated by phytochemical methods, and active ingredients were identified via ADME-TOX screening in silico. Network pharmacology was performed to establish and analyze the compound-target-disease network so as to find the possible mechanism of XS in treating AR. In addition, metabolomics analysis was applied to investigate the changes in the endogenous metabolite levels that result from XS treatments. As result, the XS extract significantly increased the serum concentrations of IL-2 and reduced the levels of serum IL-4, while XS could ameliorate inflammation in the nasal sub-mucosal area, indicating that XS has significant therapeutic effects on AR model rats. Furthermore, a total of 119 compounds were isolated from XS, and 59 of these compounds were identified as active ingredients through ADME-TOX screening in silico. An in-depth analysis of the network pharmacology implied that the active ingredients of XS could regulate the inflammatory response via “multi-component, multi-target” patterns. In combination with the results of metabolomics, we found that the active ingredients of XS have a beneficial effect on AR through regulating the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which was reflected by medicating the Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway, and the neuroactive ligand–receptor interaction pathway, as well as the key proteins in arachidonic acid metabolism, such as PTGS2, PTGS1, PTGES and ALOX5. Additionally, molecular docking showed that multiple compounds have better binding with PTGS2 and ALOX5, which might be two crucial targets. Overall, these results suggest that the treatment of XS for AR is realized by regulating the metabolism of arachidonic acid via a combination form. This study provides the basis for clinical applications of XS. This study investigated the mechanism of Xanthium strumarium L. for allergic rhinitis through an integrated approach of phytochemistry, network pharmacology and metabolomics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Jiankun Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China.,Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University Cangzhou 061100 China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Miao Qiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Xintong Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Xuliu Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China.,Analysis Center of College of Science & Technology, Hebei Agricultural University Cangzhou 061100 China
| | - Shijie Cao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China .,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617 China
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11
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Abstract
Background: In 2020, the world has struggled to deal with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in 2019 in China and has spread throughout the globe, affecting at least 31,175,835 humans globally and claiming 962,634 lives reported till 22nd September, 2020 by the World Health Organization. The main causative agent for this disease is known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). So far, there is no cure or proven therapeutics available till date. Therefore, we undertook this study to find the most probable drug candidate through a bioinformatics study. Methods: Thus, we virtually screened the Zinc natural database using HTVS tool through molecular docking studies to analyze molecules recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. Results: Ramipril benzyl ester, propafenone dimer and Lariciresinol are three important drugs found from the present study due to their medicinal application which could be helpful in treating the disease. Stylopine, quillaic acid, cinobufagin, vitisinol C, segetalin A, scopolamine, 3-oxo glycyrrhetinic acid, conchinone B, lactimidomycin and cardinalins 4 are the other lead molecules that could be used as therapeutics against COVID-19 disease. Conclusions: The studied molecules could act as an effective inhibitory drug against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Singh
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Hector Florez
- Universidad Distrital Francisco Jose de Caldas, Bogota, Colombia
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12
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Mi B, Li Q, Li T, Marshall J, Sai J. A network pharmacology study on analgesic mechanism of Yuanhu-Baizhi herb pair. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 32948176 PMCID: PMC7501664 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Millions of people are suffering from chronic pain conditions, such as headache, arthritis, cancer. Apart from western medicines, traditional Chinese medicines are also well accepted for pain management, especially in Asian countries. Yuanhu-Baizhi herb pair (YB) is a typical herb pair applied to the treatment of stomach pain, hypochondriac pain, headache, and dysmenorrhea, due to its effects on analgesia and sedation. This study is to identify potentially active compounds and the underlying mechanisms of YB in the treatment of pain. METHODS Compounds in YB were collected from 3 online databases and then screened by bioavailability and drug likeness parameters. Swiss target prediction was applied to obtain targets information of the active compounds. Pain-related genes were conducted for Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks of the genes were constructed using Cytoscape software. In addition, the hub genes were screened using maximal clique centrality (MCC) algorithm. RESULTS In total, 31 compounds from Yuanhu were screened out with 35 putative target genes, while 26 compounds in Baizhi with 43 target genes were discovered. Hence, 78 potential target genes of YB were selected for further study. After overlap analysis of the 78 genes of YB and 2408 pain-associated genes, we finally achieved 34 YB-pain target genes, as well as 10 hub genes and 23 core compounds. Go enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis indicated that YB had a strong integration with neuro system, which might significantly contribute to antinociceptive effect. CONCLUSION Our data provide deep understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of YB in attenuating pain. The discovery shed new light on the development of active compounds of YB for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Mi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiushi Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Integrative Medicine Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tong Li
- Department of oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jessica Marshall
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jiayang Sai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China. .,Department of oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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13
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Intestinal anti-inflammatory activity of the total alkaloid fraction from Fumaria capreolata in the DSS model of colitis in mice. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Yin X, Zhao F, Feng X, Li J, Yang X, Zhang H, Tu P, Chai X. Four new spirobenzylisoquinoline N-oxide alkaloids from the whole plant of Corydalis hendersonii. Fitoterapia 2018; 128:31-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Zielińska S, Jezierska-Domaradzka A, Wójciak-Kosior M, Sowa I, Junka A, Matkowski AM. Greater Celandine's Ups and Downs-21 Centuries of Medicinal Uses of Chelidonium majus From the Viewpoint of Today's Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:299. [PMID: 29713277 PMCID: PMC5912214 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As antique as Dioscorides era are the first records on using Chelidonium as a remedy to several sicknesses. Inspired by the "signatura rerum" principle and an apparent ancient folk tradition, various indications were given, such as anti-jaundice and cholagogue, pain-relieving, and quite often mentioned-ophthalmological problems. Central and Eastern European folk medicine has always been using this herb extensively. In this region, the plant is known under many unique vernacular names, especially in Slavonic languages, associated or not with old Greek relation to "chelidon"-the swallow. Typically for Papaveroidae subfamily, yellow-colored latex is produced in abundance and leaks intensely upon injury. Major pharmacologically relevant components, most of which were first isolated over a century ago, are isoquinoline alkaloids-berberine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, coptisine, sanguinarine. Modern pharmacology took interest in this herb but it has not ended up in gaining an officially approved and evidence-based herbal medicine status. On the contrary, the number of relevant studies and publications tended to drop. Recently, some controversial reports and sometimes insufficiently proven studies appeared, suggesting anticancer properties. Anticancer potential was in line with anecdotical knowledge spread in East European countries, however, in the absence of directly-acting cytostatic compounds, some other mechanisms might be involved. Other properties that could boost the interest in this herb are antimicrobial and antiviral activities. Being a common synanthropic weed or ruderal plant, C. majus spreads in all temperate Eurasia and acclimates well to North America. Little is known about the natural variation of bioactive metabolites, including several aforementioned isoquinoline alkaloids. In this review, we put together older and recent literature data on phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical studies on C. majus aiming at a critical evaluation of state-of-the-art from the viewpoint of historical and folk indications. The controversies around this herb, the safety and drug quality issues and a prospective role in phytotherapy are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Zielińska
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jezierska-Domaradzka
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Ireneusz Sowa
- Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Junka
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Parasitology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adam M. Matkowski
- Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
- Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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16
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Devi NS, Ramanan M, Paragi-Vedanthi P, Doble M. Phytochemicals as multi-target inhibitors of the inflammatory pathway- A modeling and experimental study. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:467-473. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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17
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Bribi N, Algieri F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Vezza T, Garrido-Mesa J, Utrilla MP, Del Mar Contreras M, Maiza F, Segura-Carretero A, Rodriguez-Cabezas ME, Gálvez J. Intestinal anti-inflammatory effects of total alkaloid extract from Fumaria capreolata in the DNBS model of mice colitis and intestinal epithelial CMT93 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:901-13. [PMID: 27387398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaria capreolata L. (Papaveraceae) is a botanical drug used in North Africa for its gastro-intestinal and anti-inflammatory properties. It is characterized for the presence of several alkaloids that could be responsible for some of its effects, including an immunomodulatory activity. PURPOSE To test in vivo the intestinal anti-inflammatory properties of the total alkaloid fraction extracted from the aerial parts of F. capreolata (AFC), and to evaluate its effects on an intestinal epithelial cell line. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS AFC was chemically characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detection and high resolution mass spectrometry. Different doses of AFC (25, 50 and 100mg/kg) were assayed in the DNBS model of experimental colitis in mice, and the colonic damage was evaluated both histologically and biochemically. In addition, in vitro experiments were performed with this alkaloid fraction on the mouse intestinal epithelial cell line CMT93 stimulated with LPS. RESULTS The chemical analysis of AFC revealed the presence of 23 alkaloids, being the most abundants stylopine, protopine and coptisine. Oral administration of AFC produced a significant inhibition of the release and the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the colonic tissue. It also suppressed in vivo the transcription of other pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β, iNOS, IL-12 and IL-17. Furthermore, AFC showed an immunomodulatory effect in vitro since it was able to inhibit the mRNA expression of IL-6, TNF-α and ICAM-1. Moreover, the beneficial effect of AFC in the colitic mice could also be associated with the normalization of the expression of MUC-2 and ZO-1, which are important for the intestinal epithelial integrity. CONCLUSION The present study suggests that AFC, containing 1.3% of stylopine and 0.9% of protopine, significantly exerted intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in an experimental model of mouse colitis. This fact could be related to a modulation of the intestinal immune response and a restoration of the intestinal epithelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureddine Bribi
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria; CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Teresa Vezza
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Jose Garrido-Mesa
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - María Pilar Utrilla
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Contreras
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071-Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016-Granada, Spain
| | - Fadila Maiza
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales et Ethnobotanique, Faculté des Sciences de la Nature et de la Vie, Université de Bejaia, 06000 Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071-Granada, Spain; Research and Development Centre for Functional Food (CIDAF), Health-Science Technological Park, Avenida del Conocimiento 37, 18016-Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Elena Rodriguez-Cabezas
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- CIBER-EHD, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n 18016-Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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Schmidt NG, Eger E, Kroutil W. Building Bridges: Biocatalytic C-C-Bond Formation toward Multifunctional Products. ACS Catal 2016; 6:4286-4311. [PMID: 27398261 PMCID: PMC4936090 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation is the key reaction for organic synthesis to construct the carbon framework of organic molecules. The review gives a selection of biocatalytic C-C-bond-forming reactions which have been investigated during the last 5 years and which have already been proven to be applicable for organic synthesis. In most cases, the reactions lead to products functionalized at the site of C-C-bond formation (e.g., α-hydroxy ketones, aminoalcohols, diols, 1,4-diketones, etc.) or allow to decorate aromatic and heteroaromatic molecules. Furthermore, examples for cyclization of (non)natural precursors leading to saturated carbocycles are given as well as the stereoselective cyclopropanation of olefins affording cyclopropanes. Although many tools are already available, recent research also makes it clear that nature provides an even broader set of enzymes to perform specific C-C coupling reactions. The possibilities are without limit; however, a big library of variants for different types of reactions is required to have the specific enzyme for a desired specific (stereoselective) reaction at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G. Schmidt
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Eger
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- ACIB
GmbH c/o, Department of Chemistry, University
of Graz, Heinrichstrasse
28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department
of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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19
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Hori K, Okano S, Sato F. Efficient microbial production of stylopine using a Pichia pastoris expression system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22201. [PMID: 26923560 PMCID: PMC4770593 DOI: 10.1038/srep22201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stylopine is a protoberberine-type alkaloid that has potential biological activities. Based on the successful microbial production of (S)-reticuline, we attempted to produce stylopine from (S)-reticuline by the reaction of berberine bridge enzyme, cheilanthifoline synthase (CYP719A5), and stylopine synthase (CYP719A2). Biosynthetic enzyme expression was examined in a methanol-utilizing yeast (Pichia pastoris), and both a “consolidated” system with all genes expressed in one cell and a “co-culture” system with three cell lines that each express a single gene were examined. Although both systems efficiently converted reticuline to stylopine, the consolidated system was more rapid and efficient than the co-culture system. However, substrate-feeding experiments revealed a decrease in the conversion efficiency in the consolidated system during successive cultures, whereas the conversion efficiency in the co-culture system remained constant. Thus, the final amount of stylopine produced from reticuline after successive feedings in the co-culture system was more than 150 nmoles from 750 nmoles of (R, S)-reticuline (375 nmoles of (S)-reticuline). The advantages and drawbacks of the “consolidated” system and the “co-culture” system are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hori
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Okano
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Sato
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts from herb of Chelidonium majus L. Cent Eur J Immunol 2016; 40:400-10. [PMID: 26862303 PMCID: PMC4737735 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2015.54607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate analgesic activity ("hot plate" test), anti-inflammatory activity (carrageenan-induced paw edema) and locomotor activity in rats under the influence of three fractions of Chelidonium majus herb extract: full water extract (FWE), protein enriched fraction (PEF), and non-protein fraction (NPF). Effects of the fractions on the level of chosen cytokines and their mRNA levels were also assessed using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration as a proinflammatory cue. All fractions and diclofenac did not affect the locomotor activity of rats in comparison with the control group. FWE and PEF three hours after administration showed statistically significant analgesic activities comparable to morphine (p < 0.05). A slight reduction in rat paw edema was observed after three (comparable with diclofenac) and six hours in the NPF group. FWE revealed a statistically significant pro-inflammatory effect after three hours in comparison with the control group. Peripheral IL-1 and IL-4 cytokine concentrations were reduced under FWE and NPF, PEF fractions. The combination of FWE, PEF and NPF together with LPS showed only the effects of LPS. We suggest that protein enriched fraction (PEF) produced centrally mediated (morphine-like) analgesic action, whereas the anti-inflammatory potential was shown only after LPS-induced inflammation. The precise mechanisms involved in the production of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory responses of studied fractions are not completely understood, but they may be caused rather by the presence of protein more than alkaloids-enriched fraction. This fraction of the extract could be used as an alternative therapy for the prevention of inflammatory-related diseases in the future, but further studies are needed.
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21
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Paulsen J, Yahyazadeh M, Hänsel S, Kleinwächter M, Ibrom K, Selmar D. 13,14-dihydrocoptisine--the genuine alkaloid from Chelidonium majus. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 111:149-53. [PMID: 25666130 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The genuine major benzylisoquinoline alkaloid occurring in the traditional medicinal plant greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is 13,14-dihydrocoptisine and not - as described previously - coptisine. Structure of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine was elucidated. The discrepancy between the alkaloid pattern of the living plants and that of detached and dried leaves is due to the rapid and prompt conversion of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine to coptisine in the course of tissue injuries. Indeed, apart from the major alkaloid, some minor alkaloids might also be converted; this however is not in the centre of focus of this paper. This conversion is initiated by the change of pH. In vivo 13,14-dihydrocoptisine is localized in the acidic vacuoles, where it is stable. In contrast, in the neutral milieu, which results when vacuoles are destroyed in the course of tissue injuries, the genuine alkaloid is oxidized to yield coptisine. Accordingly, when alkaloids from C.majus should be analyzed, any postmortal conversion of 13,14-dihydrocoptisine has to be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Paulsen
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mahdi Yahyazadeh
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Yasouj University, Yasouj, Kohgiluyeh Va Boyer Ahmad, Iran
| | - Sophie Hänsel
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maik Kleinwächter
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kerstin Ibrom
- Chemistry Department, Central NMR Laboratory, TU Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dirk Selmar
- Institute for Plant Biology, TU Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstr. 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Skarydova L, Hofman J, Chlebek J, Havrankova J, Kosanova K, Skarka A, Hostalkova A, Plucha T, Cahlikova L, Wsol V. Isoquinoline alkaloids as a novel type of AKR1C3 inhibitors. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:250-8. [PMID: 24769118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AKR1C3 is an important human enzyme that participates in the reduction of steroids and prostaglandins, which leads to proliferative signalling. In addition, this enzyme also participates in the biotransformation of xenobiotics, such as drugs and procarcinogens. AKR1C3 is involved in the development of both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent cancers and was recently demonstrated to confer cell resistance to anthracyclines. Because AKR1C3 is frequently upregulated in various cancers, this enzyme has been suggested as a therapeutic target for the treatment of these pathological conditions. In this study, nineteen isoquinoline alkaloids were examined for their ability to inhibit a recombinant AKR1C3 enzyme. As a result, stylopine was demonstrated to be the most potent inhibitor among the tested compounds and exhibited moderate selectivity towards AKR1C3. In the follow-up cellular studies, stylopine significantly inhibited the AKR1C3-mediated reduction of daunorubicin in intact cells without considerable cytotoxic effects. This inhibitor could therefore be used as a model AKR1C3 inhibitor in research or evaluated as a possible therapeutic anticancer drug. Furthermore, based on our results, stylopine can serve as a model compound for the design and future development of structurally related AKR1C3 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Skarydova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hofman
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Havrankova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kosanova
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Hostalkova
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Plucha
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlikova
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Wsol
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Li W, Huang H, Niu X, Fan T, Hu H, Li Y, Yao H, Li H, Mu Q. Tetrahydrocoptisine Protects Rats from LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Inflammation 2014; 37:2106-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lei QF, Zhao XL, Xu LJ, Peng Y, Xiao PG. Chemical Constituents of Plants from Tribe Chelidonieae and their Bioactivities. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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25
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Protective effect of tetrahydrocoptisine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Wang H, Yin G, Yu CH, Wang Y, Sun ZL. Inhibitory effect of sanguinarine on PKC-CPI-17 pathway mediating by muscarinic receptors in dispersed intestinal smooth muscle cells. Res Vet Sci 2013; 95:1125-33. [PMID: 23993687 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2013.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of sanguinarine (SA) on PKC-CPI-17 pathway in rat intestinal smooth muscle cells (ISMC). Previous studies indicate that the inhibitory effects of SA on ISMC contraction are possibly mediated by the Ca(2+) influx. ISMC was treated with 1 μM SA for 24h remarkably inhibited the mRNA expression of m2 and m3 receptors. ISMC treated with 1 or 3 μM SA for 30 min significantly decreased the mRNA expression of PKC-δ, PKC-ε, PKC-η, and CPI-17. 1 μM SA could markedly inhibit carbachol (CCh)-mediated increase PKC-δ, PKC-η, and CPI-17 mRNA but had no effect in PKC-ε.Treatment of ISMC with SA (1 μM, 30 min) caused a decrease in protein expression of PKC-δ. However, the expression of CPI-17 was significantly inhibited in a time-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of SA is coupled with alteration of PKC-mediated signal transduction and intracellular Ca(2+) concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
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27
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Wangchuk P, Keller PA, Pyne SG, Taweechotipatr M. Inhibition of TNF-α production in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells by the crude extracts of seven Bhutanese medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:1013-7. [PMID: 23769984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Seven studied medicinal plants; Aconitum laciniatum, Ajania nubigena, Codonopsis bhutanica, Corydalis crispa, Corydalis dubia, Meconopsis simplicifolia and Pleurospermum amabile, are currently used in the Bhutanese Traditional Medicine (BTM) for the management of different types of disorders including the diseases that bore relevance to various inflammatory conditions. AIMS OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the inhibition of TNF-α production in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells by the crude extracts of seven selected Bhutanese medicinal plants. It is expected to; (a) generate a scientific basis for their use in the BTM and (b) form a basis for prioritization of the seven plants for further phytochemical and anti-inflammatory studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven plants were selected using an ethno-directed bio-rational approach and their crude extracts were prepared using four different solvents (methanol, hexane, dichloromethane and chloroform). The TNF-α inhibitory activity of these extracts was determined by cytokine-specific sandwich quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The results were quantified statistically and the statistical significance were evaluated by GraphPad Prism version 5.01 using Student's t-test with one-tailed distribution. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Of the seven plants studied, the crude extracts of six of them inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α in LPS-activated THP-1 monocytic cells. Amongst the six plants, Corydalis crispa gave the best inhibitory activity followed by Pleurospermum amabile, Ajania nubigena, Corydalis dubia, Meconopsis simplicifolia and Codonopsis bhutanica. Of the 13 extracts that exhibited statistically significant TNF-α inhibitory activity (p<0.05; p<0.01), five of them showed very strong inhibition when compared to the DMSO control and RPMI media. CONCLUSIONS Six medicinal plants studied here showed promising TNF-α inhibitory activity. These findings rationalize the traditional use of these selected medicinal plants in the BTM as an individual plant or in combination with other ingredients for the treatment of disorders bearing relevance to the inflammatory conditions. The results forms a good preliminary basis for the prioritization of candidate plant species for an in-depth phytochemical study and anti-inflammatory activity screening of the pure compounds contained within those seven plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phurpa Wangchuk
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
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Li W, Huang H, Zhang Y, Fan T, Liu X, Xing W, Niu X. Anti-inflammatory effect of tetrahydrocoptisine from Corydalis impatiens is a function of possible inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated peritoneal macrophages through inhibiting NF-κB activation and MAPK pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 715:62-71. [PMID: 23810685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracts or constituents from Corydalis impatiens are known to have many pharmacological activities. Tetrahydrocoptisine (THC), a protoberberine compound from Corydalis impatiens, was found to possess a potent anti-inflammatory effect in different acute or chronic inflammation model animals. Pretreatment with THC (i.p.) inhibited the paw and ear edema in the carrageenan-induced paw edema assay and xylene-induced ear edema assay, respectively. In the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced systemic inflammation model, THC significantly inhibited serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) release in mice. To clarify its possible molecular mechanisms underlying this anti-inflammatory effect, we investigated the effect of THC on LPS-induced responses in peritoneal macrophages. Our data demonstrated that THC significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α, interleukin-6(IL-6) and nitric oxide (NO) production. THC inhibited the production of TNF-α and IL-6 by down-regulating LPS-induced IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression. Furthermore, it attenuated the phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2) as well as the expression of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB), in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken together, our data suggest that THC is an active anti-inflammatory constituent by inhibition of TNF-α, IL-6 and NO production possibly via down-regulation of NF-κB activation, phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-p38MAPK signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Li
- School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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29
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Lipopolysaccharides induces MUC5AC overproduction in human nasal epithelium. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 270:541-7. [PMID: 22576247 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-012-2037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperproduction of mucin in the nasal epithelium is an important feature of nasal inflammatory diseases. We investigated the mechanism of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) involvement in mucin 5 subtype AC (MUC5AC) expression in human nasal epithelial cells. The primary human nasal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro, which were treated with LPS (10 nM/ml or 1 μM/ml) for 12 and 24 h. LPS-induced MUC5AC protein was determined in nasal epithelial cells. The levels of nuclear factor kappa B p65 (NF-κBp65) and its inhibitor kappa Bα (IκBα) protein were also detected, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA was detected by real-time PCR. LPS up-regulated MUC5AC protein in human nasal epithelial cells, and we determined that the up-regulation of MUC5AC expression was due to a time- and dose-dependent degradation of IκBα protein, which resulted in the increase of NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. Subsequently, we also determined that LPS can induce IL-1β mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These data show that LPS treatment activated NF-κB by promoting the degradation of IκBα and the nuclear localization of NF-κBp65, which induced MUC5AC overproduction.
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30
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Jung YK, Park HR, Lee EJ, Jeong DH, Kim GW, Choi JY, Han SW. DICAM Inhibits Activation of Macrophage by Lipopolysaccharide. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2012. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2012.19.4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kwan Jung
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hye-Ri Park
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong-Hyoung Jeong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gun-Woo Kim
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Je-Yong Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-woo Han
- Laboratory for Arthritis and Bone Biology, Fatima Research Institute, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea
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Kang J, Zhang Y, Cao X, Fan J, Li G, Wang Q, Diao Y, Zhao Z, Luo L, Yin Z. Lycorine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS and COX-2 up-regulation in RAW264.7 cells through suppressing P38 and STATs activation and increases the survival rate of mice after LPS challenge. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 12:249-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Schrittwieser JH, Resch V, Wallner S, Lienhart WD, Sattler JH, Resch J, Macheroux P, Kroutil W. Biocatalytic organic synthesis of optically pure (S)-scoulerine and berbine and benzylisoquinoline alkaloids. J Org Chem 2011; 76:6703-14. [PMID: 21739961 PMCID: PMC3155283 DOI: 10.1021/jo201056f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach for the asymmetric total synthesis of the title compounds is described that employs an enantioselective oxidative C-C bond formation catalyzed by berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) in the asymmetric key step. This unique reaction yielded enantiomerically pure (R)-benzylisoquinoline derivatives and (S)-berbines such as the natural product (S)-scoulerine, a sedative and muscle relaxing agent. The racemic substrates rac-1 required for the biotransformation were prepared in 4-8 linear steps using either a Bischler-Napieralski cyclization or a C1-Cα alkylation approach. The chemoenzymatic synthesis was applied to the preparation of fourteen enantiomerically pure alkaloids, including the natural products (S)-scoulerine and (R)-reticuline, and gave overall yields of up to 20% over 5-9 linear steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg H. Schrittwieser
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Resch
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolf-Dieter Lienhart
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johann H. Sattler
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jasmin Resch
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Department of Chemistry, Organic & Bioorganic Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Ma W, Dumont Y, Vercauteren F, Quirion R. Lipopolysaccharide induces calcitonin gene-related peptide in the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Immunology 2010; 130:399-409. [PMID: 20141542 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is widely distributed and plays important roles in a wide array of biological functions. It is enriched in primary sensory neurons and hence involved in nociception and neurogenic inflammation. Recent studies have shown that CGRP can be produced by immune cells such as monocytes/macrophages following inflammatory stimulation, suggesting a role in innate immunity. However, it is unclear how CGRP is up-regulated in macrophages and if it plays a role in macrophage functions such as the production of cytokines and chemokines. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and multiplex ELISA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to induce CGRP in the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. LPS-induced inflammatory mediators such as nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signalling are involved in inducing CGRP, whereas the NGF receptor trkA and CGRP receptor signalling pathways are unexpectedly involved in suppressing LPS-induced CGRP, which leads to the fine-tune regulation of CGRP release. Exogenous CGRP and CGRP receptor antagonists, in a concentration-dependent manner, stimulated, inhibited or had no effect on basal or LPS-induced release of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, IL-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-10 in RAW macrophages. The ligand-concentration-dependent regulation of the production of inflammatory mediators by CGRP receptor signalling is a novel mechanism underlying the stimulating and suppressing role of CGRP in immune and inflammatory responses. Together, our data suggest that monocytes/macrophages are an important source of CGRP. Inflammation-induced CGRP has a positive or negative reciprocal effect on the production of other pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Thereby CGRP plays both facilitating and suppressing roles in immune and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiya Ma
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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