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Joshi A, Kaur S, Taneja SK, Mandal R. Review Article on Molecular Mechanism of Regulation of Hypertension by Macro-elements (Na, K, Ca and Mg), Micro-elements/Trace Metals (Zn and Cu) and Toxic Elements (Pb and As). Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1477-1502. [PMID: 37523058 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03784-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is a medical condition arising due to increase in blood pressure (BP) prevalent worldwide. The balanced dietary intakes of macro-elements and micro-elements including Na, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, and Cu have been described to maintain BP in humans by regulating the osmolarity of blood, cells/tissues, prevention of generation of oxidative and nitrosative stress (OANS), and endothelial damage through their functioning as important components of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), antioxidant enzyme defense system, and maintenance of blood vascular-endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) functions. However, inadequate/excess dietary intakes of Na/K, Ca/Mg, and Zn/Cu along with higher Pb and As exposures recognized to induce HT through common mechanisms including the followings: endothelial dysfunctions due to impairment of vasodilatation, increased vasoconstriction and arterial stiffness, blood clotting, inflammation, modification of sympathetic activity and higher catecholamine release, increased peripheral vascular resistance, and cardiac output; increased OANS due to reduced and elevated activities of extracellular superoxide dismutase and NAD(P)H oxidase, less nitric oxide bioavailability, decrease in cGMP and guanylate cyclase activity, increase in intracellular Ca2+ ions in VSMCs, and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines; higher parathyroid and calcitriol hormones; activation/suppression of RAAS resulting imbalance in blood Na+, K+, and water regulated by renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone through affecting natriuresis/kaliuresis/diuresis; elevation in serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, decrease in HDL cholesterol due to defect in lipoprotein metabolism. The present study recommends the need to review simple dietary mineral intervention studies/supplementation trials before keeping their individual dietary excess intakes/exposures in consideration because their interactions lead to elevation and fall of their concentrations in body affecting onset of HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Joshi
- PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbial Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | - Sukhbir Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Panjab University, Sector-14, Chandigarh, UT, India
| | | | - Reshu Mandal
- PG Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector-26, Chandigarh, UT, India.
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Yang S, Li Y, Zhou L, Wang X, Liu L, Wu M. Copper homeostasis and cuproptosis in atherosclerosis: metabolism, mechanisms and potential therapeutic strategies. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:25. [PMID: 38218941 PMCID: PMC10787750 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient that plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes in virtually all cell types. Nevertheless, the dysregulation of copper homeostasis, whether towards excess or deficiency, can lead to pathological alterations, such as atherosclerosis. With the advent of the concept of copper-induced cell death, termed cuproptosis, researchers have increasingly focused on the potential role of copper dyshomeostasis in atherosclerosis. In this review, we provide a broad overview of cellular and systemic copper metabolism. We then summarize the evidence linking copper dyshomeostasis to atherosclerosis and elucidate the potential mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis development in terms of both copper excess and copper deficiency. Furthermore, we discuss the evidence for and mechanisms of cuproptosis, discuss its interactions with other modes of cell death, and highlight the role of cuproptosis-related mitochondrial dysfunction in atherosclerosis. Finally, we explore the therapeutic strategy of targeting this novel form of cell death, aiming to provide some insights for the management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Yang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Longtao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'an men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Kerkadi A, Raïq H, Prince MS, Bader L, Soltani A, Agouni A. A cross-sectional analysis of zinc and copper levels and their relationship to cardiovascular disease risk markers in Qatar biobank participants. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 10:1305588. [PMID: 38250034 PMCID: PMC10796498 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1305588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Dietary intake, particularly zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) has been strongly associated with CVD. These trace elements play a crucial role in human enzyme activity, suppressing inflammation, catalyzing lipid metabolism enzymes, reducing oxidative stress, and regulating glucose metabolism. However, imbalances in these elements are linked to cardiovascular disturbances. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between circulating levels of Zn, Cu, and Zn/Cu ratio with CVD risk factors in the Qatari population. Bivariate logistic regression, adjusted for age, nationality, gender, and education was performed to examine the impact of Zn, Cu, and Zn/Cu ratio (as independent variables) on major CVD risk markers (as dependent variables). Participants in the highest Zn tertiles (T2 and T3) were at greater odds ratio (OR) of unfavorable metabolic functions such as elevated HbA1C [OR = 2.5, p = 0.015 (T2) and OR = 3.2, p = 0.002 (T3)], triglycerides [OR = 2.17, p = 0.015 (T2), and TyG index [OR = 2.21, p = 0.004 (T2), and OR = 2.67, p < 0.001 (T3)] compared to T1. Conversely, they had significantly lower ORs for prolonged prothrombin time [OR = 0.37, p = 0.001 (T3)]. Higher levels of Cu (T2 and T3) had higher OR for elevated HDL-C levels [OR = 1.69, p = 0.046 (T2), and OR = 2.27, p = 0.002 (T3)] and lower OR for elevated levels of triglycerides (OR = 0.4, p = 0.009, T3), diastolic blood pressure [OR = 0.41, p = 0.024 (T2), and OR = 0.47, p = 0.049 (T3)], and creatinine kinase (OR = 0.27, p = 0.014, T3) compared to T1. Higher levels of Cu (T2 and T3) were associated with a higher risk for elevated fibrinogen levels [OR = 3.1, p = 0.035 (T2), and OR = 5.04, p = 0.002 (T3)]. Additionally, higher Zn/Cu ratio (T2 and T3) were associated with lower ORs for elevated fibrinogen levels [OR = 0.3, p = 0.005 (T2), and OR = 0.27, p = 0.005 (T3)] compared to T1, indicating a lower risk of developing CVD. The study reveals a link between Zn, Cu, and the Zn/Cu ratio and cardiovascular disease risk. A higher Zn/Cu ratio may protect against CVD, while elevated Cu levels are linked to obesity, fibrinogen levels, and HbA1C. Maintaining optimal levels of these trace elements, either through diet or supplementation, may help reduce CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Kerkadi
- Department of Patient Care & Health Technology, College of Health Sciences, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hicham Raïq
- Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Shoaib Prince
- Sport and Wellness Department, University of Doha for Science and Technology (UDST), Doha, Qatar
| | - Loulia Bader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abderrezzaq Soltani
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Health & Medical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Office of Vice President for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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He P, Li H, Liu C, Liu M, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhou C, Li Q, Ye Z, Wu Q, Jiang J, Wang G, Liang M, Nie J, Hou FF, Qin X. U-shaped association between dietary copper intake and new-onset hypertension. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:536-542. [PMID: 35030528 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the relationship of dietary copper intake with new-onset hypertension among Chinese adults. METHODS A total of 12,245 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were included. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. New-onset hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg or diagnosed by a physician or under antihypertensive treatment during the follow-up. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.1 years, 4304 participants developed new-onset hypertension. Overall, the associations between dietary copper intake and new-onset hypertension followed a U-shape (P for nonlinearity <0.001). The risk of new-onset hypertension significantly decreased with the increment of dietary copper intake (per SD increment: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57-0.88) in participants with copper intake <1.57 mg/day, and increased with the increment of dietary copper intake (per SD increment: HR, 1.09; 95% CI: 1.07-1.12) in participants with copper intake ≥1.57 mg/day. CONCLUSIONS There was a U-shaped association between dietary copper intake and new-onset hypertension in general Chinese adults, with an inflection point at about 1.57 mg/day. Our results emphasized the importance of maintaining optimal copper intake levels for the primary prevention of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Huan Li
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chengzhang Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuxian Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China; Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Guobao Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Min Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Kerkadi A, Alkudsi DS, Hamad S, Alkeldi HM, Salih R, Agouni A. The Association between Zinc and Copper Circulating Levels and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Adults: A Study of Qatar Biobank Data. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082729. [PMID: 34444889 PMCID: PMC8398315 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In Qatar, 24% of the total deaths are attributed to CVDs. Several nutritional disturbances have been linked to high risk of CVD. Many studies have discussed the effects of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) on CMR factors; however, evidence has been controversial. This investigated the association between CMR factors and the status of Zn and Cu, in addition to Zn/Cu ratio. A total of 575 Qatari men and women aged 18 years and older were obtained from Qatar Biobank. Plasma levels of Zn and Cu were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Anthropometric data and CMR factors were determined using standard methods. Adjusted associations between trace minerals and CMR were estimated by logistic regression. Partial correlation was performed to test the strength of the associations. Zn was not strongly correlated (p-value ˃ 0.01) or significantly associated with CMR factors and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Cu levels correlated positively with body mass index (BMI) (0.23; p ˂ 0.001), pulse rate (PR) (0.18; p ˂ 0.001), total cholesterol (0.13; p = 0.01), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) (0.27; p ˂ 0.001); and negatively with diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−0.13; p = 0.01). High plasma Cu significantly decreased the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (0.121; p ˂ 0.001). Furthermore, Zn/Cu ratio positively correlated with waist circumference (0.13; p = 0.01), systolic blood pressure (0.13; p ˂ 0.01), and DBP (0.14; p ˂ 0.01); and negatively with BMI (−0.19; p ˂ 0.001), PR (−0.17; p ˂ 0.001), and HDL (−0.27; p ˂ 0.001). High Zn/Cu ratio increased the prevalence of low HDL (4.508; p ˂ 0.001) and MetS (5.570; p ˂ 0.01). These findings suggest that high plasma Cu levels are associated with a protective effect on DBP, HDL and MetS and that high plasma Zn/Cu ratio is associated with the risk of having low HDL and MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhamid Kerkadi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.S.A.); (S.H.); (H.M.A.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-4806; Fax: +974-4403-4801
| | - Dana Samir Alkudsi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.S.A.); (S.H.); (H.M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Sara Hamad
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.S.A.); (S.H.); (H.M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Hanan Mohamed Alkeldi
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.S.A.); (S.H.); (H.M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Reem Salih
- Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar; (D.S.A.); (S.H.); (H.M.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Abdelali Agouni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit (BPRU), QU Health, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, Qatar
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6
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Malekahmadi M, Firouzi S, Rezayi M, Ghazizadeh H, Ranjbar G, Ferns GA, Mobarhan MG. Association of Zinc and Copper Status with Cardiovascular Diseases and their Assessment Methods: A Review Study. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2067-2078. [PMID: 32727323 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200729160416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and financial losses and has a high prevalence across the world. Several studies have investigated the association between various CVD types with zinc and copper status as the essential minerals for the human body, proposing contradictory and similar results. This narrative review aimed to survey the correlations between zinc and copper status in the human body and some risk factors of CVD, as well as the assessment methods of zinc and copper status in the human body. According to the reviewed articles, zinc and copper deficiency may increase the risk of coronary heart disease, valvular regurgitation, and myocardial lesions, cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, it could lead to the expanded mitochondrial compartments of the heart, acute and chronic heart failure, and elevation of inflammation markers, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6. Two methods are primarily used for the assessment of zinc and copper in the human body, including the direct method (measurement of their concentrations) and indirect method (determining the activity of zinc- and copper-containing enzymes). Both these methods are considered reliable for the assessment of the zinc and copper levels in healthy individuals. Serum or plasma levels of these elements are also commonly used for the assessment of the correlation between zinc and copper status and CVD. But, which one is a more accurate indicator in relation to CVD is not yet clear; therefore, further studies are required in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Malekahmadi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Safieh Firouzi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Ghazizadeh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golnaz Ranjbar
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chiu HF, Venkatakrishnan K, Golovinskaia O, Wang CK. Impact of Micronutrients on Hypertension: Evidence from Clinical Trials with a Special Focus on Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:588. [PMID: 33578935 PMCID: PMC7916651 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is one of the pivotal risk factors for various detrimental diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cerebrovascular disease, and renal dysfunction. Currently, many researchers are paying immense attention to various diet formula (dietary approach) with a special focus on micro and macronutrients along with modified lifestyle and standard anti-hypertensive drugs. Micronutrients (minerals/vitamins) play a central role in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) as they aid the function of macronutrients and also improve the anti-hypertensive functions of some anti-hypertensive agents. Even though several studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of micronutrients on controlling BP, still some ambiguity exists among the nutritionists/doctors, which combination or individual mineral (dietary approach) contributes to better BP regulation. Therefore, this critical review article was attempted to delineate the underlying role of micronutrients (minerals and vitamins) for the management and prevention or delaying of HT and their related complications with strong affirmation from clinical trials as well as its mechanism of controlling BP. Moreover, the major source and recommended daily allowance (RDA) of various micronutrients are included in this review for guiding common readers (especially HT subjects) and dieticians to choose/recommend a better micronutrient and their combinations (other nutrients and standard anti-hypertensive drugs) for lowering the risk of HT and its related co-morbid conditions like CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Fang Chiu
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taichung Hospital Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 40301, Taiwan;
| | - Kamesh Venkatakrishnan
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | | | - Chin-Kun Wang
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo North Road, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
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Güneş H, Alkan Baylan F, Güneş H, Temiz F. Can Nesfatin-1 Predict Hypertension in Obese Children? J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:29-36. [PMID: 31339256 PMCID: PMC7127895 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and leads to co-morbidities such as hypertension. However, it is still not clear why some obese individuals are hypertensive and others not. Nesfatin-1 is a recently discovered anorexigenic peptide which also has effects on blood pressure (BP). Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between obesity-related hypertension and Nesfatin-1. Methods This cross-sectional study comprised 87 obese children. The patients were divided into two groups; hypertensive (n=30) and normotensive (n=57) obese. The American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines were used to diagnose hypertension. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting to investigate Nesfatin-1 concentrations. We also evaluated serum trace elements in addition to the routine blood tests. Results Body mass index (BMI), weight and serum Nesfatin-1 concentrations were higher in the hypertensive group (p=0.002, p=0.001, and p=0.007, respectively). There was no difference between serum zinc levels, but Copper (Cu) levels were significantly lower in the hypertensive group (p=0.248, p=0.007, respectively). There were positive correlations between BP and BMI and weight Z-scores and a negative correlation with Cu. The optimal cut-off value of Nesfatin-1 to predict hypertension was found to be >1.8 ng/mL, with a specificity of 71.9% and a sensitivity of 96.7% [area under the curve=0.703, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.577-0.809; p=0.002]. In multiple logistic regression analysis Nesfatin-1 [Odds ratio (OR)=1.103, 95% CI: 1.039-1.171; p=0.001], Cu (OR=0.947, 95% CI: 0.915-0.979; p=0.001) and BMI for age Z-score (OR=56.277, 95% CI: 5.791-546.907; p=0.001) still remained significant predictors of hypertension. Conclusion Nesfatin-1 levels are higher and are an independent predictor of hypertension in obese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Güneş
- Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Filiz Alkan Baylan
- Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Hakan Güneş
- Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Fatih Temiz
- Sütçü İmam University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Bastola MM, Locatis C, Maisiak R, Fontelo P. Selenium, copper, zinc and hypertension: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2016). BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:45. [PMID: 32005161 PMCID: PMC6995060 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major cardiovascular illness worldwide with many underlying causes. The role of trace elements selenium, copper, and zinc in hypertension is uncertain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of these trace elements in hypertension. METHOD Data from 6683 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) participants from 2011 to 2016 were analyzed using Statistical Analytical System (SAS, version 9.4) software for the role of trace elements in hypertension in age range 8 to 80 years, irrespective of the antihypertensive medication taken. Recent American Heart Association guidelines and pediatric practice guidelines for hypertension were used. RESULTS Findings showed a significant positive association between serum selenium levels and hypertension but not serum zinc and copper. At optimal levels for transport and distribution, serum selenium levels of 120 μg/L or higher (reference level 70-150 μg/L) were significantly associated with hypertension (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.29-1.66) after adjusting for confounding factors. At serum selenium level greater than 150 μg/L, the association with hypertension strengthened (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.32-2.17). CONCLUSION A positive association was found between serum selenium and hypertension, irrespective of age or anti-hypertensive medications intake. These findings also suggest that the reference levels of serum levels in healthy individuals may need to be re-determined, if supported by additional studies. If validated, patients with hypertension may also need to be cautioned about selenium intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrigendra M Bastola
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Craig Locatis
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Paul Fontelo
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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10
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Jurowski K, Szewczyk B, Nowak G, Piekoszewski W. Biological consequences of zinc deficiency in the pathomechanisms of selected diseases. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:1069-79. [PMID: 24748223 PMCID: PMC4175048 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
From many points of view, zinc is one of the most important trace elements in biological systems. Many articles describe the well-known role of this metal in human physiology and pathophysiology, but in the related literature, there is a lack of current and reliable reviews of the role of zinc deficiency in many diseases. In this article, we describe the role of zinc deficiency in the oxidative stress control, immune response, proliferation, and pathogenesis and pathophysiology of selected diseases such as depression, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, and Wilson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
- Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Regional Laboratory of Physicochemical Analysis and Structural Research, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Serum levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids are low in Chinese men with metabolic syndrome, whereas serum levels of saturated fatty acids, zinc, and magnesium are high. Nutr Res 2012; 32:71-7. [PMID: 22348454 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the hypothesis that serum levels of phospholipid (PL) fatty acids (FA) and minerals are associated with the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in the Chinese population and the profiles of changes may differ from patients with MetS from Western countries. The levels of serum PL, FA, and minerals were examined in 201 subjects (52 with MetS and 149 healthy controls without any MetS components) in China. The saturated FA proportion in serum was significantly higher, whereas the proportion of total polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), n-3 and n-6 PUFA (22:6n-3: -16%, P = .006; 20:4n-6: -36%, P < .001), and estimated δ-5 desaturase were significantly lower in the MetS group compared with those that are not MetS. Subjects with MetS had higher levels of serum Zn (P = .037) and Mg (P < .001) than subjects without MetS. The proportion of n-3 PUFA was significantly negatively correlated with body mass index and waist circumference. In conclusion, serum PL FA composition and serum minerals in Chinese men with MetS differed significantly from that of healthy individuals, reflecting a decrease in n-3 and n-6 PUFA, especially 22:6n-3 and 20:4n-6, and an increase in saturated FA, magnesium, and zinc. These changes may reflect improper dietary intake in subjects with MetS, and dietary modification could be useful to prevent MetS and as an adjunctive therapy.
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12
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Tubek S. Role of zinc in regulation of arterial blood pressure and in the etiopathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 117:39-51. [PMID: 17873391 DOI: 10.1007/bf02698082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Increased gastrointestinal absorption and urinary excretion of zinc has been confirmed in experimental and clinical studies on primary arterial hypertension as a result from changes of intracellular and extracellular zinc content. In arterial hypertension, the levels of zinc in serum, lymphocyte, and bone decrease while increasing in heart, erythrocytes, kidney, liver, suprarenal glands and spleen. These changes result in the loss of zinc homeostasis that leads to various degrees of deficiency, not entirely compensated by nutritional factors or increased absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Loss of zinc homeostasis can be both cause and effect of high blood pressure. In the present review, the role of zinc metabolism changes and its mechanisms in arterial hypertension are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Tubek
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Institute of Technology, Opole, and Clinic of Cardiology, Medical Academy, Wrocław, Prószkowska Str. 70, Opole, 45-758, Poland.
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13
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Taneja SK, Mandal R. Mineral factors controlling essential hypertension--a study in the Chandigarh, India population. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 120:61-73. [PMID: 17916956 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-007-8013-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (EH) is a major public health problem world over and in India. Recent data on EH in the population of Chandigarh (Union Territory and capital of Punjab and Haryana States of India) revealed that the prevalence of EH has become double in the last 30 years in the residents of Chandigarh (26.9 to 45.80% in the year 1968 and 2002). Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), and manganese (Mn) in the serum are considered important in maintaining the human hypertension. The high Zn intake was considered to increase the blood pressure (BP) and to affect the other mineral status in the body. Recent survey on the trace metal status of different vegetables in the State of Punjab around Chandigarh (India) revealed that Zn level is significantly higher (40 mg/kg or more in above ground vegetables and 120 mg/kg or above in underground vegetables) in underground water-irrigated vegetables, but the levels of Cu and Mg are within prescribed limit. The present study was conducted on Chandigarh population to evaluate the levels of Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn in the blood and urine of normotensive (NT) control and hypertensive (HT) subjects matched with number, age and sex. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer studies reevaluated that the levels of serum Zn, Mg, and Mn were significantly higher (p < 0.001), but the level of Cu was low in the HT subjects (BP = 160/93) compared to NT control (BP = 140/83). Higher levels of urinary Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn were observed in the HT subject vs NT control (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were evaluated between the levels of serum Zn, Mg, and Mn vs systolic and diastolic pressures (DP and SP), respectively (r = 0.928, 0.863, 0.876, 0.808, 0.404, 0.326, p < 0.01), but negative and positive nonsignificant correlations between the serum Cu with SP and DP were recorded (r = -0.032, r = 0.024). Positive correlations were also evaluated between urinary levels of Zn, Cu, Mg, and Mn vs SP and DP (r = 0.718, 0.657, 0.750, 0.681, 0.630, 0.578, 0.516, 0.461, p < 0.01). Prevalence of essential hypertension may be due to higher Zn level in the food chain that makes the individuals vulnerable to other diseases over the time related to essential hypertension.
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Asano K, Suzuki K, Chiba M, Sera K, Asano R, Sakai T. Relationship between Trace Elements Status in Mane Hair and Atrial Fibrillation in Horse. J Vet Med Sci 2006; 68:769-71. [PMID: 16891797 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.68.769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the relationships between trace elements concentrations in hair and atrial fibrillation (AF) in horses, concentrations of nineteen trace elements were detected in hair using the particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) method. The horses were assigned to either control (n=22, no abnormalities) or AF groups (n=5) based on electrocardiograph findings. The mean concentrations of Ca and Zn in the hair of the AF group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The Zn/Cu ratio of the hair in the AF group (29.8 +/- 5.5) was significantly higher than that in the control group (23.4 +/- 2.2, P<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that there is a relationship between elevated concentrations of Ca and Zn in hair and AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimi Asano
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fukisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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15
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Baykal Y, Yilmaz MI, Celik T, Gok F, Rehber H, Akay C, Kocar IH. Effects of antihypertensive agents, alpha receptor blockers, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and calcium channel blockers, on oxidative stress. J Hypertens 2003; 21:1207-11. [PMID: 12777959 DOI: 10.1097/00004872-200306000-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free oxygen radicals and insufficiency of antioxidant enzymes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension disease (HD). Trace elements function as a co-factor in antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant system and trace elements have been investigated in many different studies including HD, but these subjects have not been investigated as a whole in these patients. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidative system and trace elements in hypertensive patients given different antihypertensive therapy. METHODS We examined malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activities together with copper and zinc levels in plasma of 102 patients with HD and in 51 healthy controls. RESULTS It was found that in patients with HD, plasma malondialdehyde was significantly higher than those of controls, while plasma superoxide dismutase activities were significantly lower in patients with HD. Plasma zinc levels were significantly higher than those of controls and plasma copper levels were significantly lower in patients with HD. Plasma lipid levels and oxidative state were analyzed in five different treatment groups given antihypertensive drug therapy before and after a 3-month treatment period. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our clinical study shows that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have notable effects on oxidative stress, and are an essential step in managing essential hypertension by the way of improvement of endothelial dysfunction. Although it has been shown that calcium channel blockers, beta blockers and alpha receptor blockers have antioxidant effects in in vitro conditions, we did not demonstrate these effects in our clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Baykal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane School of Medicine, Etlik-Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Abstract
This article present a comprehensive review of all known elements involved in blood pressure control. Data source was by computerized literature searches. A total of 28 elements have been documented as being involved in blood pressure control. The individual elements react directly and indirectly in a variety of metabolic and structural activities known to participate in blood pressure regulation. Reports from both experimental animal and human subjects are presented. The role of certain elements in blood pressure control is controversial. Conversely, important established functions of dosage, absorption, storage, and excretion of individual elements are known and are described in relation to blood pressure control. Some elements are pressor, whereas others are depressor in action, and this article demonstrates the important role elements play in the control of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Loyke
- Columbia Saint Vincent Charity Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA
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17
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Schuhmacher M, Bosque MA, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Effects of chronic lead and cadmium exposure on blood pressure in occupationally exposed workers. Biol Trace Elem Res 1994; 41:269-78. [PMID: 7946918 DOI: 10.1007/bf02917428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An epidemiological study was performed to assess whether the occupational exposure to lead or cadmium is associated with an increase in blood pressure. Blood lead levels were determined in 36 male subjects who were occupationally exposed to lead, whereas urinary cadmium concentrations were determined in 40 male workers who were employed in cadmium pigment and resin factories from Barcelona (Spain). Blood lead and urine cadmium concentrations were also determined in 40 health volunteers who were not occupationally exposed to lead or cadmium (control group). The mean concentrations of blood lead were 9.8 micrograms/dL for controls and 39.5 micro/dL for lead-exposed workers, whereas 0.79 micrograms/g creatinine and 2.50 micrograms/g creatinine were the mean levels of urine cadmium for controls and for cadmium-exposed workers, respectively. After adjusting for age, body mass index, and drinking and smoking habits, a significant rise of blood pressure with the increases in blood lead levels was found in the group of lead-exposed workers, but not in the control group. In contrast, the results of this study did not corroborate the hypothesis that an increase in cadmium exposure implies a rise in blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL, Corbella J. Zinc and copper levels in serum and urine: relationship to biological, habitual and environmental factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1994; 148:67-72. [PMID: 8016641 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Zinc and copper levels were determined in serum and urine of 434 subjects living in an industrial and an agricultural area of Tarragona Province, Spain. Zinc and copper concentrations were related to a range of factors such as sex, age, blood pressure, and drinking and smoking habits. Geometric mean serum zinc and copper concentrations were, respectively, 113.9 and 84 micrograms dl-1, while the mean values for urine zinc and copper concentrations were 698.7 and 26.6 micrograms g-1 creatinine. Serum zinc and copper levels and urine copper concentrations in men were significantly lower than in women, while there were no differences in serum or urinary zinc and copper levels with age. The consumption of alcohol significantly reduced the levels of zinc and copper in serum, whereas blood pressure had no influence on these values. The levels of zinc and copper in urine were not affected by the smoking and drinking habits, place of residence, or blood pressure. In general terms, the results of this study agree with previously reported values from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
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