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Arafa A. Household smoking impact on the oral health of 5- to 7-years-old children. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1028. [PMID: 38114982 PMCID: PMC10731723 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children's exposure to secondhand smoke, particularly by their parents, could adversely affect their oral health. Thereby, this study aimed to assess the oral health status of children subjected to household smoking and the impact of smoking patterns on the severity of oral health deterioration. METHODS A total of 210 healthy children were enrolled in this case-control study and allocated into children subjected to household smoking (HS) and control groups. Participants' guardians were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic characteristics and parental smoking habits. All participants were subjected to clinical dental examination to assess dental caries (ICDAS), hypomineralized primary molars (HSPM), and gingival status (GI). Stimulated saliva samples were collected to assess saliva composition and characteristics. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for cotinine concentration. Data were analyzed using SPSS (v.25) software at a test value of p ≤ 0.05. The t-student test was used to find significant differences between participants' age, gingival index score, saliva pH, flow rate, sIgA, and cotinine level. The Chi-square test was used to test for the significance of parental employment, number of rooms, gender, sweets consumption, brushing frequency, and HMPM. The correspondence analysis was used to test for significance of parents' levels of education, type of house ventilation, ICDAS score, smoking form, frequency, and smoking pattern. The correlation between cotinine level and sIgA was tested for association using Bivariate correlation test. RESULTS The HS group showed a significantly increased risk for dental caries (p < 0.000), HSPM lesions (p = 0.007), and GI score (p < 0.000). A significant reduction in salivary flow rate, saliva pH, and sIgA were evident in HS group (p < 0.000). Parental consumption of more than 20 cigarettes/day was accompanied by increased dental caries activity (p < 0.000) and higher risk for increased severity of gingival inflammation (p < 0.000) of children in the HS group. Children of parents who smoke cigarettes and use the hubble/bubble anywhere in the house found to have greater distribution of HSPM (p < 0.000). Reduced sIgA values were found to be significantly associated with increased cotinine concentrations in HS children (p < 0.000). CONCLUSIONS Frequent exposure to household smoking could be associated with an increased risk of dental caries progression, enamel hypomineralization, gingival inflammation, and saliva characteristics changes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abla Arafa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Misr International University, 28, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Umm AlQura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia.
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Sirivichayakul P, Jirarattanasopha V, Phonghanyudh A, Tunlayadechanont P, Khumsub P, Duangthip D. The effectiveness of topical fluoride agents on preventing development of approximal caries in primary teeth: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:349. [PMID: 37268914 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03045-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This 18-month randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of two topical fluoride applications versus placebo control on preventing development of approximal caries in primary teeth. METHODS Preschool children were recruited if they had at least one initial approximal carious lesion at the distal surface of the canines, both approximal surfaces of the first molars, or the mesial surface of the second molars assessed from bitewing radiographs. The participants were randomly allocated into 3 intervention groups: Group 1 (placebo control), Group 2 (5% sodium fluoride [NaF] varnish), and Group 3 (38% silver diamine fluoride [SDF]). All agents were applied semiannually. Two calibrated examiners evaluated the caries development from bitewing radiographs. Caries development was recorded when the baseline sound surface or initial approximal carious lesion surface developed dentin caries (beyond the outer one-third of dentine) at the follow-up examination. The intention-to-treat approach was adopted. The Chi-square test was used to analyze the effectiveness of topical fluoride agents in preventing approximal caries development and the effect of other variables. The multi-level logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relative effectiveness of topical fluoride agents in preventing approximal caries development at the 18-month follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, 190 participants with 2,685 sound or initial carries at the approximal surfaces were recruited. No differences in participant demographic backgrounds, oral health related habits, or caries experience were observed among the 3 groups (P > 0.05). After 18 months, 155 (82%) participants remained in the study. The rates of developing approximal caries in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 24.1%, 17.1%, and 27.2%, respectively (P < 0.001, χ2 test). After adjusting for confounding factors and clustering effect, the multilevel logistic regression analysis showed no differences in caries development rates between the 3 groups (P > 0.05). Tooth type and the extent of a carious lesion at baseline were the significant factors for caries development. CONCLUSION At 18-month follow-up, after adjusting for confounding factors and clustering effect, there were no statistically significant differences in preventing of approximal caries development between the semiannual application of 5%NaF, 38%SDF, or placebo. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry under the number TCTR20190315003 on 15/03/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parach Sirivichayakul
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Varangkanar Jirarattanasopha
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
| | - Araya Phonghanyudh
- School of Dentistry, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, 1 Chalongkrung St, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Tunlayadechanont
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, No. 6, Yothi Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ploychompoo Khumsub
- Dental department, Pakkred hospital, 33 Moo 5 Saphan Nonthaburi - Bang Bua Thong Rd., Pakkret district, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Phillip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Rd., Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Quintero Y, Restrepo M, Rojas-Gualdrón DF, Farias ALD, Santos-Pinto L. Association between hypomineralization of deciduous and molar incisor hypomineralization and dental caries. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:113-119. [PMID: 36043563 PMCID: PMC9645183 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the association between the severity of
hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM), molar-incisor hypomineralization
(MIH) and dental caries in children. 450 children between the ages of 6 and 7
years were included in this cross-sectional study. A calibrated examiner
classified the enamel hypomineralizations and dental caries lesions using the
MIH and HSPM and the Nyvad criteria, respectively. The primary outcome was the
severity of MIH according to the severity of HSPM. Statistical analysis was
performed using the generalized linear model and ordinal logistic regression.
The prevalence of concomitant MIH and HSPM was 26% sex and age adjusted. Mild
enamel defects were more frequent than severe enamel defects. An association was
found between the severity of MIH and HSPM, both for mild defects (OR=87.54;
95%CI: 55.87, 137.17) and severe defects (OR=82.15; 95%CI: 45.72, 147.61). The
severity of hypomineralization in permanent molars was associated with the
activity of dental caries lesions (OR=29.85; 95%CI: 12.95, 68.83). To conclude,
there is a strong association between the severity of HSPM and MIH, which is
more significant in the presence of active dental caries lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmy Quintero
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.,Basic and Clinical Research Group in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Manuel Restrepo
- Basic and Clinical Research Group in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, CES University, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Aline Leite de Farias
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Santos-Pinto
- Department of Morphology, Genetics, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araraquara School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim H, Abdallah Nasr R, Adel Salama A, Ahmed Amin A. Childhood malnutrition and hypo mineralized molar defects ;a cross sectional study, Egypt. F1000Res 2022; 10:1307. [PMID: 35087669 PMCID: PMC8764560.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.74557.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malnutrition is well-known to yield high morbidities and it has pre-eruptive and post-eruptive consequences. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of Hypomineralized Second Primary Molars (HSPM), Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) and dental caries in malnourished children, as well as addressing the relation between types of malnutrition and the dental morbidities. Methods: This is a cross sectional analytical study. A consecutive sample of 54 malnourished cases aged 5-10 years and presented to the Outpatient Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University across 6 months period were examined for HSPM, MIH – using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry criteria - and dental Caries using def/ DMF indices. Outcomes were the presence or absence of MIH and HSPM and their levels measured as percentage as well as Caries Indices. Exposures were types of malnutrition and the socioeconomic status.
Results
: The mean age of study participants was 7.10 ± 1.34 years. HSPM and MIH were found in 47.2% and 45.2% of the study participants respectively, while dental caries was observed in 83% and 64.3% for primary and permanent teeth respectively. There was co-occurrence between HSPM and MIH in 39% of the cases. HSPM level was significantly different in various types of malnutrition. It showed significant difference between the stunted group (median HSPM of 14.2%) and the overweight or obese group (median HSPM of 0.0%) (P value 0.01). MIH level showed significant differences between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and overweight or obese group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.001), as well as between the stunted group (median MIH of 19.4%) and wasted group (median MIH of 0.0%) (p value 0.025). Conclusions
: Malnourished children have high prevalence of dental abnormalities. HSPM could expect the presence of MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Atef Abdelsattar Ibrahim
- Lecturer, Pediatric Clinical Nutrition department, Pediatric department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdallah Nasr
- Associate Professor , Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo university, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Adel Salama
- Lecturer, Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University., Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Amin
- Assistant lecturer, Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo University, Cairo, Cairo, 12613, Egypt
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Does the Behavior of Pediatric Patients towards Dental Treatment Influence the Pattern of Adjacent (Sound, Decayed, and Filled) Proximal Surfaces in Primary Molars? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12041910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of patient behavior toward dental treatment on the presence of adjacent (sound, decayed, or filled) proximal surfaces in the primary molars. The study included a records review of 2226 pediatric patients. Records were eligible if the patients were in primary or mixed dentition, and if they included a complete set of bitewings and periapical intraoral radiographs of all their primary molars. Four calibrated reviewers used intraoral radiographs to record the sound, decayed, and filled proximal distal surfaces of the first primary molars and the mesial surfaces of the second primary molars. Demographical variables were reported from patients’ medical records including gender, age, medical history, nationality, and patient behavior. Patients’ behaviors were evaluated using Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale. The Pearson correlation was used to test the association between the sound, decayed, and filled distal surfaces of the first primary molars and the mesial surface of the second primary molar. High correlations of ≥0.6 were further tested in simple and multiple linear regression models to test the influence of patients’ behaviors on these correlations after adjusting for demographical factors. All tests were performed at 5% significance level A. A total of 1194 records met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was a high positive correlation between the sound, decayed, and filled distal surfaces of the first primary molar and similar surfaces on the mesial of the second primary molars (0.66, 0.61, and 0.60, respectively). Compared to cooperative patients, the adjusted estimate of the mean decayed mesial surface of the second primary molar increased significantly for non-cooperative patients by 0.1 (95% CI = 0.16–0.53). On the contrary, the adjusted estimate of the mean sound mesial surfaces of the second primary molars decreased significantly by 0.09 for non-cooperative patients, compared to those who were cooperative (95% CI = −0.52–−0.15). Patient cooperation did not significantly influence the mean of the filled mesial surfaces of the second primary molars (adjusted B = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.05–0.09). Educating parents and clinicians about the influence of children’s behaviors on oral health is highly encouraged to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the progression of dental caries. The implementation of specific behavior management techniques is also important to reduce dental fear and anxiety.
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Alsabek L, Al-Hakeem A, Alagha MA, Comisi JC. Efficacy of hydrophilic resin-based sealant: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent 2021; 114:103816. [PMID: 34560227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This meta-analysis review aims to answer two questions: 1) What is the effectiveness of hydrophilic resin-based sealant (RBS) in preventing/arresting pits and fissures caries in permanent teeth, and 2) What is the retention rate of a hydrophilic RBS as compared to alternative treatments. DATA Randomized control trials investigating the efficacy of hydrophilic RBS compared to any other (placebo) treatment for permanent teeth. Outcomes were retention rate and caries prevention/arresting. SOURCES A systematic search for eligible studies was conducted on six electronic databases (Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Cochrane; Web of Science, PubMed) from inception to March 2021. The Cochrane guidelines were used to classify the risk of bias. STUDY SELECTION/RESULTS A systematic literature search resulted in 290 studies. Thirteen articles met our inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Six articles were identified as good or fair quality and were included in the quantitative analysis. Meta-analysis results indicated that there is no significant difference in retention (RR 1.01, 95% CI:0.96-1.07, P-value 0.66), (RR 1.03, 95% CI: 0.89-1.19, P-value 0.0009) at six and twelve months, respectively. Likewise, for caries prevention there is no significant difference (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.91-1.03, P-value 0.19), (RR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.91-1.03, P-value 0.30) at six and twelve months. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the hydrophilic RBS and alternative treatment options (such as conventional resin or glass ionomer) regarding retention or caries prevention at six- and twelve-month follow-up. Future studies are required to investigate longer-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Alsabek
- Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Al-Mazzeh St. Damascus, PO Box 30621, Syria; Clinical Science Institute, The National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Ammar Al-Hakeem
- Faculty of Dentistry - Ajman University of Science and Technology, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Abdulhadi Alagha
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - John C Comisi
- Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, The Medical University of South Carolina, James B. Edwards College of Dental Medicine, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
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7
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Halal F, Raslan N. Prevalence of hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) in Syrian preschool children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:711-717. [PMID: 32266665 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this research was to determine the incidence and severity of HSPM and its association with caries in 4-5 year-old children in Latakia, Syria. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with 600 preschool children. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria were used for scoring HSPM. The decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft) index was used to evaluate caries status. RESULTS The prevalence of HSPM was 41%. The difference in HSPM prevalence between males and females was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Children with HSPM are more likely to have dental caries (OR 6.69; CI 4.5_10; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HSPM was relatively high in Syrian children. HSPM increases the incidence of caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Halal
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria.
| | - N Raslan
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Tishreen University, Latakia, Syria
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Song JS, Shin TJ, Kim YJ, Kim JW, Jang KT, Lee SH, Hyun HK. Prediction of agenesis of the maxillary second premolar based on the developmental stages of the maxillary canine, first premolar, and second molar. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 111:104629. [PMID: 31865033 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to suggest criteria for the early diagnosis of agenesis of the maxillary second premolars (U5) based on the developmental stages of the maxillary canines (U3), first premolars (U4), and second molars (U7). DESIGN Overall, 303 control patients and 72 patients with agenesis who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed among 5136 patients aged 5-11 years for whom panoramic radiographs were obtained at Seoul National University Dental Hospital from June 2008 to December 2009. All developmental stages of U3, U4, U5, and U7 in both groups were evaluated and categorized into the stages proposed by Demirjian et al. To confirm the delayed dental development in the agenesis group, the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. For verifying the tooth with the most similar developmental pattern to U5, the Kendall tau Rank Correlation and Bootstrap methods were used. Moreover, survival analysis and leave-one-out-cross-validation were performed to identify the earliest developmental stages of U3, U4, and U7 at which agenesis of U5 can be confirmed. RESULTS The developmental stage of U4 in the agenesis group was significantly delayed compared with that in the control group at ages 5-10. All of the stages of U3, U4, and U7 showed high correlation coefficients with U5. CONCLUSION U5 agenesis can be confirmed with high prediction accuracy when at least two of the three conditions are satisfied: U3, U4, and U7 in Demirjian stages E, D, and C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Teo Jeon Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Taeg Jang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Keun Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Tseveenjav B, Furuholm J, Mulic A, Valen H, Maisala T, Turunen S, Varsio S, Auero M, Tjäderhane L. Survival of extensive restorations in primary molars: 15-year practice-based study. Int J Paediatr Dent 2018; 28:249-256. [PMID: 29205613 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries decline in the western world is accompanied by strong polarization among children; 8% of Finnish 5-year-olds having 76% of untreated caries. This high caries risk group needs preventive and restorative strategies. AIM To explore survival of extensive restorations in primary molars. DESIGN This study was based on health records from 2002 to 2016 of children under 18 years. RESULTS Of severely affected primary molars (n = 1061), 41% were restored with preformed metal crowns (PMCs), 38% with glass-ionomer cement (GIC)/polyacid-modified resin composite (PAMRC)/resin-modified GIC (RMGIC), and 21% with resin composites (RC). Younger children (3-8) received 97% of the PMCs and 86% of GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC; older ones (≥9) 91% of the RC restorations. Neither amalgam nor indirect restorations were registered. General dentists (GDs) engaged in primary care restored with GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC (52%) or RC (48%). GDs in general anesthesia care service placed 66% and specializing/specialized dentists 31% of PMCs. PMCs had lower failure rate (1.4% vs 3.0%) than GIC/PAMRC/RMGIC (P = 0.001). Choosing PMCs reduced patient visits compared to other restorations (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Severely affected primary molars of children at high caries risk are better managed, using PMCs to optimize the resources in public oral health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battsetseg Tseveenjav
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jussi Furuholm
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aida Mulic
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Valen
- Nordic Institute of Dental Materials, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuomo Maisala
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Turunen
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinikka Varsio
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Merja Auero
- Department of Social Services and Health Care, Oral Health Care, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Song JS, Shin TJ, Kim YJ, Kim JW, Jang KT, Lee SH, Hyun HK. Prediction of agenesis of the mandibular second premolar using the developmental stages of the mandibular canine, first premolar, and second molar. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 87:110-114. [PMID: 29277045 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim in this study was to suggest a standard for early diagnosis of agenesis of the mandibular second premolars (L5) by estimating the developmental stages of the mandibular canines (L3), first premolars (L4), and second molars (L7). DESIGN Among all 5136 pediatric patients aged 5-11 years who received panoramic radiographs between June 2008 and December 2009 at Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 215 control patients and 74 agenesis patients who met inclusion criteria were analyzed. The developmental stages of all L3, L4, L5, and L7 of control and agenesis patients were estimated using the method proposed by Demirjian. To identify the tooth (L3, L4, L7) with the developmental pattern most similar to that of L5, Kendall rank correlation coefficients and Bootstrap method were used. To verify that patients with agenesis of L5 show delayed development, Wilcoxon rank sum test was used. To identify the stages in which to diagnose agenesis of L5, we performed survival analysis. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between the developmental stages of L3, L4, L7 and L5. The developmental stages of those three teeth in the agenesis group were delayed compared with those in the control group at certain ages. If the developmental stages of at least two of those three teeth reach Demirjian stage D without the calcification of L5, agenesis of L5 can be confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Agenesis of L5 can be confirmed when two of the three teeth (L3, L4, L7) reach Demirjian stage D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Soo Song
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Teo Jeon Shin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jae Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Wook Kim
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Taeg Jang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Keun Hyun
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, 101, Daehakno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea.
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11
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Owen ML, Ghanim A, Elsby D, Manton DJ. Hypomineralized second primary molars: prevalence, defect characteristics and relationship with dental caries in Melbourne preschool children. Aust Dent J 2017; 63:72-80. [DOI: 10.1111/adj.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ML Owen
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Tassie Kids Dental; Hobart; Tasmania Australia
| | - A Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - D Elsby
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Royal Dental Hospital Melbourne; Carlton Victoria Australia
| | - DJ Manton
- Melbourne Dental School; The University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
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Doneria D, Thakur S, Singhal P, Chauhan D, Jayam C, Uppal A. Comparative Evaluation of Caries Status in Primary and Permanent Molars in 7-8-year-old Schoolchildren of Shimla Using Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment Index. Contemp Clin Dent 2017; 8:128-133. [PMID: 28566864 PMCID: PMC5426145 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_886_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A new epidemiological index is introduced for full assessment of dental caries which is known as caries assessment spectrum and treatment (CAST). “Spectrum” is considered backbone of this index as it covers from no lesion to advanced stage progression of caries. We aimed to evaluate and compare the status of caries in primary and permanent molars of 7–8-year-old schoolchildren of Shimla using CAST index and to find if any correlation exists between the status of caries in evaluated teeth. Methods: Three hundred and one schoolchildren with age group of 7–8 years were selected from schools in Shimla. CAST codes were determined for primary molars and first permanent molars. The distribution of CAST codes in the examined molars is correlated with the help of Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. The level of statistical significance was established at P < 0.05. The intraexaminer reliability was determined by the unweighted kappa coefficient. Results: Caries was assessed in 6.3%–12.3% of the permanent molars in contrast to primary molars, in which caries was near about 50%. The correlation was stronger for first and second deciduous molars for the right side of the mouth than the left side (r = 0.293 and 0.257 in the maxilla and 0.503 and 0.319 in the mandible [P < 0.001], respectively, while correlation for teeth in opposite jaws was moderate [r = 0.20–0.47]). The intraexaminer reliability was examined (k = 0.90 for the primary and 0.85 for permanent molars). Conclusion: The correlation between primary and permanent molars regarding the caries status in primary molars is weak while strongest correlation was present on the right side of the mouth for first and second deciduous molars. The study also showed the applicability of the CAST index in epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Doneria
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Seema Thakur
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Parul Singhal
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Chauhan
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Cheranjeevi Jayam
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Anika Uppal
- Department of Pedodontics, H. P. Government Dental College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Schwendicke F, Doost F, Hopfenmüller W, Meyer-Lueckel H, Paris S. Dental caries, fluorosis, and oral health behavior of children from Herat, Afghanistan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2015; 43:521-31. [PMID: 26086211 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Decades of conflict, poverty, and dysfunctional public services have affected people's health in Afghanistan. To estimate treatment needs and guide health initiatives, epidemiologic data are required. Such data are currently unavailable for dental health. The present study assessed caries experience, fluorosis, and oral health behavior in children from Afghanistan. METHODS We performed a two-stage, school-based cross-sectional study in Herat province in Afghanistan. A total of 1059 children, 369 children aged 6-7, 300 aged 12, and 390 aged 15 years, were sampled. Caries was assessed according to ICDAS, and oral hygiene, dietary habits, and parental economic and educational status evaluated. Prevalence of fluorosis was assessed, and fluoride concentrations in drinking water and in used toothpastes were measured. RESULTS Mean (SD) number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth was dmft = 4.88 (3.11), DMFT = 2.57 (2.16), and DMFT = 4.04 (3.03) in 6-/7-, 12-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. The majority of lesions in 6-year-olds were cavitated, while 12- and 15-year-olds showed more non- or microcavitated lesions. Most lesions, especially in young children, were untreated. Mean (range) water fluoride concentration was 0.37 (0.19-0.67) ppm. Fluoride concentrations in evaluated toothpastes did not meet internationally recommended levels. The majority of children showed no or minimal fluorosis. Having fluorosis, infrequently consuming sweets, or having a father with high education was associated with low caries experience (dmfs/DMFS < 10), with OR (95% CI) being 0.64 (0.47/0.90), 0.65 (0.44-0.95), and 0.64 (0.47/0.90), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Examined Afghan children had high unmet dental treatment needs and caries experience. Sufficient access to restorative treatment and prevention measures is urgently required.
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Baginska J, Rodakowska E, Milewski R, Kierklo A. Dental caries in primary and permanent molars in 7-8-year-old schoolchildren evaluated with Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:74. [PMID: 24952612 PMCID: PMC4074582 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND No reports on a caries pattern covering the full spectrum of the disease could be found in the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate caries in primary and first permanent molars of 7-8-year-old Polish children by the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index and to find whether there was any correlation between the caries stages in such teeth. METHODS The study covered 284 7-8-year-old children from randomly selected schools in the Bialystok District, Poland. The prevalence of CAST categories was evaluated with regard to the first and second primary, and first permanent, molars. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to explore the correlation of the distribution of CAST codes among the evaluated teeth. The level of statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. The intra-examiner reliability was determined by the unweighted kappa coefficient. RESULTS With regard to the permanent molars, caries was observed in 14.8% to 17.3% of the molar and most lesions were scored at the non-cavitation level. Caries in primary molars was most often recorded at the stage of cavitated dentine lesion. Teeth with pulpal involvement, sepsis and extracted due to caries were found to be more prevalent in first, and then in second primary molars. A strong correlation was found between the status of teeth from the right and left sides of the oral cavity. The correlation of the status of first and second primary teeth was stronger for the left than for the right side of the mouth, r was 0.627 and 0.472 in maxilla and 0.513 and 0.483 in mandible (p < 0.001), respectively. For the neighbouring primary and permanent molars the correlation was assessed to be weak. With regard to the teeth situated in opposite jaws the study revealed that the correlations were moderate - r between 0.33 and 0.49. The intra-examiner reliability was established at 0.96 for the primary dentition and at 0.878 for permanent molars. CONCLUSION The strongest correlation found in the evaluated population concerned the distribution of caries in primary molars on the left side of the mouth. The study proved the usefulness of the CAST index in epidemiological surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Baginska
- Department of Dentistry Propaedeutics, Medical University of Bialystok, Ul, Waszyngtona 15 a, 15-274 Bialystok, Poland.
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Leroy R, Declerck D. Impact of caries onset on number and distribution of new lesions in preschool children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23:39-47. [PMID: 22276749 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2012.01222.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries in preschool children remains an important public health issue. AIM To determine (i) which teeth and tooth surfaces are most susceptible to dental caries by age 3, (ii) where do caries lesions develop during 2-year follow-up, and (iii) to evaluate the impact of caries onset on the distribution of new caries experience. DESIGN One thousand and fifty seven consecutively born children were recruited in Flanders (Belgium). Parents completed validated questionnaires on oral health-related behaviour and trained dentists examined the children at ages 3 and 5. RESULTS Children with visible caries experience at age 3 were significantly more vulnerable in developing additional caries during follow-up. In this group, new caries experience developed primarily in the occlusal and distal surfaces of the mandibular first molars and the occlusal surfaces of the maxillary second and first molars, whereas in the caries-free group, the occlusal surfaces of both mandibular and maxillary second molars ranked first. CONCLUSIONS This paper confirms the higher vulnerability for further caries development in those children with caries experience at age 3. Visible caries develops most frequently in the occlusal surfaces of the second molars: in high-risk children already by age 3 and in children who were caries free at baseline by age 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos Leroy
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium.
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Ghanim A, Manton D, Mariño R, Morgan M, Bailey D. Prevalence of demarcated hypomineralisation defects in second primary molars in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2013; 23:48-55. [PMID: 22276809 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2012.01223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demarcated hypomineralization lesions are not uncommon in second primary molars. Data on the prevalence of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) are scarce. AIM To investigate the prevalence of HSPM, assess the relationship between HSPM and first permanent molars previously diagnosed with demarcated lesions and to determine the severity of HSPM in relation to dental caries severity. DESIGN A cluster sample of 809, 7- to 9-year-old children was examined. The scoring criteria proposed by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry for hypomineralization in permanent dentition were adapted to score HSPMs. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System was used to assess caries status in the second primary molar of the children diagnosed with demarcated defects. The examination was carried out in schools by a calibrated dentist. RESULTS Of the children examined, 53 (6.6%) had hypomineralization defects in at least one second primary molar. Combinations of affected first permanent and second primary molars were reported in 21 (39.6%) of cases. Severe carious lesions were found mostly in teeth with enamel breakdown. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of HSPM was 6.6%. Over one-third of affected second primary molars were associated with demarcated lesions in the first permanent molars. The chance of severe caries increased with the increase in the demarcated lesion severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aghareed Ghanim
- Oral Health CRC, Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
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Ghanim AM, Morgan MV, Mariño RJ, Bailey DL, Manton DJ. Risk factors of hypomineralised second primary molars in a group of Iraqi schoolchildren. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2012; 13:111-8. [PMID: 22652207 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate risk factor/s involved in the development of hypomineralised second primary molars and to relate the location of the affected tooth in the dental arches with the timing of the illness/condition incidence. STUDY DESIGN A cluster sample of 1,000, Iraqi 7-9 year-old children were invited to have their second primary molars examined for demarcated hypomineralised lesions. METHODS Mothers of 823 children completed a questionnaire-based interview regarding pregnancy and childhood systemic health history. In the clinical examination, the buccal, occlusal and lingual/palatal surfaces of the second primary molar were evaluated for demarcated hypomineralisation lesions by visual examination. RESULTS A response rate of 82.3% was obtained. Of the children examined, 53 (6.6%) had hypomineralisation defects in at least one second primary molar and were considered as the hypomineralised second primary molar-affected group. Of the total affected teeth (n=83), maxillary molars were the teeth most frequently affected by hypomineralisation throughout all developmental stages (69.9%). Demarcated opacities were the most prevalent lesion type (71.0%). Ninety-four percent of subjects diagnosed with demarcated defects reported various medical conditions possibly associated with hypomineralisation compared with 44% for their non-affected counterparts. Peri-natal medical conditions (45.3%) were the most frequently reported followed by pre-natal and post-natal conditions (24.5%, 9.4%; respectively). STATISTICS Ill health during pregnancy, delivery complications, neonatal complications, acute childhood illness, birth weight and duration of breast feeding were significant potential risk factors (p<0.05). The greater the number of health events reported, the higher was the chance of developing the defect. Children who experienced neonatal complications and whose mothers reported pregnancy and birth problems were approximately six times more likely to have the defect than those whose mothers had delivery complications only (80% vs 14.6%) (p<0.001). Also of those children whose mothers did not report delivery complications, but were breastfed for less than six months, of low birth weight and had history of upper respiratory tract infection, the chance of hypomineralised defects was over four times more likely to happen than in those who did not suffer any of these problems (25.8% vs 6.7%) (p<0.01). No statistically significant association was revealed between the time of the illness/condition occurrence and the location of the tooth in the dental arches. CONCLUSIONS Children with hypomineralised second primary molars had experienced more medical conditions than their unaffected peers particularly during the peri-natal period. No single factor was identified as a potential cause, leaving the aetiology of the defect unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Ghanim
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Elfrink M, ten Cate J, Jaddoe V, Hofman A, Moll H, Veerkamp J. Deciduous Molar Hypomineralization and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. J Dent Res 2012; 91:551-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034512440450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was embedded in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood. This study focused on the relationship between Deciduous Molar Hypomineralization (DMH) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH). First permanent molars develop during a period similar to that of second primary molars, with possible comparable risk factors for hypomineralization. Children with DMH have a greater risk of developing MIH. Clinical photographs of clean, moist teeth were taken with an intra-oral camera in 6,161 children (49.8% girls; mean age 74.3 mos, SD ± 5.8). First permanent molars and second primary molars were scored with respect to DMH or MIH. The prevalence of DMH and MIH was 9.0% and 8.7% at child level, and 4.0% and 5.4% at tooth level. The Odds Ratio for MIH based on DMH was 4.4 (95% CI, 3.1-6.4). The relationship between the occurrence of DMH and MIH suggests a shared cause and indicates that, clinically, DMH can be used as a predictor for MIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.E.C. Elfrink
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.M. ten Cate
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - V.W.V. Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - H.A. Moll
- The Generation R Study Group Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Centre - Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.S.J. Veerkamp
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cagetti MG, Campus G, Sale S, Cocco F, Strohmenger L, Lingström P. Association between interdental plaque acidogenicity and caries risk at surface level: a cross sectional study in primary dentition. Int J Paediatr Dent 2011; 21:119-25. [PMID: 20731733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2010.01099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In schoolchildren the most commonly decayed primary teeth are molars affecting proximal adjacent surfaces especially. AIM To determine whether a more acidic plaque in response to sucrose challenge is detected in children with more carious lesions. DESIGN Plaque pH measurements, using the microtouch technique, were carried out in interproximal spaces between primary molars, in 157 high caries risk children (314 sites and caries status of the 628 proximal surfaces recorded). The area under the curve (AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2) ) was analyzed. RESULTS The AUC(5.7) and the AUC(6.2) showed a statistically significant difference between plaque adjacent to proximal surfaces with or without caries. Differences for AUC(5.7) and AUC(6.2) were recorded between one decayed surface compared to two decayed surfaces (P<0.01) whereas a statistical significant difference was only observed for AUC(5.7) , when the areas under the curve were obtained near one decayed surface compared to two sound surfaces (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS The higher acidogenicity of the dental plaque found in presence of a proximal carious lesion in primary maxillary molars represents an additional risk factor for the adjacent surface. This finding may help clinicians in treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Cagetti
- WHO Collaborating Centre of Milan for Epidemiology and Community Dentistry, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Braga MM, Martignon S, Ekstrand KR, Ricketts DNJ, Imparato JCP, Mendes FM. Parameters associated with active caries lesions assessed by two different visual scoring systems on occlusal surfaces of primary molars - a multilevel approach. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2010; 38:549-58. [PMID: 20735448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2010.00567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana M Braga
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Elfrink MEC, Schuller AA, Veerkamp JSJ, Poorterman JHG, Moll HA, ten Cate BJM. Factors increasing the caries risk of second primary molars in 5-year-old Dutch children. Int J Paediatr Dent 2010; 20:151-7. [PMID: 20384830 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2009.01026.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caries is still a prevalent condition in 5-year-old children. At present, knowledge regarding some aetiological factors, like deciduous molar hypomineralization (DMH), is limited. AIM To investigate aetiological factors both directly and indirectly associated with caries in second primary molars. DESIGN Of 974 children invited to participate in the study, 386 children were examined clinically with visual detection of caries. Only carious lesions determined to have reached the dentine were recorded. Information about tooth brushing frequency, education level of the mother, and country of birth of mother and child, was collected by means of a multiple-choice questionnaire. Parents of 452 children filled in the questionnaire. Complete clinical and questionnaire data were available for 242 children. Statistical analysis of the effect of the independent variables was undertaken using the Pearson's chi-squared test. RESULTS Deciduous molar hypomineralization (P = 0.02) and the country of birth of the mother (P < 0.001) were positively associated with caries prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Deciduous molar hypomineralization and the country of birth of the mother play a role in the prevalence of dental caries. These aetiological factors associated with childhood dental caries need to be investigated further in longitudinal clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies E C Elfrink
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Pedodontology, ACTA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Silva KG, Pedrini D, Delbem ACB, Ferreira L, Cannon M. In situ evaluation of the remineralizing capacity of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate and/or fluoride. Acta Odontol Scand 2010; 68:11-8. [PMID: 19878043 DOI: 10.3109/00016350903260264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This in situ study evaluated the remineralizing potential of pit and fissure sealants containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and/or fluoride in artificially induced carious lesions on smooth enamel surfaces. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten volunteers who wore acrylic palatal devices were enrolled in this 5-day double-blind study and assigned to one of the following five groups: (I) demineralized enamel slab+Fluroshield (sealant with fluoride); (II) demineralized enamel slab+Aegis (sealant with ACP); (III) demineralized enamel slab+experimental sealant with fluoride (ESF); (IV) demineralized enamel slab+experimental sealant with fluoride/ACP (ACP-F); and (V) demineralized enamel slab (control). After the experimental period, the percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (DeltaKHN) were evaluated. The concentrations of fluoride, calcium and phosphorus in enamel were also determined. RESULTS The sealants containing ACP and/or fluoride presented a higher remineralizing capacity (%SMHR and DeltaKHN) than that of the control group. Aegis provided either more efficient or similar remineralization than the other sealants. The association between ACP and fluoride did not show a greater efficacy in the remineralization. F, Ca and P concentrations in enamel varied according to the group. CONCLUSION The pit and fissure sealants containing ACP were able to promote remineralization of artificially induced carious lesions on smooth enamel surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kélio Garcia Silva
- Post graduation Program in Pediatric Dentistry, UNESP-São Paulo State University, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wigen TI, Wang NJ. Caries and background factors in Norwegian and immigrant 5-year-old children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2009; 38:19-28. [PMID: 19845710 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2009.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to assess the caries status of 5-year-olds in a low caries area, and study associations between dental caries and parent-related factors: parents' education, national origin, oral health behaviours and attitudes. METHODS The material consisted of 523 children and was a stratified random sample. Clinical and radiographic examination was performed in 2007. Enamel and dentine caries were recorded at surface level. Parents filled in questionnaires regarding socioeconomic status, their own oral health behaviours and attitudes. RESULTS Most participants (66%) had no caries experience and 16% had enamel caries only. Dentine caries experience was present in 18% of the children, and 5% had dentine caries experience in five or more teeth. Surfaces with enamel caries constituted half of all surfaces with caries experience. In multiple logistic regression, statistically significant risk indicators for the child having dentine caries experience at the age of five were: having one or both parents of non-western origin (OR = 4.8), both parents (OR = 3.0) or one parent (OR = 2.1) with low education, parental laxness about the child's tooth brushing (OR = 2.8), parents' brushing their own teeth less than twice a day (OR = 2.2) and having parents with frequent sugar intakes (OR = 1.8). CONCLUSION Caries prevalence in 5-year-olds was strongly associated with parent-related factors signifying that information on parents' socioeconomic status, dental behaviours and attitudes should be considered when planning dental services for young children. Our results suggest that the real high risk group is non-western children whose parents have low education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tove I Wigen
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Behavioural Science, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Caries prevalence and tooth surface distribution in a group of 5-year-old Italian children. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009; 10:33-7. [PMID: 19254525 DOI: 10.1007/bf03262665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM This was to investigate caries experience and patterns in a sample of 5-year-old children attending nursery schools in the Veneto Region (Italy). STUDY DESIGN Cross sectional study. METHODS The study was carried out between September 2005 and May 2006 with 348 randomly selected 5-year-old children. Two calibrated dentists using an artificial light, a plane dental mirror and a dental probe performed clinical dental examination. World Health Organisation (WHO) diagnostic criteria for dental caries: dmft, dmfs and SiC indexes were used to measure the severity of the disease. STATISTICS dmfs scores were analysed either as a continuous continuous (calculating means and standard deviations) or as a categorical variable (providing proportions). Pearson's chi square test for comparison between groups and Wilcoxon signed-rank test for distribution of dmfs scores between pairs of contiguous molars were used. RESULTS The most commonly affected teeth were primary molars, (78% of the overall sample), especially in the mandible. The surfaces of molars most often affected were the occlusal (52%). Proximal surfaces were affected more in first than in second primary molars. Dental caries occurred most often in the maxilla. The frequency of caries in anterior teeth was low (12%). CONCLUSIONS Caries experience in the primary dentition showed a symmetrical distribution localized on primary molars, most often in their occlusal surface. Caries in anterior teeth was uncommon.
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