1
|
Zhang B, Mullmann J, Ludewig AH, Fernandez IR, Bales TR, Weiss RS, Schroeder FC. Acylspermidines are conserved mitochondrial sirtuin-dependent metabolites. Nat Chem Biol 2024; 20:812-822. [PMID: 38167917 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-023-01511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sirtuins are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein lysine deacylases regulating metabolism and stress responses; however, characterization of the removed acyl groups and their downstream metabolic fates remains incomplete. Here we employed untargeted comparative metabolomics to reinvestigate mitochondrial sirtuin biochemistry. First, we identified N-glutarylspermidines as metabolites downstream of the mitochondrial sirtuin SIR-2.3 in Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrated that SIR-2.3 functions as a lysine deglutarylase and that N-glutarylspermidines can be derived from O-glutaryl-ADP-ribose. Subsequent targeted analysis of C. elegans, mouse and human metabolomes revealed a chemically diverse range of N-acylspermidines, and formation of N-succinylspermidines and/or N-glutarylspermidines was observed downstream of mammalian mitochondrial sirtuin SIRT5 in two cell lines, consistent with annotated functions of SIRT5. Finally, N-glutarylspermidines were found to adversely affect C. elegans lifespan and mammalian cell proliferation. Our results indicate that N-acylspermidines are conserved metabolites downstream of mitochondrial sirtuins that facilitate annotation of sirtuin enzymatic activities in vivo and may contribute to sirtuin-dependent phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingsen Zhang
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James Mullmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Irma R Fernandez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tyler R Bales
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Robert S Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Takahashi Y. ACL5 acquired strict thermospermine synthesis activity during the emergence of vascular plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 242:2669-2681. [PMID: 38587066 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Norspermine (Nspm), one of the uncommon polyamines (PAs), was detected in bryophytes and lycophytes; therefore, the aminopropyltransferases involved in the synthesis of Nspm were investigated. The enzymatic activity was evaluated by the transient high expression of various aminopropyltransferase genes in Nicotiana benthamiana, followed by quantification of PA distribution in the leaves using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The bryophyte orthologues of ACL5, which is known to synthesise thermospermine (Tspm) in flowering plants, were found to have strong Nspm synthesis activity. In addition, two ACL5 orthologous with different substrate specificities were conserved in Selaginella moellendorffii, one of which was involved in Tspm synthesis and the other in Nspm synthesis. Therefore, further detailed analysis using these two factors revealed that the β-hairpin structural region consisting of β-strands 1 and 2 at the N-terminus of ACL5 is involved in substrate specificity. Through functional analysis of a total of 40 ACL5 genes in 33 organisms, including algae, it was shown that ACL5 has changed its substrate specificity several times during plant evolution and diversification. Furthermore, it was strongly suggested that ACL5 acquired strict Tspm synthesis activity during the emergence of vascular plants, especially through major changes around the β-hairpin structural region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Life Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, 2-3-1 Matsukadai Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 813-8503, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Liang J, Baniasadi HR, Kurihara S, Phillips MA, Michael AJ. Functional identification of bacterial spermine, thermospermine, norspermine, norspermidine, spermidine, and N 1-aminopropylagmatine synthases. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107281. [PMID: 38588807 PMCID: PMC11107197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Spermine synthase is an aminopropyltransferase that adds an aminopropyl group to the essential polyamine spermidine to form tetraamine spermine, needed for normal human neural development, plant salt and drought resistance, and yeast CoA biosynthesis. We functionally identify for the first time bacterial spermine synthases, derived from phyla Bacillota, Rhodothermota, Thermodesulfobacteriota, Nitrospirota, Deinococcota, and Pseudomonadota. We also identify bacterial aminopropyltransferases that synthesize the spermine same mass isomer thermospermine, from phyla Cyanobacteriota, Thermodesulfobacteriota, Nitrospirota, Dictyoglomota, Armatimonadota, and Pseudomonadota, including the human opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Most of these bacterial synthases were capable of synthesizing spermine or thermospermine from the diamine putrescine and so possess also spermidine synthase activity. We found that most thermospermine synthases could synthesize tetraamine norspermine from triamine norspermidine, that is, they are potential norspermine synthases. This finding could explain the enigmatic source of norspermine in bacteria. Some of the thermospermine synthases could synthesize norspermidine from diamine 1,3-diaminopropane, demonstrating that they are potential norspermidine synthases. Of 18 bacterial spermidine synthases identified, 17 were able to aminopropylate agmatine to form N1-aminopropylagmatine, including the spermidine synthase of Bacillus subtilis, a species known to be devoid of putrescine. This suggests that the N1-aminopropylagmatine pathway for spermidine biosynthesis, which bypasses putrescine, may be far more widespread than realized and may be the default pathway for spermidine biosynthesis in species encoding L-arginine decarboxylase for agmatine production. Some thermospermine synthases were able to aminopropylate N1-aminopropylagmatine to form N12-guanidinothermospermine. Our study reveals an unsuspected diversification of bacterial polyamine biosynthesis and suggests a more prominent role for agmatine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jue Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Hamid R Baniasadi
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shin Kurihara
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Margaret A Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony J Michael
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan B, Xiao D, Wang J, Tan B. The Roles of Polyamines in Intestinal Development and Function in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1228. [PMID: 38672376 PMCID: PMC11047586 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract plays crucial roles in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as in maintenance of a functional barrier. The development and maturation of the intestine is important for piglets to maintain optimal growth and health. Polyamines are necessary for the proliferation and growth of enterocytes, which play a key role in differentiation, migration, remodeling and integrity of the intestinal mucosa after injury. This review elaborates the development of the structure and function of the intestine of piglets during embryonic, suckling and weaning periods, the utilization and metabolism of polyamines in the intestine, as well as the role of polyamines in intestinal development and mucosal repair. The nutritional intervention to improve intestinal development and functions by modulating polyamine metabolism in piglets is also put forward. These results may help to promote the adaption to weaning in pigs and provide useful information for the development and health of piglets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Tan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.T.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.T.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.T.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Bi’e Tan
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Products of Hunan Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (B.T.); (D.X.); (J.W.)
- Yuelushan Laboratory, Changsha 410128, China
- Hunan Linxi Biological Technology Co., Ltd. Expert Workstation, Changsha 410202, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Z, Wu Y, Yang W, Wang W, Li J, Huang X, Yang Y, Zhang X, Ye X. Characterization of polyamine metabolism predicts prognosis, immune profile, and therapeutic efficacy in lung adenocarcinoma patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1331759. [PMID: 38650895 PMCID: PMC11033315 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1331759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polyamine modification patterns in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their impact on prognosis, immune infiltration, and anti-tumor efficacy have not been systematically explored. Methods Patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were classified into subtypes according to polyamine metabolism-related genes using the consensus clustering method, and the survival outcomes and immune profile were compared. Meanwhile, the geneCluster was constructed according to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the subtypes. Subsequently, the polyamine metabolism-related score (PMRS) system was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) multivariate regression analysis in the TCGA training cohort (n = 245), which can be applied to characterize the prognosis. To verify the predictive performance of the PMRS, the internal cohort (n = 245) and the external cohort (n = 244) were recruited. The relationship between the PMRS and immune infiltration and antitumor responses was investigated. Results Two distinct patterns (C1 and C2) were identified, in which the C1 subtype presented an adverse prognosis, high CD8+ T cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune checkpoint, and low tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE). Furthermore, two geneClusters were established, and similar findings were observed. The PMRS, including three genes (SMS, SMOX, and PSMC6), was then constructed to characterize the polyamine metabolic patterns, and the patients were divided into high- and low-PMRS groups. As confirmed by the validation cohort, the high-PMRS group possessed a poor prognosis. Moreover, external samples and immunohistochemistry confirmed that the three genes were highly expressed in tumor samples. Finally, immunotherapy and chemotherapy may be beneficial to the high-PMRS group based on the immunotherapy cohorts and low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values. Conclusion We identified distinct polyamine modification patterns and established a PMRS to provide new insights into the mechanism of polyamine action and improve the current anti-tumor strategy of LUAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhua Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Health Team, Jiangsu Marine Police Bureau, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jinbo Li
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yanqiang Yang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stewart TM, Foley JR, Holbert CE, Khomutov M, Rastkari N, Tao X, Khomutov AR, Zhai RG, Casero RA. Difluoromethylornithine rebalances aberrant polyamine ratios in Snyder-Robinson syndrome. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17833. [PMID: 37702369 PMCID: PMC10630878 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) results from mutations in spermine synthase (SMS), which converts the polyamine spermidine into spermine. Affecting primarily males, common manifestations of SRS include intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonia, and seizures. Symptom management is the only treatment. Reduced SMS activity causes spermidine accumulation while spermine levels are reduced. The resulting exaggerated spermidine:spermine ratio is a biochemical hallmark of SRS that tends to correlate with symptom severity. Our studies aim to pharmacologically manipulate polyamine metabolism to correct this imbalance as a therapeutic strategy for SRS. Here we report the repurposing of 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an FDA-approved inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in rebalancing spermidine:spermine ratios in SRS patient cells. Mechanistic in vitro studies demonstrate that, while reducing spermidine biosynthesis, DFMO also stimulates the conversion of spermidine into spermine in hypomorphic SMS cells and induces uptake of exogenous spermine, altogether reducing the aberrant ratios. In a Drosophila SRS model characterized by reduced lifespan, DFMO improves longevity. As nearly all SRS patient mutations are hypomorphic, these studies form a strong foundation for translational studies with significant therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Noushin Rastkari
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Alex R Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular BiologyRussian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer CenterJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nowicka-Bauer K, Kamieniczna M, Olszewska M, Kurpisz MK. Proteomic approach towards identification of seminal fluid biomarkers from individuals with severe oligozoospermia, cryptozoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia: a pilot study. Transl Androl Urol 2023; 12:1497-1510. [PMID: 37969768 PMCID: PMC10643378 DOI: 10.21037/tau-23-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infertility becomes a global problem that affects to the same extent females and males. As reasons of male infertility can differ among individuals, the accurate diagnostics is essential for effective treatment. The most problematic both in diagnostics and in treatment are disturbances of spermatogenesis. Seminal fluid is rich in proteins that potentially can serve as markers for male infertility and among them, markers of spermatogenesis which are highly desired. Methods To find biomarkers of spermatogenesis, we applied comparative proteomics using nano ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (nanoUPLC-MS/MS) followed by single-sample Western blotting (WB) using seminal fluid samples from males with different types of infertility including non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), cryptozoospermia (C) and severe oligozoospermia (SO). Then, the extensive survey on the identified proteins and their function in male reproductive system has been done. Results The proteomic approach has enabled to identified five seminal fluid proteins being potential markers of spermatogenesis disorders: ADGRG2, RAB3B, LTF, SLC2A3 and spermine synthase (SMS). Among them ADGRG2 seems to be strongly involved in male infertility. In addition, WB indicated that the distribution of LTF, SLC2A3 and SMS was not coherent among the individuals, especially in a group with NOA. Functional annotation analysis and search in proteomics databases revealed that vast majority of the proteins originated from extracellular environment. Conclusions The presented data point out several proteins that potentially can become biomarkers of male infertility. The data suggest, however, different mechanisms behind the male infertility indicating that the etiology is more complex. We assume that recognition of these mechanisms may lead to the creation of specific protein panel helpful in the management of male infertility and therefore, further studies are required.
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Covering: from 2000 up to the very early part of 2023S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a naturally occurring trialkyl sulfonium molecule that is typically associated with biological methyltransfer reactions. However, SAM is also known to donate methylene, aminocarboxypropyl, adenosyl and amino moieties during natural product biosynthetic reactions. The reaction scope is further expanded as SAM itself can be modified prior to the group transfer such that a SAM-derived carboxymethyl or aminopropyl moiety can also be transferred. Moreover, the sulfonium cation in SAM has itself been found to be critical for several other enzymatic transformations. Thus, while many SAM-dependent enzymes are characterized by a methyltransferase fold, not all of them are necessarily methyltransferases. Furthermore, other SAM-dependent enzymes do not possess such a structural feature suggesting diversification along different evolutionary lineages. Despite the biological versatility of SAM, it nevertheless parallels the chemistry of sulfonium compounds used in organic synthesis. The question thus becomes how enzymes catalyze distinct transformations via subtle differences in their active sites. This review summarizes recent advances in the discovery of novel SAM utilizing enzymes that rely on Lewis acid/base chemistry as opposed to radical mechanisms of catalysis. The examples are categorized based on the presence of a methyltransferase fold and the role played by SAM within the context of known sulfonium chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Daan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Byungsun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cen J, Wang L, Zhang H, Guo Y. Analysis of the prognostic significance and potential mechanisms of lncRNAs related to m6A methylation in laryngeal cancer. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37053494 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2198630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective to investigate the prognostic significance and potential mechanism analysis of m6A methylation-associated lncRNAs in laryngeal cancer. Methods based on the expression of m6A-associated lncRNAs, the samples were divided into two clusters and least absolute value and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to build and validate prognostic models. In addition, the relationships between risk scores, clusters, arginine synthase (SMS), tumor microenvironment, clinicopathological features, immune infiltration, immune checkpoints, and tumor mutation burden were analyzed. Finally, the relationship between SMS and m6A-associated IncRNAs was analyzed and SMS-associated pathways were enriched by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results a total of 95 lncRNAs were associated with the expression of 22 m6A methylation regulators in laryngeal cancer, 14 of which were prognostic lncRNAs. These lncRNAs were divided into two clusters and evaluated. Clinicopathological features did not show significant differences. However, the two clusters differed significantly in terms of naive B cells, memory B cells, naive CD4 T cells, T helper cells and immune score. lASSO regression analysis showed that risk score was a significant predictor of progression-free survival. Conclusion low expression of m6A-related lncRNAs involved in laryngeal cancer development in laryngeal cancer tissues can be used as an indicator to diagnose patients with laryngeal cancer, reduce patient prognosis, be an independent risk factor affecting patient prognosis and be able to assess patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingtu Cen
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,ear-nose-throat department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,ear-nose-throat department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,ear-nose-throat department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,ear-nose-throat department, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stewart TRM, Foley JR, Holbert CE, Khomutov MA, Rastkari N, Tao X, Khomutov AR, Zhai RG, Casero RA. Difluoromethylornithine rebalances aberrant polyamine ratios in Snyder-Robinson syndrome: mechanism of action and therapeutic potential. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.30.534977. [PMID: 37034775 PMCID: PMC10081208 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.30.534977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is caused by mutations in the spermine synthase (SMS) gene, the enzyme product of which converts the polyamine spermidine into spermine. Affecting primarily males, common manifestations of SRS include intellectual disability, osteoporosis, hypotonic musculature, and seizures, along with other more variable symptoms. Currently, medical management focuses on treating these symptoms without addressing the underlying molecular cause of the disease. Reduced SMS catalytic activity in cells of SRS patients causes the accumulation of spermidine, while spermine levels are reduced. The resulting exaggeration in spermidine-to-spermine ratio is a biochemical hallmark of SRS that tends to correlate with symptom severity in the patient. Our studies aim to pharmacologically manipulate polyamine metabolism to correct this polyamine imbalance and investigate the potential of this approach as a therapeutic strategy for affected individuals. Here we report the use of difluoromethylornithine (DFMO; eflornithine), an FDA-approved inhibitor of polyamine biosynthesis, in re-establishing normal spermidine-to-spermine ratios in SRS patient cells. Through mechanistic studies, we demonstrate that, while reducing spermidine biosynthesis, DFMO also stimulates the conversion of existing spermidine into spermine in cell lines with hypomorphic variants of SMS. Further, DFMO treatment induces a compensatory uptake of exogenous polyamines, including spermine and spermine mimetics, cooperatively reducing spermidine and increasing spermine levels. In a Drosophila SRS model characterized by reduced lifespan, adding DFMO to the feed extended lifespan. As nearly all known SRS patient mutations are hypomorphic, these studies form a foundation for future translational studies with significant therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu M, Liu P, Huang Q, Xu S, Dumont HJ, Han BP. High-quality genome of Diaphanosoma dubium provides insights into molecular basis of its broad ecological adaptation. iScience 2023; 26:106006. [PMID: 36798432 PMCID: PMC9926121 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diaphanosoma dubium Manuilova, 1964, is a widespread planktonic water flea in Asian freshwater. Although sharing similar ecological roles with species of Daphnia, studies on D. dubium and its congeners are still few and lacking a genome for the further studies. Here, we assembled a high quality and chromosome level genome of D. dubium by combining long reads sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The total length of assembled genome was 101.8 Mb, with 98.92 Mb (97.2%) anchored into 22 chromosomes. Through comparative genomic analysis, we found the genes, involved in anti-ROS, detoxification, protein digestion, germ cells regulation and protection, underwent expansion in D. dubium. These genes and their expansion helpfully explain its widespread geographical distribution and dominance in eutrophic waters. This study provides insight into the adaptive evolution of D. dubium at genomic perspectives, and the present high quality genomic resource will be a footstone for future omics studies of the species and its congeners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shaolin Xu
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Henri J. Dumont
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Ghent University, Department of Biology, Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bo-Ping Han
- Department of Ecology and Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiang L, Piao L, Wang D, Qi LFR. Overexpression of SMS in the tumor microenvironment is associated with immunosuppression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:974241. [PMID: 36544774 PMCID: PMC9760682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.974241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of polyamine metabolism may contribute to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the precise mechanism remains unknown. This study reports that spermine synthase (SMS), an enzyme involved in polyamine biosynthesis, is overexpressed in HCC and not associated with hepatitis virus infection in HCC patients. The results of analyzing the clinical data of HCC patients showed that SMS level as a categorical dependent variable was related to clinicopathological features of poor prognosis. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and ROC curve indicated that increased SMS level is associated with poor survival rate in HCC and may be a potential biomarker to discriminate HCC tissues. However, SMS overexpression limited the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which seemed to be related to the immunosuppressive effect of the HCC immune microenvironment formed by higher mRNA transcript levels of immune checkpoints and higher infiltration levels of immunosuppressive cells. In samples with high and low SMS expression, functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that SMS may be linked to the occurrence and development of HCC by affecting a variety of immune-related pathways, such as Intestinal immune network for IgA production, Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, Antigen processing and presentation, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Subsequently, analysis of the co-expression network of SMS in the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) cohort revealed that SMS has a broad impact on multiple important immune- and metabolic-related processes in HCC. In summary, SMS is a promising biomarker to differentiate the prognosis, immune characteristics, and holds promise as a potential target for ICB therapy to improve HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xiang
- Department of Translational Medicine Research Institute, Jiangsu Yifengrong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Longhuan Piao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li-Feng-Rong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,*Correspondence: Li-Feng-Rong Qi,
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pan X, Xue L, Sun Y. Spermine synthase ( SMS) serves as a prognostic biomarker in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a bioinformatics analysis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1213. [PMID: 36544695 PMCID: PMC9761182 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is an aggressive type of cancer that lacks early detection, and therefore, has a low 5-year survival rate. The spermine synthase (SMS) gene has been shown to be associated with Snyder-Robinson syndrome and poor prognosis of multiple cancers; however, its regulatory role in HNSC has never been investigated. Therefore, we explored the potential predictive value of SMS in HNSC. Methods We explored the association between SMS expression and clinicopathological parameters of HNSC patients by using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets (TCGA). The prognostic value of SMS was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier plotter, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) 2 and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. We further used gene set enrichment analysis (GESA) to investigate the potential roles of SMS in HNSC prognosis and Tumor Immunity Estimation Resource 2.0 (TIMER2.0) to analyze the correlation between immune cell infiltration and SMS expression. Finally, starBase was used to screen out prognosis-associated non-coding RNA genes to constructed the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. Co-expression and survival analyses were used to identify the ceRNA network's effect on HNSC prognosis. Results We found that SMS expression was increased in HNSC compared with normal tissues (P<0.05). In addition, SMS expression was associated with tumor grade (P=0.006), N stage (P=0.001), and prognosis. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of SMS showed worse overall survival (OS) (HR =1.4, P=0.01) and worse disease-free survival (DFS) (HR =1.5, P=0.014). Multivariate Cox analysis further supported the prognostic value of SMS in HNSC (HR =1.006636, P=0.0056). GESA showed that SMS was involved in metabolism- and immune-related pathways. The immune infiltration analyses results showed a decrease in the landscape of immune cell infiltration with high SMS expression and SMS deletion in HNSC. Finally, a ceRNA network (SMS/hsa-miR-23b-3p/KTN1-AS1 and VPS9D1-AS axis) was constructed based on the co-expression and survival analyses in HNSC. Conclusions Our findings first revealed that SMS functioned as a potential prognostic biomarker and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of its function in HNSC. The use of SMS may be powerful for determining worse prognosis HNSC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijun Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihan Sun
- Department of Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mei X, Hu L, Song Y, Zhou C, Mu R, Xie X, Li J, Xiang L, Weng Q, Yang Z. Heterologous Expression and Characterization of Tea ( Camellia sinensis) Polyamine Oxidase Homologs and Their Involvement in Stresses. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11880-11891. [PMID: 36106904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine oxidase (PAO) is a key enzyme maintaining polyamine homeostasis, which affects plant physiological activities. Until now, the gene members and function of PAOs in tea (Camellia sinenesis) have not been fully identified. Here, through the expression in Escherichia coli and Nicotiana benthamiana, we identified six genes annotated as CsPAO in tea genome and transcriptome and determined their enzyme reaction modes and gene expression profiles in tea cultivar 'Yinghong 9'. We found that CsPAO1,2,3 could catalyze spermine, thermospermine, and norspermidine, and CsPAO2,3 could catalyze spermidine in the back-conversion mode, which indicated that the precursor of γ-aminobutyric acid might originate from the oxidation of putrescin but not spermidine. We further investigated the changes of CsPAO activity with temperature and pH and their stability. Kinetic parameters suggested that CsPAO2 was the major PAO modifying polyamine composition in tea, and it could be inactivated by β-hydroxyethylhydrazine and aminoguanidine. Putrescine content and CsPAO2 expression were high in tea flowers. CsPAO2 responded to wound, drought, and salt stress; CsPAO1 might be the main member responding to cold stress; anoxia induced CsPAO3. We conclude that in terms of phylogenetic tree, enzyme characteristics, and expression profile, CsPAO2 might be the dominant CsPAO in the polyamine degradation pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Mei
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Liuhong Hu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Yuyan Song
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Caibi Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Xintai Xie
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Lan Xiang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Qingbei Weng
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Ziyin Yang
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xingke Road 723, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510650, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhao Q, Wu ZE, Li B, Li F. Recent advances in metabolism and toxicity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
16
|
Erichsen L, Thimm C, Santourlidis S. Methyl Group Metabolism in Differentiation, Aging, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8378. [PMID: 35955511 PMCID: PMC9369357 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl group metabolism belongs to a relatively understudied field of research. Its importance lies in the fact that methyl group metabolic pathways are crucial for the successful conversion of dietary nutrients into the basic building blocks to carry out any cellular methylation reaction. Methyl groups play essential roles in numerous cellular functions such as DNA methylation, nucleotide- and protein biosynthesis. Especially, DNA methylation is responsible for organizing the genome into transcriptionally silent and active regions. Ultimately, it is this proper annotation that determines the quality of expression patterns required to ensure and shape the phenotypic integrity and function of a highly specialized cell type. Life is characterized by constantly changing environmental conditions, which are addressed by changes in DNA methylation. This relationship is increasingly coming into focus as it is of fundamental importance for differentiation, aging, and cancer. The stability and permanence of these metabolic processes, fueling the supplementation of methyl groups, seem to be important criteria to prevent deficiencies and erosion of the methylome. Alterations in the metabolic processes can lead to epigenetic and genetic perturbations, causative for diverse disorders, accelerated aging, and various age-related diseases. In recent decades, the intake of methyl group compounds has changed significantly due to, e.g., environmental pollution and food additives. Based on the current knowledge, this review provides a brief overview of the highly interconnected relationship between nutrition, metabolism, changes in epigenetic modifications, cancer, and aging. One goal is to provide an impetus to additionally investigate changes in DNA methylation as a possible consequence of an impaired methyl group metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Erichsen
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Chantelle Thimm
- Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shen Y, Huang Q, Zhang Y, Hsueh CY, Zhou L. A novel signature derived from metabolism-related genes GPT and SMS to predict prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:226. [PMID: 35804447 PMCID: PMC9270735 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02647-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A growing body of evidence has suggested the involvement of metabolism in the occurrence and development of tumors. But the link between metabolism and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) has rarely been reported. This study seeks to understand and explain the role of metabolic biomarkers in predicting the prognosis of LSCC. Methods We identified the differentially expressed metabolism-related genes (MRGs) through RNA-seq data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). After the screening of protein–protein interaction (PPI), hub MRGs were analyzed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and Cox regression analyses to construct a prognostic signature. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was applied to verify the effectiveness of the prognostic signature in four cohorts (TCGA cohort, GSE27020 cohort, TCGA-sub1 cohort and TCGA-sub2 cohort). The expressions of the hub MRGs in LSCC cell lines and clinical samples were verified by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The immunofluorescence staining of the tissue microarray (TMA) was carried out to further verify the reliability and validity of the prognostic signature. Cox regression analysis was then used to screen for independent prognostic factors of LSCC and a nomogram was constructed based on the results. Results Among the 180 differentially expressed MRGs, 14 prognostic MRGs were identified. A prognostic signature based on two MRGs (GPT and SMS) was then constructed and verified via internal and external validation cohorts. Compared to the adjacent normal tissues, SMS expression was higher while GPT expression was lower in LSCC tissues, indicating poorer outcomes. The prognostic signature was proven as an independent risk factor for LSCC in both internal and external validation cohorts. A nomogram based on these results was developed for clinical application. Conclusions Differentially expressed MRGs were found and proven to be related to the prognosis of LSCC. We constructed a novel prognostic signature based on MRGs in LSCC for the first time and verified it via different cohorts from both databases and clinical samples. A nomogram based on this prognostic signature was developed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02647-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chi-Yao Hsueh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aloisi I, Piccini C, Cai G, Del Duca S. Male Fertility under Environmental Stress: Do Polyamines Act as Pollen Tube Growth Protectants? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1874. [PMID: 35163795 PMCID: PMC8836739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pollen structure and morphology evolved toward the optimization of stability and fertilization efficiency, its performance is affected by harsh environmental conditions, e.g., heat, cold, drought, pollutants, and other stressors. These phenomena are expected to increase in the coming years in relation to predicted environmental scenarios, contributing to a rapid increase in the interest of the scientific community in understanding the molecular and physiological responses implemented by male gametophyte to accomplish reproduction. Here, after a brief introduction summarizing the main events underlying pollen physiology with a focus on polyamine involvement in its development and germination, we review the main effects that environmental stresses can cause on pollen. We report the most relevant evidence in the literature underlying morphological, cytoskeletal, metabolic and signaling alterations involved in stress perception and response, focusing on the final stage of pollen life, i.e., from when it hydrates, to pollen tube growth and sperm cell transport, with these being the most sensitive to environmental changes. Finally, we hypothesize the molecular mechanisms through which polyamines, well-known molecules involved in plant development, stress response and adaptation, can exert a protective action against environmental stresses in pollen by decoding the essential steps and the intersection between polyamines and pollen tube growth mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Aloisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
| | - Chiara Piccini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Giampiero Cai
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, University of Siena, Via Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Stefano Del Duca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università Degli Studi di Bologna, Via Irnerio, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (I.A.); (S.D.D.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Agri-Food Industrial Research, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Soda K. Overview of Polyamines as Nutrients for Human Healthy Long Life and Effect of Increased Polyamine Intake on DNA Methylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11010164. [PMID: 35011727 PMCID: PMC8750749 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are synthesized in every living cell and are therefore contained in foods, especially in those that are thought to contribute to health and longevity. They have many physiological activities similar to those of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances such as polyphenols. These include antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, cell and gene protection, and autophagy activation. We have first reported that increased polyamine intake (spermidine much more so than spermine) over a long period increased blood spermine levels and inhibited aging-associated pathologies and pro-inflammatory status in humans and mice and extended life span of mice. However, it is unlikely that the life-extending effect of polyamines is exerted by the same bioactivity as polyphenols because most studies using polyphenols and antioxidants have failed to demonstrate their life-extending effects. Recent investigations revealed that aging-associated pathologies and lifespan are closely associated with DNA methylation, a regulatory mechanism of gene expression. There is a close relationship between polyamine metabolism and DNA methylation. We have shown that the changes in polyamine metabolism affect the concentrations of substances and enzyme activities involved in DNA methylation. I consider that the increased capability of regulation of DNA methylation by spermine is a key of healthy long life of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Soda
- Department Cardiovascular Institute for Medical Research, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, 1-847, Amanuma, Saitama-City 330-0834, Saitama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
McMurray HR, Ambeskovic A, Newman LA, Aldersley J, Balakrishnan V, Smith B, Stern HA, Land H, McCall MN. Gene network modeling via TopNet reveals functional dependencies between diverse tumor-critical mediator genes. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110136. [PMID: 34936873 PMCID: PMC8803128 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant cell transformation and the underlying reprogramming of gene
expression require the cooperation of multiple oncogenic mutations. This
cooperation is reflected in the synergistic regulation of non-mutant downstream
genes, so-called cooperation response genes (CRGs). CRGs affect diverse hallmark
features of cancer cells and are not known to be functionally connected.
However, they act as critical mediators of the cancer phenotype at an
unexpectedly high frequency >50%, as indicated by genetic perturbations.
Here, we demonstrate that CRGs function within a network of strong genetic
interdependencies that are critical to the malignant state. Our network modeling
methodology, TopNet, takes the approach of incorporating uncertainty in the
underlying gene perturbation data and can identify non-linear gene interactions.
In the dense space of gene connectivity, TopNet reveals a sparse topological
gene network architecture, effectively pinpointing functionally relevant gene
interactions. Thus, among diverse potential applications, TopNet has utility for
identification of non-mutant targets for cancer intervention. Malignant cell transformation requires the cooperation of multiple
oncogenic mutations. Here, we demonstrate that non-mutated genes function within
a network of strong genetic interdependencies that are critical to the malignant
state. Our network modeling methodology, TopNet, reveals a sparse topological
gene network architecture, effectively pinpointing functionally relevant gene
interactions.
Collapse
|
21
|
Yu J, Wang B, Fan W, Fan S, Xu Y, Liu C, Lv T, Liu W, Wu L, Xian L, Li T. Polyamines Involved in Regulating Self-Incompatibility in Apple. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1797. [PMID: 34828403 PMCID: PMC8620888 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Apple exhibits typical gametophytic self-incompatibility, in which self-S-RNase can arrest pollen tube growth, leading to failure of fertilization. To date, there have been few studies on how to resist the toxicity of self-S-RNase. In this study, pollen tube polyamines were found to respond to self-S-RNase and help pollen tubes defend against self-S-RNase. In particular, the contents of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine in the pollen tube treated with self-S-RNase were substantially lower than those treated with non-self-S-RNase. Further analysis of gene expression of key enzymes in the synthesis and degradation pathways of polyamines found that the expression of DIAMINE OXIDASE 4 (MdDAO4) as well as several polyamine oxidases such as POLYAMINE OXIDASES 3 (MdPAO3), POLYAMINE OXIDASES 4 (MdPAO4), and POLYAMINE OXIDASES 6 (MdPAO6) were significantly up-regulated under self-S-RNase treatment, resulting in the reduction of polyamines. Silencing MdPAO6 in pollen tubes alleviates the inhibitory effect of self-S-RNase on pollen tube growth. In addition, exogenous polyamines also enhance pollen tube resistance to self-S-RNase. Transcriptome sequencing data found that polyamines may communicate with S-RNase through the calcium signal pathway, thereby regulating the growth of the pollen tubes. To summarize, our results suggested that polyamines responded to the self-incompatibility reaction and could enhance pollen tube tolerance to S-RNase, thus providing a potential way to break self-incompatibility in apple.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Baoan Wang
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Wenqi Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Songbo Fan
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Ya Xu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Tianxing Lv
- Institute of Pomology, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yingkou 115009, China;
| | - Wanda Liu
- Horticultural Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150000, China;
| | - Ling Wu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Linfeng Xian
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| | - Tianzhong Li
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.Y.); (B.W.); (W.F.); (S.F.); (Y.X.); (C.L.); (L.W.); (L.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhao Q, Huang JF, Cheng Y, Dai MY, Zhu WF, Yang XW, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Polyamine metabolism links gut microbiota and testicular dysfunction. MICROBIOME 2021; 9:224. [PMID: 34758869 PMCID: PMC8582214 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male fertility impaired by exogenous toxins is a serious worldwide issue threatening the health of the new-born and causing infertility. However, the metabolic connection between toxic exposures and testicular dysfunction remains unclear. RESULTS In the present study, the metabolic disorder of testicular dysfunction was investigated using triptolide-induced testicular injury in mice. We found that triptolide induced spermine deficiency resulting from disruption of polyamine biosynthesis and uptake in testis, and perturbation of the gut microbiota. Supplementation with exogenous spermine reversed triptolide-induced testicular dysfunction through increasing the expression of genes related to early and late spermatogenic events, as well as increasing the reduced number of offspring. Loss of gut microbiota by antibiotic treatment resulted in depletion of spermine levels in the intestine and potentiation of testicular injury. Testicular dysfunction in triptolide-treated mice was reversed by gut microbial transplantation from untreated mice and supplementation with polyamine-producing Parabacteroides distasonis. The protective effect of spermine during testicular injury was largely dependent on upregulation of heat shock protein 70s (HSP70s) both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The present study linked alterations in the gut microbiota to testicular dysfunction through disruption of polyamine metabolism. The diversity and dynamics of the gut microbiota may be considered as a therapeutic option to prevent male infertility. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jian-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- Shanwei Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanwei, Guangdong Province 516622 China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Man-Yun Dai
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- Academician Workstation, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Fei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Le VTB, Tsimbalyuk S, Lim EQ, Solis A, Gawat D, Boeck P, Lim EQ, Renolo R, Forwood JK, Kuhn ML. The Vibrio cholerae SpeG Spermidine/Spermine N-Acetyltransferase Allosteric Loop and β6-β7 Structural Elements Are Critical for Kinetic Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:645768. [PMID: 33928120 PMCID: PMC8076852 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.645768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines regulate many important biological processes including gene expression, intracellular signaling, and biofilm formation. Their intracellular concentrations are tightly regulated by polyamine transport systems and biosynthetic and catabolic pathways. Spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferases (SSATs) are catabolic enzymes that acetylate polyamines and are critical for maintaining intracellular polyamine homeostasis. These enzymes belong to the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily and adopt a highly conserved fold found across all kingdoms of life. SpeG is an SSAT protein found in a variety of bacteria, including the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. This protein adopts a dodecameric structure and contains an allosteric site, making it unique compared to other SSATs. Currently, we have a limited understanding of the critical structural components of this protein that are required for its allosteric behavior. Therefore, we explored the importance of two key regions of the SpeG protein on its kinetic activity. To achieve this, we created various constructs of the V. cholerae SpeG protein, including point mutations, a deletion, and chimeras with residues from the structurally distinct and non-allosteric human SSAT protein. We measured enzyme kinetic activity toward spermine for ten constructs and crystallized six of them. Ultimately, we identified specific portions of the allosteric loop and the β6-β7 structural elements that were critical for enzyme kinetic activity. These results provide a framework for further study of the structure/function relationship of SpeG enzymes from other organisms and clues toward the structural evolution of members of the GNAT family across domains of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Bich Le
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sofiya Tsimbalyuk
- School of Biomedical Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Ee Qi Lim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Allan Solis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Darwin Gawat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paloma Boeck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ee Qing Lim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rosselini Renolo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jade K. Forwood
- School of Biomedical Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kong SH, Kim JH, Shin CS. Serum Spermidine as a Novel Potential Predictor for Fragility Fractures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e582-e591. [PMID: 33099626 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolomics is an emerging tool that provides insights into the dynamics of phenotypic changes. It is a potential method for the discovery of novel serum markers of fracture. OBJECTIVE To identify metabolite parameters that can be used as a proxy for osteoporotic fracture risk. DESIGN Prospective study based on the Ansung cohort in Korea. SETTING The general community. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1504 participants with metabolomic analyses. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Fragility fractures. RESULTS We measured 135 baseline metabolite profiles in fasting serum of the participants. The participants had a mean age of 60.2 years and were comprised of 585 (38.9%) men. During a mean 9-year follow-up, 112 osteoporotic fracture events occurred. Of all metabolites measured, only serum spermidine concentrations were positively associated with the risk of fracture (hazard ratio [HR] per 1 μM of spermidine 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.65, P = 0.020) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, smoking status, previous fracture history, and baseline tibial quantitative ultrasound. Participants with spermidine concentrations >1.57 μM had a 2.2-fold higher risk of fractures (95% CI 1.08-4.51, P = 0.030) compared with those with concentrations ≤1.57 μM after adjustment. In a subgroup analysis, women with baseline spermidine concentrations >1.57 μM also had a 2.4-fold higher risk of fracture than those with concentrations ≤1.57 μM (95% CI 1.02-5.48, P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS Increased baseline spermidine concentrations were associated with a risk of osteoporotic fracture during a mean 9-year follow-up. The biological significance of the metabolites in the musculoskeletal system could be a subject for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hye Kong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soo Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Halloran KM, Stenhouse C, Wu G, Bazer FW. Arginine, Agmatine, and Polyamines: Key Regulators of Conceptus Development in Mammals. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:85-105. [PMID: 34251640 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Arginine is a key amino acid in pregnant females as it is the precursor for nitric oxide (NO) via nitric oxide synthase and for polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) by either arginase II and ornithine decarboxylase to putrescine or via arginine decarboxylase to agmatine and agmatine to putrescine via agmatinase. Polyamines are critical for placental growth and vascularization. Polyamines stabilize DNA and mRNA for gene transcription and mRNA translation, stimulate proliferation of trophectoderm, and formation of multinucleated trophectoderm cells that give rise to giant cells in the placentae of species such as mice. Polyamines activate MTOR cell signaling to stimulate protein synthesis and they are important for motility through modification of beta-catenin phosphorylation, integrin signaling via focal adhesion kinases, cytoskeletal organization, and invasiveness or superficial implantation of blastocysts. Physiological levels of arginine, agmatine, and polyamines are critical to the secretion of interferon tau for pregnancy recognition in ruminants. Arginine, polyamines, and agmatine are very abundant in fetal fluids, fetal blood, and tissues of the conceptus during gestation. The polyamines are thus available to influence a multitude of events including activation of development of blastocysts, implantation, placentation, fetal growth, and development required for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Halloran
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Claire Stenhouse
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rocchetti G, Bernardo L, Pateiro M, Barba FJ, Munekata PES, Trevisan M, Lorenzo JM, Lucini L. Impact of a Pitanga Leaf Extract to Prevent Lipid Oxidation Processes during Shelf Life of Packaged Pork Burgers: An Untargeted Metabolomic Approach. Foods 2020; 9:E1668. [PMID: 33203110 PMCID: PMC7696221 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the comprehensive metabolomic changes in pork burgers treated with different antioxidants, namely, (a) a control without antioxidants, (b) 200 mg/kg butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and (c) 250 mg/kg pitanga leaf extract (PLE, from Eugenia uniflora L.), each one packaged under modified atmosphere (80% O2 and 20% CO2) for 18 days storage at 2 ± 1 °C, were deeply studied. In particular, untargeted metabolomics was used to evaluate the impact of the antioxidant extracts on meat quality. The PLE phytochemical profile revealed a wide variety of antioxidant compounds, such as polyphenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Multivariate statistics (both unsupervised and supervised) allowed to observe marked differences in BHT and PLE burgers metabolomic profiles during storage. Most of the differences could be attributed to hexanoylcarnitine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, 6-hydroxypentadecanedioic acid, 9S,11S,15S,20-tetrahydroxy-5Z,13E-prostadienoic acid (20-hydroxy-PGF2a), sativic acid, followed by glycerophospholipids. In addition, significant correlations (p < 0.01) were observed between thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and metabolites related to lipid oxidation processes. Therefore, the approach used showed a clear modulation of lipid oxidation, likely promoted by the plant leaf extract, thus confirming the ability of PLE to delay lipid oxidative phenomena during storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda, Vicent Andrés Estellés, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain;
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Marco Trevisan
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain; (M.P.); (P.E.S.M.); (J.M.L.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process (DiSTAS), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.B.); (M.T.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He YY, Yan Y, Jiang X, Zhao JH, Wang Z, Wu T, Wang Y, Guo SS, Ye J, Lian TY, Xu XQ, Zhang JL, Sun K, Peng FH, Zhou YP, Mao YM, Zhang X, Chen JW, Zhang SY, Jing ZC. Spermine promotes pulmonary vascular remodelling and its synthase is a therapeutic target for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.00522-2020. [PMID: 32513782 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00522-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) remain largely unexplored. Effective treatment of PAH remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to discover the underlying mechanism of PAH through functional metabolomics and to help develop new strategies for prevention and treatment of PAH.Metabolomic profiling of plasma in patients with idiopathic PAH was evaluated through high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with spermine identified to be the most significant and validated in another independent cohort. The roles of spermine and spermine synthase were examined in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and rodent models of pulmonary hypertension.Using targeted metabolomics, plasma spermine levels were found to be higher in patients with idiopathic PAH compared to healthy controls. Spermine administration promoted proliferation and migration of PASMCs and exacerbated vascular remodelling in rodent models of pulmonary hypertension. The spermine-mediated deteriorative effect can be attributed to a corresponding upregulation of its synthase in the pathological process. Inhibition of spermine synthase in vitro suppressed platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated proliferation of PASMCs, and in vivo attenuated monocrotaline-mediated pulmonary hypertension in rats.Plasma spermine promotes pulmonary vascular remodelling. Inhibiting spermine synthesis could be a therapeutic strategy for PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang He
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Y-Y. He, Y. Yan and X. Jiang contributed equally to this work
| | - Yi Yan
- Dept of Cardiopulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Y-Y. He, Y. Yan and X. Jiang contributed equally to this work
| | - Xin Jiang
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Y-Y. He, Y. Yan and X. Jiang contributed equally to this work
| | - Jun-Han Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Dept of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Guo
- Dept of Biochemistry, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jue Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Yu Lian
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Qi Xu
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Hua Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ping Zhou
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Min Mao
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- McKusick-Zhang Center for Genetic Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Wang Chen
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Dept of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shu-Yang Zhang
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,S-Y. Zhang and Z-C. Jing contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Zhi-Cheng Jing
- Dept of Cardiology and Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Vascular Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,S-Y. Zhang and Z-C. Jing contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ghosh I, Sankhe R, Mudgal J, Arora D, Nampoothiri M. Spermidine, an autophagy inducer, as a therapeutic strategy in neurological disorders. Neuropeptides 2020; 83:102083. [PMID: 32873420 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermidine is a naturally occurring endogenous polyamine synthesized from diamine putrescine. It is a well-known autophagy inducer that maintains cellular and neuronal homeostasis. Healthy brain development and function are dependent on brain polyamine concentration. Polyamines interact with the opioid system, glutamatergic signaling and neuroinflammation in the neuronal and glial compartments. Among the polyamines, spermidine is found highest in the human brain. Age-linked fluctuations in the spermidine levels may possibly contribute to the impairments in neural network and neurogenesis. Exogenously administered spermidine helps in the treatment of brain diseases. Further, current studies highlight the ability of spermidine to promote longevity by inducing autophagy. Still, the causal neuroprotective mechanism of spermidine in neuronal dysfunction remains unidentified. This review aims to summarize various neuroprotective effects of spermidine related to anti-aging/ anti-inflammatory properties and the prevention of neurotoxicity that helps in achieving beneficial effects in age-related neurological disorder. We also expose the signaling cascades modulated by spermidine which might result in therapeutic action. The present review highlights clinical studies along with in-vivo and in-vitro preclinical studies to provide a new dimension for the therapeutic potential of spermidine in neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Indrani Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Runali Sankhe
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Devinder Arora
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, MHIQ, QUM Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Pérez-Chávez NA, Nosthas Aguiar V, Allegretto JA, Albesa AG, Giussi JM, Longo GS. Triggering doxorubicin release from responsive hydrogel films by polyamine uptake. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:7492-7502. [PMID: 32724986 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00951b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine are required in many inter- and intra-cellular processes. There is, however, evidence of anomalously high concentrations of these polyamines around cancer cells. Furthermore, high polyamine concentrations play a key role in accelerating the speed of cancer proliferation. Some current therapies target the reduction of the polyamine concentration to delay the cancer advance. In this study, we use a molecular theory to prove the concept that poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) hydrogels can play the dual role of incorporating and retaining polyamines as well as releasing preloaded drugs in response. Towards such a goal, we have developed a molecular model for each of the chemical species, which includes the shape, size, charge, protonation state, and configuration. Our results indicate that PMAA hydrogel films can incorporate significant amounts of polyamines; this absorption increases with the solution concentration of the polyamines. Doxorubicin was chosen as a model drug for this study, which can be successfully incorporated within the film; the optimal encapsulation conditions occur at low salt concentrations and pH values near neutral. Polyamine absorption within the film results in the desorption of the drug from the hydrogel. An increase in the concentration of the polyamines enhances the drug release. To validate our theoretical findings, poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogel thin films were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. Absorption/desorption experiments followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrate doxorubicin encapsulation within these films and polyamine-dependent drug release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Néstor A Pérez-Chávez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Victor Nosthas Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan A Allegretto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina. and Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), San Martín, Argentina
| | - Alberto G Albesa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Juan M Giussi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Gabriel S Longo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas, Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), UNLP-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takamura H, Motose H, Otsu T, Shinohara S, Kouno R, Kadota I, Takahashi T. Chemical Synthesis and Biological Effect on Xylem Formation of Xylemin and Its Analogues. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Takamura
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Motose
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Taichi Otsu
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Shiori Shinohara
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Ryugo Kouno
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Isao Kadota
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| | - Taku Takahashi
- Department of Biological Science; Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology; Okayama University; 3-1-1 Tsushimanaka 700-8530 Kita-ku Okayama Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Murray Stewart T, Khomutov M, Foley JR, Guo X, Holbert CE, Dunston TT, Schwartz CE, Gabrielson K, Khomutov A, Casero RA. ( R, R)-1,12-Dimethylspermine can mitigate abnormal spermidine accumulation in Snyder-Robinson syndrome. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:3247-3256. [PMID: 31996374 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS) is an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the spermine synthase (SMS) gene. Primarily affecting males, the main manifestations of SRS include osteoporosis, hypotonic stature, seizures, cognitive impairment, and developmental delay. Because there is no cure for SRS, treatment plans focus on alleviating symptoms rather than targeting the underlying causes. Biochemically, the cells of individuals with SRS accumulate excess spermidine, whereas spermine levels are reduced. We recently demonstrated that SRS patient-derived lymphoblastoid cells are capable of transporting exogenous spermine and its analogs into the cell and, in response, decreasing excess spermidine pools to normal levels. However, dietary supplementation of spermine does not appear to benefit SRS patients or mouse models. Here, we investigated the potential use of a metabolically stable spermine mimetic, (R,R)-1,12-dimethylspermine (Me2SPM), to reduce the intracellular spermidine pools of SRS patient-derived cells. Me2SPM can functionally substitute for the native polyamines in supporting cell growth while stimulating polyamine homeostatic control mechanisms. We found that both lymphoblasts and fibroblasts from SRS patients can accumulate Me2SPM, resulting in significantly decreased spermidine levels with no adverse effects on growth. Me2SPM administration to mice revealed that Me2SPM significantly decreases spermidine levels in multiple tissues. Importantly, Me2SPM was detectable in brain tissue, the organ most affected in SRS, and was associated with changes in polyamine metabolic enzymes. These findings indicate that the (R,R)-diastereomer of 1,12-Me2SPM represents a promising lead compound in developing a treatment aimed at targeting the molecular mechanisms underlying SRS pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Murray Stewart
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Maxim Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Jackson R Foley
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Cassandra E Holbert
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Tiffany T Dunston
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | | | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alexey Khomutov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Robert A Casero
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Liu G, Mo W, Cao W, Wu X, Jia G, Zhao H, Chen X, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of spermine on ileal physical barrier, antioxidant capacity, metabolic profile and large intestinal bacteria in piglets. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26709-26716. [PMID: 35515753 PMCID: PMC9055407 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10406b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine. However, information is not available regarding the effects of spermine supplementation on gut barrier function, intestinal microbiota and metabolic profile in piglets. Therefore, this study was designed to explore the effect of spermine administration on these parameters. The experiment was conducted on twenty 12 day-old suckling piglets, which were allocated either to the group fed basal formula milk (control group) or to that fed a basal formula milk that contained spermine (0.4 mmol kg−1 BW per day) for 3 days. Caecal and colonic digesta and ileal tissues were collected at the end of the three-day feeding experiment. The results were as follows: (1) supplementation with spermine increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) capacity by 27.84% and glutathione content by 18.68% in the ileum (P < 0.05). (2) Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), catalase (CAT), GST, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein1 (Keap1) mRNA levels in ileum were increased in the spermine-supplemented group in contrast to those in the control group (P < 0.05). (3) The spermine-supplemented group increased zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (by 42.0%), ZO-2 (by 101.0%), occludin (by 84.0%), claudin 2 (by 98.0%), claudin 3 (by 121.0%), claudin 12 (by 47.0%), claudin 14 (by 68.0%) and claudin 16 (by 73.0%) mRNA levels in ileum relative to the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Supplementation with spermine increased ZO-2 and occludin mRNA levels in ileum by reducing myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) (by 23.0%) mRNA level. (5) Spermine supplementation increased choline, glycerolphosphocholine, creatine and serine levels, and decrease alanine, glutamate, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, lactate, tyrosine levels in ileum (P < 0.05). (6) The population of Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria and total bacteria increased, but the number of Escherichia coli decreased in the caecal and colonic digesta after spermine supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, dietary spermine supplementation promotes ileal health by enhancing antioxidant properties, improving ileal barrier function, modulating metabolic profiles, and maintaining large intestinal microbial homeostasis. Spermine, a polyamine, exerts important roles in alleviating oxidative damage, improving immunity, increasing antioxidant status and digestive enzyme activities, and promoting the development of small intestine.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Weiwei Mo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Wei Cao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xianjian Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Caimei Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu 611130
- China
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition
| | - Jing Wang
- Maize Research Institute
- Sichuan Agricultural University
- Chengdu
- China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Garcia EJ, de Jonge JJ, Liao PC, Stivison E, Sing CN, Higuchi-Sanabria R, Boldogh IR, Pon LA. Reciprocal interactions between mtDNA and lifespan control in budding yeast. Mol Biol Cell 2019; 30:2943-2952. [PMID: 31599702 PMCID: PMC6857569 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-06-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) results in loss of mitochondrial respiratory activity, checkpoint-regulated inhibition of cell cycle progression, defects in growth, and nuclear genome instability. However, after several generations, yeast cells can adapt to the loss of mtDNA. During this adaptation, rho0 cells, which have no mtDNA, exhibit increased growth rates and nuclear genome stabilization. Here, we report that an immediate response to loss of mtDNA is a decrease in replicative lifespan (RLS). Moreover, we find that adapted rho0 cells bypass the mtDNA inheritance checkpoint, exhibit increased mitochondrial function, and undergo an increase in RLS as they adapt to the loss of mtDNA. Transcriptome analysis reveals that metabolic reprogramming to compensate for defects in mitochondrial function is an early event during adaptation and that up-regulation of stress response genes occurs later in the adaptation process. We also find that specific subtelomeric genes are silenced during adaptation to loss of mtDNA. Moreover, we find that deletion of SIR3, a subtelomeric gene silencing protein, inhibits silencing of subtelomeric genes associated with adaptation to loss of mtDNA, as well as adaptation-associated increases in mitochondrial function and RLS extension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Enrique J. Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Janeska J. de Jonge
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Pin-Chao Liao
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Elizabeth Stivison
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Cierra N. Sing
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Istvan R. Boldogh
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Liza A. Pon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology and Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yousefi F, Jabbarzadeh Z, Amiri J, Rasouli-Sadaghiani MH. Response of Roses (Rosa hybrida L. 'Herbert Stevens') to Foliar Application of Polyamines on Root Development, Flowering, Photosynthetic Pigments, Antioxidant Enzymes Activity and NPK. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16025. [PMID: 31690765 PMCID: PMC6831702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52547-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of foliar application of polyamines on roses (Rosa hybrida cv. ‘Herbert Stevens’) was investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replications in a greenhouse. Two factors were applied including polyamine type (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and polyamine concentration (0, 1, 2 and 4 mM). The recorded traits included root fresh and dry weight, root length, number of flowers, flower longevity, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, antioxidant enzymes activity (catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) and some macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The results showed that among polyamines, putrescine had the greatest effect on root dry weight; spermidine showed the greatest effect on root length, chlorophyll content, plant phosphorus and spermine affected root fresh weight and flower longevity most strongly. Polyamine concentration of 1 mM had the strongest effect on flower longevity, carotenoids, nitrogen and phosphorus content. The highest potassium rate was observed in treatments with the concentration of 4 mM. Polyamine treatments had no significant effect on the number of flowers per plant and antioxidant enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Yousefi
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zohreh Jabbarzadeh
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Jafar Amiri
- Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ramsay AL, Alonso-Garcia V, Chaboya C, Radut B, Le B, Florez J, Schumacher C, Fierro FA. Modeling Snyder-Robinson Syndrome in multipotent stromal cells reveals impaired mitochondrial function as a potential cause for deficient osteogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15395. [PMID: 31659216 PMCID: PMC6817887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51868-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Snyder-Robinson Syndrome (SRS) exhibit deficient Spermidine Synthase (SMS) gene expression, which causes neurodevelopmental defects and osteoporosis, often leading to extremely fragile bones. To determine the underlying mechanism for impaired bone formation, we modelled the disease by silencing SMS in human bone marrow - derived multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) derived from healthy donors. We found that silencing SMS in MSCs led to reduced cell proliferation and deficient bone formation in vitro, as evidenced by reduced mineralization and decreased bone sialoprotein expression. Furthermore, transplantation of MSCs in osteoconductive scaffolds into immune deficient mice shows that silencing SMS also reduces ectopic bone formation in vivo. Tag-Seq Gene Expression Profiling shows that deficient SMS expression causes strong transcriptome changes, especially in genes related to cell proliferation and metabolic functions. Similarly, metabolome analysis by mass spectrometry, shows that silencing SMS strongly impacts glucose metabolism. This was consistent with observations using electron microscopy, where SMS deficient MSCs show high levels of mitochondrial fusion. In line with these findings, SMS deficiency causes a reduction in glucose consumption and increase in lactate secretion. Our data also suggests that SMS deficiency affects iron metabolism in the cells, which we hypothesize is linked to deficient mitochondrial function. Altogether, our studies suggest that SMS deficiency causes strong transcriptomic and metabolic changes in MSCs, which are likely associated with the observed impaired osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Ramsay
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Alonso-Garcia
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cutter Chaboya
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Brian Radut
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Bryan Le
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jose Florez
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Cameron Schumacher
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Fernando A Fierro
- Institute for Regenerative Cures, University of California Davis, 2921 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sánchez-Jiménez F, Medina MÁ, Villalobos-Rueda L, Urdiales JL. Polyamines in mammalian pathophysiology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3987-4008. [PMID: 31227845 PMCID: PMC11105599 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) are essential organic polycations for cell viability along the whole phylogenetic scale. In mammals, they are involved in the most important physiological processes: cell proliferation and viability, nutrition, fertility, as well as nervous and immune systems. Consequently, altered polyamine metabolism is involved in a series of pathologies. Due to their pathophysiological importance, PA metabolism has evolved to be a very robust metabolic module, interconnected with the other essential metabolic modules for gene expression and cell proliferation/differentiation. Two different PA sources exist for animals: PA coming from diet and endogenous synthesis. In the first section of this work, the molecular characteristics of PAs are presented as determinant of their roles in living organisms. In a second section, the metabolic specificities of mammalian PA metabolism are reviewed, as well as some obscure aspects on it. This second section includes information on mammalian cell/tissue-dependent PA-related gene expression and information on crosstalk with the other mammalian metabolic modules. The third section presents a synthesis of the physiological processes described as modulated by PAs in humans and/or experimental animal models, the molecular bases of these regulatory mechanisms known so far, as well as the most important gaps of information, which explain why knowledge around the specific roles of PAs in human physiology is still considered a "mysterious" subject. In spite of its robustness, PA metabolism can be altered under different exogenous and/or endogenous circumstances so leading to the loss of homeostasis and, therefore, to the promotion of a pathology. The available information will be summarized in the fourth section of this review. The different sections of this review also point out the lesser-known aspects of the topic. Finally, future prospects to advance on these still obscure gaps of knowledge on the roles on PAs on human physiopathology are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sánchez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Málaga, Spain
- UNIT 741, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Málaga, Spain
- UNIT 741, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lorena Villalobos-Rueda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Málaga, Spain
| | - José Luis Urdiales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, and IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), Málaga, Spain.
- UNIT 741, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 29071, Málaga, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Rocchetti G, Barba FJ, Lorenzo JM, Munekata PES, Bernardo L, Tomasevic I, Pateiro M, Lucini L. Untargeted metabolomics to explore the oxidation processes during shelf life of pork patties treated with guarana seed extracts. Int J Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense 84 Piacenza29122Italy
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department Faculty of Pharmacy Universitat de València Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n Burjassot València46100Spain
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas Ourense32900Spain
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas Ourense32900Spain
| | - Letizia Bernardo
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense 84 Piacenza29122Italy
| | - Igor Tomasevic
- Department of Animal Source Food Technology Faculty of Agriculture University of Belgrade Nemanjina 611080Belgrade Serbia
| | - Mirian Pateiro
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia rúa Galicia no. 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas Ourense32900Spain
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Via Emilia Parmense 84 Piacenza29122Italy
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
A polyamine-independent role for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase. Biochem J 2019; 476:2579-2594. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe only known function of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) is to supply, with its partner aminopropyltransferase enzymes such as spermidine synthase (SpdSyn), the aminopropyl donor for polyamine biosynthesis. Polyamine spermidine is probably essential for the growth of all eukaryotes, most archaea and many bacteria. Two classes of AdoMetDC exist, the prokaryotic class 1a and 1b forms, and the eukaryotic class 2 enzyme, which is derived from an ancient fusion of two prokaryotic class 1b genes. Herein, we show that ‘eukaryotic' class 2 AdoMetDCs are found in bacteria and are enzymatically functional. However, the bacterial AdoMetDC class 2 genes are phylogenetically limited and were likely acquired from a eukaryotic source via transdomain horizontal gene transfer, consistent with the class 2 form of AdoMetDC being a eukaryotic invention. We found that some class 2 and thousands of class 1b AdoMetDC homologues are present in bacterial genomes that also encode a gene fusion of an N-terminal membrane protein of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) class of transporters and a C-terminal SpdSyn-like domain. Although these AdoMetDCs are enzymatically functional, spermidine is absent, and an entire fusion protein or its SpdSyn-like domain only, does not biochemically complement a SpdSyn deletion strain of E. coli. This suggests that the fusion protein aminopropylates a substrate other than putrescine, and has a role outside of polyamine biosynthesis. Another integral membrane protein found clustered with these genes is DUF350, which is also found in other gene clusters containing a homologue of the glutathionylspermidine synthetase family and occasionally other polyamine biosynthetic enzymes.
Collapse
|
39
|
Bito T, Okamoto N, Otsuka K, Yabuta Y, Arima J, Kawano T, Watanabe F. Involvement of Spermidine in the Reduced Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans During Vitamin B 12 Deficiency. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090192. [PMID: 31546940 PMCID: PMC6780408 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B12 deficiency leads to various symptoms such as neuropathy, growth retardation, and infertility. Vitamin B12 functions as a coenzyme for two enzymes involved in amino acid metabolisms. However, there is limited information available on whether amino acid disorders caused by vitamin B12 deficiency induce such symptoms. First, free amino acid levels were determined in vitamin B12-deficient Caenorhabditis elegans to clarify the mechanisms underlying the symptoms caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Various amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, and cystathionine, among others) metabolized by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes were found to be significantly changed during conditions of B12 deficiency, which indirectly affected certain amino acids metabolized by vitamin B12-independent enzymes. For example, ornithine was significantly increased during vitamin B12 deficiency, which also significantly increased arginase activity. The accumulation of ornithine during vitamin B12 deficiency constitutes the first report. In addition, the biosynthesis of spermidine from ornithine was significantly decreased during vitamin B12 deficiency, likely due to the reduction of S-adenosylmethionine as a substrate for S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, which catalyzes the formation of spermidine. Moreover, vitamin B12 deficiency also demonstrated a significant reduction in worm lifespan, which was partially recovered by the addition of spermidine. Collectively, our findings suggest that decreased spermidine is one factor responsible for reduced lifespan in vitamin B12-deficient worms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Kenji Otsuka
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Jiro Arima
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawano
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Peng Y, Yang Y, Li L, Jia Z, Cao W, Alexov E. DFMD: Fast and Effective DelPhiForce Steered Molecular Dynamics Approach to Model Ligand Approach Toward a Receptor: Application to Spermine Synthase Enzyme. Front Mol Biosci 2019; 6:74. [PMID: 31552265 PMCID: PMC6737077 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a novel approach, the DelPhiForce Molecular Dynamics (DFMD) method, for steered molecular dynamics simulations to model receptor-ligand association involving charged species. The main purpose of developing DFMD is to simulate ligand's trajectory toward the receptor and thus to predict the "entrance" of the binding pocket and conformational changes associated with the binding. We demonstrate that the DFMD is superior compared with molecular dynamics simulations applying standard cut-offs, provides correct binding forces, allows for modeling the ligand approach at long distances and thus guides the ligand toward the correct binding spot, and it is very fast (frequently the binding is completed in <1 ns). The DFMD is applied to model the binding of two ligands to a receptor (spermine synthase) and it is demonstrated that it guides the ligands toward the corresponding pockets despite of the initial ligand's position with respect to the receptor. Predicted conformational changes and the order of ligand binding are experimentally verified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Peng
- Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Physics, University of Texas, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Zhe Jia
- Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Emil Alexov
- Computational Biophysics and Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Physics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Emil Alexov
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
A critical function of spermidine is in the formation of hypusine, an essential post-translational modification of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF5A. In this issue of Structure, Afandor et al. (2018) determine the crystal structure of trypanosomal deoxyhypusine synthase, which shows that gene duplication and subsequent mutations provide significant differences from the mammalian equivalent exploitable for drug design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, PA 17033, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
El-Sayed ASA, George NM, Yassin MA, Alaidaroos BA, Bolbol AA, Mohamed MS, Rady AM, Aziz SW, Zayed RA, Sitohy MZ. Purification and Characterization of Ornithine Decarboxylase from Aspergillus terreus; Kinetics of Inhibition by Various Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152756. [PMID: 31362455 PMCID: PMC6696095 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo polyamine synthesis in humans and fungi. Elevated levels of polyamine by over-induction of ODC activity in response to tumor-promoting factors has been frequently reported. Since ODC from fungi and human have the same molecular properties and regulatory mechanisms, thus, fungal ODC has been used as model enzyme in the preliminary studies. Thus, the aim of this work was to purify ODC from fungi, and assess its kinetics of inhibition towards various compounds. Forty fungal isolates were screened for ODC production, twenty fungal isolates have the higher potency to grow on L-ornithine as sole nitrogen source. Aspergillus terreus was the most potent ODC producer (2.1 µmol/mg/min), followed by Penicillium crustosum and Fusarium fujikuori. These isolates were molecularly identified based on their ITS sequences, which have been deposited in the NCBI database under accession numbers MH156195, MH155304 and MH152411, respectively. ODC was purified and characterized from A. terreus using SDS-PAGE, showing a whole molecule mass of ~110 kDa and a 50 kDa subunit structure revealing its homodimeric identity. The enzyme had a maximum activity at 37 °C, pH 7.4-7.8 and thermal stability for 20 h at 37 °C, and 90 days storage stability at 4 °C. A. terreus ODC had a maximum affinity (Km) for l-ornithine, l-lysine and l-arginine (0.95, 1.34 and 1.4 mM) and catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) (4.6, 2.83, 2.46 × 10-5 mM-1·s-1). The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by DFMO (0.02 µg/mL), curcumin (IC50 0.04 µg/mL), propargylglycine (20.9 µg/mL) and hydroxylamine (32.9 µg/mL). These results emphasize the strong inhibitory effect of curcumin on ODC activity and subsequent polyamine synthesis. Further molecular dynamic studies to elucidate the mechanistics of ODC inhibition by curcumin are ongoing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf S A El-Sayed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Nelly M George
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Yassin
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed A Bolbol
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Mohamed
- Enzymology and Fungal Biotechnology Lab (EFBL), Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amgad M Rady
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Modern Science and Arts University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safa W Aziz
- Department of Laboratory and Clinical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Rawia A Zayed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Z Sitohy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Solé-Gil A, Hernández-García J, López-Gresa MP, Blázquez MA, Agustí J. Conservation of Thermospermine Synthase Activity in Vascular and Non-vascular Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:663. [PMID: 31244864 PMCID: PMC6579911 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the only confirmed function for thermospermine is regulating xylem cells maturation. However, genes putatively encoding thermospermine synthases have been identified in the genomes of both vascular and non-vascular plants. Here, we verify the activity of the thermospermine synthase genes and the presence of thermospermine in vascular and non-vascular land plants as well as in the aquatic plant Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. In addition, we provide information about differential content of thermospermine in diverse organs at different developmental stages in some vascular species that suggest that, although the major role of thermospermine in vascular plants is likely to be xylem development, other potential roles in development and/or responses to stress conditions could be associated to such polyamine. In summary, our results in vascular and non-vascular species indicate that the capacity to synthesize thermospermine is conserved throughout the entire plant kingdom.
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramos-Molina B, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Lambertos A, Tinahones FJ, Peñafiel R. Dietary and Gut Microbiota Polyamines in Obesity- and Age-Related Diseases. Front Nutr 2019; 6:24. [PMID: 30923709 PMCID: PMC6426781 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are widely distributed polycationic compounds essential for cellular functions. Intracellular polyamine pools are tightly regulated by a complex regulatory mechanism involving de novo biosynthesis, catabolism, and transport across the plasma membrane. In mammals, both the production of polyamines and their uptake from the extracellular space are controlled by a set of proteins named antizymes and antizyme inhibitors. Dysregulation of polyamine levels has been implicated in a variety of human pathologies, especially cancer. Additionally, decreases in the intracellular and circulating polyamine levels during aging have been reported. The differences in the polyamine content existing among tissues are mainly due to the endogenous polyamine metabolism. In addition, a part of the tissue polyamines has its origin in the diet or their production by the intestinal microbiome. Emerging evidence has suggested that exogenous polyamines (either orally administrated or synthetized by the gut microbiota) are able to induce longevity in mice, and that spermidine supplementation exerts cardioprotective effects in animal models. Furthermore, the administration of either spermidine or spermine has been shown to be effective for improving glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity and reducing adiposity and hepatic fat accumulation in diet-induced obesity mouse models. The exogenous addition of agmatine, a cationic molecule produced through arginine decarboxylation by bacteria and plants, also exerts significant effects on glucose metabolism in obese models, as well as cardioprotective effects. In this review, we will discuss some aspects of polyamine metabolism and transport, how diet can affect circulating and local polyamine levels, and how the modulation of either polyamine intake or polyamine production by gut microbiota can be used for potential therapeutic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Lambertos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga, University and Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Peñafiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Forte A, Balistreri CR, De Feo M, Della Corte A, Hellstrand P, Persson L, Nilsson BO. Polyamines and microbiota in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valve aortopathy. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 129:179-187. [PMID: 30825483 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines are small aliphatic cationic molecules synthesized via a highly regulated pathway and involved in general molecular and cellular phenomena. Both mammalian cells and microorganisms synthesize polyamines, and both sources may contribute to the presence of polyamines in the circulation. The dominant location for microorganisms within the body is the gut. Accordingly, the gut microbiota probably synthesizes most of the polyamines in the circulation in addition to those produced by the mammalian host cells. Polyamines are mandatory for cellular growth and proliferation. Established evidence suggests that the polyamine spermidine prolongs lifespan and improves cardiovascular health in animal models and humans through both local mechanisms, involving improved cardiomyocyte function, and systemic mechanisms, including increased NO bioavailability and reduced systemic inflammation. Higher levels of polyamines have been detected in non-dilated aorta of patients affected by bicuspid aortic valve congenital malformation, an aortopathy associated with an increased risk for thoracic ascending aorta aneurysm. In this review, we discuss metabolism of polyamines and their potential effects on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cell function in vascular pathology of the thoracic ascending aorta associated with bicuspid or tricuspid aortic valve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Forte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Rita Balistreri
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics (Bi.N.D.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marisa De Feo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Università degli Studi della Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Per Hellstrand
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt-Olof Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peng Y, Alexov E, Basu S. Structural Perspective on Revealing and Altering Molecular Functions of Genetic Variants Linked with Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030548. [PMID: 30696058 PMCID: PMC6386852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural information of biological macromolecules is crucial and necessary to deliver predictions about the effects of mutations-whether polymorphic or deleterious (i.e., disease causing), wherein, thermodynamic parameters, namely, folding and binding free energies potentially serve as effective biomarkers. It may be emphasized that the effect of a mutation depends on various factors, including the type of protein (globular, membrane or intrinsically disordered protein) and the structural context in which it occurs. Such information may positively aid drug-design. Furthermore, due to the intrinsic plasticity of proteins, even mutations involving radical change of the structural and physico⁻chemical properties of the amino acids (native vs. mutant) can still have minimal effects on protein thermodynamics. However, if a mutation causes significant perturbation by either folding or binding free energies, it is quite likely to be deleterious. Mitigating such effects is a promising alternative to the traditional approaches of designing inhibitors. This can be done by structure-based in silico screening of small molecules for which binding to the dysfunctional protein restores its wild type thermodynamics. In this review we emphasize the effects of mutations on two important biophysical properties, stability and binding affinity, and how structures can be used for structure-based drug design to mitigate the effects of disease-causing variants on the above biophysical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Peng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Emil Alexov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| | - Sankar Basu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rocha RO, Wilson RA. Essential, deadly, enigmatic: Polyamine metabolism and roles in fungal cells. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
48
|
Tao Y, Wang J, Miao J, Chen J, Wu S, Zhu J, Zhang D, Gu H, Cui H, Shi S, Xu M, Yao Y, Gong Z, Yang Z, Gu M, Zhou Y, Liang G. The Spermine Synthase OsSPMS1 Regulates Seed Germination, Grain Size, and Yield. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:1522-1536. [PMID: 30190417 PMCID: PMC6288755 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, play essential roles in a wide variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Rice (Oryza sativa) contains four putative spermidine/spermine synthase (SPMS)-encoding genes (OsSPMS1, OsSPMS2, OsSPMS3, and OsACAULIS5), but none have been functionally characterized. In this study, we used a reverse genetic strategy to investigate the biological function of OsSPMS1 We generated several homozygous RNA interference (RNAi) and overexpression (OE) lines of OsSPMS1 Phenotypic analysis indicated that OsSPMS1 negatively regulates seed germination, grain size, and grain yield per plant. The ratio of spermine to spermidine was significantly lower in the RNAi lines and considerably higher in the OE lines than in the wild type, suggesting that OsSPMS1 may function as a SPMS. S-Adenosyl-l-methionine is a common precursor of polyamines and ethylene biosynthesis. The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene contents in seeds increased significantly in RNAi lines and decreased in OE lines, respectively, compared with the wild type. Additionally, the reduced germination rates and growth defects of OE lines could be rescued with ACC treatment. These data suggest that OsSPMS1 affects ethylene synthesis and may regulate seed germination and plant growth by affecting the ACC and ethylene pathways. Most importantly, an OsSPMS1 knockout mutant showed an increase in grain yield per plant in a high-yield variety, Suken118, suggesting that OsSPMS1 is an important target for yield enhancement in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shujun Wu
- Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jinyan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dongping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Houwen Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Huan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shuangyue Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Mingyue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Youli Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiyun Gong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zefeng Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Minghong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guohua Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li B, Maezato Y, Kim SH, Kurihara S, Liang J, Michael AJ. Polyamine-independent growth and biofilm formation, and functional spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferases in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Mol Microbiol 2018; 111:159-175. [PMID: 30281855 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines such as spermidine and spermine are primordial polycations that are ubiquitously present in the three domains of life. We have found that Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis have lost either all or most polyamine biosynthetic genes, respectively, and are devoid of any polyamine when grown in polyamine-free media. In contrast to bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter jejuni and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which absolutely require polyamines for growth, S. aureus and E. faecalis grow normally over multiple subcultures in the absence of polyamines. Furthermore, S. aureus and E. faecalis form biofilms normally without polyamines, and exogenous polyamines do not stimulate growth or biofilm formation. High levels of external polyamines, including norspermidine, eventually inhibit biofilm formation through inhibition of planktonic growth. We show that spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferase (SSAT) homologues encoded by S. aureus USA300 and E. faecalis acetylate spermidine, spermine and norspermidine, that spermine is the more preferred substrate, and that E. faecalis SSAT is almost as efficient as human SSAT with spermine as substrate. The polyamine auxotrophy, polyamine-independent growth and biofilm formation, and presence of functional polyamine N-acetyltransferases in S. aureus and E. faecalis represent a new paradigm for bacterial polyamine biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yukari Maezato
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sok Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shin Kurihara
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jue Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony J Michael
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Pegg AE. Introduction to the Thematic Minireview Series: Sixty plus years of polyamine research. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:18681-18692. [PMID: 30377254 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.tm118.006291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines have a long history in biochemistry and physiology, dating back to 1678 when Leeuwenhoek first reported crystals that were composed of spermine phosphate in seminal fluid. Their quantification and biosynthetic pathway were first described by Herb and Celia Tabor in collaboration with Sanford Rosenthal in the late 1950s. This work led to immense interest in their physiological functions. The 11 Minireviews in this collection illustrate many of the wide-ranging biochemical effects of the polyamines. This series provides a fitting tribute to Herb Tabor on the occasion of his 100th birthday, demonstrating clearly the importance and growth of the research field that he pioneered in the late 1950s and has contributed to for many years. His studies of the synthesis, function, and toxicity of polyamines have yielded multiple insights into fundamental biochemical processes and formed the basis of successful and continuing drug development. This Minireview series reviews the highly diverse properties of polyamines in bacteria, protozoa, and mammals, highlighting the importance of these molecules in growth, development, and response to the environment, and their involvement in diseases, including cancer, and those caused by parasitic protozoans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony E Pegg
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology and of Pharmacology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033
| |
Collapse
|