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Tokoro Y, Nagae M, Nakano M, Harduin-Lepers A, Kizuka Y. LacdiNAc synthase B4GALNT3 has a unique PA14 domain and suppresses N-glycan capping. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107450. [PMID: 38844136 PMCID: PMC11254600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural variation of N-glycans is essential for the regulation of glycoprotein functions. GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAc (LacdiNAc or LDN), a unique subterminal glycan structure synthesized by B4GALNT3 or B4GALNT4, is involved in the clearance of N-glycoproteins from the blood and maintenance of cell stemness. Such regulation of glycoprotein functions by LDN is largely different from that by the dominant subterminal structure, N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-4GlcNAc, LacNAc). However, the mechanisms by which B4GALNT activity is regulated and how LDN plays different roles from LacNAc remain unclear. Here, we found that B4GALNT3 and four have unique domain organization containing a noncatalytic PA14 domain, which is a putative glycan-binding module. A mutant lacking this domain dramatically decreases the activity toward various substrates, such as N-glycan, O-GalNAc glycan, and glycoproteins, indicating that this domain is essential for enzyme activity and forms part of the catalytic region. In addition, to clarify the mechanism underlying the functional differences between LDN and LacNAc, we examined the effects of LDN on the maturation of N-glycans, focusing on the related glycosyltransferases upstream and downstream of B4GALNT. We revealed that, unlike LacNAc synthesis, prior formation of bisecting GlcNAc in N-glycan almost completely inhibits LDN synthesis by B4GALNT3. Moreover, the presence of LDN negatively impacted the actions of many glycosyltransferases for terminal modifications, including sialylation, fucosylation, and human natural killer-1 synthesis. These findings demonstrate that LDN has significant impacts on N-glycan maturation in a completely different way from LacNAc, which could contribute to obtaining a comprehensive overview of the system regulating complex N-glycan biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tokoro
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masamichi Nagae
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Anne Harduin-Lepers
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 -UGSF- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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2
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da Silva NS, Lombardi J, Kirchhoff F, Ferreira RS, Barraviera B, de Oliveira ALR, Cartarozzi LP. Effects of local and systemic treatment with human natural killer-1 mimetic peptide (HNK-1) after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation in mice. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2024; 30:e20230065. [PMID: 38770186 PMCID: PMC11105159 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal ventral root injuries generate significant motoneuron degeneration, which hinders full functional recovery. The poor prognosis of functional recovery can be attributed to the use or combination of different therapeutic approaches. Several molecules have been screened as potential treatments in combination with surgical reimplantation of the avulsed roots, the gold standard approach for such injuries. Among the studied molecules, human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) stands out as it is related to the stimulation of motor axon outgrowth. Therefore, we aimed to comparatively investigate the effects of local administration of an HNK-1 mimetic peptide (mp-HNK-1) and systemic treatment with ursolic acid (UA), another HNK-1 mimetic, after ventral root avulsion and reimplantation with heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB). Methods Female mice of the isogenic strain C57BL/6JUnib were divided into five experimental groups: Avulsion, Reimplantation, mp-HNK-1 (in situ), and UA (systemic treatment). Mice were evaluated 2 and 12 weeks after surgery. Functional assessment was performed every four days using the Catwalk platform. Neuronal survival was analyzed by cytochemistry, and glial reactions and synaptic coverage were evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Treatment with UA elicited long-term neuroprotection, accompanied by a decrease in microglial reactions, and reactive astrogliosis. The neuroprotective effects of UA were preceded by increased glutamatergic and GABAergic inputs in the ventral spinal cord two weeks after injury. However, a single application of mp-HNK-1 had no significant effects. Functional analysis showed that UA treatment led to an improvement in motor and sensory recovery. Conclusion Overall, the results indicate that UA is neuroprotective, acting on glial cells and synaptic maintenance, and the combination of these findings led to a better functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scanavachia da Silva
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julia Lombardi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Molecular Physiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
- Center for Gender-specific Biology and Medicine (CGBM), University of Saarland, Homburg, Germany
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Leite Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Politti Cartarozzi
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Laboratory of Nerve Regeneration, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Nagai K, Muto Y, Miura S, Takahashi K, Naruse Y, Hiruta R, Hashimoto Y, Uzuki M, Haga Y, Fujii R, Ueda K, Kawaguchi Y, Fujii M, Kitazume S. Brain-specific glycosylation enzyme GnT-IX maintains levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRZ, thereby mediating glioma growth. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105128. [PMID: 37543361 PMCID: PMC10480537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in imaging technologies, neurosurgical techniques, and radiotherapy, a cure for high-grade glioma remains elusive. Several groups have reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is highly expressed in glioblastoma, and that targeting PTPRZ attenuates tumor growth in mice. PTPRZ is modified with diverse glycan, including the PTPRZ-unique human natural killer-1 capped O-mannosyl core M2 glycans. However, the regulation and function of these unique glycans are unclear. Using CRISPR genome-editing technology, we first demonstrated that disruption of the PTPRZ gene in human glioma LN-229 cells resulted in profoundly reduced tumor growth in xenografted mice, confirming the potential of PTPRZ as a therapeutic target for glioma. Furthermore, multiple glycan analyses revealed that PTPRZ derived from glioma patients and from xenografted glioma expressed abundant levels of human natural killer-1-capped O-Man glycans via extrinsic signals. Finally, since deficiency of O-Man core M2 branching enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IX (GnT-IX) was reported to reduce PTPRZ protein levels, we disrupted the GnT-IX gene in LN-229 cells and found a significant reduction of glioma growth both in vitro and in the xenograft model. These results suggest that the PTPR glycosylation enzyme GnT-IX may represent a promising therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yui Muto
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Miura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Naruse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Uzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Haga
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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Siew JJ, Chern Y, Khoo KH, Angata T. Roles of Siglecs in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101141. [PMID: 36089405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident myeloid cells in the central nervous system (CNS) with a unique developmental origin, playing essential roles in developing and maintaining the CNS environment. Recent studies have revealed the involvement of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, through the modulation of neuroinflammation. Several members of the Siglec family of sialic acid recognition proteins are expressed on microglia. Since the discovery of the genetic association between a polymorphism in the CD33 gene and late-onset Alzheimer's disease, significant efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the association between the polymorphism and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed additional potential associations between Siglecs and Alzheimer's disease, implying that the reduced signal from inhibitory Siglec may have an overall protective effect in lowering the disease risk. Evidences suggesting the involvement of Siglecs in other neurodegenerative diseases are also emerging. These findings could help us predict the roles of Siglecs in other neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about the functionally relevant Siglec ligands in the brain, which represents a new frontier. Understanding how microglial Siglecs and their ligands in CNS contribute to the regulation of CNS homeostasis and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases may provide us with a new avenue for disease prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing Siew
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Bhavanandan VP, Gowda DC. Introduction to the Complexity of Cell Surface and Tissue Matrix Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 29:1-39. [PMID: 36255670 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-12390-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of structures and functions of complex carbohydrates (commonly called glycans) that are covalently linked to proteins or lipids to form glycoconjugates known as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. To understand the complexity of the glycan structures, the nature of their monosaccharide building blocks, how the monomeric units are covalently linked to each other, and how the resulting glycans are attached to proteins or lipids are discussed. Then, the classification, nomenclature, structural features, and functions of the glycan moieties of animal glycoconjugates are briefly described. All three classes of glycoconjugates are constituents of plasma membranes of all animal cells, including those of the nervous system. Glycoproteins and proteoglycans are also found abundantly as constituents of tissue matrices. Additionally, glycan-rich mucin glycoproteins are the major constituents of mucus secretions of epithelia of various organs. Furthermore, the chapter draws attention to the incredible structural complexity and diversity of the glycan moieties of cell surface and extracellular glycoconjugates. Finally, the involvement of glycans as informational molecules in a wide range of essential functions in almost all known biological processes, which are crucial for development, differentiation, and normal functioning of animals, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veer P Bhavanandan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
- , Wellington, FL, USA.
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Shimizu K, Kotajima D, Fukao K, Mogi F, Horiuchi R, Kataoka C, Kagami Y, Fujita M, Miyanishi N, Kashiwada S. Exposure of silver nanocolloids causes glycosylation disorders and embryonic deformities in medaka. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 430:115714. [PMID: 34543669 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanomaterials such as silver nanocolloids (SNC) contribute to environmental pollution and have adverse ecological effects on aquatic organisms. In particular, chemical exposure of fish during embryogenesis leads to deformities and puts the population at risk. Although glycans and glycosylation are known to be important for proper morphology in embryogenesis, little glycobiology-based research has examined morphological disorders caused by environmental pollutants. This study addressed the glycobiological effects of SNC exposure on medaka embryogenesis. After exposure of medaka embryos to SNC, deformities such as small heads and deformed eyes were observed. The expression of five glycan-related genes (alg2, gnsb, b4galt2, b3gat1a, and b3gat2) was significantly altered, with changes depending on the embryonic stage at exposure, with more severe deformities with exposure at earlier stages. In situ hybridization analyses indicated that the five genes were expressed mainly in the head region; exposure of SNC suppressed alg2 and gnsb and enhanced b4galt2 and b3gat1a expression relative to controls on day 7. Loss (siRNA)- and gain (RNA overexpression)-of-function experiments confirmed that alg2, gnsb, and b4galt2 are essential for embryogenesis. The effects of SNC exposure on glycan synthesis were estimated by glycan structure analysis. In the medaka embryo, high mannose-type glycans were dominant, and SNC exposure altered glycan synthesis. The alteration was more significant when exposure occurred at an early stage of medaka embryogenesis. Thus, SNC exposure causes embryonic deformities in medaka embryos through disordered glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotajima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Kensuke Fukao
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Futaba Mogi
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Risa Horiuchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Chisato Kataoka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kagami
- Mizuki Biotech Co. Ltd, 1-1 Hyakunenkouen, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864, Japan
| | - Misato Fujita
- Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Nobumitsu Miyanishi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Graduate School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan
| | - Shosaku Kashiwada
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Research Center for Life and Environmental Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Gunma 374-0193, Japan.
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7
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Jarahian M, Marofi F, Maashi MS, Ghaebi M, Khezri A, Berger MR. Re-Expression of Poly/Oligo-Sialylated Adhesion Molecules on the Surface of Tumor Cells Disrupts Their Interaction with Immune-Effector Cells and Contributes to Pathophysiological Immune Escape. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5203. [PMID: 34680351 PMCID: PMC8534074 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycans linked to surface proteins are the most complex biological macromolecules that play an active role in various cellular mechanisms. This diversity is the basis of cell-cell interaction and communication, cell growth, cell migration, as well as co-stimulatory or inhibitory signaling. Our review describes the importance of neuraminic acid and its derivatives as recognition elements, which are located at the outermost positions of carbohydrate chains linked to specific glycoproteins or glycolipids. Tumor cells, especially from solid tumors, mask themselves by re-expression of hypersialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), neuropilin-2 (NRP-2), or synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1 (SynCAM 1) in order to protect themselves against the cytotoxic attack of the also highly sialylated immune effector cells. More particularly, we focus on α-2,8-linked polysialic acid chains, which characterize carrier glycoproteins such as NCAM, NRP-2, or SynCam-1. This characteristic property correlates with an aggressive clinical phenotype and endows them with multiple roles in biological processes that underlie all steps of cancer progression, including regulation of cell-cell and/or cell-extracellular matrix interactions, as well as increased proliferation, migration, reduced apoptosis rate of tumor cells, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Specifically, re-expression of poly/oligo-sialylated adhesion molecules on the surface of tumor cells disrupts their interaction with immune-effector cells and contributes to pathophysiological immune escape. Further, sialylated glycoproteins induce immunoregulatory cytokines and growth factors through interactions with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins. We describe the processes, which modulate the interaction between sialylated carrier glycoproteins and their ligands, and illustrate that sialic acids could be targets of novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer and immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Jarahian
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Faroogh Marofi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665931, Iran;
| | - Marwah Suliman Maashi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Unit at King Fahad Medical Research Centre, Jeddah 11211, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahnaz Ghaebi
- Cancer Gene Therapy Research Center (CGRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 4513956184, Iran;
| | - Abdolrahman Khezri
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Hamar, Norway;
| | - Martin R. Berger
- German Cancer Research Center, Toxicology and Chemotherapy Unit Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
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8
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Kawade H, Morise J, Mishra SK, Tsujioka S, Oka S, Kizuka Y. Tissue-Specific Regulation of HNK-1 Biosynthesis by Bisecting GlcNAc. Molecules 2021; 26:5176. [PMID: 34500611 PMCID: PMC8434142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) is a sulfated glyco-epitope regulating cell adhesion and synaptic functions. HNK-1 and its non-sulfated forms, which are specifically expressed in the brain and the kidney, respectively, are distinctly biosynthesized by two homologous glycosyltransferases: GlcAT-P in the brain and GlcAT-S in the kidney. However, it is largely unclear how the activity of these isozymes is regulated in vivo. We recently found that bisecting GlcNAc, a branching sugar in N-glycan, suppresses both GlcAT-P activity and HNK-1 expression in the brain. Here, we observed that the expression of non-sulfated HNK-1 in the kidney is unexpectedly unaltered in mutant mice lacking bisecting GlcNAc. This suggests that the biosynthesis of HNK-1 in the brain and the kidney are differentially regulated by bisecting GlcNAc. Mechanistically, in vitro activity assays demonstrated that bisecting GlcNAc inhibits the activity of GlcAT-P but not that of GlcAT-S. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation showed that GlcAT-P binds poorly to bisected N-glycan substrates, whereas GlcAT-S binds similarly to bisected and non-bisected N-glycans. These findings revealed the difference of the highly homologous isozymes for HNK-1 synthesis, highlighting the novel mechanism of the tissue-specific regulation of HNK-1 synthesis by bisecting GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Kawade
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
| | - Jyoji Morise
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Sushil K. Mishra
- Glycoscience Center of Research Excellence, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Shuta Tsujioka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; (J.M.); (S.T.); (S.O.)
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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9
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Castillo G, Kleene R, Schachner M, Loers G, Torda AE. Proteins Binding to the Carbohydrate HNK-1: Common Origins? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158116. [PMID: 34360882 PMCID: PMC8347730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human natural killer (HNK-1) carbohydrate plays important roles during nervous system development, regeneration after trauma and synaptic plasticity. Four proteins have been identified as receptors for HNK-1: the laminin adhesion molecule, high-mobility group box 1 and 2 (also called amphoterin) and cadherin 2 (also called N-cadherin). Because of HNK-1′s importance, we asked whether additional receptors for HNK-1 exist and whether the four identified proteins share any similarity in their primary structures. A set of 40,000 sequences homologous to the known HNK-1 receptors was selected and used for large-scale sequence alignments and motif searches. Although there are conserved regions and highly conserved sites within each of these protein families, there was no sequence similarity or conserved sequence motifs found to be shared by all families. Since HNK-1 receptors have not been compared regarding binding constants and since it is not known whether the sulfated or non-sulfated part of HKN-1 represents the structurally crucial ligand, the receptors are more heterogeneous in primary structure than anticipated, possibly involving different receptor or ligand regions. We thus conclude that the primary protein structure may not be the sole determinant for a bona fide HNK-1 receptor, rendering receptor structure more complex than originally assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaston Castillo
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (G.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Ralf Kleene
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (G.C.); (R.K.)
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (G.C.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (A.E.T.); Tel.: +49-40741056292 (G.L.); +49-40428387331 (A.E.T.)
| | - Andrew E. Torda
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 43, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Correspondence: (G.L.); (A.E.T.); Tel.: +49-40741056292 (G.L.); +49-40428387331 (A.E.T.)
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10
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Zhang J, Xia K, Ahn M, Jha SC, Blanchett R, Crowley JJ, Szatkiewicz JP, Zou F, Zhu H, Styner M, Gilmore JH, Knickmeyer RC. Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Neonatal White Matter Microstructure. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:933-948. [PMID: 33009551 PMCID: PMC7786356 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of genetic influences on early white matter development could significantly advance our understanding of neurological and psychiatric conditions characterized by altered integrity of axonal pathways. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) phenotypes in 471 neonates. We used a hierarchical functional principal regression model (HFPRM) to perform joint analysis of 44 fiber bundles. HFPRM revealed a latent measure of white matter microstructure that explained approximately 50% of variation in our tractography-based measures and accounted for a large proportion of heritable variation in each individual bundle. An intronic SNP in PSMF1 on chromosome 20 exceeded the conventional GWAS threshold of 5 x 10-8 (p = 4.61 x 10-8). Additional loci nearing genome-wide significance were located near genes with known roles in axon growth and guidance, fasciculation, and myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Xia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Ahn
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - S C Jha
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Blanchett
- Genetics and Genome Sciences Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J J Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - F Zou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J H Gilmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R C Knickmeyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Kadirvelraj R, Yang JY, Kim HW, Sanders JH, Moremen KW, Wood ZA. Comparison of human poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine synthase structure with GT-A fold glycosyltransferases supports a modular assembly of catalytic subsites. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100110. [PMID: 33229435 PMCID: PMC7948508 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-N-acetyl-lactosamine (poly-LacNAc) structures are composed of repeating [-Galβ(1,4)-GlcNAcβ(1,3)-]n glycan extensions. They are found on both N- and O-glycoproteins and glycolipids and play an important role in development, immune function, and human disease. The majority of mammalian poly-LacNAc is synthesized by the alternating iterative action of β1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 (B3GNT2) and β1,4-galactosyltransferases. B3GNT2 is in the largest mammalian glycosyltransferase family, GT31, but little is known about the structure, substrate recognition, or catalysis by family members. Here we report the structures of human B3GNT2 in complex with UDP:Mg2+ and in complex with both UDP:Mg2+ and a glycan acceptor, lacto-N-neotetraose. The B3GNT2 structure conserves the GT-A fold and the DxD motif that coordinates a Mg2+ ion for binding the UDP-GlcNAc sugar donor. The acceptor complex shows interactions with only the terminal Galβ(1,4)-GlcNAcβ(1,3)- disaccharide unit, which likely explains the specificity for both N- and O-glycan acceptors. Modeling of the UDP-GlcNAc donor supports a direct displacement inverting catalytic mechanism. Comparative structural analysis indicates that nucleotide sugar donors for GT-A fold glycosyltransferases bind in similar positions and conformations without conserving interacting residues, even for enzymes that use the same donor substrate. In contrast, the B3GNT2 acceptor binding site is consistent with prior models suggesting that the evolution of acceptor specificity involves loops inserted into the stable GT-A fold. These observations support the hypothesis that GT-A fold glycosyltransferases employ coevolving donor, acceptor, and catalytic subsite modules as templates to achieve the complex diversity of glycan linkages in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Kadirvelraj
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Hyun W Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Justin H Sanders
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA; Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Zachary A Wood
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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12
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Pigoni M, Hsia H, Hartmann J, Rudan Njavro J, Shmueli MD, Müller SA, Güner G, Tüshaus J, Kuhn P, Kumar R, Gao P, Tran ML, Ramazanov B, Blank B, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Von Blume J, Mulle C, Gunnersen JM, Wuhrer M, Rammes G, Busche MA, Koeglsperger T, Lichtenthaler SF. Seizure protein 6 controls glycosylation and trafficking of kainate receptor subunits GluK2 and GluK3. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103457. [PMID: 32567721 PMCID: PMC7396870 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure protein 6 (SEZ6) is required for the development and maintenance of the nervous system, is a major substrate of the protease BACE1 and is linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and psychiatric disorders, but its molecular functions are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that SEZ6 controls glycosylation and cell surface localization of kainate receptors composed of GluK2/3 subunits. Loss of SEZ6 reduced surface levels of GluK2/3 in primary neurons and reduced kainate-evoked currents in CA1 pyramidal neurons in acute hippocampal slices. Mechanistically, loss of SEZ6 in vitro and in vivo prevented modification of GluK2/3 with the human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) glycan, a modulator of GluK2/3 function. SEZ6 interacted with GluK2 through its ectodomain and promoted post-endoplasmic reticulum transport of GluK2 in the secretory pathway in heterologous cells and primary neurons. Taken together, SEZ6 acts as a new trafficking factor for GluK2/3. This novel function may help to better understand the role of SEZ6 in neurologic and psychiatric diseases.
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13
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Sheikh MO, Venzke D, Anderson ME, Yoshida-Moriguchi T, Glushka JN, Nairn AV, Galizzi M, Moremen KW, Campbell KP, Wells L. HNK-1 sulfotransferase modulates α-dystroglycan glycosylation by 3-O-sulfation of glucuronic acid on matriglycan. Glycobiology 2020; 30:817-829. [PMID: 32149355 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in multiple genes required for proper O-mannosylation of α-dystroglycan are causal for congenital/limb-girdle muscular dystrophies and abnormal brain development in mammals. Previously, we and others further elucidated the functional O-mannose glycan structure that is terminated by matriglycan, [(-GlcA-β3-Xyl-α3-)n]. This repeating disaccharide serves as a receptor for proteins in the extracellular matrix. Here, we demonstrate in vitro that HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST/carbohydrate sulfotransferase) sulfates terminal glucuronyl residues of matriglycan at the 3-hydroxyl and prevents further matriglycan polymerization by the LARGE1 glycosyltransferase. While α-dystroglycan isolated from mouse heart and kidney is susceptible to exoglycosidase digestion of matriglycan, the functional, lower molecular weight α-dystroglycan detected in brain, where HNK-1ST expression is elevated, is resistant. Removal of the sulfate cap by a sulfatase facilitated dual-glycosidase digestion. Our data strongly support a tissue specific mechanism in which HNK-1ST regulates polymer length by competing with LARGE for the 3-position on the nonreducing GlcA of matriglycan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - David Venzke
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mary E Anderson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Takako Yoshida-Moriguchi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Alison V Nairn
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Melina Galizzi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Kevin P Campbell
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Neurology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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14
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Region-specific upregulation of HNK-1 glycan in the PRMT1-deficient brain. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2020; 1864:129509. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Nakano M, Mishra SK, Tokoro Y, Sato K, Nakajima K, Yamaguchi Y, Taniguchi N, Kizuka Y. Bisecting GlcNAc Is a General Suppressor of Terminal Modification of N-glycan. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:2044-2057. [PMID: 31375533 PMCID: PMC6773561 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins are decorated with complex glycans for protein functions. However, regulation mechanisms of complex glycan biosynthesis are largely unclear. Here we found that bisecting GlcNAc, a branching sugar residue in N-glycan, suppresses the biosynthesis of various types of terminal epitopes in N-glycans, including fucose, sialic acid and human natural killer-1. Expression of these epitopes in N-glycan was elevated in mice lacking the biosynthetic enzyme of bisecting GlcNAc, GnT-III, and was conversely suppressed by GnT-III overexpression in cells. Many glycosyltransferases for N-glycan terminals were revealed to prefer a nonbisected N-glycan as a substrate to its bisected counterpart, whereas no up-regulation of their mRNAs was found. This indicates that the elevated expression of the terminal N-glycan epitopes in GnT-III-deficient mice is attributed to the substrate specificity of the biosynthetic enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations further confirmed that nonbisected glycans were preferentially accepted by those glycosyltransferases. These findings unveil a new regulation mechanism of protein N-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Sushil K Mishra
- Glycoscience Group, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yuko Tokoro
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Keiko Sato
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakajima
- Division of Clinical Research Promotion and Support, Center for Research Promotion, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Structural Glycobiology Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuoku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences (G-CHAIN), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; Disease Glycomics Team, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center, Global Research Cluster, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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16
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Site-specific HNK-1 epitope on alternatively spliced fibronectin type-III repeats in tenascin-C promotes neurite outgrowth of hippocampal neurons through contactin-1. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210193. [PMID: 30629639 PMCID: PMC6328190 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate epitope, composed of a unique sulfated trisaccharide (HSO3–3GlcAβ1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc-R), is highly expressed during brain development and regulates higher brain function. However, it remains unclear which glycoprotein carries the HNK-1 epitope in the embryonic brain and the functional role it plays. Here, we showed that one of the major HNK-1 carrier proteins in the embryonic brain is tenascin-C (TNC), an extracellular matrix protein that regulates neurite outgrowth by interacting with the GPI-anchored protein contactin-1 (CNTN). Because the alternatively spliced fibronectin type-III (FNIII) repeats in TNC give rise to many isoforms and affect neuronal function, we evaluated neurite outgrowth of primary hippocampal neurons on purified recombinant FNIII repeats with or without the HNK-1 epitope as a substrate. We found that the presence of the HNK-1 epitope on the C domain of TNC promoted neurite outgrowth, and that this signal was mediated by CNTN, which is an HNK-1-expressing neuronal receptor. The neurite-promoting activity of the HNK-1 epitope on TNC required neuronal HNK-1 expression, which was defective in neurons lacking the glucuronyltransferases GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S. These results suggest that the HNK-1 epitope is a key modifier of TNC and CNTN in the regulation of embryonic brain development.
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17
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Sobrino V, Annese V, Pardal R. Progenitor Cell Heterogeneity in the Adult Carotid Body Germinal Niche. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1123:19-38. [PMID: 31016593 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11096-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Somatic stem cells confer plasticity to adult tissues, permitting their maintenance, repair and adaptation to a changing environment. Adult germinal niches supporting somatic stem cells have been thoroughly characterized throughout the organism, including in central and peripheral nervous systems. Stem cells do not reside alone within their niches, but they are rather accompanied by multiple progenitor cells that not only contribute to the progression of stem cell lineage but also regulate their behavior. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these interactions within the niche is crucial to comprehend associated pathologies and to use stem cells in cell therapy. We have described a stunning germinal niche in the adult peripheral nervous system: the carotid body. This is a chemoreceptor organ with a crucial function during physiological adaptation to hypoxia. We have shown the presence of multipotent stem cells within this niche, escorted by multiple restricted progenitor cell types that contribute to niche physiology and hence organismal adaptation to the lack of oxygen. Herein, we discuss new and existing data about the nature of all these stem and progenitor cell types present in the carotid body germinal niche, discussing their role in physiology and their clinical relevance for the treatment of diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sobrino
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardal
- Dpto. de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.
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18
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Sahu S, Li R, Kadeyala PK, Liu S, Schachner M. The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) glycan mimetic ursolic acid promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury in mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:219-228. [PMID: 29567576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) cell antigen is a glycan epitope involved in several neural events, such as neuritogenesis, myelination, synaptic plasticity and regeneration of the nervous system after injury. We have recently identified the small organic compound ursolic acid (UA) as a HNK-1 mimetic with the aim to test its therapeutic potential in the central nervous system. UA, a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid, is well known for its multiple biological functions, including neuroprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, we evaluated its functions in a mouse model of spinal cord injury (SCI) and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying its positive effects. Oral administration of UA to mice 1 h after SCI and thereafter once daily for 6 weeks enhanced the regaining of motor functions and axonal regrowth, and decreased astrogliosis. UA administration decreased levels of proinflammatory markers, including interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the injured spinal cord at the acute phase of inflammation and activated the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in the injured spinal cord. Taken together, these results suggest that UA may be a candidate for treatment of nervous system injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sahu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Praveen Kumar Kadeyala
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shisong Liu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08554, USA.
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19
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McDonald AJ, Hamilton PG, Barnstable CJ. Perineuronal nets labeled by monoclonal antibody VC1.1 ensheath interneurons expressing parvalbumin and calbindin in the rat amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1133-1148. [PMID: 29094304 PMCID: PMC5871560 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized condensations of extracellular matrix that ensheath particular neuronal subpopulations in the brain and spinal cord. PNNs regulate synaptic plasticity, including the encoding of fear memories by the amygdala. The present immunohistochemical investigation studied PNN structure and distribution, as well as the neurochemistry of their ensheathed neurons, in the rat amygdala using monoclonal antibody VC1.1, which recognizes a glucuronic acid 3-sulfate glycan associated with PNNs in the cerebral cortex. VC1.1+ PNNs surrounded the cell bodies and dendrites of a subset of nonpyramidal neurons in cortex-like portions of the amygdala (basolateral amygdalar complex, cortical nuclei, nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract, and amygdalohippocampal region). There was also significant neuropilar VC1.1 immunoreactivity, whose density varied in different amygdalar nuclei. Cell counts in the basolateral nucleus revealed that virtually all neurons ensheathed by VC1.1+ PNNs were parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons, and these VC1.1+/PV+ cells constituted 60% of all PV+ interneurons, including all of the larger PV+ neurons. Approximately 70% of VC1.1+ neurons were calbindin-positive (CB+), and these VC1.1+/CB+ cells constituted about 40% of all CB+ neurons. Colocalization of VC1.1 with Vicia villosa agglutinin (VVA) binding, which stains terminal N-acetylgalactosamines, revealed that VC1.1+ PNNs were largely a subset of VVA+ PNNs. This investigation provides baseline data regarding PNNs in the rat which should be useful for future studies of their function in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J McDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA.
| | - Patricia G Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Colin J Barnstable
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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20
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Everest-Dass AV, Moh ESX, Ashwood C, Shathili AMM, Packer NH. Human disease glycomics: technology advances enabling protein glycosylation analysis - part 2. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018. [PMID: 29521143 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1448710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The changes in glycan structures have been attributed to disease states for several decades. The surface glycosylation pattern is a signature of physiological state of a cell. In this review we provide a link between observed substructural glycan changes and a range of diseases. Areas covered: We highlight biologically relevant glycan substructure expression in cancer, inflammation, neuronal diseases and diabetes. Furthermore, the alterations in antibody glycosylation in a disease context are described. Expert commentary: Advances in technologies, as described in Part 1 of this review have now enabled the characterization of specific glycan structural markers of a range of disease states. The requirement of including glycomics in cross-disciplinary omics studies, such as genomics, proteomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics towards a systems glycobiology approach to understanding disease mechanisms and management are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun V Everest-Dass
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Christopher Ashwood
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Abdulrahman M M Shathili
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- a Faculty of Science and Engineering, Biomolecular Discovery and Design Research Centre , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,b ARC Centre for Nanoscale BioPhotonics , Macquarie University , Sydney , Australia.,c Institute for Glycomics , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
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21
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Sobrino V, González-Rodríguez P, Annese V, López-Barneo J, Pardal R. Fast neurogenesis from carotid body quiescent neuroblasts accelerates adaptation to hypoxia. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744598. [PMID: 29335248 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike other neural peripheral organs, the adult carotid body (CB) has a remarkable structural plasticity, as it grows during acclimatization to hypoxia. The CB contains neural stem cells that can differentiate into oxygen-sensitive glomus cells. However, an extended view is that, unlike other catecholaminergic cells of the same lineage (sympathetic neurons or chromaffin cells), glomus cells can divide and thus contribute to CB hypertrophy. Here, we show that O2-sensitive mature glomus cells are post-mitotic. However, we describe an unexpected population of pre-differentiated, immature neuroblasts that express catecholaminergic markers and contain voltage-dependent ion channels, but are unresponsive to hypoxia. Neuroblasts are quiescent in normoxic conditions, but rapidly proliferate and differentiate into mature glomus cells during hypoxia. This unprecedented "fast neurogenesis" is stimulated by ATP and acetylcholine released from mature glomus cells. CB neuroblasts, which may have evolved to facilitate acclimatization to hypoxia, could contribute to the CB oversensitivity observed in highly prevalent human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sobrino
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Valentina Annese
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain .,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain
| | - Ricardo Pardal
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain .,Departamento de Fisiología Médica y Biofísica, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
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22
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Morise J, Takematsu H, Oka S. The role of human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate in neuronal plasticity and disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2455-2461. [PMID: 28709864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, a unique trisaccharide possessing sulfated glucuronic acid in a non-reducing terminus (HSO3-3GlcAß1-3Galß1-4GlcNAc-), is highly expressed in the nervous system and its spatiotemporal expression is strictly regulated. Mice deficient in the gene encoding a key enzyme, GlcAT-P, of the HNK-1 biosynthetic pathway exhibit almost complete disappearance of the HNK-1 epitope in the brain, significant reduction of long-term potentiation, and aberration of spatial learning and memory formation. In addition to its physiological roles in higher brain function, the HNK-1 carbohydrate has attracted considerable attention as an autoantigen associated with peripheral demyelinative neuropathy, which relates to IgM paraproteinemia, because of high immunogenicity. It has been suggested, however, that serum autoantibodies in IgM anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) antibody-associated neuropathy patients show heterogeneous reactivity to the HNK-1 epitope. SCOPE OF REVIEW We have found that structurally distinct HNK-1 epitopes are expressed in specific proteins in the nervous system. Here, we overview the current knowledge of the involvement of these HNK-1 epitopes in the regulation of neural plasticity and discuss the impact of different HNK-1 antigens of anti-MAG neuropathy patients. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS We identified the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid-type glutamate receptor subunit GluA2 and aggrecan as HNK-1 carrier proteins. The HNK-1 epitope on GluA2 and aggrecan regulates neural plasticity in different ways. Furthermore, we found the clinical relationship between reactivity of autoantibodies to the different HNK-1 epitopes and progression of anti-MAG neuropathy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The HNK-1 epitope is indispensable for the acquisition of normal neuronal function and can be a good target for the establishment of diagnostic criteria for anti-MAG neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji Morise
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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23
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Ma L, Shen HF, Shen YQ, Schachner M. The Adhesion Molecule-Characteristic HNK-1 Carbohydrate Contributes to Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 54:3253-3263. [PMID: 27086029 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9876-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The human natural killer cell antigen-1 (HNK-1) is functionally important in development, synaptic activity, and regeneration after injury in the nervous system of several mammalian species. It contains a sulfated glucuronic acid which is carried by neural adhesion molecules and expressed in nonmammalian species, including zebrafish, which, as opposed to mammals, spontaneously regenerate after injury in the adult. To evaluate HNK-1's role in recovery of function after spinal cord injury (SCI) of adult zebrafish, we assessed the effects of the two HNK-1 synthesizing enzymes, glucuronyl transferase and HNK-1 sulfotransferase. Expression of these two enzymes was increased at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level 11 days after injury in the brainstem nuclei that are capable of regrowth of severed axons, namely, the nucleus of medial longitudinal fascicle and intermediate reticular formation, but not at earlier time points after SCI. mRNA levels of glucuronyl transferase and sulfotransferase were increased in neurons, not only of these nuclei but also in the spinal cord caudal to the injury site at 11 days. Mauthner neurons which are not capable of regeneration did not show increased levels of enzyme mRNAs after injury. Reducing protein levels of the enzymes by application of anti-sense morpholinos resulted in reduction of locomotor recovery for glucuronyl transferase, but not for HNK-1 sulfotransferase. The combined results indicate that HNK-1 is upregulated in expression only in those neurons that are intrinsically capable of regeneration and contributes to regeneration after spinal cord injury in adult zebrafish in the absence of its sulfate moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Hui-Fan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Qin Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Jiangnan University Medical School, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, P.R. China.
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24
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Reactivity of anti-HNK-1 antibodies to branched O- mannose glycans associated with demyelination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:450-456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Yoshimura T, Hayashi A, Handa-Narumi M, Yagi H, Ohno N, Koike T, Yamaguchi Y, Uchimura K, Kadomatsu K, Sedzik J, Kitamura K, Kato K, Trapp BD, Baba H, Ikenaka K. GlcNAc6ST-1 regulates sulfation of N-glycans and myelination in the peripheral nervous system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42257. [PMID: 28186137 PMCID: PMC5301494 DOI: 10.1038/srep42257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly specialized glial cells wrap axons with a multilayered myelin membrane in vertebrates. Myelin serves essential roles in the functioning of the nervous system. Axonal degeneration is the major cause of permanent neurological disability in primary myelin diseases. Many glycoproteins have been identified in myelin, and a lack of one myelin glycoprotein results in abnormal myelin structures in many cases. However, the roles of glycans on myelin glycoproteins remain poorly understood. Here, we report that sulfated N-glycans are involved in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelination. PNS myelin glycoproteins contain highly abundant sulfated N-glycans. Major sulfated N-glycans were identified in both porcine and mouse PNS myelin, demonstrating that the 6-O-sulfation of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc-6-O-sulfation) is highly conserved in PNS myelin between these species. P0 protein, the most abundant glycoprotein in PNS myelin and mutations in which at the glycosylation site cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, has abundant GlcNAc-6-O-sulfated N-glycans. Mice deficient in N-acetylglucosamine-6-O-sulfotransferase-1 (GlcNAc6ST-1) failed to synthesize sulfated N-glycans and exhibited abnormal myelination and axonal degeneration in the PNS. Taken together, this study demonstrates that GlcNAc6ST-1 modulates PNS myelination and myelinated axonal survival through the GlcNAc-6-O-sulfation of N-glycans on glycoproteins. These findings may provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yoshimura
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Akiko Hayashi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Mai Handa-Narumi
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Department of Structural Biology and Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Takako Koike
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8550, Japan
| | - Jan Sedzik
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Protein Crystallization Facility, Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, Stockholm 10044, Sweden
| | - Kunio Kitamura
- Faculty of Health and Medical Care, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Department of Structural Biology and Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science and Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
| | - Bruce D. Trapp
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Hiroko Baba
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ikenaka
- Division of Neurobiology and Bioinformatics, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
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26
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Kizuka Y. Expression of Neural Glycans and Their Role in Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1613.2j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Kizuka Y. Expression of Neural Glycans and Their Role in Disease. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2017. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1613.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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28
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Armangué T, Sabater L, Torres-Vega E, Martínez-Hernández E, Ariño H, Petit-Pedrol M, Planagumà J, Bataller L, Dalmau J, Graus F. Clinical and Immunological Features of Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome in the Era of Neuronal Cell Surface Antibodies. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:417-24. [PMID: 26856612 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2015.4607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Most studies on opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) in adults are based on small case series before the era of neuronal cell surface antibody discovery. OBJECTIVE To report the clinical and immunological features of idiopathic OMS (I-OMS) and paraneoplastic OMS (P-OMS), the occurrence of antibodies to cell surface antigens, and the discovery of a novel cell surface epitope. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Retrospective cohort study and laboratory investigations of 114 adult patients with OMS at a center for autoimmune neurological disorders done between January 2013 and September 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Review of clinical records. Immunohistochemistry on rat brain and cultured neurons as well as cell-based assays were used to identify known autoantibodies. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to characterize novel antigens. RESULTS Of the 114 patients (62 [54%] female; median age, 45 years; interquartile range, 32-60 years), 45 (39%) had P-OMS and 69 (61%) had I-OMS. In patients with P-OMS, the associated tumors included lung cancer (n = 19), breast cancer (n = 10), other cancers (n = 5), and ovarian teratoma (n = 8); 3 additional patients without detectable cancer were considered to have P-OMS because they had positive results for onconeuronal antibodies. Patients with I-OMS, compared with those who had P-OMS, were younger (median age, 38 [interquartile range, 31-50] vs 54 [interquartile range, 45-65] years; P < .001), presented more often with prodromal symptoms or active infection (33% vs 13%; P = .02), less frequently had encephalopathy (10% vs 29%; P = .01), and had better outcome (defined by a modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2 at last visit; 84% vs 39%; P < .001) with fewer relapses (7% vs 24%; P= .04). Onconeuronal antibodies occurred in 13 patients (11%), mostly Ri/ANNA2 antibodies, which were detected in 7 of 10 patients (70%) with breast cancer. Neuronal surface antibodies were identified in 12 patients (11%), mainly glycine receptor antibodies (9 cases), which predominated in P-OMS with lung cancer (21% vs 5% in patients with OMS without lung cancer; P = .02); however, a similar frequency of glycine receptor antibodies was found in patients with lung cancer without OMS (13 of 65 patients [20%]). A novel cell surface epitope, human natural killer 1 (HNK-1), was the target of the antibodies in 3 patients with lung cancer and P-OMS. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Patients with I-OMS responded better to treatment and had fewer relapses than those with P-OMS. Older age and encephalopathy, significantly associated with P-OMS, are clinical clues suggesting an underlying tumor. Glycine receptor antibodies occur frequently in P-OMS with lung cancer, but the sensitivity and specificity are low. The HNK-1 epitope is a novel epitope in a subset of patients with P-OMS and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Armangué
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lidia Sabater
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eugenia Martínez-Hernández
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Ariño
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Petit-Pedrol
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Planagumà
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Bataller
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep Dalmau
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain3Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain4Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylva
| | - Francesc Graus
- Neuroimmunology Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain5Service of Neurology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
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29
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Kizuka Y, Nakano M, Miura Y, Taniguchi N. Epigenetic regulation of neuralN-glycomics. Proteomics 2016; 16:2854-2863. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiko Kizuka
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster; RIKEN; Wako Japan
| | - Miyako Nakano
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Yuki Miura
- Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter; Hiroshima University; Higashihiroshima Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Disease Glycomics Team, Systems Glycobiology Research Group, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Center for Systems Chemical Biology, Global Research Cluster; RIKEN; Wako Japan
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30
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Zhang R, Loers G, Schachner M, Boelens R, Wienk H, Siebert S, Eckert T, Kraan S, Rojas-Macias MA, Lütteke T, Galuska SP, Scheidig A, Petridis AK, Liang S, Billeter M, Schauer R, Steinmeyer J, Schröder JM, Siebert HC. Molecular Basis of the Receptor Interactions of Polysialic Acid (polySia), polySia Mimetics, and Sulfated Polysaccharides. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:990-1002. [PMID: 27136597 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysialic acid (polySia) and polySia glycomimetic molecules support nerve cell regeneration, differentiation, and neuronal plasticity. With a combination of biophysical and biochemical methods, as well as data mining and molecular modeling techniques, it is possible to correlate specific ligand-receptor interactions with biochemical processes and in vivo studies that focus on the potential therapeutic impact of polySia, polySia glycomimetics, and sulfated polysaccharides in neuronal diseases. With this strategy, the receptor interactions of polySia and polySia mimetics can be understood on a submolecular level. As the HNK-1 glycan also enhances neuronal functions, we tested whether similar sulfated oligo- and polysaccharides from seaweed could be suitable, in addition to polySia, for finding potential new routes into patient care focusing on an improved cure for various neuronal diseases. The knowledge obtained here on the structural interplay between polySia or sulfated polysaccharides and their receptors can be exploited to develop new drugs and application routes for the treatment of neurological diseases and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyan Zhang
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany
- Zoological Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Gabriele Loers
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, Falkenried 94, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, NMR Spectroscopy, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Wienk
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, NMR Spectroscopy, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Siebert
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Eckert
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 106, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Stefan Kraan
- Ocean Harvest Technology Ltd., N17 Business Park, Milltown, County Galway, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Rojas-Macias
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Thomas Lütteke
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 100, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Sebastian P Galuska
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Friedrichstr. 24, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Axel Scheidig
- Zoological Institute, Department of Structural Biology, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Athanasios K Petridis
- Neurosurgery Clinic, University Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40255, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Songping Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, 410081, Changsha, China
| | - Martin Billeter
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Box 100, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roland Schauer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jürgen Steinmeyer
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Paul-Meimberg-Str. 3, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Jens-Michael Schröder
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Siebert
- RI-B-NT: Research Institute of Bioinformatics and Nanotechnology, Franziusallee 177, 24148, Kiel, Germany.
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31
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Analysis of zwitterionic and anionic N-linked glycans from invertebrates and protists by mass spectrometry. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:273-83. [PMID: 26899268 PMCID: PMC4891362 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Glycomic analyses over the years have revealed that non-vertebrate eukaryotes express oligosaccharides with inorganic and zwitterionic modifications which are either occurring in different contexts as compared to, or are absent from, mammals. Examples of anionic N-glycans (carrying sulphate or phosphate) are known from amoebae, fungi, molluscs and insects, while zwitterionic modifications by phosphorylcholine, phosphoethanolamine and aminoethylphosphonate occur on N-, O- and lipid-linked glycans from trichomonads, annelids, fungi, molluscs, insects, cestodes and nematodes. For detection of zwitterionic and anionic glycans, mass spectrometry has been a key method, but their ionic character affects the preparation and purification; therefore, as part of a glycomic strategy, the possibility of their presence must be considered in advance. On the other hand, their ionisation and fragmentation in positive and negative ion mode mass spectrometry as well as specific chemical or enzymatic treatments can prove diagnostic to their analysis. In our laboratory, we combine solid-phase extraction, reversed and normal phase HPLC, MALDI-TOF MS, exoglycosidase digests and hydrofluoric acid treatment to reveal N-glycans modified with anionic and zwitterionic moieties in a wide range of organisms. It is to be anticipated that, as more species are glycomically analysed, zwitterionic and anionic modifications of N-glycans will prove rather widespread. This knowledge is - in the longer term - then the basis for understanding the function of this cornucopia of glycan modifications.
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32
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García-Ayllón MS, Botella-López A, Cuchillo-Ibañez I, Rábano A, Andreasen N, Blennow K, Ávila J, Sáez-Valero J. HNK-1 Carrier Glycoproteins Are Decreased in the Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:188-199. [PMID: 26738850 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9644-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The human natural killer-1 (HNK-1), 3-sulfonated glucuronic acid, is a glycoepitope marker of cell adhesion that participates in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions and in neurite growth. Very little is known about the regulation of the HNK-1 glycan in neurodegenerative disease, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we investigate changes in the levels of HNK-1 carrier glycoproteins in AD. We demonstrate an overall decrease in HNK-1 immunoreactivity in glycoproteins extracted from the frontal cortex of AD subjects, compared with levels from non-demented controls (NDC). Immunoblotting of ventricular post-mortem and lumbar ante-mortem cerebrospinal fluid with HNK-1 antibodies indicate similar levels of carrier glycoproteins in AD and NDC samples. Decrease in HNK-1 carrier glycoproteins were not paralleled by changes in messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the enzymes involved in the synthesis of the glycoepitope, β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β4GalT), glucuronyltransferases GlcAT-P and GlcAT-S, or sulfotransferase HNK-1ST. Over-expression of amyloid precursor protein in Tg2576 transgenic mice and in vitro treatment of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with the amyloidogenic Aβ42 peptide resulted in a decrease in HNK-1 immunoreactivity levels in brain and cellular extracts, whereas the levels of soluble HNK-1 glycoproteins detected in culture media were not affected by Aβ treatment. HNK-1 levels remain unaffected in the brain extracts of Tg-VLW mice, a model of mutant hyperphosphorylated tau, and in SH-SY5Y cells over-expressing hyperphosphorylated wild-type tau. These results provide evidence that cellular levels of HNK-1 carrier glycoforms are decreased in the brain of AD subjects, probably influenced by the β-amyloid protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Salud García-Ayllón
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Unidad de Investigación, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, FISABIO, Elche, Spain.
| | - Arancha Botella-López
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Cuchillo-Ibañez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Alberto Rábano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Banco de Tejidos de la Fundación CIEN, CIEN Foundation, Carlos III Institute of Health, Alzheimer Center Reina Sofia Foundation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Niels Andreasen
- Karolinska Institute-Alzheimer Disease Research center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jesús Ávila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", Universidad, Autónoma de Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sáez-Valero
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
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33
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Zhu X, Prasad S, Gaedicke S, Hettich M, Firat E, Niedermann G. Patient-derived glioblastoma stem cells are killed by CD133-specific CAR T cells but induce the T cell aging marker CD57. Oncotarget 2015; 6:171-84. [PMID: 25426558 PMCID: PMC4381586 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The AC133 epitope of CD133 is a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker for many tumor entities, including the highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We have developed an AC133-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and show that AC133-CAR T cells kill AC133+ GBM stem cells (GBM-SCs) both in vitro and in an orthotopic tumor model in vivo. Direct contact with patient-derived GBM-SCs caused rapid upregulation of CD57 on the CAR T cells, a molecule known to mark terminally or near-terminally differentiated T cells. However, other changes associated with terminal T cell differentiation could not be readily detected. CD57 is also expressed on tumor cells of neural crest origin and has been preferentially found on highly aggressive, undifferentiated, multipotent CSC-like cells. We found that CD57 was upregulated on activated T cells only upon contact with CD57+ patient-derived GBM-SCs, but not with conventional CD57-negative glioma lines. However, CD57 was not downregulated on the GBM-SCs upon their differentiation, indicating that this molecule is not a bona fide CSC marker for GBM. Differentiated GBM cells still induced CD57 on CAR T cells and other activated T cells. Therefore, CD57 can apparently be upregulated on activated human T cells by mere contact with CD57+ target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuekai Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Shruthi Prasad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Gaedicke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hettich
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elke Firat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Niedermann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Freiburg, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Takeuchi Y, Morise J, Morita I, Takematsu H, Oka S. Role of Site-Specific N-Glycans Expressed on GluA2 in the Regulation of Cell Surface Expression of AMPA-Type Glutamate Receptors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135644. [PMID: 26271046 PMCID: PMC4535760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR), which is a tetrameric complex composed of four subunits (GluA1-4) with several combinations, mediates the majority of rapid excitatory synaptic transmissions in the nervous system. Cell surface expression levels of AMPAR modulate synaptic plasticity, which is considered one of the molecular bases for learning and memory formation. To date, a unique trisaccharide (HSO3-3GlcAβ1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc), human natural killer-1 (HNK-1) carbohydrate, was found expressed specifically on N-linked glycans of GluA2 and regulated the cell surface expression of AMPAR and the spine maturation process. However, evidence that the HNK-1 epitope on N-glycans of GluA2 directly affects these phenomena is lacking. Moreover, it is thought that other N-glycans on GluA2 also have potential roles in the regulation of AMPAR functions. In the present study, using a series of mutants lacking potential N-glycosylation sites (N256, N370, N406, and N413) within GluA2, we demonstrated that the mutant lacking the N-glycan at N370 strongly suppressed the intracellular trafficking of GluA2 from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in HEK293 cells. Cell surface expression of GluA1, which is a major subunit of AMPAR in neurons, was also suppressed by co-expression of the GluA2 N370S mutant. The N370S mutant and wild-type GluA2 were co-immunoprecipitated with GluA1, suggesting that N370S was properly associated with GluA1. Moreover, we found that N413 was the main potential site of the HNK-1 epitope that promoted the interaction of GluA2 with N-cadherin, resulting in enhanced cell surface expression of GluA2. The HNK-1 epitope on N-glycan at the N413 of GluA2 was also involved in the cell surface expression of GluA1. Thus, our data suggested that site-specific N-glycans on GluA2 regulate the intracellular trafficking and cell surface expression of AMPAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takeuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jyoji Morise
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ippei Morita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shogo Oka
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Gu W, Fukuda T, Isaji T, Hang Q, Lee HH, Sakai S, Morise J, Mitoma J, Higashi H, Taniguchi N, Yawo H, Oka S, Gu J. Loss of α1,6-Fucosyltransferase Decreases Hippocampal Long Term Potentiation: IMPLICATIONS FOR CORE FUCOSYLATION IN THE REGULATION OF AMPA RECEPTOR HETEROMERIZATION AND CELLULAR SIGNALING. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:17566-75. [PMID: 25979332 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.579938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Core fucosylation is catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8), which transfers a fucose residue to the innermost GlcNAc residue via α1,6-linkage on N-glycans in mammals. We previously reported that Fut8-knock-out (Fut8(-/-)) mice showed a schizophrenia-like phenotype and a decrease in working memory. To understand the underlying molecular mechanism, we analyzed early form long term potentiation (E-LTP), which is closely related to learning and memory in the hippocampus. The scale of E-LTP induced by high frequency stimulation was significantly decreased in Fut8(-/-) mice. Tetraethylammonium-induced LTP showed no significant differences, suggesting that the decline in E-LTP was caused by postsynaptic events. Unexpectedly, the phosphorylation levels of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), an important mediator of learning and memory in postsynapses, were greatly increased in Fut8(-/-) mice. The expression levels of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate receptors (AMPARs) in the postsynaptic density were enhanced in Fut8(-/-) mice, although there were no significant differences in the total expression levels, implicating that AMPARs without core fucosylation might exist in an active state. The activation of AMPARs was further confirmed by Fura-2 calcium imaging using primary cultured neurons. Taken together, loss of core fucosylation on AMPARs enhanced their heteromerization, which increase sensitivity for postsynaptic depolarization and persistently activate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors as well as Ca(2+) influx and CaMKII and then impair LTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology and
| | | | - Tomoya Isaji
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology and
| | - Qinglei Hang
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology and
| | - Ho-hsun Lee
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology and
| | - Seiichiro Sakai
- the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577
| | - Jyoji Morise
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, and
| | - Junya Mitoma
- the Division of Glyco-Signal Research, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558
| | - Hideyoshi Higashi
- the Division of Glyco-Signal Research, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8558
| | | | - Hiromu Yawo
- the Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577
| | - Shogo Oka
- the Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, and
| | - Jianguo Gu
- From the Division of Regulatory Glycobiology and
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Rowlands D, Sugahara K, Kwok JCF. Glycosaminoglycans and glycomimetics in the central nervous system. Molecules 2015; 20:3527-48. [PMID: 25706756 PMCID: PMC6272379 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20033527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent advances in the construction of synthetic glycans, selective targeting of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a potential treatment for a wide range of diseases has become increasingly popular. The use of compounds that mimic the structure or bioactive function of carbohydrate structures has been termed glycomimetics. These compounds are mostly synthetic glycans or glycan-binding constructs which manipulate cellular interactions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are major components of the ECM and exist as a diverse array of differentially sulphated disaccharide units. In the central nervous system (CNS), they are expressed by both neurons and glia and are crucial for brain development and brain homeostasis. The inherent diversity of GAGs make them an essential biological tool for regulating a complex range of cellular processes such as plasticity, cell interactions and inflammation. They are also involved in the pathologies of various neurological disorders, such as glial scar formation and psychiatric illnesses. It is this diversity of functions and potential for selective interventions which makes GAGs a tempting target. In this review, we shall describe the molecular make-up of GAGs and their incorporation into the ECM of the CNS. We shall highlight the different glycomimetic strategies that are currently being used in the nervous system. Finally, we shall discuss some possible targets in neurological disorders that may be addressed using glycomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáire Rowlands
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics Research Group, Graduate School of Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Jessica C F Kwok
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK.
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Praissman JL, Wells L. Mammalian O-mannosylation pathway: glycan structures, enzymes, and protein substrates. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3066-78. [PMID: 24786756 PMCID: PMC4033628 DOI: 10.1021/bi500153y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
mammalian O-mannosylation pathway for protein post-translational
modification is intricately involved in modulating cell–matrix
interactions in the musculature and nervous system. Defects in enzymes
of this biosynthetic pathway are causative for multiple forms of congenital
muscular dystophy. The application of advanced genetic and biochemical
technologies has resulted in remarkable progress in this field over
the past few years, culminating with the publication of three landmark
papers in 2013 alone. In this review, we will highlight recent progress
focusing on the dramatic expansion of the set of genes known to be
involved in O-mannosylation and disease processes, the concurrent
acceleration of the rate of O-mannosylation pathway protein functional
assignments, the tremendous increase in the number of proteins now
known to be modified by O-mannosylation, and the recent progress in
protein O-mannose glycan quantification and site assignment. Also,
we attempt to highlight key outstanding questions raised by this abundance
of new information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy L Praissman
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Bhavanandan VP, Gowda DC. Introduction to the Complexity of Cell Surface and Tissue Matrix Glycoconjugates. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:1-31. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Morise J, Kizuka Y, Yabuno K, Tonoyama Y, Hashii N, Kawasaki N, Manya H, Miyagoe-Suzuki Y, Takeda S, Endo T, Maeda N, Takematsu H, Oka S. Structural and biochemical characterization of O-mannose-linked human natural killer-1 glycan expressed on phosphacan in developing mouse brains. Glycobiology 2013; 24:314-24. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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40
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Nakagawa N, Takematsu H, Oka S. HNK-1 sulfotransferase-dependent sulfation regulating laminin-binding glycans occurs in the post-phosphoryl moiety on α-dystroglycan. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1066-74. [PMID: 23723439 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG) is a cell surface glycoprotein that connects extracellular matrix molecules to the intracellular cytoskeleton, functioning as mechanical and signaling axes in various physiological events. Since the ligand-binding activity of DG strictly depends on O-mannosyl glycans attached to its extracellular α-DG subunit, aberrant glycosylation causes dystroglycanopathy, a subclass of congenital muscular dystrophy. Accumulating evidence shows that like-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (LARGE), a glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of a phosphodiester-linked modification on O-mannose, is essential for α-DG to gain the ligand-binding activity. We previously reported that human natural killer-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST), which was originally reported as one of the enzymes responsible for HNK-1 glycoepitope, had an ability to suppress the glycosylation and the function of α-DG. In this study, we investigated how HNK-1ST regulates the glycosylation of α-DG using deletion and mutation analyses. We generated an α-DG mutant which has only one threonine residue capable of being modified by LARGE. Focusing on the single post-phosphoryl modification site, we found that HNK-1ST showed an almost complete inhibition of the LARGE-dependent modification and transferred a sulfate group to the phosphodiester-linked moiety on O-mannose. Furthermore, using an in vitro enzymatic assay system, we demonstrated that the sulfated α-DG by HNK-1ST is no longer glycosylated by LARGE. These results illustrate one possible glycosylation pathway where α-DG function is regulated by opposing actions of HNK-1ST and LARGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakagawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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