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Xu X, Xu L, Wang J, Wen C, Xia J, Zhang Y, Liang Y. Bioinspired cellular membrane-derived vesicles for mRNA delivery. Theranostics 2024; 14:3246-3266. [PMID: 38855184 PMCID: PMC11155408 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of mRNA as vaccines and therapeutic agents in the biomedical field has sparked hope in the fight against untreatable diseases. Successful clinical application of mRNA therapeutics largely depends on the carriers. Recently, a new and exciting focus has emerged on natural cell-derived vesicles. These nanovesicles offer many functions, including enhanced drug delivery capabilities and immune evasion, thereby presenting a unique and promising platform for the effective and safe delivery of mRNA therapeutics. In this study, we summarize the characteristics and properties of biomimetic delivery systems for mRNA therapeutics. In particular, we discuss the unique features of cellular membrane-derived vesicles (CDVs) and the combination of synthetic nanovesicles with CDVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jingzhi Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Caining Wen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanmin Zhang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yujie Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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2
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Magg V, Manetto A, Kopp K, Wu CC, Naghizadeh M, Lindner D, Eke L, Welsch J, Kallenberger SM, Schott J, Haucke V, Locker N, Stoecklin G, Ruggieri A. Turnover of PPP1R15A mRNA encoding GADD34 controls responsiveness and adaptation to cellular stress. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114069. [PMID: 38602876 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a key cellular signaling pathway activated by environmental alterations that represses protein synthesis to restore homeostasis. To prevent sustained damage, the ISR is counteracted by the upregulation of growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 34 (GADD34), a stress-induced regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 that mediates translation reactivation and stress recovery. Here, we uncover a novel ISR regulatory mechanism that post-transcriptionally controls the stability of PPP1R15A mRNA encoding GADD34. We establish that the 3' untranslated region of PPP1R15A mRNA contains an active AU-rich element (ARE) recognized by proteins of the ZFP36 family, promoting its rapid decay under normal conditions and stabilization for efficient expression of GADD34 in response to stress. We identify the tight temporal control of PPP1R15A mRNA turnover as a component of the transient ISR memory, which sets the threshold for cellular responsiveness and mediates adaptation to repeated stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Magg
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Manetto
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Kopp
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chia Ching Wu
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mohsen Naghizadeh
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucy Eke
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Julia Welsch
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan M Kallenberger
- Digital Health Center, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité, 10178 Berlin, Germany; Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Haucke
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Freie Universität Berlin, Faculty of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; The Pirbright Institute, GU24 0NF Pirbright, UK
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Division of Biochemistry, Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alessia Ruggieri
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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3
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Lu F, Yao LP, Gao DD, Alinejad T, Jiang XQ, Wu Q, Zhai QC, Liu M, Zhu SM, Qian MX, Xu LF, Chen CS, Zhang F. MicroRNA-377-3p exacerbates chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through suppressing ZFP36L1 expression and inducing lung fibroblast senescence. Respir Res 2024; 25:67. [PMID: 38317146 PMCID: PMC10840170 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-024-02696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading aging related cause of global mortality. Small airway narrowing is recognized as an early and significant factor for COPD development. Senescent fibroblasts were observed to accumulate in lung of COPD patients and promote COPD progression through aberrant extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). On the basis of our previous study, we further investigated the the causes for the increased levels of miR-377-3p in the blood of COPD patients, as well as its regulatory function in the pathological progression of COPD. We found that the majority of up-regulated miR-377-3p was localized in lung fibroblasts. Inhibition of miR-377-3p improved chronic smoking-induced COPD in mice. Mechanistically, miR-377-3p promoted senescence of lung fibroblasts, while knockdown of miR-377-3p attenuated bleomycin-induced senescence in lung fibroblasts. We also identified ZFP36L1 as a direct target for miR-377-3p that likely mediated its pro senescence activity in lung fibroblasts. Our data reveal that miR-377-3p is crucial for COPD pathogenesis, and may serve as a potential target for COPD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Lu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Li-Peng Yao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Ningbo College of Health Sciences, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Dan-Dan Gao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Tahereh Alinejad
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Centre of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Xin-Qing Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University the 2 nd Clinical Medical College, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Qiao-Cheng Zhai
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Zhu
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
| | - Mao-Xiang Qian
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China
- Institute of Pediatrics, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li-Feng Xu
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China.
| | - Cheng-Shui Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Centre of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, 324000, China.
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4
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Sunshine HL, Cicchetto AC, Kaczor-Urbanowicz KE, Ma F, Pi D, Symons C, Turner M, Shukla V, Christofk HR, Vallim TA, Iruela-Arispe ML. Endothelial Jagged1 levels and distribution are post-transcriptionally controlled by ZFP36 decay proteins. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113627. [PMID: 38157296 PMCID: PMC10884959 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular morphogenesis requires a delicate gradient of Notch signaling controlled, in part, by the distribution of ligands (Dll4 and Jagged1). How Jagged1 (JAG1) expression is compartmentalized in the vascular plexus remains unclear. Here, we show that Jag1 mRNA is a direct target of zinc-finger protein 36 (ZFP36), an RNA-binding protein involved in mRNA decay that we find robustly induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Endothelial cells lacking ZFP36 display high levels of JAG1 and increase angiogenic sprouting in vitro. Furthermore, mice lacking Zfp36 in endothelial cells display mispatterned and increased levels of JAG1 in the developing retinal vascular plexus. Abnormal levels of JAG1 at the sprouting front alters NOTCH1 signaling, increasing the number of tip cells, a phenotype that is rescued by imposing haploinsufficiency of Jag1. Our findings reveal an important feedforward loop whereby VEGF stimulates ZFP36, consequently suppressing Jag1 to enable adequate levels of Notch signaling during sprouting angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Sunshine
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Andrew C Cicchetto
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz
- Center for Oral and Head/Neck Oncology Research, UCLA Biosystems & Function, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; UCLA Section of Orthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; UCLA Institute for Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Danielle Pi
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chloe Symons
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, CB22 3AT Cambridge, UK
| | - Vipul Shukla
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Human Immunobiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Heather R Christofk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - Thomas A Vallim
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA
| | - M Luisa Iruela-Arispe
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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5
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Park S, Dahn R, Kurt E, Presle A, VanDenHeuvel K, Moravec C, Jambhekar A, Olukoga O, Shepherd J, Echard A, Blower M, Skop AR. The mammalian midbody and midbody remnant are assembly sites for RNA and localized translation. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1917-1932.e6. [PMID: 37552987 PMCID: PMC10592306 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Long ignored as a vestigial remnant of cytokinesis, the mammalian midbody (MB) is released post-abscission inside large extracellular vesicles called MB remnants (MBRs). Recent evidence suggests that MBRs can modulate cell proliferation and cell fate decisions. Here, we demonstrate that the MB matrix is the site of ribonucleoprotein assembly and is enriched in mRNAs that encode proteins involved in cell fate, oncogenesis, and pluripotency, which we are calling the MB granule. Both MBs and post-abscission MBRs are sites of spatiotemporally regulated translation, which is initiated when nascent daughter cells re-enter G1 and continues after extracellular release. MKLP1 and ARC are necessary for the localization and translation of RNA in the MB dark zone, whereas ESCRT-III is necessary to maintain translation levels in the MB. Our work reveals a unique translation event that occurs during abscission and within a large extracellular vesicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Park
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Randall Dahn
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elif Kurt
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Adrien Presle
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège doctoral, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Kathryn VanDenHeuvel
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cara Moravec
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Olushola Olukoga
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jason Shepherd
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Arnaud Echard
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS UMR3691, Membrane Traffic and Cell Division Unit, 25-28 rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michael Blower
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ahna R Skop
- Laboratory of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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6
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Cassani M, Seydoux G. Specialized germline P-bodies are required to specify germ cell fate in Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Development 2022; 149:dev200920. [PMID: 36196602 PMCID: PMC9686995 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
In animals with germ plasm, specification of the germline involves 'germ granules', cytoplasmic condensates that enrich maternal transcripts in the germline founder cells. In Caenorhabditis elegans embryos, P granules enrich maternal transcripts, but surprisingly P granules are not essential for germ cell fate specification. Here, we describe a second condensate in the C. elegans germ plasm. Like canonical P-bodies found in somatic cells, 'germline P-bodies' contain regulators of mRNA decapping and deadenylation and, in addition, the intrinsically-disordered proteins MEG-1 and MEG-2 and the TIS11-family RNA-binding protein POS-1. Embryos lacking meg-1 and meg-2 do not stabilize P-body components, misregulate POS-1 targets, mis-specify the germline founder cell and do not develop a germline. Our findings suggest that specification of the germ line involves at least two distinct condensates that independently enrich and regulate maternal mRNAs in the germline founder cells. This article has an associated 'The people behind the papers' interview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Cassani
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Geraldine Seydoux
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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7
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Activation of the MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 Axis by Coronavirus Infection Restricts the Upregulation of AU-Rich Element-Containing Transcripts in Proinflammatory Responses. J Virol 2022; 96:e0208621. [PMID: 34985993 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus infections induce the expression of multiple proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. We have previously shown that in cells infected with gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8 were drastically upregulated, and the MAP kinase p38 and the integrated stress response pathways were implicated in this process. In this study, we report that coronavirus infection activates a negative regulatory loop that restricts the upregulation of a number of proinflammatory genes. As revealed by the initial transcriptomic and subsequent validation analyses, the anti-inflammatory adenine-uridine (AU)-rich element (ARE)-binding protein, zinc finger protein 36 (ZFP36), and its related family members were upregulated in cells infected with IBV and three other coronaviruses, alphacoronaviruses porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), and betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43, respectively. Characterization of the functional roles of ZFP36 during IBV infection demonstrated that ZFP36 promoted the degradation of transcripts coding for IL-6, IL-8, dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and TNF-α-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), through binding to AREs in these transcripts. Consistently, knockdown and inhibition of JNK and p38 kinase activities reduced the expression of ZFP36, as well as the expression of IL-6 and IL-8. On the contrary, overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 (MKK3) and MAPKAP kinase-2 (MK2), the upstream and downstream kinases of p38, respectively, increased the expression of ZFP36 and decreased the expression of IL-8. Taken together, this study reveals an important regulatory role of the MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 axis in coronavirus infection-induced proinflammatory response. IMPORTANCE Excessive and uncontrolled induction and release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, the so-called cytokine release syndrome (CRS), would cause life-threatening complications and multiple organ failure in severe coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and COVID-19. This study reveals that coronavirus infection also induces the expression of ZFP36, an anti-inflammatory ARE-binding protein, promoting the degradation of ARE-containing transcripts coding for IL-6 and IL-8 as well as a number of other proteins related to inflammatory response. Furthermore, the p38 MAP kinase, its upstream kinase MKK3 and downstream kinase MK2 were shown to play a regulatory role in upregulation of ZFP36 during coronavirus infection cycles. This MKK3-p38-MK2-ZFP36 axis would constitute a potential therapeutic target for severe coronavirus infections.
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8
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ZFP36 family members regulate the pro-inflammatory features of psoriatic dermal fibroblasts. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:402-413. [PMID: 34333017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts are strategically positioned underneath the basal epidermis layer to support keratinocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix production. In inflammatory conditions, these fibroblasts produce cytokines and chemokines that promote the chemoattraction of immune cells into the dermis and the hyperplasia of the epidermis, two characteristic hallmarks of Psoriasis (Pso). However, how dermal fibroblasts specifically contribute to Pso development remains largely uncharacterized. Here we investigated through which cytokines and signaling pathways dermal fibroblasts contribute to the inflammatory features of psoriatic skin. We show that dermal fibroblasts from lesional Pso skin are important producers of inflammatory mediators, including IL6, CXCL8 and CXCL2. This increased cytokine production was found to be regulated by ZFP36 family members ZFP36, ZFP36L1 and ZPF36L2, RNA-binding proteins with mRNA-degrading properties. Additionally, the expression of ZFP36 family proteins was found reduced in chronic inflammatory conditions that mimic psoriatic lesional skin. Collectively, these results indicate that dermal fibroblasts are important producers of cytokines in psoriatic skin, and that reduced expression of ZFP36 members in Pso dermal fibroblasts contributes to their inflammatory phenotype.
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9
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Rodríguez-Gómez G, Paredes-Villa A, Cervantes-Badillo MG, Gómez-Sonora JP, Jorge-Pérez JH, Cervantes-Roldán R, León-Del-Río A. Tristetraprolin: A cytosolic regulator of mRNA turnover moonlighting as transcriptional corepressor of gene expression. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 133:137-147. [PMID: 33795191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a nucleocytoplasmic 326 amino acid protein whose sequence is characterized by possessing two CCCH-type zinc finger domains. In the cytoplasm TTP function is to promote the degradation of mRNAs that contain adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (AREs). Mechanistically, TTP promotes the recruitment of poly(A)-specific deadenylases and exoribonucleases. By reducing the half-life of about 10% of all the transcripts in the cell TTP has been shown to participate in multiple cell processes that include regulation of gene expression, cell proliferation, metabolic homeostasis and control of inflammation and immune responses. However, beyond its role in mRNA decay, in the cell nucleus TTP acts as a transcriptional coregulator by interacting with chromatin modifying enzymes. TTP has been shown to repress the transactivation of NF-κB and estrogen receptor suggesting the possibility that it participates in the transcriptional regulation of hundreds of genes in human cells and its possible involvement in breast cancer progression. In this review, we discuss the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of TTP and the effect of the dysregulation of its protein levels in the development of human diseases. We suggest that TTP be classified as a moonlighting tumor supressor protein that regulates gene expression through two different mechanims; the decay of ARE-mRNAs and a transcriptional coregulatory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Paredes-Villa
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mayte Guadalupe Cervantes-Badillo
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jessica Paola Gómez-Sonora
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Jesús H Jorge-Pérez
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Rafael Cervantes-Roldán
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación en Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
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10
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Lin RJ, Huang CH, Liu PC, Lin IC, Huang YL, Chen AY, Chiu HP, Shih SR, Lin LH, Lien SP, Yen LC, Liao CL. Zinc finger protein ZFP36L1 inhibits influenza A virus through translational repression by targeting HA, M and NS RNA transcripts. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7371-7384. [PMID: 32556261 PMCID: PMC7367194 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ZFP36L1, a CCCH-type zinc finger protein, is an RNA-binding protein that participates in controlling cellular mRNA abundance and turnover by posttranscriptional regulation. Here, we demonstrated that ZFP36L1 has an important role in host defense against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Overexpression of ZFP36L1 reduced IAV replication via translational repression of HA, M and NS RNA segment transcripts. IAV infection upregulated cellular ZFP36L1 expression, and endogenous ZFP36L1 knockdown significantly enhanced IAV replication. ZFP36L1 directly binds to IAV NS1 mRNA in the cytoplasm and blocks the expression and function of NS1 protein. Mutation of CCCH-type zinc finger domains of ZFP36L1 lost its antiviral potential and NS1 mRNA binding. Thus, ZFP36L1 can act as a host innate defense by targeting HA, M and NS mRNA transcripts to suppress viral protein translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jye Lin
- Institutional affiliations: 1National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- National institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - An-Yu Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ping Chiu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsiung Lin
- Institutional affiliations: 1National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pei Lien
- National institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Len Liao
- Institutional affiliations: 1National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,National institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Perea-García A, Miró P, Jiménez-Lorenzo R, Martínez-Pastor MT, Puig S. Sequential recruitment of the mRNA decay machinery to the iron-regulated protein Cth2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194595. [PMID: 32565401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Post-transcriptional factors importantly contribute to the rapid and coordinated expression of the multiple genes required for the adaptation of living organisms to environmental stresses. In the model eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a conserved mRNA-binding protein, known as Cth2, modulates the metabolic response to iron deficiency. Cth2 is a tandem zinc-finger (TZF)-containing protein that co-transcriptionally binds to adenine/uracil-rich elements (ARE) present in the 3'-untranslated region of iron-related mRNAs to promote their turnover. The nuclear binding of Cth2 to mRNAs via its TZFs is indispensable for its export to the cytoplasm. Although Cth2 nucleocytoplasmic transport is essential for its regulatory function, little is known about the recruitment of the mRNA degradation machinery. Here, we investigate the sequential assembly of mRNA decay factors during Cth2 shuttling. By using an enzymatic in vivo proximity assay called M-track, we show that Cth2 associates to the RNA helicase Dhh1 and the deadenylase Pop2/Caf1 before binding to its target mRNAs. The recruitment of Dhh1 to Cth2 requires the integrity of the Ccr4-Pop2 deadenylase complex, whereas the interaction between Cth2 and Pop2 needs Ccr4 but not Dhh1. M-track assays also show that Cth2-binding to ARE-containing mRNAs is necessary for the interaction between Cth2 and the exonuclease Xrn1. The importance of these interactions is highlighted by the specific growth defect in iron-deficient conditions displayed by cells lacking Dhh1, Pop2, Ccr4 or Xrn1. These results exemplify the stepwise process of assembly of different mRNA decay factors onto an mRNA-binding protein during the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Pilar Miró
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain
| | | | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna (Valencia), Spain.
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12
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Posttranscriptional control of the replication stress response via TTP-mediated Claspin mRNA stabilization. Oncogene 2020; 39:3245-3257. [PMID: 32086441 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
ATR and CHK1 play key roles in the protection and recovery of the stalled replication forks. Claspin, an adaptor for CHK1 activation, is essential for DNA damage signaling and efficient replication fork progression. Here, we show that tristetraprolin (TTP), an mRNA-binding protein, can modulate the replication stress response via stabilization of Claspin mRNA. TTP depletion compromised specifically in the phosphorylation of CHK1, but not p53 or H2AX among other ATR substrates, and produced CHK1-defective replication phenotypes including accumulation of stalled replication forks. Importantly, the expression of siRNA-resistant TTP in TTP-deficient cells restored CHK1 phosphorylation and reduced the number of stalled replication forks as close to the control cells. Besides, we found that TTP was required for efficient replication fork progression even in the absence of exogenous DNA damage in a Claspin-dependent manner. Mechanistically, TTP was able to bind to the 3'-untranslated region of Claspin mRNA to increase the stability of Claspin mRNA which eventually contributed to the subsequent ATR-CHK1 activation upon DNA damage. Taken together, our results revealed an intimate link between TTP-dependent Claspin mRNA stability and ATR-CHK1-dependent replication fork stability to maintain replication fork integrity and chromosomal stability.
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13
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Mohibi S, Chen X, Zhang J. Cancer the'RBP'eutics-RNA-binding proteins as therapeutic targets for cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 203:107390. [PMID: 31302171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play a critical role in the regulation of various RNA processes, including splicing, cleavage and polyadenylation, transport, translation and degradation of coding RNAs, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs. Recent studies indicate that RBPs not only play an instrumental role in normal cellular processes but have also emerged as major players in the development and spread of cancer. Herein, we review the current knowledge about RNA binding proteins and their role in tumorigenesis as well as the potential to target RBPs for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakur Mohibi
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Xinbin Chen
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States
| | - Jin Zhang
- Comparative Oncology Laboratory, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of California at Davis, United States.
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14
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Targeting AU-rich element-mediated mRNA decay with a truncated active form of the zinc-finger protein TIS11b/BRF1 impairs major hallmarks of mammary tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2019; 38:5174-5190. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Legrand N, Dixon DA, Sobolewski C. AU-rich element-binding proteins in colorectal cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 11:71-90. [PMID: 30788036 PMCID: PMC6379757 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v11.i2.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trans-acting factors controlling mRNA fate are critical for the post-transcriptional regulation of inflammation-related genes, as well as for oncogene and tumor suppressor expression in human cancers. Among them, a group of RNA-binding proteins called “Adenylate-Uridylate-rich elements binding proteins” (AUBPs) control mRNA stability or translation through their binding to AU-rich elements enriched in the 3’UTRs of inflammation- and cancer-associated mRNA transcripts. AUBPs play a central role in the recruitment of target mRNAs into small cytoplasmic foci called Processing-bodies and stress granules (also known as P-body/SG). Alterations in the expression and activities of AUBPs and P-body/SG assembly have been observed to occur with colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, indicating the significant role AUBP-dependent post-transcriptional regulation plays in controlling gene expression during CRC tumorigenesis. Accordingly, these alterations contribute to the pathological expression of many early-response genes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis and inflammation, along with key oncogenic pathways. In this review, we summarize the current role of these proteins in CRC development. CRC remains a major cause of cancer mortality worldwide and, therefore, targeting these AUBPs to restore efficient post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression may represent an appealing therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Legrand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Dan A Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, and University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66045, United States
| | - Cyril Sobolewski
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
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16
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Liu LL, Liu L, Liu HH, Ren SS, Dou CY, Cheng PP, Wang CL, Wang LN, Chen XL, Zhang H, Chen MT. Levamisole suppresses adipogenesis of aplastic anaemia-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through ZFP36L1-PPARGC1B axis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4496-4506. [PMID: 29993187 PMCID: PMC6111807 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aplastic anaemia (AA) is a life‐threatening hematopoietic disorder characterized by hypoplasia and pancytopenia with increasing fat cells in the bone marrow (BM). The BM‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from AA are more susceptible to be induced into adipogenic differentiation compared with that from control, which may be causatively associated with the fatty BM and defective hematopoiesis of AA. Here in this study, we first demonstrated that levamisole displayed a significant suppressive effect on the in vitro adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs. Mechanistic investigation revealed that levamisole could increase the expression of ZFP36L1 which was subsequently demonstrated to function as a negative regulator of adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs through lentivirus‐mediated ZFP36L1 knock‐down and overexpression assay. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 beta (PPARGC1B) whose 3′‐untranslated region bears adenine‐uridine‐rich elements was verified as a direct downstream target of ZFP36L1, and knock‐down of PPARGC1B impaired the adipogenesis of AA BM‐MSCs. Collectively, our work demonstrated that ZFP36L1‐mediated post‐transcriptional control of PPARGC1B expression underlies the suppressive effect of levamisole on the adipogenic differentiation of AA BM‐MSCs, which not only provides novel therapeutic targets for alleviating the BM fatty phenomenon of AA patients, but also lays the theoretical and experimental foundation for the clinical application of levamisole in AA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Liu
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hai-Hui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Sai-Sai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cui-Yun Dou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Pan-Pan Cheng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Cui-Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
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17
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Tian FJ, He XY, Wang J, Li X, Ma XL, Wu F, Zhang J, Liu XR, Qin XL, Zhang Y, Zeng WH, Lin Y. Elevated Tristetraprolin Impairs Trophoblast Invasion in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage by Destabilization of HOTAIR. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 12:600-609. [PMID: 30195796 PMCID: PMC6078837 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates the stability of multiple targets that have important biological roles. However, the role of TTP in trophoblasts at the maternal-fetal interface remains poorly understood. We demonstrated that TTP was upregulated in placental trophoblasts from patients with recurrent miscarriages (RMs). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting analyses indicated that TTP was redistributed from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in trophoblasts from patients with RMs. Trophoblast invasion and proliferation was repressed by TTP overexpression and was enhanced by TTP knockdown. Interestingly, TTP knockdown promoted trophoblast invasion in an ex vivo explant culture model. Furthermore, TTP overexpression in trophoblasts significantly inhibited the expression of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) HOTAIR. TTP was found to regulate HOTAIR expression by a posttranscriptional mechanism. To RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA-protein, pull-down identified TTP as a specific binding partner that decreased the half-life of HOTAIR and lowered steady-state HOTAIR expression levels, indicating a novel posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism. Our findings identify a novel function for TTP in lncRNA regulation and provide important insights into the regulation of lncRNA expression. This study reveals a new pathway governing the regulation of TTP/HOTAIR in trophoblast cell invasion during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Ju Tian
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Ying He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao Li
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Ma
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fan Wu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Li Qin
- Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Wei-Hong Zeng
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yi Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China.
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18
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Ramos-Alonso L, Romero AM, Soler MÀ, Perea-García A, Alepuz P, Puig S, Martínez-Pastor MT. Yeast Cth2 protein represses the translation of ARE-containing mRNAs in response to iron deficiency. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007476. [PMID: 29912874 PMCID: PMC6023232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to iron deficiency, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae undergoes a metabolic remodeling in order to optimize iron utilization. The tandem zinc finger (TZF)-containing protein Cth2 plays a critical role in this adaptation by binding and promoting the degradation of multiple mRNAs that contain AU-rich elements (AREs). Here, we demonstrate that Cth2 also functions as a translational repressor of its target mRNAs. By complementary approaches, we demonstrate that Cth2 protein inhibits the translation of SDH4, which encodes a subunit of succinate dehydrogenase, and CTH2 mRNAs in response to iron depletion. Both the AREs within SDH4 and CTH2 transcripts, and the Cth2 TZF are essential for translational repression. We show that the role played by Cth2 as a negative translational regulator extends to other mRNA targets such as WTM1, CCP1 and HEM15. A structure-function analysis of Cth2 protein suggests that the Cth2 amino-terminal domain (NTD) is important for both mRNA turnover and translation inhibition, while its carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) only participates in the regulation of translation, but is dispensable for mRNA degradation. Finally, we demonstrate that the Cth2 CTD is physiologically relevant for adaptation to iron deficiency. Iron is essential for eukaryotes because it is required for many fundamental processes such as DNA replication, protein translation or respiration, but it is very insoluble and can, therefore, easily go scarce. For this reason, eukaryotic cells have developed adaptive responses to iron deficiency. Under iron limitation conditions, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces the expression of Cth2, a protein with tandem zinc fingers that binds to adenine and uracil-rich sequences in the 3’-UTR of specific mRNAs related to iron metabolism, promoting their degradation. Here we show that Cth2 inhibits the translation of ARE-containing mRNAs, including SDH4, WTM1, HEM15 and CCP1, which encode proteins that contain iron or participate in iron-dependent pathways, and CTH2 itself, which is subjected to an autoregulatory loop that controls its expression. We also dissected different domains of Cth2 that are differentially involved in mRNA decay and translational inhibition. The involvement of Cth2 in translational control reinforces the importance of this ARE-binding protein as a post-transcriptional regulator of the iron response in yeast. By acting at different steps in the life of specific mRNA targets, Cth2 action ensures yeast cells a proper distribution of iron by optimizing its utilization in essential processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Ramos-Alonso
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonia María Romero
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Àngel Soler
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Perea-García
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergi Puig
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- * E-mail: (MTMP); (SP)
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19
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Wu X, Tommasi di Vignano A, Zhou Q, Michel-Dziunycz PJ, Bai F, Mi J, Qin J, Zu T, Hofbauer GFL. The ARE-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a novel target and mediator of calcineurin tumor suppressing function in the skin. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007366. [PMID: 29723192 PMCID: PMC5953486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An increased incidence of skin inflammatory diseases is frequently observed in organtransplanted patients being treated with calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppressive agents. The mechanism of increased skin inflammation in this context has however not yet been clarified. Here we report an increased inflammation following inhibition of calcineurin signaling seen in both chemically induced mouse skin tumors and in tumors grafted from H-rasV12 expressing primary human keratinocytes (HKCs). Following UVB or TPA treatment, we specifically found that deletion of the calcineurin gene in mouse keratinocytes (MKCs) resulted in increased inflammation, and this was accompanied by the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα, IL-8 and CXCL1. Furthermore, expression of the RNA-binding protein, tristetraprolin (TTP) was down-regulated in response to calcineurin inhibition, wherein TTP was shown to negatively regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes. The induction of TTP following TPA or UVB treatment was attenuated by calcineurin inhibition in keratinocytes, and correspondingly, disruption of calcineurin signaling down-regulated the amounts of TTP in both clinical and H-rasV12-transformed keratinocyte tumor models. Our results further demonstrated that calcineurin positively controls the stabilization of TTP in keratinocytes through a proteasome-dependent mechanism. Reducing the expression of TTP functionally promoted tumor growth of H-rasV12 expressing HKCs, while stabilizing TTP expression counteracted the tumor-promoting effects of calcineurin inhibition. Collectively these results suggest that calcineurin signaling, acting through TTP protein level stabilization, suppresses keratinocyte tumors by downregulating skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunwei Wu
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Cutaneous Biology Research Centre, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Alice Tommasi di Vignano
- Cutaneous Biology Research Centre, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States of America
| | - Qian Zhou
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | | | - Fuxiang Bai
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Mi
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Qin
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tingjian Zu
- Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regeneration and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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de Toeuf B, Soin R, Nazih A, Dragojevic M, Jurėnas D, Delacourt N, Vo Ngoc L, Garcia-Pino A, Kruys V, Gueydan C. ARE-mediated decay controls gene expression and cellular metabolism upon oxygen variations. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5211. [PMID: 29581565 PMCID: PMC5980108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia triggers profound modifications of cellular transcriptional programs. Upon reoxygenation, cells return to a normoxic gene expression pattern and mRNA produced during the hypoxic phase are degraded. TIS11 proteins control deadenylation and decay of transcripts containing AU-rich elements (AREs). We observed that the level of dTIS11 is decreased in hypoxic S2 Drosophila cells and returns to normal level upon reoxygenation. Bioinformatic analyses using the ARE-assessing algorithm AREScore show that the hypoxic S2 transcriptome is enriched in ARE-containing transcripts and that this trend is conserved in human myeloid cells. Moreover, an efficient down-regulation of Drosophila ARE-containing transcripts during hypoxia/normoxia transition requires dtis11 expression. Several of these genes encode proteins with metabolic functions. Here, we show that ImpL3 coding for Lactate Dehydrogenase in Drosophila, is regulated by ARE-mediated decay (AMD) with dTIS11 contributing to ImpL3 rapid down-regulation upon return to normal oxygen levels after hypoxia. More generally, we observed that dtis11 expression contributes to cell metabolic and proliferative recovery upon reoxygenation. Altogether, our data demonstrate that AMD plays an important role in the control of gene expression upon variation in oxygen concentration and contributes to optimal metabolic adaptation to oxygen variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérengère de Toeuf
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Romuald Soin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Abdelkarim Nazih
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marija Dragojevic
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Dukas Jurėnas
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Nadège Delacourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Long Vo Ngoc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
- Section of Molecular Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093, USA
| | - Abel Garcia-Pino
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Véronique Kruys
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Cyril Gueydan
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire du Gène, Faculté des Sciences, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 12 rue des Profs. Jeener et Brachet, 6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
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ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 inhibit cell proliferation in a cyclin D-dependent and p53-independent manner. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2742. [PMID: 29426877 PMCID: PMC5807420 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
ZFP36 family members include ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2, which belong to CCCH-type zinc finger proteins with two tandem zinc finger (TZF) regions. Whether ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 have antiproliferative activities similar to that of ZFP36 is unclear. In this study, when ZFP36L1 or ZFP36L2 was overexpressed in T-REx-293 cells, cell proliferation was dramatically inhibited and the cell cycle was arrested at the G1 phase. The levels of cell-cycle-related proteins, including cyclin B, cyclin D, cyclin A, and p21, decreased; however, p53 increased in ZFP36L1-or ZFP36L2-overexpressing T-REx-293 cells. Forced expression of ZFP36L1 or ZFP36L2 also inhibited cell proliferation and cyclin D gene expression in three human colorectal cancer cell lines: HCT116 p53+/+, HCT116 p53−/−, and SW620 (mutated p53) cells. However, it increased p53 and p21 expression only in HCT116 p53+/+ cells. Knockdown of ZFP36L1 or ZFP36L2 increased cell proliferation and cyclin D expression; furthermore, the mutation of the TZF of ZFP36L1 or ZFP36L2 caused them to lose their antiproliferative ability, to the extent that they could not inhibit cyclin D expression in these three cell lines. The results indicated that ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 play a negative role in cell proliferation; the underlying mechanisms might be mediated through a cyclin D-dependent and p53-independent pathway.
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The AU-rich element landscape across human transcriptome reveals a large proportion in introns and regulation by ELAVL1/HuR. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2018; 1861:167-177. [PMID: 29413897 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adenylate-uridylate (AU)-rich elements (AREs) are sequence instability elements that are known to be located in the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) in thousands of human transcripts. AREs regulate the expression of many genes at the post-transcriptional level, and they are essential for many normal cellular functions. We conducted a transcriptome-wide screen for AREs and found that they are most abundant in introns, with up to 25% of introns containing AREs corresponding to 58% of human genes. Clustering studies of ARE size, complexity, and distribution revealed that, in introns, longer AREs with two or more overlapping repeats are more abundant than in the 3'UTR, and only introns can contain very long AREs with 6-14 overlapping AUUUA pentamers. We found that intronic sites of the ARE binding proteins HuR/ELAVL1, ZFP36/TTP, AUF1, and BRF1/ZFP36L1 overlap with the intronic AREs with HuR being most abundant. Accordingly, RNA-IP experiments demonstrated a specific association of HuR with reporter and endogenous pre-mRNAs that contain intronic AREs. Moreover, HuR knockdown led to a significant general reduction in the mRNA levels of genes that contain intronic AREs and to a specific reduction in the expression of ARE-intronic reporters. The data represent bioinformatics analysis for key RNA-binding proteins interactions with intronic AREs and provide experimental evidence for HuR binding to AREs. The widespread distribution of intronic AREs and their particular association with HuR and HuR binding sites indicates that more than half of human genes can be regulated post-transcriptionally by AREs.
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Edey LF, Georgiou H, O’Dea KP, Mesiano S, Herbert BR, Lei K, Hua R, Markovic D, Waddington SN, MacIntyre D, Bennett P, Takata M, Johnson MR. Progesterone, the maternal immune system and the onset of parturition in the mouse†. Biol Reprod 2017; 98:376-395. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia F Edey
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Hector Georgiou
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kieran P O’Dea
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Sam Mesiano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bronwen R Herbert
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Kaiyu Lei
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Renyi Hua
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospitals of Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Danijela Markovic
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Simon N Waddington
- The International Peace Maternity & Child Health Hospital of China Welfare Institute (IPMCH), Shanghai, China
| | - David MacIntyre
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philip Bennett
- Gene Transfer Technology Group, Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Masao Takata
- Section of Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine, and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Imperial College Parturition Research Group, Academic Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Guo J, Qu H, Chen Y, Xia J. The role of RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin in cancer and immunity. Med Oncol 2017; 34:196. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-017-1055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Prenzler F, Fragasso A, Schmitt A, Munz B. Functional analysis of ZFP36 proteins in keratinocytes. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:277-84. [PMID: 27182009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ZFP36 family of zinc finger proteins, including ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2, regulates the production of growth factors and cytokines via destabilization of the respective mRNAs. We could recently demonstrate that in cultured keratinocytes, expression of the ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2 genes is induced by growth factors and cytokines and that ZFP36L1 is a potent regulator of keratinocyte VEGF production. We now further analyzed the localization and function of ZFP36 proteins in the skin, specifically in epidermal keratinocytes. We found that in human epidermis, the ZFP36 protein could be detected in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, whereas ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 were expressed mainly in the basal layer, indicating different and non-redundant functions of the three proteins in the epidermis. Consistently, upon inhibition of ZFP36 or ZFP36L1 expression using specific siRNAs, there was no major effect on expression of the respective other gene. In addition, we demonstrate that both ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 influence keratinocyte cell cycle, differentiation, and apoptosis in a distinct manner. Finally, we show that similarly as ZFP36L1, ZFP36 is a potent regulator of keratinocyte VEGF production. Thus, it is likely that both proteins regulate angiogenesis via paracrine mechanisms. Taken together, our results suggest that ZFP36 proteins might control reepithelialization and angiogenesis in the skin in a multimodal manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Prenzler
- University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annunziata Fragasso
- University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angelika Schmitt
- University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- University Hospital Tübingen, Medical Clinic, Department of Sports Medicine, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Effects of Combined Tristetraprolin/Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Deficiency on the Splenic Transcriptome. Mol Cell Biol 2016; 36:1395-411. [PMID: 26976640 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01068-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) acts by binding to AU-rich elements in certain mRNAs, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA, and increasing their decay rates. TTP knockout mice exhibit a profound inflammatory syndrome that is largely due to increased TNF levels. Although TTP's effects on gene expression have been well studied in cultured cells, little is known about its functions in intact tissues. We performed deep RNA sequencing on spleens from TTP knockout mice that were also deficient in both TNF receptors ("triple knockout" mice) to remove the secondary effects of excess TNF activity. To help identify posttranscriptionally regulated transcripts, we also compared changes in mature mRNA levels to levels of transiently expressed pre-mRNA. In the triple knockout spleens, levels of 3,014 transcripts were significantly affected by 1.5-fold or more, but only a small fraction exhibited differential mRNA/pre-mRNA changes suggestive of increased mRNA stability. Transferrin receptor mRNA, which contains two highly conserved potential TTP binding sites, was significantly upregulated relative to its pre-mRNA. This was reflected in increased transferrin receptor expression and increased splenic iron/hemosiderin deposition. Our results suggest that TTP deficiency has profound effects on the splenic transcriptome, even in the absence of secondary increases in TNF activity.
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27
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Barrios-García T, Gómez-Romero V, Tecalco-Cruz Á, Valadéz-Graham V, León-Del-Río A. Nuclear tristetraprolin acts as a corepressor of multiple steroid nuclear receptors in breast cancer cells. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2016; 7:20-6. [PMID: 27114912 PMCID: PMC4832087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a 34-kDa, zinc finger-containing factor that in mammalian cells acts as a tumor suppressor protein through two different mechanisms. In the cytoplasm TTP promotes the decay of hundreds of mRNAs encoding cell factors involved in inflammation, tissue invasion, and metastasis. In the cell nucleus TTP has been identified as a transcriptional corepressor of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which has been associated to the development and progression of the majority of breast cancer tumors. In this work we report that nuclear TTP modulates the transactivation activity of progesterone receptor (PR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and androgen receptor (AR). In recent years these steroid nuclear receptors have been shown to be of clinical and therapeutical relevance in breast cancer. The functional association between TTP and steroid nuclear receptors is supported by the finding that TTP physically interacts with ERα, PR, GR and AR in vivo. We also show that TTP overexpression attenuates the transactivation of all the steroid nuclear receptors tested. In contrast, siRNA-mediated reduction of endogenous TTP expression in MCF-7 cells produced an increase in the transcriptional activities of ERα, PR, GR and AR. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of nuclear TTP in breast cancer cells is to act as a corepressor of ERα, PR, GR and AR. We propose that the reduction of TTP expression observed in different types of breast cancer tumors may contribute to the development of this disease by producing a dysregulation of the transactivation activity of multiple steroid nuclear receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonatiuh Barrios-García
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Vania Gómez-Romero
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Tecalco-Cruz
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Viviana Valadéz-Graham
- Departamento Genética del Desarrollo y Fisiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfonso León-Del-Río
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
- Corresponding author at: Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de MamaInstituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoAv. Universidad 3000Mexico D.F.Mexico04510
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28
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Huang L, Yu Z, Zhang Z, Ma W, Song S, Huang G. Interaction with Pyruvate Kinase M2 Destabilizes Tristetraprolin by Proteasome Degradation and Regulates Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22449. [PMID: 26926077 PMCID: PMC4772106 DOI: 10.1038/srep22449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), which is predominantly expressed in most cancers, plays a key role in the Warburg effect. However, how PKM2 functions as a tumor supportive protein has not been fully elucidated. Here, we identified tristetraprolin (TTP), an AU-rich, element-binding protein that regulates mRNA stability, as a new binding partner of PKM2. Our data reveal that PKM2 suppresses TTP protein levels by promoting its phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasome degradation, reducing its mRNA turnover ability and ultimately impairing cell viability in breast cancer cells. The p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway might be involved in PKM2-mediated TTP degradation, while treatment with the p38 inhibitor or siRNA abolished PKM2-induced TTP protein degradation. These findings demonstrate that PKM2-TTP association is crucial for regulating breast cancer cell proliferation and is therefore a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqian Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Zhenhai Yu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) & Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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29
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de Bruin RG, van der Veer EP, Prins J, Lee DH, Dane MJC, Zhang H, Roeten MK, Bijkerk R, de Boer HC, Rabelink TJ, van Zonneveld AJ, van Gils JM. The RNA-binding protein quaking maintains endothelial barrier function and affects VE-cadherin and β-catenin protein expression. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21643. [PMID: 26905650 PMCID: PMC4764852 DOI: 10.1038/srep21643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of endothelial cell-cell contacts is essential for physiological functioning of the endothelium. Interendothelial junctions are actively involved in the control of vascular leakage, leukocyte diapedesis, and the initiation and progression of angiogenesis. We found that the RNA-binding protein quaking is highly expressed by endothelial cells, and that its expression was augmented by prolonged culture under laminar flow and the transcription factor KLF2 binding to the promoter. Moreover, we demonstrated that quaking directly binds to the mRNA of VE-cadherin and β-catenin and can induce mRNA translation mediated by the 3′UTR of these genes. Reduced quaking levels attenuated VE-cadherin and β-catenin expression and endothelial barrier function in vitro and resulted in increased bradykinin-induced vascular leakage in vivo. Taken together, we report that quaking is essential in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Our results provide novel insight into the importance of post-transcriptional regulation in controlling vascular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben G de Bruin
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eric P van der Veer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jurriën Prins
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn J C Dane
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Huayu Zhang
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marko K Roeten
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Bijkerk
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty C de Boer
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ton J Rabelink
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anton Jan van Zonneveld
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Janine M van Gils
- Einthoven Laboratory of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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30
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Chen MT, Dong L, Zhang XH, Yin XL, Ning HM, Shen C, Su R, Li F, Song L, Ma YN, Wang F, Zhao HL, Yu J, Zhang JW. ZFP36L1 promotes monocyte/macrophage differentiation by repressing CDK6. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16229. [PMID: 26542173 PMCID: PMC4635361 DOI: 10.1038/srep16229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA binding proteins (RBPs)-mediated post-transcriptional control has been implicated in influencing various aspects of RNA metabolism and playing important roles in mammalian development and pathological diseases. However, the functions of specific RBPs and the molecular mechanisms through which they act in monocyte/macrophage differentiation remain to be determined. In this study, through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation, we identify that ZFP36L1, a member of ZFP36 zinc finger protein family, exhibits significant decrease in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients compared with normal controls and remarkable time-course increase during monocyte/macrophage differentiation of PMA-induced THP-1 and HL-60 cells as well as induction culture of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Lentivirus-mediated gain and loss of function assays demonstrate that ZFP36L1 acts as a positive regulator to participate in monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Mechanistic investigation further reveals that ZFP36L1 binds to the CDK6 mRNA 3′untranslated region bearing adenine-uridine rich elements and negatively regulates the expression of CDK6 which is subsequently demonstrated to impede the in vitro monocyte/macrophage differentiation of CD34+ HSPCs. Collectively, our work unravels a ZFP36L1-mediated regulatory circuit through repressing CDK6 expression during monocyte/macrophage differentiation, which may also provide a therapeutic target for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tai Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Lei Dong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Haematology Department, the 303 Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yin
- Haematology Department, the 303 Hospital, Nanning, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ning
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Rui Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Feng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Li Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Yan-Ni Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Hua-Lu Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jia Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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Tristetraprolin Recruits Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4E2 To Repress Translation of AU-Rich Element-Containing mRNAs. Mol Cell Biol 2015; 35:3921-32. [PMID: 26370510 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00845-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tristetraprolin (TTP) regulates the expression of AU-rich element-containing mRNAs through promoting the degradation and repressing the translation of target mRNA. While the mechanism for promoting target mRNA degradation has been extensively studied, the mechanism underlying translational repression is not well established. Here, we show that TTP recruits eukaryotic initiation factor 4E2 (eIF4E2) to repress target mRNA translation. TTP interacted with eIF4E2 but not with eIF4E. Overexpression of eIF4E2 enhanced TTP-mediated translational repression, and downregulation of endogenous eIF4E2 or overexpression of a truncation mutant of eIF4E2 impaired TTP-mediated translational repression. Overexpression of an eIF4E2 mutant that lost the cap-binding activity also impaired TTP's activity, suggesting that the cap-binding activity of eIF4E2 is important in TTP-mediated translational repression. We further show that TTP promoted eIF4E2 binding to target mRNA. These results imply that TTP recruits eIF4E2 to compete with eIF4E to repress the translation of target mRNA. This notion is supported by the finding that downregulation of endogenous eIF4E2 increased the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) protein without affecting the mRNA levels in THP-1 cells. Collectively, these results uncover a novel mechanism by which TTP represses target mRNA translation.
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Herranz N, Gallage S, Mellone M, Wuestefeld T, Klotz S, Hanley CJ, Raguz S, Acosta JC, Innes AJ, Banito A, Georgilis A, Montoya A, Wolter K, Dharmalingam G, Faull P, Carroll T, Martínez-Barbera JP, Cutillas P, Reisinger F, Heikenwalder M, Miller RA, Withers D, Zender L, Thomas GJ, Gil J. mTOR regulates MAPKAPK2 translation to control the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:1205-17. [PMID: 26280535 PMCID: PMC4589897 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Senescent cells secrete a combination of factors collectively known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The SASP reinforces senescence and activates an immune surveillance response, but it can also show pro-tumorigenic properties and contribute to age-related pathologies. In a drug screen to find new SASP regulators, we uncovered the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as a potent SASP suppressor. Here we report a mechanism by which mTOR controls the SASP by differentially regulating the translation of the MK2 (also known as MAPKAPK2) kinase through 4EBP1. In turn, MAPKAPK2 phosphorylates the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 during senescence, inhibiting its ability to degrade the transcripts of numerous SASP components. Consequently, mTOR inhibition or constitutive activation of ZFP36L1 impairs the non-cell-autonomous effects of senescent cells in both tumour-suppressive and tumour-promoting contexts. Altogether, our results place regulation of the SASP as a key mechanism by which mTOR could influence cancer, age-related diseases and immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Herranz
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Massimiliano Mellone
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Torsten Wuestefeld
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Klotz
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Hanley
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Selina Raguz
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Juan Carlos Acosta
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew J Innes
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Ana Banito
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Athena Georgilis
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alex Montoya
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Katharina Wolter
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gopuraja Dharmalingam
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Peter Faull
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Thomas Carroll
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | | | - Pedro Cutillas
- Proteomics Facility; MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Florian Reisinger
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- Institute for Virology, Technische Universität München/Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard A. Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dominic Withers
- Metabolic Signalling Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Lars Zender
- Division of Molecular Oncology of Solid Tumors, Dept. of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gareth J. Thomas
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Cancer Research UK Centre, Somers Building, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Jesús Gil
- Cell Proliferation Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
- Epigenetics Section, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
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Wells ML, Hicks SN, Perera L, Blackshear PJ. Functional equivalence of an evolutionarily conserved RNA binding module. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24413-23. [PMID: 26292216 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.673012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the tristetraprolin (TTP) family of proteins participate in the regulation of mRNA turnover after initially binding to AU-rich elements in target mRNAs. Related proteins from most groups of eukaryotes contain a conserved tandem zinc finger (TZF) domain consisting of two closely spaced, similar CCCH zinc fingers that form the primary RNA binding domain. There is considerable sequence variation within the TZF domains from different family members within a single organism and from different organisms, raising questions about sequence-specific effects on RNA binding and decay promotion. We hypothesized that TZF domains from evolutionarily distant species are functionally interchangeable. The single family member expressed in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Zfs1, promotes the turnover of several dozen transcripts, some of which are involved in cell-cell interactions. Using knockin techniques, we replaced the TZF domain of S. pombe Zfs1 with the equivalent domains from human TTP and the single family member proteins expressed in the silkworm Bombyx mori, the pathogenic yeast Candida guilliermondii, and the plant Chromolaena odorata. We found that the TZF domains from these widely disparate species could completely substitute for the native S. pombe TZF domain, as determined by measurement of target transcript levels and the flocculation phenotype characteristic of Zfs1 deletion. Recombinant TZF domain peptides from several of these species bound to an AU-rich RNA oligonucleotide with comparably high affinity. We conclude that the TZF domains from TTP family members in these evolutionarily widely divergent species are functionally interchangeable in mRNA binding and decay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lalith Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, NIEHS/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 and
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- From the Signal Transduction Laboratory and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University, Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Blackshear PJ, Perera L. Phylogenetic distribution and evolution of the linked RNA-binding and NOT1-binding domains in the tristetraprolin family of tandem CCCH zinc finger proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:297-306. [PMID: 24697206 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the tristetraprolin or TTP family of CCCH tandem zinc finger (TZF) proteins comprises 3 members, encoded by the genes ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2. These proteins have direct orthologues in essentially all vertebrates studied, with the exception of birds, which appear to lack a version of ZFP36. Additional family members are found in rodents, amphibians, and fish. In general, the encoded proteins contain 2 critical macromolecular interaction domains: the CCCH TZF domain, which is necessary for high-affinity binding to AU-rich elements in mRNA; and an extreme C-terminal domain that, in the case of TTP, interacts with NOT1, the scaffold of a large multi-protein complex that contains deadenylases. TTP and its related proteins act by first binding to AU-rich elements in mRNA, and then recruiting deadenylases to the mRNA, where they can processively remove the adenosine residues from the poly(A) tail. Highly conserved TZF domains have been found in unicellular eukaryotes such as yeasts, and these domains can bind AU-rich elements that resemble those bound by the mammalian proteins. However, certain fungi appear to lack proteins with intact TZF domains, and the TTP family proteins that are expressed in other fungi often lack the characteristic C-terminal NOT1 binding domain found in the mammalian proteins. For these reasons, we investigated the phylogenetic distribution of the relevant sequences in available databases. Both domains are present in family member proteins from most lineages of eukaryotes, suggesting their mutual presence in a common ancestor. However, the vertebrate type of NOT1-binding domain is missing in most fungi, and the TZF domain itself has disappeared or degenerated in recently evolved fungi. Nonetheless, both domains are present together in the proteins from several unicellular eukaryotes, including at least 1 fungus, and they seem to have remained together during the evolution of metazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry J Blackshear
- 1 Laboratories of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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35
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Griseri P, Pagès G. Control of pro-angiogenic cytokine mRNA half-life in cancer: the role of AU-rich elements and associated proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:242-54. [PMID: 24697202 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of mRNA half-life plays a central role in normal development and disease. Several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer, tightly correlate with deregulation in mRNA stability of pro-inflammatory genes. Among these, pro-angiogenesis cytokines, which play a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels, normally show rapid mRNA decay patterns. The mRNA half-life of these genes appears to be regulated by mRNA-binding proteins that interact with AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs. Some of these RNA-binding proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), ARE RNA-binding protein 1, and KH-type splicing regulatory protein, normally promote mRNA degradation. Conversely, other proteins, such as embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein 1 (HuR) and polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 2, act as antagonists, stabilizing the mRNA. The steady state levels of mRNA-binding proteins and their relative ratio is often perturbed in human cancers and associated with invasion and aggressiveness. Compelling evidence also suggests that underexpression of TTP and overexpression of HuR may be a useful prognostic and predictive marker in breast, colon, prostate, and brain cancers, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for these tumors. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA decay of pro-angiogenesis cytokines in different cancers and discuss the interactions between the AU-rich-binding proteins and their mRNA targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Griseri
- 1 U.O.C Medical Genetics, Institute Giannina Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
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Abstract
The RE1 Silencing Transcription Factor (REST) acts as a governor of the mature neuronal phenotype by repressing a large consortium of neuronal genes in non-neuronal cells. In the developing nervous system, REST is present in progenitors and downregulated at terminal differentiation to promote acquisition of mature neuronal phenotypes. Paradoxically, REST is still detected in some regions of the adult nervous system, but how REST levels are regulated, and whether REST can still repress neuronal genes, is not known. Here, we report that homeostatic levels of REST are maintained in mature peripheral neurons by a constitutive post-transcriptional mechanism. Specifically, using a three-hybrid genetic screen, we identify the RNA binding protein, ZFP36L2, associated previously only with female fertility and hematopoiesis, and show that it regulates REST mRNA stability. Dorsal root ganglia in Zfp36l2 knock-out mice, or wild-type ganglia expressing ZFP36L2 shRNA, show higher steady-state levels of Rest mRNA and protein, and extend thin and disintegrating axons. This phenotype is due, at least in part, to abnormally elevated REST levels in the ganglia because the axonal phenotype is attenuated by acute knockdown of REST in Zfp36l2 KO DRG explants. The higher REST levels result in lower levels of target genes, indicating that REST can still fine-tune gene expression through repression. Thus, REST levels are titrated in mature peripheral neurons, in part through a ZFP36L2-mediated post-transcriptional mechanism, with consequences for axonal integrity.
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37
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Qiu LQ, Lai WS, Bradbury A, Zeldin DC, Blackshear PJ. Tristetraprolin (TTP) coordinately regulates primary and secondary cellular responses to proinflammatory stimuli. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:723-36. [PMID: 25657290 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0214-106r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TTP is an anti-inflammatory protein that acts by binding to AREs in its target mRNAs, such as Tnf mRNA, and promoting their deadenylation and decay. TNF released from inflammatory cells can then stimulate gene expression in tissue cells, such as fibroblasts. To determine whether TTP could affect the decay of TNF-induced transcripts in fibroblasts, we exposed primary embryonic fibroblasts and stable fibroblast cell lines, derived from WT and TTP KO mice, to TNF. The decay rates of transcripts encoded by several early-response genes, including Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ier3, Ptgs2, and Lif, were significantly slowed in TTP-deficient fibroblasts after TNF stimulation. These changes were associated with TTP-dependent increases in CXCL1, CXCL2, and IER3 protein levels. The TTP-susceptible transcripts contained multiple, conserved, closely spaced, potential TTP binding sites in their 3'-UTRs. WT TTP, but not a nonbinding TTP zinc finger mutant, bound to RNA probes that were based on the mRNA sequences of Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Ptgs2, and Lif. TTP-promoted decay of transcripts encoding chemokines and other proinflammatory mediators is thus a critical post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in the response of secondary cells, such as fibroblasts, to TNF released from primary immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qun Qiu
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wi S Lai
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alyce Bradbury
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- *Laboratories of Signal Transduction and Respiratory Biology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; and Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Kim WC, Kim JY, Ko JH, Kang H, Kim J, Han KH. AtC3H14, a plant-specific tandem CCCH zinc-finger protein, binds to its target mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner and affects cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:772-84. [PMID: 25228083 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
AtC3H14 (At1 g66810) is a plant-specific tandem CCCH zinc-finger (TZF) protein that belongs to the 68-member CCCH family in Arabidopsis thaliana. In animals, TZFs have been shown to bind and recruit target mRNAs to the cytoplasmic foci where mRNA decay enzymes are active. However, it is not known whether plant TZF proteins such as AtC3H14 function. So far, no mRNA targets of plant TZFs have been identified. We have obtained several lines of experimental evidence in support of our hypothesis that AtC3H14 is involved in post-transcriptional regulation of its target genes. Nucleic acid binding assays using [(35) S]-labeled AtC3H14 protein showed that AtC3H14 could bind to ssDNA, dsDNA, and ribohomopolymers, suggesting its RNA-binding activity. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay identified several putative target RNAs of AtC3H14, including a polygalacturonase, a well-known cell wall modifying gene. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assays (RNA-EMSA) were used to confirm the RIP results and demonstrate that the TZF domain of AtC3H14 is required for the target RNA binding. Microarray analysis of 35S::AtC3H14 plants revealed that many of the cell wall elongation and/or modification-associated genes were differentially expressed, which is consistent with the cell elongation defect phenotype and the changes in the cell wall monosaccharide composition. In addition, yeast activation assay showed that AtC3H14 also function as a transcriptional activator, which is consistent with the previous finding that AtC3H14 activate the secondary wall biosynthesis genes. Taken together, we conclude that AtC3H14 may play a key role in both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chan Kim
- Department of Horticulture and Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA; DOE-Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1222, USA
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Choi YJ, Lai WS, Fedic R, Stumpo DJ, Huang W, Li L, Perera L, Brewer BY, Wilson GM, Mason JM, Blackshear PJ. The Drosophila Tis11 protein and its effects on mRNA expression in flies. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:35042-60. [PMID: 25342740 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.593491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the mammalian tristetraprolin family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins can bind to certain AU-rich elements (AREs) in mRNAs, leading to their deadenylation and destabilization. Mammals express three or four members of this family, but Drosophila melanogaster and other insects appear to contain a single gene, Tis11. We found that recombinant Drosophila Tis11 protein could bind to ARE-containing RNA oligonucleotides with low nanomolar affinity. Remarkably, co-expression in mammalian cells with "target" RNAs demonstrated that Tis11 could promote destabilization of ARE-containing mRNAs and that this was partially dependent on a conserved C-terminal sequence resembling the mammalian NOT1 binding domain. Drosophila Tis11 promoted both deadenylation and decay of a target transcript in this heterologous cell system. We used chromosome deletion/duplication and P element insertion to produce two types of Tis11 deficiency in adult flies, both of which were viable and fertile. To address the hypothesis that Tis11 deficiency would lead to the abnormal accumulation of potential target transcripts, we analyzed gene expression in adult flies by deep mRNA sequencing. We identified 69 transcripts from 56 genes that were significantly up-regulated more than 1.5-fold in both types of Tis11-deficient flies. Ten of the up-regulated transcripts encoded probable proteases, but many other functional classes of proteins were represented. Many of the up-regulated transcripts contained potential binding sites for tristetraprolin family member proteins that were conserved in other Drosophila species. Tis11 is thus an ARE-binding, mRNA-destabilizing protein that may play a role in post-transcriptional gene expression in Drosophila and other insects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wi S Lai
- From the Laboratories of Signal Transduction
| | | | | | | | | | - Lalith Perera
- Structural Biology, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Brandy Y Brewer
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | - Gerald M Wilson
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- From the Laboratories of Signal Transduction, the Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Griseri P, Pagès G. Regulation of the mRNA half-life in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:323-334. [PMID: 25114848 PMCID: PMC4127604 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of the half-life of mRNA plays a central role in normal development and in disease progression. Several pathological conditions, such as breast cancer, correlate with deregulation of the half-life of mRNA encoding growth factors, oncogenes, cell cycle regulators and inflammatory cytokines that participate in cancer. Substantial stability means that a mRNA will be available for translation for a longer time, resulting in high levels of protein gene products, which may lead to prolonged responses that subsequently result in over-production of cellular mediators that participate in cancer. The stability of these mRNA is regulated at the 3’UTR level by different mechanisms involving mRNA binding proteins, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA and alternative polyadenylation. All these events are tightly inter-connected to each other and lead to steady state levels of target mRNAs. Compelling evidence also suggests that both mRNA binding proteins and regulatory RNAs which participate to mRNA half-life regulation may be useful prognostic markers in breast cancers, pointing to a potential therapeutic approach to treatment of patients with these tumors. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA decay and discuss the possibility of its implication in breast cancer aggressiveness and the efficacy of targeted therapy.
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Xin H, Deng K, Fu M. Post-transcriptional gene regulation by RNA-binding proteins in vascular endothelial dysfunction. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:836-44. [PMID: 25104457 PMCID: PMC7089175 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cell dysfunction is a term which implies the dysregulation of normal endothelial cell functions, including impairment of the barrier functions, control of vascular tone, disturbance of proliferative and migratory capacity of endothelial cells, as well as control of leukocyte trafficking. Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in vascular inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetic vascular complications, sepsis-induced or severe virus infection-induced organ injuries. The expressions of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules induced by various stimuli, such as modified lipids, smoking, advanced glycation end products and bacteria toxin, significantly contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction. The transcriptional regulation of inflammatory cytokines and vascular adhesion molecules has been well-studied. However, the regulation of those gene expressions at post-transcriptional level is emerging. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as critical regulators of gene expression acting predominantly at the post-transcriptional level in microRNA-dependent or independent manners. This review summarizes the latest insights into the roles of RNA-binding proteins in controlling vascular endothelial cell functions and their contribution to the pathogenesis of vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongBo Xin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - KeYu Deng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
| | - MinGui Fu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031 China
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Zekavati A, Nasir A, Alcaraz A, Aldrovandi M, Marsh P, Norton JD, Murphy JJ. Post-transcriptional regulation of BCL2 mRNA by the RNA-binding protein ZFP36L1 in malignant B cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102625. [PMID: 25014217 PMCID: PMC4094554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ZFP36 zinc finger protein family consists of ZFP36, ZFP36L1, and ZFP36L2. These proteins regulate various cellular processes, including cell apoptosis, by binding to adenine uridine rich elements in the 3' untranslated regions of sets of target mRNAs to promote their degradation. The pro-apoptotic and other functions of ZFP36 family members have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. To identify candidate mRNAs that are targeted in the pro-apoptotic response by ZFP36L1, we reverse-engineered a gene regulatory network for all three ZFP36 family members using the 'maximum information coefficient' (MIC) for target gene inference on a large microarray gene expression dataset representing cells of diverse histological origin. Of the three inferred ZFP36L1 mRNA targets that were identified, we focussed on experimental validation of mRNA for the pro-survival protein, BCL2, as a target for ZFP36L1. RNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments revealed that ZFP36L1 interacted with the BCL2 adenine uridine rich element. In murine BCL1 leukemia cells stably transduced with a ZFP36L1 ShRNA lentiviral construct, BCL2 mRNA degradation was significantly delayed compared to control lentiviral expressing cells and ZFP36L1 knockdown in different cell types (BCL1, ACHN, Ramos), resulted in increased levels of BCL2 mRNA levels compared to control cells. 3' untranslated region luciferase reporter assays in HEK293T cells showed that wild type but not zinc finger mutant ZFP36L1 protein was able to downregulate a BCL2 construct containing the BCL2 adenine uridine rich element and removal of the adenine uridine rich core from the BCL2 3' untranslated region in the reporter construct significantly reduced the ability of ZFP36L1 to mediate this effect. Taken together, our data are consistent with ZFP36L1 interacting with and mediating degradation of BCL2 mRNA as an important target through which ZFP36L1 mediates its pro-apoptotic effects in malignant B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zekavati
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Asghar Nasir
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amor Alcaraz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Phil Marsh
- Division of Endocrinology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John D. Norton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - John J. Murphy
- Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Bebee TW, Cieply BW, Carstens RP. Genome-wide activities of RNA binding proteins that regulate cellular changes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 825:267-302. [PMID: 25201109 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1221-6_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and reverse mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) are developmentally conserved processes that are essential for patterning of developing embryos and organs. The EMT/MET are further utilized in wound healing, but they can also be hijacked by cancer cells to promote tumor progression and metastasis. The molecular pathways governing these processes have historically focused on the transcriptional regulation and networks that control them. Indeed, global profiling of transcriptional changes has provided a wealth of information into how these networks are regulated, the downstream targets, and functional consequence of alterations to the global transcriptome. However, recent evidence has revealed that the posttranscriptional landscape of the cell is also dramatically altered during the EMT/MET and contributes to changes in cell behavior and phenotypes. While studies of this aspect of EMT biology are still in their infancy, recent progress has been achieved by the identification of several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that regulate splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stability, and translational control during EMT. This chapter focuses on the global impact of RBPs that regulate mRNA maturation as well as outlines the functional impact of several key posttranscriptional changes during the EMT. The growing evidence of RBP involvement in the cellular transformation during EMT underscores that a coordinated regulation of both transcriptional and posttranscriptional changes is essential for EMT. Furthermore, new discoveries into these events will paint a more detailed picture of the transcriptome during the EMT/MET and provide novel molecular targets for treatment of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Bebee
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Liu J, Sisk JM, Gama L, Clements JE, Witwer KW. Tristetraprolin expression and microRNA-mediated regulation during simian immunodeficiency virus infection of the central nervous system. Mol Brain 2013; 6:40. [PMID: 24103357 PMCID: PMC3766027 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-6-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) participates in normal post-transcriptional control of cytokine and chemokine gene expression, dysregulation of which contributes to the HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of TTP has been described, including regulation by microRNA-29a. In the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model of HIV CNS disease, control of cytokine/chemokine expression coincides with the end of acute phase infection. This control is lost during progression to disease. In this study, we assessed TTP regulation and association with cytokine regulation in the brain during SIV infection. RESULTS Quantitation of TTP expression over the course of SIV infection revealed downregulation of TTP during acute infection, maintenance of relatively low levels during asymptomatic phase, and increased expression only during late-stage CNS disease, particularly in association with severe disease. The ability of miR-29a to regulate TTP was confirmed, and evidence for additional miRNA targeters of TTP was found. However, increased miR-29a expression in brain was not found to be significantly negatively correlated with TTP. Similarly, increased TTP during late-stage disease was not associated with lower cytokine expression. CONCLUSIONS TTP expression is regulated during SIV infection of the CNS. The lack of significant negative correlation of miR-29a and TTP expression levels suggests that while miR-29a may contribute to TTP regulation, additional factors are involved. Reduced TTP expression during acute infection is consistent with increased cytokine production during this phase of infection, but the increases in TTP observed during late-stage infection were insufficient to halt runaway cytokine levels. While antisense inhibitors of the post-transcriptional targeters of TTP identified here could conceivably be used further to augment TTP regulation of cytokines, it is possible that high levels of TTP are undesirable. Additional research is needed to characterize members of the miRNA/TTP/cytokine regulatory network and identify nodes that may be best targeted therapeutically to ameliorate the effects of chronic inflammation in retrovirus-associated CNS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Liu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N, Broadway, Miller Research Building Rm, 829, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Post-transcriptional regulation of iron homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:15785-809. [PMID: 23903042 PMCID: PMC3759886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140815785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential micronutrient for all eukaryotic organisms because it participates as a redox cofactor in a wide variety of biological processes. Recent studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have shown that in response to iron deficiency, an RNA-binding protein denoted Cth2 coordinates a global metabolic rearrangement that aims to optimize iron utilization. The Cth2 protein contains two Cx8Cx5Cx3H tandem zinc fingers (TZFs) that specifically bind to adenosine/uridine-rich elements within the 3′ untranslated region of many mRNAs to promote their degradation. The Cth2 protein shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Once inside the nucleus, Cth2 binds target mRNAs and stimulates alternative 3′ end processing. A Cth2/mRNA-containing complex is required for export to the cytoplasm, where the mRNA is degraded by the 5′ to 3′ degradation pathway. This post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism limits iron utilization in nonessential pathways and activates essential iron-dependent enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase, which is required for DNA synthesis and repair. Recent findings indicate that the TZF-containing tristetraprolin protein also functions in modulating human iron homeostasis. Elevated iron concentrations can also be detrimental for cells. The Rnt1 RNase III exonuclease protects cells from excess iron by promoting the degradation of a subset of the Fe acquisition system when iron levels rise.
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Poulos MG, Batra R, Li M, Yuan Y, Zhang C, Darnell RB, Swanson MS. Progressive impairment of muscle regeneration in muscleblind-like 3 isoform knockout mice. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3547-58. [PMID: 23660517 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The muscleblind-like (MBNL) genes encode alternative splicing factors that are essential for the postnatal development of multiple tissues, and the inhibition of MBNL activity by toxic C(C)UG repeat RNAs is a major pathogenic feature of the neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy. While MBNL1 controls fetal-to-adult splicing transitions in muscle and MBNL2 serves a similar role in the brain, the function of MBNL3 in vivo is unknown. Here, we report that mouse Mbnl3, which encodes protein isoforms that differ in the number of tandem zinc-finger RNA-binding motifs and subcellular localization, is expressed primarily during embryonic development but also transiently during injury-induced adult skeletal muscle regeneration. Mbnl3 expression is required for normal C2C12 myogenic differentiation and high-throughput sequencing combined with cross-linking/immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that Mbnl3 binds preferentially to the 3' untranslated regions of genes implicated in cell growth and proliferation. In addition, Mbnl3ΔE2 isoform knockout mice, which fail to express the major Mbnl3 nuclear isoform, show age-dependent delays in injury-induced muscle regeneration and impaired muscle function. These results suggest that Mbnl3 inhibition by toxic RNA expression may be a contributing factor to the progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting characteristic of myotonic dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Poulos
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Genetics Institute and the Center for NeuroGenetics, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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