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Luo J, Huang H, Qiao H, Tan J, Chen W, Zhang M, Ruiz-Linares A, Wang J, Yang Y, Jin L, Headon DJ, Wang S. GWASs Identify Genetic Loci Associated with Human Scalp Hair Whorl Direction. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:2065-2068.e10. [PMID: 37565938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - He Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Qiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingze Tan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Manfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrés Ruiz-Linares
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Aix-Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EFS, Anthropologie Bio-Culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Marseille, France; Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, UCL Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiucun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, China; Research Unit of Dissecting the Population Genetics and Developing New Technologies for Treatment and Prevention of Skin Phenotypes and Dermatological Diseases (2019RU058), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Denis J Headon
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.
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Sakai D, Murakami Y, Shigeta D, Tomosugi M, Sakata-Haga H, Hatta T, Shoji H. Glycolytic activity is required for the onset of neural plate folding during neural tube closure in mouse embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1212375. [PMID: 37465012 PMCID: PMC10350492 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1212375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological hypoxia is critical for placental mammalian development. However, the underlying mechanisms by which hypoxia regulates embryonic development remain unclear. We discovered that the expression of glycolytic genes partially depends on hypoxia in neuroepithelial cells of E8.25 mouse embryos. Consistent with this finding, inhibiting glycolysis during the early phase of neural tube closure (E8.0-8.5) resulted in a neural tube closure defect. In contrast, inhibiting the electron transport chain did not affect neural tube formation. Furthermore, inhibiting glycolysis affected cell proliferation, but not differentiation and survival. Inhibiting glycolysis repressed the phosphorylation of myosin light chain 2, and consequent neural plate folding. Our findings revealed that anaerobic glycolysis regulates neuroepithelial cell proliferation and apical constriction during the early phase of neural tube closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daichi Shigeta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Tomosugi
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakata-Haga
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Hatta
- Department of Anatomy, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Shoji
- Department of Biology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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3
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Adameyko I. Evolutionary origin of the neural tube in basal deuterostomes. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R319-R331. [PMID: 37098338 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) of chordates, including humans, develops as a hollow tube with ciliated walls containing cerebrospinal fluid. However, most of the animals inhabiting our planet do not use this design and rather build their centralized brains from non-epithelialized condensations of neurons called ganglia, with no traces of epithelialized tubes or liquid-containing cavities. The evolutionary origin of tube-type CNSs stays enigmatic, especially as non-epithelialized ganglionic-type nervous systems dominate the animal kingdom. Here, I discuss recent findings relevant to understanding the potential homologies and scenarios of the origin, histology and anatomy of the chordate neural tube. The nerve cords of other deuterostomes might relate to the chordate neural tube at histological, developmental and cellular levels, including the presence of radial glia, layered stratification, retained epithelial features, morphogenesis via folding and formation of a lumen filled with liquid. Recent findings inspire a new view of hypothetical evolutionary scenarios explaining the tubular epithelialized structure of the CNS. One such idea suggests that early neural tubes were key for improved directional olfaction, which was facilitated by the liquid-containing internal cavity. The later separation of the olfactory portion of the tube led to the formation of the independent olfactory and posterior tubular CNS systems in vertebrates. According to an alternative hypothesis, the thick basiepithelial nerve cords could provide deuterostome ancestors with additional biomechanical support, which later improved by turning the basiepithelial cord into a tube filled with liquid - a hydraulic skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Adameyko
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 17165, Sweden.
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4
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Martínez Traverso IM, Steimle JD, Zhao X, Wang J, Martin JF. LATS1/2 control TGFB-directed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the murine dorsal cranial neuroepithelium through YAP regulation. Development 2022; 149:dev200860. [PMID: 36125128 PMCID: PMC9587805 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippo signaling, an evolutionarily conserved kinase cascade involved in organ size control, plays key roles in various tissue developmental processes, but its role in craniofacial development remains poorly understood. Using the transgenic Wnt1-Cre2 driver, we inactivated the Hippo signaling components Lats1 and Lats2 in the cranial neuroepithelium of mouse embryos and found that the double conditional knockout (DCKO) of Lats1/2 resulted in neural tube and craniofacial defects. Lats1/2 DCKO mutant embryos had microcephaly with delayed and defective neural tube closure. Furthermore, neuroepithelial cell shape and architecture were disrupted within the cranial neural tube in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. RNA sequencing of embryonic neural tubes revealed increased TGFB signaling in Lats1/2 DCKO mutants. Moreover, markers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated in the cranial neural tube. Inactivation of Hippo signaling downstream effectors, Yap and Taz, suppressed neuroepithelial defects, aberrant EMT and TGFB upregulation in Lats1/2 DCKO embryos, indicating that LATS1/2 function via YAP and TAZ. Our findings reveal important roles for Hippo signaling in modulating TGFB signaling during neural crest EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idaliz M. Martínez Traverso
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey D. Steimle
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James F. Martin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdepartmental Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiomyocyte Renewal Laboratory, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Organ Repair and Renewal, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 , USA
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5
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Ambekar YS, Singh M, Schill AW, Zhang J, Zevallos-Delgado C, Khajavi B, Aglyamov SR, Finnell RH, Scarcelli G, Larin KV. Multimodal imaging system combining optical coherence tomography and Brillouin microscopy for neural tube imaging. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:1347-1350. [PMID: 35290310 PMCID: PMC9088521 DOI: 10.1364/ol.453996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To understand the dynamics of tissue stiffness during neural tube formation and closure in a murine model, we have developed a multimodal, coaligned imaging system combining optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Brillouin microscopy. Brillouin microscopy can map the longitudinal modulus of tissue but cannot provide structural images. Thus, it is limited for imaging dynamic processes such as neural tube formation and closure. To overcome this limitation, we have combined Brillouin microscopy and OCT in one coaligned instrument. OCT provided depth-resolved structural imaging with a micrometer-scale spatial resolution to guide stiffness mapping by Brillouin modality. 2D structural and Brillouin frequency shift maps were acquired of mouse embryos at gestational day (GD) 8.5, 9.5, and 10.5 with the multimodal system. The results demonstrate the capability of the system to obtain structural and stiffness information simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manmohan Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander W. Schill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jitao Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Behzad Khajavi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Salavat R. Aglyamov
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Richard H. Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Cell Biology, Molecular and Human Genetics, and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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6
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Compagnucci C, Martinus K, Griffin J, Depew MJ. Programmed Cell Death Not as Sledgehammer but as Chisel: Apoptosis in Normal and Abnormal Craniofacial Patterning and Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:717404. [PMID: 34692678 PMCID: PMC8531503 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.717404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordination of craniofacial development involves an complex, intricate, genetically controlled and tightly regulated spatiotemporal series of reciprocal inductive and responsive interactions among the embryonic cephalic epithelia (both endodermal and ectodermal) and the cephalic mesenchyme — particularly the cranial neural crest (CNC). The coordinated regulation of these interactions is critical both ontogenetically and evolutionarily, and the clinical importance and mechanistic sensitivity to perturbation of this developmental system is reflected by the fact that one-third of all human congenital malformations affect the head and face. Here, we focus on one element of this elaborate process, apoptotic cell death, and its role in normal and abnormal craniofacial development. We highlight four themes in the temporospatial elaboration of craniofacial apoptosis during development, namely its occurrence at (1) positions of epithelial-epithelial apposition, (2) within intra-epithelial morphogenesis, (3) during epithelial compartmentalization, and (4) with CNC metameric organization. Using the genetic perturbation of Satb2, Pbx1/2, Fgf8, and Foxg1 as exemplars, we examine the role of apoptosis in the elaboration of jaw modules, the evolution and elaboration of the lambdoidal junction, the developmental integration at the mandibular arch hinge, and the control of upper jaw identity, patterning and development. Lastly, we posit that apoptosis uniquely acts during craniofacial development to control patterning cues emanating from core organizing centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Compagnucci
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kira Martinus
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany
| | - John Griffin
- Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Depew
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, CCO, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Craniofacial Development, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Jiao Y, Wang G, Li D, Li H, Liu J, Yang X, Yang W. Okadaic Acid Exposure Induced Neural Tube Defects in Chicken ( Gallus gallus) Embryos. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19060322. [PMID: 34199615 PMCID: PMC8227060 DOI: 10.3390/md19060322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Okadaic acid (OA) is an important liposoluble shellfish toxin distributed worldwide, and is mainly responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human beings. It has a variety of toxicities, including cytotoxicity, embryonic toxicity, neurotoxicity, and even genotoxicity. However, there is no direct evidence of its developmental toxicity in human offspring. In this study, using the chicken (Gallus gallus) embryo as the animal model, we investigated the effects of OA exposure on neurogenesis and the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). We found that OA exposure could cause NTDs and inhibit the neuronal differentiation. Immunofluorescent staining of pHI3 and c-Caspase3 demonstrated that OA exposure could promote cell proliferation and inhibit cell apoptosis on the developing neural tube. Besides, the down-regulation of Nrf2 and increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the OA-exposed chicken embryos indicated that OA could result in oxidative stress in early chick embryos, which might enhance the risk of the subsequent NTDs. The inhibition of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in the dorsal neural tube suggested that OA could also affect the formation of dorsolateral hinge points, which might ultimately hinder the closure of the neural tube. Transcriptome and qPCR analysis showed the expression of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), proto-oncogene protein c-fos (FOS), and C-C motif chemokine 4 (CCL4) in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly increased in the OA-exposed embryos, suggesting that the NTDs induced by OA might be associated with the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Taken together, our findings could advance the understanding of the embryo–fetal developmental toxicity of OA on human gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhu Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.J.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Guang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
| | - Dawei Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.J.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Hongye Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.J.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiesheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.J.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.Y); Tel.: +86-20-85228316 (X.Y.); +86-20-85221491 (W.Y)
| | - Weidong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Eutrophication and Control of Harmful Algal Blooms of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; (Y.J.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.Y); Tel.: +86-20-85228316 (X.Y.); +86-20-85221491 (W.Y)
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8
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Ezan J, Moreau MM, Mamo TM, Shimbo M, Decroo M, Richter M, Peyroutou R, Rachel R, Tissir F, de Anda FC, Sans N, Montcouquiol M. Early loss of Scribble affects cortical development, interhemispheric connectivity and psychomotor activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9106. [PMID: 33907211 PMCID: PMC8079449 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders arise from combined defects in processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and commissure formation. The evolutionarily conserved tumor-suppressor protein Scribble (Scrib) serves as a nexus to transduce signals for the establishment of apicobasal and planar cell polarity during these processes. Human SCRIB gene mutations are associated with neural tube defects and this gene is located in the minimal critical region deleted in the rare Verheij syndrome. In this study, we generated brain-specific conditional cKO mouse mutants and assessed the impact of the Scrib deletion on brain morphogenesis and behavior. We showed that embryonic deletion of Scrib in the telencephalon leads to cortical thickness reduction (microcephaly) and partial corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure agenesis. We correlated these phenotypes with a disruption in various developmental mechanisms of corticogenesis including neurogenesis, neuronal migration and axonal connectivity. Finally, we show that Scrib cKO mice have psychomotor deficits such as locomotor activity impairment and memory alterations. Altogether, our results show that Scrib is essential for early brain development due to its role in several developmental cellular mechanisms that could underlie some of the deficits observed in complex neurodevelopmental pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Ezan
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Maité M Moreau
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tamrat M Mamo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Miki Shimbo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maureen Decroo
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Melanie Richter
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronan Peyroutou
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Rivka Rachel
- Neurobiology-Neurodegeneration and Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fadel Tissir
- Developmental Neurobiology Group, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, Box B1.73.16, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Froylan Calderon de Anda
- Germany Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg (ZMNH), Research Group Neuronal Development, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nathalie Sans
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mireille Montcouquiol
- Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, Neurocentre Magendie, U1215, 33077, Bordeaux, France.
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9
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Sambra V, Echeverria F, Valenzuela A, Chouinard-Watkins R, Valenzuela R. Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle. Nutrients 2021; 13:986. [PMID: 33803760 PMCID: PMC8003191 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in neurogenesis and brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA and AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure and function of membranes, among others. DHA and AA are deposited into the lipids of cell membranes that form the gray matter representing approximately 25% of the total content of brain fatty acids. Both fatty acids have effects on neuronal growth and differentiation through the modulation of the physical properties of neuronal membranes, signal transduction associated with G proteins, and gene expression. DHA and AA have a relevant role in neuroprotection against neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, which are associated with characteristic pathological expressions as mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. The present review analyzes the neuroprotective role of DHA and AA in the extreme stages of life, emphasizing the importance of these LCPUFA during the first year of life and in the developing/prevention of neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Sambra
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Francisca Echeverria
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Nutrition, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago 8380000, Chile;
| | - Raphaël Chouinard-Watkins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile; (V.S.); (F.E.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada;
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10
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Werner JM, Negesse MY, Brooks DL, Caldwell AR, Johnson JM, Brewster RM. Hallmarks of primary neurulation are conserved in the zebrafish forebrain. Commun Biol 2021; 4:147. [PMID: 33514864 PMCID: PMC7846805 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary neurulation is the process by which the neural tube, the central nervous system precursor, is formed from the neural plate. Incomplete neural tube closure occurs frequently, yet underlying causes remain poorly understood. Developmental studies in amniotes and amphibians have identified hingepoint and neural fold formation as key morphogenetic events and hallmarks of primary neurulation, the disruption of which causes neural tube defects. In contrast, the mode of neurulation in teleosts has remained highly debated. Teleosts are thought to have evolved a unique mode of neurulation, whereby the neural plate infolds in absence of hingepoints and neural folds, at least in the hindbrain/trunk where it has been studied. Using high-resolution imaging and time-lapse microscopy, we show here the presence of these morphological landmarks in the zebrafish anterior neural plate. These results reveal similarities between neurulation in teleosts and other vertebrates and hence the suitability of zebrafish to understand human neurulation. Jonathan Werner, Maraki Negesse et al. visualize zebrafish neurulation during development to determine whether hallmarks of neural tube formation in other vertebrates also apply to zebrafish. They find that neural tube formation in the forebrain shares features such as hingepoints and neural folds with other vertebrates, demonstrating the strength of the zebrafish model for understanding human neurulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Werner
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Maraki Y Negesse
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Dominique L Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Allyson R Caldwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Jafira M Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA
| | - Rachel M Brewster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA.
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11
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Pasi R, Ravi K, Divasha, Hassan S, Mittra S, Kumar R. Neural tube defects: Different types and brief review of neurulation process and its clinical implication. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:4383-4390. [PMID: 35280642 PMCID: PMC8884297 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_904_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural Tube Defects are the most typical congenital malformations, with almost 300,000 cases annually worldwide. The incidence varies amongst geographical ranges from 0.2 to up to 11 per 1000 live births. In India, incidence is reportedly higher in north than south and can be attributable to diet and genetic variances. Etiology is multifactorial. Severe forms of whitethorn are allied with syndromes. Primary neurulation and secondary neurulation are the most crucial steps in the formation and closure of the neural tube; any interruption can lead to mild to severe NTDs depending on the level of insult during embryogenesis. Various molecular and cellular events take place simultaneously for neural tube bending and closure of the neural tube. Neurological deficit in the newborn is contingent on the level of defect and severity of the structures affected. Survival of the newborn also depends on the severity of the lesion. Folic acid supplementation in all prospective mothers, preferably 4 weeks before conception and at least 12 weeks after conception, can prevent NTDs in folic responsive groups. But there is a significant number of other causes leading to neural tube defects apart from folic acid. Hydrocephalus is the commonest abnormality allied with NTDs in syndromic cases.
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12
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Matsumoto Y, Yamaguchi Y, Hamachi M, Nonomura K, Muramatsu Y, Yoshida H, Miura M. Apoptosis is involved in maintaining the character of the midbrain and the diencephalon roof plate after neural tube closure. Dev Biol 2020; 468:101-109. [PMID: 32979334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a major form of programmed cell death, is massively observed in neural plate border and subsequently in the roof plate (RP). While deficiency of apoptosis often results in brain malformations including exencephaly and hydrocephalus, the impact of apoptosis on RP formation and maintenance remains unclear. Here we described that mouse embryos deficient in Apaf1, a gene crucial for the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, in C57BL/6 genetic background exhibited narrow and discontinuous expression of RP marker genes in the midline of the midbrain and the diencephalon. Instead, cells positive for the neuroectodermal gene SOX1 ectopically accumulated in the midline. A lineage-tracing experiment suggests that these ectopic SOX1-positive cells began to accumulate in the midline of apoptosis-deficient embryos after E9.5. These embryos further displayed malformation of the subcommissural organ, which has been discussed in the etiology of hydrocephalus. Thus, the apoptosis machinery prevents ectopic emergence of SOX1-positive cells in the midbrain and the diencephalon RP, and helps in maintaining the character of the RP in the diencephalon and midbrain, thereby ensuring proper brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology, and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan; Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0812, Japan.
| | - Misato Hamachi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Keiko Nonomura
- Division of Embryology, National Institute for Basic Biology (NIBB), Higashiyama 5-1, Myodaiji, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yoshida
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Immunoscience, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga, 849-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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13
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Heusinkveld HJ, Staal YCM, Baker NC, Daston G, Knudsen TB, Piersma A. An ontology for developmental processes and toxicities of neural tube closure. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 99:160-167. [PMID: 32926990 PMCID: PMC10083840 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the development and implementation of animal-free approaches to chemical and pharmaceutical hazard and risk assessment has taken off. Alternative approaches are being developed starting from the perspective of human biology and physiology. Neural tube closure is a vital step that occurs early in human development. Correct closure of the neural tube depends on a complex interplay between proteins along a number of protein concentration gradients. The sensitivity of neural tube closure to chemical disturbance of signalling pathways such as the retinoid pathway, is well known. To map the pathways underlying neural tube closure, literature data on the molecular regulation of neural tube closure were collected. As the process of neural tube closure is highly conserved in vertebrates, the extensive literature available for the mouse was used whilst considering its relevance for humans. Thus, important cell compartments, regulatory pathways, and protein interactions essential for neural tube closure under physiological circumstances were identified and mapped. An understanding of aberrant processes leading to neural tube defects (NTDs) requires detailed maps of neural tube embryology, including the complex genetic signals and responses underlying critical cellular dynamical and biomechanical processes. The retinoid signaling pathway serves as a case study for this ontology because of well-defined crosstalk with the genetic control of neural tube patterning and morphogenesis. It is a known target for mechanistically-diverse chemical structures that disrupt neural tube closure The data presented in this manuscript will set the stage for constructing mathematical models and computer simulation of neural tube closure for human-relevant AOPs and predictive toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harm J Heusinkveld
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Yvonne C M Staal
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - George Daston
- Global Product Stewardship, The Procter & Gamble Company, Cincinnati, OH USA
| | - Thomas B Knudsen
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park NC 27711, USA
| | - Aldert Piersma
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
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14
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Ibrahim O, Sutherland HG, Maksemous N, Smith R, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Exploring Neuronal Vulnerability to Head Trauma Using a Whole Exome Approach. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1870-1879. [PMID: 32233732 PMCID: PMC7462038 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries are associated with oxidative stress and a need to restore neuronal homeostasis. Mutations in ion channel genes, in particular CACNA1A, have been implicated in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and in the development of concussion-related symptoms in response to trivial head trauma. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of variants in other ion channel genes in the development of such responses. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on16 individuals who developed a range of neurological and concussion-related symptoms following minor or trivial head injuries. All individuals were initially tested and shown to be negative for mutations in known FHM genes. Variants identified from the WES results were filtered to identify rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.01) in genes related to neural processes as well as genes highly expressed in the brain using a combination of in silico prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen, PredictSNP, Mutation Taster, and Mutation Assessor). Rare (MAF <0.001) or novel heterozygous variants in 7 ion channel genes were identified in 37.5% (6/16) of the cases (CACNA1I, CACNA1C, ATP10A, ATP7B, KCNAB1, KCNJ10, and SLC26A4), rare variants in neurotransmitter genes were found in 2 cases (GABRG1 and GRIK1), and rare variants in 3 ubiquitin-related genes identified in 4 cases (SQSTM1, TRIM2, and HECTD1). In this study, the largest proportion of potentially pathogenic variants in individuals with severe responses to minor head trauma were identified in genes previously implicated in migraine and seizure-related autosomal recessive neurological disorders. Together with results implicating variants in the hemiplegic migraine genes, CACNA1A and ATP1A2, in severe head trauma response, our results support a role for heterozygous deleterious mutations in genes implicated in neurological dysfunction and potentially increasing the risk of poor response to trivial head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ibrahim
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neven Maksemous
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Pieters T, Sanders E, Tian H, van Hengel J, van Roy F. Neural defects caused by total and Wnt1-Cre mediated ablation of p120ctn in mice. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:17. [PMID: 32741376 PMCID: PMC7398255 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Background p120 catenin (p120ctn) is an important component in the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex because it stabilizes cadherin-mediated intercellular junctions. Outside these junctions, p120ctn is actively involved in the regulation of small GTPases of the Rho family, in actomyosin dynamics and in transcription regulation. We and others reported that loss of p120ctn in mouse embryos results in an embryonic lethal phenotype, but the exact developmental role of p120ctn during brain formation has not been reported. Results We combined floxed p120ctn mice with Del-Cre or Wnt1-Cre mice to deplete p120ctn from either all cells or specific brain and neural crest cells. Complete loss of p120ctn in mid-gestation embryos resulted in an aberrant morphology, including growth retardation, failure to switch from lordotic to fetal posture, and defective neural tube formation and neurogenesis. By expressing a wild-type p120ctn from the ROSA26 locus in p120ctn-null mouse embryonic stem cells, we could partially rescue neurogenesis. To further investigate the developmental role of p120ctn in neural tube formation, we generated conditional p120ctnfl/fl;Wnt1Cre knockout mice. p120ctn deletion in Wnt1-expressing cells resulted in neural tube closure defects (NTDs) and craniofacial abnormalities. These defects could not be correlated with misregulation of brain marker genes or cell proliferation. In contrast, we found that p120ctn is required for proper expression of the cell adhesion components N-cadherin, E-cadherin and β-catenin, and of actin-binding proteins cortactin and Shroom3 at the apical side of neural folds. This region is of critical importance for closure of neural folds. Surprisingly, the lateral side of mutant neural folds showed loss of p120ctn, but not of N-cadherin, β-catenin or cortactin. Conclusions These results indicate that p120ctn is required for neurogenesis and neurulation. Elimination of p120ctn in cells expressing Wnt1 affects neural tube closure by hampering correct formation of specific adhesion and actomyosin complexes at the apical side of neural folds. Collectively, our results demonstrate the crucial role of p120ctn during brain morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Pieters
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ellen Sanders
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Huiyu Tian
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jolanda van Hengel
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.,Present address: Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frans van Roy
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Hashimoto H, Munro E. Differential Expression of a Classic Cadherin Directs Tissue-Level Contractile Asymmetry during Neural Tube Closure. Dev Cell 2020; 51:158-172.e4. [PMID: 31639367 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryos control force generation at tissue boundaries, but how they do so remains poorly understood. Here we show how tissue-specific expression of the type II cadherin, Cadherin2, patterns actomyosin contractility along tissue boundaries to control zippering and neural tube closure in the basal chordate, Ciona robusta. Cadherin2 is differentially expressed and homotypically enriched in neural cells along the neural/epidermal (Ne/Epi) boundary, where RhoA and myosin are activated during zipper progression. Homotypically enriched Cadherin2 sequesters the Rho GTPase-activating protein, Gap21/23, to homotypic junctions. Gap21/23 in turn redirects RhoA/myosin activity to heterotypic Ne/Epi junctions. By activating myosin II along Ne/Epi junctions ahead of the zipper and inhibiting myosin II along newly formed Ne/Ne junctions behind the zipper, Cadherin2 promotes tissue-level contractile asymmetry to drive zipper progression. We propose that dynamic coupling of junction exchange to local changes in contractility may control fusion and separation of epithelia in many other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Edwin Munro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration, and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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17
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Craenen K, Verslegers M, Craeghs L, Quintens R, Janssen A, Coolkens A, Baatout S, Moons L, Benotmane MA. Abnormal retinal pigment epithelium melanogenesis as a major determinant for radiation-induced congenital eye defects. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 91:59-73. [PMID: 31705956 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted a link between ionizing radiation exposure during neurulation and birth defects such as microphthalmos and anophthalmos. Because the mechanisms underlying these defects remain largely unexplored, we irradiated pregnant C57BL/6J mice (1.0 Gy, X-rays) at embryonic day (E)7.5, followed by histological and gene/protein expression analyses at defined days. Irradiation impaired embryonic development at E9 and we observed a delayed pigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) at E11. In addition, a reduced RNA expression and protein abundance of critical eye-development genes (e.g. Pax6 and Lhx2) was observed. Furthermore, a decreased expression of Mitf, Tyr and Tyrp1 supported the radiation-induced perturbation in RPE pigmentation. Finally, via immunostainings for proliferation (Ki67) and mitosis (phosphorylated histone 3), a decreased mitotic index was observed in the E18 retina after exposure at E7.5. Overall, we propose a plausible etiological model for radiation-induced eye-size defects, with RPE melanogenesis as a major determining factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Craenen
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium; Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Livine Craeghs
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium; Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Roel Quintens
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Ann Janssen
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Amelie Coolkens
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Abderrafi Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.
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18
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Shin M, Vaughn A, Momb J, Appling DR. Deletion of neural tube defect-associated gene Mthfd1l causes reduced cranial mesenchyme density. Birth Defects Res 2019; 111:1520-1534. [PMID: 31518072 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periconceptional intake of supplemental folic acid can reduce the incidence of neural tube defects by as much as 70%, but the mechanisms by which folic acid supports cellular processes during neural tube closure are unknown. The mitochondrial 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase MTHFD1L catalyzes production of formate, thus generating one-carbon units for cytoplasmic processes. Deletion of Mthfd1l causes embryonic lethality, developmental delay, and neural tube defects in mice. METHODS To investigate the role of mitochondrial one-carbon metabolism during cranial neural tube closure, we have analyzed cellular morphology and function in neural tissues in Mthfd1l knockout embryos. RESULTS The head mesenchyme showed significantly lower cellular density in Mthfd1l nullizygous embryos compared to wildtype embryos during the process of neural tube closure. Apoptosis and neural crest cell specification were not affected by deletion of Mthfd1l. Sections from the cranial region of Mthfd1l knockout embryos exhibited decreased cellular proliferation, but only after completion of neural tube closure. Supplementation of pregnant dams with formate improved mesenchymal density and corrected cell proliferation in the nullizygous embryos. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of Mthfd1l causes decreased density in the cranial mesenchyme and this defect is improved with formate supplementation. This study reveals a mechanistic link between folate-dependent mitochondrially produced formate, head mesenchyme formation and neural tube defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhye Shin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Amanda Vaughn
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jessica Momb
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Dean R Appling
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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19
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Sahin Inan ZD, Unver Saraydin S. Immunohistochemical profile of CD markers in experimental neural tube defect. Biotech Histochem 2019; 94:617-627. [PMID: 31184499 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2019.1622783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are the second most common birth defects worldwide. Stem cells play a critical role in the mechanisms underlying NTDs. We established an experimental NTD model in rats using retinoic acid (RA). We used mesenchymal and hemopoietic stem cell markers to determine their distribution in the mesenchyme in and around the neuroepithelium during the embryonic and fetal periods in both cranial and caudal regions. Adult female rats were given RA on days 5 and 10 of gestation and olive oil was administered to the control group. On days 10.5 and 15.5, embryos in the experimental and control groups were removed from the uterus. Embryos were embedded in paraffin and serial sections of the cranial and caudal neural tube were examined. We found severe cranial and caudal defects including axial rotation in the experimental groups using histochemistry. We used CD44, CD56, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD271 antibodies as mesenchymal stem cell markers and CD14, CD45 as hemopoietic stem cell markers. More CD44, CD56, CD90, CD105 and CD14 were detected during the embryonic period than the fetal period. CD73 was more frequent during the fetal period, whereas CD271 and CD45 were not significantly different. When CD44, CD56, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD271 immunostaining was found, NTDs were decreased early and increased later. We found no significant difference between CD14 and CD45. Formation of NTDs was due to deterioration of the of the neuroepithelial and surrounding stem cells. One reason for the formation of NTDs is that stem cells may develop defective cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z D Sahin Inan
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - S Unver Saraydin
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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20
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Krasovec G, Robine K, Quéinnec E, Karaiskou A, Chambon J. Ci-hox12 tail gradient precedes and participates in the control of the apoptotic-dependent tail regression during Ciona larva metamorphosis. Dev Biol 2019; 448:237-246. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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21
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Insights into the Etiology of Mammalian Neural Tube Closure Defects from Developmental, Genetic and Evolutionary Studies. J Dev Biol 2018; 6:jdb6030022. [PMID: 30134561 PMCID: PMC6162505 DOI: 10.3390/jdb6030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human neural tube defects (NTD), anencephaly, spina bifida and craniorachischisis, originate from a failure of the embryonic neural tube to close. Human NTD are relatively common and both complex and heterogeneous in genetic origin, but the genetic variants and developmental mechanisms are largely unknown. Here we review the numerous studies, mainly in mice, of normal neural tube closure, the mechanisms of failure caused by specific gene mutations, and the evolution of the vertebrate cranial neural tube and its genetic processes, seeking insights into the etiology of human NTD. We find evidence of many regions along the anterior–posterior axis each differing in some aspect of neural tube closure—morphology, cell behavior, specific genes required—and conclude that the etiology of NTD is likely to be partly specific to the anterior–posterior location of the defect and also genetically heterogeneous. We revisit the hypotheses explaining the excess of females among cranial NTD cases in mice and humans and new developments in understanding the role of the folate pathway in NTD. Finally, we demonstrate that evidence from mouse mutants strongly supports the search for digenic or oligogenic etiology in human NTD of all types.
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22
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Shinotsuka N, Yamaguchi Y, Nakazato K, Matsumoto Y, Mochizuki A, Miura M. Caspases and matrix metalloproteases facilitate collective behavior of non-neural ectoderm after hindbrain neuropore closure. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 18:17. [PMID: 30064364 PMCID: PMC6069860 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-018-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Mammalian brain is formed through neural tube closure (NTC), wherein both ridges of opposing neural folds are fused in the midline and remodeled in the roof plate of the neural tube and overlying non-neural ectodermal layer. Apoptosis is widely observed from the beginning of NTC at the neural ridges and is crucial for the proper progression of NTC, but its role after the closure remains less clear. Results Here, we conducted live-imaging analysis of the mid-hindbrain neuropore (MHNP) closure and revealed unexpected collective behavior of cells surrounding the MHNP. The cells first gathered to the closing point and subsequently relocated as if they were released from the point. Inhibition of caspases or matrix metalloproteases with chemical inhibitors impaired the cell relocation. Conclusions These lines of evidence suggest that apoptosis-mediated degradation of extracellular matrix might facilitate the final process of neuropore closure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12861-018-0175-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Shinotsuka
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Nakazato
- Theoretical Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yudai Matsumoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mochizuki
- Theoretical Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Laboratory of Mathematical Biology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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23
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Craenen K, Verslegers M, Buset J, Baatout S, Moons L, Benotmane MA. A detailed characterization of congenital defects and mortality following moderate X-ray doses during neurulation. Birth Defects Res 2017; 110:467-482. [PMID: 29193908 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both epidemiological and animal studies have previously indicated a link between in utero radiation exposure and birth defects such as microphthalmos, anophthalmos, and exencephaly. However, detailed knowledge on embryonic radiosensitivity during different stages of neurulation is limited, especially in terms of neural tube defect and eye defect development. METHODS To assess the most radiosensitive stage during neurulation, pregnant C57BL6/J mice were X-irradiated (0.5 Gy or 1.0 Gy) at embryonic days (E)7, E7.5, E8, E8.5, or E9. Next, the fetuses were scored macroscopically for various defects and prenatal resorptions/deaths were counted. In addition, cranial skeletal development was ascertained using the alcian-alizarin method. Furthermore, postnatal/young adult survival was followed until 5 weeks (W5) of age, after X-irradiation at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy, or 1.0 Gy). In addition, body and brain weights were registered at adult age (W10) following X-ray exposure at E7.5 (0.1 Gy, 0.5 Gy). RESULTS Several malformations, including microphthalmos and exencephaly, were most evident after irradiation at E7.5, with significance starting respectively at 0.5 Gy and 1.0 Gy. Prenatal mortality and weight were significantly affected in all irradiated groups. Long-term follow-up of E7.5 irradiated animals revealed a reduction in survival at 5 weeks of age after high dose exposure (1.0 Gy), while lower doses (0.5 Gy, 0.1 Gy) did not affect brain and body weight at postnatal week 10. CONCLUSIONS With this study, we gained more insight in radiosensitivity throughout neurulation, and offered a better defined model to further study radiation-induced malformations and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Craenen
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium.,Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Buset
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
| | - Lieve Moons
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 61 bus 2464, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mohammed Abderrafi Benotmane
- Radiobiology Unit, Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Boeretang 200, Mol 2400, Belgium
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24
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Yamaguchi Y, Miyazawa H, Miura M. Neural tube closure and embryonic metabolism. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2017; 57:134-137. [PMID: 28295633 DOI: 10.1111/cga.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube closure (NTC) is an embryonic process during formation of the mammalian central nervous system. Disruption of the dynamic, sequential events of NTC can cause neural tube defects (NTD) leading to spina bifida and anencephaly in the newborn. NTC is affected by inherent factors such as genetic mutation or if the mother is exposed to certain environmental factors such as intake of harmful chemicals, maternal infection, irradiation, malnutrition, and inadequate or excessive intake of specific nutrients. Although effects of these stress factors on NTC have been intensively studied, the metabolic state of a normally developing embryo remains unclear. State-of-the art mass spectrometry techniques have enabled detailed study of embryonic metabolite profiles and their distribution within tissues. This approach has demonstrated that glucose metabolism is altered during NTC stages involving chorioallantoic branching. An understanding of embryonic metabolic rewiring would help reveal the etiology of NTD caused by environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Miyazawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutional Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Umetsu D, Kuranaga E. Planar polarized contractile actomyosin networks in dynamic tissue morphogenesis. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2017; 45:90-96. [PMID: 28419933 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The complex shapes of animal bodies are constructed through a sequence of simple physical interactions of constituent cells. Mechanical forces generated by cellular activities, such as division, death, shape change and rearrangement, drive tissue morphogenesis. By confining assembly or disassembly of actomyosin networks within the three-dimensional space of the cell, cells can localize forces to induce tissue deformation. Tissue-scale morphogenesis emerges from a collective behavior of cells that coordinates the force generation in space and time. Thus, the molecular mechanisms that govern the temporal and spatial regulation of forces in individual cells are elemental to organogenesis, and the tissue-scale coordination of forces generated by individual cells is key to determining the final shape of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Umetsu
- Laboratory of Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Erina Kuranaga
- Laboratory of Histogenetic Dynamics, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Laboratory for Histogenetic Dynamics, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3, Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan.
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26
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Tan J, Chen XJ, Shen CL, Zhang HX, Tang LY, Lu SY, Wu WT, Kuang Y, Fei J, Wang ZG. Lacking of palladin leads to multiple cellular events changes which contribute to NTD. Neural Dev 2017; 12:4. [PMID: 28340616 PMCID: PMC5366166 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The actin cytoskeleton-associated protein palladin plays an important role in cell motility, morphogenesis and adhesion. In mice, Palladin deficient embryos are lethal before embryonic day (E) 15.5, and exhibit severe cranial neural tube and body wall closure defects. However, the mechanism how palladin regulates the process of cranial neural tube closure (NTC) remains unknown. Methods In this paper, we use gene knockout mouse to elucidate the function of palladin in the regulation of NTC process. Results We initially focuse on the expression pattern of palladin and found that in embryonic brain, palladin is predominantly expressed in the neural folds at E9.5. We further check the major cellular events in the neural epithelium that may contribute to NTC during the early embryogenesis. Palladin deficiency leads to a disturbance of cytoskeleton in the neural tube and the cultured neural progenitors. Furthermore, increased cell proliferation, decreased cell differentiation and diminished apical cell apoptosis of neural epithelium are found in palladin deficient embryos. Cell cycle of neural progenitors in Palladin-/- embryos is much shorter than that in wt ones. Cell adhesion shows a reduction in Palladin-/- neural tubes. Conclusions Palladin is expressed with proper spatio-temporal pattern in the neural folds. It plays a crucial role in regulating mouse cranial NTC by modulating cytoskeleton, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and adhesion of neural epithelium. Our findings facilitate further study of the function of palladin and the underlying molecular mechanism involved in NTC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13064-017-0081-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chun-Ling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ling-Yun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China.,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shun-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wen-Ting Wu
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhu-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Rui-Jin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Building 17, No. 197, Ruijin 2nd Rd, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Model Organism Division, E-Institutes of Shanghai Universities, SJTUSM, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Shanghai Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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27
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Mohd-Zin SW, Marwan AI, Abou Chaar MK, Ahmad-Annuar A, Abdul-Aziz NM. Spina Bifida: Pathogenesis, Mechanisms, and Genes in Mice and Humans. SCIENTIFICA 2017; 2017:5364827. [PMID: 28286691 PMCID: PMC5327787 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5364827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Spina bifida is among the phenotypes of the larger condition known as neural tube defects (NTDs). It is the most common central nervous system malformation compatible with life and the second leading cause of birth defects after congenital heart defects. In this review paper, we define spina bifida and discuss the phenotypes seen in humans as described by both surgeons and embryologists in order to compare and ultimately contrast it to the leading animal model, the mouse. Our understanding of spina bifida is currently limited to the observations we make in mouse models, which reflect complete or targeted knockouts of genes, which perturb the whole gene(s) without taking into account the issue of haploinsufficiency, which is most prominent in the human spina bifida condition. We thus conclude that the need to study spina bifida in all its forms, both aperta and occulta, is more indicative of the spina bifida in surviving humans and that the measure of deterioration arising from caudal neural tube defects, more commonly known as spina bifida, must be determined by the level of the lesion both in mouse and in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti W. Mohd-Zin
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed I. Marwan
- Laboratory for Fetal and Regenerative Biology, Colorado Fetal Care Center, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E 17th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | | | - Azlina Ahmad-Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noraishah M. Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Wang S, Garcia MD, Lopez AL, Overbeek PA, Larin KV, Larina IV. Dynamic imaging and quantitative analysis of cranial neural tube closure in the mouse embryo using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:407-419. [PMID: 28101427 PMCID: PMC5231309 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural tube closure is a critical feature of central nervous system morphogenesis during embryonic development. Failure of this process leads to neural tube defects, one of the most common forms of human congenital defects. Although molecular and genetic studies in model organisms have provided insights into the genes and proteins that are required for normal neural tube development, complications associated with live imaging of neural tube closure in mammals limit efficient morphological analyses. Here, we report the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for dynamic imaging and quantitative assessment of cranial neural tube closure in live mouse embryos in culture. Through time-lapse imaging, we captured two neural tube closure mechanisms in different cranial regions, zipper-like closure of the hindbrain region and button-like closure of the midbrain region. We also used OCT imaging for phenotypic characterization of a neural tube defect in a mouse mutant. These results suggest that the described approach is a useful tool for live dynamic analysis of normal neural tube closure and neural tube defects in the mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Wang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Equal Contribution
| | - Monica D. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Equal Contribution
| | - Andrew L. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Paul A. Overbeek
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kirill V. Larin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biophotonics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Irina V. Larina
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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29
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Freddo AM, Shoffner SK, Shao Y, Taniguchi K, Grosse AS, Guysinger MN, Wang S, Rudraraju S, Margolis B, Garikipati K, Schnell S, Gumucio DL. Coordination of signaling and tissue mechanics during morphogenesis of murine intestinal villi: a role for mitotic cell rounding. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:918-28. [PMID: 27476872 PMCID: PMC5021607 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00046k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient digestion and absorption of nutrients by the intestine requires a very large apical surface area, a feature that is enhanced by the presence of villi, fingerlike epithelial projections that extend into the lumen. Prior to villus formation, the epithelium is a thick pseudostratified layer. In mice, villus formation begins at embryonic day (E)14.5, when clusters of mesenchymal cells form just beneath the thick epithelium. At this time, analysis of the flat lumenal surface reveals a regular pattern of short apical membrane invaginations that form in regions of the epithelium that lie in between the mesenchymal clusters. Apical invaginations begin in the proximal intestine and spread distally, deepening with time. Interestingly, mitotically rounded cells are frequently associated with these invaginations. These mitotic cells are located at the tips of the invaginating membrane (internalized within the epithelium), rather than adjacent to the apical surface. Further investigation of epithelial changes during membrane invagination reveals that epithelial cells located between mesenchymal clusters experience a circumferential compression, as epithelial cells above each cluster shorten and widen. Using a computational model, we examined whether such forces are sufficient to cause apical invaginations. Simulations and in vivo data reveal that proper apical membrane invagination involves intraepithelial compressive forces, mitotic cell rounding in the compressed regions and apico-basal contraction of the dividing cell. Together, these data establish a new model that explains how signaling events intersect with tissue forces to pattern apical membrane invaginations that define the villus boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Freddo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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30
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Xu L, Wang L, Wang J, Zhu Z, Chang G, Guo Y, Tian X, Niu B. The effect of inhibiting glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase on the development of neural tube in mice. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:56. [PMID: 27555878 PMCID: PMC4994272 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0114-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Folate deficiency is closely related to the development of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, the exact mechanism is not completely understood. This study aims to induce murine NTDs by inhibiting one of the folate metabolic pathways, de novo purine synthesis and preliminarily investigate the potential mechanisms. The key enzyme, glycinamide ribonucleotide formyl transferase (GARFT) was inhibited by a specific inhibitor, lometrexol (DDATHF) in the pregnant mice. Methods Pregnant mice were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of DDATHF on gestational day 7.5 and embryos were examined for the presence of NTDs on gestational day 11.5. GARFT activity and levels of ATP, GTP, dATP and dGTP were detected in embryonic brain tissue. Proliferation and apoptosis was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemical assay and western blotting. Results 40 mg kg−1 body weight (b/w) of DDATHF caused the highest incidence of NTDs (30.8 %) and therefore was selected as the optimal dose to establish murine NTDs. The GARFT activity and levels of ATP, GTP, dATP and dGTP in embryonic brain tissue were significantly decreased after DDATHF treatment. Furthermore, Levels of proliferation-related genes (Pcna, Foxg1 and Ptch1) were downregulated and apoptosis-related genes (Bax, Casp8 and Casp9) were upregulated. Expression of phosphohistone H3 was significantly decreased while expression of cleaved caspase-3 was greatly increased. Conclusions Results indicate that DDATHF induced murine NTDs by disturbing purine metabolism and further led to abnormal proliferation and apoptosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-016-0114-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - JianHua Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiQiang Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001 People's Republic of China
| | - XinLi Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital of Beijing Military Region, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020 People's Republic of China
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31
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Ray HJ, Niswander LA. Grainyhead-like 2 downstream targets act to suppress epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during neural tube closure. Development 2016; 143:1192-204. [PMID: 26903501 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor grainyhead-like 2 (GRHL2) is expressed in non-neural ectoderm (NNE) and Grhl2 loss results in fully penetrant cranial neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice. GRHL2 activates expression of several epithelial genes; however, additional molecular targets and functional processes regulated by GRHL2 in the NNE remain to be determined, as well as the underlying cause of the NTDs in Grhl2 mutants. Here, we find that Grhl2 loss results in abnormal mesenchymal phenotypes in the NNE, including aberrant vimentin expression and increased cellular dynamics that affects the NNE and neural crest cells. The resulting loss of NNE integrity contributes to an inability of the cranial neural folds to move toward the midline and results in NTD. Further, we identified Esrp1, Sostdc1, Fermt1, Tmprss2 and Lamc2 as novel NNE-expressed genes that are downregulated in Grhl2 mutants. Our in vitro assays show that they act as suppressors of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Thus, GRHL2 promotes the epithelial nature of the NNE during the dynamic events of neural tube formation by both activating key epithelial genes and actively suppressing EMT through novel downstream EMT suppressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Ray
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell Biology Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lee A Niswander
- Department of Pediatrics, Cell Biology Stem Cells and Development Graduate Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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32
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Monier B, Gettings M, Gay G, Mangeat T, Schott S, Guarner A, Suzanne M. [The last surge of dying cells, a key stage during the tissular morphogenesis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2015; 31:475-7. [PMID: 26059294 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20153105005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Monier
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France - CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie Gettings
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France - CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Gay
- DamCB, Data Analysis and Modelling for Cell Biology, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France - CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Schott
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France - CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Guarner
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Espagne
| | - Magali Suzanne
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France - CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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33
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Chang YJ, Su HL, Hsu LF, Huang PJ, Wang TH, Cheng FC, Hsu LW, Tsai MS, Chen CP, Chang YL, Chao AS, Hwang SM. Isolation of Human Neural Stem Cells from the Amniotic Fluid with Diagnosed Neural Tube Defects. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1740-50. [PMID: 25923707 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (NSCs) are particularly valuable for the study of neurogenesis process and have a therapeutic potential in treating neurodegenerative disorders. However, current progress in the use of human NSCs is limited due to the available NSC sources and the complicated isolation and culture techniques. In this study, we describe an efficient method to isolate and propagate human NSCs from the amniotic fluid with diagnosed neural tube defects (NTDs), specifically, anencephaly. These amniotic fluid-derived NSCs (AF-NSCs) formed neurospheres and underwent long-term expansion in vitro. In addition, these cells showed normal karyotypes and telomerase activity and expressed NSC-specific markers, including Nestin, Sox2, Musashi-1, and the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2). AF-NSCs displayed typical morphological patterns and expressed specific markers that were consistent with neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and dopaminergic neurons after proper induction conditions. Furthermore, grafted AF-NSCs improved the physiological functions in a rat stroke model. The ability to isolate and bank human NSCs from this novel source provides a unique opportunity for translational studies of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chang
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Lin Su
- 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Feng Hsu
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jui Huang
- 2 Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Wang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chou Cheng
- 4 Stem Cell Center and Department of Education and Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Hsu
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Song Tsai
- 5 Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Cathay General Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan .,6 School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University , New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ping Chen
- 7 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mackay Memorial Hospital , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Chang
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Shine Chao
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lin-Kou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University , Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiaw-Min Hwang
- 1 Bioresource Collection and Research Center, Food Industry Research and Development Institute , Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Gato A, Alonso MI, Martín C, Carnicero E, Moro JA, De la Mano A, Fernández JMF, Lamus F, Desmond ME. Embryonic cerebrospinal fluid in brain development: neural progenitor control. Croat Med J 2015; 55:299-305. [PMID: 25165044 PMCID: PMC4157377 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2014.55.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the effort of several research teams across the world, today we have a solid base of knowledge on the liquid contained in the brain cavities, its composition, and biological roles. Although the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is among the most relevant parts of the central nervous system from the physiological point of view, it seems that it is not a permanent and stable entity because its composition and biological properties evolve across life. So, we can talk about different CSFs during the vertebrate life span. In this review, we focus on the CSF in an interesting period, early in vertebrate development before the formation of the choroid plexus. This specific entity is called “embryonic CSF.” Based on the structure of the compartment, CSF composition, origin and circulation, and its interaction with neuroepithelial precursor cells (the target cells) we can conclude that embryonic CSF is different from the CSF in later developmental stages and from the adult CSF. This article presents arguments that support the singularity of the embryonic CSF, mainly focusing on its influence on neural precursor behavior during development and in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Gato
- Ángel Gato Casado, Departamento de Anatomía y Radiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid, C/ Ramón y Cajal 7, E-47005-Valladolid, Spain,
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Kim C, Yeom KW, Iv M. Congenital brain malformations in the neonatal and early infancy period. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2015; 36:97-119. [PMID: 26001941 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Congenital brain malformations are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients who are younger than 2 years. Optimization of patient care requires accurate diagnosis, which can be challenging as congenital brain malformations include an extensive variety of anomalies. Radiologic imaging helps to identify the malformations and to guide management. Understanding radiologic findings necessitates knowledge of central nervous system embryogenesis. This review discusses the imaging of congenital brain malformations encountered in patients who are younger than 2 years in the context of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kim
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children׳s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children׳s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Iv
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University and Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA
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Hashimoto H, Robin FB, Sherrard KM, Munro EM. Sequential contraction and exchange of apical junctions drives zippering and neural tube closure in a simple chordate. Dev Cell 2015; 32:241-55. [PMID: 25625209 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Unidirectional zippering is a key step in neural tube closure that remains poorly understood. Here, we combine experimental and computational approaches to identify the mechanism for zippering in a basal chordate, Ciona intestinalis. We show that myosin II is activated sequentially from posterior to anterior along the neural/epidermal (Ne/Epi) boundary just ahead of the advancing zipper. This promotes rapid shortening of Ne/Epi junctions, driving the zipper forward and drawing the neural folds together. Cell contact rearrangements (Ne/Epi + Ne/Epi → Ne/Ne + Epi/Epi) just behind the zipper lower tissue resistance to zipper progression by allowing transiently stretched cells to detach and relax toward isodiametric shapes. Computer simulations show that measured differences in junction tension, timing of primary contractions, and delay before cell detachment are sufficient to explain the speed and direction of zipper progression and highlight key advantages of a sequential contraction mechanism for robust efficient zippering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiko Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Francois B Robin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Kristin M Sherrard
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Edwin M Munro
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Juraver-Geslin HA, Durand BC. Early development of the neural plate: new roles for apoptosis and for one of its main effectors caspase-3. Genesis 2015; 53:203-24. [PMID: 25619400 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite its tremendous complexity, the vertebrate nervous system emerges from a homogenous layer of neuroepithelial cells, the neural plate. Its formation relies on the time- and space-controlled progression of developmental programs. Apoptosis is a biological process that removes superfluous and potentially dangerous cells and is implemented through the activation of a molecular pathway conserved during evolution. Apoptosis and an unconventional function of one of its main effectors, caspase-3, contribute to the patterning and growth of the neuroepithelium. Little is known about the intrinsic and extrinsic cues controlling activities of the apoptotic machinery during development. The BarH-like (Barhl) proteins are homeodomain-containing transcription factors. The observations in Caenorhabditis elegans, Xenopus, and mice document that Barhl proteins act in cell survival and as cell type-specific regulators of a caspase-3 function that limits neural progenitor proliferation. In this review, we discuss the roles and regulatory modes of the apoptotic machinery in the development of the neural plate. We focus on the Barhl2, the Sonic Hedgehog, and the Wnt pathways and their activities in neural progenitor survival and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo A Juraver-Geslin
- Department of Basic Science, Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
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Monier B, Gettings M, Gay G, Mangeat T, Schott S, Guarner A, Suzanne M. Apico-basal forces exerted by apoptotic cells drive epithelium folding. Nature 2015; 518:245-8. [PMID: 25607361 DOI: 10.1038/nature14152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epithelium folding is a basic morphogenetic event that is essential in transforming simple two-dimensional epithelial sheets into three-dimensional structures in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Folding has been shown to rely on apical constriction. The resulting cell-shape changes depend either on adherens junction basal shift or on a redistribution of myosin II, which could be driven by mechanical signals. Yet the initial cellular mechanisms that trigger and coordinate cell remodelling remain largely unknown. Here we unravel the active role of apoptotic cells in initiating morphogenesis, thus revealing a novel mechanism of epithelium folding. We show that, in a live developing tissue, apoptotic cells exert a transient pulling force upon the apical surface of the epithelium through a highly dynamic apico-basal myosin II cable. The apoptotic cells then induce a non-autonomous increase in tissue tension together with cortical myosin II apical stabilization in the surrounding tissue, eventually resulting in epithelium folding. Together our results, supported by a theoretical biophysical three-dimensional model, identify an apoptotic myosin-II-dependent signal as the initial signal leading to cell reorganization and tissue folding. This work further reveals that, far from being passively eliminated as generally assumed (for example, during digit individualization), apoptotic cells actively influence their surroundings and trigger tissue remodelling through regulation of tissue tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Monier
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Melanie Gettings
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Gay
- DamCB, Data Analysis and Modelling for Cell Biology, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Mangeat
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Sonia Schott
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Ana Guarner
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Magali Suzanne
- 1] Université de Toulouse, UPS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France [2] CNRS, LBCMCP, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Guan Z, Wang X, Dong Y, Xu L, Zhu Z, Wang J, Zhang T, Niu B. dNTP deficiency induced by HU via inhibiting ribonucleotide reductase affects neural tube development. Toxicology 2014; 328:142-51. [PMID: 25527867 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxic chemicals in utero during the neural tube development period can cause developmental disorders. To evaluate the disruption of neural tube development programming, the murine neural tube defects (NTDs) model was induced by interrupting folate metabolism using methotrexate in our previous study. The present study aimed to examine the effects of dNTP deficiency induced by hydroxyurea (HU), a specific ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) inhibitor, during murine neural tube development. Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with various doses of HU on gestation day (GD) 7.5, and the embryos were checked on GD 11.5. RNR activity and deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) levels were measured in the optimal dose. Additionally, DNA damage was examined by comet analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. Cellular behaviors in NTDs embryos were evaluated with phosphorylation of histone H3 (PH-3) and caspase-3 using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The results showed that NTDs were observed mostly with HU treatment at an optimal dose of 225 mg/kg b/w. RNR activity was inhibited and dNTP levels were decreased in HU-treated embryos with NTDs. Additionally, increased DNA damage, decreased proliferation, and increased caspase-3 were significant in NTDs embryos compared to the controls. Results indicated that HU induced murine NTDs model by disturbing dNTP metabolism and further led to the abnormal cell balance between proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Guan
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
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Hewitt PG, Singh PK, Kumar A, Gnewuch C, Liebisch G, Schmitz G, Borlak J. A rat toxicogenomics study with the calcium sensitizer EMD82571 reveals a pleiotropic cause of teratogenicity. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 47:89-101. [PMID: 24977338 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The calcium sensitizer and PDEIII inhibitor EMD82571 caused exencephaly, micrognathia, agnathia and facial cleft in 58% of fetuses. In pursue of mechanisms and to define adverse outcome pathways pregnant Wistar rats were dosed daily with either EMD82571 (50 or 150mg/kg/day) or retinoic acid (12mg/kg/day) on gestational days 6-11 and 6-17, respectively. Hypothesis driven and whole genome microarray experiments were performed with whole embryo, maternal liver, embryonic liver and malformed bone at gestational days 12 and 20. This revealed regulation of genes critically involved in osteogenesis, odontogenesis, differentiation and development and extracellular matrix. Importantly, repression of osteocalcin and members of TGF-β/BMP signaling hampered osteo- and odontogenesis. Furthermore, EMD82571 impaired neurulation by inhibiting mid hinge point formation to cause neural tube defects. Taken collectively, a molecular rationale for the observed teratogenicity induced by EMD82571 is presented that links molecular initiating events with AOPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip G Hewitt
- Non-Clinical Safety, Merck Serono, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Prafull Kumar Singh
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Carsten Gnewuch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Gerd Schmitz
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Medical Center, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Juergen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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The maternal ITPK1 gene polymorphism is associated with neural tube defects in a high-risk Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86145. [PMID: 24465924 PMCID: PMC3896452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological surveys and animal studies have revealed that inositol metabolism is associated with NTDs, but the mechanisms are not clear. Inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase (ITPK1) is a pivotal regulatory enzyme in inositol metabolic pathway. The objective was to assess the potential impact of the maternal ITPK1 genotypes on the inositol parameter and on the NTD risk in a NTD high-risk area in China. Methodology/Results A case-control study of pregnant women affected with NTDs (n = 200) and controls (n = 320) was carried out. 13 tag SNPs of ITPK1 were selected and genotyped by the Sequenom MassArray system. We found that 4 tag SNPs were statistically significant in spina bifida group (P<0.05). MACH was used to impute the un-genotyped SNPs in ITPK1 locus and showed that 3 meaningful SNPs in the non-coding regions were significant. We also predicted the binding capacity of transcription factors in the positive SNPs using the bioinformatics method and found that only rs3783903 was located in the conserved sequence of activator protein-1 (AP-1). To further study the association between biochemical values and genotypes, maternal plasma inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) levels were also assessed using LC-MS. The maternal plasma IP6 concentrations in the spina bifida subgroup were 7.1% lower than control (136.67 vs. 147.05 ng mL−1, P<0.05), and significantly lower in rs3783903 GG genotype than others (P<0.05). EMSA showed a different allelic binding capacity of AP-1 in rs3783903, which was affected by an A→G exchange. The RT-PCR suggested the ITPK1 expression was decreased significantly in mutant-type of rs3783903 compared with wild-type in the 60 healthy pregnancies (P<0.05). Conclusions/Significance These results suggested that the maternal rs3783903 of ITPK1 might be associated with spina bifida, and the allele G of rs3783903 might affect the binding of AP-1 and the decrease of maternal plasma IP6 concentration in this Chinese population.
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Yamaguchi Y, Kuranaga E, Nakajima YI, Koto A, Takemoto K, Miura M. In Vivo Monitoring of Caspase Activation Using a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Fluorescent Probe. Methods Enzymol 2014; 544:299-325. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-417158-9.00012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Nonomura K, Yamaguchi Y, Hamachi M, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Nakazato K, Mochizuki A, Sakaue-Sawano A, Miyawaki A, Yoshida H, Kuida K, Miura M. Local Apoptosis Modulates Early Mammalian Brain Development through the Elimination of Morphogen-Producing Cells. Dev Cell 2013; 27:621-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wallingford JB, Niswander LA, Shaw GM, Finnell RH. The continuing challenge of understanding, preventing, and treating neural tube defects. Science 2013; 339:1222002. [PMID: 23449594 DOI: 10.1126/science.1222002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human birth defects are a major public health burden: The Center for Disease Control estimates that 1 of every 33 United States newborns presents with a birth defect, and worldwide the estimate approaches 6% of all births. Among the most common and debilitating of human birth defects are those affecting the formation of the neural tube, the precursor to the central nervous system. Neural tube defects (NTDs) arise from a complex combination of genetic and environmental interactions. Although substantial advances have been made in the prevention and treatment of these malformations, NTDs remain a substantial public health problem, and we are only now beginning to understand their etiology. Here, we review the process of neural tube development and how defects in this process lead to NTDs, both in humans and in the animal models that serve to inform our understanding of these processes. The insights we are gaining will help generate new intervention strategies to tackle the clinical challenges and to alleviate the personal and societal burdens that accompany these defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Wallingford
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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