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Janciauskiene S, Lechowicz U, Pelc M, Olejnicka B, Chorostowska-Wynimko J. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of human serpin family proteins. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116618. [PMID: 38678961 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
SERPIN (serine proteinase inhibitors) is an acronym for the superfamily of structurally similar proteins found in animals, plants, bacteria, viruses, and archaea. Over 1500 SERPINs are known in nature, while only 37 SERPINs are found in humans, which participate in inflammation, coagulation, angiogenesis, cell viability, and other pathophysiological processes. Both qualitative or quantitative deficiencies or overexpression and/or abnormal accumulation of SERPIN can lead to diseases commonly referred to as "serpinopathies". Hence, strategies involving SERPIN supplementation, elimination, or correction are utilized and/or under consideration. In this review, we discuss relationships between certain SERPINs and diseases as well as putative strategies for the clinical explorations of SERPINs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Janciauskiene
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St, Warsaw 01-138, Poland
| | - Urszula Lechowicz
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St, Warsaw 01-138, Poland
| | - Magdalena Pelc
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St, Warsaw 01-138, Poland
| | - Beata Olejnicka
- Department of Pulmonary and Infectious Diseases and BREATH German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joanna Chorostowska-Wynimko
- Department of Genetics and Clinical Immunology, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 26 Plocka St, Warsaw 01-138, Poland.
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Dawid M, Pich K, Mlyczyńska E, Respekta-Długosz N, Wachowska D, Greggio A, Szkraba O, Kurowska P, Rak A. Adipokines in pregnancy. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:172-269. [PMID: 38797542 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive success consists of a sequential events chronology, starting with the ovum fertilization, implantation of the embryo, placentation, and cellular processes like proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, endocrinology, or metabolic changes, which taken together finally conduct the birth of healthy offspring. Currently, many factors are known that affect the regulation and proper maintenance of pregnancy in humans, domestic animals, or rodents. Among the determinants of reproductive success should be distinguished: the maternal microenvironment, genes, and proteins as well as numerous pregnancy hormones that regulate the most important processes and ensure organism homeostasis. It is well known that white adipose tissue, as the largest endocrine gland in our body, participates in the synthesis and secretion of numerous hormones belonging to the adipokine family, which also may regulate the course of pregnancy. Unfortunately, overweight and obesity lead to the expansion of adipose tissue in the body, and its excess in both women and animals contributes to changes in the synthesis and release of adipokines, which in turn translates into dramatic changes during pregnancy, including those taking place in the organ that is crucial for the proper progress of pregnancy, i.e. the placenta. In this chapter, we are summarizing the current knowledge about levels of adipokines and their role in the placenta, taking into account the physiological and pathological conditions of pregnancy, e.g. gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, or intrauterine growth restriction in humans, domestic animals, and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dawid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Pich
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewa Mlyczyńska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Respekta-Długosz
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominka Wachowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Greggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Oliwia Szkraba
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kurowska
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Rak
- Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
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Tindall CA, Möhlis K, Rapöhn I, Dommel S, Riedl V, Schneekönig M, Höfling C, Roßner S, Stichel J, Beck-Sickinger AG, Weiner J, Heiker JT. LRP1 is the cell-surface endocytosis receptor for vaspin in adipocytes. FEBS J 2024; 291:2134-2154. [PMID: 37921063 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Vaspin is a serine protease inhibitor that protects against adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, two key drivers of adipocyte dysfunction and metabolic disorders in obesity. Inhibition of target proteases such as KLK7 has been shown to reduce adipose tissue inflammation in obesity, while vaspin binding to cell surface GRP78 has been linked to reduced obesity-induced ER stress and insulin resistance in the liver. However, the molecular mechanisms by which vaspin directly affects cellular processes in adipocytes remain unknown. Using fluorescently labeled vaspin, we found that vaspin is rapidly internalized by mouse and human adipocytes, but less efficiently by endothelial, kidney, liver, and neuronal cells. Internalization occurs by active, clathrin-mediated endocytosis, which is dependent on vaspin binding to the LRP1 receptor, rather than GRP78 as previously thought. This was demonstrated by competition experiments and RNAi-mediated knock-down in adipocytes and by rescuing vaspin internalization in LRP1-deficient Pea13 cells after transfection with a functional LRP1 minireceptor. Vaspin internalization is further increased in mature adipocytes after insulin-stimulated translocation of LRP1. Although vaspin has nanomolar affinity for LRP1 clusters II-IV, binding to cell surface heparan sulfates is required for efficient LRP1-mediated internalization. Native, but not cleaved vaspin, and also vaspin polymers are efficiently endocytosed, and ultimately targeted for lysosomal degradation. Our study provides mechanistic insight into the uptake and degradation of vaspin in adipocytes, thereby broadening our understanding of its functional repertoire. We hypothesize the vaspin-LRP1 axis to be an important mediator of vaspin effects not only in adipose tissue but also in other LRP1-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Tindall
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kevin Möhlis
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dommel
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Veronika Riedl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Schneekönig
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Corinna Höfling
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Roßner
- Paul Flechsig Institute for Brain Research, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Germany
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Sandforth L, Brachs S, Reinke J, Willmes D, Sancar G, Seigner J, Juarez-Lopez D, Sandforth A, McBride JD, Ma JX, Haufe S, Jordan J, Birkenfeld AL. Role of human Kallistatin in glucose and energy homeostasis in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101905. [PMID: 38431218 PMCID: PMC10937158 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Kallistatin (KST), also known as SERPIN A4, is a circulating, broadly acting human plasma protein with pleiotropic properties. Clinical studies in humans revealed reduced KST levels in obesity. The exact role of KST in glucose and energy homeostasis in the setting of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes is currently unknown. METHODS Kallistatin mRNA expression in human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of 47 people with overweight to obesity of the clinical trial "Comparison of Low Fat and Low Carbohydrate Diets With Respect to Weight Loss and Metabolic Effects (B-SMART)" was measured. Moreover, we studied transgenic mice systemically overexpressing human KST (hKST-TG) and wild type littermate control mice (WT) under normal chow (NCD) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. RESULTS In sWAT of people with overweight to obesity, KST mRNA increased after diet-induced weight loss. On NCD, we did not observe differences between hKST-TG and WT mice. Under HFD conditions, body weight, body fat and liver fat content did not differ between genotypes. Yet, during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests (ipGTT) insulin excursions and HOMA-IR were lower in hKST-TG (4.42 ± 0.87 AU, WT vs. 2.20 ± 0.27 AU, hKST-TG, p < 0.05). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp studies with tracer-labeled glucose infusion confirmed improved insulin sensitivity by higher glucose infusion rates in hKST-TG mice (31.5 ± 1.78 mg/kg/min, hKST-TG vs. 18.1 ± 1.67 mg/kg/min, WT, p < 0.05). Improved insulin sensitivity was driven by reduced hepatic insulin resistance (clamp hepatic glucose output: 7.7 ± 1.9 mg/kg/min, hKST-TG vs 12.2 ± 0.8 mg/kg/min, WT, p < 0.05), providing evidence for direct insulin sensitizing effects of KST for the first time. Insulin sensitivity was differentially affected in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Mechanistically, we observed reduced Wnt signaling in the liver but not in skeletal muscle, which may explain the effect. CONCLUSIONS KST expression increases after weight loss in sWAT from people with obesity. Furthermore, human KST ameliorates diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance in mice, while differentially affecting skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. Thus, KST may be an interesting, yet challenging, therapeutic target for patients with obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leontine Sandforth
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brachs
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Reinke
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Diana Willmes
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Gencer Sancar
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Judith Seigner
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Juarez-Lopez
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Arvid Sandforth
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jeffrey D McBride
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sven Haufe
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Internal Medicine IV, Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany; Institute of Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich, Tuebingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Section of Metabolic Vascular Medicine, Department of Medicine III, University Clinic Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany; Department of Diabetes, Life Sciences & Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine & Life Sciences, King's College London, UK.
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Peled A, Sprecher E. Proteolytic and Antiproteolytic Activity in the Skin: Gluing the Pieces Together. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:466-473. [PMID: 37865898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal differentiation is ultimately aimed at the formation of a functional barrier capable of protecting the organism from the environment while preventing loss of biologically vital elements. Epidermal differentiation entails a delicately regulated process of cell-cell junction formation and dissolution to enable upward cell migration and desquamation. Over the past two decades, the deciphering of the genetic basis of a number of inherited conditions has delineated the pivotal role played in this process by a series of proteases and protease inhibitors, including serpins, cathepsins, and cystatins, suggesting novel avenues for therapeutic intervention in both rare and common disorders of cornification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Chittock J, Kay L, Brown K, Cooke A, Lavender T, Cork MJ, Danby SG. Association between skin barrier development and early-onset atopic dermatitis: A longitudinal birth cohort study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:732-741.e8. [PMID: 37926123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is common during infancy; however, it is unclear whether differential skin barrier development defines this period and signals disease onset in predisposed individuals. OBJECTIVE We sought to study (NCT03143504) and assess the feasibility of remote skin testing from birth to monitor skin barrier maturation and model association with an AD diagnosis by age 12 months. METHODS Biophysical testing and infrared spectroscopy were conducted at the maternity ward and family home. Tape stripping collected samples for desquamatory protease and natural moisturizing factor analysis. The 4 common European filaggrin risk alleles were screened. RESULTS A total of 128 infants completed the study, with 20% developing mild disease. Significant changes in permeability barrier function, desquamatory protease activity, and molecular composition assessed spectroscopically were observed longitudinally, but only subtle evidence of differential skin barrier development was noted between infant subgroups. Common filaggrin risk alleles were strongly associated with early-onset disease and conferred a significant reduction in natural moisturizing factor and water content by age 4 weeks. Accounting for a family history of atopy, these parameters alongside a greater lipid/protein ratio and reduced chymotrypsin-like activity at birth were associated with AD. Measured in ambient conditions, transepidermal water loss did not signal disease risk at any stage. CONCLUSIONS Skin barrier dysfunction lacked an acquired modality but was considered proportional to cohort severity and suggests that a portfolio of tests used in a community setting has the potential to improve current AD risk evaluations from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Chittock
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda Kay
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Cooke
- Centre for NMAHP Research and Education Excellence, University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, Royal Stoke University Hospital and School of Nursing and Midwifery, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Tina Lavender
- Centre for Childbirth, Women's and Newborn Health, Department of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Paediatric Dermatology Clinic, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon G Danby
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, Division of Clinical Medicine, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Wang HH, Chong M, Perrot N, Feiner J, Hess S, Yusuf S, Gerstein H, Paré G, Pigeyre M. Vaspin: A Novel Biomarker Linking Gluteofemoral Body Fat and Type 2 Diabetes Risk. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:259-266. [PMID: 38055934 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels and whether vaspin predicts type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, through epidemiological and genetic analyses. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We assessed the relationship of plasma vaspin concentration with incident and prevalent T2D and adiposity-related variables in 1) the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) biomarker substudy (N = 10,052) and 2) the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial (N = 7,840), using regression models. We then assessed whether vaspin is causally associated with T2D and whether genetic variants associated with MRI-measured adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). RESULTS A 1-SD increase in circulating vaspin levels was associated with a 16% increase in incident T2D in the PURE cohort (hazard ratio 1.16; 95% CI 1.09-1.23; P = 4.26 × 10-7) and prevalent T2D in the ORIGIN cohort (odds ratio [OR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.07-1.25; P = 2.17 × 10-4). A 1-unit increase in BMI and triglyceride levels was associated with a 0.08-SD (95% CI 0.06-0.10; P = 2.04 × 10-15) and 0.06-SD (95% CI 0.04-0.08; P = 4.08 × 10-13) increase, respectively, in vaspin in the PURE group. Consistent associations were observed in the ORIGIN cohort. MR results reinforced the association between vaspin and BMI-adjusted T2D risk (OR 1.01 per 1-SD increase in vaspin level; 95% CI 1.00-1.02; P = 2.86 × 10-2) and showed that vaspin was increased by 0.10 SD per 1-SD decrease in genetically determined gluteofemoral adiposity (95% CI 0.02-0.18; P = 2.01 × 10-2). No relationships were found between subcutaneous or visceral adiposity and vaspin. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that higher vaspin levels are related to increased T2D risk and reduced gluteofemoral adiposity, positioning vaspin as a promising clinical predictor for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Hezhou Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Chong
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicolas Perrot
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Feiner
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sibylle Hess
- Global Medical Diabetes, Sanofi, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hertzel Gerstein
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Gilani A, Stoll L, Homan EA, Lo JC. Adipose Signals Regulating Distal Organ Health and Disease. Diabetes 2024; 73:169-177. [PMID: 38241508 PMCID: PMC10796297 DOI: 10.2337/dbi23-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Excessive adiposity in obesity is a significant risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and other cardiometabolic diseases. An unhealthy expansion of adipose tissue (AT) results in reduced adipogenesis, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, adipocyte hypoxia, chronic low-grade inflammation, increased macrophage infiltration, and insulin resistance. This ultimately culminates in AT dysfunction characterized by decreased secretion of antidiabetic adipokines such as adiponectin and adipsin and increased secretion of proinflammatory prodiabetic adipokines including RBP4 and resistin. This imbalance in adipokine secretion alters the physiological state of AT communication with target organs including pancreatic β-cells, heart, and liver. In the pancreatic β-cells, adipokines are known to have a direct effect on insulin secretion, gene expression, cell death, and/or dedifferentiation. For instance, impaired secretion of adipsin, which promotes insulin secretion and β-cell identity, results in β-cell failure and T2D, thus presenting a potential druggable target to improve and/or preserve β-cell function. The cardiac tissue is affected by both the classic white AT-secreted adipokines and the newly recognized brown AT (BAT)-secreted BATokines or lipokines that alter lipid deposition and ventricular function. In the liver, adipokines affect hepatic gluconeogenesis, lipid accumulation, and insulin sensitivity, underscoring the importance of adipose-liver communication in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. In this perspective, we outline what is currently known about the effects of individual adipokines on pancreatic β-cells, liver, and the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Gilani
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lisa Stoll
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Edwin A. Homan
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - James C. Lo
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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Wu Z, Yuan R, Gu Q, Wu X, Gu L, Ye X, Zhou Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Chen X. Parasitoid Serpins Evolve Novel Functions to Manipulate Host Homeostasis. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad269. [PMID: 38061001 PMCID: PMC10735303 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitoids introduce various virulence factors when parasitism occurs, and some taxa generate teratocytes to manipulate the host immune system and metabolic homeostasis for the survival and development of their progeny. Host-parasitoid interactions are extremely diverse and complex, yet the evolutionary dynamics are still poorly understood. A category of serpin genes, named CvT-serpins, was discovered to be specifically expressed and secreted by the teratocytes of Cotesia vestalis, an endoparasitoid of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the C. vestalis serpin genes are duplicated and most of them are clustered into 1 monophyletic clade. Intense positive selection was detected at the residues around the P1-P1' cleavage sites of the Cv-serpin reactive center loop domain. Functional analyses revealed that, in addition to the conserved function of melanization inhibition (CvT-serpins 1, 16, 18, and 21), CvT-serpins exhibited novel functions, i.e. bacteriostasis (CvT-serpins 3 and 5) and nutrient metabolism regulation (CvT-serpins 8 and 10). When the host-parasitoid system is challenged with foreign bacteria, CvT-serpins act as an immune regulator to reprogram the host immune system through sustained inhibition of host melanization while simultaneously functioning as immune effectors to compensate for this suppression. In addition, we provided evidence that CvT-serpin8 and 10 participate in the regulation of host trehalose and lipid levels by affecting genes involved in these metabolic pathways. These findings illustrate an exquisite tactic by which parasitoids win out in the parasite-host evolutionary arms race by manipulating host immune and nutrition homeostasis via adaptive gene evolution and neofunctionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruizhong Yuan
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qijuan Gu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Gu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Ye
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhizhi Wang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- The Rural Development Academy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Pestel J, Blangero F, Watson J, Pirola L, Eljaafari A. Adipokines in obesity and metabolic-related-diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:48-59. [PMID: 37068579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of leptin in the 1990s led to a reconsideration of adipose tissue (AT) as not only a fatty acid storage organ, but also a proper endocrine tissue. AT is indeed capable of secreting bioactive molecules called adipokines for white AT or batokines for brown/beige AT, which allow communication with numerous organs, especially brain, heart, liver, pancreas, and/or the vascular system. Adipokines exert pro or anti-inflammatory activities. An equilibrated balance between these two sets ensures homeostasis of numerous tissues and organs. During the development of obesity, AT remodelling leads to an alteration of its endocrine activity, with increased secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines relative to the anti-inflammatory ones, as shown in the graphical abstract. Pro-inflammatory adipokines take part in the initiation of local and systemic inflammation during obesity and contribute to comorbidities associated to obesity, as detailed in the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Pestel
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Ferdinand Blangero
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Julia Watson
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Luciano Pirola
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Assia Eljaafari
- INSERM U1060-CarMeN /Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1/INRAE/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1: Laboratoire CarMeN, 165 chemin du Grand Revoyet, CHLS, 69310 Pierre Bénite, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon: 2 quai des Célestins, 69001 Lyon, France.
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11
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Arwood ML, Sun IH, Patel CH, Sun IM, Oh MH, Bettencourt IA, Claiborne MD, Chan-Li Y, Zhao L, Waickman AT, Mavrothalassitis O, Wen J, Aja S, Powell JD. Serendipitous Discovery of T Cell-Produced KLK1b22 as a Regulator of Systemic Metabolism. Immunohorizons 2023; 7:493-507. [PMID: 37358498 PMCID: PMC10580127 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2300016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to study mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin's role in T cell differentiation, we generated mice in which Rheb is selectively deleted in T cells (T-Rheb-/- C57BL/6J background). During these studies, we noted that T-Rheb-/- mice were consistently heavier but had improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity as well as a marked increase in beige fat. Microarray analysis of Rheb-/- T cells revealed a marked increase in expression of kallikrein 1-related peptidase b22 (Klk1b22). Overexpression of KLK1b22 in vitro enhanced insulin receptor signaling, and systemic overexpression of KLK1b22 in C57BL/6J mice also enhances glucose tolerance. Although KLK1B22 expression was markedly elevated in the T-Rheb-/- T cells, we never observed any expression in wild-type T cells. Interestingly, in querying the mouse Immunologic Genome Project, we found that Klk1b22 expression was also increased in wild-type 129S1/SVLMJ and C3HEJ mice. Indeed, both strains of mice demonstrate exceptionally improved glucose tolerance. This prompted us to employ CRISPR-mediated knockout of KLK1b22 in 129S1/SVLMJ mice, which in fact led to reduced glucose tolerance. Overall, our studies reveal (to our knowledge) a novel role for KLK1b22 in regulating systemic metabolism and demonstrate the ability of T cell-derived KLK1b22 to regulate systemic metabolism. Notably, however, further studies have revealed that this is a serendipitous finding unrelated to Rheb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Arwood
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Hong Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chirag H. Patel
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Im-Meng Sun
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Min-Hee Oh
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ian A. Bettencourt
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michael D. Claiborne
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yee Chan-Li
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Liang Zhao
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Adam T. Waickman
- State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Orestes Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Anesthesia, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jiayu Wen
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan Aja
- Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan D. Powell
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney-Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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12
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Würfel M, Blüher M, Stumvoll M, Ebert T, Kovacs P, Tönjes A, Breitfeld J. Adipokines as Clinically Relevant Therapeutic Targets in Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051427. [PMID: 37239098 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines provide an outstanding role in the comprehensive etiology of obesity and may link adipose tissue dysfunction to further metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Although several adipokines have been identified in terms of their physiological roles, many regulatory circuits remain unclear and translation from experimental studies to clinical applications has yet to occur. Nevertheless, due to their complex metabolic properties, adipokines offer immense potential for their use both as obesity-associated biomarkers and as relevant treatment strategies for overweight, obesity and metabolic comorbidities. To provide an overview of the current clinical use of adipokines, this review summarizes clinical studies investigating the potential of various adipokines with respect to diagnostic and therapeutic treatment strategies for obesity and linked metabolic disorders. Furthermore, an overview of adipokines, for which a potential for clinical use has been demonstrated in experimental studies to date, will be presented. In particular, promising data revealed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-19, FGF-21 and leptin offer great potential for future clinical application in the treatment of obesity and related comorbidities. Based on data from animal studies or other clinical applications in addition to obesity, adipokines including adiponectin, vaspin, resistin, chemerin, visfatin, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) provide potential for human clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Würfel
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Leipzig and the University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstr. 18, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Pilarski Ł, Pelczyńska M, Koperska A, Seraszek-Jaros A, Szulińska M, Bogdański P. Association of Serum Vaspin Concentration with Metabolic Disorders in Obese Individuals. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030508. [PMID: 36979443 PMCID: PMC10046748 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin, a molecule produced in visceral adipose tissue, seems to participate in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. The study aimed to determine the association of vaspin concentration with metabolic disorders in obese individuals. Forty obese patients and twenty normal-weight subjects underwent biochemical (fasting glucose, insulin, lipid profile, interleukin-6, hs-CRP, vaspin concentration), blood pressure, and anthropometric measurements. The HOMA-IR index was calculated. Serum vaspin concentrations in the obese group were significantly higher than in the control group (0.82 ± 0.62 vs. 0.43 ± 0.59; p < 0.001). Among the entire population, vaspin concentration was positively correlated with body weight, BMI, WHR, and the percentage and mass of adipose tissue. Positive correlations between vaspin concentration and triglyceride level, insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR value were found. Vaspin concentration was positively correlated with hs-CRP and IL-6 levels. In obese patients, positive correlations between vaspin concentration and the percentage of adipose tissue and hs-CRP level were demonstrated. Logistic regression analysis showed that increased BMI was the biggest factor stimulating vaspin concentrations (OR = 8.5; 95% CI: 1.18–61.35; p = 0.0338). An elevated vaspin level may imply its compensatory role against metabolic disorders in obese patients. Thus, vaspin appears to be a useful diagnostic parameter for new therapeutic approaches in obesity-related complications. Nevertheless, due to the small sample size, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pilarski
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Pelczyńska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-693-049-981
| | - Anna Koperska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70 Street, 60-812 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Szulińska
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Bogdański
- Chair and Department of Treatment of Obesity, Metabolic Disorders and Clinical Dietetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szamarzewskiego 84 Street, 60-569 Poznań, Poland
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14
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Dhankhar S, Chauhan S, Mehta DK, Saini K, Saini M, Das R, Gupta S, Gautam V. Novel targets for potential therapeutic use in Diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:17. [PMID: 36782201 PMCID: PMC9926720 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-00983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Future targets are a promising prospect to overcome the limitation of conventional and current approaches by providing secure and effective treatment without compromising patient compliance. Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing problem that has been raised worldwide, from 4% to 6.4% (around 285 million people) in past 30 years. This number may increase to 430 million people in the coming years if there is no better treatment or cure is available. Ageing, obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the key reasons for the worsening of this disease. It always had been a vital challenge, to explore new treatment which could safely and effectively manage diabetes mellitus without compromising patient compliance. Researchers are regularly trying to find out the permanent treatment of this chronic and life threatening disease. In this journey, there are various treatments available in market to manage diabetes mellitus such as insulin, GLP-1 agonist, biguanides, sulphonyl ureas, glinides, thiazolidinediones targeting the receptors which are discovered decade before. PPAR, GIP, FFA1, melatonin are the recent targets that already in the focus for developing new therapies in the treatment of diabetes. Inspite of numerous preclinical studies very few clinical data available due to which this process is in its initial phase. The review also focuses on the receptors like GPCR 119, GPER, Vaspin, Metrnl, Fetuin-A that have role in insulin regulation and have potential to become future targets in treatment for diabetes that may be effective and safer as compared to the conventional and current treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanchit Dhankhar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Mehta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Kamal Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Rina Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed To Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinod Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, India
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15
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Rapöhn I, Elias I, Weiner J, Pujol A, Kehr S, Chadt A, Al-Hasani H, Burkhardt R, Klöting N, Stumvoll M, Bosch F, Kovacs P, Heiker JT, Breitfeld J. Overexpressing high levels of human vaspin limits high fat diet-induced obesity and enhances energy expenditure in a transgenic mouse. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1146454. [PMID: 37152954 PMCID: PMC10154460 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1146454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance are hallmarks in the development of metabolic diseases resulting from overweight and obesity, such as type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In obesity, adipocytes predominantly secrete proinflammatory adipokines that further promote adipose tissue dysfunction with negative effects on local and systemic insulin sensitivity. Expression of the serpin vaspin (SERPINA12) is also increased in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but exhibits compensatory roles in inflammation and insulin resistance. This has in part been demonstrated using vaspin-transgenic mice. We here report a new mouse line (h-vaspinTG) with transgenic expression of human vaspin in adipose tissue that reaches vaspin concentrations three orders of magnitude higher than wild type controls (>200 ng/ml). Phenotyping under chow and high-fat diet conditions included glucose-tolerance tests, measurements of energy expenditure and circulating parameters, adipose tissue and liver histology. Also, ex vivo glucose uptake in isolated adipocytes and skeletal muscle was analyzed in h-vaspinTG and littermate controls. The results confirmed previous findings, revealing a strong reduction in diet-induced weight gain, fat mass, hyperinsulinemia, -glycemia and -cholesterolemia as well as fatty liver. Insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and muscle was not altered. The h-vaspinTG mice showed increased energy expenditure under high fat diet conditions, that may explain reduced weight gain and overall metabolic improvements. In conclusion, this novel human vaspin-transgenic mouse line will be a valuable research tool to delineate whole-body, tissue- and cell-specific effects of vaspin in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Rapöhn
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivet Elias
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Pujol
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephanie Kehr
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ralph Burkhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fatima Bosch
- Center of Animal Biotechnology and Gene Therapy (CBATEG) and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: John T. Heiker, ; Jana Breitfeld,
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- *Correspondence: John T. Heiker, ; Jana Breitfeld,
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Sahu B, Bal NC. Adipokines from white adipose tissue in regulation of whole body energy homeostasis. Biochimie 2023; 204:92-107. [PMID: 36084909 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diseases originating from altered energy homeostasis including obesity, and type 2 diabetes are rapidly increasing worldwide. Research in the last few decades on animal models and humans demonstrates that the white adipose tissue (WAT) is critical for energy balance and more than just an energy storage site. WAT orchestrates the whole-body metabolism through inter-organ crosstalk primarily mediated by cytokines named "Adipokines". The adipokines influence metabolism and fuel selection of the skeletal muscle and liver thereby fine-tuning the load on WAT itself in physiological conditions like starvation, exercise and cold. In addition, adipokine secretion is influenced by various pathological conditions like obesity, inflammation and diabetes. In this review, we have surveyed the current state of knowledge on important adipokines and their significance in regulating energy balance and metabolic diseases. Furthermore, we have summarized the interplay of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adipokines in the modulation of pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijayashree Sahu
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
| | - Naresh C Bal
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024, India.
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17
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The Role of Selected Serpins in Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11206225. [PMID: 36294546 PMCID: PMC9604722 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11206225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, which are a diverse group of malignant diseases, represent a major healthcare problem around the world. Due to the lack of specific symptoms in the early stages as well as insufficient diagnostic possibilities, these malignancies occupy the leading position in the causes of death worldwide. The currently available tests have too many limitations to be part of routine diagnostics. Therefore, new potential biomarkers that could be used as diagnostic and prognostic factors for these cancers are still being sought. Among the proteins that might fit this role are serpins, which are serine protease inhibitors. Although the serpins themselves have been known for many years, they have recently become the centre of attention for many authors, especially due to the fact that a number of proteins in this family are involved in many stages of neoplasia formation, from angiogenesis through tumour growth to progression. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present the current knowledge about the significance of serpins in GI malignancies, especially their involvement in the development and progression of oesophageal, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers. This review summarises and confirms the important roles of selected serpins in the pathogenesis of various GI cancers and also points to their promising roles as therapeutic targets. However, due to the relatively nonspecific nature of serpins, future research should be carried out to elucidate the mechanisms involved in tumour pathogenesis in more detail.
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18
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The Complex Roles of Adipokines in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Endometriosis. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102503. [PMID: 36289764 PMCID: PMC9598769 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis are frequent diseases of the female reproductive tract causing high morbidity as they can significantly affect fertility and quality of life. Adipokines are pleiotropic signaling molecules secreted by white or brown adipose tissues with a central role in energy metabolism. More recently, their involvement in PCOS and endometriosis has been demonstrated. In this review article, we provide an update on the role of adipokines in both diseases and summarize previous findings. We also address the results of multi-omics approaches in adipokine research to examine the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding for adipokines and their receptors, the secretome of adipocytes and to identify epigenetic alterations of adipokine genes that might be conferred from mother to child. Finally, we address novel data on the role of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which seems to have notable effects on PCOS. For this review, original research articles on adipokine actions in PCOS and endometriosis are considered, which are listed in the PubMed database.
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Polat SHB, Dariyerli ND. A Physiological Approach to Inflammatory Markers in Obesity. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the most critical health problems all over the world; it is
associated with metabolic dysfunction and overnutrition. Changes in the physiological
function of adipose tissue, leading to altered secretion of adipocytokines, inflammatory
mediators release, and chronic low-grade inflammation, are seen in obesity.
Macrophages, neutrophils, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, B cells, natural killer T (NKT)
cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and adipocytes are involved in the inflammatory response
that occurs during obesity. Various inflammatory markers are released from these cells.
In this chapter, we will mention inflammatory mechanisms and markers of obesity.
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20
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Vaspin Alleviates Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Injury and Cardiac Inflammation by Inhibiting Kallikrein 7 in Mice. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2022:1149582. [PMID: 35873711 PMCID: PMC9307398 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1149582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaspin is an important adipokine that is involved in cardiovascular diseases. This study is aimed at investigating whether vaspin participates in sepsis-induced cardiac injury and explored the possible mechanism. Methods First, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were used to establish a mouse model of sepsis, and cardiac vaspin expression was examined. In addition, after pretreatment with vaspin or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), wild-type (WT) mice underwent CLP to establish a septic model and received sham as a control. Finally, WT mice and kallikrein 7 (KLK7-/-) mice were underwent CLP with or without vaspin pretreatment. Results Mice that underwent CLP and were administered LPS exhibited increased vaspin expression in both the heart and serum compared with sham- or saline-treated mice. In CLP mice, pretreatment with vaspin reduced mortality and alleviated the expression of cardiac injury markers and cardiac dysfunction. In addition, vaspin reduced the cardiac levels of CD45+ cells and CD68+ cells, alleviated the cardiac inflammatory response, and reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. The protective effects of vaspin on CLP mice were masked by the deletion of KLK7, which was demonstrated to be a downstream signal of vaspin. Conclusions Vaspin alleviates cardiac inflammation and plays a protective role in sepsis-induced cardiac injury by reducing KLK7 expression.
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New Aspects of Corpus Luteum Regulation in Physiological and Pathological Conditions: Involvement of Adipokines and Neuropeptides. Cells 2022; 11:cells11060957. [PMID: 35326408 PMCID: PMC8946127 DOI: 10.3390/cells11060957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The corpus luteum is a small gland of great importance because its proper functioning determines not only the appropriate course of the estrous/menstrual cycle and embryo implantation, but also the subsequent maintenance of pregnancy. Among the well-known regulators of luteal tissue functions, increasing attention is focused on the role of neuropeptides and adipose tissue hormones—adipokines. Growing evidence points to the expression of these factors in the corpus luteum of women and different animal species, and their involvement in corpus luteum formation, endocrine function, angiogenesis, cells proliferation, apoptosis, and finally, regression. In the present review, we summarize the current knowledge about the expression and role of adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, apelin, vaspin, visfatin, chemerin, and neuropeptides like ghrelin, orexins, kisspeptin, and phoenixin in the physiological regulation of the corpus luteum function, as well as their potential involvement in pathologies affecting the luteal cells that disrupt the estrous cycle.
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22
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Babaei P, Hoseini R. Exercise training modulates adipokines dysregulations in metabolic syndrome. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 4:18-28. [PMID: 35782776 PMCID: PMC9219261 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for various metabolic diseases, and it is characterized by central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance. The core component for MetS is adipose tissue, which releases adipokines and influences physical health. Adipokines consist of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and contribute to various physiological functions. Generally, a sedentary lifestyle promotes fat accumulation and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines. However, regular exercise has been known to exert various beneficial effects on metabolic and cognitive disorders. Although the mechanisms underlying exercise beneficial effects in MetS are not fully understood, changes in energy expenditure, fat accumulation, circulatory level of myokines, and adipokines might be involved. This review article focuses on some of the selected adipokines in MetS, and their responses to exercise training considering possible mechanisms. Adipokines are a potential link between visceral fats and complications of MetS. Physical inactivity increases pro-inflammatory adipokines. Moderate aerobic exercise increases anti-inflammatory adipokines partly via reducing adipose tissue mass. Physical exercise-induced myokines might mediate beneficial effects via a cross-talk with adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Babaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
- Corresponding author. Cellular & Molecular Research Center, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Sports Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
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23
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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Jung HN, Jung CH. The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Disorders: Moving beyond Adiponectin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413529. [PMID: 34948320 PMCID: PMC8707770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of obesity has multiplied owing to its rapidly growing prevalence and obesity-related morbidity and mortality. In addition to the classic role of depositing extra energy, adipose tissue actively interferes with the metabolic balance by means of secreting bioactive compounds called adipokines. While most adipokines give rise to inflammatory conditions, the others with anti-inflammatory properties have been the novel focus of attention for the amelioration of cardiometabolic complications. This review compiles the current evidence on the roles of anti-inflammatory adipokines, namely, adiponectin, vaspin, the C1q/TNF-related protein (CTRP) family, secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), and omentin-1 on cardiometabolic health. Further investigations on the mechanism of action and prospective human trials may pave the way to their clinical application as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Na Jung
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Chang Hee Jung
- Asan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea;
- Asan Diabetes Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence:
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A. Tindall C, Erkner E, Stichel J, G. Beck-Sickinger A, Hoffmann A, Weiner J, T. Heiker J. Cleavage of the vaspin N-terminus releases cell-penetrating peptides that affect early stages of adipogenesis and inhibit lipolysis in mature adipocytes. Adipocyte 2021; 10:216-231. [PMID: 33866927 PMCID: PMC8078822 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1910154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaspin expression and function is related to metabolic disorders and comorbidities of obesity. In various cellular and animal models of obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis vaspin has shown beneficial, protective and/or compensatory action. While testing proteases for inhibition by vaspin, we noticed specific cleavage within the vaspin N-terminus and sequence analysis predicted cell-penetrating activity for the released peptides. These findings raised the question whether these proteolytic peptides exhibit biological activity. We synthesized various N-terminal vaspin peptides to investigate cell-penetrating activity and analyse uptake mechanisms. Focusing on adipocytes, we performed microarray analysis and functional assays to elucidate biological activities of the vaspin–derived peptide, which is released by KLK7 cleavage (vaspin residues 21-30; VaspinN). Our study provides first evidence that proteolytic processing of the vaspin N-terminus releases cell-penetrating and bioactive peptides with effects on adipocyte biology. The VaspinN peptide increased preadipocyte proliferation, interfered with clonal expansion during the early stage of adipogenesis and blunted adrenergic cAMP-signalling, downstream lipolysis as well as insulin signalling in mature adipocytes. Protease-mediated release of functional N-terminal peptides presents an additional facet of vaspin action. Future studies will address the mechanisms underlying the biological activities and clarify, if vaspin-derived peptides may have potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A. Tindall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Estelle Erkner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Stichel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juliane Weiner
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T. Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Review: Vaspin (SERPINA12) Expression and Function in Endocrine Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071710. [PMID: 34359881 PMCID: PMC8307435 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper functioning of the body depends on hormonal homeostasis. White adipose tissue is now known as an endocrine organ due to the secretion of multiple molecules called adipokines. These proteins exert direct effects on whole body functions, including lipid metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, and reproduction, whereas changes in their level are linked with pathological events, such as infertility, diabetes, and increased food intake. Vaspin-visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor, or SERPINA12 according to serpin nomenclature, is an adipokine discovered in 2005 that is connected to the development of insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. A significantly higher amount of vaspin was observed in obese patients. The objective of this review was to summarize the latest findings about vaspin expression and action in endocrine tissues, such as the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adipose tissue, thyroid, ovary, placenta, and testis, as well as discuss the link between vaspin and pathologies connected with hormonal imbalance.
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27
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Metabolic Syndrome: the Influence of Adipokines on the L-Arginine-NO Synthase-Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2021-6.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome includes the following symptoms: obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of adipokines in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthas-NO signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. The main questions raised in the review are: how adipokine secretion changes, how the level of their receptors is regulated, and which signaling pathways are involved in the transmission of adipokine signals when coupled to the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO signaling cascade. Adipokines are peptide hormones that transmit a signal from adipose tissue to targets in the brain, blood vessels, liver, pancreas, muscles, and other tissues. Some adipokines have anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitive effects: adiponectin, omentin, adipolin, chemerin, progranulin. Others have the negative inflammatory effect in the development ofmetabolic syndrome: visfatin, vaspin, apelin. Adipokines primarily regulate the expression and activity of endothelial NO-synthase. They either activate an enzyme involving 5-AMP protein kinase or Akt kinase, increasing its activity and synthesis of NO in the tissues of healthy patients: adiponectin, adipolin, omentin, or inhibit the activity of eNOS, which leads to a decrease in NO-synthase and suppression of mRNA bioavailability: vaspin, visfatin, apelin in metabolic syndrome, and a decrease in its activity leads to dissociation and endothelial dysfunction. It should be noted that the bioavailability of NO formed by NO-synthase is affected at many levels, including: the expression ofNO-synthase mRNA and its protein; the concentration of L-arginine; the level of cofactors of the reaction; and to detect the maximum activity of endothelial NO-synthase, dimerization of the enzyme is required, posttranslational modifications are important, in particular, phosphorylation of endothelial NO-synthase by serine 1177 with the participation of 5-AMP protein kinase, Akt kinase and other kinases. It should be noted that the participation of adiponectin, omentin, and kemerin in the regulation of the L-arginine-NO-synthase-NO cascade in metabolic syndrom opens up certain opportunities for the development of new approaches for the correction of disorders observed in this disease. The review analyzes the results of research searching in PubMed databases, starting from 2001 and up to 2020 using keywords and adipokine names, more than half of the references of the last 5 years.
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Mkaouar H, Mariaule V, Rhimi S, Hernandez J, Kriaa A, Jablaoui A, Akermi N, Maguin E, Lesner A, Korkmaz B, Rhimi M. Gut Serpinome: Emerging Evidence in IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116088. [PMID: 34200095 PMCID: PMC8201313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are incurable disorders whose prevalence and global socioeconomic impact are increasing. While the role of host genetics and immunity is well documented, that of gut microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly being studied. However, the molecular basis of the dialogue between the gut microbiota and the host remains poorly understood. Increased activity of serine proteases is demonstrated in IBD patients and may contribute to the onset and the maintenance of the disease. The intestinal proteolytic balance is the result of an equilibrium between the proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Interestingly, the serine protease inhibitors (serpins) encoded by the host are well reported; in contrast, those from the gut microbiota remain poorly studied. In this review, we provide a concise analysis of the roles of serine protease in IBD physiopathology and we focus on the serpins from the gut microbiota (gut serpinome) and their relevance as a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Vincent Mariaule
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Soufien Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Juan Hernandez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Nantes-Atlantic College of Veterinary Medicine and Food Sciences (Oniris), University of Nantes, 101 Route de Gachet, 44300 Nantes, France;
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Amin Jablaoui
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nizar Akermi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Uniwersytet Gdanski, Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, PL80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Brice Korkmaz
- INSERM UMR-1100, “Research Center for Respiratory Diseases” and University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France;
| | - Moez Rhimi
- Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal Team (MIHA), Micalis Institute, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (H.M.); (V.M.); (S.R.); (A.K.); (A.J.); (N.A.); (E.M.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Dommel S, Hoffmann A, Berger C, Kern M, Klöting N, Kannt A, Blüher M. Effects of Whole-Body Adenylyl Cyclase 5 ( Adcy5) Deficiency on Systemic Insulin Sensitivity and Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4353. [PMID: 33919448 PMCID: PMC8122634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified adenylyl cyclase type 5 (ADCY5) as candidate gene for diabetes-related quantitative traits and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Mice with a whole-body deletion of Adcy5 (Adcy5-/-) do not develop obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, have improved cardiac function and increased longevity. Here, we investigated Adcy5 knockout mice (Adcy5-/-) to test the hypothesis that changes in adipose tissue (AT) may contribute to the reported healthier phenotype. In contrast to previous reports, we found that deletion of Adcy5 did not confer any physiological or biochemical benefits. However, this unexpected finding allowed us to investigate the effects of Adcy5 depletion on AT independently of lower body weight and a metabolically healthier phenotype. Adcy5-/- mice exhibited an increased number of smaller adipocytes, lower mean adipocyte size and a distinct AT gene expression pattern with midline 1 (Mid1) as the most significantly downregulated gene compared to control mice. Our Adcy5-/- model challenges previously described beneficial effects of Adcy5 deficiency and suggests that targeting Adcy5 does not improve insulin sensitivity and may therefore limit the relevance of ADCY5 as potential drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Dommel
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Claudia Berger
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
| | - Matthias Kern
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Nora Klöting
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Aimo Kannt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
- Experimental Pharmacology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
- Sanofi Diabetes Research and Development, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Center, Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.D.); (C.B.); (N.K.)
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (A.H.); (M.K.)
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Morral N, Liu S, Conteh AM, Chu X, Wang Y, Dong XC, Liu Y, Linnemann AK, Wan J. Aberrant gene expression induced by a high fat diet is linked to H3K9 acetylation in the promoter-proximal region. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2021; 1864:194691. [PMID: 33556624 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2021.194691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, with an estimated global prevalence of 1 in 4 individuals. Aberrant transcriptional control of gene expression is central to the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to gene dysregulation are not well understood. Histone modifications play important roles in the control of transcription. Acetylation of histone 3 at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) is associated with transcriptional activity and is implicated in transcript elongation by controlling RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pause-release. Hence, changes in this histone modification may shed information on novel pathways linking transcription control and metabolic dysfunction. Here, we carried out genome-wide analysis of H3K9ac in the liver of mice fed a control or a high-fat diet (an animal model of NAFLD), and asked whether this histone mark associates with changes in gene expression. We found that over 70% of RNAPII peaks in promoter-proximal regions overlapped with H3K9ac, consistent with a role of H3K9ac in the regulation of transcription. When comparing high-fat with control diet, approximately 17% of the differentially expressed genes were associated with changes in H3K9ac in their promoters, showing a strong correlation between changes in H3K9ac signal and gene expression. Overall, our data indicate that in response to a high-fat diet, dysregulated gene expression of a subset of genes may be attributable to changes in transcription elongation driven by H3K9ac. Our results point at an added mechanism of gene regulation that may be important in the development of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Morral
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America.
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Abass M Conteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Xiaona Chu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - X Charlie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States of America
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Role of Kallikrein 7 in Body Weight and Fat Mass Regulation. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020131. [PMID: 33572949 PMCID: PMC7912635 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma and adipose tissue protease activity is observed in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. It has been proposed that specific proteases contribute to the link between obesity, adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic diseases. We have recently shown that ablation of the serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (Klk7) specifically in adipose tissue preserves systemic insulin sensitivity and protects mice from obesity-related AT inflammation. Here, we investigated whether whole body Klk7 knockout (Klk7-/-) mice develop a phenotype distinct from that caused by reduced Klk7 expression in adipose tissue. Compared to littermate controls, Klk7-/- mice gain less body weight and fat mass both under chow and high fat diet (HFD) feeding, are hyper-responsive to exogenous insulin and exhibit preserved adipose tissue function due to adipocyte hyperplasia and lower inflammation. Klk7-/- mice exhibit increased adipose tissue thermogenesis, which is not related to altered thyroid function. These data strengthen our recently proposed role of Klk7 in the regulation of body weight, energy metabolism, and obesity-associated adipose tissue dysfunction. The protective effects of Klk7 deficiency in obesity are likely linked to a significant limitation of adipocyte hypertrophy. In conclusion, our data indicate potential application of specific KLK7 inhibitors to regulate KLK7 activity in the development of obesity and counteract obesity-associated inflammation and metabolic diseases.
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Grzelak T, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Dutkiewicz A, Mikulska AA, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Slopien A, Czyzewska K, Paszynska E. Vaspin (but not neuropeptide B or neuropeptide W) as a possible predictor of body weight normalization in anorexia nervosa. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:376-381. [PMID: 33747273 PMCID: PMC7959059 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.74969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to evaluate the correlation between the nutritional status of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and levels of vaspin (VASP), neuropeptide B (NPB), neuropeptide W (NPW) and total antioxidant status (TAS). MATERIAL AND METHODS Ninety serum samples collected from 30 teenage female patients during the acute stage of AN and 30 healthy persons (CONTR) were subjected to biochemical analysis; patients with AN were examined at the beginning of the study (AN-I) and after hospitalization (AN-II), as a result of which partial stabilization of anthropometric measurements was achieved (an increase of body mass index (BMI) by 3.5 kg/m2). RESULTS Vaspin levels dropped at the end of the hospitalization (compared to AN-I, p < 0.05), achieving values comparable to the CONTR; moreover there was a positive correlation between VASP level and the achieved body weight in AN-II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were also noted with regard to VASP vs. NPB in AN-I (p < 0.02) (and AN-II, p < 0.013), as well as in the case of VASP vs. NPW in the same groups (p < 0.02 and p < 0.015, respectively). NPB concentration was higher in AN-I (p < 0.05) and AN-II (p < 0.018) than in CONTR, whereas there were no differences (p > 0.05) with regard to levels of VASP, NPW, or TAS. CONCLUSIONS The high level of NPB despite treatment and normalization of VASP level may suggest that there are chronic neuroendocrine disorders at play in anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Grzelak
- Department of Physiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aniceta Ada Mikulska
- Division of Biology of Civilization-Linked Diseases, Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Krystyna Czyzewska
- Division of Biology of Civilization-Linked Diseases, Department of Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Community Dentistry Section, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
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Petrova E, Hovnanian A. Advances in understanding of Netherton syndrome and therapeutic implications. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2020.1857724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Petrova
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
| | - Alain Hovnanian
- Laboratory of genetic skin diseases, Université de Paris, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR1163, Paris, France
- Departement of Genetics, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Can Figen C, Noyan T, Özdemir Ö. The investigation effect of weight loss on serum vaspin, apelin-13, and obestatin levels in obese individual. TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/tjb-2019-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
It was aimed to investigate if there were any significant corresponding changes on adipokine levels in obese subjects who achieved a 10% reduction in body weight.
Methods
Thirty obese and 25 healthy adults were enrolled in present study, and serum levels of vaspin, apelin-13, obestatin, and insulin were determined with the ELISA method.
Results
The serum obestatin and apelin-13 values of the obese group obtained as basal and after weight loss was significantly lower than in controls (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); however, weight loss did not cause significant changes on these parameters in obese groups (p>0.05). The vaspin level did not differ between the groups (p>0.05). The obese group had characterized increased serum insulin and insulin resistance assessment by the homeostatic assay (HOMA-IR) levels compared to controls (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively); also, weight loss caused a significant decrease in these parameters compared to basal levels (p<0.01). No significant correlation was detected among the vaspin, apelin-13 and obestatin levels in the obese group (p>0.05).
Conclusions
Obese individuals exhibited decreased levels of apelin-13 and obestatin. Moreover, 10% weight loss caused a significant reduction of insulin resistance, but no significant change was detected on apelin-13, obestatin, and vaspin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cansu Can Figen
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Tevfik Noyan
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine , Department of Biochemistry , Ordu , Turkey
| | - Özlem Özdemir
- Ordu University , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Ordu , Turkey
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Taheri E, Hosseini S, Qorbani M, Mirmiran P. Association of adipocytokines with lipid and glycemic profiles in women with normal weight obesity. BMC Endocr Disord 2020; 20:171. [PMID: 33198735 PMCID: PMC7670687 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-020-00648-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with normal weight obesity (NWO) are predisposed to having cardiometabolic disorders. This study aims to investigate the circulating levels of vaspin, leptin and their association with glycemic and lipid profiles in women with NWO. METHODS Forty women with body mass index (BMI) = 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and fat mass (FM) ≥ 30% were assigned in the NWO group. Thirty age-matched women with identical BMI range, and FM < 30% (normal weight non-obese; NWNO) were considered as a control group. In addition to anthropometric measurements, glycemic and lipid profiles and circulating levels of leptin and vaspin were measured. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of participants was 28.76 ± 4.76 years in the NWO group and 29.23 ± 4.50 years in the control group. The NWO group had the higher mean serum levels of insulin (9.02 ± 4.75 vs. 6.24 ± 2.51, P = 0.009), leptin (17.31 ± 8.10 vs. 9.94 ± 4.30, P < 0.001) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (33.77 ± 20.71 vs. 23.48 ± 10.03, P = 0.009) compared to the NWNO group. The serum level of vaspin was higher in the NWO group compared to the control group (34.82 pg/ml vs. 27.72 pg/ml, respectively, P = 0.12). In NWO group, the serum levels of leptin had positive correlation with FBS (r = 0.45, P = 0.02), insulin (r = 0.51, P = 0.008), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.46, P = 0.02) and vaspin concentration was associated with insulin (r = 0.36, P = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (r = 0.30, P = 0.06), positively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that the concentration of insulin and HOMA-IR index were significantly higher in women with NWO compared to NWNO. Higher concentrations of leptin and vaspin in the NWO group were associated with glycemic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsaneh Taheri
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, 19839-63113, Iran.
| | - Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Scientists and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Recinella L, Orlando G, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Leone S. Adipokines: New Potential Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Metabolic, Rheumatic, and Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:578966. [PMID: 33192583 PMCID: PMC7662468 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.578966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including hormones, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and growth and vasoactive factors. A wide body of evidence showed that adipokines play a critical role in various biological and physiological functions, among which feeding modulation, inflammatory and immune function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and blood pressure control. The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of several adipokines, including leptin, diponectin, resistin, chemerin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), vaspin, omentin, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), secreted frizzled-related protein 5 (SFRP5), C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), family with sequence similarity to 19 member A5 (FAM19A5), wingless-type inducible signaling pathway protein-1 (WISP1), progranulin (PGRN), nesfatin-1 (nesfatin), visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT, apelin, retinol binding protein 4 (RPB4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in the regulation of insulin resistance and vascular function, as well as many aspects of inflammation and immunity and their potential role in managing obesity-associated diseases, including metabolic, osteoarticular, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Gabriele d’Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
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Novel Monomeric Fungal Subtilisin Inhibitor from a Plant-Pathogenic Fungus, Choanephora cucurbitarum: Isolation and Molecular Characterization. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:AEM.01818-20. [PMID: 32887713 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01818-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial protease inhibitor domains known as Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitors (SSI) are rarely found in fungi. Genome analysis of a fungal pathogen, Choanephora cucurbitarum KUS-F28377, revealed 11 SSI-like domains that are horizontally transferred and sequentially diverged during evolution. We investigated the molecular function of fungal SSI-like domains of C. cucurbitarum, designated "choanepins." Among the proteins tested, only choanepin9 showed inhibitory activity against subtilisin as the target protease, accounting for 47% of the inhibitory activity of bacterial SSI. However, the binding affinity (expressed as the dissociation constant [Kd ]) of choanepin9 measured via microscale thermophoresis was 21 nM, whereas that for bacterial SSI is 34 nM. The trend of binding and inhibitory activity suggests that the two inhibitors exhibit different inhibitory mechanisms for subtilisin protease. Interestingly, choanepin9 was identified as a monomer in studies in vitro, whereas bacterial SSI is a homodimer. Based on these observations, we constructed a monomeric bacterial SSI protein with decreased binding affinity to abrogate its inhibitory activity. By altering the reactive sites of choanepin9 deduced from the P1 and P4 sites of bacterial SSI, we reestablished that these residues in choanepins are also crucial for modulating inhibitory activity. These findings suggest that the fungal SSI evolved to target specific cognate proteases by altering the residues involved in inhibitory reactivity (reactive sites) and binding affinity (structural integrity). The function of fungal SSI proteins identified in this study provides not only a clue to fungal pathogenesis via protease inhibition but also a template for the design of novel serine protease inhibitors.IMPORTANCE Until recently, Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitors (SSI) were reported and characterized only in bacteria. We found SSI-like domains in a plant-pathogenic fungus, Choanephora cucurbitarum KUS-F28377, which contains 11 sequentially diverged SSI-like domains. None of these fungal SSI-like domains were functionally characterized before. The active form of fungal SSI-like protein is a monomer, in contrast to the homodimeric bacterial SSI. We constructed a synthetic monomer of bacterial SSI to demonstrate the modulation of its activity based on structural integrity and not reactive sites. Our results suggest the duplication and divergence of SSI-like domains of C. cucurbitarum within the genome to inhibit various cognate proteases during evolution by modulating both binding and reactivity. The molecular functional characterization of fungal SSI-like domains will be useful in understanding their biological role and future biotechnological applications.
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Arab JP, Cabrera D, Sehrawat TS, Jalan-Sakrikar N, Verma VK, Simonetto D, Cao S, Yaqoob U, Leon J, Freire M, Vargas JI, De Assuncao TM, Kwon JH, Guo Y, Kostallari E, Cai Q, Kisseleva T, Oh Y, Arrese M, Huebert RC, Shah VH. Hepatic stellate cell activation promotes alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through Igfbp3 and SerpinA12. J Hepatol 2020; 73:149-160. [PMID: 32087348 PMCID: PMC7305991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Steatohepatitis drives fibrogenesis in alcohol-related liver disease. Recent studies have suggested that hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) may regulate the parenchymal cell injury and inflammation that precedes liver fibrosis, although the mechanism remains incompletely defined. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and synectin are membrane proteins implicated in HSC activation. In this study, we disrupted NRP-1 and synectin as models to evaluate the role of HSC activation on the development of steatohepatitis in response to alcohol feeding in mice. METHODS Mice with HSC-selective deletion of NRP (ColCre/Nrp1loxP) or synectin (ColCre/synectinloxP) vs. paired Nrp1loxP or synectinloxP mice were fed a control diet or the chronic/binge alcohol feeding model. Several markers of steatosis and inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS ColCre/Nrp1loxP mice showed less fibrosis, as expected, but also less inflammation and steatosis, with lower hepatic triglyceride content. Similar results were observed in the synectin model. Hepatocytes treated with supernatant of HSCs from ColCre/Nrp1loxP mice compared to supernatant from Nrp1loxP mice were protected against ethanol-induced lipid droplet formation. An adipokine and inflammatory protein array from the supernatant of HSCs with NRP-1 knockdown showed a significant reduction in Igfbp3 (a major insulin-like growth factor-binding protein with multiple metabolic functions) and an increase in SerpinA12 (a serine-protease inhibitor) secretion compared to wild-type HSCs. Recombinant Igfbp3 induced lipid droplets, triglyceride accumulation, and lipogenic genes in hepatocytes in vitro, while SerpinA12 was protective against ethanol-induced steatosis. Finally, Igfbp3 was increased, and SerpinA12 was decreased in serum and liver tissue from patients with alcoholic hepatitis. CONCLUSION Selective deletion of NRP-1 from HSCs attenuates alcohol-induced steatohepatitis through regulation of Igfbp3 and SerpinA12 signaling. LAY SUMMARY Hepatic stellate cells are known for their role in fibrosis (scarring of the liver). In this study, we describe their role in the modulation of fat deposition and inflammation in the liver, which occurs secondary to alcohol damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Arab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Universidad Bernardo O Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tejasav S. Sehrawat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Vikas K. Verma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Douglas Simonetto
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sheng Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Usman Yaqoob
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jonathan Leon
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariela Freire
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose I. Vargas
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jung H. Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Enis Kostallari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tatiana Kisseleva
- Department of Surgery, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Youngman Oh
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert C. Huebert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Hanke S, Tindall CA, Pippel J, Ulbricht D, Pirotte B, Reboud-Ravaux M, Heiker JT, Sträter N. Structural Studies on the Inhibitory Binding Mode of Aromatic Coumarinic Esters to Human Kallikrein-Related Peptidase 7. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5723-5733. [PMID: 32374603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The serine protease kallikrein-related peptidase 7 (KLK7) is a member of the human tissue kallikreins. Its dysregulation leads to pathophysiological inflammatory processes in the skin. Furthermore, it plays a role in several types of cancer. For the treatment of KLK7-associated diseases, coumarinic esters have been developed as small-molecule enzyme inhibitors. To characterize the inhibition mode of these inhibitors, we analyzed structures of the inhibited protease by X-ray crystallography. Electron density shows the inhibitors covalently attached to His57 of the catalytic triad. This confirms the irreversible character of the inhibition process. Upon inhibitor binding, His57 undergoes an outward rotation; thus, the catalytic triad of the protease is disrupted. Besides, the halophenyl moiety of the inhibitor was absent in the final enzyme-inhibitor complex due to the hydrolysis of the ester linkage. With these results, we analyze the structural basis of KLK7 inhibition by the covalent attachment of aromatic coumarinic esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Hanke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catherine A Tindall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Pippel
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Ulbricht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, INSERM, Adaptation biologique et Vieillissement, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 19, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at Leipzig University and University Hospital Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Kastl SP, Katsaros KM, Krychtiuk KA, Jägersberger G, Kaun C, Huber K, Wojta J, Speidl WS. The adipokine vaspin is associated with decreased coronary in-stent restenosis in vivo and inhibits migration of human coronary smooth muscle cells in vitro. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232483. [PMID: 32392256 PMCID: PMC7213727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention represents the most important treatment modality of coronary artery stenosis. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is still a limitation for the long-term outcome despite the introduction of drug eluting stents. It has been shown that adipokines directly influence vessel wall homeostasis by influencing the function of endothelial cells and arterial smooth muscle cells. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin vaspin was recently identified as a member of serine protease inhibitor family and serveral studies could demonstrate a relation to metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate a role of vaspin in the development of in-stent restenosis in vivo and on migration of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells in vitro. METHODS We studied 85 patients with stable coronary artery disease who underwent elective and successful PCI with implatation of drug eluting stents. Blood samples were taken directly before PCI. Vaspin plasma levels were measured by specific ELISA. ISR was evaluated eight months later by coronary angiography. Human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration was analyzed by an in-vitro migration assay with different concentrations (0.004ng/mL up to 40ng/mL) of vaspin as well as by an scratch assay. For proliferation an impedance measurement with specialiced E-Plates was performed. RESULTS During the follow up period, 14 patients developed ISR. Patients with ISR had significantly lower vaspin plasma levels compared to patients without ISR (0.213 ng/ml vs 0.382 ng/ml; p = 0.001). In patients with plasma vaspin levels above 1.35 ng/ml we could not observe any restenosis. There was also a significant correlation of plasma vaspin levels and late lumen loss in the stented coronary segments. Further we could demonstrate that vaspin nearly abolishes serum induced migration of HCASMC (100% vs. 9%; p<0.001) in a biphasic manner but not migration of HUVEC. Proliferation of HCASMC and HUVEC was not modulated by vaspin treatment. CONCLUSION We were able to show that the adipokine vaspin selectively inhibits human coronary SMC migration in vitro and has no effect on HUVEC migration. Vaspin had no effect on proliferation of HUVEC which is an important process of the healing of the stented vessel. In addition, the occurrence of ISR after PCI with implantation of drug eluting stents was significantly associated with low vaspin plasma levels before intervention. Determination of vaspin plasma levels before PCI might be helpful in the identification of patients with high risk for development of ISR after stent implantation. In addition, the selective effects of vaspin on smooth muscle cell migration could potentially be used to reduce ISR without inhibition of re-endothelialization of the stented segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan P. Kastl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina M. Katsaros
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konstantin A. Krychtiuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christoph Kaun
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology and Emergency Medicine), Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Walter S. Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Membrane Phospholipids and Polyphosphates as Cofactors and Binding Molecules of SERPINA12 (vaspin). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081992. [PMID: 32344508 PMCID: PMC7221550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is a member of the serpin family and has been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose tolerance, insulin stability as well as adipose tissue inflammation, parameters seriously affected by obesity. Some of these effects require inhibition of target proteases such as kallikrein 7(KLK7) and many studies have demonstrated vaspin-mediated activation of intracellular signaling cascades in various cells and tissues. So far, little is known about the exact mechanism how vaspin may trigger these intracellular signaling events. In this study, we investigated and characterized the interaction of vaspin with membrane lipids and polyphosphates as well as their potential regulatory effects on serpin activity using recombinant vaspin and KLK7 proteins and functional protein variants thereof. Here, we show for the first time that vaspin binds to phospholipids and polyphosphates with varying effects on KLK7 inhibition. Vaspin binds strongly to monophosphorylated phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsP) with no effect on vaspin activation. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) measurements revealed high-affinity binding to polyphosphate 45 (KD: 466 ± 75 nM) and activation of vaspin in a heparin-like manner. Furthermore, we identified additional residues in the heparin binding site in β-sheet A by mutating five basic residues resulting in complete loss of high-affinity heparin binding. Finally, using lipid overlay assays, we show that these residues are additionally involved in PtdInsP binding. Phospholipids play a major role in membrane trafficking and signaling whereas polyphosphates are procoagulant and proinflammatory agents. The identification of phospholipids and polyphosphates as binding partners of vaspin will contribute to the understanding of vaspins involvement in membrane trafficking, signaling and beneficial effects associated with obesity.
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Mohamad J, Sarig O, Malki L, Rabinowitz T, Assaf S, Malovitski K, Shkury E, Mayer T, Vodo D, Peled A, Daniely D, Pavlovsky M, Shomron N, Samuelov L, Sprecher E. Loss-of-Function Variants in SERPINA12 Underlie Autosomal Recessive Palmoplantar Keratoderma. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2178-2187. [PMID: 32247861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inherited palmoplantar keratodermas refer to a large and heterogeneous group of conditions resulting from abnormal epidermal differentiation and featuring thickening of the skin of the palms and soles. Here, we aimed at delineating the genetic basis of an autosomal recessive form of palmoplantar keratodermas manifesting with erythematous hyperkeratotic plaques over the palms and soles, extending to non-palmoplantar areas. Whole-exome sequencing in affected individuals revealed homozygous nonsense variants in the SERPINA12 gene. SERPINA12 encodes the visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin A12, a serine protease inhibitor. The pathogenic variants were found to result in reduced visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin A12 expression in patients' skin biopsies in comparison to healthy controls. In addition, SERPINA12 downregulation in three-dimensional skin equivalents was associated with marked epidermal acanthosis and hyperkeratosis, replicating the human phenotype. Moreover, decreased SERPINA12 expression resulted in reduced visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin A12-mediated inhibition of kallikrein 7 activity as well as decreased levels of desmoglein-1 and corneodesmosin, two known kallikrein 7 substrates, which are required for normal epidermal differentiation. The present data, taken collectively, demarcate a unique type of autosomal recessive palmoplantar keratodermas, attribute to visceral adipose tissue-derived serpin A12 a role in skin biology, and emphasize the importance of mechanisms regulating proteolytic activity for normal epidermal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janan Mohamad
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Liron Malki
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tom Rabinowitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Sari Assaf
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Kiril Malovitski
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eden Shkury
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Talia Mayer
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dan Vodo
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alon Peled
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Daniely
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mor Pavlovsky
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Liat Samuelov
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Division of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Human Molecular Genetics & Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Rathwa N, Parmar N, Palit SP, Patel R, Ramachandran AV, Begum R. Intron specific polymorphic site of vaspin gene along with vaspin circulatory levels can influence pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Life Sci 2020; 243:117285. [PMID: 31926241 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaspin, an insulin-sensitizing adipokine, has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study aimed to investigate the distribution of genotypes and high-risk alleles of vaspin genetic variants (rs77060950 G/T and rs2236242 A/T), in Gujarat subpopulation (India). Genomic DNA isolated from PBMCs was used to genotype vaspin polymorphisms by PCR-RFLP and ARMS-PCR from 502 controls and 478 patients. RNA isolated from visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of 22 controls and 20 patients was used to assess vaspin transcript levels by qPCR while the vaspin titre of the subjects was assayed using ELISA. Phenotypic characteristics of Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), BMI and plasma lipid profile were estimated and analyzed for the genotype-phenotype correlation. We identified a significant association of rs2236242 A/T with T2D as the TT genotype conferred a 3.087-fold increased risk. The TT genotype showed association with increased FBG, BMI and Triglycerides levels. Increased GA, GT and TA haplotype frequencies, decreased VAT transcript and vaspin protein levels in T2D patients was observed, which were further negatively correlated with FBG and BMI. In conclusion, rs2274907 A/T polymorphism is strongly associated with reduced vaspin transcript and protein levels, and related metabolic alterations that may play a role in the advancement of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirali Rathwa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Nishant Parmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Sayantani Pramanik Palit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - Roma Patel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India
| | - A V Ramachandran
- Division of Life Science, School of Sciences, Navrachana University, Vadodara 391 410, Gujarat, India
| | - Rasheedunnisa Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara 390 002, Gujarat, India.
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Skonieczna M, Hudy D, Hejmo T, Buldak RJ, Adamiec M, Kukla M. The adipokine vaspin reduces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-3B) cells, associated with lower levels of NO and superoxide anion. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 20:58. [PMID: 31511067 PMCID: PMC6737690 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-019-0334-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among adipose-derived factors, adipocytokines play roles as hormones and signaling mediators for apoptotic pathway. Among of them, vaspin, regulates the metabolism of adipose tissue itself as an endocrine organ, and stimulates adipocytes to maturation, differentiation, etc. Damaged adipocytes, present in obesity and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) respond with over-production of inflammatory cytokines. Such pro-inflammatory stimulation remains under adipokine control. Pro-inflammatory pathways are connected to oxidative stress and apoptosis, reported as co-existing with an elevated level of some adipokines in cancer cell lines. However, some hormones, such as vaspin, reduce apoptosis, have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative roles in cancer cell lines. METHODS Hep-3B cells were cytometrically evaluated under vaspin treatment for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosiss induction. The statistical significant changes to the untreated controls was calculated by T-tests (indicated at value p < 0.05). RESULTS Here we studied the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in cells of HCC line Hep-3B after vaspin treatment. A decreased level of nitric oxide and superoxide anion 24 h after vaspin addition at 5 ng/ml was correlated with restricted, to the physiological level, apoptosis. A protective role of vaspin was displayed as enhanced cell viability and proliferation, which could be a poor prognostic in liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS Apoptosis was suppressed after vaspin treatment, together with low levels of nitric oxide and superoxide anions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Skonieczna
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hejmo
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Rafal J. Buldak
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Silesia, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Jordana 19, 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Adamiec
- Systems Engineering Group, Silesian University of Technology, Institute of Automatic Control, 16 Akademicka Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Michal Kukla
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Li J, Li Q, Zhu YC, Wang YK, Gao CP, Li XY, Ji T, Bai SJ. Association of vaspin rs2236242 gene variants with type 2 diabetes and obesity in a Chinese population: A prospective, single-center study. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16097-16101. [PMID: 30786009 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM Vaspin is an adipokine separated from visceral fat tissues of obese diabetic rats. This study was to investigate the association between vaspin rs2236242 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or obesity in a Chinese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS T2DM patients and nondiabetic controls were recruited from Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University (Shanghai, China) from May 1, 2015 to June 30, 2017. Clinicopathologic characteristics were recorded and their blood samples were collected. Serum vaspin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and vaspin rs2236242 genotypes by tetra-amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Two hundred and ninety-nine patients with T2DM and 311 controls were recruited at last. The vaspin genotypes of diabetic patients were distinct from nondiabetic controls (χ 2 = 54.611, p < 0.0001). Genotyping revealed that T2DM patients have a greater prevalence of A allele compared with controls (61.9% vs. 42.1%, p < 0.0001). A allele was associated with an increased risk of T2DM (odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.773-2.804, p < 0.0001) compared with T allele. The genotype distribution did not differ among nondiabetic subjects with or without obesity. The serum vaspin levels were higher in T2DM patients and obese controls than the nonobese controls, however, the rs2236242 was not found to be significantly related to serum vaspin levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed the association between vaspin rs2236242 gene variants with obesity and T2DM in a Chinese population. People with rs2236242 A allele had a 2.23-fold increased risk of T2DM. These findings suggest that vaspin rs2236242 may serve as a potential diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Urology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Ying-Chun Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong-Pu Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou-Jun Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Abdel-Fadeil MR, Abd Allah ES, Iraqy HM, Elgamal DA, Abdel-Ghani MA. Experimental obesity and diabetes reduce male fertility: Potential involvement of hypothalamic Kiss-1, pituitary nitric oxide, serum vaspin and visfatin. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2019; 26:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Mkaouar H, Akermi N, Kriaa A, Abraham AL, Jablaoui A, Soussou S, Mokdad-Gargouri R, Maguin E, Rhimi M. Serine protease inhibitors and human wellbeing interplay: new insights for old friends. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7224. [PMID: 31531264 PMCID: PMC6718151 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) control tightly regulated physiological processes and their dysfunction is associated to various diseases. Thus, increasing interest is given to these proteins as new therapeutic targets. Several studies provided functional and structural data about human serpins. By comparison, only little knowledge regarding bacterial serpins exists. Through the emergence of metagenomic studies, many bacterial serpins were identified from numerous ecological niches including the human gut microbiota. The origin, distribution and function of these proteins remain to be established. In this report, we shed light on the key role of human and bacterial serpins in health and disease. Moreover, we analyze their function, phylogeny and ecological distribution. This review highlights the potential use of bacterial serpins to set out new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héla Mkaouar
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nizar Akermi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Aicha Kriaa
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Amin Jablaoui
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Souha Soussou
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Eukaryotes, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Emmanuelle Maguin
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Moez Rhimi
- INRA, UMR1319 MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France, AgroParisTech, UMR MICALIS, Jouy-en-Josas, France
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49
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Adipose Tissue-Derived Signatures for Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Adipokines, Batokines and MicroRNAs. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060854. [PMID: 31208019 PMCID: PMC6617388 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
: Obesity is one of the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is closely related to metabolic disturbances in the adipose tissue that primarily functions as a fat reservoir. For this reason, adipose tissue is considered as the primary site for initiation and aggravation of obesity and T2DM. As a key endocrine organ, the adipose tissue communicates with other organs, such as the brain, liver, muscle, and pancreas, for the maintenance of energy homeostasis. Two different types of adipose tissues-the white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT)-secrete bioactive peptides and proteins, known as "adipokines" and "batokines," respectively. Some of them have beneficial anti-inflammatory effects, while others have harmful inflammatory effects. Recently, "exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs)" were identified as novel adipokines, as adipose tissue-derived exosomal miRNAs can affect other organs. In the present review, we discuss the role of adipose-derived secretory factors-adipokines, batokines, and exosomal miRNA-in obesity and T2DM. It will provide new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in disturbances of adipose-derived factors and will support the development of adipose-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets for obesity and T2DM.
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50
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Ulbricht D, Tindall CA, Oertwig K, Hanke S, Sträter N, Heiker JT. Kallikrein-related peptidase 14 is the second KLK protease targeted by the serpin vaspin. Biol Chem 2019; 399:1079-1084. [PMID: 29494334 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidases KLK5, KLK7 and KLK14 are important proteases in skin desquamation and aberrant KLK activity is associated with inflammatory skin diseases such as Netherton syndrome but also with various serious forms of cancer. Previously, we have identified KLK7 as the first protease target of vaspin (Serpin A12). Here, we report KLK14 as a second KLK protease to be inhibited by vaspin. In conclusion, vaspin represents a multi-specific serpin targeting the kallikrein proteases KLK7 and KLK14, with distinct exosites regulating recognition of these target proteases and opposing effects of heparin binding on the inhibition reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ulbricht
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catherine A Tindall
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Oertwig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hanke
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John T Heiker
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Leipzig University, Brüderstrasse 34, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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