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Gao K, Liu M, Tang H, Ma Z, Pan H, Zhang X, Inam M, Shan X, Gao Y, Wang G. Downregulation of miR-1388 Regulates the Expression of Antiviral Genes via Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ( TNFR)-Associated Factor 3 Targeting Following poly(I:C) Stimulation in Silver Carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Biomolecules 2024; 14:694. [PMID: 38927097 PMCID: PMC11201635 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved endogenous single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression to maintain normal physiological functions in fish. Nevertheless, the specific physiological role of miRNAs in lower vertebrates, particularly in comparison to mammals, remains elusive. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the control of antiviral responses triggered by viral stimulation in fish are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the regulatory impact of miR-1388 on the signaling pathway mediated by IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Our findings revealed that following stimulation with the viral analog poly(I:C), the expression of miR-1388 was significantly upregulated in primary immune tissues and macrophages. Through a dual luciferase reporter assay, we corroborated a direct targeting relationship between miR-1388 and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor 3 (TRAF3). Furthermore, our study demonstrated a distinct negative post-transcriptional correlation between miR-1388 and TRAF3. We observed a significant negative post-transcriptional regulatory association between miR-1388 and the levels of antiviral genes following poly(I:C) stimulation. Utilizing reporter plasmids, we elucidated the role of miR-1388 in the antiviral signaling pathway activated by TRAF3. By intervening with siRNA-TRAF3, we validated that miR-1388 regulates the expression of antiviral genes and the production of type I interferons (IFN-Is) through its interaction with TRAF3. Collectively, our experiments highlight the regulatory influence of miR-1388 on the IRF3-mediated signaling pathway by targeting TRAF3 post poly(I:C) stimulation. These findings provide compelling evidence for enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms through which fish miRNAs participate in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (K.G.); (M.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (H.P.); (X.Z.); (M.I.); (X.S.)
| | - Guiqin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (K.G.); (M.L.); (H.T.); (Z.M.); (H.P.); (X.Z.); (M.I.); (X.S.)
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2
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Yao Z, Liang M, Zhu S. Infectious factors in myocarditis: a comprehensive review of common and rare pathogens. Egypt Heart J 2024; 76:64. [PMID: 38789885 PMCID: PMC11126555 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-024-00493-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocarditis is a significant health threat today, with infectious agents being the most common cause. Accurate diagnosis of the etiology of infectious myocarditis is crucial for effective treatment. MAIN BODY Infectious myocarditis can be caused by viruses, prokaryotes, parasites, and fungi. Viral infections are typically the primary cause. However, some rare opportunistic pathogens can also damage heart muscle cells in patients with immunodeficiencies, neoplasms and those who have undergone heart surgery. CONCLUSIONS This article reviews research on common and rare pathogens of infectious myocarditis, emphasizing the complexity of its etiology, with the aim of helping clinicians make an accurate diagnosis of infectious myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Yao
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qindao, China.
| | - Mingjun Liang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Shanghai Six People's Hospital Affilicated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Simin Zhu
- Wuhan Third Hospital-Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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3
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Rani P, George B, V S, Biswas S, V M, Pal A, Rajmani RS, Das S. MicroRNA-22-3p displaces critical host factors from the 5' UTR and inhibits the translation of Coxsackievirus B3 RNA. J Virol 2024; 98:e0150423. [PMID: 38289119 PMCID: PMC10883805 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01504-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is known to cause acute myocarditis and pancreatitis in humans. We investigated the microRNAs (miRNAs) that can potentially govern the viral life cycle by binding to the untranslated regions (UTRs) of CVB3 RNA. MicroRNA-22-3p was short-listed, as its potential binding site overlapped with the region crucial for recruiting internal ribosome entry site trans-acting factors (ITAFs) and ribosomes. We demonstrate that miR-22-3p binds CVB3 5' UTR, hinders recruitment of key ITAFs on viral mRNA, disrupts the spatial structure required for ribosome recruitment, and ultimately blocks translation. Likewise, cells lacking miR-22-3p exhibited heightened CVB3 infection compared to wild type, confirming its role in controlling infection. Interestingly, miR-22-3p level was found to be increased at 4 hours post-infection, potentially due to the accumulation of viral 2A protease in the early phase of infection. 2Apro enhances the miR-22-3p level to dislodge the ITAFs from the SD-like sequence, rendering the viral RNA accessible for binding of replication factors to switch to replication. Furthermore, one of the cellular targets of miR-22-3p, protocadherin-1 (PCDH1), was significantly downregulated during CVB3 infection. Partial silencing of PCDH1 reduced viral replication, demonstrating its proviral role. Interestingly, upon CVB3 infection in mice, miR-22-3p level was found to be downregulated only in the small intestine, the primary target organ, indicating its possible role in influencing tissue tropism. It appears miR-22-3p plays a dual role during infection by binding viral RNA to aid its life cycle as a viral strategy and by targeting a proviral protein to restrict viral replication as a host response.IMPORTANCECVB3 infection is associated with the development of end-stage heart diseases. Lack of effective anti-viral treatments and vaccines for CVB3 necessitates comprehensive understanding of the molecular players during CVB3 infection. miRNAs have emerged as promising targets for anti-viral strategies. Here, we demonstrate that miR-22-3p binds to 5' UTR and inhibits viral RNA translation at the later stage of infection to promote viral RNA replication. Conversely, as host response, it targets PCDH1, a proviral factor, to discourage viral propagation. miR-22-3p also influences CVB3 tissue tropism. Deciphering the multifaced role of miR-22-3p during CVB3 infection unravels the necessary molecular insights, which can be exploited for novel intervening strategies to curb infection and restrict viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Rani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Biju George
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sabarishree V
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Somarghya Biswas
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Madhurya V
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Apala Pal
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
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4
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Chatterjee B, Sarkar M, Bose S, Alam MT, Chaudhary AA, Dixit AK, Tripathi PP, Srivastava AK. MicroRNAs: Key modulators of inflammation-associated diseases. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:364-373. [PMID: 36670037 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a multifaceted biological and pathophysiological response to injuries, infections, toxins, and inflammatory mechanisms that plays a central role in the progression of various diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, 19-25 nucleotides long, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional repression. In this review, we highlight the recent findings related to the significant roles of miRNAs in regulating various inflammatory cascades and immunological processes in the context of many lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. We also converse on how miRNAs can have a dual impact on inflammatory responses, suggesting that regulation of their functions for therapeutic purposes may be disease-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilash Chatterjee
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mrinmoy Sarkar
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Subhankar Bose
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Md Tanjim Alam
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSUI), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Prem Prakash Tripathi
- Cell Biology & Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amit Kumar Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, WB, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Grodzka O, Procyk G, Wrzosek M. A Narrative Review of Preclinical In Vitro Studies Investigating microRNAs in Myocarditis. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1413-1423. [PMID: 38392209 PMCID: PMC10887635 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization's statement, myocarditis is an inflammatory myocardium disease. Although an endometrial biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard, it is an invasive procedure, and thus, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging has become more widely used and is called a non-invasive diagnostic gold standard. Myocarditis treatment is challenging, with primarily symptomatic therapies. An increasing number of studies are searching for novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that decrease gene expression by inhibiting the translation or promoting the degradation of complementary mRNAs. Their role in different fields of medicine has been recently extensively studied. This review discusses all relevant preclinical in vitro studies regarding microRNAs in myocarditis. We searched the PubMed database, and after excluding unsuitable studies and clinical and preclinical in vivo trials, we included and discussed 22 preclinical in vitro studies in this narrative review. Several microRNAs presented altered levels in myocarditis patients in comparison to healthy controls. Moreover, microRNAs influenced inflammation, cell apoptosis, and viral replication. Finally, microRNAs were also found to determine the level of myocardial damage. Further studies may show the vital role of microRNAs as novel therapeutic agents or diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in myocarditis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Grodzka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Warsaw, 80 Ceglowska St., 01-809 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 81 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Procyk
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 81 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1A Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wrzosek
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, 1 Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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6
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Wang L, Sun T, Liu X, Wang Y, Qiao X, Chen N, Liu F, Zhou X, Wang H, Shen H. Myocarditis: A multi-omics approach. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117752. [PMID: 38184138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Myocarditis, an inflammatory condition of weakened heart muscles often triggered by a variety of causes, that can result in heart failure and sudden death. Novel ways to enhance our understanding of myocarditis pathogenesis is available through newer modalities (omics). In this review, we examine the roles of various biomolecules and associated functional pathways across genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. Our analysis further explores the reproducibility and variability intrinsic to omics studies, underscoring the necessity and significance of employing a multi-omics approach to gain profound insights into myocarditis pathogenesis. This integrated strategy not only enhances our understanding of the disease, but also confirms the critical importance of a holistic multi-omics approach in disease analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaorong Qiao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangqian Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Wu Q, Huang C, Chen R, Li D, Zhang G, Yu H, Li Y, Song B, Zhang N, Li B, Chu X. Transcriptional and functional analysis of plasma exosomal microRNAs in acute viral myocarditis. Genomics 2024; 116:110775. [PMID: 38163573 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess the differential expression profiles of exosome-derived microRNA (miRNA) and reveal their potential functions in patients with acute viral myocarditis (AVMC). MATERIALS & METHODS Peripheral blood samples were collected from 9 patients diagnosed with AVMC and 9 healthy controls (HC) in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 2021 to September 2022. The exosomal miRNA expression were tested using RNA high-throughput sequencing. We conducted the GO and KEGG functional analysis to predict the potential molecular, biological functions and related signaling pathways of miRNAs in exosomes. Target genes of exosomal miRNAs were predicted and miRNA-target gene network was mapped using gene databases. Differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were selected and their expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to verify the sequencing results. RESULTS P < 0.05 and Fold Change>2 were considered as cut-off value to screen miRNAs that were differently expressed. This study identified 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated exosome-derived miRNAs. GO and KEGG analysis showed that differentially expressed miRNAs may be related to β-catenin binding, DNA transcription activities, ubiquitin ligase, PI3K-Akt, FoxO, P53, MAPK, and etc.. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted using gene databases. Real-time PCR confirmed the upregulation of hsa-miR-548a-3p and downregulation of hsa-miR-500b-5p in AVMC. CONCLUSIONS Hsa-miR-548a-3p and hsa-miR-500b-5p could serve as a promising biomarker of AVMC. Exosomal miRNAs may have substantial roles in the mechanisms of AVMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinchao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ruolan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daisong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Haichu Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bingxue Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Qingdao University, 266071 Qingdao, China; Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Haici Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xianming Chu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266100, China; The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China.
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8
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Cai X, Zhou T, Shi W, Cai Y, Zhou J. Monkeypox Virus Crosstalk with HIV: An Integrated Skin Transcriptome and Machine Learning Study. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:47283-47294. [PMID: 38107964 PMCID: PMC10720282 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of the monkeypox virus (MPXV) outbreak presents a formidable challenge to human health. Emerging evidence suggests that individuals with HIV have been disproportionately affected by MPXV, with adverse clinical outcomes and higher mortality rates. However, the shared molecular mechanisms underlying MPXV and HIV remain elusive. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from two public data sets, GSE219036 and GSE184320, and extracted common DEGs between MPXV and HIV. We further performed gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), protein-protein interactions (PPI), candidate drug assessment, and immune correlation of hub genes analysis. We validated the key biomarkers using multiple machine learning (ML) methods including random forest (RF), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE), and uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). A total of 59 common DEGs were identified between MPXV and HIV. Our functional analysis highlighted multiple pathways, including the ERK cascade, NF-κB signaling, and various immune responses, playing a collaborative role in the progression of both diseases. The PPI and gene co-expression networks were constructed, and five key genes with significant immune correlations were identified and validated by multiple ML models, including SPRED1, SPHK1, ATF3, AKT3, and AKT1S1. Our study emphasizes the common pathogenesis of HIV and MPXV and highlights the pivotal genes and shared pathways, providing new opportunities for evidence-based management strategies in HIV patients co-infected with MPXV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Cai
- Department
of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Tianyi Zhou
- Department
of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People’s
Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wenjun Shi
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuchen Cai
- Department
of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School
of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jianda Zhou
- Department
of Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital
of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
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9
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Rouhana S, Jacyniak K, Francis ME, Falzarano D, Kelvin AA, Pyle WG. Sex differences in the cardiac stress response following SARS-CoV-2 infection of ferrets. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1153-H1167. [PMID: 37737732 PMCID: PMC10894670 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00101.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection damages the heart, increasing the risk of adverse cardiovascular events. Female sex protects against complications of infection; females are less likely to experience severe illness or death, although their risk for postacute sequelae of COVID-19 ("long COVID") is higher than in males. Despite the important role of the heart in COVID-19 outcomes, molecular elements in the heart impacted by SARS-CoV-2 are poorly understood. Similarly, the role sex has on the myocardial effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been investigated at a molecular level. We intranasally inoculated female and male ferrets with SARS-CoV-2 and assessed myocardial stress signals, inflammation, and the innate immune response for 14 days. Myocardial phosphorylated GSK3α/β decreased at day 2 postinfection (pi) in male ferrets, whereas females showed no changes. Myocardial levels of p62/SQSTM1 decreased in male ferrets at days 2, 7, and 14 pi while lower baseline levels in females increased on day 2. Phosphorylated ERK1/2 increased in cardiomyocyte nuclei in females on days 2 and 14 pi, whereas male ferrets had no changes. Only hearts from females increased fibrosis on day 14 pi. Immune and inflammation markers increased in hearts, with some sex differences. These results are the first to identify myocardial stress responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection and reveal sex differences that may contribute to differential outcomes. Future research is required to define the pathways involving these stress signals to fully understand the myocardial effects of COVID-19 and identify targets that mitigate cardiac injury following SARS-CoV-2 infection.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiovascular disease is a leading risk factor for severe COVID-19, and cardiovascular pathologies are among the most common adverse outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Females and males have different outcomes and adverse cardiovascular events following SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study shows sex differences in stress proteins p62/SQSTM1, ERK1/2, and GSK3α/β, along with innate immunity and inflammation in hearts of ferrets infected with SARS-CoV-2, identifying mechanisms of COVID-19 cardiac injury and cardiac complications of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Rouhana
- IMPART Investigator Team, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathy Jacyniak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Magen E Francis
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Darryl Falzarano
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Alyson A Kelvin
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - W Glen Pyle
- IMPART Investigator Team, Dalhousie Medicine, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Chimenti C, Magnocavallo M, Vetta G, Alfarano M, Manguso G, Ajmone F, Ballatore F, Costantino J, Ciaramella P, Severino P, Miraldi F, Lavalle C, Vizza CD. The Role of MicroRNA in the Myocarditis: a Small Actor for a Great Role. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023:10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5. [PMID: 37269474 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01888-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium secondary to a variety of agents such as infectious pathogens, toxins, drugs, and autoimmune disorders. In our review, we provide an overview of miRNA biogenesis and their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of myocarditis, evaluating future directions for myocarditis management. RECENT FINDINGS Advances in genetic manipulation techniques allowed to demonstrate the important role of RNA fragments, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), in cardiovascular pathogenesis. miRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate the post-transcriptional gene expression. Advances in molecular techniques allowed to identify miRNA's role in pathogenesis of myocarditis. miRNAs are related to viral infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, making them not only promising diagnostic markers but also prognostics and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. Of course, further real-world studies will be needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy and applicability of miRNA in the myocarditis diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Chimenti
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Michele Magnocavallo
- Cardiology Division, Arrhythmology Unit, S. Giovanni Calibita Hospital, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Vetta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Cardiology Unit, University of Messina, Mesina, Italy
| | - Maria Alfarano
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Manguso
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ajmone
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Ballatore
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Costantino
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Ciaramella
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Severino
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Miraldi
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Lavalle
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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11
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Qin Y, Lin L, Yang S, Dai Z, Zhang C, Huang J, Deng F, Yue X, Ren L, Fei Y, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zhong Z. Circular RNA circ_0076631 promotes coxsackievirus B3 infection through modulating viral translation by sponging miR-214-3p. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:975223. [PMID: 36147837 PMCID: PMC9485868 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.975223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B (CVB), a member of Enterovirus genus of Picornaviridae, is the leading pathogen of viral myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. The pathogenesis of CVB-induced myocarditis has not been completely elucidated, and no specific antiviral measurement is available presently. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to be able to modulate viral replication and infection through bridging over non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and coding messenger RNAs (mRNAs). To date, the role of circRNAs in CVB infection is largely unknown. In this study, we found that hsa_circ_0076631 (circ_0076631) significantly promoted CVB type 3 (CVB3) replication. Further study showed that the underneath mechanism was circ_0076631 indirectly interacting with CVB3 through sponging miR-214-3p, which targeted the 3D-coding region of CVB3 genome to suppress viral translation. Knocking down circ-0076631 caused a suppression of CVB3 infection; thus, circ-0076631 may be a potential target for anti-CVB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zongmao Dai
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhen Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Yue
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Long Ren
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Wenran Zhao,
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Yan Wang,
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Zhaohua Zhong,
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12
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Wu Z, Zhu S, Qian J, Hu Y, Ji W, Li D, Zhu P, Liang R, Jin Y. Analysis of miRNAs Involved in Mouse Heart Injury Upon Coxsackievirus A2 Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:765445. [PMID: 35155276 PMCID: PMC8831793 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.765445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coxsackievirus A2 (CVA2) has recently been constantly detected, and is associated with viral myocarditis in children. Our previous study demonstrated that CVA2 led to heart damage in a neonatal murine model. However, the molecular mechanism of heart injury caused by CVA2 remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests the significant functions of miRNAs in Coxsackievirus infection. To investigate potential miRNAs involved in heart injury caused by CVA2, our study, for the first time, conducted a RNA-seq in vivo employing infected mice hearts. In total, 87, 101 and 76 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified at 3 days post infection (dpi), 7 dpi and 7 dpi vs 3 dpi. Importantly, above 3 comparison strategies shared 34 differentially expressed miRNAs. These results were confirmed by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Next, we did GO, KEGG, and miRNA-mRNA integrated analysis of differential miRNAs. The dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the miRNA-mRNA pairs. To further confirm the above enriched pathways and processes, we did Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Our results suggest that inflammatory responses, T cell activation, apoptosis, autophagy, antiviral immunity, NK cell infiltration, and the disruption of tight junctions are involved in the pathogenesis of heart injury caused by CVA2. The dysregulated miRNAs and pathways recognized in the current study can improve the understanding of the intricate interactions between CVA2 and the heart injury, opening a novel avenue for the future study of CVA2 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoke Wu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shenshen Zhu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juanfeng Qian
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Hu
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wangquan Ji
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruonan Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yuefei Jin,
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13
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Yang Q, Li Y, Wang Y, Qiao X, Liu T, Wang H, Shen H. The circRNA circSIAE Inhibits Replication of Coxsackie Virus B3 by Targeting miR-331-3p and Thousand and One Amino-Acid Kinase 2. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:779919. [PMID: 35141166 PMCID: PMC8820919 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.779919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3), an enterovirus, is the main pathogen causing viral myocarditis, pericarditis, hepatitis and other inflammation-related diseases. Non-coding RNAs with a closed loop molecular structure, called circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to be involved in multiple virus-related processes, but roles and mechanisms in CVB3 infection have not been systematically studied. In this study, when HeLa cells were infected with CVB3, the expression of hsa_circ_0000367 (circSIAE) was significantly decreased as demonstrated by real-time quantitative PCR assays. We found that circSIAE downregulated the expression of miR-331-3p through direct binding and inhibited the replication of CVB3 in HeLa and 293T cells. The analysis of signals downstream of miR-331-3p suggested that miR-331-3p promotes CVB3 replication, viral plaque formation and fluorescent virus cell production through interactions with the gene coding for thousand and one amino-acid kinase 2 (TAOK2). In conclusion, this study found that circSIAE can target TAOK2 through sponge adsorption of miR-331-3p to inhibit the replication and proliferation of CVB3 virus, providing an early molecular target for the diagnosis of CVB3 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingru Yang
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Clinical Laboratory, Jiangyin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangyin, China
| | - Yuhan Li
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaorong Qiao
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Hongxing Shen,
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Medical College, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hua Wang, ; Hongxing Shen,
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14
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MicroRNA-324-3p Plays A Protective Role Against Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Viral Myocarditis. Virol Sin 2021; 36:1585-1599. [PMID: 34632544 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-021-00441-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VM) is an inflammatory disease of the myocardium associated with heart failure, which is caused by common viral infections. A majority of the infections are initiated by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a major role in various biological processes, including gene expression, cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, as well as viral infection and antiviral immune responses. Although, miRNAs have been found to regulate viral infections, their role in CVB3 infection remains poorly understood. In the previous study, miRNA microarray results showed that miR-324-3p expression levels were significantly increased when cells and mice were infected with CVB3. It was also found that miR-324-3p downregulated TRIM27 and decreased CVB3 replication in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, analysis of downstream signaling of TRIM27 revealed that, miR-324-3p inhibited CVB3 infection, and reduced cytopathic effect and viral plaque formation by reducing the expression of TRIM27. In vivo, miR-324-3p decreased the expression of TRIM27, reduced cardiac viral replication and load, thereby strongly attenuating cardiac injury and inflammation. Taken together, this study suggests that miR-324-3p targets TRIM27 to inhibit CVB3 replication and viral load, thereby reducing the cardiac injury associated with VM.
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15
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Lu Y, Tian M, Liu J, Wang K. LINC00511 facilitates Temozolomide resistance of glioblastoma cells via sponging miR-126-5p and activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22848. [PMID: 34328678 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide (TMZ) is the first-line chemotherapy drug for glioblastoma (GBM) but acquired TMZ resistance is frequently observed. Thus, a TMZ resistant GBM cell line U87-R was established to search for potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) used in TMZ resistance. In our study, LINC00511 was identified as a TMZ resistance-associated lncRNA in U87-R cells by transcriptome RNA sequencing. The potential functions of LINC00511 were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, cell viability assay, colony formation assay, western blot, soft agar assay, flow cytometry, tumor xenograft model, immunofluorescence, sphere formation assay, fluorescent in situ hybridization, luciferase reporter assay, and RNA pull-down assay. We found that LINC00511 was upregulated in U87-R cells and GBM samples, and correlated with poor prognosis of GBM patients. Silencing LINC00511 impaired TMZ tolerance of U87-R cells, while LINC00511 overexpression increased TMZ resistance of sensitive GBM cells. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in U87-R cells, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling enhanced TMZ sensitivity. Furthermore, LINC00511 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of GBM cells and regulated Wnt/β-catenin activation by acting as a molecular sponge for miR-126-5p. Multiple genes of Wnt/β-catenin signaling such as DVL3, WISP1, and WISP2 were targeted by miR-126-5p. MiR-126-5p restoration impaired TMZ resistance of GBM cells. In conclusion, our results provided a novel insight into acquired TMZ resistance of GBM cells and suggested LINC00511 as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiongbo Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second People's Hospital of Xinxiang, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
| | - Kuanhong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan province, China
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16
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Du H, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang DW, Chen C. Roles of MicroRNAs in Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:716213. [PMID: 34368265 PMCID: PMC8339264 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.716213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that participate in heart development and pathological processes mainly by silencing gene expression. Overwhelming evidence has suggested that miRNAs were involved in various cardiovascular pathological processes, including arrhythmias, ischemia-reperfusion injuries, dysregulation of angiogenesis, mitochondrial abnormalities, fibrosis, and maladaptive remodeling. Various miRNAs could regulate myocardial contractility, vascular proliferation, and mitochondrial function. Meanwhile, it was reported that miRNAs could manipulate nutrition metabolism, especially glucose and lipid metabolism, by regulating insulin signaling pathways, energy substrate transport/metabolism. Recently, increasing studies suggested that the abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism were closely associated with a broad spectrum of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Therefore, maintaining glucose and lipid metabolism homeostasis in the heart might be beneficial to CVD patients. In this review, we summarized the present knowledge of the functions of miRNAs in regulating cardiac glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as highlighted the miRNA-based therapies targeting cardiac glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzhi Du
- Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanru Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huaping Li
- Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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17
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Liu W, Song J, Feng X, Yang H, Zhong W. LncRNA XIST is involved in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes by sponging miR-126-3p via the NF-κB pathway. Autoimmunity 2021; 54:326-335. [PMID: 34165008 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2021.1937608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The role and mechanism of lncRNA XIST (XIST) in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was explored in this study. RT-qPCRs were performed to detect the expression of XIST and miR-126-3p in synovial tissues and cells. Target gene prediction and luciferase gene reporter assay were used to validate downstream target genes of XIST. MTT assay, EdU staining and Annexin V/PI staining were performed to explore the effects of XIST and miR-126-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Western blotting analysis was used to detect the expression of related proteins. We found that the expression levels of XIST in tissues and cells were significantly higher than that in normal tissues and cells. Down-regulation of XIST could inhibit cell proliferation rate and increase apoptosis rate. Luciferase gene reporter assay showed that miR-126-3p was a downstream target gene of XIST. Overexpression of miR-126-3p significantly inhibited RA-FLS cell proliferation and induced RA-FLS cell apoptosis. In addition, down-regulation of XIST could increase the ratio of caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl-2. In addition, overexpression of miR-126-3p could inhibit the NF-κB signalling pathway by reducing the expression levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα in RA-FLS cells. In conclusion, down-regulation of XIST can inhibit the proliferation of synovial fibroblasts by increasing the expression levels of miR-126-3p/NF-κB, thereby inhibiting the occurrence and development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Xingyu Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Haolong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Wei Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First hospital of Qiqihar City, Qiqihar City, PR China
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18
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Richards A, Berth SH, Brady S, Morfini G. Engagement of Neurotropic Viruses in Fast Axonal Transport: Mechanisms, Potential Role of Host Kinases and Implications for Neuronal Dysfunction. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:684762. [PMID: 34234649 PMCID: PMC8255969 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.684762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much remains unknown about mechanisms sustaining the various stages in the life cycle of neurotropic viruses. An understanding of those mechanisms operating before their replication and propagation could advance the development of effective anti-viral strategies. Here, we review our current knowledge of strategies used by neurotropic viruses to undergo bidirectional movement along axons. We discuss how the invasion strategies used by specific viruses might influence their mode of interaction with selected components of the host’s fast axonal transport (FAT) machinery, including specialized membrane-bounded organelles and microtubule-based motor proteins. As part of this discussion, we provide a critical evaluation of various reported interactions among viral and motor proteins and highlight limitations of some in vitro approaches that led to their identification. Based on a large body of evidence documenting activation of host kinases by neurotropic viruses, and on recent work revealing regulation of FAT through phosphorylation-based mechanisms, we posit a potential role of host kinases on the engagement of viruses in retrograde FAT. Finally, we briefly describe recent evidence linking aberrant activation of kinase pathways to deficits in FAT and neuronal degeneration in the context of human neurodegenerative diseases. Based on these findings, we speculate that neurotoxicity elicited by viral infection may involve deregulation of host kinases involved in the regulation of FAT and other cellular processes sustaining neuronal function and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexsia Richards
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Sarah H Berth
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Scott Brady
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Gerardo Morfini
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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19
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Zhang Y, Cai S, Ding X, Lu C, Wu R, Wu H, Shang Y, Pang M. MicroRNA-30a-5p silencing polarizes macrophages toward M2 phenotype to alleviate cardiac injury following viral myocarditis by targeting SOCS1. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1348-H1360. [PMID: 33416455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00431.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a life-threatening disease characterized by severe cardiac inflammation generally caused by coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection. Several microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are known to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of VMC. The study aimed to decipher the role of miR-30a-5p in the underlying mechanisms of VMC pathogenesis. We first quantified miR-30a-5p expression in a CVB3-induced mouse VMC model. The physiological characteristics of mouse cardiac tissues were then detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Picrosirius red staining. We established the correlation between miR-30a-5p and SOCS1, using dual-luciferase gene assay and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The expression of inflammatory factors (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-13), M1 polarization markers [TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)], M2 polarization markers (Arg-1, IL-10), and myocardial hypertrophy markers [atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)] was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis. miR-30a-5p was found to be highly expressed in VMC mice. Silencing of miR-30a-5p improved the cardiac function index and reduced heart weight-to-body weight ratio, myocardial tissue pathological changes and fibrosis degree, serological indexes, as well as proinflammatory factor levels, while enhancing anti-inflammatory factor levels in VMC mice. Furthermore, silencing of miR-30a-5p inhibited M1 polarization of macrophages while promoting M2 polarization in vivo and in vitro. SOCS1 was a target gene of miR-30a-5p, and the aforementioned cardioprotective effects of miR-30a-5p silencing were reversed upon silencing of SOCS1. Overall, this study shows that silencing of miR-30a-5p may promote M2 polarization of macrophages and improve cardiac injury following VMC via SOCS1 upregulation, constituting a potential therapeutic target for VMC treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We found in this study that microRNA (miR)-30a-5p inhibition might improve cardiac injury following viral myocarditis (VMC) by accelerating M2 polarization of macrophages via SOCS1 upregulation. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of miR-30a-5p inhibition may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Ding
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Lu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruodan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyi Shang
- Medical School of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Pang
- Department of Cardiology, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhu P, Chen S, Zhang W, Duan G, Jin Y. Essential Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Enterovirus Infection: From Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062904. [PMID: 33809362 PMCID: PMC7999384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are common RNA viruses that can cause various types of human diseases and conditions such as hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), myocarditis, meningitis, sepsis, and respiratory disorders. Although EV infections in most patients are generally mild and self-limiting, a small number of young children can develop serious complications such as encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, myocarditis, and cardiorespiratory failure, resulting in fatalities. Established evidence has suggested that certain non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the occurrence and progression of many human diseases. Recently, the involvement of ncRNAs in the course of EV infection has been reported. Herein, the authors focus on recent advances in the understanding of ncRNAs in EV infection from basic viral pathogenesis to clinical prospects, providing a reference basis and new ideas for disease prevention and research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Shuaiyin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Weiguo Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Guangcai Duan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
| | - Yuefei Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (S.C.); (W.Z.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0371-67781453
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21
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Yao M, Xu C, Shen H, Liu T, Wang X, Shao C, Shao S. The regulatory role of miR-107 in Coxsackie B3 virus replication. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14467-14479. [PMID: 32674073 PMCID: PMC7425430 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackie B3 virus (CVB3) is a member of small RNA viruses that belongs to the genus Enterovirus of the family Picornaviridae and CVB3 is the main pathogen of acute and chronic viral myocarditis. In this study RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression of miR-107 in CVB3-infected and uninfected HeLa cells. The experimental results show that the level of miR-107 began to rise at 4 h after the infection, and significantly boosted at 6 h. Based on the results of this experiment, we consider that miR-107 expression is related to CVB3 infection. In order to further clarify the effect of miR-107 in the process of CVB3 infection, we studied the effect of miR-107 upstream and downstream target genes on CVB3 replication. Levels of the target RNAs were detected by RT-qPCR after CVB3 infection, and the expression of CVB3 capsid protein VP1 by western blot analysis. Then the virus in the supernatant was quantitated via a viral plaque assay, reflecting the release of the virus. The experimental results showed that miRNA-107 expression is associated with CVB3 replication and proliferation, while KLF4 and BACE1 as the downstream of miR-107 weakened CVB3 replication. Overexpressions of KLF4 and BACE1 negatively regulated CVB3 replication, this effect on CVB3 was completely opposite to that of miR-107. Further experiments revealed that the upstream lncRNA004787, a new lncRNA that had not been reported, was located on chromosome 5, strand - from 37073250 to 37070908 (genome assembly: hg19). We sequenced and studied lncRNA004787 and found that it partially inhibited CVB3 replication. This prompted us to speculate that lncRNA004787 probably impacted the replication by other means. In conclusion, miR-107 interfered with CVB3 replication and release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chi Xu
- Marshall International Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingjun Liu
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuping Wang
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shihe Shao
- School of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Marshall International Center for Digestive Diseases, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200120, China
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22
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Zhang C, Xiong Y, Zeng L, Peng Z, Liu Z, Zhan H, Yang Z. The Role of Non-coding RNAs in Viral Myocarditis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:312. [PMID: 32754448 PMCID: PMC7343704 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral myocarditis (VMC) is a disease characterized as myocardial parenchyma or interstitium inflammation caused by virus infection, especially Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) infection, which has no accurate non-invasive examination for diagnosis and specific drugs for treatment. The mechanism of CVB3-induced VMC may be related to direct myocardial damage of virus infection and extensive damage of abnormal immune response after infection. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) refers to RNA that is not translated into protein and plays a vital role in many biological processes. There is expanding evidence to reveal that ncRNAs regulate the occurrence and development of VMC, which may provide new treatment or diagnosis targets. In this review, we mainly demonstrate an overview of the potential role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CVB3-induced VMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijin Zeng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Peng
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Zhan
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,NHC Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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23
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GSK-3-associated signaling is crucial to virus infection of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118767. [PMID: 32522661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways play important roles in virus infection, replication, and associated pathogenesis. Some of the best understood cell signaling networks are crucial to virus infections such the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), and the WNT/β-catenin pathways. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a lesser known signaling molecule in the field of virus research. Interestingly, GSK-3 forms the crux of multiple cell signaling pathways. However, recent studies indicate that GSK-3 may perform key roles in the response to viral infection, replication and pathogenesis. The effects of activated or inactivated forms of GSK-3 on virus infection are still not yet clearly understood phenomenon. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of GSK-3-associated signaling pathways in terms of different stages of virus replication could be important not only to understand the pathogenesis of virus, but also possibly leading to new therapeutic targets. This review will focus on recent advances in understanding the roles of GSK-3 on viral replication, pathogenesis and the immune responses.
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24
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Wang J, Han B. Dysregulated CD4+ T Cells and microRNAs in Myocarditis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:539. [PMID: 32269577 PMCID: PMC7109299 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocarditis is a polymorphic disease complicated with indeterminate etiology and pathogenesis, and represents one of the most challenging clinical problems lacking specific diagnosis and effective therapy. It is caused by a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors, and causal links between dysregulated microribonucleic acids (miRNAs) and myocarditis have also been supported by recent epigenetic researches. Both dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myocarditis, and the classic triphasic model of its pathogenesis consists of the acute infectious, subacute immune, and recovery/chronic myopathic phase. CD4+ T cells are key pathogenic factors underlying the development and progression of myocarditis, and the effector and regulatory subsets, respectively, promote and inhibit autoimmune responses. Furthermore, the reciprocal interplay of these subsets influences the pathogenesis as well. Dysregulated miRNAs along with their mRNA and protein targets have been identified in heart biopsies (intracellular miRNAs) and body fluids (circulating miRNAs) during myocarditis. These miRNAs show phase-dependent changes, and correlate with viral infection, immune status, fibrosis, destruction of cardiomyocytes, arrhythmias, cardiac functions, and outcomes. Thus, miRNAs are promising diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in myocarditis. In this review, we review myocarditis with an emphasis on its pathogenesis, and present a summary of current knowledge of dysregulated CD4+ T cells and miRNAs in myocarditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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25
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ETS2 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in renal fibrosis by targeting JUNB transcription. J Transl Med 2020; 100:438-453. [PMID: 31641227 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in the progression of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis, a common mechanism leading to end-stage renal failure. V-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 2 (ETS2), a transcription factor, exhibits diverse roles in pathogenesis; however, its role in renal fibrosis is not yet fully understood. In this study, we detected the expression of ETS2 in an animal model of renal fibrosis and evaluated the potential role of ETS2 in tubular EMT induced by TGF-β1. We found that ETS2 and profibrogenic factors, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN), were significantly increased in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced renal fibrosis model in mice. In vitro, TGF-β1 induced a high expression of ETS2 dependent on Smad3 and ERK signaling pathway in human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2). Knockdown of ETS2 abrogated TGF-β1-mediated expression of profibrogenic factors vimentin, α-SMA, collagen I, and FN in HK2 cells. Mechanistically, ETS2 promoted JUNB expression in HK2 cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. Furthermore, luciferase and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the binding of ETS2 to three EBS motifs on the promoter of JUNB triggered its transcription. Notably, silencing JUNB reversed the ETS2-induced upregulation of the profibrogenic factors in HK2 cells after TGF-β1 stimulation. These findings suggest that ETS2 mediates TGF-β1-induced EMT in renal tubular cells through JUNB, a novel pathway for preventing renal fibrosis.
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26
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Fei Y, Chaulagain A, Wang T, Chen Y, Liu J, Yi M, Wang Y, Huang Y, Lin L, Chen S, Xu W, Tong L, Wu X, Zhao D, Zhang F, Zhao W, Zhong Z. MiR-146a down-regulates inflammatory response by targeting TLR3 and TRAF6 in Coxsackievirus B infection. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 26:91-100. [PMID: 31676570 PMCID: PMC6913124 DOI: 10.1261/rna.071985.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is the major cause of human myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is an intracellular sensor to detect pathogen's dsRNA. TLR3, along with TRAF6, triggers an inflammatory response through NF-κB signaling pathway. In the cells infected with CVB type 3 (CVB3), the abundance of miR-146a was significantly increased. The role of miR-146a in CVB infection is unclear. In this study, TLR3 and TRAF6 were identified as the targets of miR-146a. The elevated miR-146a inhibited NF-κB translocation and subsequently down-regulated proinflammatory cytokine expression in the CVB3-infected cells. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway can be doubly blocked by miR-146a through targeting of TLR3 and TRAF6. MiR-146a may be a negative regulator on inflammatory response and an intrinsic protective factor in CVB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Fei
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Anita Chaulagain
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Tianying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Jinchang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yike Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lexun Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Weizhen Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dechao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Fengmin Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Wenran Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhaohua Zhong
- Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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27
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Yao HL, Liu M, Wang WJ, Wang XL, Song J, Song QQ, Han J. Construction of miRNA-target networks using microRNA profiles of CVB3-infected HeLa cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17876. [PMID: 31784561 PMCID: PMC6884461 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in regulating gene expression in multiple biological processes and diseases. Thus, to understand changes in miRNA during CVB3 infection, specific miRNA expression profiles were investigated at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection in HeLa cells by small-RNA high-throughput sequencing. Biological implications of 68 differentially expressed miRNAs were analyzed through GO and KEGG pathways. Interaction networks between 34 known highly differentially expressed miRNAs and targets were constructed by mirDIP and Navigator. The predicted targets showed that FAM135A, IKZF2, PLAG1, ZNF148, PHC3, LCOR and DYRK1A, which are associated with cellular differentiation and transcriptional regulation, were recognized by 8 miRNAs or 9 miRNAs through interactional regulatory networks. Seven target genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of DYRK1A, FAM135A, PLAG1, ZNF148, and PHC3 were obviously inhibited at 3 h, 6 h, and 9 h postinfection. The expression of LCOR did not show a significant change, and the expression of IKZF2 increased gradually with prolonged infection time. Our findings improve the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of CVB3 infection on cellular differentiation and development through miRNA regulation, which has implications for interventional approaches to CVB3-infection therapy. Our results also provide a new method for screening target genes of microRNA regulation in virus-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lan Yao
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, 2 YaBao Rd, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Wen Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Xin Ling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Qin Qin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China
| | - Jun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 155 Changbai Rd, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, 44 Xiao HongShan, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, China.
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28
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Mirna M, Paar V, Rezar R, Topf A, Eber M, Hoppe UC, Lichtenauer M, Jung C. MicroRNAs in Inflammatory Heart Diseases and Sepsis-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction: A Potential Scope for the Future? Cells 2019; 8:cells8111352. [PMID: 31671621 PMCID: PMC6912436 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded RNA sequences that regulate gene expression on a post-transcriptional level. In the last few decades, various trials have investigated the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs in several disease entities. Here, we provide a review of the available evidence on miRNAs in inflammatory heart diseases (myocarditis, endocarditis, and pericarditis) and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Systematic database research using the PubMed and Medline databases was conducted between July and September 2019 using predefined search terms. The whole review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: In total, 131 studies were screened, 96 abstracts were read, and 69 studies were included in the review. Discussion: In the future, circulating miRNAs could serve as biomarkers for diagnosis and disease monitoring in the context of inflammatory heart diseases and sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Considering the promising results of different animal models, certain miRNAs could also emerge as novel therapeutic approaches in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Mirna
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Vera Paar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Richard Rezar
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Albert Topf
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Miriam Eber
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Uta C Hoppe
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Michael Lichtenauer
- Clinic of Internal Medicine II, Department of Cardiology, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Christian Jung
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine, Medical Faculty, University Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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29
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Dysregulation of liver developmental microRNA contribute to hepatic carcinogenesis. J Formos Med Assoc 2019; 119:1041-1051. [PMID: 31627983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE To investigate the role of microRNA (miRNA) dysregulation in liver cancer by assessing the miRNA profiles of human hepatic stem cells (HpSCs), marker-carrying human hepatoblastoma (HB) cells, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells vs. those of fetal hepatocytes. METHODS We subjected human HCC and HB tumor specimens to immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for markers of HpSCs. We analyzed the miRNA patterns of HpSCs, HCC cells, HB cells, and fetal hepatocytes using microarray analysis, with confirmation via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The roles of the miRNAs in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) were also elucidated. RESULTS The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was the most prevalent HpSCs marker in human HB and HCC tumor cells and hepatoma cells. EpCAM-positive HB and HCC cells exhibited greater self-renewal and tumorigenicity than their EpCAM-negative counterparts or EpCAM-positive fetal hepatocytes. In EpCAM-positive fetal hepatocytes, miR-126 expression level increased with gestational age. The EpCAM-positive HB cells exhibited downregulation of miR-126 in comparison to EpCAM-positive fetal hepatocytes. An miR-126 mimic reduced sphere and colony formation in, and induced apoptosis of, HB cells. In comparison to EpCAM-positive fetal hepatocytes, EpCAM-positive HCC cells exhibited downregulation of miR-126, miR-144, and miR-451. Transfection of miR-126, miR-144, and miR-451 induced apoptosis of, and reduced sphere and colony formation in, HCC cells. CONCLUSION Dysregulation of liver developmental miRNAs, which exert a tumor suppressant effect, in EpCAM-positive HpSCs may contribute to liver carcinogenesis by promoting the transformation of HpSCs to CSCs of HB and HCC.
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30
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Saxena S, Mathur P, Shukla V, Rani V. Differential expression of novel MicroRNAs from developing fetal heart of Gallus gallus domesticus implies a role in cardiac development. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 462:157-165. [PMID: 31494815 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03618-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Heart development is a complex process regulated by multi-layered genetic as well epigenetic regulators many of which are still unknown. Besides their critical role during cardiac development, these molecular regulators emerge as key modulators of cardiovascular pathologies, where fetal cardiac genes' re-expression is witnessed. MicroRNAs have recently emerged as a crucial part of signalling cascade in both development and diseases. We aimed to identify, validate, and perform functional annotation of putative novel miRNAs using chicken as a cardiac development model system. Novel miRNAs were obtained through deep sequencing of small RNAs extracted from chicken embryonic cardiac tissue of different developmental stages. After filtering out real pre-miRNAs, their expression analysis, potential target gene's prediction and functional annotations were performed. Expression analysis revealed that miRNAs were differentially expressed during different developmental stages of chicken heart. The expression of selected putative novel miRNAs was further validated by real-time PCR. Our analysis indicated the presence of novel cardiac miRNAs that might be regulating critical cardiac development events such as cardiac cell growth, differentiation, cardiac action potential generation and signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharad Saxena
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India
| | - Priyanka Mathur
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India
| | - Vaibhav Shukla
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Transcriptome Laboratory, Centre for Emerging Diseases, Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector-62, Noida, UP, 201307, India.
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31
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Song J, Hu Y, Zheng H, Guo L, Huang X, Jiang X, Li W, Li J, Yang Z, Dong S, Liu L. Comparative analysis of putative novel microRNA expression profiles induced by enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 infections in human umbilical vein endothelial cells using high-throughput sequencing. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:401-410. [PMID: 31176031 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is mainly caused by human enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), which circulate alternatively or together in epidemic areas. Although the two viruses exhibit genetic homology, their clinical manifestations have some discrepancies. However, the factors underlying these differences remain unclear. Herein, we mainly focused on the alterations and roles of putative novel miRNAs in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) following EV71 and CA16 infections using high-throughput sequencing. The results identified 247 putative novel, differentially expressed miRNAs, of which only 11 miRNAs presented an opposite trend between the EV71- and CA16-infected samples and were used for target prediction. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis of the predicted targets displayed the top 15 significant biological processes, molecular functions, cell components and pathways. Subsequently, regulatory miRNA-predicted targets and miRNA-GO and miRNA-pathway networks were constructed to further reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms of the miRNAs during infection. Therefore, our data provide useful insights that will help elucidate the different host-pathogen interactions following EV71 and CA16 infections and may offer novel therapeutic targets for these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Yajie Hu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Huiwen Zheng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Weiyu Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Zening Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China
| | - Shaozhong Dong
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
| | - Longding Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research & Development on Severe Infections Disease, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.
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32
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Morris G, Maes M, Berk M, Puri BK. Myalgic encephalomyelitis or chronic fatigue syndrome: how could the illness develop? Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:385-415. [PMID: 30758706 PMCID: PMC6428797 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-019-0388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A model of the development and progression of chronic fatigue syndrome (myalgic encephalomyelitis), the aetiology of which is currently unknown, is put forward, starting with a consideration of the post-infection role of damage-associated molecular patterns and the development of chronic inflammatory, oxidative and nitrosative stress in genetically predisposed individuals. The consequences are detailed, including the role of increased intestinal permeability and the translocation of commensal antigens into the circulation, and the development of dysautonomia, neuroinflammation, and neurocognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities. Increasing levels of such stress and the switch to immune and metabolic downregulation are detailed next in relation to the advent of hypernitrosylation, impaired mitochondrial performance, immune suppression, cellular hibernation, endotoxin tolerance and sirtuin 1 activation. The role of chronic stress and the development of endotoxin tolerance via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase upregulation and the characteristics of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and T cells, including regulatory T cells, in endotoxin tolerance are detailed next. Finally, it is shown how the immune and metabolic abnormalities of chronic fatigue syndrome can be explained by endotoxin tolerance, thus completing the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, England, W12 0HS, UK.
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Hijmans JG, Stockleman K, Reiakvam W, Levy MV, Brewster LM, Bammert TD, Greiner JJ, Connick E, DeSouza CA. Effects of HIV-1 gp120 and tat on endothelial cell sensescence and senescence-associated microRNAs. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13647. [PMID: 29595877 PMCID: PMC5875545 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine, in vitro, the effects of X4 and R5 HIV‐1 gp120 and Tat on: (1) endothelial cell senescence and (2) endothelial cell microRNA (miR) expression. Endothelial cells were treated with media without and with: R5 gp120 (100 ng/mL), X4 gp120 (100 ng/mL), or Tat (500 ng/mL) for 24 h and stained for senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐β‐gal). Cell expression of miR‐34a, miR‐217, and miR‐146a was determined by RT‐PCR. X4 and R5 gp120 and Tat significantly increased (~100%) cellular senescence versus control. X4 gp120 significantly increased cell expression of miR‐34a (1.60 ± 0.04 fold) and miR‐217 (1.52 ± 0.18), but not miR‐146a (1.25 ± 0.32). R5 gp120 significantly increased miR‐34a (1.23 ± 0.07) and decreased miR‐146a (0.56 ± 0.07). Tat significantly increased miR‐34a (1.49 ± 0.16) and decreased miR‐146a (0.55 ± 0.23). R5 and Tat had no effect on miR‐217 (1.05 ± 0.13 and 1.06 ± 0.24; respectively). HIV‐1 gp120 (X4 and R5) and Tat promote endothelial cell senescence and dysregulation of senescence‐associated miRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie G Hijmans
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Kelly Stockleman
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Whitney Reiakvam
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Lillian M Brewster
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Tyler D Bammert
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Elizabeth Connick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Abstract
During the last years, it has become evident that miRNAs are important players in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including viral infections. Enterovirus infections range from mild to severe acute infections concerning several organ systems and are also associated with chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the impact of acute and persistent enterovirus infection on the expression of cellular miRNAs. Furthermore, the currently available data on the regulation of cellular or viral targets by the dysregulated miRNAs are reviewed. Finally, a translational perspective, namely the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of enterovirus infection and as antiviral strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Engelmann
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Enagnon Kazali Alidjinou
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Antoine Bertin
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Famara Sane
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
| | - Didier Hober
- a Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, University of Lille , Lille , France
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Khanizadeh S, Hasanvand B, Esmaeil Lashgarian H, Almasian M, Goudarzi G. Interaction of viral oncogenic proteins with the Wnt signaling pathway. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018; 21:651-659. [PMID: 30140402 PMCID: PMC6098952 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2018.28903.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that up to 20% of all types of human cancers worldwide are attributed to viruses. The genome of oncogenic viruses carries genes that have protein products that act as oncoproteins in cell proliferation and transformation. The modulation of cell cycle control mechanisms, cellular regulatory and signaling pathways by oncogenic viruses, plays an important role in viral carcinogenesis. Different signaling pathways play a part in the carcinogenesis that occurs in a cell. Among these pathways, the Wnt signaling pathway plays a predominant role in carcinogenesis and is known as a central cellular pathway in the development of tumors. There are three Wnt signaling pathways that are well identified, including the canonical or Wnt/β-catenin dependent pathway, the noncanonical or β-catenin-independent planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, and the noncanonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway. Most of the oncogenic viruses modulate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. This review discusses the interaction between proteins of several human oncogenic viruses with the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyad Khanizadeh
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Banafsheh Hasanvand
- Hepatitis Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Almasian
- Department of English Language, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Bammert TD, Hijmans JG, Reiakvam WR, Levy MV, Brewster LM, Goldthwaite ZA, Greiner JJ, Stockelman KA, DeSouza CA. High glucose derived endothelial microparticles increase active caspase-3 and reduce microRNA-Let-7a expression in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1026-1029. [PMID: 28942148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The experimental aim of this study was to determine the effects of high glucose-induced endothelial microparticles (EMPs) on endothelial cell susceptibility to apoptosis. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured (3rd passage) and plated in 6-well plates at a density of 5.0 × 105 cells/condition. Cells were incubated with media containing 25 mM d-glucose (concentration representing a diabetic glycemic state) or 5 mM d-glucose (normoglycemic condition) for 48 h to generate EMPs. EMP identification (CD144+ expression) and concentration was determined by flow cytometry. HUVECs (3 × 106 cells/condition) were treated with EMPs generated from either the normal or high glucose conditions for 24 h. Intracellular concentration of active caspase-3 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Cellular expression of miR-Let7a, an anti-apoptotic microRNA, was determined by RT-PCR using the ΔΔCT normalized to RNU6. High glucose-derived EMPs significantly increased both basal (1.5 ± 0.1 vs 1.0 ± 0.1 ng/mL) and staurosporine-stimulated (2.2 ± 0.2 vs 1.4 ± 0.1 ng/mL) active caspase-3 compared with normal glucose EMPs. Additionally, the expression of miR-Let-7a was markedly reduced (∼140%) by high glucose EMPs (0.43 ± 0.17 fold vs control). These results demonstrate that hyperglycemic-induced EMPs increase endothelial cell active caspase-3. This apoptotic effect may be mediated, at least in part, by a reduction in miR-Let-7a expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Bammert
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jamie G Hijmans
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Whitney R Reiakvam
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ma'ayan V Levy
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Lillian M Brewster
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Zoe A Goldthwaite
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jared J Greiner
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kelly A Stockelman
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A DeSouza
- Integrative Vascular Biology Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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MiR-148a the epigenetic regulator of bone homeostasis is increased in plasma of osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:519-526. [PMID: 27900532 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1141-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue, resulting in bone fragility and low-trauma fractures. Imaging techniques are routinely used to detect low bone mass; however, they are unable to identify deterioration of bone quality. Recently, microRNAs have emerged as regulators of bone remodelling and potentially also as a new class of sensitive biomarkers of bone health to aid in diagnosis and treatment monitoring of osteoporosis. METHODS To identify new plasma-based biomarkers associated with osteoporosis we analyzed microRNAs isolated from plasma samples of 74 postmenopausal women divided into osteoporotic (N = 17) and control groups (N = 57). A prior microRNA screening was performed where a few showed promise for further analysis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate differences in expression of let-7d-5p, let-7e-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-126-3p, miR-148a-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-423-5p and miR-574-5p between the two groups. Furthermore, correlation analysis between microRNA expression levels and patient bone mineral density measurements and fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) as well as trabecular bone scores were performed. RESULTS Expression of miR-148a-3p was significantly higher (p = 0.042) in the osteoporotic patient group compared to the controls. In addition, we identified correlations between miR-126-3p (ρ = 0.253, p = 0.032) and 423-5p (ρ = -0.230, p = 0.049) and parameters of bone quality and quantity. CONCLUSION The results from our study, together with the functional role of miR-148a-3p in bone suggest that this microRNA could be considered as a potential new plasma-based biomarker for pathological changes associated with osteoporosis.
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Tse G, Yeo JM, Chan YW, Lai ETHL, Yan BP. What Is the Arrhythmic Substrate in Viral Myocarditis? Insights from Clinical and Animal Studies. Front Physiol 2016; 7:308. [PMID: 27493633 PMCID: PMC4954848 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains an unsolved problem in the twenty-first century. It is often due to rapid onset, ventricular arrhythmias caused by a number of different clinical conditions. A proportion of SCD patients have identifiable diseases such as cardiomyopathies, but for others, the causes are unknown. Viral myocarditis is becoming increasingly recognized as a contributor to unexplained mortality, and is thought to be a major cause of SCD in the first two decades of life. Myocardial inflammation, ion channel dysfunction, electrophysiological, and structural remodeling may play important roles in generating life-threatening arrhythmias. The aim of this review article is to examine the electrophysiology of action potential conduction and repolarization and the mechanisms by which their derangements lead to triggered and reentrant arrhythmogenesis. By synthesizing experimental evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies, a framework of how host (inflammation), and viral (altered cellular signaling) factors can induce ion electrophysiological and structural remodeling is illustrated. Current pharmacological options are mainly supportive, which may be accompanied by mechanical circulatory support. Heart transplantation is the only curative option in the worst case scenario. Future strategies for the management of viral myocarditis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Tse
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Jie M. Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Yin Wah Chan
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, UK
| | - Eric T. H. Lai Lai
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Bryan P. Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia
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Abstract
Viral myocarditis remains a prominent infectious-inflammatory disease for patients throughout the lifespan. The condition presents several challenges including varied modes of clinical presentation, a range of timepoints when patients come to attention, a diversity of approaches to diagnosis, a spectrum of clinical courses, and unsettled perspectives on therapeutics in different patient settings and in the face of different viral pathogens. In this review, we examine current knowledge about viral heart disease and especially provide information on evolving understanding of mechanisms of disease and efforts by investigators to identify and evaluate potential therapeutic avenues for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Fung
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ye Qiu
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bruce McManus
- From the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre for Heart Lung Innovation (G.F., H.L., Y.Q., D.Y., B.M.), Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure (PROOF Centre), and Institute for Heart + Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital (B.M.), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Besler C, Urban D, Watzka S, Lang D, Rommel KP, Kandolf R, Klingel K, Thiele H, Linke A, Schuler G, Adams V, Lurz P. Endomyocardial miR-133a levels correlate with myocardial inflammation, improved left ventricular function, and clinical outcome in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 18:1442-1451. [PMID: 27292200 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammatory heart disease represents an important cause of chronic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Predicting the clinical course of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy (iCMP) is difficult, and the prognostic value of current biological markers remains controversial. We tested whether expression of selected microRNAs in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) is related to LV functional recovery and clinical events in iCMP patients. METHODS AND RESULTS EMBs were obtained from patients with iCMP (n = 76) and non-inflammatory DCM (n = 22). A set of six microRNAs implicated in inflammation (miR-155 and miR-146b), heart failure (miR-21 and miR-133a), and endothelial cell (miR-126) and skeletal muscle function (miR-206) was pre-defined. Endomyocardial expression of miR-155 and miR-133a, as quantified by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), was up-regulated in patients with iCMP as compared with patients with DCM. Levels of miR-133a (R = 0.73, P < 0.01) and miR-155 (R = 0.63, P < 0.01) correlated with inflammatory cell count on EMBs from patients with iCMP. Patients with iCMP and preserved LV function at study entry demonstrated higher expression of miR-133a than patients with reduced LV function. Also, increased expression of miR-133a was associated with less fibrosis and myocyte necrosis on EMB, and LV functional recovery during a mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Importantly, patients with iCMP and miR-133a levels in the upper tertile showed longer survival free of death, malignant arrhythmias, and hospitalizations for heart failure. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that miR-133a levels correlate with macrophage infiltration, cardiac injury, improved LV function, and clinical outcome in patients with iCMP. miR-133a may serve as a potential novel biomarker and therapeutic target in human iCMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Besler
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Urban
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Watzka
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Lang
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Karl-Philipp Rommel
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Reinhard Kandolf
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karin Klingel
- Institute for Pathology and Neuropathology, Department of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Medical Clinic II (Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine), University Heart Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Axel Linke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schuler
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Adams
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Philipp Lurz
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, University of Leipzig-Heart Center, Leipzig, Germany
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van Zuylen WJ, Rawlinson WD, Ford CE. The Wnt pathway: a key network in cell signalling dysregulated by viruses. Rev Med Virol 2016; 26:340-55. [PMID: 27273590 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites dependent on host cells for survival. Viral infection of a cell activates a panel of pattern recognition receptors that mediate antiviral host responses to inhibit viral replication and dissemination. Viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade and subvert this antiviral host response, including encoding proteins that hijack, mimic and/or manipulate cellular processes such as the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, cellular metabolism and the host immune response. Currently, there is an increasing interest whether viral modulation of these cellular processes, including the cell cycle, contributes to cancer development. One cellular pathway related to cell cycle signalling is the Wnt pathway. This review focuses on the modulation of this pathway by human viruses, known to cause (or associated with) cancer development. The main mechanisms where viruses interact with the Wnt pathway appear to be through (i) epigenetic modification of Wnt genes; (ii) cellular or viral miRNAs targeting Wnt genes; (iii) altering specific Wnt pathway members, often leading to (iv) nuclear translocation of β-catenin and activation of Wnt signalling. Given that diverse viruses affect this signalling pathway, modulating Wnt signalling could be a generalised critical process for the initiation or maintenance of viral pathogenesis, with resultant dysregulation contributing to virus-induced cancers. Further study of this virus-host interaction may identify options for targeted therapy against Wnt signalling molecules as a means to reduce virus-induced pathogenesis and the downstream consequences of infection. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J van Zuylen
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - William D Rawlinson
- Serology and Virology Division, SEALS Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline E Ford
- Metastasis Research Group, School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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42
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Ho BC, Yang PC, Yu SL. MicroRNA and Pathogenesis of Enterovirus Infection. Viruses 2016; 8:v8010011. [PMID: 26751468 PMCID: PMC4728571 DOI: 10.3390/v8010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no currently available specific antiviral therapies for non-polio Enterovirus infections. Although several vaccines have entered clinical trials, the efficacy requires further evaluation, particularly for cross-strain protective activity. Curing patients with viral infections is a public health problem due to antigen alterations and drug resistance caused by the high genomic mutation rate. To conquer these limits in the development of anti-Enterovirus treatments, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between Enterovirus and host cells is urgently needed. MicroRNA (miRNA) constitutes the biggest family of gene regulators in mammalian cells and regulates almost a half of all human genes. The roles of miRNAs in Enterovirus pathogenesis have recently begun to be noted. In this review, we shed light on recent advances in the understanding of Enterovirus infection-modulated miRNAs. The impacts of altered host miRNAs on cellular processes, including immune escape, apoptosis, signal transduction, shutdown of host protein synthesis and viral replication, are discussed. Finally, miRNA-based medication provides a promising strategy for the development of antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Chang-Te Street, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center of Genomic Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Center for Optoelectronic Biomedicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10048, Taiwan.
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Wu J, Shen L, Chen J, Xu H, Mao L. The role of microRNAs in enteroviral infections. Braz J Infect Dis 2015; 19:510-6. [PMID: 26342975 PMCID: PMC9427576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Enterovirus, a member of the Picornavirus family, are RNA viruses that can cause poliomyelitis, hand-food-mouth disease, viral meningitis or meningoencephalitis, viral myocarditis and so on. MicroRNAs are a class of highly conserved, small noncoding RNAs recognized as important regulators of gene expression. Recent studies found that MicroRNAs play a significant role in the infection of Enterovirus, such as enterovirus 71, coxsackievirus B3 and other Enterovirus. Enteroviral infection can alter the expression of cellular MicroRNAs, and cellular MicroRNAs can modulate viral pathogenesis and replication by regulating the expression level of viral or host's genes. Herein, this review summarizes the role of MicroRNAs in enteroviral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianguo Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang First People's Hospital, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingxiang Mao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China.
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44
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Song JL, Nigam P, Tektas SS, Selva E. microRNA regulation of Wnt signaling pathways in development and disease. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1380-91. [PMID: 25843779 PMCID: PMC4437805 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways and microRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of development. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathways and miRNA levels lead to developmental defects and diverse human pathologies including but not limited to cancer. Wnt signaling pathways regulate a plethora of cellular processes during embryonic development and maintain homeostasis of adult tissues. A majority of Wnt signaling components are regulated by miRNAs which are small noncoding RNAs that are expressed in both animals and plants. In animal cells, miRNAs fine tune gene expression by pairing primarily to the 3'untranslated region of protein coding mRNAs to repress target mRNA translation and/or induce target degradation. miRNA-mediated regulation of signaling transduction pathways is important in modulating dose-sensitive response of cells to signaling molecules. This review discusses components of the Wnt signaling pathways that are regulated by miRNAs in the context of development and diseases. A fundamental understanding of miRNA functions in Wnt signaling transduction pathways may yield new insight into crosstalks of regulatory mechanisms essential for development and disease pathophysiology leading to novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia L Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Priya Nigam
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Senel S Tektas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Erica Selva
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Hua JY, He YZ, Xu Y, Jiang XH, Ye W, Pan ZM. Emodin prevents intima thickness via Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by miR-126 in balloon-injured carotid artery rats. Exp Mol Med 2015; 47:e170. [PMID: 26113441 PMCID: PMC4491726 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2015.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neointimal proliferation after vascular injury is a key mechanism of restenosis, a major cause of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty failure and artery bypass occlusion. Emodin, an anthraquinone with multiple physiological activities, has been reported to inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) that might cause intimal arterial thickening. Thus, in this study, we established a rat model of balloon-injured carotid artery and investigated the therapeutic effect of emodin and its underlying mechanism. Intimal thickness was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Expression of Wnt4, dvl-1, β-catenin and collagen was determined by immunohistochemistry and/or western blotting. The proliferation of VSMC was evaluated by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay and electron microscopy. MicroRNA levels were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. Emodin relieved injury-induced artery intimal thickness. Results of western blots and immunohistochemistry showed that emodin suppressed expression of signaling molecules Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin as well as collagen protein in the injured artery. In addition, emodin enhanced expression of an artery injury-related microRNA, miR-126. In vitro, MTT assay showed that emodin suppressed angiotensin II (AngII)-induced proliferation of VSMCs. Emodin reversed AngII-induced activation of Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling by increasing expression of miR-126 that was strongly supported by transfection of mimic or inhibitor for miR-126. Emodin prevents intimal thickening via Wnt4/Dvl-1/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by miR-126 in balloon-injured carotid artery of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-yi Hua
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-zhou He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xu-hong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wu Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-min Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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46
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Garmaroudi FS, Marchant D, Hendry R, Luo H, Yang D, Ye X, Shi J, McManus BM. Coxsackievirus B3 replication and pathogenesis. Future Microbiol 2015; 10:629-53. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Viruses such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) are entirely host cell-dependent parasites. Indeed, they must cleverly exploit various compartments of host cells to complete their life cycle, and consequently launch disease. Evolution has equipped this pico-rna-virus, CVB3, to use different strategies, including CVB3-induced direct damage to host cells followed by a host inflammatory response to CVB3 infection, and cell death to super-additively promote target organ tissue injury, and dysfunction. In this update, the patho-stratagems of CVB3 are explored from molecular, and systems-level approaches. In summarizing recent developments in this field, we focus particularly on mechanisms by which CVB3 can harness different host cell processes including kinases, host cell-killing and cell-eating machineries, matrix metalloproteinases and miRNAs to promote disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid S Garmaroudi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - David Marchant
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Reid Hendry
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Honglin Luo
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Decheng Yang
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Xin Ye
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Junyan Shi
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
| | - Bruce M McManus
- UBC James Hogg Research Centre, Institute for Heart & Lung Health, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6Z, Canada
- Centre of Excellence for Prevention of Organ Failure, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kuehl U, Lassner D, Gast M, Stroux A, Rohde M, Siegismund C, Wang X, Escher F, Gross M, Skurk C, Tschoepe C, Loebel M, Scheibenbogen C, Schultheiss HP, Poller W. Differential Cardiac MicroRNA Expression Predicts the Clinical Course in Human Enterovirus Cardiomyopathy. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:605-18. [PMID: 25761932 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.114.001475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation of disease pathogenesis confined to protein-coding regions of the genome may be incomplete because many noncoding variants are associated with disease. We aimed to identify novel predictive markers for the course of enterovirus (CVB3) cardiomyopathy by screening for noncoding elements influencing the grossly different antiviral capacity of individual patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptome mapping of CVB3 cardiomyopathy patients revealed distinctive cardiac microRNA (miR) patterns associated with spontaneous virus clearance and recovery (CVB3-ELIM) versus virus persistence and progressive clinical deterioration (CVB3-PERS). Profiling of protein-coding genes and 754 miRs in endomyocardial biopsies of test cohorts was performed at their initial presentation, and those spontaneously eliminating the virus were compared with those with virus persistence on follow-up. miR profiling revealed highly significant differences in cardiac levels of 16 miRs, but not of protein-coding genes. Evaluation of this primary distinctive miR pattern in validation cohorts, and multivariate receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, confirmed this pattern as highly predictive for disease course (area under the curve, 0.897±0.071; 95% confidence interval, 0.758-1.000). Eight miRs were strongly induced in CVB3-PERS (miRs 135b, 155, 190, 422a, 489, 590, 601, 1290), but undetectable in CVB3-ELIM or controls. They are predicted to target multiple immune response genes, and 2 of these were confirmed by antisense-mediated ablation of miRs 135b, 190, and 422a in the monocytic THP-1 cell line. CONCLUSIONS An immediate clinical application of the data is cardiac miR profiling to assess the risk of virus persistence and progressive clinical deterioration in CVB3 cardiomyopathy. Patients at risk are eligible for immediate antiviral therapy to minimize irreversible cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Kuehl
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Dirk Lassner
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Martina Gast
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Andrea Stroux
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Maria Rohde
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Christine Siegismund
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Felicitas Escher
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Michael Gross
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Carsten Skurk
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Carsten Tschoepe
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Madlen Loebel
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Carmen Scheibenbogen
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund)
| | - Wolfgang Poller
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (U.K., M.G., X.W., F.E., M.G., C. Skurk, C.T., H.-P.S., W.P.), Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (A.S.), Institute for Medical Immunology, Campus Virchow Klinikum (M.L., C. Scheibenbogen), Berlin Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT) (C.T., M.L., C. Scheibenbogen, W.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and Institute for Cardiac Diagnostics and Therapy (IKDT), Berlin, Germany (D.L., M.R., C. Siegismund).
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Identification of microRNAs in PCV2 subclinically infected pigs by high throughput sequencing. Vet Res 2015; 46:18. [PMID: 25879589 PMCID: PMC4346106 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-014-0141-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the essential etiological infectious agent of PCV2-systemic disease and has been associated with other swine diseases, all of them collectively known as porcine circovirus diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. miRNAs play an increasing role in many biological processes. The study of miRNA-mediated host-pathogen interactions has emerged in the last decade due to the important role that miRNAs play in antiviral defense. The objective of this study was to identify the miRNA expression pattern in PCV2 subclinically infected and non-infected pigs. For this purpose an experimental PCV2 infection was carried out and small-RNA libraries were constructed from tonsil and mediastinal lymph node (MLN) of infected and non-infected pigs. High throughput sequencing determined differences in miRNA expression in MLN between infected and non-infected while, in tonsil, a very conserved pattern was observed. In MLN, miRNA 126-3p, miRNA 126-5p, let-7d-3p, mir-129a and mir-let-7b-3p were up-regulated whereas mir-193a-5p, mir-574-5p and mir-34a down-regulated. Prediction of functional analysis showed that these miRNAs can be involved in pathways related to immune system and in processes related to the pathogenesis of PCV2, although functional assays are needed to support these predictions. This is the first study on miRNA gene expression in pigs infected with PCV2 using a high throughput sequencing approach in which several host miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to PCV2 infection.
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Abstract
microRNAs constitute a large family of approximately 21-nucleotide-long, noncoding RNAs. They emerged more than 20 years ago as key posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. The regulatory role of these small RNA molecules has recently begun to be explored in the human reproductive system. microRNAs have been shown to play an important role in control of reproductive functions, especially in the processes of oocyte maturation, folliculogenesis, corpus luteum function, implantation, and early embryonic development. Knockout of Dicer, the cytoplasmic enzyme that cleaves the pre-miRNA to its mature form, results in postimplantation embryonic lethality in several animal models, attributing to these small RNA vital functions in reproduction and development. Another intriguing characteristic of microRNAs is their presence in body fluids in a remarkably stable form that is protected from endogenous RNase activity. In this chapter we will describe the current knowledge on microRNAs, specifically relating to human gonadal cells. We will focus on their role in the ovarian physiologic process and ovulation dysfunction, regulation of spermatogenesis and male fertility, and putative involvement in human normal and aberrant trophoblast differentiation and invasion through the process of placentation.
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50
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Santulli G. microRNAs Distinctively Regulate Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells: Functional Implications in Angiogenesis, Atherosclerosis, and In-Stent Restenosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 887:53-77. [PMID: 26662986 PMCID: PMC4871245 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22380-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are the main cell types within the vasculature. We describe here how microRNAs (miRs)--noncoding RNAs that can regulate gene expression via translational repression and/or post-transcriptional degradation--distinctively modulate EC and VSMC function in physiology and disease. In particular, the specific roles of miR-126 and miR-143/145, master regulators of EC and VSMC function, respectively, are deeply explored. We also describe the mechanistic role of miRs in the regulation of the pathophysiology of key cardiovascular processes including angiogenesis, atherosclerosis, and in-stent restenosis post-angioplasty. Drawbacks of currently available therapeutic options are discussed, pointing at the challenges and potential clinical opportunities provided by miR-based treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Angioplasty
- Animals
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/cytology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/genetics
- Graft Occlusion, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/cytology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- RNA, Untranslated/genetics
- RNA, Untranslated/metabolism
- Stents/adverse effects
- Vascular Remodeling
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