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Kratsios P, Zampieri N, Carrillo R, Mizumoto K, Sweeney LB, Philippidou P. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Motor Circuit Development. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1238242024. [PMID: 39358025 PMCID: PMC11450535 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1238-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Motor circuits represent the main output of the central nervous system and produce dynamic behaviors ranging from relatively simple rhythmic activities like swimming in fish and breathing in mammals to highly sophisticated dexterous movements in humans. Despite decades of research, the development and function of motor circuits remain poorly understood. Breakthroughs in the field recently provided new tools and tractable model systems that set the stage to discover the molecular mechanisms and circuit logic underlying motor control. Here, we describe recent advances from both vertebrate (mouse, frog) and invertebrate (nematode, fruit fly) systems on cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable motor circuits to develop and function and highlight conserved and divergent mechanisms necessary for motor circuit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paschalis Kratsios
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Niccolò Zampieri
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin 13125, Germany
| | - Robert Carrillo
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Kota Mizumoto
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lora B Sweeney
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
| | - Polyxeni Philippidou
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Hussain M, Khan I, Chaudhary MN, Ali K, Mushtaq A, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Zou X. Phosphatidylserine: A comprehensive overview of synthesis, metabolism, and nutrition. Chem Phys Lipids 2024; 264:105422. [PMID: 39097133 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2024.105422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PtdS) is classified as a glycerophospholipid and a primary anionic phospholipid and is particularly abundant in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane in neural tissues. It is synthesized from phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine by exchanging the base head group with serine, and this reaction is catalyzed by PtdS synthase-1 and PtdS synthase-2 located in the endoplasmic reticulum. PtdS exposure on the outside surface of the cell is essential for eliminating apoptotic cells and initiating the blood clotting cascade. It is also a precursor of phosphatidylethanolamine, produced by PtdS decarboxylase in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells. Furthermore, PtdS acts as a cofactor for several necessary enzymes that participate in signaling pathways. Beyond these functions, several studies indicate that PtdS plays a role in various cerebral functions, including activating membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement associated with the central nervous system (CNS). This review discusses the occurrence of PtdS in nature and biosynthesis via enzymes and genes in plants, yeast, prokaryotes, mammalian cells, and the brain, and enzymatic synthesis through phospholipase D (PLD). Furthermore, we discuss metabolism, its role in the CNS, the fortification of foods, and supplementation for improving some memory functions, the results of which remain unclear. PtdS can be a potentially beneficial addition to foods for kids, seniors, athletes, and others, especially with the rising consumer trend favoring functional foods over conventional pills and capsules. Clinical studies have shown that PtdS is safe and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Muneeba Naseer Chaudhary
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City/College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Khubaib Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Anam Mushtaq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Sung HH, Li H, Huang YC, Ai CL, Hsieh MY, Jan HM, Peng YJ, Lin HY, Yeh CH, Lin SY, Yeh CY, Cheng YJ, Khoo KH, Lin CH, Chien CT. Galectins induced from hemocytes bridge phosphatidylserine and N-glycosylated Drpr/CED-1 receptor during dendrite pruning. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7402. [PMID: 39191750 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51581-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
During neuronal pruning, phagocytes engulf shed cellular debris to avoid inflammation and maintain tissue homeostasis. How phagocytic receptors recognize degenerating neurites had been unclear. Here, we identify two glucosyltransferases Alg8 and Alg10 of the N-glycosylation pathway required for dendrite fragmentation and clearance through genetic screen. The scavenger receptor Draper (Drpr) is N-glycosylated with complex- or hybrid-type N-glycans that interact specifically with galectins. We also identify the galectins Crouching tiger (Ctg) and Hidden dragon (Hdg) that interact with N-glycosylated Drpr and function in dendrite pruning via the Drpr pathway. Ctg and Hdg are required in hemocytes for expression and function, and are induced during dendrite injury to localize to injured dendrites through specific interaction with exposed phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface membrane of injured dendrites. Thus, the galectins Ctg and Hdg bridge the interaction between PS and N-glycosylated Drpr, leading to the activation of phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ho Sung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Li
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Huang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lu Ai
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hau-Ming Jan
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ju Peng
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Ya Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Yeh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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4
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Ana B. Aged-Related Changes in Microglia and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Exploring the Connection. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1737. [PMID: 39200202 PMCID: PMC11351943 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells exhibit properties akin to macrophages, thereby enabling them to support and protect the central nervous system environment. Aging induces alterations in microglial polarization, resulting in a shift toward a neurotoxic phenotype characterized by increased expression of pro-inflammatory markers. Dysregulation of microglial cells' regulatory pathways and interactions with neurons contribute to chronic activation and neurodegeneration. A better understanding of the involvement of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is a critical topic for studying the role of inflammatory responses in disease progression. Furthermore, the metabolic changes in aged microglia, including the downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, are discussed in this review. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for developing better preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borrajo Ana
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Hamad MIK, Daoud S, Petrova P, Rabaya O, Jbara A, Al Houqani S, BaniYas S, Alblooshi M, Almheiri A, Nakhal MM, Ali BR, Shehab S, Allouh MZ, Emerald BS, Schneider-Lódi M, Bataineh MF, Herz J, Förster E. Reelin differentially shapes dendrite morphology of medial entorhinal cortical ocean and island cells. Development 2024; 151:dev202449. [PMID: 38856043 PMCID: PMC11234379 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The function of medial entorhinal cortex layer II (MECII) excitatory neurons has been recently explored. MECII dysfunction underlies deficits in spatial navigation and working memory. MECII neurons comprise two major excitatory neuronal populations, pyramidal island and stellate ocean cells, in addition to the inhibitory interneurons. Ocean cells express reelin and surround clusters of island cells that lack reelin expression. The influence of reelin expression by ocean cells and interneurons on their own morphological differentiation and that of MECII island cells has remained unknown. To address this, we used a conditional reelin knockout (RelncKO) mouse to induce reelin deficiency postnatally in vitro and in vivo. Reelin deficiency caused dendritic hypertrophy of ocean cells, interneurons and only proximal dendritic compartments of island cells. Ca2+ recording showed that both cell types exhibited an elevation of calcium frequencies in RelncKO, indicating that the hypertrophic effect is related to excessive Ca2+ signalling. Moreover, pharmacological receptor blockade in RelncKO mouse revealed malfunctioning of GABAB, NMDA and AMPA receptors. Collectively, this study emphasizes the significance of reelin in neuronal growth, and its absence results in dendrite hypertrophy of MECII neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. K. Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Solieman Daoud
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Petya Petrova
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Obada Rabaya
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Abdalrahim Jbara
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Shaikha Al Houqani
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shamsa BaniYas
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Meera Alblooshi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ayesha Almheiri
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed M. Nakhal
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Safa Shehab
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed Z. Allouh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mária Schneider-Lódi
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
| | - Mo'ath F. Bataineh
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joachim Herz
- Departments of Molecular Genetics, Neuroscience, Neurology and Neurotherapeutics; Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eckart Förster
- Department of Neuroanatomy and Molecular Brain Research, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum 44801, Germany
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6
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Rui M. Recent progress in dendritic pruning of Drosophila C4da sensory neurons. Open Biol 2024; 14:240059. [PMID: 39046196 PMCID: PMC11267989 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.240059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain can adapt to changes in the environment through alterations in the number and structure of synapses. During embryonic and early postnatal stages, the synapses in the brain undergo rapid expansion and interconnections to form circuits. However, many of these synaptic connections are redundant or incorrect. Neurite pruning is a conserved process that occurs during both vertebrate and invertebrate development. It requires precise spatiotemporal control of local degradation of cellular components, comprising cytoskeletons and membranes, refines neuronal circuits, and ensures the precise connectivity required for proper function. The Drosophila's class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) sensory neuron has a well-characterized architecture and undergoes dendrite-specific sculpting, making it a valuable model for unravelling the intricate regulatory mechanisms underlie dendritic pruning. In this review, I attempt to provide an overview of the present state of research on dendritic pruning in C4da sensory neurons, as well as potential functional mechanisms in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, People‘s Republic of China
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7
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Scheuber MI, Guidolin C, Martins S, Sartori AM, Hofer AS, Schwab ME. Electrical stimulation of the cuneiform nucleus enhances the effects of rehabilitative training on locomotor recovery after incomplete spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1352742. [PMID: 38595973 PMCID: PMC11002271 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1352742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Most human spinal cord injuries are anatomically incomplete, leaving some fibers still connecting the brain with the sublesional spinal cord. Spared descending fibers of the brainstem motor control system can be activated by deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the cuneiform nucleus (CnF), a subnucleus of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). The MLR is an evolutionarily highly conserved structure which initiates and controls locomotion in all vertebrates. Acute electrical stimulation experiments in female adult rats with incomplete spinal cord injury conducted in our lab showed that CnF-DBS was able to re-establish a high degree of locomotion five weeks after injury, even in animals with initially very severe functional deficits and white matter lesions up to 80-95%. Here, we analyzed whether CnF-DBS can be used to support medium-intensity locomotor training and long-term recovery in rats with large but incomplete spinal cord injuries. Rats underwent rehabilitative training sessions three times per week in an enriched environment, either with or without CnF-DBS supported hindlimb stepping. After 4 weeks, animals that trained under CnF-DBS showed a higher level of locomotor performance than rats that trained comparable distances under non-stimulated conditions. The MLR does not project to the spinal cord directly; one of its main output targets is the gigantocellular reticular nucleus in the medulla oblongata. Long-term electrical stimulation of spared reticulospinal fibers after incomplete spinal cord injury via the CnF could enhance reticulospinal anatomical rearrangement and in this way lead to persistent improvement of motor function. By analyzing the spared, BDA-labeled giganto-spinal fibers we found that their gray matter arborization density after discontinuation of CnF-DBS enhanced training was lower in the lumbar L2 and L5 spinal cord in stimulated as compared to unstimulated animals, suggesting improved pruning with stimulation-enhanced training. An on-going clinical study in chronic paraplegic patients investigates the effects of CnF-DBS on locomotor capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam I. Scheuber
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Guidolin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suzi Martins
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea M. Sartori
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Sophie Hofer
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin E. Schwab
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
- ETH Phenomics Center, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Tan JYK, Chew LY, Juhász G, Yu F. Interplay between autophagy and CncC regulates dendrite pruning in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310740121. [PMID: 38408233 PMCID: PMC10927499 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310740121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for the turnover of damaged organelles and long-lived proteins. It is responsible for many biological processes such as maintaining brain functions and aging. Impaired autophagy is often linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases in humans. However, the role of autophagy in neuronal pruning during development remains poorly understood. Here, we report that autophagy regulates dendrite-specific pruning of ddaC sensory neurons in parallel to local caspase activation. Impaired autophagy causes the formation of ubiquitinated protein aggregates in ddaC neurons, dependent on the autophagic receptor Ref(2)P. Furthermore, the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase and the insulin-target of rapamycin pathway act upstream to regulate autophagy during dendrite pruning. Importantly, autophagy is required to activate the transcription factor CncC (Cap "n" collar isoform C), thereby promoting dendrite pruning. Conversely, CncC also indirectly affects autophagic activity via proteasomal degradation, as impaired CncC results in the inhibition of autophagy through sequestration of Atg8a into ubiquitinated protein aggregates. Thus, this study demonstrates the important role of autophagy in activating CncC prior to dendrite pruning, and further reveals an interplay between autophagy and CncC in neuronal pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Yu Kelly Tan
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Liang Yuh Chew
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
| | - Gábor Juhász
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, BudapestH-1117, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, SzegedH-6726, Hungary
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore117543, Singapore
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Yarychkivska O, Sharmin R, Elkhalil A, Ghose P. Apoptosis and beyond: A new era for programmed cell death in Caenorhabditis elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:14-22. [PMID: 36792437 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is crucial for normal development and homeostasis. Our first insights into the genetic regulation of apoptotic cell death came from in vivo studies in the powerful genetic model system of C. elegans. More recently, novel developmental cell death programs occurring both embryonically and post-embryonically, and sex-specifically, have been elucidated. Recent studies in the apoptotic setting have also shed new light on the intricacies of phagocytosis in particular. This review provides a brief historical perspective of the origins of PCD studies in C. elegans, followed by a more detailed description of non-canonical apoptotic and non-apoptotic death programs. We conclude by posing open questions and commenting on our outlook on the future of PCD studies in C. elegans, highlighting the importance of advanced imaging tools and the continued leveraging of C. elegans genetics both with classical and modern cutting-edge approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Piya Ghose
- The University of Texas at Arlington, USA.
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10
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Feng G, Chen R, Zhao R, Li Y, Ma L, Wang Y, Men W, Gao J, Tan S, Cheng J, He Y, Qin S, Dong Q, Tao S, Shu N. Longitudinal development of the human white matter structural connectome and its association with brain transcriptomic and cellular architecture. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1257. [PMID: 38087047 PMCID: PMC10716168 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
From childhood to adolescence, the spatiotemporal development pattern of the human brain white matter connectome and its underlying transcriptomic and cellular mechanisms remain largely unknown. With a longitudinal diffusion MRI cohort of 604 participants, we map the developmental trajectory of the white matter connectome from global to regional levels and identify that most brain network properties followed a linear developmental trajectory. Importantly, connectome-transcriptomic analysis reveals that the spatial development pattern of white matter connectome is potentially regulated by the transcriptomic architecture, with positively correlated genes involve in ion transport- and development-related pathways expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and negatively correlated genes enriches in synapse- and development-related pathways expressed in astrocytes, inhibitory neurons and microglia. Additionally, the macroscale developmental pattern is also associated with myelin content and thicknesses of specific laminas. These findings offer insights into the underlying genetics and neural mechanisms of macroscale white matter connectome development from childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Leilei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanpei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Men
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University Huilongguan Clinical Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shaozheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Sha Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ni Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- BABRI Centre, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Hamad MIK, Emerald BS, Kumar KK, Ibrahim MF, Ali BR, Bataineh MF. Extracellular molecular signals shaping dendrite architecture during brain development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1254589. [PMID: 38155836 PMCID: PMC10754048 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1254589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper growth and branching of dendrites are crucial for adequate central nervous system (CNS) functioning. The neuronal dendritic geometry determines the mode and quality of information processing. Any defects in dendrite development will disrupt neuronal circuit formation, affecting brain function. Besides cell-intrinsic programmes, extrinsic factors regulate various aspects of dendritic development. Among these extrinsic factors are extracellular molecular signals which can shape the dendrite architecture during early development. This review will focus on extrinsic factors regulating dendritic growth during early neuronal development, including neurotransmitters, neurotrophins, extracellular matrix proteins, contact-mediated ligands, and secreted and diffusible cues. How these extracellular molecular signals contribute to dendritic growth has been investigated in developing nervous systems using different species, different areas within the CNS, and different neuronal types. The response of the dendritic tree to these extracellular molecular signals can result in growth-promoting or growth-limiting effects, and it depends on the receptor subtype, receptor quantity, receptor efficiency, the animal model used, the developmental time windows, and finally, the targeted signal cascade. This article reviews our current understanding of the role of various extracellular signals in the establishment of the architecture of the dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I. K. Hamad
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bright Starling Emerald
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kukkala K. Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Marwa F. Ibrahim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R. Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mo’ath F. Bataineh
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Belew MY, Huang W, Florman JT, Alkema MJ, Byrne AB. PARP knockdown promotes synapse reformation after axon injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.03.565562. [PMID: 37961175 PMCID: PMC10635140 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.03.565562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Injured nervous systems are often incapable of self-repairing, resulting in permanent loss of function and disability. To restore function, a severed axon must not only regenerate, but must also reform synapses with target cells. Together, these processes beget functional axon regeneration. Progress has been made towards a mechanistic understanding of axon regeneration. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine whether and how synapses are formed by a regenerated motor axon are not well understood. Using a combination of in vivo laser axotomy, genetics, and high-resolution imaging, we find that poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) inhibit synapse reformation in regenerating axons. As a result, regenerated parp(-) axons regain more function than regenerated wild-type axons, even though both have reached their target cells. We find that PARPs regulate both axon regeneration and synapse reformation in coordination with proteolytic calpain CLP-4. These results indicate approaches to functionally repair the injured nervous system must specifically target synapse reformation, in addition to other components of the injury response.
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13
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Dey S, Barkai O, Gokhman I, Suissa S, Haffner-Krausz R, Wigoda N, Feldmesser E, Ben-Dor S, Kovalenko A, Binshtok A, Yaron A. Kinesin family member 2A gates nociception. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113257. [PMID: 37851573 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nociceptive axons undergo remodeling as they innervate their targets during development and in response to environmental insults and pathological conditions. How is nociceptive morphogenesis regulated? Here, we show that the microtubule destabilizer kinesin family member 2A (Kif2a) is a key regulator of nociceptive terminal structures and pain sensitivity. Ablation of Kif2a in sensory neurons causes hyperinnervation and hypersensitivity to noxious stimuli in young adult mice, whereas touch sensitivity and proprioception remain unaffected. Computational modeling predicts that structural remodeling is sufficient to explain the phenotypes. Furthermore, Kif2a deficiency triggers a transcriptional response comprising sustained upregulation of injury-related genes and homeostatic downregulation of highly specific channels and receptors at the late stage. The latter effect can be predicted to relieve the hyperexcitability of nociceptive neurons, despite persisting morphological aberrations, and indeed correlates with the resolution of pain hypersensitivity. Overall, we reveal a critical control node defining nociceptive terminal structure, which is regulating nociception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Dey
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Omer Barkai
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irena Gokhman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Sapir Suissa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Rebecca Haffner-Krausz
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Noa Wigoda
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ester Feldmesser
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrew Kovalenko
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander Binshtok
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah School of Medicine, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; The Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avraham Yaron
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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14
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Perron C, Carme P, Rosell AL, Minnaert E, Ruiz-Demoulin S, Szczkowski H, Neukomm LJ, Dura JM, Boulanger A. Chemokine-like Orion is involved in the transformation of glial cells into phagocytes in different developmental neuronal remodeling paradigms. Development 2023; 150:dev201633. [PMID: 37767633 PMCID: PMC10565233 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
During animal development, neurons often form exuberant or inappropriate axons and dendrites at early stages, followed by the refinement of neuronal circuits at late stages. Neural circuit refinement leads to the production of neuronal debris in the form of neuronal cell corpses, fragmented axons and dendrites, and pruned synapses requiring disposal. Glial cells act as predominant phagocytes during neuronal remodeling and degeneration, and crucial signaling pathways between neurons and glia are necessary for the execution of phagocytosis. Chemokine-like mushroom body neuron-secreted Orion is essential for astrocyte infiltration into the γ axon bundle leading to γ axon pruning. Here, we show a role of Orion in debris engulfment and phagocytosis in Drosophila. Interestingly, Orion is involved in the overall transformation of astrocytes into phagocytes. In addition, analysis of several neuronal paradigms demonstrates the role of Orion in eliminating both peptidergic vCrz+ and PDF-Tri neurons via additional phagocytic glial cells like cortex and/or ensheathing glia. Our results suggest that Orion is essential for phagocytic activation of astrocytes, cortex and ensheathing glia, and point to Orion as a trigger of glial infiltration, engulfment and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pascal Carme
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnau Llobet Rosell
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Eva Minnaert
- IGH, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Lukas Jakob Neukomm
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Lausanne, 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
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15
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Metwally E, Al-Abbadi HA, Hussain T, Murtaza G, Abdellatif AM, Ahmed MF. Calpain signaling: from biology to therapeutic opportunities in neurodegenerative disorders. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1235163. [PMID: 37732142 PMCID: PMC10507866 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1235163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders represent a major and growing healthcare challenge globally. Among the numerous molecular pathways implicated in their pathogenesis, calpain signaling has emerged as a crucial player in neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Calpain is a family of calcium-dependent cysteine proteases that is involved in many biological processes, such as signal transduction, cytoskeleton remodeling, and protein turnover. Dysregulation of calpain activation and activity has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Understanding the intricate structure of calpains is crucial for unraveling their roles in cellular physiology and their implications in pathology. In addition, the identification of diverse abnormalities in both humans and other animal models with deficiencies in calpain highlights the significant progress made in understanding calpain biology. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the recent roles attributed to calpains and provide an overview of the mechanisms that govern their activity during the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The possibility of utilizing calpain inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for treating neuronal dysfunctions in neurodegenerative disorders would be an area of interest in future calpain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Hatim A. Al-Abbadi
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarique Hussain
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. Abdellatif
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud F. Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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16
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Rui M, Kong W, Wang W, Zheng T, Wang S, Xie W. Droj2 Facilitates Somatosensory Neurite Sculpting via GTP-Binding Protein Arf102F in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13213. [PMID: 37686022 PMCID: PMC10487878 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental remodeling of neurite is crucial for the accurate wiring of neural circuits in the developing nervous system in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, for instance, autism, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and schizophrenia. However, the molecular underpinnings underlying developmental remodeling are still not fully understood. Here, we have identified DnaJ-like-2 (Droj2), orthologous to human DNAJA1 and DNAJA4 that is predicted to be involved in protein refolding, as a developmental signal promoting dendrite sculpting of the class IV dendritic arborization (C4da) sensory neuron in Drosophila. We further show that Arf102F, a GTP-binding protein previously implicated in protein trafficking, serves downstream of Droj2 to govern neurite pruning of C4da sensory neurons. Intriguingly, our data consistently demonstrate that both Droj2 and Arf102F promote the downregulation of the conserved L1-type cell-adhesion molecule Neuroglian anterior to dendrite pruning. Mechanistically, Droj2 genetically interacts with Arf102F and promotes Neuroglian downregulation to initiate dendrite severing. Taken together, this systematic study sheds light on an unprecedented function of Droj2 and Arf102F in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Rui
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiyu Kong
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Su Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Wei Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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17
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Atkins M, Nicol X, Fassier C. Microtubule remodelling as a driving force of axon guidance and pruning. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 140:35-53. [PMID: 35710759 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of neuronal connectivity relies on the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton, which provides mechanical support, roads for axonal transport and mediates signalling events. Fine-tuned spatiotemporal regulation of MT functions by tubulin post-translational modifications and MT-associated proteins is critical for the coarse wiring and subsequent refinement of neuronal connectivity. The defective regulation of these processes causes a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders associated with connectivity defects. This review focuses on recent studies unravelling how MT composition, post-translational modifications and associated proteins influence MT functions in axon guidance and/or pruning to build functional neuronal circuits. We here summarise experimental evidence supporting the key role of this network as a driving force for growth cone steering and branch-specific axon elimination. We further provide a global overview of the MT-interactors that tune developing axon behaviours, with a special emphasis on their emerging versatility in the regulation of MT dynamics/structure. Recent studies establishing the key and highly selective role of the tubulin code in the regulation of MT functions in axon pathfinding are also reported. Finally, our review highlights the emerging molecular links between these MT regulation processes and guidance signals that wire the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody Atkins
- INSERM, UMR-S 1270, Institut du Fer à Moulin, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Nicol
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Coralie Fassier
- Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, F-75012 Paris, France.
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18
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Sakamura S, Hsu FY, Tsujita A, Abubaker MB, Chiang AS, Matsuno K. Ecdysone signaling determines lateral polarity and remodels neurites to form Drosophila's left-right brain asymmetry. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112337. [PMID: 37044096 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Left-right (LR) asymmetry of the brain is fundamental to its higher-order functions. The Drosophila brain's asymmetrical body (AB) consists of a structural pair arborized from AB neurons and is larger on the right side than the left. We find that the AB initially forms LR symmetrically and then develops LR asymmetrically by neurite remodeling that is specific to the left AB and is dynamin dependent. Additionally, neuronal ecdysone signaling inhibition randomizes AB laterality, suggesting that ecdysone signaling determines AB's LR polarity. Given that AB's LR asymmetry relates to memory formation, our research establishes AB as a valuable model for studying LR asymmetry and higher-order brain function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Sakamura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Fu-Yu Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Akari Tsujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | | | - Ann-Shyn Chiang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Brain Research Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80780, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0526, USA
| | - Kenji Matsuno
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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19
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Antignano I, Liu Y, Offermann N, Capasso M. Aging microglia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:126. [PMID: 37081238 PMCID: PMC10119228 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophage population of the brain, specialized in supporting the CNS environment and protecting it from endogenous and exogenous insults. Nonetheless, their function declines with age, in ways that remain to be fully elucidated. Given the critical role played by microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, a better understanding of the aging microglia phenotype is an essential prerequisite in designing better preventive and therapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the most recent literature on microglia in aging, comparing findings in rodent models and human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignazio Antignano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yingxiao Liu
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Offermann
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Melania Capasso
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Qiao C, Liu Z, Qie S. The Implications of Microglial Regulation in Neuroplasticity-Dependent Stroke Recovery. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030571. [PMID: 36979506 PMCID: PMC10046452 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes varying degrees of neurological deficits, leading to corresponding dysfunctions. There are different therapeutic principles for each stage of pathological development. Neuroprotection is the main treatment in the acute phase, and functional recovery becomes primary in the subacute and chronic phases. Neuroplasticity is considered the basis of functional restoration and neurological rehabilitation after stroke, including the remodeling of dendrites and dendritic spines, axonal sprouting, myelin regeneration, synapse shaping, and neurogenesis. Spatiotemporal development affects the spontaneous rewiring of neural circuits and brain networks. Microglia are resident immune cells in the brain that contribute to homeostasis under physiological conditions. Microglia are activated immediately after stroke, and phenotypic polarization changes and phagocytic function are crucial for regulating focal and global brain inflammation and neurological recovery. We have previously shown that the development of neuroplasticity is spatiotemporally consistent with microglial activation, suggesting that microglia may have a profound impact on neuroplasticity after stroke and may be a key therapeutic target for post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we explore the impact of neuroplasticity on post-stroke restoration as well as the functions and mechanisms of microglial activation, polarization, and phagocytosis. This is followed by a summary of microglia-targeted rehabilitative interventions that influence neuroplasticity and promote stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Qiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Zongjian Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
| | - Shuyan Qie
- Department of Rehabilitation, Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100144, China
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21
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Mayseless O, Shapira G, Rachad EY, Fiala A, Schuldiner O. Neuronal excitability as a regulator of circuit remodeling. Curr Biol 2023; 33:981-989.e3. [PMID: 36758544 PMCID: PMC10017263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal remodeling of neuronal connectivity shapes mature nervous systems.1,2,3 The pruning of exuberant connections involves cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous mechanisms, such as neuronal activity. Indeed, experience-dependent competition sculpts various excitatory neuronal circuits.4,5,6,7,8,9 Moreover, activity has been shown to regulate growth cone motility and the stability of neurites and synaptic connections.10,11,12,13,14 However, whether inhibitory activity influences the remodeling of neuronal connectivity or how activity influences remodeling in systems in which competition is not clearly apparent is not fully understood. Here, we use the Drosophila mushroom body (MB) as a model to examine the role of neuronal activity in the developmental axon pruning of γ-Kenyon cells. The MB is a neuronal structure in insects, implicated in associative learning and memory,15,16 which receives mostly olfactory input from the antennal lobe.17,18 The MB circuit includes intrinsic neurons, called Kenyon cells (KCs), which receive inhibitory input from the GABAergic anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron among other inputs. The γ-KCs undergo stereotypic, steroid-hormone-dependent remodeling19,20 that involves the pruning of larval neurites followed by regrowth to form adult connections.21 We demonstrate that silencing neuronal activity is required for γ-KC pruning. Furthermore, we show that this is mechanistically achieved by cell-autonomous expression of the inward rectifying potassium channel 1 (irk1) combined with inhibition by APL neuron activity likely via GABA-B-R1 signaling. These results support the Hebbian-like rule "use it or lose it," where inhibition can destabilize connectivity and promote pruning while excitability stabilizes existing connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Mayseless
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gal Shapira
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel
| | - El Yazid Rachad
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - André Fiala
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behavior, Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001 Rehovot, Israel.
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22
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Spead O, Moreland T, Weaver CJ, Costa ID, Hegarty B, Kramer KL, Poulain FE. Teneurin trans-axonal signaling prunes topographically missorted axons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112192. [PMID: 36857189 PMCID: PMC10131173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Building precise neural circuits necessitates the elimination of axonal projections that have inaccurately formed during development. Although axonal pruning is a selective process, how it is initiated and controlled in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that trans-axonal signaling mediated by the cell surface molecules Glypican-3, Teneurin-3, and Latrophilin-3 prunes misrouted retinal axons in the visual system. Retinotopic neuron transplantations revealed that pioneer ventral axons that elongate first along the optic tract instruct the pruning of dorsal axons that missort in that region. Glypican-3 and Teneurin-3 are both selectively expressed by ventral retinal ganglion cells and cooperate for correcting missorted dorsal axons. The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor Latrophilin-3 signals along dorsal axons to initiate the elimination of topographic sorting errors. Altogether, our findings show an essential function for Glypican-3, Teneurin-3, and Latrophilin-3 in topographic tract organization and demonstrate that axonal pruning can be initiated by signaling among axons themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Spead
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Trevor Moreland
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Cory J Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Irene Dalla Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Brianna Hegarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | | | - Fabienne E Poulain
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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23
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Marmor-Kollet N, Berkun V, Cummings G, Keren-Shaul H, David E, Addadi Y, Schuldiner O. Actin-dependent astrocytic infiltration is a key step for axon defasciculation during remodeling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112117. [PMID: 36790930 PMCID: PMC9989824 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are essential for synapse formation, maturation, and plasticity; however, their function during developmental neuronal remodeling is largely unknown. To identify astrocytic molecules required for axon pruning of mushroom body (MB) γ neurons in Drosophila, we profiled astrocytes before (larva) and after (adult) remodeling. Focusing on genes enriched in larval astrocytes, we identified 12 astrocytic genes that are required for axon pruning, including the F-actin regulators Actin-related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1 (Arpc1) and formin3 (form3). Interestingly, perturbing astrocytic actin dynamics does not affect their gross morphology, migration, or transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) secretion. In contrast, actin dynamics is required for astrocyte infiltration into the axon bundle at the onset of pruning. Remarkably, decreasing axonal adhesion facilitates infiltration by Arpc1 knockdown (KD) astrocytes and promotes axon pruning. Conversely, increased axonal adhesion reduces lobe infiltration by wild-type (WT) astrocytes. Together, our findings suggest that actin-dependent astrocytic infiltration is a key step in axon pruning, thus promoting our understanding of neuron-glia interactions during remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Marmor-Kollet
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Victoria Berkun
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gideon Cummings
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Eyal David
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Yoseph Addadi
- Weizmann Institute of Science, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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24
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Bu S, Lau SSY, Yong WL, Zhang H, Thiagarajan S, Bashirullah A, Yu F. Polycomb group genes are required for neuronal pruning in Drosophila. BMC Biol 2023; 21:33. [PMID: 36793038 PMCID: PMC9933400 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01534-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pruning that selectively eliminates unnecessary or incorrect neurites is required for proper wiring of the mature nervous system. During Drosophila metamorphosis, dendritic arbourization sensory neurons (ddaCs) and mushroom body (MB) γ neurons can selectively prune their larval dendrites and/or axons in response to the steroid hormone ecdysone. An ecdysone-induced transcriptional cascade plays a key role in initiating neuronal pruning. However, how downstream components of ecdysone signalling are induced remains not entirely understood. RESULTS Here, we identify that Scm, a component of Polycomb group (PcG) complexes, is required for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons. We show that two PcG complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, are important for dendrite pruning. Interestingly, depletion of PRC1 strongly enhances ectopic expression of Abdominal B (Abd-B) and Sex combs reduced, whereas loss of PRC2 causes mild upregulation of Ultrabithorax and Abdominal A in ddaC neurons. Among these Hox genes, overexpression of Abd-B causes the most severe pruning defects, suggesting its dominant effect. Knockdown of the core PRC1 component Polyhomeotic (Ph) or Abd-B overexpression selectively downregulates Mical expression, thereby inhibiting ecdysone signalling. Finally, Ph is also required for axon pruning and Abd-B silencing in MB γ neurons, indicating a conserved function of PRC1 in two types of pruning. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates important roles of PcG and Hox genes in regulating ecdysone signalling and neuronal pruning in Drosophila. Moreover, our findings suggest a non-canonical and PRC2-independent role of PRC1 in Hox gene silencing during neuronal pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Bu
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Samuel Song Yuan Lau
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Heng Zhang
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Sasinthiran Thiagarajan
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore ,grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543 Singapore
| | - Arash Bashirullah
- grid.14003.360000 0001 2167 3675Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705-2222 USA
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604, Singapore. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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25
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Lv Z, Li Y, Wang Y, Cong F, Li X, Cui W, Han C, Wei Y, Hong X, Liu Y, Ma L, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Li H, Jin M, Wang L, Ni S, Liu J. Safety and efficacy outcomes after intranasal administration of neural stem cells in cerebral palsy: a randomized phase 1/2 controlled trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:23. [PMID: 36759901 PMCID: PMC9910250 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs) are believed to have the most therapeutic potential for neurological disorders because they can differentiate into various neurons and glial cells. This research evaluated the safety and efficacy of intranasal administration of NSCs in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The functional brain network (FBN) analysis based on electroencephalogram (EEG) and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis based on T1-weighted images were performed to evaluate functional and structural changes in the brain. METHODS A total of 25 CP patients aged 3-12 years were randomly assigned to the treatment group (n = 15), which received an intranasal infusion of NSCs loaded with nasal patches and rehabilitation therapy, or the control group (n = 10) received rehabilitation therapy only. The primary endpoints were the safety (assessed by the incidence of adverse events (AEs), laboratory and imaging examinations) and the changes in the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88), the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC), and some adapted scales. The secondary endpoints were the FBN and VBM analysis. RESULTS There were only four AEs happened during the 24-month follow-up period. There was no significant difference in the laboratory examinations before and after treatment, and the magnetic resonance imaging showed no abnormal nasal and intracranial masses. Compared to the control group, patients in the treatment group showed apparent improvements in GMFM-88 and ADL 24 months after treatment. Compared with the baseline, the scale scores of the Fine Motor Function, Sociability, Life Adaptability, Expressive Ability, GMFM-88, and ADL increased significantly in the treatment group 24 months after treatment, while the SDSC score decreased considerably. Compared with baseline, the FBN analysis showed a substantial decrease in brain network energy, and the VBM analysis showed a significant increase in gray matter volume in the treatment group after NSCs treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that intranasal administration of NSCs was well-tolerated and potentially beneficial in children with CP. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03005249, registered 29 December 2016, https://www. CLINICALTRIALS gov/ct2/show/NCT03005249 ) and the Medical Research Registration Information System (CMR-20161129-1003).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Lv
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yachen Wang
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Fengyu Cong
- grid.30055.330000 0000 9247 7930School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China ,grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Wanming Cui
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Department of Ent, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Chao Han
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yushan Wei
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Scientific Research Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Xiaojun Hong
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Neurophysiological Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yong Liu
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Luyi Ma
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Yang Jiao
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China ,grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Chi Zhang
- grid.30055.330000 0000 9247 7930School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huanjie Li
- grid.30055.330000 0000 9247 7930School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Mingyan Jin
- grid.30055.330000 0000 9247 7930School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Liang Wang
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Shiwei Ni
- grid.452435.10000 0004 1798 9070Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011 Liaoning China ,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116011, Liaoning, China. .,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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26
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Mali I, Payne M, King C, Maze TR, Davison T, Challans B, Bossmann SH, Plakke B. Adolescent female valproic acid rats have impaired extra-dimensional shifts of attention and enlarged anterior cingulate cortices. Brain Res 2023; 1800:148199. [PMID: 36509128 PMCID: PMC9835202 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop better treatments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) it is critical to understand the developmental trajectory of the disorder and the accompanying brain changes. This study used the valproic acid (VPA) model to induce ASD-like symptoms in rodents. Prior studies have demonstrated that VPA animals are impaired on executive function tasks, paralleling results in humans with ASD. Here, VPA adolescent female rats were impaired on a set-shifting task and had enlarged frontal cortices compared to control females. The deficits observed in the VPA female rats mirrors results in females with ASD. In addition, adolescent VPA females with enlarged frontal cortices performed the worst across the entire task. These brain changes in adolescence are also found in adolescent humans with ASD. These novel findings highlight the importance of studying the brain at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivina Mali
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Macy Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Cole King
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Tessa R Maze
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Taylor Davison
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Brandon Challans
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Bethany Plakke
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.
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27
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Xu W, Kong W, Gao Z, Huang E, Xie W, Wang S, Rui M. Establishment of a novel axon pruning model of Drosophila motor neuron. Biol Open 2023; 12:286282. [PMID: 36606515 PMCID: PMC9838636 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuronal pruning is a process by which neurons selectively remove excessive or unnecessary neurite without causing neuronal death. Importantly, this process is widely used for the refinement of neural circuits in both vertebrates and invertebrates, and may also contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), class IV dendritic arborization (da) sensory neurons of Drosophila, selectively remove the dendrites without losing their somas and axons, while the dendrites and axons of mushroom body (MB) γ neuron in the central nervous system (CNS) are eliminated by localized fragmentation during metamorphosis. Alternatively, dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons is usually investigated via live-cell imaging, while dissection and fixation are currently used for evaluating MB γ neuron axon pruning. Thus, an excellent model system to assess axon specific pruning directly via live-cell imaging remains elusive. Here, we report that the Drosophila motor neuron offers a unique advantage for studying axon pruning. Interestingly, we uncover that long-range projecting axon bundle from soma at ventral nerve cord (VNC), undergoes degeneration rather than retraction during metamorphosis. Strikingly, the pruning process of the motor axon bundle is straightforward to investigate via live imaging and it occurs approximately at 22 h after pupal formation (APF), when axon bundles are completely cleared. Consistently, the classical axon pruning regulators in the Drosophila MB γ neuron, including TGF-β signaling, ecdysone signaling, JNK signaling, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system are also involved in governing motor axon pruning. Finally, our findings establish an unprecedented axon pruning mode that will serve to systematically screen and identify undiscovered axon pruning regulators. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyue Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Weiyu Kong
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ziyang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Erqian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wei Xie
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Su Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China,Authors for correspondence (; )
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28
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Gagnon A, Descoteaux M, Bocti C, Takser L. Better characterization of attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity in children with ADHD: The key to understanding the underlying white matter microstructure. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 327:111568. [PMID: 36434901 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The apparent increase in the prevalence of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis raises many questions regarding the variability of the subjective diagnostic method. This comprehensive review reports findings in studies assessing white matter (WM) bundles in diffusion MRI and symptom severity in children with ADHD. These studies suggested the involvement of the connections between the frontal, parietal, and basal ganglia regions. This review discusses the limitations surrounding diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and suggests novel imaging techniques allowing for a more reliable representation of the underlying biology. We propose a more inclusive approach to studying ADHD that includes known endophenotypes within the ADHD diagnosis. Aligned with the Research Domain Criteria Initiative, we also propose to investigate attentional capabilities and impulsive behaviours outside of the borders of the diagnosis. We support the existing hypothesis that ADHD originates from a developmental error and propose that it could lead to an accumulation in time of abnormalities in WM microstructure and pathways. Finally, state-of-the-art diffusion processing and novel artificial intelligence approaches would be beneficial to fully understand the pathophysiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Gagnon
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maxime Descoteaux
- Sherbrooke Connectivity Imaging Laboratory (SCIL), University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Imeka Solutions Inc, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Christian Bocti
- Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; Research Center on Aging, CIUSSS de l'Estrie-CHUS, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Larissa Takser
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.
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29
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Dzaki N, Bu S, Lau SSY, Yong WL, Yu F. Drosophila GSK3β promotes microtubule disassembly and dendrite pruning in sensory neurons. Development 2022; 149:281771. [PMID: 36264221 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β (GSK3β), a negative regulator of microtubules, is crucial for neuronal polarization, growth and migration during animal development. However, it remains unknown whether GSK3β regulates neuronal pruning, which is a regressive process. Here, we report that the Drosophila GSK3β homologue Shaggy (Sgg) is cell-autonomously required for dendrite pruning of ddaC sensory neurons during metamorphosis. Sgg is necessary and sufficient to promote microtubule depolymerization, turnover and disassembly in the dendrites. Although Sgg is not required for the minus-end-out microtubule orientation in dendrites, hyperactivated Sgg can disturb the dendritic microtubule orientation. Moreover, our pharmacological and genetic data suggest that Sgg is required to promote dendrite pruning at least partly via microtubule disassembly. We show that Sgg and Par-1 kinases act synergistically to promote microtubule disassembly and dendrite pruning. Thus, Sgg and Par-1 might converge on and phosphorylate a common downstream microtubule-associated protein(s) to disassemble microtubules and thereby facilitate dendrite pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Dzaki
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Samuel Song Yuan Lau
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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30
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Inaba M, Ridwan SM, Antel M. Removal of cellular protrusions. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:126-134. [PMID: 35260295 PMCID: PMC9378436 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell communications are central to a variety of physiological and pathological processes in multicellular organisms. Cells often rely on cellular protrusions to communicate with one another, which enable highly selective and efficient signaling within complex tissues. Owing to significant improvements in imaging techniques, identification of signaling protrusions has increased in recent years. These protrusions are structurally specialized for signaling and facilitate interactions between cells. Therefore, physical regulation of these structures must be key for the appropriate strength and pattern of signaling outcomes. However, the typical approaches for understanding signaling regulation tend to focus solely on changes in signaling molecules, such as gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and degradation. In this short review, we summarize the studies proposing the removal of different types of signaling protrusions-including cilia, neurites, MT (microtubule based)-nanotubes and microvilli-and discuss their mechanisms and significance in signaling regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Inaba
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
| | - Sharif M Ridwan
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Matthew Antel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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31
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Poppinga H, Çoban B, Meltzer H, Mayseless O, Widmann A, Schuldiner O, Fiala A. Pruning deficits of the developing Drosophila mushroom body result in mild impairment in associative odour learning and cause hyperactivity. Open Biol 2022; 12:220096. [PMID: 36128716 PMCID: PMC9490343 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The principles of how brain circuits establish themselves during development are largely conserved across animal species. Connections made during embryonic development that are appropriate for an early life stage are frequently remodelled later in ontogeny via pruning and subsequent regrowth to generate adult-specific connectivity. The mushroom body of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a well-established model circuit for examining the cellular mechanisms underlying neurite remodelling. This central brain circuit integrates sensory information with learned and innate valences to adaptively instruct behavioural decisions. Thereby, the mushroom body organizes adaptive behaviour, such as associative learning. However, little is known about the specific aspects of behaviour that require mushroom body remodelling. Here, we used genetic interventions to prevent the intrinsic neurons of the larval mushroom body (γ-type Kenyon cells) from remodelling. We asked to what degree remodelling deficits resulted in impaired behaviour. We found that deficits caused hyperactivity and mild impairment in differential aversive olfactory learning, but not appetitive learning. Maintenance of circadian rhythm and sleep were not affected. We conclude that neurite pruning and regrowth of γ-type Kenyon cells is not required for the establishment of circuits that mediate associative odour learning per se, but it does improve distinct learning tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiko Poppinga
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Büşra Çoban
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hagar Meltzer
- Departments for Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Oded Mayseless
- Departments for Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Annekathrin Widmann
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Departments for Molecular Cell Biology and Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Ullmann Building of Life Sciences, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - André Fiala
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology of Behaviour, University of Göttingen, Julia-Lermontowa-Weg 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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32
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Godini R, Fallahi H, Pocock R. The regulatory landscape of neurite development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:974208. [PMID: 36090252 PMCID: PMC9453034 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.974208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal communication requires precise connectivity of neurite projections (axons and dendrites). Developing neurites express cell-surface receptors that interpret extracellular cues to enable correct guidance toward, and connection with, target cells. Spatiotemporal regulation of neurite guidance molecule expression by transcription factors (TFs) is critical for nervous system development and function. Here, we review how neurite development is regulated by TFs in the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system. By collecting publicly available transcriptome and ChIP-sequencing data, we reveal gene expression dynamics during neurite development, providing insight into transcriptional mechanisms governing construction of the nervous system architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Godini
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Rasoul Godini,
| | - Hossein Fallahi
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roger Pocock
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Roger Pocock,
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33
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Ma X, Li X, Wang W, Zhang M, Yang B, Miao Z. Phosphatidylserine, inflammation, and central nervous system diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:975176. [PMID: 35992593 PMCID: PMC9382310 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.975176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an anionic phospholipid in the eukaryotic membrane and is abundant in the brain. Accumulated studies have revealed that PS is involved in the multiple functions of the brain, such as activation of membrane signaling pathways, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission, and synaptic refinement. Those functions of PS are related to central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In this review, we discuss the metabolism of PS, the anti-inflammation function of PS in the brain; the alterations of PS in different CNS diseases, and the possibility of PS to serve as a therapeutic agent for diseases. Clinical studies have showed that PS has no side effects and is well tolerated. Therefore, PS and PS liposome could be a promising supplementation for these neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Yang,
| | - Zhigang Miao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Zhigang Miao,
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34
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Yuh Chew L, He J, Wong JJL, Li S, Yu F. AMPK activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to govern dendrite pruning via the insulin pathway in Drosophila. Development 2022; 149:275791. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
During Drosophila metamorphosis, the ddaC dendritic arborisation sensory neurons selectively prune their larval dendrites in response to steroid hormone ecdysone signalling. The Nrf2-Keap1 pathway acts downstream of ecdysone signalling to promote proteasomal degradation and thereby dendrite pruning. However, how the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is activated remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the metabolic regulator AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a cell-autonomous role in dendrite pruning. Importantly, AMPK is required for Mical and Headcase expression and for activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. We reveal that AMPK promotes the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning partly via inhibition of the insulin pathway. Moreover, the AMPK-insulin pathway is required for ecdysone signalling to activate the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway during dendrite pruning. Overall, this study reveals an important mechanism whereby ecdysone signalling activates the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway via the AMPK-insulin pathway to promote dendrite pruning, and further suggests that during the nonfeeding prepupal stage metabolic alterations lead to activation of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway and dendrite pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yuh Chew
- 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , , 117604 , Singapore
- National University of Singapore 2 Department of Biological Sciences , , 117543 , Singapore
| | - Jianzheng He
- 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , , 117604 , Singapore
| | - Jack Jing Lin Wong
- 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , , 117604 , Singapore
| | - Sheng Li
- Institute of Insect Science and Technology & School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology , , Guangzhou 510631 , China
| | - Fengwei Yu
- 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore 1 Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory , , 117604 , Singapore
- National University of Singapore 2 Department of Biological Sciences , , 117543 , Singapore
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35
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Bu S, Tang Q, Wang Y, Lau SSY, Yong WL, Yu F. Drosophila CLASP regulates microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning by suppressing Par-1 kinase. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110887. [PMID: 35649352 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved CLASPs (cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins) are microtubule-associated proteins that inhibit microtubule catastrophe and promote rescue. CLASPs can regulate axonal elongation and dendrite branching in growing neurons. However, their roles in microtubule orientation and neurite pruning in remodeling neurons remain unknown. Here, we identify the Drosophila CLASP homolog Orbit/MAST, which is required for dendrite pruning in ddaC sensory neurons during metamorphosis. Orbit is important for maintenance of the minus-end-out microtubule orientation in ddaC dendrites. Our structural analysis reveals that the microtubule lattice-binding TOG2 domain is required for Orbit to regulate dendritic microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning. In a genetic modifier screen, we further identify the conserved Par-1 kinase as a suppressor of Orbit in dendritic microtubule orientation. Moreover, elevated Par-1 function impairs dendritic microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning, phenocopying orbit mutants. Overall, our study demonstrates that Drosophila CLASP governs dendritic microtubule orientation and dendrite pruning at least partly via suppressing Par-1 kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Quan Tang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Wang
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Song Yuan Lau
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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36
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Meltzer H, Schuldiner O. Spatiotemporal Control of Neuronal Remodeling by Cell Adhesion Molecules: Insights From Drosophila. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:897706. [PMID: 35645712 PMCID: PMC9135462 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.897706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental neuronal remodeling is required for shaping the precise connectivity of the mature nervous system. Remodeling involves pruning of exuberant neural connections, often followed by regrowth of adult-specific ones, as a strategy to refine neural circuits. Errors in remodeling are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as schizophrenia and autism. Despite its fundamental nature, our understanding of the mechanisms governing neuronal remodeling is far from complete. Specifically, how precise spatiotemporal control of remodeling and rewiring is achieved is largely unknown. In recent years, cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), and other cell surface and secreted proteins of various families, have been implicated in processes of neurite pruning and wiring specificity during circuit reassembly. Here, we review some of the known as well as speculated roles of CAMs in these processes, highlighting recent advances in uncovering spatiotemporal aspects of regulation. Our focus is on the fruit fly Drosophila, which is emerging as a powerful model in the field, due to the extensive, well-characterized and stereotypic remodeling events occurring throughout its nervous system during metamorphosis, combined with the wide and constantly growing toolkit to identify CAM binding and resulting cellular interactions in vivo. We believe that its many advantages pose Drosophila as a leading candidate for future breakthroughs in the field of neuronal remodeling in general, and spatiotemporal control by CAMs specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Meltzer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- *Correspondence: Hagar Meltzer,
| | - Oren Schuldiner
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Oren Schuldiner,
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37
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Ring NAR, Valdivieso K, Grillari J, Redl H, Ogrodnik M. The role of senescence in cellular plasticity: Lessons from regeneration and development and implications for age-related diseases. Dev Cell 2022; 57:1083-1101. [PMID: 35472291 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Senescence is a cellular state which involves cell cycle arrest and a proinflammatory phenotype, and it has traditionally been associated with cellular and organismal aging. However, increasing evidence suggests key roles in tissue growth and regrowth, especially during development and regeneration. Conversely, cellular plasticity-the capacity of cells to undergo identity change, including differentiation and dedifferentiation-is associated with development and regeneration but is now being investigated in the context of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer disease. Here, we discuss the paradox of the role for cellular senescence in cellular plasticity: senescence can act as a cell-autonomous barrier and a paracrine driver of plasticity. We provide a conceptual framework for integrating recent data and use the interplay between cellular senescence and plasticity to provide insight into age-related diseases. Finally, we argue that age-related diseases can be better deciphered when senescence is recognized as a core mechanism of regeneration and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Anneliese Ruth Ring
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karla Valdivieso
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mikolaj Ogrodnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Research Group Senescence and Healing of Wounds, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Traumatology, The Research Center in Cooperation with AUVA, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.
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38
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Midorikawa M. Pathway-specific maturation of presynaptic functions of the somatosensory thalamus. Neurosci Res 2022; 181:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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39
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Moreland T, Poulain FE. To Stick or Not to Stick: The Multiple Roles of Cell Adhesion Molecules in Neural Circuit Assembly. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:889155. [PMID: 35573298 PMCID: PMC9096351 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.889155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise wiring of neural circuits is essential for brain connectivity and function. During development, axons respond to diverse cues present in the extracellular matrix or at the surface of other cells to navigate to specific targets, where they establish precise connections with post-synaptic partners. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) represent a large group of structurally diverse proteins well known to mediate adhesion for neural circuit assembly. Through their adhesive properties, CAMs act as major regulators of axon navigation, fasciculation, and synapse formation. While the adhesive functions of CAMs have been known for decades, more recent studies have unraveled essential, non-adhesive functions as well. CAMs notably act as guidance cues and modulate guidance signaling pathways for axon pathfinding, initiate contact-mediated repulsion for spatial organization of axonal arbors, and refine neuronal projections during circuit maturation. In this review, we summarize the classical adhesive functions of CAMs in axonal development and further discuss the increasing number of other non-adhesive functions CAMs play in neural circuit assembly.
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40
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Lai YW, Miyares RL, Liu LY, Chu SY, Lee T, Yu HH. Hormone-controlled changes in the differentiation state of post-mitotic neurons. Curr Biol 2022; 32:2341-2348.e3. [PMID: 35508173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While we think of neurons as having a fixed identity, many show spectacular plasticity.1-10 Metamorphosis drives massive changes in the fly brain;11,12 neurons that persist into adulthood often change in response to the steroid hormone ecdysone.13,14 Besides driving remodeling,11-14 ecdysone signaling can also alter the differentiation status of neurons.7,15 The three sequentially born subtypes of mushroom body (MB) Kenyon cells (γ, followed by α'/β', and finally α/β)16 serve as a model of temporal fating.17-21 γ neurons are also used as a model of remodeling during metamorphosis. As γ neurons are the only functional Kenyon cells in the larval brain, they serve the function of all three adult subtypes. Correspondingly, larval γ neurons have a similar morphology to α'/β' and α/β neurons-their axons project dorsally and medially. During metamorphosis, γ neurons remodel to form a single medial projection. Both temporal fate changes and defects in remodeling therefore alter γ-neuron morphology in similar ways. Mamo, a broad-complex, tramtrack, and bric-à-brac/poxvirus and zinc finger (BTB/POZ) transcription factor critical for temporal specification of α'/β' neurons,18,19 was recently described as essential for γ remodeling.22 In a previous study, we noticed a change in the number of adult Kenyon cells expressing γ-specific markers when mamo was manipulated.18 These data implied a role for Mamo in γ-neuron fate specification, yet mamo is not expressed in γ neurons until pupariation,18,22 well past γ specification. This indicates that mamo has a later role in ensuring that γ neurons express the correct Kenyon cell subtype-specific genes in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wei Lai
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rosa L Miyares
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Ling-Yu Liu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Sao-Yu Chu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tzumin Lee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA.
| | - Hung-Hsiang Yu
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Academia Road, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.
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41
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Tymanskyj SR, Curran BM, Ma L. Selective axonal transport through branch junctions is directed by growth cone signaling and mediated by KIF1/kinesin-3 motors. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110748. [PMID: 35476993 PMCID: PMC9097860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and function of nerve cells rely on the orchestration of microtubule-based transport from the cell body into distal axonal terminals. Neurons often have highly elaborate branches innervating multiple targets, but how protein or membrane cargos navigate through branch junctions to specific branch targets is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that anterograde transport of membrane vesicles through axonal branch junctions is highly selective, which is influenced by branch length and more strongly by growth cone motility. Using an optogenetic tool, we demonstrate that signaling from the growth cone can rapidly direct transport through branch junctions. We further demonstrate that such transport selectivity is differentially regulated for different vesicles and mediated by the KIF1/kinesin-3 family motors. We propose that this transport regulation through branch junctions could broadly impact neuronal development, function, and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R Tymanskyj
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Center for Synaptic Biology, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Bridget M Curran
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Center for Synaptic Biology, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Le Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Center for Synaptic Biology, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sydney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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42
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Boulanger A, Dura JM. Neuron-glia crosstalk in neuronal remodeling and degeneration: Neuronal signals inducing glial cell phagocytic transformation in Drosophila. Bioessays 2022; 44:e2100254. [PMID: 35315125 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal remodeling is a conserved mechanism that eliminates unwanted neurites and can include the loss of cell bodies. In these processes, a key role for glial cells in events from synaptic pruning to neuron elimination has been clearly identified in the last decades. Signals sent from dying neurons or neurites to be removed are received by appropriate glial cells. After receiving these signals, glial cells infiltrate degenerating sites and then, engulf and clear neuronal debris through phagocytic mechanisms. There are few identified or proposed signals and receptors involved in neuron-glia crosstalk, which induces the transformation of glial cells to phagocytes during neuronal remodeling in Drosophila. Many of these signaling pathways are conserved in mammals. Here, we particularly emphasize the role of Orion, a recently identified neuronal CX3 C chemokine-like secreted protein, which induces astrocyte infiltration and engulfment during mushroom body neuronal remodeling. Although, chemokine signaling was not described previously in insects we propose that chemokine-like involvement in neuron/glial cell interaction is an evolutionarily ancient mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Boulanger
- IGH, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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43
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Juanez K, Ghose P. Repurposing the Killing Machine: Non-canonical Roles of the Cell Death Apparatus in Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:825124. [PMID: 35237604 PMCID: PMC8882910 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.825124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we highlight the increasingly divergent functions of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell elimination genes in the nervous system, beyond their well-documented roles in cell dismantling and removal. We describe relevant background on the C. elegans nervous system together with the apoptotic cell death and engulfment pathways, highlighting pioneering work in C. elegans. We discuss in detail the unexpected, atypical roles of cell elimination genes in various aspects of neuronal development, response and function. This includes the regulation of cell division, pruning, axon regeneration, and behavioral outputs. We share our outlook on expanding our thinking as to what cell elimination genes can do and noting their versatility. We speculate on the existence of novel genes downstream and upstream of the canonical cell death pathways relevant to neuronal biology. We also propose future directions emphasizing the exploration of the roles of cell death genes in pruning and guidance during embryonic development.
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44
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Merging pruning and neuroevolution: towards robust and efficient controllers for modular soft robots. KNOWL ENG REV 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0269888921000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) can be employed as controllers for robotic agents. Their structure is often complex, with many neurons and connections, especially when the robots have many sensors and actuators distributed across their bodies and/or when high expressive power is desirable. Pruning (removing neurons or connections) reduces the complexity of the ANN, thus increasing its energy efficiency, and has been reported to improve the generalization capability, in some cases. In addition, it is well-known that pruning in biological neural networks plays a fundamental role in the development of brains and their ability to learn. In this study, we consider the evolutionary optimization of neural controllers for the case study of Voxel-based soft robots, a kind of modular, bio-inspired soft robots, applying pruning during fitness evaluation. For a locomotion task, and for centralized as well as distributed controllers, we experimentally characterize the effect of different forms of pruning on after-pruning effectiveness, life-long effectiveness, adaptability to new terrains, and behavior. We find that incorporating some forms of pruning in neuroevolution leads to almost equally effective controllers as those evolved without pruning, with the benefit of higher robustness to pruning. We also observe occasional improvements in generalization ability.
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45
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Faust TE, Gunner G, Schafer DP. Mechanisms governing activity-dependent synaptic pruning in the developing mammalian CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:657-673. [PMID: 34545240 PMCID: PMC8541743 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Almost 60 years have passed since the initial discovery by Hubel and Wiesel that changes in neuronal activity can elicit developmental rewiring of the central nervous system (CNS). Over this period, we have gained a more comprehensive picture of how both spontaneous neural activity and sensory experience-induced changes in neuronal activity guide CNS circuit development. Here we review activity-dependent synaptic pruning in the mammalian CNS, which we define as the removal of a subset of synapses, while others are maintained, in response to changes in neural activity in the developing nervous system. We discuss the mounting evidence that immune and cell-death molecules are important mechanistic links by which changes in neural activity guide the pruning of specific synapses, emphasizing the role of glial cells in this process. Finally, we discuss how these developmental pruning programmes may go awry in neurodevelopmental disorders of the human CNS, focusing on autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Together, our aim is to give an overview of how the field of activity-dependent pruning research has evolved, led to exciting new questions and guided the identification of new, therapeutically relevant mechanisms that result in aberrant circuit development in neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis E Faust
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Georgia Gunner
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Dorothy P Schafer
- Department of Neurobiology, Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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46
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Mahan VL. Effects of lactate and carbon monoxide interactions on neuroprotection and neuropreservation. Med Gas Res 2021; 11:158-173. [PMID: 34213499 PMCID: PMC8374456 DOI: 10.4103/2045-9912.318862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactate, historically considered a waste product of anerobic metabolism, is a metabolite in whole-body metabolism needed for normal central nervous system (CNS) functions and a potent signaling molecule and hormone in the CNS. Neuronal activity signals normally induce its formation primarily in astrocytes and production is dependent on anerobic and aerobic metabolisms. Functions are dependent on normal dynamic, expansive, and evolving CNS functions. Levels can change under normal physiologic conditions and with CNS pathology. A readily combusted fuel that is sshuttled throughout the body, lactate is used as an energy source and is needed for CNS hemostasis, plasticity, memory, and excitability. Diffusion beyond the neuron active zone impacts activity of neurons and astrocytes in other areas of the brain. Barriergenesis, function of the blood-brain barrier, and buffering between oxidative metabolism and glycolysis and brain metabolism are affected by lactate. Important to neuroprotection, presence or absence is associated with L-lactate and heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide (a gasotransmitter) neuroprotective systems. Effects of carbon monoxide on L-lactate affect neuroprotection - interactions of the gasotransmitter with L-lactate are important to CNS stability, which will be reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki L. Mahan
- Department of Surgery and Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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47
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Simon DJ, Belsky DM, Bowen ME, Ohn CYJ, O'Rourke MK, Shen R, Kim G, Pitts J, Attardi LD, Tessier-Lavigne M. An anterograde pathway for sensory axon degeneration gated by a cytoplasmic action of the transcriptional regulator P53. Dev Cell 2021; 56:976-984.e3. [PMID: 33823136 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Axon remodeling through sprouting and pruning contributes to the refinement of developing neural circuits. A prominent example is the pruning of developing sensory axons deprived of neurotrophic support, which is mediated by a caspase-dependent (apoptotic) degeneration process. Distal sensory axons possess a latent apoptotic pathway, but a cell body-derived signal that travels anterogradely down the axon is required for pathway activation. The signaling mechanisms that underlie this anterograde process are poorly understood. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor P53 is required for anterograde signaling. Interestingly loss of P53 blocks axonal but not somatic (i.e., cell body) caspase activation. Unexpectedly, P53 does not appear to have an acute transcriptional role in this process and instead appears to act in the cytoplasm to directly activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in axons. Our data support the operation of a cytoplasmic role for P53 in the anterograde death of developing sensory axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Simon
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Deanna M Belsky
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margot E Bowen
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Y J Ohn
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Shen
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garam Kim
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jason Pitts
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Laura D Attardi
- Division of Radiation and Cancer Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Marc Tessier-Lavigne
- Laboratory of Brain Development and Repair, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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48
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Metwally E, Zhao G, Zhang YQ. The calcium-dependent protease calpain in neuronal remodeling and neurodegeneration. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:741-752. [PMID: 34417060 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calpains are evolutionarily conserved and widely expressed Ca2+-activated cysteine proteases that act at neutral pH. The activity of calpains is tightly regulated, given that their abnormal activation can have deleterious effects leading to promiscuous cleavage of various targets. Genetic mutations in the genes encoding calpains are associated with human diseases, while abnormally elevated Ca2+ levels promote Ca2+-dependent calpain activation in pathologies associated with ischemic insults and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the regulation of calpain activity and activation as revealed through pharmacological, genetic, and optogenetic approaches. Furthermore, we highlight studies elucidating the role of calpains in dendrite pruning and axon degeneration in the context of Ca2+ homeostasis. Finally, we discuss future directions for the study of calpains and potential therapeutic strategies for inhibiting calpain activity in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsayed Metwally
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China; Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Guoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yong Q Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10080, China.
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49
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Asadi M, Taghizadeh S, Kaviani E, Vakili O, Taheri-Anganeh M, Tahamtan M, Savardashtaki A. Caspase-3: Structure, function, and biotechnological aspects. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1633-1645. [PMID: 34342377 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3, a cysteine-aspartic acid protease, has recently attracted much attention because of its incredible roles in tissue differentiation, regeneration, and neural development. This enzyme is a key zymogen in cell apoptosis and is not activated until it is cleaved by initiator caspases during apoptotic flux. Since caspase-3 has represented valuable capabilities in the field of medical research, biotechnological aspects of this enzyme, including the production of recombinant type, protein engineering, and designing delivery systems, have been considered as emerging therapeutic strategies in treating the apoptosis-related disorders. To date, several advances have been made in the therapeutic use of caspase-3 in the management of some diseases such as cancers, heart failure, and neurodegenerative disorders. In the current review, we intend to discuss the caspase-3's structure, functions, therapeutic applications, as well as its molecular cloning, protein engineering, and relevant delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeed Taghizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elina Kaviani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahshid Tahamtan
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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50
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Bu S, Yong WL, Lim BJW, Kondo S, Yu F. A systematic analysis of microtubule-destabilizing factors during dendrite pruning in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52679. [PMID: 34338441 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been thought that microtubule disassembly, one of the earliest cellular events, contributes to neuronal pruning and neurodegeneration in development and disease. However, how microtubule disassembly drives neuronal pruning remains poorly understood. Here, we conduct a systematic investigation of various microtubule-destabilizing factors and identify exchange factor for Arf6 (Efa6) and Stathmin (Stai) as new regulators of dendrite pruning in ddaC sensory neurons during Drosophila metamorphosis. We show that Efa6 is both necessary and sufficient to regulate dendrite pruning. Interestingly, Efa6 and Stai facilitate microtubule turnover and disassembly prior to dendrite pruning without compromising the minus-end-out microtubule orientation in dendrites. Moreover, our pharmacological and genetic manipulations strongly support a key role of microtubule disassembly in promoting dendrite pruning. Thus, this systematic study highlights the importance of two selective microtubule destabilizers in dendrite pruning and substantiates a causal link between microtubule disassembly and neuronal pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufeng Bu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Lin Yong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bryan Jian Wei Lim
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Kondo
- Invertebrate Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Fengwei Yu
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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