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Jiang K, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S, Li Q. Molecular characterization of transcription factor CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 and their role in melanogenesis in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 273:110970. [PMID: 38604561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Colorful shells in mollusks are commonly attributable to the presence of biological pigments. In Pacific oysters, the inheritance patterns of several shell colors have been investigated, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of melanogenesis and pigmentation. cAMP-response element binding proteins (CREB) are important transcription factors in the cAMP-mediated melanogenesis pathway. In this study, we characterized two CREB genes (CREB3L2 and CREB3L3) from Pacific oysters. Both of them contained a conserved DNA-binding and dimerization domain (a basic-leucine zipper domain). CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 were expressed highly in the mantle tissues and exhibited higher expression levels in the black-shell oyster than in the white. Masson-Fontana melanin staining and immunofluorescence analysis showed that the location of CREB3L2 protein was generally consistent with the distribution of melanin in oyster edge mantle. Dual-luciferase reporter assays revealed that CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 could activate the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) promoter and this process was regulated by the level of cAMP. Additionally, we found that cAMP regulated melanogenic gene expression through the CREB-MITF-TYR axis. These results implied that CREB3L2 and CREB3L3 play important roles in melanin synthesis and pigmentation in Pacific oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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2
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Holic L. Common skin cancers and their association with other non-cutaneous primary malignancies: a review of the literature. Med Oncol 2024; 41:157. [PMID: 38758457 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-024-02385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that a history of skin cancer puts one at risk for additional primary skin cancers. However, more variable data exists for the risk of developing a non-cutaneous primary cancer following a diagnosis of skin cancer. The data are most variable for Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC), the most common and least aggressive type of skin cancer. While early studies imply that BCC does not impart a larger risk of other primary non-cutaneous cancers, more recent studies with larger populations suggest otherwise. The cancers most significantly associated with BCC are lip, oropharyngeal, and salivary gland cancer. There is also burgeoning evidence to suggest a link between BCC and prostate, breast, and colorectal cancer, but more data are needed to draw a concrete conclusion. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC), the second most common type of skin cancer, has a slightly more defined risk to other non-cutaneous primary malignancies. There is a notable link between SCC and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), possibly due to immunosuppression. There is also an increased risk of other cancers derived from squamous epithelium following SCC, including oropharyngeal, lip, and salivary gland cancer. Some studies also suggest an increased risk of respiratory tract cancer following SCC, possibly due to shared risk factors. Melanoma, a more severe type of skin cancer, shows a well-defined risk of additional primary non-cutaneous malignancies. The most significant of these risks include NHL, thyroid cancer, prostate cancer, and breast cancer along with a host of other cancers. Each of these three main skin cancer types has a profile of genetic mutations that have also been linked to non-cutaneous malignancies. In this review, we discuss a selection of these genes to highlight the complex interplay between different tumorigenesis processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Holic
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA.
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3
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Wang Y, Peng J, Yang D, Xing Z, Jiang B, Ding X, Jiang C, Ouyang B, Su L. From metabolism to malignancy: the multifaceted role of PGC1α in cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1383809. [PMID: 38774408 PMCID: PMC11106418 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1383809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PGC1α, a central player in mitochondrial biology, holds a complex role in the metabolic shifts seen in cancer cells. While its dysregulation is common across major cancers, its impact varies. In some cases, downregulation promotes aerobic glycolysis and progression, whereas in others, overexpression escalates respiration and aggression. PGC1α's interactions with distinct signaling pathways and transcription factors further diversify its roles, often in a tissue-specific manner. Understanding these multifaceted functions could unlock innovative therapeutic strategies. However, challenges exist in managing the metabolic adaptability of cancer cells and refining PGC1α-targeted approaches. This review aims to collate and present the current knowledge on the expression patterns, regulators, binding partners, and roles of PGC1α in diverse cancers. We examined PGC1α's tissue-specific functions and elucidated its dual nature as both a potential tumor suppressor and an oncogenic collaborator. In cancers where PGC1α is tumor-suppressive, reinstating its levels could halt cell proliferation and invasion, and make the cells more receptive to chemotherapy. In cancers where the opposite is true, halting PGC1α's upregulation can be beneficial as it promotes oxidative phosphorylation, allows cancer cells to adapt to stress, and promotes a more aggressive cancer phenotype. Thus, to target PGC1α effectively, understanding its nuanced role in each cancer subtype is indispensable. This can pave the way for significant strides in the field of oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianing Peng
- Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dengyuan Yang
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjie Xing
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Ding
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyu Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Ouyang
- Department of Surgery, Nanjing Central Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Chatzi D, Kyriakoudi SA, Dermitzakis I, Manthou ME, Meditskou S, Theotokis P. Clinical and Genetic Correlation in Neurocristopathies: Bridging a Precision Medicine Gap. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2223. [PMID: 38673496 PMCID: PMC11050951 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurocristopathies (NCPs) encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from issues during the formation and migration of neural crest cells (NCCs). NCCs undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upon key developmental gene deregulation, fetuses and neonates are prone to exhibit diverse manifestations depending on the affected area. These conditions are generally rare and often have a genetic basis, with many following Mendelian inheritance patterns, thus making them perfect candidates for precision medicine. Examples include cranial NCPs, like Goldenhar syndrome and Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome; cardiac-vagal NCPs, such as DiGeorge syndrome; truncal NCPs, like congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome; and enteric NCPs, such as Hirschsprung disease. Additionally, NCCs' migratory and differentiating nature makes their derivatives prone to tumors, with various cancer types categorized based on their NCC origin. Representative examples include schwannomas and pheochromocytomas. This review summarizes current knowledge of diseases arising from defects in NCCs' specification and highlights the potential of precision medicine to remedy a clinical phenotype by targeting the genotype, particularly important given that those affected are primarily infants and young children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paschalis Theotokis
- Department of Histology-Embryology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (D.C.); (S.A.K.); (I.D.); (M.E.M.); (S.M.)
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5
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Coutant K, Magne B, Ferland K, Fuentes-Rodriguez A, Chancy O, Mitchell A, Germain L, Landreville S. Melanocytes in regenerative medicine applications and disease modeling. J Transl Med 2024; 22:336. [PMID: 38589876 PMCID: PMC11003097 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanocytes are dendritic cells localized in skin, eyes, hair follicles, ears, heart and central nervous system. They are characterized by the presence of melanosomes enriched in melanin which are responsible for skin, eye and hair pigmentation. They also have different functions in photoprotection, immunity and sound perception. Melanocyte dysfunction can cause pigmentary disorders, hearing and vision impairments or increased cancer susceptibility. This review focuses on the role of melanocytes in homeostasis and disease, before discussing their potential in regenerative medicine applications, such as for disease modeling, drug testing or therapy development using stem cell technologies, tissue engineering and extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Coutant
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Brice Magne
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Karel Ferland
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Fuentes-Rodriguez
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chancy
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Lucie Germain
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
| | - Solange Landreville
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology-Cervico-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Université Laval Cancer Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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6
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Marrapodi R, Bellei B. The Keratinocyte in the Picture Cutaneous Melanoma Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:913. [PMID: 38473275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma progression is a multistep evolution from a common melanocytic nevus through a radial superficial growth phase, the invasive vertical growth phase finally leading to metastatic dissemination into distant organs. Melanoma aggressiveness largely depends on the propensity to metastasize, which means the capacity to escape from the physiological microenvironment since tissue damage due to primary melanoma lesions is generally modest. Physiologically, epidermal melanocytes are attached to the basement membrane, and their adhesion/migration is under the control of surrounding keratinocytes. Thus, the epidermal compartment represents the first microenvironment responsible for melanoma spread. This complex process involves cell-cell contact and a broad range of secreted bioactive molecules. Invasion, or at the beginning of the microinvasion, implies the breakdown of the dermo-epidermal basement membrane followed by the migration of neoplastic melanocytic cells in the superficial papillary dermis. Correspondingly, several experimental evidences documented the structural and functional rearrangement of the entire tissue surrounding neoplasm that in some way reflects the atypia of tumor cells. Lastly, the microenvironment must support the proliferation and survival of melanocytes outside the normal epidermal-melanin units. This task presumably is mostly delegated to fibroblasts and ultimately to the self-autonomous capacity of melanoma cells. This review will discuss remodeling that occurs in the epidermis during melanoma formation as well as skin changes that occur independently of melanocytic hyperproliferation having possible pro-tumoral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Marrapodi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Bellei
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144 Rome, Italy
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7
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Yu J, Leng J, Hou Z, Sun D, Wu LY. Incorporating network diffusion and peak location information for better single-cell ATAC-seq data analysis. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae093. [PMID: 38493346 PMCID: PMC10944575 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (scATAC-seq) data provided new insights into the understanding of epigenetic heterogeneity and transcriptional regulation. With the increasing abundance of dataset resources, there is an urgent need to extract more useful information through high-quality data analysis methods specifically designed for scATAC-seq. However, analyzing scATAC-seq data poses challenges due to its near binarization, high sparsity and ultra-high dimensionality properties. Here, we proposed a novel network diffusion-based computational method to comprehensively analyze scATAC-seq data, named Single-Cell ATAC-seq Analysis via Network Refinement with Peaks Location Information (SCARP). SCARP formulates the Network Refinement diffusion method under the graph theory framework to aggregate information from different network orders, effectively compensating for missing signals in the scATAC-seq data. By incorporating distance information between adjacent peaks on the genome, SCARP also contributes to depicting the co-accessibility of peaks. These two innovations empower SCARP to obtain lower-dimensional representations for both cells and peaks more effectively. We have demonstrated through sufficient experiments that SCARP facilitated superior analyses of scATAC-seq data. Specifically, SCARP exhibited outstanding cell clustering performance, enabling better elucidation of cell heterogeneity and the discovery of new biologically significant cell subpopulations. Additionally, SCARP was also instrumental in portraying co-accessibility relationships of accessible regions and providing new insight into transcriptional regulation. Consequently, SCARP identified genes that were involved in key Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways related to diseases and predicted reliable cis-regulatory interactions. To sum up, our studies suggested that SCARP is a promising tool to comprehensively analyze the scATAC-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiating Yu
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiacheng Leng
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Zhichao Hou
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duanchen Sun
- School of Mathematics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ling-Yun Wu
- IAM, MADIS, NCMIS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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8
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Al Hmada Y, Brodell RT, Kharouf N, Flanagan TW, Alamodi AA, Hassan SY, Shalaby H, Hassan SL, Haikel Y, Megahed M, Santourlidis S, Hassan M. Mechanisms of Melanoma Progression and Treatment Resistance: Role of Cancer Stem-like Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:470. [PMID: 38275910 PMCID: PMC10814963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer, characterized by its heterogeneity and propensity to metastasize to distant organs. Melanoma is a heterogeneous tumor, composed of genetically divergent subpopulations, including a small fraction of melanoma-initiating cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and many non-cancer stem cells (non-CSCs). CSCs are characterized by their unique surface proteins associated with aberrant signaling pathways with a causal or consequential relationship with tumor progression, drug resistance, and recurrence. Melanomas also harbor significant alterations in functional genes (BRAF, CDKN2A, NRAS, TP53, and NF1). Of these, the most common are the BRAF and NRAS oncogenes, with 50% of melanomas demonstrating the BRAF mutation (BRAFV600E). While the successful targeting of BRAFV600E does improve overall survival, the long-term efficacy of available therapeutic options is limited due to adverse side effects and reduced clinical efficacy. Additionally, drug resistance develops rapidly via mechanisms involving fast feedback re-activation of MAPK signaling pathways. This article updates information relevant to the mechanisms of melanoma progression and resistance and particularly the mechanistic role of CSCs in melanoma progression, drug resistance, and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Al Hmada
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Robert T. Brodell
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS 39216, USA; (Y.A.H.); (R.T.B.)
| | - Naji Kharouf
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas W. Flanagan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Abdulhadi A. Alamodi
- College of Health Sciences, Jackson State University, 310 W Woodrow Wilson Ave Ste 300, Jackson, MS 39213, USA;
| | - Sofie-Yasmin Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Hosam Shalaby
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Sarah-Lilly Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Youssef Haikel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Pôle de Médecine et Chirurgie Bucco-Dentaire, Hôpital Civil, Hôpitaux Universitaire de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mosaad Megahed
- Clinic of Dermatology, University Hospital of Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Simeon Santourlidis
- Epigenetics Core Laboratory, Medical Faculty, Institute of Transplantation Diagnostics and Cell Therapeutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (N.K.); (Y.H.)
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dental Faculty, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Research Laboratory of Surgery-Oncology, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Kim SH, Na C, Yun CY, Kim JG, Baek ST, An HJ, Lee JD, Lee SW, Jung JK, Hwang BY, Han SB, Kim Y. Targeting phosphorylation circuits on CREB and CRTCs as the strategy to prevent acquired skin hyperpigmentation. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:312-330. [PMID: 38164184 PMCID: PMC10750286 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.86536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and CREB-regulated transcription coactivators (CRTCs) cooperate in the transcriptional activation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor subtype M (MITF-M) that is a master regulator in the biogenesis, pigmentation and transfer of melanosomes at epidermal melanocytes. Here, we propose the targeting of phosphorylation circuits on CREB and CRTCs in the expression of MITF-M as the rationale to prevent skin hyperpigmentation by elucidating the inhibitory activity and mechanism of yakuchinone A (Yaku A) on facultative melanogenesis. Methods: We employed human epidermal melanocyte cell, mouse skin, and mouse melanoma cell, and applied Western blotting, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy to conduct this study. Results: This study suggested that α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanogenic programs could switch on the axis of protein kinase A-salt inducible kinases (PKA-SIKs) rather than that of PKA-AMP activated protein kinase (PKA-AMPK) during the dephosphorylation of CRTCs in the expression of MITF-M. SIK inhibitors rather than AMPK inhibitors stimulated melanin production in melanocyte cultures in the absence of extracellular melanogenic stimuli, wherein SIK inhibitors increased the dephosphorylation of CRTCs but bypassed the phosphorylation of CREB for the expression of MITF-M. Treatment with Yaku A prevented ultraviolet B (UV-B)-irradiated skin hyperpigmentation in mice and inhibited melanin production in α-MSH- or SIK inhibitor-activated melanocyte cultures. Mechanistically, Yaku A suppressed the expression of MITF-M via dually targeting the i) cAMP-dependent dissociation of PKA holoenzyme at the upstream from PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of CREB coupled with PKA-SIKs axis-mediated dephosphorylation of CRTCs in α-MSH-induced melanogenic programs, and ii) nuclear import of CRTCs after SIK inhibitor-induced dephosphorylation of CRTCs. Conclusions: Taken together, the targeting phosphorylation circuits on CREB and CRTCs in the expression of MITF-M could be a suitable strategy to prevent pigmentary disorders in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Changseon Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Cheng-Yong Yun
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
- R&D Center, The Skin's Co. Ltd, Jecheon 27116, Korea
| | - Jun Gu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | | | - Hyun Jin An
- R&D Center, Yeomyung Biochem Co. Ltd, Cheongju 28172, Korea
| | - Jae Duk Lee
- R&D Center, Yeomyung Biochem Co. Ltd, Cheongju 28172, Korea
| | - Seung Wha Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Jae-Kyung Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Bang Yeon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Sang-Bae Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
| | - Youngoo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28160, Korea
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10
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Pisamai S, Edwards SW, Cheng CW, Chaivichit P, Sooksiri M, Yanakam S, Maneewong S, Suriyaphol G. Tissue transcriptome profiling and pathway analyses revealed novel potential biomarkers in the tumor progression of canine oral melanoma. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105036. [PMID: 37856944 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (COM) is an aggressive oral malignancy in dogs, mostly with metastasis. However, the understanding of total gene expression of oral melanoma (OM) at different clinical stages has been limited. The objective of this study was to identify novel mRNA biomarkers of early-stage OM (EOM) and late-stage OM (LOM). Transcriptome sequencing of 3 EOM, 5 LOM and 4 normal gingival tissues (controls) was performed. Selected transcriptome results were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) using 12 LOM and 10 controls. We found 534 differentially expressed in EOM compared with controls, whereas 696 genes in LOM were differentially expressed compared with controls (P < 0.05). Moreover, 27 genes were differentially expressed in LOM compared with EOM (P < 0.05). The genes expressed in COM were involved in the molecular mechanism of cancer and melanocyte development pathways, promoting melanoma progression. qRT-PCR confirmed an increased expression of genes encoding an important protein in chemotherapy resistance (dopachrome tautomerase, DCT) and tumor progression (forkhead box M1, FOXM1), and decreased expression of a tumor suppression gene (N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2, NDRG2) in LOM, concordant with transcriptome results. In conclusion, this study revealed the comprehensive transcriptome from COM tissues, and increased DCT and FOXM1 and decreased NDRG2 gene expression indicated the potential candidate biomarkers in COM progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirinun Pisamai
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom
| | - Chew Weng Cheng
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Phannita Chaivichit
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Mokhapoom Sooksiri
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sujittra Yanakam
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sattabongkoch Maneewong
- Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Gunnaporn Suriyaphol
- Center of Excellence for Companion Animal Cancer, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Biochemistry Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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11
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Gillett DA, Wallings RL, Uriarte Huarte O, Tansey MG. Progranulin and GPNMB: interactions in endo-lysosome function and inflammation in neurodegenerative disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:286. [PMID: 38037070 PMCID: PMC10688479 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02965-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in progranulin (PGRN) expression are associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including frontotemporal dementia (FTD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). Recently, the loss of PGRN was shown to result in endo-lysosomal system dysfunction and an age-dependent increase in the expression of another protein associated with NDs, glycoprotein non-metastatic B (GPNMB). MAIN BODY It is unclear what role GPNMB plays in the context of PGRN insufficiency and how they interact and contribute to the development or progression of NDs. This review focuses on the interplay between these two critical proteins within the context of endo-lysosomal health, immune function, and inflammation in their contribution to NDs. SHORT CONCLUSION PGRN and GPNMB are interrelated proteins that regulate disease-relevant processes and may have value as therapeutic targets to delay disease progression or extend therapeutic windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Gillett
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca L Wallings
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oihane Uriarte Huarte
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Malú Gámez Tansey
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease (CTRND), University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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12
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Muccioli S, Brillo V, Varanita T, Rossin F, Zaltron E, Velle A, Alessio G, Angi B, Severin F, Tosi A, D'Eletto M, Occhigrossi L, Falasca L, Checchetto V, Ciaccio R, Fascì A, Chieregato L, Rebelo AP, Giacomello M, Rosato A, Szabò I, Romualdi C, Piacentini M, Leanza L. Transglutaminase Type 2-MITF axis regulates phenotype switching in skin cutaneous melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:704. [PMID: 37898636 PMCID: PMC10613311 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06223-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest form of skin cancer due to its high heterogeneity that drives tumor aggressiveness. Melanoma plasticity consists of two distinct phenotypic states that co-exist in the tumor niche, the proliferative and the invasive, respectively associated with a high and low expression of MITF, the master regulator of melanocyte lineage. However, despite efforts, melanoma research is still far from exhaustively dissecting this phenomenon. Here, we discovered a key function of Transglutaminase Type-2 (TG2) in regulating melanogenesis by modulating MITF transcription factor expression and its transcriptional activity. Importantly, we demonstrated that TG2 expression affects melanoma invasiveness, highlighting its positive value in SKCM. These results suggest that TG2 may have implications in the regulation of the phenotype switching by promoting melanoma differentiation and impairing its metastatic potential. Our findings offer potential perspectives to unravel melanoma vulnerabilities via tuning intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muccioli
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Azienda USL - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Angelo Velle
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Anna Tosi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Amelia Fascì
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Antonio Rosato
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Leanza
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
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13
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Park S, Han N, Lee J, Lee JN, An S, Bae S. Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Lilium lancifolium Root Extract via Downregulation of PKA/CREB and MAPK/CREB Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3666. [PMID: 37960022 PMCID: PMC10648933 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation disorders causing emotional distress require the topical use of depigmenting agents of natural origin. In this study, the anti-melanogenic effects of the Lilium lancifolium root extract (LRE) were investigated in B16F10 cells. Consequently, a non-cytotoxic concentration of the extract reduced intracellular melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, correlating with the diminished expression of core melanogenic enzymes within cells. LRE treatment also inhibited cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor signaling, which regulates the expression of tyrosinase-related genes. Upon examining these findings from a molecular mechanism perspective, LRE treatment suppressed the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), p38, and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), which are upstream regulators of CREB. In addition, L-phenylalanine and regaloside A, specifically identified within the LRE using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, exhibited inhibitory effects on melanin production. Collectively, these results imply that LRE potentially suppresses cAMP-mediated melanogenesis by downregulating PKA/CREB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/CREB signaling pathways. Therefore, it can be employed as a novel therapeutic ingredient of natural origin to ameliorate hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokmuk Park
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
| | - Nayeon Han
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
- Dermato Bio, Inc., #505, Techno Cube, 13-18 Songdogwahak-ro 16beon-gil, Yeongsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Dermato Bio, Inc., #505, Techno Cube, 13-18 Songdogwahak-ro 16beon-gil, Yeongsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Nam Lee
- Department of Cosmetology, Graduate School of Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sungkwan An
- Eco Up Bio, Inc., 373 Chang-ui-ri, Seorak-myeon, Gapyeong-gun 477852, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (N.H.)
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14
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Zhu W, Zhang YI, Zhou S, Kai Y, Zhang YQ, Peng C, Li Z, Mughal M, Ma J, Li S, Ma C, Shen M, Hall M. O-GlcNAcylation of MITF regulates its activity and CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in breast cancer. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3377962. [PMID: 37886470 PMCID: PMC10602086 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3377962/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) play a pivotal role in cell cycle and cancer development. Targeting CDK4/6 has demonstrated promising effects against breast cancer. However, resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), such as palbociclib, remains a substantial challenge in clinical settings. Using high-throughput combinatorial drug screening and genomic sequencing, we found that the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is activated via O-GlcNAcylation by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in palbociclib-resistant breast cancer cells and tumors; O-GlcNAcylation of MITF at Serine 49 enhanced its interaction with importin α/β, thus promoting its translocation to nuclei, where it suppressed palbociclib-induced senescence; inhibition of MITF or its O-GlcNAcylation re-sensitized resistant cells to palbociclib. Remarkably, clinical studies confirmed the activation of MITF in tumors from patients who are palbociclib-resistant or undergoing palbociclib treatment. Collectively, our studies shed light on a novel mechanism regulating palbociclib-resistance, and present clinical evidence for developing therapeutic approaches to treat CDK4/6i-resistant breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenge Zhu
- School of medicine and health science, George Washington University
| | | | - Shuyan Zhou
- School of medicine and health science, George Washington University
| | - Yan Kai
- School of medicine and health science, George Washington University
| | - Ya-Qin Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
| | - Changmin Peng
- School of medicine and health science, George Washington University
| | | | - Muhammad Mughal
- School of medicine and health science, George Washington University
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center
| | | | | | | | - Matthew Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health
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15
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Shinzawa K, Matsumoto S, Sada R, Harada A, Saitoh K, Kato K, Ikeda S, Hirayama A, Yokoi K, Tanemura A, Nimura K, Ikawa M, Soga T, Kikuchi A. GREB1 isoform 4 is specifically transcribed by MITF and required for melanoma proliferation. Oncogene 2023; 42:3142-3156. [PMID: 37658191 PMCID: PMC10575781 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Growth regulation by estrogen in breast cancer 1 (GREB1) is involved in hormone-dependent and -independent tumor development (e.g., hepatoblastoma). In this study, we found that a GREB1 splicing variant, isoform 4 (Is4), which encodes C-terminal half of full-length GREB1, is specifically expressed via microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in melanocytic melanoma, and that two MITF-binding E-box CANNTG motifs at the 5'-upstream region of GREB1 exon 19 are necessary for GREB1 Is4 transcription. MITF and GREB1 Is4 were strongly co-expressed in approximately 20% of the melanoma specimens evaluated (17/89 cases) and their expression was associated with tumor thickness. GREB1 Is4 silencing reduced melanoma cell proliferation in association with altered expression of cell proliferation-related genes in vitro. In addition, GREB1 Is4 targeting by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) decreased melanoma xenograft tumor formation and GREB1 Is4 expression in a BRAFV600E; PTENflox melanoma mouse model promoted melanoma formation, demonstrating the crucial role of GREB1 Is4 for melanoma proliferation in vivo. GREB1 Is4 bound to CAD, the rate-limiting enzyme of pyrimidine metabolism, and metabolic flux analysis revealed that GREBI Is4 is necessary for pyrimidine synthesis. These results suggest that MITF-dependent GREB1 Is4 expression leads to melanoma proliferation and GREB1 Is4 represents a new molecular target in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koei Shinzawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shinji Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryota Sada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akikazu Harada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaori Saitoh
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Keiko Kato
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ikeda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Kazunori Yokoi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nimura
- Department of Genome Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Akira Kikuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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16
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Brown AD, Vergunst KL, Branch M, Blair CM, Dupré DJ, Baillie GS, Langelaan DN. Structural basis of CBP/p300 recruitment by the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119520. [PMID: 37353163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a master regulator of the melanocyte cell lineage. Aberrant MITF activity can lead to multiple malignancies including skin cancer, where it modulates the progression and invasiveness of melanoma. MITF-regulated gene expression requires recruitment of the transcriptional co-regulator CBP/p300, but details of this process are not fully defined. In this study, we investigate the structural and functional interaction between the MITF N-terminal transactivation domain (MITFTAD) and CBP/p300. Using pulldown assays and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy we determined that MITFTAD is intrinsically disordered and binds to the TAZ1 and TAZ2 domains of CBP/p300 with moderate affinity. The solution-state structure of the MITFTAD:TAZ2 complex reveals that MITF interacts with a hydrophobic surface of TAZ2, while remaining somewhat dynamic. Peptide array and mutagenesis experiments determined that an acidic motif is integral to the MITFTAD:TAZ2 interaction and is necessary for transcriptional activity of MITF. Peptides that bind to the same surface of TAZ2 as MITFTAD, such as the adenoviral protein E1A, are capable of displacing MITF from TAZ2 and inhibiting transactivation. These findings provide insight into co-activator recruitment by MITF that are fundamental to our understanding of MITF targeted gene regulation and melanoma biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kathleen L Vergunst
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Makenzie Branch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Connor M Blair
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Denis J Dupré
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - George S Baillie
- School of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - David N Langelaan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada.
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17
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Brown AD, Lynch K, Langelaan DN. The C-terminal transactivation domain of MITF interacts promiscuously with co-activator CBP/p300. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16094. [PMID: 37752231 PMCID: PMC10522771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is one of four closely related members of the MiT/TFE family (TFEB, TFE3, TFEC) that regulate a wide range of cellular processes. MITF is a key regulator of melanocyte-associated genes, and essential to proper development of the melanocyte cell lineage. Abnormal MITF activity can contribute to the onset of several diseases including melanoma, where MITF is an amplified oncogene. To enhance transcription, MITF recruits the co-activator CREB-binding protein (CBP) and its homolog p300 to gene promoters, however the molecular determinants of their interaction are not yet fully understood. Here, we characterize the interactions between the C-terminal MITF transactivation domain and CBP/p300. Using NMR spectroscopy, protein pulldown assays, and isothermal titration calorimetry we determine the C-terminal region of MITF is intrinsically disordered and binds with high-affinity to both TAZ1 and TAZ2 of CBP/p300. Mutagenesis studies revealed two conserved motifs within MITF that are necessary for TAZ2 binding and critical for MITF-dependent transcription of a reporter gene. Finally, we observe the transactivation potential of the MITF C-terminal region is reliant on the N-terminal transactivation domain for function. Taken together, our study helps elucidate the molecular details of how MITF interacts with CBP/p300 through multiple redundant interactions that lend insight into MITF function in melanocytes and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra D Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Kyle Lynch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David N Langelaan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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18
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Jha J, Singh MK, Singh L, Pushker N, Meel R, Lomi N, Bakhshi S, Nag TC, Chosdol K, Sen S, Kashyap S. Prognostic significance of melanogenesis pathway and its association with the ultrastructural characterisation of melanosomes in uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2023:bjo-2023-323181. [PMID: 37734767 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2023-323181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigmentation could be a relevant prognostic factor in uveal melanoma (UM) development. Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) regulates melanin synthesis by activating tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TYRP2) and silver protein (SILV) that induce the melanogenesis pathway. Although their oncogenic potential has been observed in various malignancies but has not been investigated in UM Asian population. Our aim is to study the ultrastructure of melanosomes and the prognostic significance of pigmentation markers such as TYRP2, MITF and SILV in UM. METHODS Transmission electron microscopy was performed to compare the ultrastructure of melanosomes in the normal choroid and UM cases. Immunoexpression of TYRP2, SILV and MITF was analysed in 82 UM samples. The mRNA expression level of all genes was measured in 70 UM cases. A statistical correlation was performed to determine the prognostic significance of all markers. RESULTS Premelanosomes and mature melanosomes undergoing dedifferentiation were observed in high-pigmented UM cases as compared with low-pigmented UM cases. Seventy per cent of UM cases showed high SILV expression while TYRP2 and MITF expression was present in 58% and 56% of cases, respectively. At the mRNA level, upregulation of TYRP2, SILV and MITF markers was seen in around 50% of UM cases, which was statistically significant with high pigmentation. Reduced metastatic-free survival was statistically significant with the MITF protein expression. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that ultrastructural changes in melanosomes and high expression of TYRP2, MITF and SILV could dysregulate the melanogenesis pathway and might be responsible for the aggressive behaviour of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanti Jha
- Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | | - Lata Singh
- Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tapas Chandra Nag
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kunzang Chosdol
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Ocular Pathology, Dr.R.P. Centre, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Ocular Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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19
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Hwang SJ, Bang HJ, Lee HJ. Ginsenoside Re inhibits melanogenesis and melanoma growth by downregulating microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115037. [PMID: 37393867 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng, also known as Korean ginseng, is a traditional remedy widely used in Asian countries. Its major active compounds are ginsenosides, specifically triterpenoid saponins. Among them, one notable ginsenoside called Re has shown various biological effects, including anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential beneficial effects of Re on melanogenesis and skin cancer remain poorly understood. To investigate this, we conducted a comprehensive study using biochemical assays, cell-based models, a zebrafish pigment formation model, and a tumor xenograft model. Our results revealed that Re effectively inhibited melanin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner by competitively inhibiting the activity of tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in melanin production. Moreover, Re significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), a key regulator of melanin biosynthesis and melanoma growth. Furthermore, Re decreased the protein expression of MITF and its target genes, including tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, through a partially ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation mechanism, mediated by the AKT and ERK signaling pathways. These findings indicate that Re exerts its hypopigmentary effects by directly inhibiting tyrosinase activity and suppressing its expression via MITF. Additionally, Re demonstrated inhibitory effects on skin melanoma growth and induced tumor vascular normalization in our in vivo experiments. This study represents the first evidence of Re-mediated inhibition of melanogenesis and skin melanoma, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. These promising preclinical findings warrant further investigation to determine the suitability of Re as a natural agent for treating hyperpigmentation disorders and skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jung Hwang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye Jung Bang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jong Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea.
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20
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Xie Y, Gong C, Xia Y, Zhou Y, Ye T, Mei T, Chen H, Chen J. α-Mangostin Suppresses Melanoma Growth, Migration, and Invasion and Potentiates the Anti-tumor Effect of Chemotherapy. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1220-1234. [PMID: 37575275 PMCID: PMC10416720 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.80940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor, which metastasizes and has poor prognosis in late-stage cancer patients. α-Mangostin possesses pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-infective, and anticarcinogenic activities. We investigated α-Mangostin effect on melanoma growth, migration, and invasion and its possible molecular mechanism. Methods: Melanoma cells growth inhibition was determined by the colorimetric 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Morphological changes of α-Mangostin-treated melanoma cells were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy and JC-1 staining. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were assessed by flow cytometry. The effect of α-Mangostin on tumor cells migration and invasion was observed by migration and invasion in vitro assay. Furthermore, the nude and C57BL/6 mouse subcutaneous melanoma models were used to evaluate the in vivo anti-tumor effect of α-Mangostin. Western blot and real time-PCR were performed to analyze the influence of α-Mangostin on some of the common signaling pathways in melanoma cell lines. Signaling pathways were further verified in dissected tumor tissues. Results: α-Mangostin inhibited in vitro melanoma cells proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, and caused mitochondrial swelling and membrane depolarization, whereas it effectively suppressed melanoma growth in xenografted mice. In addition, α-Mangostin potentiated the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor effects of cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, α-Mangostin down-regulated expression of RAS protein and mRNA, as well as phosphorylation of PI3K in A375, B16F10, M14 and SK-MEL-2 cells. MITF protein and mRNA were inhibited only in M14 cells. Conclusion: α-Mangostin suppresses melanoma cells growth, migration and invasion, and synergistically enhances the anti-tumor effect of chemotherapy, whose mechanism may be mediated through inhibiting Ras, PI3K and MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiu Xie
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chongwen Gong
- Department of Oncology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Mei
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongxiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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21
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Pimenta J, Pires I, Prada J, Cotovio M. E-Cadherin Immunostaining in Equine Melanocytic Tumors. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2216. [PMID: 37444014 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic tumors are an important neoplastic disease in human and veterinary medicine, presenting large differences regarding tumor behavior between species. In horses, these tumors present a prolonged benign behavior, with rare invasiveness and metastases. In humans and small animals, invasion and metastasis have been associated with an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, where the loss of E-cadherin expression plays a key role in tumor progression. This process and the role of E-cadherin have not yet been evaluated in equine melanocytic tumors. This study aimed to assess the immunolabeling of E-cadherin in equine melanocytic tumors and relate this with clinicopathological variables. A total of 72 equine melanocytic tumors were classified as benign and malignant and evaluated by immunohistochemistry for E-cadherin expression. A different pattern of immunostaining was found, contrasting with other species. A total of 69.4% of tumors presented raised immunolabeling of E-cadherin, with 70.7% of melanomas remaining with high expression. The typical loss of immunostaining was not seen in malignant melanomas and no differences were found between benign and malignant melanomas regarding E-cadherin immunostaining. The high immunolabeling of E-cadherin may contribute to the low invasiveness of these tumors, and it is in accordance with the benign behavior of equine melanoma and with the genetic factors associated with its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pimenta
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Isabel Pires
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Justina Prada
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Mário Cotovio
- Veterinary Sciences Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Research Center, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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22
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Rok J, Kowalska J, Rzepka Z, Stencel D, Skorek A, Banach K, Wrześniok D. The Assessment of Anti-Melanoma Potential of Tigecycline-Cellular and Molecular Studies of Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis and Autophagy on Amelanotic and Melanotic Melanoma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1564. [PMID: 37371034 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
High mortality, aggressiveness, and the relatively low effectiveness of therapy make melanoma the most dangerous of skin cancers. Previously published studies presented the promising therapeutic potential of minocycline, doxycycline, and chlortetracycline on melanoma cells. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of tigecycline, a third-generation tetracycline, on melanotic (COLO 829) and amelanotic (A375) melanoma cell lines. The obtained results showed that tigecycline, proportionally to the concentration and incubation time, efficiently inhibited proliferation of both types of melanoma cells. The effect was accompanied by the dysregulation of the cell cycle, the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, and a decrease in the reduced thiols and the levels of MITF and p44/42 MAPK. However, the ability to induce apoptosis was only found in COLO 829 melanoma cells. A375 cells appeared to be more resistant to the treatment with tigecycline. The drug did not induce apoptosis but caused an increase in LC3A/B protein levels-an autophagy marker. The observed differences in drug action on the tested cell lines also involved an increase in p21 and p16 protein levels in melanotic melanoma, which was related to cell cycle arrest in the G1/G0 phase. The greater sensitivity of melanotic melanoma cells to the action of tigecycline suggests the possibility of considering the use of the drug in targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Justyna Kowalska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Rzepka
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dominika Stencel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Skorek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Klaudia Banach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Dorota Wrześniok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 4 Jagiellońska Str., 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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23
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Rahimi A, Esmaeili Y, Dana N, Dabiri A, Rahimmanesh I, Jandaghain S, Vaseghi G, Shariati L, Zarrabi A, Javanmard SH, Cordani M. A comprehensive review on novel targeted therapy methods and nanotechnology-based gene delivery systems in melanoma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106476. [PMID: 37236377 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a malignant form of skin cancer, has been swiftly increasing in recent years. Although there have been significant advancements in clinical treatment underlying a well-understanding of melanoma-susceptible genes and the molecular basis of melanoma pathogenesis, the permanency of response to therapy is frequently constrained by the emergence of acquired resistance and systemic toxicity. Conventional therapies, including surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy, have already been used to treat melanoma and are dependent on the cancer stage. Nevertheless, ineffective side effects and the heterogeneity of tumors pose major obstacles to the therapeutic treatment of malignant melanoma through such strategies. In light of this, advanced therapies including nucleic acid therapies (ncRNA, aptamers), suicide gene therapies, and gene therapy using tumor suppressor genes, have lately gained immense attention in the field of cancer treatment. Furthermore, nanomedicine and targeted therapy based on gene editing tools have been applied to the treatment of melanoma as potential cancer treatment approaches nowadays. Indeed, nanovectors enable delivery of the therapeutic agents into the tumor sites by passive or active targeting, improving therapeutic efficiency and minimizing adverse effects. Accordingly, in this review, we summarized the recent findings related to novel targeted therapy methods as well as nanotechnology-based gene systems in melanoma. We also discussed current issues along with potential directions for future research, paving the way for the next-generation of melanoma treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Rahimi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Nasim Dana
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arezou Dabiri
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Setareh Jandaghain
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8158388994, Iran
| | - Laleh Shariati
- Department of Biomaterials, Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 8174673461, Iran
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkey
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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24
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Guo Y, Ollé L, Proaño-Pérez E, Aparicio C, Guerrero M, Muñoz-Cano R, Martín M. MRGPRX2 signaling involves the Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and MITF pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154108. [PMID: 37234172 PMCID: PMC10206166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MRGPRX2, a G-protein-coupled-seven transmembrane domain receptor, is mainly expressed in mast cells and neurons and is involved in skin immunity and pain. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity and has been related to adverse drug reactions. Moreover, a role has been proposed in asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Although it has a prominent role in disease, its signaling transduction is poorly understood. This study shows that MRGPRX2 activation with substance P increased Lysyl t-RNA synthetase (LysRS) translocation to the nucleus. LysRS is a moonlighting protein with a dual role in protein translation and IgE signaling in mast cells. Upon allergen- IgE-FcεRI crosslinking, LysRS is translocated to the nucleus and activates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) activity. In this study, we found that MRGPRX2 triggering led to MITF phosphorylation and increased MITF activity. Therefore, overexpression of LysRS increased MITF activity after MRGPRX2 activation. MITF silencing reduced MRGPRX2-dependent calcium influx and mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, a MITF pathway inhibitor, ML329, impaired MITF expression, calcium influx, and mast cell degranulation. Moreover, drugs such as atracurium, vancomycin, and morphine, reported to induce MRGPRX2-dependent degranulation, increased MITF activity. Altogether, our data show that MRGPRX2 signaling enhances MITF activity, and its abrogation by silencing or inhibition resulted in defective MRGPRX2 degranulation. We conclude that MRGPRX2 signaling involves the LysRS and MITF pathway. Thus, MITF and MITF-dependent targets may be considered therapeutic approaches to treat pathologies where MRGPRX2 is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Guo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ollé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Proaño-Pérez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Aparicio
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Guerrero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Koziej P, Kluszczynska K, Hartman ML, Czyz M. Trametinib-Resistant Melanoma Cells Displaying MITF high/NGFR low/IL-8 low Phenotype Are Highly Responsive to Alternating Periods of Drug Withdrawal and Drug Rechallenge. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097891. [PMID: 37175614 PMCID: PMC10178474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in targeted therapies against the hyperactivated BRAFV600/MEK pathway for patients with unresectable metastatic melanoma, acquired resistance remains an unsolved clinical problem. In this study, we focused on melanoma cells resistant to trametinib, an agent broadly used in combination therapies. Molecular and cellular changes were assessed during alternating periods of trametinib withdrawal and rechallenge in trametinib-resistant cell lines displaying either a differentiation phenotype (MITFhigh/NGFRlow) or neural crest stem-like dedifferentiation phenotype (NGFRhigh/MITFlow). Neither drug withdrawal nor drug rechallenge induced cell death, and instead of loss of fitness, trametinib-resistant melanoma cells adapted to altered conditions by phenotype switching. In resistant cells displaying a differentiation phenotype, trametinib withdrawal markedly decreased MITF level and activity, which was associated with reduced cell proliferation capacity, and induced stemness assessed as NGFR-positive cells and senescence features, including IL-8 expression and secretion. All these changes could be reversed by trametinib re-exposure, which emphasizes melanoma cell plasticity. Trametinib-resistant cells displaying a dedifferentiation phenotype were less responsive presumably due to the already low level of MITF, a master regulator of the melanoma phenotype. Considering new directions of the development of anti-melanoma treatment, our study suggests that the phenotype of melanomas resistant to targeted therapy might be a crucial determinant of the selection of second-line therapy for melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Koziej
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kluszczynska
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz L Hartman
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Czyz
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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26
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Davalos V, Lovell CD, Von Itter R, Dolgalev I, Agrawal P, Baptiste G, Kahler DJ, Sokolova E, Moran S, Piqué L, Vega-Saenz de Miera E, Fontanals-Cirera B, Karz A, Tsirigos A, Yun C, Darvishian F, Etchevers HC, Osman I, Esteller M, Schober M, Hernando E. An epigenetic switch controls an alternative NR2F2 isoform that unleashes a metastatic program in melanoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1867. [PMID: 37015919 PMCID: PMC10073109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36967-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic melanoma develops once transformed melanocytic cells begin to de-differentiate into migratory and invasive melanoma cells with neural crest cell (NCC)-like and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like features. However, it is still unclear how transformed melanocytes assume a metastatic melanoma cell state. Here, we define DNA methylation changes that accompany metastatic progression in melanoma patients and discover Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2 Group F, Member 2 - isoform 2 (NR2F2-Iso2) as an epigenetically regulated metastasis driver. NR2F2-Iso2 is transcribed from an alternative transcriptional start site (TSS) and it is truncated at the N-terminal end which encodes the NR2F2 DNA-binding domain. We find that NR2F2-Iso2 expression is turned off by DNA methylation when NCCs differentiate into melanocytes. Conversely, this process is reversed during metastatic melanoma progression, when NR2F2-Iso2 becomes increasingly hypomethylated and re-expressed. Our functional and molecular studies suggest that NR2F2-Iso2 drives metastatic melanoma progression by modulating the activity of full-length NR2F2 (Isoform 1) over EMT- and NCC-associated target genes. Our findings indicate that DNA methylation changes play a crucial role during metastatic melanoma progression, and their control of NR2F2 activity allows transformed melanocytes to acquire NCC-like and EMT-like features. This epigenetically regulated transcriptional plasticity facilitates cell state transitions and metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Davalos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Claudia D Lovell
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Richard Von Itter
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Igor Dolgalev
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Praveen Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/ Montefiore, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Gillian Baptiste
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - David J Kahler
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Elena Sokolova
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Sebastian Moran
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Laia Piqué
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Eleazar Vega-Saenz de Miera
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Barbara Fontanals-Cirera
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Alcida Karz
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Aristotelis Tsirigos
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Applied Bioinformatics Laboratories, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chi Yun
- High Throughput Biology Core, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Farbod Darvishian
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | | | - Iman Osman
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red, Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Schober
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, New York Grossman University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Eva Hernando
- Department of Pathology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Melanoma Cooperative Group, Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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Dual Role of DUOX1-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species in Melanoma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030708. [PMID: 36978957 PMCID: PMC10044890 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. Inflammation and oxidative stress play an essential role in the development of several types of cancer, including melanoma. Although oxidative stress promotes tumor growth, once cells escape from the primary tumor, they are subjected to a more hostile environment, with higher levels of oxidative stress typically killing most cancer cells. As Dual Oxidase 1 (DUOX1) is a major producer of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in epithelia, we used allotransplantation and autochthonous melanoma models in zebrafish together with in silico analysis of the occurrence and relevance of DUOX1 expression of the skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to address the role of this enzyme in the aggressiveness of melanoma cells in vivo. It was found that high transcript levels of the gene encoding DUOX1 were associated with the poor prognosis of patients in the early-stage melanoma of TCGA cohort. However, DUOX1 transcript levels were not found to be associated to the prognosis of late-stage SKCM patients. In addition, the transcript level of DUOX1 in metastatic SKCM was lower than in primary SKCM. Using zebrafish primary melanoma and allotransplantation models, we interrogated the role of DUOX1 in vivo. Our results confirmed a dual role of DUOX1, which restrains melanoma proliferation but promotes metastasis. As this effect is only observed in immunocompromised individuals, the immune system appears to be able to counteract this elevated metastatic potential of DUOX1-deficient melanomas.
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Dimethyl Itaconate Inhibits Melanogenesis in B16F10 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030692. [PMID: 36978940 PMCID: PMC10045371 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Itaconate is a metabolite produced to counteract and resolve pro-inflammatory responses when macrophages are challenged with intracellular or extracellular stimuli. In the present study, we have observed that dimethyl itaconate (DMI) inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells. DMI inhibits microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and downregulates the expression of MITF target genes, such as tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). DMI also decreases the level of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and the production of α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH), resulting in the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and MITF activities. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) study illustrates that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety in DMI, a moiety required to target KELCH-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) to activate NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), is necessary to inhibit melanogenesis and knocking down Nrf2 attenuates the inhibition of melanogenesis by DMI. Together, our study reveals that the MC1R-ERK1/2-MITF axis regulated by the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway is the molecular target responsible for the inhibition of melanogenesis by DMI.
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Ben Guebila M, Wang T, Lopes-Ramos CM, Fanfani V, Weighill D, Burkholz R, Schlauch D, Paulson JN, Altenbuchinger M, Shutta KH, Sonawane AR, Lim J, Calderer G, van IJzendoorn DGP, Morgan D, Marin A, Chen CY, Song Q, Saha E, DeMeo DL, Padi M, Platig J, Kuijjer ML, Glass K, Quackenbush J. The Network Zoo: a multilingual package for the inference and analysis of gene regulatory networks. Genome Biol 2023; 24:45. [PMID: 36894939 PMCID: PMC9999668 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-02877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Inference and analysis of gene regulatory networks (GRNs) require software that integrates multi-omic data from various sources. The Network Zoo (netZoo; netzoo.github.io) is a collection of open-source methods to infer GRNs, conduct differential network analyses, estimate community structure, and explore the transitions between biological states. The netZoo builds on our ongoing development of network methods, harmonizing the implementations in various computing languages and between methods to allow better integration of these tools into analytical pipelines. We demonstrate the utility using multi-omic data from the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia. We will continue to expand the netZoo to incorporate additional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marouen Ben Guebila
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA
| | - Camila M Lopes-Ramos
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Viola Fanfani
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Des Weighill
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rebekka Burkholz
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Schlauch
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Genospace, LLC, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michael Altenbuchinger
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Department of Medical Bioinformatics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katherine H Shutta
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abhijeet R Sonawane
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James Lim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Present Address: Monoceros Biosystems, LLC, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Genis Calderer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - David G P van IJzendoorn
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Present Address: Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Morgan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: School of Biomedical Sciences, Hong Kong University, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Cho-Yi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Qi Song
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present Address: Computational Biology Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Enakshi Saha
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megha Padi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John Platig
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marieke L Kuijjer
- Center for Molecular Medicine Norway, Nordic EMBL Partnership, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Center for Computational Oncology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Quackenbush
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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30
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Li Z, Li Q, Xu C, Yu H. Histological, elemental, and ultrastructural analysis of melanin in mantle of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:283-293. [PMID: 36444959 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorful shell of bivalve is mainly because of the biological pigments, of which melanin plays an important role in shell color formation. More and more studies focus on the genes function involved in melanin synthesis, but relatively few studies address the biochemical character and ultrastructure of melanin in bivalve from microscopic perspective. Here, we investigated the histological structure of mantle of Crassostrea gigas with orange shell color. Distribution of melanin in mantle was verified with histochemical staining. In addition, immunofluorescence technique showed that strongly positive signal of CgTYR was specific to the mantle margin, which is consistence with the location of brown granules in H&E staining. The further result of elementary composition of melanin displayed that metal Ca, Fe, and Zn were detected using scanning transmission electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping methods. Next, based on TEM observations, it was speculated that the series of cellular events leading to the formation and release of melanin. Melanocyte in the primary stage showed many mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum as well as an extensive Golgi complex with numerous vesicles intermingled with melanosome. Subsequently, melanosome was expended and their hue gradually intensified, and Golgi complex and mitochondria were still observed in the cytoplasm. Finally, after melanosome was discharged into intercellular spaces, the disintegration of membranes in some cells, and severe cellular vacuolization. These data enrich the understanding of ultrastructural characteristic and formation of melanin in mantle of bivalve and pave the way for further investigating shell coloration at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanzhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Chengxun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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31
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Hypoxia in Skin Cancer: Molecular Basis and Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054430. [PMID: 36901857 PMCID: PMC10003002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the Caucasian population. In the United States, it is estimated that at least one in five people will develop skin cancer in their lifetime, leading to significant morbidity and a healthcare burden. Skin cancer mainly arises from cells in the epidermal layer of the skin, where oxygen is scarce. There are three main types of skin cancer: malignant melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Accumulating evidence has revealed a critical role for hypoxia in the development and progression of these dermatologic malignancies. In this review, we discuss the role of hypoxia in treating and reconstructing skin cancers. We will summarize the molecular basis of hypoxia signaling pathways in relation to the major genetic variations of skin cancer.
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32
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Sharif FA, Abuwarda HN. Autoimmunity and re-expression of cancer/testis antigens: Numerous disorders one mechanism hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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33
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The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor is involved in gastrointestinal stromal tumor growth. Cancer Gene Ther 2023; 30:245-255. [PMID: 36241703 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, and most of them emerge due to the oncogenic activation of KIT or PDGFRA receptors. Despite their relevance in GIST oncogenesis, critical intermediates mediating the KIT/PDGFRA transforming program remain mostly unknown. Previously, we found that the adaptor molecule SH3BP2 was involved in GIST cell survival, likely due to the co-regulation of the expression of KIT and Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Remarkably, MITF reconstitution restored KIT expression levels in SH3BP2 silenced cells and restored cell viability. This study aimed to analyze MITF as a novel driver of KIT transforming program in GIST. Firstly, MITF isoforms were characterized in GIST cell lines and GIST patients' samples. MITF silencing decreases cell viability and increases apoptosis in GIST cell lines irrespective of the type of KIT primary or secondary mutation. Additionally, MITF silencing leads to cell cycle arrest and impaired tumor growth in vivo. Interestingly, MITF silencing also affects ETV1 expression, a linage survival factor in GIST that promotes tumorigenesis and is directly regulated by KIT signaling. Altogether, these results point to MITF as a key target of KIT/PDGFRA oncogenic signaling for GIST survival and tumor growth.
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34
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Lu GM, Jiang LY, Huang DL, Rong YX, Li YH, Wei LX, Ning Y, Huang SF, Mo S, Meng FH, Li HM. Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Extract Treatment Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Activation of Tryptophan Metabolism. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:127-142. [PMID: 34872484 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211206150934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced platelet-rich fibrin extract (APRFE) contains a high concentration of various cytokines that are helpful for improving stem cells repair function. OBJECTIVE However, the underlying mechanism of APRFE improving stem cell repairing is not clear. METHODS We produced APRFE by centrifuging fresh peripheral blood samples and isolated and identified human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). The abundance of cytokines contained in APRFE was detected by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ADMSCs treated with or without APRFE were collected for transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Based on the sequencing data, the expression profiles were contracted. The differentially expressed genes and lncRNA (DEGs and DElncRNAs) were obtained using for the differential expression analysis. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on the miRNet database. The further enrichment analysis results showed that the biological functions were mainly related to proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell function. To explore the role of APRFE, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed among the cytokines included in APRFE and DEGs. Furthermore, we constructed the global regulatory network based on the RNAInter and TRRUST database. The pathways in the global regulatory network were considered as the core pathways. We found that the DEGs in the core pathways were associated with stemness scores. CONCLUSION In summary, we predicted that APRFE activated three pathways (tryptophan metabolism, mTOR signaling pathway, and adipocytokine signaling) to promote the proliferation and differentiation of ADMSCs. The finding may be helpful for guiding the application of ADMSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Li-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, 537200, China
| | - Dong-Lin Huang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yong-Xian Rong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, 537200, China
| | - Yang-Hong Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Liu-Xing Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shan-Fu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, 530405, China
| | - Steven Mo
- Yuan Dong International Academy of Life Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fu-Han Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, 530405, China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
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35
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Antiproliferative and Proapoptotic Effects of Erucin, a Diet-Derived H 2S Donor, on Human Melanoma Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010041. [PMID: 36670903 PMCID: PMC9854590 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer and is characterized by chemotherapy resistance and recurrence despite the new promising therapeutic approaches. In the last years, erucin (ERU), the major isothiocyanate present in Eruca sativa, commonly known as rocket salads, has demonstrated great efficacy as an anticancer agent in different in vitro and in vivo models. More recently, the chemopreventive effects of ERU have been associated with its property of being a H2S donor in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Here, we investigated the effects of ERU in modulating proliferation and inducing human melanoma cell death by using multiple in vitro approaches. ERU significantly reduced the proliferation of different human melanoma cell lines. A flow cytometry analysis with annexin V/PI demonstrated that ERU was able to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A375 melanoma cells. The proapoptotic effect of ERU was associated with the modulation of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related cadherins and transcription factors. Moreover, ERU thwarted the migration, invasiveness and clonogenic abilities of A375 melanoma cells. These effects were associated with melanogenesis impairment and mitochondrial fitness modulation. Therefore, we demonstrated that ERU plays an important role in inhibiting the progression of melanoma and could represent a novel add-on therapy for the treatment of human melanoma.
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36
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Kang Y, Ji Z, Li H, Tsao H. Divergent BRAF Inhibitor Resistance Mechanisms Revealed through Epigenetic Mapping. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:842-853.e6. [PMID: 36529262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although tremendous progress has been made in targeted and immune-based treatments for advanced melanoma, there remains a substantial therapeutic failure rate. For patients with BRAF(V600)-mutant melanomas, resistance to BRAF inhibitors remains a significant survival hurdle. Although multiple compensatory mechanisms to bypass BRAF blockade have been discovered, the epigenetic patterns are still poorly characterized. In this report, we generated eight matched pairs of vemurafenib-sensitive/-resistant melanoma lines and subjected these to concurrent RNA-sequencing and H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis. Globally, we identified two classes of epigenetic profiles that correlate with resistance. Class 1 resistance involves fewer RNA expression alterations accompanied by fewer enhancer mark changes with H3K27ac. Class 2 resistance shows widespread alterations in transcription and enhancer profiles, which converge on epithelial‒mesenchymal transition and hypoxia-related pathways. We also observed significant and dynamic changes in superenhancers that underpin these transcriptomic patterns. We subsequently verified the two-class structure in pre-BRAF inhibitors and postrelapse human melanoma specimens. Our findings reveal a broad and underappreciated spectrum of epigenetic plasticity during acquired BRAF inhibitor resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhenyu Ji
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - He Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hensin Tsao
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Mass General Research Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Melanogenesis and the Targeted Therapy of Melanoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121874. [PMID: 36551302 PMCID: PMC9775438 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigment production is a unique character of melanocytes. Numerous factors are linked with melanin production, including genetics, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism of melanogenesis is crucial to identify new preventive and therapeutic strategies in the treatment of melanoma. Here, we reviewed the current available literatures on the mechanisms of melanogenesis, including the signaling pathways of UVR-induced pigment production, MC1R's central determinant roles and MITF as a master transcriptional regulator in melanogenesis. Moreover, we further highlighted the role of targeting BRAF, NRAS and MC1R in melanoma prevention and treatment. The combination therapeutics of immunotherapy and targeted kinase inhibitors are becoming the newest therapeutic option in advanced melanoma.
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SMILE Downregulation during Melanogenesis Induces MITF Transcription in B16F10 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315094. [PMID: 36499416 PMCID: PMC9738925 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
SMILE (small heterodimer partner-interacting leucine zipper protein) is a transcriptional corepressor that potently regulates various cellular processes such as metabolism and growth in numerous tissues. However, its regulatory role in skin tissue remains uncharacterized. Here, we demonstrated that SMILE expression markedly decreased in human melanoma biopsy specimens and was inversely correlated with that of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). During melanogenesis, α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induction of MITF was mediated by a decrease in SMILE expression in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Mechanistically, SMILE was regulated by α-MSH/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling and suppressed MITF promoter activity via corepressing transcriptional activity of the cAMP response element-binding protein. Moreover, SMILE overexpression significantly reduced α-MSH-induced MITF and melanogenic genes, thereby inhibiting melanin production in melanocytes. Conversely, SMILE inhibition increased the transcription of melanogenic genes and melanin contents. These results indicate that SMILE is a downstream effector of cAMP-mediated signaling and is a critical factor in the regulation of melanogenic transcription; in addition, they suggest a potential role of SMILE as a corepressor in skin pigmentation.
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Daníelsson SB, García‐Llorca A, Reynisson H, Eysteinsson T. Mouse microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) mutations affect the structure of the retinal vasculature. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:911-918. [PMID: 35348289 PMCID: PMC9790633 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mice carrying pathogenic variants in the microphthalmia transcription factor (Mitf) gene show structural and functional changes in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. The purpose of this study was to assess the vascular changes in Mitf mice carrying pathogenic variants by determining their retinal vessel diameter. METHODS Mice examined in this study were: B6-Mitfmi-vga9/+ (n = 6), B6-Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) (n = 6) and C57BL/6J wild type mice (n = 6), all 3 months old. Fundus images were taken with a Micron IV camera after intraperitoneal injection of fluorescein salt. Images were adjusted to enhance contrast and a custom written MATLAB program used to extract the mean vascular diameter at a pre-defined distance from the optic disc. The number of vessels, mean diameter and mean total diameter were examined. RESULTS The mean diameter of retinal veins in Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice was 18.8% larger than in wild type (p = 0.026). No differences in the mean diameter of the retinal arteries were found between the genotypes. Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice have 17.2% more retinal arteries (p = 0.026), and 15.6% more retinal veins (p = 0.041) than wild type. A 24.8% increase was observed in the mean combined arterial diameter in mice with the Mitfmi-enu22(398)/ Mitfmi-enu22(398) compared to wild type mice (p = 0.024). A 38.6% increase was found in the mean combined venular diameter in mice with the Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) pathogenic variation as compared to wild type (p = 0.004). The mean combined retinal venular diameter in the Mitfmi-vga9/+ mice was 17.8% larger than in wild type (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION An increase in vascularization of the retina in Mitfmi-enu22(398) /Mitfmi-enu22(398) mice was found, indicating an increased demand for blood flow to the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefán Broddi Daníelsson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Andrea García‐Llorca
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Hallur Reynisson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
| | - Thor Eysteinsson
- Department of Physiology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of IcelandReykjavíkIceland
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MiT translocation renal cell carcinoma: A review of the literature from molecular characterization to clinical management. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zhu EY, Riordan JD, Vanneste M, Henry MD, Stipp CS, Dupuy AJ. SRC-RAC1 signaling drives drug resistance to BRAF inhibition in de-differentiated cutaneous melanomas. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:74. [PMID: 36271142 PMCID: PMC9587254 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare gain-of-function mutations in RAC1 drive drug resistance to targeted BRAF inhibition in cutaneous melanoma. Here, we show that wildtype RAC1 is a critical driver of growth and drug resistance, but only in a subset of melanomas with elevated markers of de-differentiation. Similarly, SRC inhibition also selectively sensitized de-differentiated melanomas to BRAF inhibition. One possible mechanism may be the suppression of the de-differentiated state, as SRC and RAC1 maintained markers of de-differentiation in human melanoma cells. The functional differences between melanoma subtypes suggest that the clinical management of cutaneous melanoma can be enhanced by the knowledge of differentiation status. To simplify the task of classification, we developed a binary classification strategy based on a small set of ten genes. Using this gene set, we reliably determined the differentiation status previously defined by hundreds of genes. Overall, our study informs strategies that enhance the precision of BRAFi by discovering unique vulnerabilities of the de-differentiated cutaneous melanoma subtype and creating a practical method to resolve differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot Y Zhu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Cancer Biology Graduate Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,The Medical Scientist Training Program, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jesse D Riordan
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marion Vanneste
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael D Henry
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher S Stipp
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Adam J Dupuy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Yamauchi T, Shangraw S, Zhai Z, Ravindran Menon D, Batta N, Dellavalle RP, Fujita M. Alcohol as a Non-UV Social-Environmental Risk Factor for Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5010. [PMID: 36291794 PMCID: PMC9599745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although cancer mortality has declined among the general population, the incidence of melanoma continues to rise. While identifying high-risk cohorts with genetic risk factors improves public health initiatives and clinical care management, recognizing modifiable risk factors such as social-environmental risk factors would also affect the methods of patient outreach and education. One major modifiable social-environmental risk factor associated with melanoma is ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, not all forms of melanoma are correlated with sun exposure or occur in sun-exposed areas. Additionally, UV exposure is rarely associated with tumor progression. Another social-environmental factor, pregnancy, does not explain the sharply increased incidence of melanoma. Recent studies have demonstrated that alcohol consumption is positively linked with an increased risk of cancers, including melanoma. This perspective review paper summarizes epidemiological data correlating melanoma incidence with alcohol consumption, describes the biochemical mechanisms of ethanol metabolism, and discusses how ethanol and ethanol metabolites contribute to human cancer, including melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamauchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Shangraw
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zili Zhai
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dinoop Ravindran Menon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Nisha Batta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Robert P Dellavalle
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Wang Y, Li M, Zeng J, Yang Y, Li Z, Hu S, Yang F, Wang N, Wang W, Tie J. MiR-585-5p impedes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by orchestrating the interactions among CREB1, MAPK1 and MITF. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008195. [PMID: 36268034 PMCID: PMC9576935 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundGastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant and lethal cancers worldwide. Multiple microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key regulators in the progression of GC. However, the underlying pathogenesis that miRNAs govern GC malignancy remains uncertain. Here, we identified a novel miR-585-5p as a key regulator in GC development.MethodsThe expression of miR-585-5p in the context of GC tissue was detected by in situ hybridization for GC tissue microarray and assessed by H-scoring. The gain- and loss-of-function analyses comprised of Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and Transwell invasion and migration assay. The expression of downstream microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) were examined by Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. The direct regulation between miR-585-5p and MITF/CREB1/MAPK1 were predicted by bioinformatic analysis and screened by luciferase reporter assay. The direct transcriptional activation of CREB1 on MITF was verified by luciferase reporter assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs). The interaction between MAPK1 and MITF was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and immunofluorescent double-labelled staining.ResultsMiR-585-5p is progressively downregulated in GC tissues and low miR-585-5p levels were strongly associated with poor clinical outcomes. Further gain- and loss-of-function analyses showed that miR-585-5p possesses strong anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic capacities in GC. Follow-up studies indicated that miR-585-5p targets the downstream molecules CREB1 and MAPK1 to regulate the transcriptional and post-translational regulation of MITF, respectively, thus controlling its expression and cancer-promoting activity. MiR-585-5p directly and negatively regulates MITF together with CREB1 and MAPK1. According to bioinformatic analysis, promotor reporter gene assays, ChIP and EMSAs, CREB1 binds to the promotor region to enhance transcriptional expression of MITF. Co-IP and immunofluorescent double-labelled staining confirmed interaction between MAPK1 and MITF. Protein immunoprecipitation revealed that MAPK1 enhances MITF activity via phosphorylation (Ser73). MiR-585-5p can not only inhibit MITF expression directly, but also hinder MITF expression and pro-cancerous activity in a CREB1-/MAPK1-dependent manner indirectly.ConclusionsIn conclusion, this study uncovered miR-585-5p impedes gastric cancer proliferation and metastasis by orchestrating the interactions among CREB1, MAPK1 and MITF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwei Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ming Li
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi’an People’s Hospital (Xi’an Fourth Hospital), Xi’an, China
| | - Jiaoxia Zeng
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zengshan Li
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Sijun Hu
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Na Wang
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wenlan Wang
- Department of Aerospace Hygiene, School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tie, ; Wenlan Wang,
| | - Jun Tie
- State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Jun Tie, ; Wenlan Wang,
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Russo T, Piccolo V, Moscarella E, Tschandl P, Kittler H, Paoli J, Lallas A, Braun RP, Thomas L, Soyer HP, Malvehy J, Puig S, Marghoob A, Scope A, Blum A, Halpern AC, Cabo H, Menzies S, Stolz W, Tanaka M, Rabinovitz H, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Bakos RM, Zalaudek I, Pellacani G, Veiga AV, Maceiras LR, de las Heras-Sotos C, Argenziano G. Indications for Digital Monitoring of Patients With Multiple Nevi: Recommendations from the International Dermoscopy Society. Dermatol Pract Concept 2022; 12:e2022182. [PMID: 36534527 PMCID: PMC9681223 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1204a182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In patients with multiple nevi, sequential imaging using total body skin photography (TBSP) coupled with digital dermoscopy (DD) documentation reduces unnecessary excisions and improves the early detection of melanoma. Correct patient selection is essential for optimizing the efficacy of this diagnostic approach. Objectives The purpose of the study was to identify, via expert consensus, the best indications for TBSP and DD follow-up. Methods This study was performed on behalf of the International Dermoscopy Society (IDS). We attained consensus by using an e-Delphi methodology. The panel of participants included international experts in dermoscopy. In each Delphi round, experts were asked to select from a list of indications for TBSP and DD. Results Expert consensus was attained after 3 rounds of Delphi. Participants considered a total nevus count of 60 or more nevi or the presence of a CDKN2A mutation sufficient to refer the patient for digital monitoring. Patients with more than 40 nevi were only considered an indication in case of personal history of melanoma or red hair and/or a MC1R mutation or history of organ transplantation. Conclusions Our recommendations support clinicians in choosing appropriate follow-up regimens for patients with multiple nevi and in applying the time-consuming procedure of sequential imaging more efficiently. Further studies and real-life data are needed to confirm the usefulness of this list of indications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Piccolo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Moscarella
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Philipp Tschandl
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Kittler
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - John Paoli
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aimilios Lallas
- First Department of Dermatology, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ralph P. Braun
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Thomas
- Department of Dermatology, Lyon-1 University, and Cancer research center Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Josep Malvehy
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona & IDIBAPS & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana Puig
- Melanoma Unit, Dermatology Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona & IDIBAPS & CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ashfaq Marghoob
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York, USA
| | - Alon Scope
- The Kittner Skin Cancer Screening and Research Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Andreas Blum
- Public, Private and Teaching Practice of Dermatology, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Allan C. Halpern
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Hauppauge, New York, USA
| | - Horacio Cabo
- Dermatology Institute of Medical Research, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Scott Menzies
- Discipline of Dermatology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney and Sydney Melanoma Diagnostic Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Wilhelm Stolz
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Environmental Medicine Clinic Thalkirchen, Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Masaru Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University Medical Center East, Japan
| | - Harold Rabinovitz
- Department of Dermatology Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, United States
| | | | - Renato Marchiori Bakos
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de Clınicas de Porto Alegre - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Department of Dermatology, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Ana Varela Veiga
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Complex of Ferrol, A Coruña, Spain
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Yoon JH, Youn K, Jun M. Discovery of Pinostrobin as a Melanogenic Agent in cAMP/PKA and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183713. [PMID: 36145089 PMCID: PMC9504415 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanogenesis is the process of melanin synthesis to protect the skin against ultraviolet radiation and other external stresses. The loss of skin pigmentation is closely related to depigmented skin disorders. The melanogenic effects of pinostrobin, an active flavanone found in honey, were evaluated. B16F10 cells were used for melanin content, tyrosinase activity, and the expression of melanogenesis-related markers. Moreover, computational simulations were performed to predict docking and pharmacokinetics. Pinostrobin increased melanin levels and tyrosinase activity by stimulating the expression of melanogenic regulatory factors including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP) 1 and microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF). Specifically, the phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) involved in the MITF activation was augmented by pinostrobin. Moreover, the compound upregulated the β-catenin by cAMP/PKA-mediated GSK-3β inactivation. Co-treatment with a PKA inhibitor, inhibited melanin production, tyrosinase activity, and expression of MITF, p-CREB, p-GSK-3β and p-β-catenin, demonstrating that pinostrobin-stimulated melanogenesis was closely related to cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. Furthermore, the combination of pinostrobin and a specific p38 inhibitor, showed that MITF upregulation by pinostrobin was partly associated with the p38 signaling pathway. Docking simulation exhibited that the oxygen group at C-4 and the hydroxyl group at C-5 of pinostrobin may play an essential role in melanogenesis. In silico analysis revealed that pinostrobin had the optimal pharmacokinetic profiles including gastrointestinal absorption, skin permeability, and inhibition of cytochrome (CYP) enzymes. From the present results, it might be suggested that pinostrobin could be useful as a potent and safe melanogenic agent in the depigmentation disorder, vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7323; Fax: +82-51-200-7535
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Shabna A, Antony J, Vijayakurup V, Saikia M, Liju VB, Retnakumari AP, Amrutha NA, Alex VV, Swetha M, Aiswarya SU, Jannet S, Unni US, Sundaram S, Sherin DR, Anto NP, Bava SV, Chittalakkottu S, Ran S, Anto RJ. Pharmacological attenuation of melanoma by tryptanthrin pertains to the suppression of MITF-M through MEK/ERK signaling axis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:478. [PMID: 35948813 PMCID: PMC11072980 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04476-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive among all types of skin cancers. The current strategies against melanoma utilize BRAFV600E, as a focal point for targeted therapy. However, therapy resistance developed in melanoma patients against the conventional anti-melanoma drugs hinders the ultimate benefits of targeted therapies. A major mechanism by which melanoma cells attain therapy resistance is via the activation of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor-M (MITF-M), the key transcription factor and oncogene aiding the survival of melanoma cells. We demonstrate that tryptanthrin (Tpn), an indole quinazoline alkaloid, which we isolated and characterized from Wrightia tinctoria, exhibits remarkable anti-tumor activity towards human melanoma through the down-regulation of MITF-M. Microarray analysis of Tpn-treated melanoma cells followed by a STRING protein association network analysis revealed that differential expression of genes in melanoma converges at MITF-M. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies conducted using melanoma cells with differential MITF-M expression status, endogenously or ectopically, demonstrated that the anti-melanoma activity of Tpn is decisively contingent on its efficacy in down-regulating MITF-M expression. Tpn potentiates the degradation of MITF-M via the modulation of MEK1/2-ERK1/2-MITF-M signaling cascades. Murine models demonstrate the efficacy of Tpn in attenuating the migration and metastasis of melanoma cells, while remaining pharmacologically safe. In addition, Tpn suppresses the expression of mutated BRAFV600E and inhibits Casein Kinase 2α, a pro-survival enzyme that regulates ERK1/2 homeostasis in many tumor types, including melanoma. Together, we point to a promising anti-melanoma drug in Tpn, by virtue of its attributes to impede melanoma invasion and metastasis by attenuating MITF-M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Shabna
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Jayesh Antony
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Zoology, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Vinod Vijayakurup
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Minakshi Saikia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Vijayasteltar B Liju
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Archana P Retnakumari
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Nisthul A Amrutha
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Vijai V Alex
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Mundanattu Swetha
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Sreekumar U Aiswarya
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Somaraj Jannet
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India
| | - Uma Subramanian Unni
- KRIBS-BioNest, Third Campus of Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB) Kalamassery, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Sankar Sundaram
- Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala, 686008, India
| | - Daisy R Sherin
- Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management, Karyavattom, Kazhakkoottam, Kerala, 695581, India
| | - Nikhil Ponnoor Anto
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84105, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Smitha V Bava
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Calicut, Malappuram, Kerala, 673635, India
| | - Sadasivan Chittalakkottu
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Thalassery Campus, Kannur University, Kannur, Kerala, 670661, India
| | - Sophia Ran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University-School of Medicine, PO Box 19626, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695014, India.
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Yu D, Feng Y, Jiang Z, Yan T, Fang K, Shi Y, Zhang J, Zhang S. The role of human antigen R (HuR) in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:566. [PMID: 35965840 PMCID: PMC9372994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest outermost organ of the human body. It is vulnerable to various damages, such as ionizing radiation. Exploration of proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells contributes to the development of medical and cosmetic countermeasures against skin aging and toward injury protection. Human antigen R (HuR) is one of the most widely studied RNA-binding proteins and serves an important role in stabilization of mRNA and regulation of the expression of the target genes. To investigate the role of HuR in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells, the present study performed an in vitro study using lentivirus-mediated overexpression or silencing of HuR in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells and human skin fibroblast WS1 cells. The results indicated that overexpression of HuR promoted proliferation, whereas downregulation of HuR inhibited proliferation of HaCaT and WS1 cells. Overexpression of HuR reduced apoptosis and senescence in skin cells. RNA-Seq of skin cells with HuR overexpression or knockdown identified 77 mRNAs positively or negatively correlated with HuR expression levels. In addition, silencing of HuR induced a significant increase in radiogenic reactive oxygen species after irradiation. Overexpression of HuR increased radiotolerance of HaCaT and WS1 cells. RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with RNA-Seq identified 14 mRNAs interacting with HuR upon radiation exposure. Overall, the findings of the present study illustrated the key role of HuR in modulating proliferation, senescence and radiosensitivity of skin cells providing a new therapeutic strategy for cosmetic treatments and to combat skin injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojiang Yu
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Feng
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Kai Fang
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Yuhong Shi
- Department of Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Radiation Medicine Department of Institute of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Laboratory of Radiation Medicine, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Jeon S, Kim MM. Creation of the Gain-of-Function Mutation of the MITF Gene Related to Melanogenesis Using the CRISPR-Cas9 System. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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49
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LINC00518 Promotes Cell Malignant Behaviors via Influencing EIF4A3-Mediated mRNA Stability of MITF in Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3546795. [PMID: 35813236 PMCID: PMC9262545 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3546795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma has become the most severe sort of skin cancer, deriving from the pigment-producing melanocytes. Existing research has validated that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical function in the progression of cancers. LINC00518 has been studied in cutaneous melanoma; however, the molecular mechanism of LINC00518 in melanoma needs in-depth investigation. In our study, LINC00518 was revealed to be upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, and melanoma patients in high LINC00518 expression group had poorer prognosis as depicted in GEPIA database. Functional assays revealed that LINC00518 depletion inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, MITF was confirmed to be upregulated in melanoma tissues and cells, and melanoma patients in high MITF expression group had poorer prognosis as displayed in GEPIA database. MITF expression was positively connected to LINC00518 expression. Additionally, results of mechanism assays uncovered EIF4A3 could bind with LINC00518 and MITF, and LINC00518 recruited EIF4A3 to stabilize MITF mRNA. Finally, it was demonstrated that upregulation of MITF could partially abrogate the inhibitory impact of LINC00518 knockdown on melanoma cell malignant behaviors. To summarize, LINC00518 promotes the malignant processes of melanoma cells through targeting EIF4A3/MITF axis, which might provide novel potential biomarkers for melanoma prognosis.
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Dimethyl Itaconate Reduces α-MSH-Induced Pigmentation via Modulation of AKT and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134183. [PMID: 35807430 PMCID: PMC9268225 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is implicated in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Therefore, DMI and itaconic acid (ITA), classified as NRF2 activators, have potential uses in hyperpigmentation reduction. The activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor for MITF gene promoter, is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ITA and DMI on alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced MITF expression and the modulatory role of protein kinase B (AKT) and GSK3β in melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. These cells were incubated with α-MSH alone or in combination with ITA or DMI. Proteins were visualized and quantified using immunoblotting and densitometry. Compared to ITA, DMI treatment exhibited a better inhibitory effect on the α-MSH-induced expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF. Our data indicate that DMI exerts its anti-melanogenic effect via modulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, DMI may be an effective therapeutic agent for both inflammation and hyperpigmentation.
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