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Huang L, Gao R, Nan L, Qi J, Yang S, Shao S, Xie J, Pan M, Qiu T, Zhang J. Anti-VEGFR2-Interferon α Promotes the Infiltration of CD8+ T Cells in Colorectal Cancer by Upregulating the Expression of CCL5. J Immunother 2024; 47:195-204. [PMID: 38654631 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
SUMMARY Immunocytokines are a promising immunotherapeutic approach in cancer therapy. Anti-VEGFR2-interferon α (IFNα) suppressed colorectal cancer (CRC) growth and enhanced CD8 + T-cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment, exhibiting great clinical translational potential. However, the mechanism of how the anti-VEGFR2-IFNα recruits T cells has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that anti-VEGFR2-IFNα suppressed CRC metastasis and enhanced CD8 + T-cell infiltration. RNA sequencing revealed a transcriptional activation of CCL5 in metastatic CRC cells, which was correlated with T-cell infiltration. IFNα but not anti-VEGFR2 could further upregulate CCL5 in tumors. In immunocompetent mice, both IFNα and anti-VEGFR2-IFNα increased the subset of tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells through upregulation of CCL5. Knocking down CCL5 in tumor cells attenuated the infiltration of CD8 + T cells and dampened the antitumor efficacy of anti-VEGFR2-IFNα treatment. We, therefore, propose upregulation of CCL5 is a key to enhance infiltration of CD8 + T cells in metastatic CRC with IFNα and IFNα-based immunocytokine treatments. These findings may help the development of IFNα related immune cytokines for the treatment of less infiltrated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Huang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Rui Gao
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lidi Nan
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Qi
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Yang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Shao
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Xie
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | | | - Juan Zhang
- Antibody Engineering Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Biopharmaceutical, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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Yosef M, Bunimovich-Mendrazitsky S. Mathematical model of MMC chemotherapy for non-invasive bladder cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1352065. [PMID: 38884094 PMCID: PMC11176538 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1352065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitomycin-C (MMC) chemotherapy is a well-established anti-cancer treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). However, despite comprehensive biological research, the complete mechanism of action and an ideal regimen of MMC have not been elucidated. In this study, we present a theoretical investigation of NMIBC growth and its treatment by continuous administration of MMC chemotherapy. Using temporal ordinary differential equations (ODEs) to describe cell populations and drug molecules, we formulated the first mathematical model of tumor-immune interactions in the treatment of MMC for NMIBC, based on biological sources. Several hypothetical scenarios for NMIBC under the assumption that tumor size correlates with cell count are presented, depicting the evolution of tumors classified as small, medium, and large. These scenarios align qualitatively with clinical observations of lower recurrence rates for tumor size ≤ 30[mm] with MMC treatment, demonstrating that cure appears up to a theoretical x[mm] tumor size threshold, given specific parameters within a feasible biological range. The unique use of mole units allows to introduce a new method for theoretical pre-treatment assessments by determining MMC drug doses required for a cure. In this way, our approach provides initial steps toward personalized MMC chemotherapy for NMIBC patients, offering the possibility of new insights and potentially holding the key to unlocking some of its mysteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marom Yosef
- Department of Mathematics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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3
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Tian J, Bai X, Quek C. Single-Cell Informatics for Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4485. [PMID: 38674070 PMCID: PMC11050520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer comprises malignant cells surrounded by the tumor microenvironment (TME), a dynamic ecosystem composed of heterogeneous cell populations that exert unique influences on tumor development. The immune community within the TME plays a substantial role in tumorigenesis and tumor evolution. The innate and adaptive immune cells "talk" to the tumor through ligand-receptor interactions and signaling molecules, forming a complex communication network to influence the cellular and molecular basis of cancer. Such intricate intratumoral immune composition and interactions foster the application of immunotherapies, which empower the immune system against cancer to elicit durable long-term responses in cancer patients. Single-cell technologies have allowed for the dissection and characterization of the TME to an unprecedented level, while recent advancements in bioinformatics tools have expanded the horizon and depth of high-dimensional single-cell data analysis. This review will unravel the intertwined networks between malignancy and immunity, explore the utilization of computational tools for a deeper understanding of tumor-immune communications, and discuss the application of these approaches to aid in diagnosis or treatment decision making in the clinical setting, as well as the current challenges faced by the researchers with their potential future improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Camelia Quek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.T.); (X.B.)
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Hao Q, Kundu S, Shetty S, Tang H. Runx3 Regulates CD8 + T Cell Local Expansion and CD43 Glycosylation in Mice by H1N1 Influenza A Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4220. [PMID: 38673806 PMCID: PMC11050410 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We have recently reported that transcription factor Runx3 is required for pulmonary generation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) that play a crucial role in the clearance of influenza A virus (IAV). To understand the underlying mechanisms, we determined the effects of Runx3 knockout (KO) on CD8+ T cell local expansion and phenotypes using an inducible general Runx3 KO mouse model. We found that in contrast to the lungs, Runx3 general KO promoted enlargement of lung-draining mediastinal lymph node (mLN) and enhanced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell expansion during H1N1 IAV infection. We further found that Runx3 deficiency greatly inhibited core 2 O-glycosylation of selectin ligand CD43 on activated CD8+ T cells but minimally affected the cell surface expression of CD43, activation markers (CD44 and CD69) and cell adhesion molecules (CD11a and CD54). Runx3 KO had a minor effect on lung effector CD8+ T cell death by IAV infection. Our findings indicate that Runx3 differently regulates CD8+ T cell expansion in mLNs and lungs by H1N1 IAV infection. Runx3 is required for CD43 core 2 O-glycosylation on activated CD8+ T cells, and the involved Runx3 signal pathway may mediate CD8+ T cell phenotype for pulmonary generation of CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Tang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708, USA; (Q.H.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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Ke CH, Wu HY, Wang YS, Huang WH, Lin CS. Tumors Established in a Defective Immune Environment Reprogram the Oncogenic Signaling Pathways to Escalate Tumor Antigenicity. Biomedicines 2024; 12:846. [PMID: 38672200 PMCID: PMC11047836 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumors developed in immunocompromised hosts are more immunogenic. However, few studies have addressed the potential mechanisms underlying the high immunogenicity of tumors found in a suppressed immune system. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the impacts of the immune system on tumor behaviors and immunogenicity sculpting. A murine colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, CT26wt, was administrated into immunocompetent (BALB/c) and immunocompromised (NOD.SCID) mice, respectively. On day 11, the CT26 cells slowly progressed in the NOD.SCID mice compared to the BALB/c mice. We then performed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and analyzed the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). The DEPs participated in numerous oncogenic pathways, PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell signaling, and the silencing of several tumor suppressors, such as PTEN and RBL1, during tumorigenesis. On day 34, the CT26/SCID tumors inversely became malignant counterparts; then the CT26/SCID tumors were harvested and re-inoculated into immunocompetent mice (CT26/SCID-Re tumors) to determine the immunogenicity. The CT26/SCID-Re tumor growth rate significantly decreased. Furthermore, increased infiltrations of dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes were found in the CT26/SCID-Re tumors. These findings suggest that immunogenic tumors might express multiple tumor rejection antigens, unlike wild-type tumors, and attract more immune cells, therefore decreasing the growth rate. Collectively, our study first revealed that in immunodeficient hosts, tumor suppressors were silenced and oncogenic signaling pathways were changed during the initial phase of tumor development. With tumor progression, the tumor antigens were overexpressed, exhibiting elevated immunogenicity. This study offers a hint on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and provides a niche for investigating the interaction between host immunity and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Hsin-Yi Wu
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Shan Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
- Uni-Pharma Co., Ltd., Taipei 11494, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-H.K.); (Y.-S.W.)
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Konstantis G, Tsaousi G, Pourzitaki C, Kasper-Virchow S, Zaun G, Kitsikidou E, Passenberg M, Tseriotis VS, Willuweit K, Schmidt HH, Rashidi-Alavijeh J. Identification of Key Genes Associated with Tumor Microenvironment Infiltration and Survival in Gastric Adenocarcinoma via Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1280. [PMID: 38610959 PMCID: PMC11010876 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gastric carcinoma (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. The tumor microenvironment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy. However, the immune-related molecular mechanisms underlying GC remain elusive. Bioinformatics analysis of the gene expression of GC and paracancerous healthy tissues from the same patient was performed to identify the key genes and signaling pathways, as well as their correlation to the infiltration of the tumor microenvironment (TME) by various immune cells related to GC development. METHODS We employed GSE19826, a gene expression profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), for our analysis. Functional enrichment analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) was conducted using the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. RESULTS Cytoscape software facilitated the identification of nine hub DEGs, namely, FN1, COL1A1, COL1A2, THBS2, COL3A1, COL5A1, APOE, SPP1, and BGN. Various network analysis algorithms were applied to determine their high connectivity. Among these hub genes, FN1, COL1A2, THBS2, COL3A1, COL5A1, and BGN were found to be associated with a poor prognosis for GC patients. Subsequent analysis using the TIMER database revealed the infiltration status of the TME concerning the overexpression of these six genes. Specifically, the abovementioned genes demonstrated direct correlations with cancer-associated fibroblasts, M1 and M2 macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and activated dendritic cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the identified hub genes, particularly BGN, FN1, COL1A2, THBS2, COL3A1, and COL5A1, play crucial roles in GC prognosis and TME cell infiltration. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying GC development and may contribute to the identification of potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Konstantis
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.P.); (V.S.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Georgia Tsaousi
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Chryssa Pourzitaki
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.P.); (V.S.T.)
| | - Stefan Kasper-Virchow
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Gregor Zaun
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Elisavet Kitsikidou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelical Hospital Dusseldorf, 40217 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Moritz Passenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Vasilis Spyridon Tseriotis
- Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (C.P.); (V.S.T.)
| | - Katharina Willuweit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Hartmut H. Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jassin Rashidi-Alavijeh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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7
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Zhang G, Shu Z, Yu J, Li J, Yi P, Wu B, Deng D, Yan S, Li Y, Ren D, Hou Y, Lan C. High ANO1 expression is a prognostic factor and correlated with an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341209. [PMID: 38352864 PMCID: PMC10861777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Aminooctylamine (ANO1) plays an oncogenic role in various cancers. However. its role in pancreatic cancer (PC) has rarely been studied. This study investigated the prognostic value of ANO1 and its correlation with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in PC. Methods Consecutive patients with PC (n = 119) were enrolled. The expression of ANO1 in cancer cells, the expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) and alpha smooth muscle actin in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and the numbers of CD8- and FOXP3-positive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated using immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of ANO1 and its correlation with CAF subgroups and TILs were analyzed. The possible mechanism of ANO1 in the TME of PC was predicted using the the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Results The expression of AN01 was correlated with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival. Multi-factor analysis showed that high ANO1 expression was an independent adverse prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 4.137; P = 0.001). ANO1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of FAP in CAFs (P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with the number of CD8-positive TILs (P = 0.005), which was also validated by bioinformatics analysis in the TCGA dataset. Moreover, bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA dataset revealed that ANO1 may induce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in pancreatic cancer in a paracrine manner. Conclusion ANO1 is a prognostic factor in patients with PC after radical resection. ANO1 may induce an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in PC in a paracrine manner, suggesting that ANO1 may be a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangnian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhihui Shu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jianshui Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Pengsheng Yi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yifu Hou
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Immunology Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Lan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Severe Acute Pancreatitis, The Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
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Hoyer A, Chakraborty S, Lilienthal I, Konradsen JR, Katayama S, Söderhäll C. The functional role of CST1 and CCL26 in asthma development. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1162. [PMID: 38270326 PMCID: PMC10797655 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is the most common chronic disease in children with an increasing prevalence. Its development is caused by genetic and environmental factors and allergic sensitization is a known trigger. Dog allergens affect up to 30% of all children and dog dander-sensitized children show increased expression of cystatin-1 (CST1) and eotaxin-3 (CCL26) in nasal epithelium. The aim of our study was to investigate the functional mechanism of CST1 and CCL26 in the alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549. METHODS A549 cells were transfected with individual overexpression vectors for CST1 and CCL26 and RNA sequencing was performed to examine the transcriptomics. edgeR was used to identify differentially expressed genes (= DEG, |log2 FC | ≥ 2, FDR < 0.01). The protein expression levels of A549 cells overexpressing CST1 and CCL26 were analyzed using the Target 96 inflammation panel from OLINK (antibody-mediated proximity extension-based assay; OLINK Proteomics). Differentially expressed proteins were considered with a |log2 FC| ≥ 1, p < .05. RESULTS The overexpression of CST1 resulted in a total of 27 DEG (1 upregulated and 26 downregulated) and the overexpression of CCL26 in a total of 137 DEG (0 upregulated and 137 downregulated). The gene ontology enrichment analysis showed a significant downregulation of type I and III interferon signaling pathway genes as well as interferon-stimulated genes. At the protein level, overexpression of CST1 induced a significantly increased expression of CCL3, whereas CCL26 overexpression led to increased expression of HGF, and a decrease of CXCL11, CCL20, CCL3 and CXCL10. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that an overexpression of CST1 and CCL26 cause a downregulation of interferon related genes and inflammatory proteins. It might cause a higher disease susceptibility, mainly for allergic asthma, as CCL26 is an agonist for CCR-3-carrying cells, such as eosinophils and Th2 lymphocytes, mostly active in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hoyer
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Ingrid Lilienthal
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
| | - Jon R. Konradsen
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Cilla Söderhäll
- Department of Women's and Children's HealthKarolinska InstitutetSolnaSweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's HospitalKarolinska University HospitalSolnaSweden
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Elkoshi Z. The Eradication of Carcinogenic Viruses in Established Solid Cancers. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:6227-6239. [PMID: 38145011 PMCID: PMC10749098 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s430315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic viruses (oncoviruses) can initiate cancer, but their impact on established cancer varies. Some of these viruses prolong survival while others shorten it. This study classifies oncoviruses into two categories: viruses which induce a strong CD8+T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues, and viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction in non-cancerous tissues. The classification proves useful in predicting the effect of oncoviruses on the prognosis of solid cancers. Therefore, while eliminating carcinogenic viruses in healthy individuals (for example by immunization) may be important for cancer prevention, this study suggests that only viruses which induce a weak CD8+ T cell reaction should be eradicated in established solid tumors. The model correctly predicts the effect of oncoviruses on survival for six out of seven known oncoviruses, indicating that immune modulation by oncoviruses has a prominent effect on prognosis. It seems that CD8+ T cell response to oncoviruses observed in infected benign tissues is retained in infected tumors. Clinical significance: the effect of oncoviruses on solid cancer prognosis can be predicted with confidence based on immunological responses when clinical data are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Elkoshi
- Research and Development Department, Taro Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Reali E, Ferrari D. From the Skin to Distant Sites: T Cells in Psoriatic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15707. [PMID: 37958689 PMCID: PMC10648543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin has long been known as a protective organ, acting as a mechanical barrier towards the external environment. More recent is the acquisition that in addition to this fundamental role, the complex architecture of the skin hosts a variety of immune and non-immune cells playing preeminent roles in immunological processes aimed at blocking infections, tumor progression and migration, and elimination of xenobiotics. On the other hand, dysregulated or excessive immunological response into the skin leads to autoimmune reactions culminating in a variety of skin pathological manifestations. Among them is psoriasis, a multifactorial, immune-mediated disease with a strong genetic basis. Psoriasis affects 2-3% of the population; it is associated with cardiovascular comorbidities, and in up to 30% of the cases, with psoriatic arthritis. The pathogenesis of psoriasis is due to the complex interplay between the genetic background of the patient, environmental factors, and both innate and adaptive responses. Moreover, an autoimmune component and the comprehension of the mechanisms linking chronic skin inflammation with systemic and joint manifestations in psoriatic patients is still a major challenge. The understanding of these mechanisms may offer a valuable chance to find targetable molecules to treat the disease and prevent its progression to severe systemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Reali
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Davide Ferrari
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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El-Arabey A, Abdel-Hamied H, Awadalla M, Alosaimi B, Almanaa T, Al-Shouli S, Modafer Y, Alhamdi H, Abdalla M. A bioinformatic analysis of the role of TP53 status on the infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12970. [PMID: 37878888 PMCID: PMC10591486 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play basic roles in the immune system in a tumor microenvironment (TME) to fight cancer. Several reports have suggested signs of the involvement of tumor protein p53 (TP53) in a complex immune system network. Moreover, our previous research indicated that TP53 orchestrates the polarization and infiltration of macrophages into the TME. In the present study, the clinical function of TP53 status (wild/mutant) in CD8+ T cell infiltration was assessed using more than 10,000 The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples from 30 cancer types through Tumor Immune Estimation (TIMER). Our investigation revealed that CD8+ T cell infiltration was higher in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC) patients with wild-type TP53 than in those with mutant TP53. Wild-type TP53 conferred a good prognosis for HNSC and UCEC (P<0.05). In contrast, CD8+ T cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients with wild-type TP53 was much lower than in those with mutant TP53. Notably, clinical outcomes for LUAD with wild-type TP53 were poor (P<0.05). This study was the first to provide insights into the novel association of TP53 with CD8+ T cells infiltration in the TME in patients with HNSC, LUAD, and UCEC. Therefore, TP53 status acts as a prognostic marker, and this can be used as a basis to further study the effect of targeting TP53 in these patients. Furthermore, our study found that TP53 status was a reliable predictive factor and therapeutic target in patients with HNSC and UCEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.A. El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - H.E. Abdel-Hamied
- Department of General Pathology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - M.E. Awadalla
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - B. Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - T.N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S.T. Al-Shouli
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y.A. Modafer
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - H.W. Alhamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Abdalla
- Pediatric Research Institute, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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12
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Cho E, Singh R, Han C, Kim SH, Kim KH, Park BM, Shin DH, Han S, Kim YH, Kwon BS, Nam KT, Choi BK. 4-1BB-4-1BBL cis-interaction contributes to the survival of self-reactive CD8 + T cell. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:1077-1080. [PMID: 37365325 PMCID: PMC10468488 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eunjung Cho
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rohit Singh
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungyong Han
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, 25601, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang H Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Mi Park
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
- Anticancer Resistance Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongeun Han
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Young H Kim
- Eutilex Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung S Kwon
- Eutilex Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul, 08594, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Beom K Choi
- Immuno-oncology Branch, Division of Rare and Refractory Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, 10408, Republic of Korea.
- Innobationbio Co., Ltd., Mapo-gu, Seoul, 03929, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Abdelbary M, Hobbs SJ, Gibbs JS, Yewdell JW, Nolz JC. T cell receptor signaling strength establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8 + T cells that control tissue-residency. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3928. [PMID: 37402742 PMCID: PMC10319879 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T cells are largely derived from recently activated effector T cells, but the mechanisms that control the extent of TRM differentiation within tissue microenvironments remain unresolved. Here, using an IFNγ-YFP reporter system to identify CD8+ T cells executing antigen-dependent effector functions, we define the transcriptional consequences and functional mechanisms controlled by TCR-signaling strength that occur within the skin during viral infection to promote TRM differentiation. TCR-signaling both enhances CXCR6-mediated migration and suppresses migration toward sphingosine-1-phosphate, indicating the programming of a 'chemotactic switch' following secondary antigen encounter within non-lymphoid tissues. Blimp1 was identified as the critical target of TCR re-stimulation that is necessary to establish this chemotactic switch and for TRM differentiation to efficiently occur. Collectively, our findings show that access to antigen presentation and strength of TCR-signaling required for Blimp1 expression establishes the chemotactic properties of effector CD8+ T cells to promote residency within non-lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Abdelbary
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - James S Gibbs
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Cellular Biology Section, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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14
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He M, Jiang X, Miao J, Feng W, Xie T, Liao S, Qin Z, Tang H, Lin C, Li B, Xu J, Liu Y, Mo Z, Wei Q. A new insight of immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:1056-1073. [PMID: 37439349 PMCID: PMC10581164 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231171900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the primary organ for the metastasis of osteosarcoma. Although the application of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery has remarkably improved the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma, prognosis is still poor for those patients with metastasis. In this study, we performed further bioinformatics analysis on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data published before, containing 75,317 cells from two osteosarcoma lung metastasis and five normal lung tissues. First, we classified 17 clusters, including macrophages, T cells, endothelial cells, and so on, indicating highly intratumoral heterogeneity in osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Next, we found macrophages in osteosarcoma lung metastasis did not have significant M1 or M2 polarizations. Then, we identified that T cells occupied the most abundant among all cell clusters, and found CD8+ T cells exhibited a low expression level of immune checkpoints in osteosarcoma lung metastasis. What is more, we identified C2_Malignant cells, and found CD63 might play vital roles in determining the infiltration of T cells and malignant cells in conventional-type osteosarcoma lung metastasis. Finally, we unveiled C1_Therapeutic cluster, a subcluster of malignant cells, was sensitive to oxfendazole and mevastatin, and the potential hydrogen-bond position and binding energy of oxfendazole-KIAA0907 and mevastatin-KIAA0907 were unveiled, respectively. Our results highlighted the power of scRNA-seq technique in identifying the complex tumor microenvironment of osteosarcoma lung metastasis, making it possible to devise precision therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei He
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jifeng Miao
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Orthopedics Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Tianyu Xie
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shijie Liao
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaojie Qin
- Department of Orthopedic, The People’s Hospital of Hechi, Hechi 547600, China
| | - Haijun Tang
- Department of Spinal Bone Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chengsen Lin
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Boxiang Li
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Yun Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department of Spinal Bone Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Qingjun Wei
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-Constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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15
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Montico G, Mingozzi F, Casciano F, Protti G, Gornati L, Marzola E, Banfi G, Guerrini R, Secchiero P, Volinia S, Granucci F, Reali E. CCR4 + CD8 + T cells clonally expand to differentiated effectors in murine psoriasis and in human psoriatic arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2149702. [PMID: 36722608 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an autoimmune component and associated with joint inflammation in up to 30% of cases. To investigate autoreactive T cells, we developed an imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like inflammation model in K5-mOVA.tg C57BL/6 mice expressing ovalbumin (OVA) on the keratinocyte membrane, adoptively transferred with OT-I OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. We evaluated the expansion of OT-I CD8+ T cells and their localization in skin, blood, and spleen. scRNA-seq and TCR sequencing data from patients with psoriatic arthritis were also analyzed. In the imiquimod-treated K5-mOVA.tg mouse model, OT-I T cells were markedly expanded in the skin and blood at early time points. OT-I T cells in the skin showed mainly CXCR3+ effector memory phenotype, whereas in peripheral blood there was an expansion of CCR4+ CXCR3+ OT-I cells. At a later time point, expanded OVA-specific T-cell population was found in the spleen. In patients with psoriatic arthritis, scRNA-seq and TCR sequencing data showed clonal expansion of CCR4+ TCM cells in the circulation and further expansion in the synovial fluid. Importantly, there was a clonotype overlap between CCR4+ TCM in the peripheral blood and CD8+ T-cell effectors in the synovial fluid. This mechanism could play a role in the generation and spreading of autoreactive T cells to the synovioentheseal tissues in psoriasis patients at risk of developing psoriatic arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Mingozzi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Casciano
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Center for the Study of Multiple Sclerosis and Inflammatory and Degenerative Diseases of the Nervous System, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Protti
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi" (INGM), Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Gornati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Erika Marzola
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Secchiero
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefano Volinia
- Department of Translational Medicine and LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Biological and Chemical Research Centre (CNBCh UW), University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Granucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Eva Reali
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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16
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Ke CH, Chiu YH, Huang KC, Lin CS. Exposure of Immunogenic Tumor Antigens in Surrendered Immunity and the Significance of Autologous Tumor Cell-Based Vaccination in Precision Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010147. [PMID: 36613591 PMCID: PMC9820296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which immune systems identify and destroy tumors, known as immunosurveillance, have been discussed for decades. However, several factors that lead to tumor persistence and escape from the attack of immune cells in a normal immune system have been found. In the process known as immunoediting, tumors decrease their immunogenicity and evade immunosurveillance. Furthermore, tumors exploit factors such as regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressive cells, and inhibitory cytokines that avoid cytotoxic T cell (CTL) recognition. Current immunotherapies targeting tumors and their surroundings have been proposed. One such immunotherapy is autologous cancer vaccines (ACVs), which are characterized by enriched tumor antigens that can escalate specific CTL responses. Unfortunately, ACVs usually fail to activate desirable therapeutic effects, and the low immunogenicity of ACVs still needs to be elucidated. This difficulty highlights the significance of immunogenic antigens in antitumor therapies. Previous studies have shown that defective host immunity triggers tumor development by reprogramming tumor antigenic expressions. This phenomenon sheds new light on ACVs and provides a potential cue to improve the effectiveness of ACVs. Furthermore, synergistically with the ACV treatment, combinational therapy, which can reverse the suppressive tumor microenvironments, has also been widely proposed. Thus, in this review, we focus on tumor immunogenicity sculpted by the immune systems and discuss the significance and application of restructuring tumor antigens in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei 111002, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Huang
- Holistic Education Center, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Si Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-233-661-286
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17
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Shin MS, Park HJ, Young J, Kang I. Implication of IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression by CD8 + T cells and its signature in defining biomarkers in aging. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:66. [PMID: 36544153 PMCID: PMC9768896 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play an important role in host defense against infections and malignancies as well as contribute to the development of inflammatory disorders. Alterations in the frequency of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells are one of the most significant changes in the immune system with age. As the world population rapidly ages, a better understanding of aging immune function or immunosenescence could become a basis for discovering treatments of illnesses that commonly occur in older adults. In particular, biomarkers for immune aging could be utilized to identify individuals at high risk of developing age-associated conditions and help monitor the efficacy of therapeutic interventions targeting such conditions. This review details the possible role of CD8+ T cell subsets expressing different levels of the cytokine receptor IL-7 receptor alpha chain (IL-7Rα) and the gene signature associated with IL-7Rα as potential biomarkers for immune aging given the association of CD8+ T cells in host defense, inflammation, and immunosenescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sun Shin
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Hong-Jai Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Juan Young
- Departments of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Insoo Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, S525C TAC, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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18
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Sun K, Wu L, Wang S, Deng W. Antitumor effects of Chinese herbal medicine compounds and their nano-formulations on regulating the immune system microenvironment. Front Oncol 2022; 12:949332. [PMID: 36212483 PMCID: PMC9540406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.949332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), including herbal medicine, acupuncture and meditation, has a wide range of applications in China. In recent years, herbal compounding and active ingredients have been used to control tumor growth, reduce suffering, improve quality of life, and prolong the life span of cancer patients. To reduce side effects, herbal medicine can be used in conjunction with radiotherapy and chemotherapy or can be used as an adjuvant to strengthen the immune effect of anticancer vaccines. In particular, in the immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment, herbal medicine can have antitumor effects by stimulating the immune response. This paper reviews the advances in research on antitumor immunomodulation in Chinese herbal medicine, including the regulation of the innate immune system, which includes macrophages, MDSCs, and natural killer cells, and the adaptive immune system, which includes CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs), to influence tumor-associated inflammation. In addition, a combination of active ingredients of herbal medicine and modern nanotechnology alter the tumor immune microenvironment. In recent years, immunological antitumor therapy in TCM has been applied on a reasonably large scale both nationally and internationally, and there is potential for further clinical expansion. Investigation of immune modulation mechanisms in Chinese herbal medicine will provide novel perspectives of how herbal medicine controls tumor growth and metastasis, which will contribute to the evolution of tumor research.
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19
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Vitexin alleviates breast tumor in mice via skewing TAMs toward an iNOS+ profile orchestrating effective CD8+ T cell activation. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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20
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Potashnikova DM, Saidova AA, Tvorogova AV, Anisimova AS, Botsina AY, Vasilieva EY, Margolis LB. CTLs From Patients With Atherosclerosis Show Elevated Adhesiveness and Distinct Integrin Expression Patterns on 2D Substrates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:891916. [PMID: 35911408 PMCID: PMC9328274 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.891916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the major cause of cardiovascular disease that is characterized by plaque formation in the blood vessel wall. Atherosclerotic plaques represent sites of chronic inflammation with diverse cell content that is shifted toward the prevalence of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) upon plaque progression. The studies of CTL recruitment to atherosclerotic plaques require adequate in vitro models accounting for CTL interactions with chemokine-ligands and extracellular matrix fibers via surface chemokine receptors and integrins. Here we applied such a model by investigating CTL adhesion and migration on six types of coated surfaces. We assessed adhesion and motility metrics, the expression of chemokine receptors, and integrins in CTLs of patients with atherosclerosis and healthy donors. Using fibronectin, platelet-poor plasma from patients with atherosclerosis, and conditioned medium from atherosclerotic plaques we revealed the role of substrate in CTL adhesiveness: fibronectin alone and fibronectin combined with platelet-poor plasma and conditioned medium elevated the CTL adhesiveness - in patients the elevation was significantly higher than in healthy donors (p = 0.02, mixed 2-way ANOVA model). This was in line with our finding that the expression levels of integrin-coding mRNAs were elevated in the presence of fibronectin (p < 0.05) and ITGB1, ITGA1, and ITGA4 were specifically upregulated in patients compared to healthy donors (p < 0.01). Our experimental model did not affect the expression levels of mRNAs CCR4, CCR5, and CX3CR1 coding the chemokine receptors that drive T-lymphocyte migration to plaques. Thus, we demonstrated the substrate-dependence of integrin expression and discriminated CTLs from patients and healthy donors by adhesion parameters and integrin expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M. Potashnikova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleena A. Saidova
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna V. Tvorogova
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra S. Anisimova
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandra Yu Botsina
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Yu Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Department of Healthcare, City Clinical Hospital Named After I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid B. Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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21
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Kosai‑Fujimoto Y, Itoh S, Yugawa K, Fukuhara T, Okuzaki D, Toshima T, Harada N, Oda Y, Yoshizumi T, Mori M. Impact of JMJD6 on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2022; 17:131. [PMID: 35911665 PMCID: PMC9326512 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2022.2564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of Jumonji domain-containing 6 (JMJD6) with the prognosis of various types of cancer has been demonstrated, except in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). The present study aimed to clarify the impact of JMJD6 on ICC. The liver specimens of 51 patients who underwent surgery for ICC were analyzed for JMJD6 expression using immunohistochemistry staining. The relationship between clinicopathological factors and JMJD6 expression was investigated. The cellular activity was also evaluated in JMJD6 knocked down cells with Transwell migration assay and viability assay. In the immunohistochemistry staining of clinical samples, high expression of JMJD6 was seen in 32 of 51 samples. High expression was also associated with improved overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) (P=0.0033 and 0.048, respectively). Further analyses revealed that higher JMJD6 expression was one of the improved independent prognostic factors of OS and RFS. Expression of JMJD6 was knocked down in commercial culture cell lines of ICC, and RNA and protein were extracted to analyze the downstream gene expression using RNA-sequencing and western blotting. JMJD6 knockdown was associated with higher programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in RNA-sequencing and western blotting. In addition, PD-L1 expression was higher in JMJD6 low expression clinical samples when measured using immunohistochemistry staining. In conclusion, high expression of JMJD6 was an independent favorable prognostic factor of ICC. JMJD6 may influence the prognosis of ICC through the regulation of PD-L1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kosai‑Fujimoto
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yugawa
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Takasuke Fukuhara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060‑8638, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0871, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Noboru Harada
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Surgery and Science, School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812‑8582, Japan
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22
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Chamanza R, Naylor SW, Gregori M, Boyle M, Pereira Bacares ME, Drevon-Gaillot E, Romeike A, Courtney C, Johnson K, Turner J, Swierzawski N, Sharma AK. The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques ( Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:607-627. [PMID: 35535738 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221096424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the influence of geographical origin, age, and sex on toxicologically relevant spontaneous histopathology findings in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis), we performed a comparative analysis of historical control data (HCD) from 13 test sites that included 3351 animals (1645 females and 1706 males) sourced from Mauritius, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, aged from 2 to 9.5 years, and from 446 toxicology studies evaluated between 2016 and 2021. The most common findings were mononuclear infiltrates in the kidney, liver, brain, and lung, which showed highest incidences in Mauritian macaques, and heart, salivary glands, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which showed highest incidences of mononuclear infiltrates in mainland Asian macaques. Developmental and degenerative findings were more common in Mauritian macaques, while lymphoid hyperplasia and lung pigment showed higher incidences in Asian macaques. Various sex and age-related differences were also present. Despite origin-related differences, the similarities in the nature and distribution of background lesions indicate that macaques from all geographical regions are suitable for toxicity testing and show comparable lesion spectrum. However, in a toxicity study, it is strongly recommended to use animals from a single geographical origin and to follow published guidelines when using HCD to evaluate and interpretate commonly diagnosed spontaneous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Chamanza
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, High Wycombe, UK.,Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Molly Boyle
- Labcorp Drug Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelsey Johnson
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Julie Turner
- Labcorp Drug Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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23
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Wang X, Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Xu J, Zhao H, Zheng D, Sun L, Tai G, Zhou Y, Cheng H. β-1,6-Glucan From Pleurotus eryngii Modulates the Immunity and Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859923. [PMID: 35585984 PMCID: PMC9108243 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii exhibit a variety of biological activities. Here, we obtained a homogeneous branched β-1,6-glucan (APEP-A-b) from the fruiting bodies of P. eryngii and investigated its effect on immunity and gut microbiota. Our results showed that APEP-A-b significantly increases splenic lymphocyte proliferation, NK cell activity and phagocytic capacity of peritoneal cavity phagocytes. Furthermore, we found that the proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in lamina propria are significantly increased upon APEP-A-b treatment. Additionally, APEP-A-b supplementation demonstrated pronounced changes in microbiota reflected in promotion of relative abundances of species in the Lachnospiraceae and Rikenellaceae families. Consistently, APEP-A-b significantly increased the concentration of acetic and butyric acid in cecum contents. Overall, our results suggest that β-1,6-glucan from P. eryngii might enhance immunity by modulating microbiota. These results are important for the processing and product development of P. eryngii derived polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifa Zhou
- *Correspondence: Yifa Zhou, ; Hairong Cheng,
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24
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Bettano K, Zielstorff M, Sevilla R, Yang R, Zhou H, Rosahl T, Zhang-Hoover J, Moy LY, Zhang W. A bioluminescence reporter mouse model for visualizing and quantifying CD8+ T cells in vivo. Neoplasia 2022; 27:100781. [PMID: 35381456 PMCID: PMC8980487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are the primary effector cells mediating anti-tumor responses. In vivo monitoring of CD8+ T cells has broad implications for the development of novel cancer therapies. Here we describe the development of a genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM) in which CD8+ T cells are labeled with an optical reporter, enabling in vivo, longitudinal monitoring using bioluminescence imaging (BLI). Firefly luciferase (Luc2), human diphtheria toxin receptor (DTR), and enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) cDNAs are engineered under the CD8α promoter to generate a transgenic mouse line. Luciferase mRNA and CD8α mRNA were generally correlated in various tissues from these mice. Sorted splenic CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and CD3- non-T cells verified that the luciferase signal is specific to CD8+ T cells. In vivo imaging showed that luciferase signal was detected in various immune organs, such as lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen, and the detection was confirmed by ex vivo examination. Administration of diphtheria toxin markedly reduced luciferase signal systemically, confirming the function of the DTR. In the MC38 mouse syngeneic model, we observed significant increases in CD8+ T cells with mDX400 treatment, an anti PD-1 mouse monoclonal antibody that correlated with tumor growth inhibition. This novel reporter GEMM is a valuable drug discovery tool for profiling compounds and understanding mechanisms of action in immunotherapy of cancer.
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25
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Anti-Gr-1 Antibody Provides Short-Term Depletion of MDSC in Lymphodepleted Mice with Active-Specific Melanoma Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040560. [PMID: 35455309 PMCID: PMC9032646 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphodepletion, reconstitution and active-specific tumor cell vaccination (LRAST) enhances the induction of tumor-specific T cells in a murine melanoma model. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) may counteract the induction of tumor-reactive T cells and their therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate a possible benefit of MDSC depletion using anti-Gr-1 antibodies (Ab) in combination with LRAST. Female C57BL/6 mice with 3 days established subcutaneous (s.c.) D5 melanoma were lymphodepleted with cyclophosphamide and reconstituted with naive splenocytes. Vaccination was performed with irradiated syngeneic mGM-CSF-secreting D5G6 melanoma cells. MDSC depletion was performed using anti-Gr-1 Ab (clone RB6-8C5). Induction of tumor-specific T cells derived from tumor vaccine draining lymph nodes (TVDLN) was evaluated by the amount of tumor-specific interferon (IFN)-γ release. LRAST combined with anti-Gr-1 mAb administration enhanced the induction of tumor-specific T cells in TVDLN capable of releasing IFN-γ in a tumor-specific manner. Additional anti-Gr-1 mAb administration in LRAST-treated mice delayed growth of D5 melanomas by two weeks. Furthermore, we elucidate the impact of anti-Gr-1-depleting antibodies on the memory T cell compartment. Our data indicate that standard of care treatment regimens against cancer can be improved by implementing agents, e.g., depleting antibodies, which target and eliminate MDSC.
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26
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Mei X, Li H, Zhou X, Cheng M, Cui K. The Emerging Role of Tissue-Resident Memory CD8 + T Lymphocytes in Human Digestive Tract Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 11:819505. [PMID: 35096624 PMCID: PMC8795735 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.819505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant digestive tract tumors are a great threat to human public health. In addition to surgery, immunotherapy brings hope for the treatment of these tumors. Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T (Trm) cells are a focus of tumor immunology research and treatment due to their powerful cytotoxic effects, ability to directly kill epithelial-derived tumor cells, and overall impact on maintaining mucosal homeostasis and antitumor function in the digestive tract. They are a group of noncirculating immune cells expressing adhesion and migration molecules such as CD69, CD103, and CD49a that primarily reside on the barrier epithelium of nonlymphoid organs and respond rapidly to both viral and bacterial infection and tumorigenesis. This review highlights new research exploring the role of CD8+ Trm cells in a variety of digestive tract malignant tumors, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma. A summary of CD8+ Trm cell phenotypes and characteristics, tissue distribution, and antitumor functions in different tumor environments is provided, illustrating how these cells may be used in immunotherapies against digestive tract tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Mei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital Affiliated With Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinpeng Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Hefei, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Gerontology Institute of Anhui Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kele Cui
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunotherapy and Nutrition Therapy, Hefei, China.,Cancer Immunotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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27
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Park J, Lee SY, Jeon Y, Kim KM, Lee JK, Ko J, Park EJ, Yoon JS, Kang BE, Ryu D, Lee H, Shin SJ, Go H, Lee CW. The Pellino1-PKCθ signaling axis is an essential target for improving anti-tumor CD8+ T-lymphocyte function. Cancer Immunol Res 2022; 10:327-342. [DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-21-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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28
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Harris KM, Clements MA, Kwilasz AJ, Watkins LR. T cell transgressions: Tales of T cell form and function in diverse disease states. Int Rev Immunol 2022; 41:475-516. [PMID: 34152881 PMCID: PMC8752099 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1921764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Insights into T cell form, function, and dysfunction are rapidly evolving. T cells have remarkably varied effector functions including protecting the host from infection, activating cells of the innate immune system, releasing cytokines and chemokines, and heavily contributing to immunological memory. Under healthy conditions, T cells orchestrate a finely tuned attack on invading pathogens while minimizing damage to the host. The dark side of T cells is that they also exhibit autoreactivity and inflict harm to host cells, creating autoimmunity. The mechanisms of T cell autoreactivity are complex and dynamic. Emerging research is elucidating the mechanisms leading T cells to become autoreactive and how such responses cause or contribute to diverse disease states, both peripherally and within the central nervous system. This review provides foundational information on T cell development, differentiation, and functions. Key T cell subtypes, cytokines that create their effector roles, and sex differences are highlighted. Pathological T cell contributions to diverse peripheral and central disease states, arising from errors in reactivity, are highlighted, with a focus on multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, neuropathic pain, and type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Linda R. Watkins
- Corresponding author: Ph: 720-387-0304, Fax: 303-735-8290, , Address: 2860 Wilderness Place, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301
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29
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Distinct roles but cooperative effect of TLR3/9 agonists and PD-1 blockade in converting the immunotolerant microenvironment of irreversible electroporation-ablated tumors. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:2632-2647. [PMID: 34782757 PMCID: PMC8633376 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00796-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a new cancer ablation technology, but methods to improve IRE-induced therapeutic immunity are only beginning to be investigated. We developed a mouse model bearing large primary (300 mm3) and medium distant (100 mm3) EG7 lymphomas engineered to express ovalbumin (OVA) as a nominal tumor antigen. We established experimental protocols including IRE alone and IRE combined with Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/9 agonists (poly I:C/CpG) (IRE + pIC/CpG), PD-1 blockade (IRE + PD-1 blockade), or both (IRE + Combo) to investigate therapeutic effects on primary and distant EG7 tumors and conversion-promoting effects on the immunotolerant tumor microenvironment (TME). We demonstrated that IRE alone simulated very weak OVA-specific CD8+ T cell responses and did not inhibit primary tumor growth. IRE + pIC/CpG synergistically stimulated more efficient OVA-specific CD8+ T cell responses and primary tumor growth inhibition than IRE + PD-1 blockade. IRE + pIC/CpG played a major role in the modulation of immune cell profiles but a minor role in the downregulation of PD-L1 expression in the TME and vice versa for IRE + PD-1 blockade. IRE + Combo cooperatively induced potent OVA-specific CD8+ T cell immunity and rescued exhausted intratumoral CD8+ T cells, leading to eradication of not only primary tumors but also untreated concomitant distant tumors and lung metastases. IRE + Combo efficiently modulated immune cell profiles, as evidenced by reductions in immunotolerant type-2 (M2) macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor-cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and regulatory T cells and by increases in immunogenic M1 macrophages, CD169+ macrophages, type-1 conventional dendritic cells, and CD8+ T cells, leading to conversion of immunotolerance in not only primary TMEs but also untreated distant TMEs. IRE + Combo also showed effective therapeutic effects in two breast cancer models. Therefore, our results suggest that IRE + Combo is a promising strategy to improve IRE ablation therapy in cancer.
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30
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Lefebvre MN, Surette FA, Anthony SM, Vijay R, Jensen IJ, Pewe LL, Hancox LS, Van Braeckel-Budimir N, van de Wall S, Urban SL, Mix MR, Kurup SP, Badovinac VP, Butler NS, Harty JT. Expeditious recruitment of circulating memory CD8 T cells to the liver facilitates control of malaria. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109956. [PMID: 34731605 PMCID: PMC8628427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating memory CD8 T cell trafficking and protective capacity during liver-stage malaria infection remains undefined. We find that effector memory CD8 T cells (Tem) infiltrate the liver within 6 hours after malarial or bacterial infections and mediate pathogen clearance. Tem recruitment coincides with rapid transcriptional upregulation of inflammatory genes in Plasmodium-infected livers. Recruitment requires CD8 T cell-intrinsic LFA-1 expression and the presence of liver phagocytes. Rapid Tem liver infiltration is distinct from recruitment to other non-lymphoid tissues in that it occurs both in the absence of liver tissue resident memory "sensing-and-alarm" function and ∼42 hours earlier than in lung infection by influenza virus. These data demonstrate relevance for Tem in protection against malaria and provide generalizable mechanistic insights germane to control of liver infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N Lefebvre
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Fionna A Surette
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Scott M Anthony
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Rahul Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lecia L Pewe
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Lisa S Hancox
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | | | - Stephanie van de Wall
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Stina L Urban
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Samarchith P Kurup
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - Noah S Butler
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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31
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Soluble DC-HIL/Gpnmb Modulates T-Lymphocyte Extravasation to Inflamed Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1372-1380.e5. [PMID: 34695414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we discovered antigen-presenting cells to express DC-HIL receptor and to secrete its soluble form (soluble DC-HIL [sDC-HIL]), both of which bind to syndecan-4 on T cells and endothelial cells (ECs), with the former binding attenuating T-cell function and the latter binding promoting angiogenesis. In this study, we examined the effects of sDC-HIL binding to EC on T-cell extravasation using an allergic contact dermatitis model in mice. The hapten oxazolone applied to ear skin in sensitized mice upregulated cutaneous expression of sDC-HIL, which downregulated the allergic reaction by reducing transendothelial migration of T cells but not other immune cells (neutrophils and mast cells). Moreover, intravenously infused sDC-HIL bound to EC in blood vessels of oxazolone-challenged skin in a scattered and patchy pattern, and intravital microscopic analysis revealed that blood-circulating T cells firmly adhere to DC-HIL-treated endothelia. This regulatory property of sDC-HIL requires syndecan-4 expression by both EC and T cells. Our findings indicate that the DC-HIL/syndecan-4 pathway mediates a cross-talk between T cells and ECs, regulating the cutaneous immune response by preventing extravasation of activated T cells into inflamed skin.
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32
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Cancer-associated fibroblast senescence and its relation with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expressions in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Br J Cancer 2021; 126:219-227. [PMID: 34616011 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caveolin-1 (CAV1) in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has pro- or anti-tumourigenic effect depending on the cancer type. However, its effect in intrahepatic carcinoma (ICC) remains unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between CAV1 in CAFs and tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) numbers or PD-L1 levels in ICC patients. METHODS Consecutive ICC patients (n = 158) were enrolled in this study. The levels of CAV1 in CAFs, CD8 + TILs, Foxp3+ TILs and PD-L1 in cancer cells were analysed using immunohistochemistry. Their association with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis were evaluated. The correlation between these factors was evaluated. RESULTS CAV1 upregulation in CAFs was associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001) and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.008). Clinicopathological factors were associated with high CA19-9 levels (P < 0.001), advanced tumour stage (P = 0.046) and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.004). CAV1 level was positively correlated with Foxp3+ TIL numbers (P = 0.01). There were no significant correlations between CAV1 levels and CD8 + TIL numbers (P = 0.80) and PD-L1 levels (P = 0.97). An increased CD8 + TIL number and decreased Foxp3+ TIL number were associated with an increased OS. In multivariate analysis, positive CAV1 expression in CAFs (P = 0.013) and decreased CD8 + TIL numbers (P = 0.021) were independent poor prognostic factors. CONCLUSION Cellular senescence, represented by CAV1 levels, may be a marker of CAFs and a prognostic indicator of ICC through Foxp3+ TIL regulation. CAV1 expression in CAFs can be a therapeutic target for ICC.
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33
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Asperud J, Arous D, Edin NFJ, Malinen E. Spatially fractionated radiotherapy: tumor response modelling including immunomodulation. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 34298527 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac176b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical tumor response model has been developed, encompassing the interplay between immune cells and cancer cells initiated by either partial or full tumor irradiation. The iterative four-compartment model employs the linear-quadratic radiation response theory for four cell types: active and inactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (immune cells, CD8+T cells in particular), viable cancer cells (undamaged and reparable cells) and doomed cells (irreparably damaged cells). The cell compartment interactions are calculated per day, with total tumor volume (TV) as the main quantity of interest. The model was fitted to previously published data on syngeneic xenografts (67NR breast carcinoma and Lewis lung carcinoma; (Markovskyet al2019Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys.103697-708)) subjected to single doses of 10 or 15 Gy by 50% (partial) or 100% (full) TV irradiation. The experimental data included effects from anti-CD8+antibodies and immunosuppressive drugs. Using a new optimization method, promising fits were obtained where the lowest and highest root-mean-squared error values were observed for anti-CD8+treatment and unirradiated control data, respectively, for both cell types. Additionally, predictive capabilities of the model were tested by using the estimated model parameters to predict scenarios for higher doses and different TV irradiation fractions. Here, mean relative deviations in the range of 19%-34% from experimental data were found. However, more validation data is needed to conclude on the model's predictive capabilities. In conclusion, the model was found useful in evaluating the impact from partial and full TV irradiation on the immune response and subsequent tumor growth. The model shows potential to support and guide spatially fractionated radiotherapy in future pre-clinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Asperud
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Delmon Arous
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Physics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Eirik Malinen
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1048 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Physics, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, PO Box 4953 Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
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34
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Fang T, Xiao J, Zhang Y, Hu H, Zhu Y, Cheng Y. Combined with interventional therapy, immunotherapy can create a new outlook for tumor treatment. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:2837-2860. [PMID: 34079746 PMCID: PMC8107298 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in immunotherapy provides hope of a complete cure to cancer patients. However, recent studies have reported that only a limited number of cancer patients with a specific immune status, known as "cold tumor", can benefit from a single immune agent. Although the combination of immune agents with different mechanisms can partially increase the low response rate and improve efficacy, it can also result in more side effects. Therefore, discovering therapies that can improve tumors' response rate to immunotherapy without increasing toxicity for patients is urgently needed. Tumor interventional therapy is promising. It mainly includes transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, ablation, radioactive particle internal irradiation, and photodynamic interventional therapy based on a luminal stent. Interventional therapy can directly kill tumor cells by targeted drug delivery in situ, thus reducing drug dosage and systemic toxicity like cytokine release syndrome. More importantly, interventional therapy can regulate the immune system through numerous mechanisms, making it a suitable choice for immunotherapy to combine with. In this review, we provide a brief description of immunotherapies (and their side effects) on tumors of different immune types and preliminarily elaborate on interventional therapy mechanisms to improve immune efficacy. We also discuss the progress and challenges of the combination of interventional therapy and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonglei Fang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiran Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingsheng Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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35
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Cocktail strategy for 'cold' tumors therapy via active recruitment of CD8+ T cells and enhancing their function. J Control Release 2021; 334:413-426. [PMID: 33964366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In immunotherapy, 'cold' tumors, with low T cells infiltration, hardly benefit from the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). To address this issue, we screened two 'cold' tumor models for mice with high expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3) and designed a cocktail strategy to actively recruit CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment (TME), which reversed 'cold' tumors into 'hot' and remarkably elevated their ICIs-responsiveness. Gal-3, an important driving force of tumorigenesis, inhibits T cell infiltration into tumor tissue that shapes 'cold' tumor phenotype, and promotes tumor metastasis. In this respect, Gal-3 antagonist G3-C12 peptide was chosen and further loaded into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres, with the prepared G3-C12@PLGA playing a dual role of antitumor, namely, killing two birds with one stone. Specifically, G3-C12@PLGA actively recruit T cells into 'cold' tumors by rescuing IFN-γ, and simultaneously inhibit tumor metastasis induced by Gal-3. Moreover, when combined with chemotherapeutic agent (Oxaliplatin) and anti-PD-1 peptide (APP), the immunopotentiating effect of dendritic cells (DCs) was extremely improved, with T-cell depletion dramatically reversed. In vivo experiments showed that such cocktail therapy exerted remarkable antitumor effect on 'cold' breast cancer (BC) and ovarian serous cancer (OSC). These results indicated that our strategy might be promising in treating 'cold' tumors with high expression of Gal-3, which not only enhance cancer treatment outcome, but provide a new platform for the prevention of postoperative tumor recurrence/metastasis.
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36
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Belanger M, Ball AG, Catterton MA, Kinman AW, Anbaei P, Groff BD, Melchor SJ, Lukens JR, Ross AE, Pompano RR. Acute Lymph Node Slices Are a Functional Model System to Study Immunity Ex Vivo. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2021; 4:128-142. [PMID: 33615167 PMCID: PMC7887751 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The lymph node is a highly organized and dynamic structure that is critical for facilitating the intercellular interactions that constitute adaptive immunity. Most ex vivo studies of the lymph node begin by reducing it to a cell suspension, thus losing the spatial organization, or fixing it, thus losing the ability to make repeated measurements. Live murine lymph node tissue slices offer the potential to retain spatial complexity and dynamic accessibility, but their viability, level of immune activation, and retention of antigen-specific functions have not been validated. Here we systematically characterized live murine lymph node slices as a platform to study immunity. Live lymph node slices maintained the expected spatial organization and cell populations while reflecting the 3D spatial complexity of the organ. Slices collected under optimized conditions were comparable to cell suspensions in terms of both 24-h viability and inflammation. Slices responded to T cell receptor cross-linking with increased surface marker expression and cytokine secretion, in some cases more strongly than matched lymphocyte cultures. Furthermore, slices processed protein antigens, and slices from vaccinated animals responded to ex vivo challenge with antigen-specific cytokine secretion. In summary, lymph node slices provide a versatile platform to investigate immune functions in spatially organized tissue, enabling well-defined stimulation, time-course analysis, and parallel read-outs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura
C. Belanger
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Alexander G. Ball
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Megan A. Catterton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Andrew W.L. Kinman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Parastoo Anbaei
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Groff
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Stephanie J. Melchor
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John R. Lukens
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Neuroscience and Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Ashley E. Ross
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220, United States
| | - Rebecca R. Pompano
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Virginia College
of Arts and Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Carter
Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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37
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Deng W, Ma Y, Su Z, Liu Y, Liang P, Huang C, Liu X, Shao J, Zhang Y, Zhang K, Chen J, Li R. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses identify heterogeneity of CD8 + T cell subpopulations and novel therapy targets in melanoma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 20:105-118. [PMID: 33575475 PMCID: PMC7851490 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are crucial to establish antitumor immunity, and their high infiltration associates with favorable prognoses. However, several CD8+ T cell subpopulations in the tumor microenvironment may play different roles in prognosis, progression, and immunotherapy. Here, we analyzed prior published single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) melanoma data to explore the heterogeneity of CD8+ T cell subpopulations and identified 7 major subpopulations. We found that high infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2 would contribute to unfavorable prognoses. In contrast, a large proportion of naive/memory cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell subpopulation 3 would lead to favorable prognoses. Notably, the proportion of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell subpopulation 3 would decrease in later-stage melanoma samples, while that of the exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2 would increase. We also found that high abnormal activities of metabolic pathways existed in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 1. Significantly, immunosuppressive checkpoints PD-1 and CTLA-4 signaling pathways were upregulated in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulations. In addition, a dynamic transcript landscape of immune checkpoints among different subpopulations was also depicted in this study. Moreover, we identified three overexpressed genes (PMEL, TYRP1, and EDNRB) that were significantly correlated to poor prognoses and only expressed in exhausted CD8+ T cell subpopulation 2. Importantly, they showed the highest expression in melanoma samples compared to other tumors. In general, we characterized the CD8+ T cell subpopulations in melanoma and identified that not only genes of immunosuppressive checkpoints but also PMEL, TYRP1, and EDNRB could serve as potential targets for melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Deng
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Shao
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Medical Mycology, Peking University, Beijing 100034, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis of Dermatoses, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
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38
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Ahmad T, Chaudhuri R, Joshi MC, Almatroudi A, Rahmani AH, Ali SM. COVID-19: The Emerging Immunopathological Determinants for Recovery or Death. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:588409. [PMID: 33335518 PMCID: PMC7736111 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.588409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactivation of the host immune system during infection by SARS-CoV-2 is the leading cause of death in COVID-19 patients. It is also evident that patients who develop mild/moderate symptoms and successfully recover display functional and well-regulated immune response. Whereas a delayed initial interferon response is associated with severe disease outcome and can be the tipping point towards immunopathological deterioration, often preceding death in COVID-19 patients. Further, adaptive immune response during COVID-19 is heterogeneous and poorly understood. At the same time, some studies suggest activated T and B cell response in severe and critically ill patients and the presence of SARS-CoV2-specific antibodies. Thus, understanding this problem and the underlying molecular pathways implicated in host immune function/dysfunction is imperative to devise effective therapeutic interventions. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the emerging immunopathological determinants and the mechanism of virus evasion by the host cell immune system. Using the knowledge gained from previous respiratory viruses and the emerging clinical and molecular findings on SARS-CoV-2, we have tried to provide a holistic understanding of the host innate and adaptive immune response that may determine disease outcome. Considering the critical role of the adaptive immune system during the viral clearance, we have presented the molecular insights of the plausible mechanisms involved in impaired T cell function/dysfunction during various stages of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer Ahmad
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Rituparna Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Haryana, India
| | - Mohan C. Joshi
- Multidisciplinary Centre for Advanced Research and Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Mansoor Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Behr FM, Beumer-Chuwonpad A, Kragten NAM, Wesselink TH, Stark R, van Gisbergen KPJM. Circulating memory CD8 + T cells are limited in forming CD103 + tissue-resident memory T cells at mucosal sites after reinfection. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:151-166. [PMID: 32762051 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM ) localize to barrier tissues and mediate local protection against reinvading pathogens. Circulating central memory (TCM ) and effector memory CD8+ T cells (TEM ) also contribute to tissue recall responses, but their potential to form mucosal TRM remains unclear. Here, we employed adoptive transfer and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus reinfection models to specifically assess secondary responses of TCM and TEM at mucosal sites. Donor TCM and TEM exhibited robust systemic recall responses, but only limited accumulation in the small intestine, consistent with reduced expression of tissue-homing and -retention molecules. Murine and human circulating memory T cells also exhibited limited CD103 upregulation following TGF-β stimulation. Upon pathogen clearance, TCM and TEM readily gave rise to secondary TEM . TCM also formed secondary central memory in lymphoid tissues and TRM in internal tissues, for example, the liver. Both TCM and TEM failed to substantially contribute to resident mucosal memory in the small intestine, while activated intestinal TRM , but not liver TRM , efficiently reformed CD103+ TRM . Our findings demonstrate that circulating TCM and TEM are limited in generating mucosal TRM upon reinfection. This may pose important implications on cell therapy and vaccination strategies employing memory CD8+ T cells for protection at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix M Behr
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ammarina Beumer-Chuwonpad
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Natasja A M Kragten
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Regina Stark
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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40
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Matyushenko V, Kotomina T, Kudryavtsev I, Mezhenskaya D, Prokopenko P, Matushkina A, Sivak K, Muzhikyan A, Rudenko L, Isakova-Sivak I. Conserved T-cell epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) delivered by recombinant live attenuated influenza vaccine viruses efficiently induce RSV-specific lung-localized memory T cells and augment influenza-specific resident memory T-cell responses. Antiviral Res 2020; 182:104864. [PMID: 32585323 PMCID: PMC7313889 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause recurrent infection in people because it does not stimulate a long-lived immunological memory. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and efficacious vaccine against RSV that would induce immunological memory without causing immunopathology following natural RSV infection. We have previously generated two recombinant live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) viruses that encode immunodominant T-cell epitopes of RSV M2 protein in the neuraminidase or NS1 genes. These chimeric vaccines afforded protection against influenza and RSV infection in mice, without causing pulmonary eosinophilia or inflammatory RSV disease. The current study assessed the formation of influenza-specific and RSV-specific CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses in the lungs of mice, with special attention to the lung tissue-resident memory T cell subsets (TRM). The RSV epitopes did not affect influenza-specific CD4 effector memory T cell (Tem) levels in the lungs. The majority of these cells formed by LAIV or LAIV-RSV viruses had CD69+CD103- phenotype. Both LAIV+NA/RSV and LAIV+NS/RSV recombinant viruses induced significant levels of RSV M282 epitope-specific lung-localized CD8 Tem cells expressing both CD69 and CD103 TRM markers. Surprisingly, the CD69+CD103+ influenza-specific CD8 Tem responses were augmented by the addition of RSV epitopes, possibly as a result of the local microenvironment formed by the RSV-specific memory T cells differentiating to TRM in the lungs of mice immunized with LAIV-RSV chimeric viruses. This study provides evidence that LAIV vector-based vaccination can induce robust lung-localized T-cell immunity to the inserted T-cell epitope of a foreign pathogen, without altering the immunogenicity of the viral vector itself. Two LAIV-RSV vaccine viruses induced RSV M282-specific effector memory CD8 T cells producing both IFNγ and TNFα cytokines. The inserted RSV epitopes did not affect influenza-specific CD4 Tem levels in the lungs of immunized mice. LAIV-RSV viruses induced RSV M282-specific lung-localized CD8 Tem cells expressing both CD69 and CD103 TRM markers. The magnitude of RSV M282-specific CD8 Tem responses correlates with protection against RSV-induced lung pathology. The addition of RSV epitopes into the LAIV strain augmented CD69+CD103+ influenza-specific CD8 Tem responses in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor Kudryavtsev
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Polina Prokopenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Matushkina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Konstantin Sivak
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Arman Muzhikyan
- Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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41
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Repopulation of T, B, and NK cells following alemtuzumab treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:189. [PMID: 32539719 PMCID: PMC7296935 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize long-term repopulation of peripheral immune cells following alemtuzumab-induced lymphopenia in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), with a focus on regulatory cell types, and to explore associations with clinical outcome measures. METHODS The project was designed as a multicenter add-on longitudinal mechanistic study for RRMS patients enrolled in CARE-MS II, CARE-MS II extension at the University of Southern California and Stanford University, and an investigator-initiated study conducted at the Universities of British Columbia and Chicago. Methods involved collection of blood at baseline, prior to alemtuzumab administration, and at months 5, 11, 17, 23, 36, and 48 post-treatment. T cell, B cell, and natural killer (NK) cell subsets, chemokine receptor expression in T cells, in vitro cytokine secretion patterns, and regulatory T cell (Treg) function were assessed. Clinical outcomes, including expanded disability status score (EDSS), relapses, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures, and incidents of secondary autoimmunity were tracked. RESULTS Variable shifts in lymphocyte populations occurred over time in favor of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and NK cells with surface phenotypes characteristic of regulatory subsets, accompanied by reduced ratios of effector to regulatory cell types. Evidence of increased Treg competence was observed after each treatment course. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that express CXCR3 and CCR5 and CD8+ T cells that express CDR3 and CCR4 were also enriched after treatment, indicating heightened trafficking potential in activated T cells. Patterns of repopulation were not associated with measures of clinical efficacy or secondary autoimmunity, but exploratory analyses using a random generalized estimating equation (GEE) Poisson model provide preliminary evidence of associations between pro-inflammatory cell types and increased risk for gadolinium (Gd+) enhancing lesions, while regulatory subsets were associated with reduced risk. In addition, the risk for T2 lesions correlated with increases in CD3+CD8+CXCR3+ cells. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocyte repopulation after alemtuzumab treatment favors regulatory subsets in the T cell, B cell, and NK cell compartments. Clinical efficacy may reflect the sum of interactions among them, leading to control of potentially pathogenic effector cell types. Several immune measures were identified as possible biomarkers of lesion activity. Future studies are necessary to more precisely define regulatory and effector subsets and their contributions to clinical efficacy and risk for secondary autoimmunity in alemtuzumab-treated patients, and to reveal new insights into mechanisms of immunopathogenesis in MS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Parent trials for this study are registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: CARE-MS II: NCT00548405, CARE-MS II extension: NCT00930553 and ISS: NCT01307332.
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42
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Ruiz-Manzano RA, Palacios-Arreola MI, Hernández-Cervantes R, Del Río-Araiza VH, Nava-Castro KE, Ostoa-Saloma P, Muñoz-Cruz S, Morales-Montor J. Potential Novel Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: Toxocara canis Infection Increases Tumor Size Due to Modulation of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:736. [PMID: 32547942 PMCID: PMC7272683 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, breast cancer is the most important type of cancer in women with regard to incidence and prevalence. Several risk factors interact to increase the probability of breast cancer development. Biological environmental contaminants such as infectious agents play a significant role in tumor development, and helminths have been recognized as cancer enhancers or inducers due to their ability to regulate the host immune response. Toxocara canis is a zoonotic and cosmopolite nematode with immuno-regulatory abilities. T. canis infection has been related to T helper type-2 cell (Th2 or type 2) and regulatory responses. Type 2 and regulatory immune responses may favor the development of comorbidities that are usually controlled or eliminated through a type 1 response such as cancer. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. canis infection alters mammary tumor growth through modulation of the immune response. Infected mice developed larger tumors. Tumor immune cell milieu analysis revealed that infection reduced the proportions of CD8+ lymphocytes and increased the proportions of F4/80+ macrophages and CD19+ B cells. These changes were accompanied by a type 2 local response represented by increased amounts of IL-4 and VEGF and a regulatory microenvironment associated with higher IL-10 levels. Thus, this study demonstrates that T. canis infection enhances tumor development and suggests that this is through modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Alejandra Ruiz-Manzano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Margarita Isabel Palacios-Arreola
- Departamento de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rosalía Hernández-Cervantes
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Del Río-Araiza
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Biología Molecular de Parásitos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Departamento de Parasitología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Karen Elizabeth Nava-Castro
- Departamento de Genotoxicología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Samira Muñoz-Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Infecciosas y Parasitarias, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jorge Morales-Montor
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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43
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Asahi Y, Hatanaka KC, Hatanaka Y, Kamiyama T, Orimo T, Shimada S, Nagatsu A, Sakamoto Y, Kamachi H, Kobayashi N, Fukai M, Taketomi A. Prognostic impact of CD8+ T cell distribution and its association with the HLA class I expression in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Surg Today 2020; 50:931-940. [PMID: 32040618 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-01967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A lack of effective systemic therapy is one reason for the poor prognosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Newly developed immune checkpoint inhibitors function by minimizing CD8+ T cell suppression to improve tumor-specific responses. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of CD8+ T cells in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS Clinicopathological data, including the overall survival, of 69 cases of postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were prospectively investigated. We then immunohistochemically stained for CD8, Foxp3, CD163, PD-L1, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and counted the number of CD8+ T cells, Foxp3+ T cells, and CD163+ macrophages in different areas (outer border, interborder, and intratumor). RESULTS A significant difference was found in the 5-year overall survival between the CD8+ T cell high group (45.5%) and low group (24.7%) in the outer border area (p = 0.0103). Furthermore, the number of CD8+ T cells and the high expression of HLA class I were positively correlated (p = 0.0341). CONCLUSION The number of CD8+ T cells in the outer border area of the tumor correlated with the HLA class I expression of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and may therefore be a prognostic factor for patients with postoperative intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoh Asahi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Clinical Biobank, Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Toshiya Kamiyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Orimo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shingo Shimada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akihisa Nagatsu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kamachi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Moto Fukai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Akinobu Taketomi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery I, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-ku, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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44
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Sulaieva O, Selezniov O, Shapochka D, Belemets N, Nechay O, Chereshneva Y, Tsomartova D, Ivanova M. Hashimoto's thyroiditis attenuates progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma: deciphering immunological links. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03077. [PMID: 31938743 PMCID: PMC6953714 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although some studies have investigated the clinicopathologic relationships between papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), there is still no clear understanding of differences in tumor immune microenvironment for PTC with coexisting HT and HT effect on PTC progression. The aim of this study was to clarify immune-mediated mechanisms of coexisting HT, which might influence PTC progression. 30 patients with histologically confirmed conventional-type PTC and 30 patients with PTC and coexisting HT were enrolled in the study. To analyze the role of immune-mediated links between PTC and HT, immunohistochemical investigation was conducted to count the number of different immune cells including T-cytotoxic cells (CD8), plasma cells (CD138), Treg cells (FOXP3), mast cells (MCT), and M2 macrophages (CD163). It was shown that despite the high number of immune cells in the intact thyroid tissues of PTC patients with coexisting HT there were no significant differences in M2 macrophages, mast cells and Treg counts inside PTC with or without HT. PTC with HT was associated with a higher number of CD8+ cells (P < 0.001) reflecting the ability of immune system to generate and recruit T-cytotoxic cells in tumor area, which can explain the protective effect of HT on PTC progression. Lymph node metastases development was associated with an increased number of mast cells, M2 macrophages and Treg along with a decreased plasma cells count regardless of coexisting HT. However, we did not find significant differences in T-cytotoxic cells quantity in node-positive and node-negative patients with or without HT, which encourages further investigation of immune escape mechanisms in PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nataliia Belemets
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Nechay
- Ukrainian Research and Practical Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Yelizaveta Chereshneva
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dibakhan Tsomartova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina Ivanova
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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45
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Toor SM, Murshed K, Al-Dhaheri M, Khawar M, Abu Nada M, Elkord E. Immune Checkpoints in Circulating and Tumor-Infiltrating CD4 + T Cell Subsets in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2936. [PMID: 31921188 PMCID: PMC6928042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) is a promising therapeutic approach; however, it has shown limited success in some cancers including colorectal cancer (CRC). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is largely responsible for response to therapy, and its constituents may provide robust biomarkers for successful immunotherapeutic approaches. In this study, we performed phenotypical characterization and critical analyses of key inhibitory ICs and T regulatory cell (Treg)-related markers on CD4+ T cell subsets in CRC patients, and compared with normal colon tissues and peripheral blood from the same patients. We also investigated correlations between the levels of different CD4+ T cell subsets and the clinicopathologic features including disease stage and tumor budding. We found a significant increase in the levels of CD4+FoxP3+Helios+ T cells, which represent potentially highly immunosuppressive Tregs, in the CRC TME. Additionally, tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells upregulated programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (TIM-3) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3). We also characterized the expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, and LAG-3 on different CD4+FoxP3−/+Helios−/+ T cell subsets. Interestingly, we found that CTLA-4, TIM-3, and LAG-3 were mainly co-expressed on FoxP3+Helios+ Tregs in the TME. Additionally, FoxP3high Tregs expressed higher levels of Helios, CTLA-4 and TIM-3 than FoxP3low T cells. These results highlight the significance of Tregs in the CRC TME and suggest that Tregs may hamper response to IC blockade in CRC patients, but effects of different IC inhibition regimes on Treg levels or activity warrants further investigations. We also found that CD4+CTLA-4+ T cells in circulation are increased in patients with advanced disease stage. This study simultaneously provides important insights into the differential levels of CD4+ T cell subpopulations and IC expression in CRC TME, compared to periphery and associations with clinicopathologic features, which could be used as potential biomarkers for CRC progression and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman M Toor
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar
| | - Khaled Murshed
- Department of Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Mahwish Khawar
- Department of Surgery, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Eyad Elkord
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
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46
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Zacharias ZR, Legge KL. Chronic Ethanol Consumption Reduces Existing CD8 T Cell Memory and Is Associated with Lesions in Protection against Secondary Influenza A Virus Infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:3313-3324. [PMID: 31712384 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with an increased incidence of disease severity during pulmonary infections. Our previous work in a mouse model of chronic alcohol consumption has detailed that the primary influenza A virus (IAV)-specific CD8 T cell response in mice that consumed ethanol (EtOH) had a reduced proliferative capacity as well as the ability to kill IAV target cells. Interestingly, recent studies have highlighted that human alcoholics have an increased susceptibility to IAV infections, even though they likely possess pre-existing immunity to IAV. However, the effects of chronic alcohol consumption on pre-existing immune responses (i.e., memory) to IAV have not been explored. Our results presented in this study show that IAV-immune mice that then chronically consumed alcohol (X31→EtOH) exhibited increased morbidity and mortality following IAV re-exposure compared with IAV-immune mice that had consumed water (X31→H2O). This increased susceptibility in X31→EtOH mice was associated with reduced IAV-specific killing of target cells and a reduction in the number of IAV-specific CD8 T cells within the lungs. Furthermore, upon IAV challenge, recruitment of the remaining memory IAV-specific CD8 T cells into the lungs is reduced in X31→EtOH mice. This altered recruitment is associated with a reduced pulmonary expression of CXCL10 and CXCL11, which are chemokines that are important for T cell recruitment to the lungs. Overall, these results demonstrate that chronic alcohol consumption negatively affects the resting memory CD8 T cell response and reduces the ability of memory T cells to be recruited to the site of infection upon subsequent exposures, therein contributing to an enhanced susceptibility to IAV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeb R Zacharias
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and
| | - Kevin L Legge
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; .,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242; and.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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47
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Lefebvre MN, Harty JT. You Shall Not Pass: Memory CD8 T Cells in Liver-Stage Malaria. Trends Parasitol 2019; 36:147-157. [PMID: 31843536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Each year over 200 million malaria infections occur, with over 400 000 associated deaths. Vaccines formed with attenuated whole parasites can induce protective memory CD8 T cell responses against liver-stage malaria; however, widespread administration of such vaccines is logistically challenging. Recent scientific findings are delineating how protective memory CD8 T cell populations are primed and maintained and how such cells mediate immunity to liver-stage malaria. Memory CD8 T cell anatomic localization and expression of transcription factors, homing receptors, and signaling molecules appear to play integral roles in protective immunity to liver-stage malaria. Further investigation of how such factors contribute to optimal protective memory CD8 T cell generation and maintenance in humans will inform efforts for improved vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell N Lefebvre
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John T Harty
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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48
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Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2019; 18:197-218. [PMID: 30610226 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-018-0007-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1869] [Impact Index Per Article: 373.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapies are the most rapidly growing drug class and have a major impact in oncology and on human health. It is increasingly clear that the effectiveness of immunomodulatory strategies depends on the presence of a baseline immune response and on unleashing of pre-existing immunity. Therefore, a general consensus emerged on the central part played by effector T cells in the antitumour responses. Recent technological, analytical and mechanistic advances in immunology have enabled the identification of patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy. In this Review, we focus on defining hot, altered and cold tumours, the complexity of the tumour microenvironment, the Immunoscore and immune contexture of tumours, and we describe approaches to treat such tumours with combination immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors. In the upcoming era of combination immunotherapy, it is becoming critical to understand the mechanisms responsible for hot, altered or cold immune tumours in order to boost a weak antitumour immunity. The impact of combination therapy on the immune response to convert an immune cold into a hot tumour will be discussed.
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49
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Impact of epitope density on CD8+ T cell development and function. Mol Immunol 2019; 113:120-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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50
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Nicosia M, Miyairi S, Beavers A, Farr GW, McGuirk PR, Pelletier MF, Valujskikh A. Aquaporin 4 inhibition alters chemokine receptor expression and T cell trafficking. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7417. [PMID: 31092872 PMCID: PMC6520372 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43884-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are water channels that mediate a variety of biological processes. However, their role in the immune system is poorly understood. We recently reported that AQP4 is expressed by naïve and memory T cells and that AQP4 blockade with a small molecule inhibitor prolongs murine heart allograft survival at least partially through diminishing T cell activation, proliferation and trafficking. The goal of this study was to determine how AQP4 function impacts T cells in the absence of antigen stimulation. AQP4 inhibition transiently reduced the number of circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in naïve non-transplanted mice in the absence of systemic T cell depletion. Adoptive transfer studies demonstrated T cell intrinsic effect of AQP4 inhibition. AQP4 blockade altered T cell gene and protein expression of chemokine receptors S1PR1 and CCR7, and their master regulator KLF-2, and reduced chemotaxis toward S1P and CCL21. Consistent with the in vitro data, in vivo AQP4 inhibition reduced T lymphocyte numbers in the lymph nodes with simultaneous accumulation in the liver. Our findings indicate that blocking AQP4 reversibly alters T lymphocyte trafficking pattern. This information can be explored for the treatment of undesirable immune responses in transplant recipients or in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nicosia
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Satoshi Miyairi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Ashley Beavers
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anna Valujskikh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA.
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