1
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Zhang H, Chen L, Li J, Sun J, Zhao Q, Wang S, Li G. STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 affects DRP1 (dynamin-related protein 1) controlled-mitochondrial fission during the development of apoptotic-resistance in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells. Genes Genomics 2024; 46:751-762. [PMID: 38733520 PMCID: PMC11208226 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apoptosis-resistant pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs) are known to be major players in the pulmonary remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and exhibit an abnormal metabolic profile with mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrial fission has been shown to regulate the apoptosis of several cell types, but this is largely unexplored in the PAECs. OBJECTIVE The roles of mitochondrial fission control by Dynamin related protein-1 (DRP1) in the development of PAECs apoptosis suppression were investigated in present study and the potential mechanisms behind this were furtherly explored. METHODS The mitochondrial morphology was investigated in PAECs from PAH rats with the pulmonary plexiform lesions, and the relations of it with DRP1 expression and apoptosis were furtherly identified in apoptosis-resistant PAECs induced by hypoxia. PAECs were isolated from rats with severe PAH and from normal subjects, the apoptotic-resistant PAECs were induced by hypoxia. DRP1 gene knockdown was achieved via DRP1-siRNA, DRP1 and STAT3 phosphorylation were blocked using its inhibitors, respectively. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, and mitochondrial morphology was investigated by transmission electron microscope and confocal microscopy. RESULTS The PAECs isolated from PAH rats with the pulmonary plexiform-like lesions and displayed lower apoptotic rate with increased DRP1 expression and mitochondrial fragmentation. In addition, similar observations were achieved in apoptosis-resistant PAECs induced by hypoxia. Targeting DRP1 using siRNA and pharmacologic blockade prevented the mitochondrial fission and subsequent apoptotic resistance in PAECs under hypoxia. Mechanistically, STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 was shown to be activated in both PAH and hypoxia-treated PAECs, leading to the regulation of DRP1 expression. Of importance, targeting STAT3Tyr705 phosphorylation prevented DRP1 disruption on apoptosis in PAECs under hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705 impacted DRP1-controlled mitochondrial fission during the development of apoptosis-resistance in PAECs, suggesting mitochondrial dynamics may represent a therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li Chen
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qixu Zhao
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Beijing, 100029, China.
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2
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Lee J, Han Y, Kim S, Jo H, Wang W, Cho U, Kim SI, Kim B, Song YS. Mitochondrial fission enhances IL-6-induced metastatic potential in ovarian cancer via ERK1/2 activation. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1536-1550. [PMID: 38433313 PMCID: PMC11093201 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecologic cancer mostly diagnosed in an advanced stage with an accumulation of ascites. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine is highly elevated in malignant ascites and plays a pleiotropic role in cancer progression. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that undergo fission and fusion in response to external stimuli and dysregulation in their dynamics has been implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we investigate the effect of IL-6 on mitochondrial dynamics in ovarian cancer cells (OVCs) and its impact on metastatic potential. Treatment with IL-6 on ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV3 and PA-1) led to an elevation in the metastatic potential of OVCs. Interestingly, a positive association was observed between dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1), a regulator of mitochondrial fission, and IL-6R in metastatic ovarian cancer tissues. Additionally, IL-6 treatment on OVCs was linked to the activation of Drp1, with a notable increase in the ratio of the inhibitory form p-Drp1(S637) to the active form p-Drp1(S616), indicating enhanced mitochondrial fission. Moreover, IL-6 treatment triggered the activation of ERK1/2, and inhibiting ERK1/2 mitigated IL-6-induced mitochondrial fission. Suppressing mitochondrial fission through siRNA transfection and a pharmacological inhibitor reduced the IL-6-induced migration and invasion of OVCs. This was further supported by 3D invasion assays using patient-derived spheroids. Altogether, our study suggests the role of mitochondrial fission in the metastatic potential of OVCs induced by IL-6. The inhibition of mitochondrial fission could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress the metastasis of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Soochi Kim
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of AgingStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - HyunA Jo
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Untack Cho
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Se Ik Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Boyun Kim
- Department of SmartBio, College of Life and Health ScienceKyungsung UniversityBusanKorea
| | - Yong Sang Song
- WCU Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Cancer Research Institute, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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3
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Gao X, Cai S, Wang L, Guo Y, Liu L, Weng X, Huang K, Yan W, Qu J. Rhodamine-based fluorescent probe for dynamic STED imaging of mitochondria. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:1595-1604. [PMID: 38495704 PMCID: PMC10942718 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy holds tremendous potential and practical implications in the field of biomedicine. However, the weak anti-bleaching performance remains a major challenge limiting the application of STED fluorescent probes. Meanwhile, the main excitation wavelengths of most reported STED fluorescent probes were below 500 nm or above 600 nm, and few of them were between 500-600 nm. Herein, we developed a new tetraphenyl ethylene-functionalized rhodamine dye (TPERh) for mitochondrial dynamic cristae imaging that was rhodamine-based with an excitation wavelength of 560 nm. The TPERh probe exhibits excellent anti-bleaching properties and low saturating stimulated radiation power in mitochondrial STED super-resolution imaging. Given these outstanding properties, the TPERh probe was used to measure mitochondrial deformation, which has positive implications for the study of mitochondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Songtao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Luwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiaoyu Weng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Junle Qu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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4
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Han X, Huang S, Zhuang Z, Zhang X, Xie M, Lou N, Hua M, Zhuang X, Yu S, Chen S. Phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1 involves in diabetic encephalopathy pathogenesis via regulating synaptic mitochondrial dynamics. Redox Biol 2024; 69:102996. [PMID: 38103341 PMCID: PMC10770635 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a common central nervous system complication of diabetes mellitus without effective therapy currently. Recent studies have highlighted synaptic mitochondrial damages as a possible pathological basis for DE, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our previous work has revealed that phosphatidate phosphatase Lipin1, a critical enzyme involved with phospholipid synthesis, is closely related to the pathogenesis of DE. Here, we demonstrate that Lipin1 is significantly down-regulated in rat hippocampus of DE. Knock-down of Lipin1 within hippocampus of normal rats induces dysregulation of homeostasis in synaptic mitochondrial dynamics with an increase of mitochondrial fission and a decrease of fusion, then causes synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic plasticity deficits as well as cognitive impairments, similar to that observed in response to chronic hyperglycemia exposure. In contrast, an up-regulation of Lipin1 within hippocampus in the DE model ameliorates this cascade of dysfunction. We also find that the effect of Lipin1 that regulating mitochondrial dynamics results from maintaining appropriate phospholipid components in the mitochondrial membrane. In conclusion, alterations in hippocampal Lipin1 contribute to hippocampal synaptic mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficits observed in DE. Targeting Lipin1 might be a potential therapeutic strategy for the clinical treatment of DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Han
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Ziyun Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, 250011, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, Heze Medical College, Heze, 274009, China
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Nengjun Lou
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Mengyu Hua
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Xianghua Zhuang
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
| | - Shuyan Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Shihong Chen
- Depratment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China; Multidisciplinary Innovation Center for Nephrology of the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China.
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5
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Prunier C, Chavrier P, Boissan M. Mechanisms of action of NME metastasis suppressors - a family affair. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2023; 42:1155-1167. [PMID: 37353690 PMCID: PMC10713741 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is regulated by metastasis promoter and suppressor genes. NME1, the prototypic and first described metastasis suppressor gene, encodes a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) involved in nucleotide metabolism; two related family members, NME2 and NME4, are also reported as metastasis suppressors. These proteins physically interact with members of the GTPase dynamin family, which have key functions in membrane fission and fusion reactions necessary for endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics. Evidence supports a model in which NDPKs provide GTP to dynamins to maintain a high local GTP concentration for optimal dynamin function. NME1 and NME2 are cytosolic enzymes that provide GTP to dynamins at the plasma membrane, which drive endocytosis, suggesting that these NMEs are necessary to attenuate signaling by receptors on the cell surface. Disruption of NDPK activity in NME-deficient tumors may thus drive metastasis by prolonging signaling. NME4 is a mitochondrial enzyme that interacts with the dynamin OPA1 at the mitochondria inner membrane to drive inner membrane fusion and maintain a fused mitochondrial network. This function is consistent with the current view that mitochondrial fusion inhibits the metastatic potential of tumor cells whereas mitochondrial fission promotes metastasis progression. The roles of NME family members in dynamin-mediated endocytosis and mitochondrial dynamics and the intimate link between these processes and metastasis provide a new framework to understand the metastasis suppressor functions of NME proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Prunier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Chavrier
- Actin and Membrane Dynamics Laboratory, Institut Curie - Research Center, CNRS UMR144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Boissan
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, CRSA, Paris, France.
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Endocrinienne Et Oncologique, Oncobiologie Cellulaire Et Moléculaire, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Paris, France.
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6
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Karger A, Mansouri S, Leisegang MS, Weigert A, Günther S, Kuenne C, Wittig I, Zukunft S, Klatt S, Aliraj B, Klotz LV, Winter H, Mahavadi P, Fleming I, Ruppert C, Witte B, Alkoudmani I, Gattenlöhner S, Grimminger F, Seeger W, Pullamsetti SS, Savai R. ADPGK-AS1 long noncoding RNA switches macrophage metabolic and phenotypic state to promote lung cancer growth. EMBO J 2023; 42:e111620. [PMID: 37545364 PMCID: PMC10505917 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) influence the transcription of gene networks in many cell types, but their role in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) is still largely unknown. We found that the lncRNA ADPGK-AS1 was substantially upregulated in artificially induced M2-like human macrophages, macrophages exposed to lung cancer cells in vitro, and TAMs from human lung cancer tissue. ADPGK-AS1 is partly located within mitochondria and binds to the mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPL35. Overexpression of ADPGK-AS1 in macrophages upregulates the tricarboxylic acid cycle and promotes mitochondrial fission, suggesting a phenotypic switch toward an M2-like, tumor-promoting cytokine release profile. Macrophage-specific knockdown of ADPGK-AS1 induces a metabolic and phenotypic switch (as judged by cytokine profile and production of reactive oxygen species) to a pro-inflammatory tumor-suppressive M1-like state, inhibiting lung tumor growth in vitro in tumor cell-macrophage cocultures, ex vivo in human tumor precision-cut lung slices, and in vivo in mice. Silencing ADPGK-AS1 in TAMs may thus offer a novel therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Karger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Siavash Mansouri
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Matthias S Leisegang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical FacultyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Stefan Günther
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
| | - Carsten Kuenne
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
| | - Ilka Wittig
- Functional Proteomics, Medical SchoolGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Sven Zukunft
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Stephan Klatt
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Blerina Aliraj
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Laura V Klotz
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the DZLHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoraxklinik at the University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Hauke Winter
- Translational Lung Research Center (TLRC), Member of the DZLHeidelbergGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryThoraxklinik at the University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Poornima Mahavadi
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular MedicineGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Clemens Ruppert
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Biruta Witte
- Department of General and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Ibrahim Alkoudmani
- Department of General and Thoracic SurgeryUniversity Hospital GiessenGiessenGermany
| | | | - Friedrich Grimminger
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Werner Seeger
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Soni Savai Pullamsetti
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung ResearchMember of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Member of the Cardio‐Pulmonary Institute (CPI)Bad NauheimGermany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH)Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI)Goethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineMember of the DZL, Member of CPI, Justus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
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7
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Hunt M, Torres M, Bachar-Wikström E, Wikström JD. Multifaceted roles of mitochondria in wound healing and chronic wound pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1252318. [PMID: 37771375 PMCID: PMC10523588 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1252318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are intracellular organelles that play a critical role in numerous cellular processes including the regulation of metabolism, cellular stress response, and cell fate. Mitochondria themselves are subject to well-orchestrated regulation in order to maintain organelle and cellular homeostasis. Wound healing is a multifactorial process that involves the stringent regulation of several cell types and cellular processes. In the event of dysregulated wound healing, hard-to-heal chronic wounds form and can place a significant burden on healthcare systems. Importantly, treatment options remain limited owing to the multifactorial nature of chronic wound pathogenesis. One area that has received more attention in recent years is the role of mitochondria in wound healing. With regards to this, current literature has demonstrated an important role for mitochondria in several areas of wound healing and chronic wound pathogenesis including metabolism, apoptosis, and redox signalling. Additionally, the influence of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy has also been investigated. However, few studies have utilised patient tissue when studying mitochondria in wound healing, instead using various animal models. In this review we dissect the current knowledge of the role of mitochondria in wound healing and discuss how future research can potentially aid in the progression of wound healing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Hunt
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Torres
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jakob D. Wikström
- Dermatology and Venerology Division, Department of Medicine (Solna), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Colpman P, Dasgupta A, Archer SL. The Role of Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitotic Fission in Regulating the Cell Cycle in Cancer and Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Implications for Dynamin-Related Protein 1 and Mitofusin2 in Hyperproliferative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:1897. [PMID: 37508561 PMCID: PMC10378656 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria, which generate ATP through aerobic respiration, also have important noncanonical functions. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles, that engage in fission (division), fusion (joining) and translocation. They also regulate intracellular calcium homeostasis, serve as oxygen-sensors, regulate inflammation, participate in cellular and organellar quality control and regulate the cell cycle. Mitochondrial fission is mediated by the large GTPase, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) which, when activated, translocates to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) where it interacts with binding proteins (Fis1, MFF, MiD49 and MiD51). At a site demarcated by the endoplasmic reticulum, fission proteins create a macromolecular ring that divides the organelle. The functional consequence of fission is contextual. Physiological fission in healthy, nonproliferating cells mediates organellar quality control, eliminating dysfunctional portions of the mitochondria via mitophagy. Pathological fission in somatic cells generates reactive oxygen species and triggers cell death. In dividing cells, Drp1-mediated mitotic fission is critical to cell cycle progression, ensuring that daughter cells receive equitable distribution of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fusion is regulated by the large GTPases mitofusin-1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), which fuse the OMM, and optic atrophy 1 (OPA-1), which fuses the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondrial fusion mediates complementation, an important mitochondrial quality control mechanism. Fusion also favors oxidative metabolism, intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibits cell proliferation. Mitochondrial lipids, cardiolipin and phosphatidic acid, also regulate fission and fusion, respectively. Here we review the role of mitochondrial dynamics in health and disease and discuss emerging concepts in the field, such as the role of central versus peripheral fission and the potential role of dynamin 2 (DNM2) as a fission mediator. In hyperproliferative diseases, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cancer, Drp1 and its binding partners are upregulated and activated, positing mitochondrial fission as an emerging therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Colpman
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Asish Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephen L Archer
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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9
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Parida PK, Marquez-Palencia M, Ghosh S, Khandelwal N, Kim K, Nair V, Liu XZ, Vu HS, Zacharias LG, Gonzalez-Ericsson PI, Sanders ME, Mobley BC, McDonald JG, Lemoff A, Peng Y, Lewis C, Vale G, Halberg N, Arteaga CL, Hanker AB, DeBerardinis RJ, Malladi S. Limiting mitochondrial plasticity by targeting DRP1 induces metabolic reprogramming and reduces breast cancer brain metastases. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:893-907. [PMID: 37248394 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00563-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Disseminated tumor cells with metabolic flexibility to utilize available nutrients in distal organs persist, but the precise mechanisms that facilitate metabolic adaptations remain unclear. Here we show fragmented mitochondrial puncta in latent brain metastatic (Lat) cells enable fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to sustain cellular bioenergetics and maintain redox homeostasis. Depleting the enriched dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) and limiting mitochondrial plasticity in Lat cells results in increased lipid droplet accumulation, impaired FAO and attenuated metastasis. Likewise, pharmacological inhibition of DRP1 using a small-molecule brain-permeable inhibitor attenuated metastatic burden in preclinical models. In agreement with these findings, increased phospho-DRP1 expression was observed in metachronous brain metastasis compared with patient-matched primary tumors. Overall, our findings reveal the pivotal role of mitochondrial plasticity in supporting the survival of Lat cells and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting cellular plasticity programs in combination with tumor-specific alterations to prevent metastatic recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravat Kumar Parida
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mauricio Marquez-Palencia
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kangsan Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Vidhya Nair
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiao-Zheng Liu
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Hieu S Vu
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lauren G Zacharias
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Melinda E Sanders
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bret C Mobley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeffrey G McDonald
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Lemoff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cheryl Lewis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Gonçalo Vale
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nils Halberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ariella B Hanker
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ralph J DeBerardinis
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Children's Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Srinivas Malladi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Yeon M, Bertolini I, Agarwal E, Ghosh JC, Tang HY, Speicher DW, Keeney F, Sossey-Alaoui K, Pluskota E, Bialkowska K, Plow EF, Languino LR, Skordalakes E, Caino MC, Altieri DC. Parkin ubiquitination of Kindlin-2 enables mitochondria-associated metastasis suppression. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104774. [PMID: 37142218 PMCID: PMC10236456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are signaling organelles implicated in cancer, but the mechanisms are elusive. Here, we show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitination (Ub) ligase altered in Parkinson's disease, forms a complex with the regulator of cell motility, Kindlin-2 (K2), at mitochondria of tumor cells. In turn, Parkin ubiquitinates Lys581 and Lys582 using Lys48 linkages, resulting in proteasomal degradation of K2 and shortened half-life from ∼5 h to ∼1.5 h. Loss of K2 inhibits focal adhesion turnover and β1 integrin activation, impairs membrane lamellipodia size and frequency, and inhibits mitochondrial dynamics, altogether suppressing tumor cell-extracellular matrix interactions, migration, and invasion. Conversely, Parkin does not affect tumor cell proliferation, cell cycle transitions, or apoptosis. Expression of a Parkin Ub-resistant K2 Lys581Ala/Lys582Ala double mutant is sufficient to restore membrane lamellipodia dynamics, correct mitochondrial fusion/fission, and preserve single-cell migration and invasion. In a 3D model of mammary gland developmental morphogenesis, impaired K2 Ub drives multiple oncogenic traits of EMT, increased cell proliferation, reduced apoptosis, and disrupted basal-apical polarity. Therefore, deregulated K2 is a potent oncogene, and its Ub by Parkin enables mitochondria-associated metastasis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Yeon
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David W Speicher
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederick Keeney
- Imaging Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Elzbieta Pluskota
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katarzyna Bialkowska
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emmanuel Skordalakes
- Gene Expression and Regulation Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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11
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Altieri DC. Mitochondria in cancer: clean windmills or stressed tinkerers? Trends Cell Biol 2023; 33:293-299. [PMID: 36055942 PMCID: PMC9938083 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There is now a consensus that mitochondria are important tumor drivers, sophisticated biological machines that can engender a panoply of key disease traits. How this happens, however, is still mostly elusive. The opinion presented here is that what cancer exploits are not the normal mitochondria of oxygenated and nutrient-replete tissues, but the unfit, damaged, and dysfunctional organelles generated by the hostile environment of tumor growth. These 'ghost' mitochondria survive quality control and thwart cell death to relay multiple comprehensive 'danger signals' of metabolic starvation, cellular stress, and reprogrammed gene expression. The result is a new, treacherous cellular phenotype, proliferatively quiescent but highly motile, that enables tumor cell escape from a threatening environment and colonization of distant, more favorable sites (metastasis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario C Altieri
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Rab32 promotes glioblastoma migration and invasion via regulation of ERK/Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:198. [PMID: 36922509 PMCID: PMC10017813 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The highly widespread and infiltrative nature of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) makes complete surgical resection hard, causing high recurrence rate and poor patients' prognosis. However, the mechanism underlying GBM migration and invasion is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of a Ras-related protein Rab32 on GBM and uncovered its underlying molecular and subcellular mechanisms that contributed to GBM aggressiveness. The correlation of Rab32 expression with patient prognosis and tumor grade was investigated by public dataset analysis and clinical specimen validation. The effect of Rab32 on migration and invasion of GBM had been evaluated using wound healing assay, cell invasion assay, as well as protein analysis upon Rab32 manipulations. Mitochondrial dynamics of cells upon Rab32 alterations were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Both the subcutaneous and intracranial xenograft tumor model were utilized to evaluate the effect of Rab32 on GBM in vivo. The expression level of Rab32 is significantly elevated in the GBM, especially in the most malignant mesenchymal subtype, and is positively correlated with tumor pathological grade and poor prognosis. Knockdown of Rab32 attenuated the capability of GBM's migration and invasion. It also suppressed the expression levels of invasion-related proteins (MMP2 and MMP9) as well as mesenchymal transition markers (N-cadherin, vimentin). Interestingly, Rab32 transported Drp1 to mitochondrial from the cytoplasm and modulated mitochondrial fission in an ERK1/2 signaling-dependent manner. Furthermore, silencing of Rab32 in vivo suppressed tumor malignancy via ERK/Drp1 axis. Rab32 regulates ERK1/2/Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission and causes mesenchymal transition, promoting migration and invasion of GBM. It serves as a novel therapeutic target for GBM, especially for the most malignant mesenchymal subtype. Schematic of Rab32 promotes GBM aggressiveness via regulation of ERK/Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Rab32 transports Drp1 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria and recruits ERK1/2 to activate the ser616 site of Drp1, which in turn mediates mitochondrial fission and promotes mesenchymal transition, migration and invasion of GBM.
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13
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Qiu K, Zou W, Fang Z, Wang Y, Bell S, Zhang X, Tian Z, Xu X, Ji B, Li D, Huang T, Diao J. 2D MoS 2 and BN Nanosheets Damage Mitochondria through Membrane Penetration. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4716-4728. [PMID: 36848459 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
With the progression of nanotechnology, a growing number of nanomaterials have been created and incorporated into organisms and ecosystems, which raises significant concern about potential hazards of these materials on human health, wildlife, and the environment. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are one type of nanomaterials with thicknesses ranging from that of a single atom or of several atoms and have been proposed for a variety of biomedical applications such as drug delivery and gene therapy, but the toxicity thereof on subcellular organelles remains to be studied. In this work, we studied the impact of two typical 2D nanomaterials, MoS2 and BN nanosheets, on mitochondria, which are a type of membranous subcellular organelle that provides energy to cells. While 2D nanomaterials at a low dose exhibited a negligible cell mortality rate, significant mitochondrial fragmentation and partially reduced mitochondrial functions occurred; cells initiate mitophagy in response to mitochondrial damages, which cleans damaged mitochondria to avoid damage accumulation. Moreover, the molecular dynamics simulation results revealed that both MoS2 and BN nanosheets can spontaneously penetrate the mitochondrial lipid membrane through the hydrophobic interaction. The membrane penetration induced heterogeneous lipid packing resulting in damages. Our results demonstrate that even at a low dose 2D nanomaterials can physically damage mitochondria by penetrating the membrane, which draws attention to carefully evaluating the cytotoxicity of 2D nanomaterials for the potential biomedical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
| | - Zhou Fang
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Sam Bell
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Xiuqiong Xu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Baohua Ji
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Dechang Li
- Institute of Applied Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, New York 14203, United States
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
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14
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Lee RMQ, Koh TW. Genetic modifiers of synucleinopathies-lessons from experimental models. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 2:kvad001. [PMID: 38596238 PMCID: PMC10913850 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a pleiotropic protein underlying a group of progressive neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Together, these are known as synucleinopathies. Like all neurological diseases, understanding of disease mechanisms is hampered by the lack of access to biopsy tissues, precluding a real-time view of disease progression in the human body. This has driven researchers to devise various experimental models ranging from yeast to flies to human brain organoids, aiming to recapitulate aspects of synucleinopathies. Studies of these models have uncovered numerous genetic modifiers of α-synuclein, most of which are evolutionarily conserved. This review discusses what we have learned about disease mechanisms from these modifiers, and ways in which the study of modifiers have supported ongoing efforts to engineer disease-modifying interventions for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Min Qi Lee
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
| | - Tong-Wey Koh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore, 117604, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Block S3 #05-01, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
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15
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Wang Z, Ren J, Du J, Wang H, Liu J, Wang G. Niclosamide as a Promising Therapeutic Player in Human Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:16116. [PMID: 36555754 PMCID: PMC9782559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Niclosamide is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug for the treatment of parasitic infections. However, over the past few years, increasing evidence has shown that niclosamide could treat diseases beyond parasitic diseases, which include metabolic diseases, immune system diseases, bacterial and viral infections, asthma, arterial constriction, myopia, and cancer. Therefore, we systematically reviewed the pharmacological activities and therapeutic prospects of niclosamide in human disease and cancer and summarized the related molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways, indicating that niclosamide is a promising therapeutic player in various human diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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16
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The chromatin remodeler CHD6 promotes colorectal cancer development by regulating TMEM65-mediated mitochondrial dynamics via EGF and Wnt signaling. Cell Discov 2022; 8:130. [PMID: 36473865 PMCID: PMC9727023 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00478-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein (CHD) family plays critical roles in regulating gene transcription. The family is linked to cancer disease, but the family member's role in tumorigenesis remains largely unknown. Here, we report that CHD6 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). CHD6 knockdown inhibited cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tumorigenesis. Consistently, Villin-specific Chd6 knockout in mice attenuates cancer formation in AOM/DSS model. We found that aberrant EGF signals promoted the stability of CHD6 by diminishing ubiquitin-mediated degradation. EGF signal inhibits GSK3β activity, which in turn prevents phosphodegron formation of CHD6, thereby hindering E3 ligase FBXW7-mediated CHD6 ubiquitination and degradation. CHD6's chromatin remodeler activity engages in binding Wnt signaling transcription factor TCF4 to facilitate the transcriptional expression of TMEM65, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein involved in ATP production and mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, Wnt signaling is also an upstream regulator of CHD6. CHD6 promoter contains TCF4 and β-catenin binding site, and CHD6 can be transcriptionally activated by Wnt ligand to facilitate TMEM65 transcription. Thus CHD6-TMEM65 axis can be regulated by both EGF and Wnt signaling pathways through two different mechanisms. We further illustrate that CHD6-TMEM65 axis is deregulated in cancer and that co-administration of Wnt inhibitor LGK974 and the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab largely restricted the growth of patient-derived xenografts of CRC. Targeting CHD6-TMEM65 axis may be effective for cancer intervention.
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17
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Xiao J, Zhao T, Fang W, Chen Y, Wu H, Li P, Chen X, Yan R, Jiang Y, Li S, Yang H, Wu C, Qin X, Liao X, Cai L, Li T, Liu Y. Caveolin-1 signaling-driven mitochondrial fission and cytoskeleton remodeling promotes breast cancer migration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 152:106307. [PMID: 36162640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly divide and fuse to maintain their proper structure and function. Cancer cells are often accompanied by an imbalance of mitochondrial fusion and fission, cancer progression is greatly affected by this imbalance. Here, we found that high-metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells possess higher caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression compared with low-metastatic breast cancer MCF-7 cells or normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cells. Downregulation of Cav-1 decreases the migratory and invasive abilities of MDA-MB-231 cells. Our results further demonstrated that downregulation of Cav-1 facilitated DRP1 and MFN2 to translocate to mitochondria, increasing the inhibitory phosphorylation level of DRP1 at Ser637 by protein kinase A (PKA), resulting in mitochondria elongation. We also showed that downregulation of Cav-1 significantly reduced the Rac1 activity by affecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which then inhibited F-actin formation. Based on these findings, we proposed that Cav-1 mediated mitochondrial fission-affected intracellular ROS generation and activated Rho GTPases, leading to F-actin-dependent formation of lamellipodia and promotion of breast cancer motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinman Xiao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tian Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Wanli Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiangyan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ran Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Shun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunhui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Liao
- Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Lulu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, and School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, PR China; TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Nano/Micro Biomedical Detection Technology, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
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18
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Ramaiah P, Patra I, Abbas A, Fadhil AA, Abohassan M, Al-Qaim ZH, Hameed NM, Al-Gazally ME, Kemil Almotlaq SS, Mustafa YF, Shiravand Y. Mitofusin-2 in cancer: Friend or foe? Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 730:109395. [PMID: 36176224 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a category of disorders characterized by excessive cell proliferation with the ability to infiltrate or disseminate to other organs of the body. Mitochondrial dysfunction, as one of the most prominent hallmarks of cancer cells, has been related to the onset and development of various cancers. Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) is a major mediator of mitochondrial fusion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria interaction, mitophagy and axonal transport of mitochondria. Available data have shown that MFN2, which its alterations have been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, could affect cancer initiation and progression. In fact, it showed that MFN2 may have a double-edged sword effect on cancer fate. Precisely, it demonstrated that MFN2, as a tumor suppressor, induces cancer cell apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation via Ca2+ and Bax-mediated apoptosis and increases P21 and p27 levels, respectively. It also could suppress cell survival via inhibiting PI3K/Akt, Ras-ERK1/2-cyclin D1 and mTORC2/Akt signaling pathways. On the other hand, MFN2, as an oncogene, could increase cancer invasion via snail-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and in vivo tumorigenesis. While remarkable progress has been achieved in recent decades, further exploration is required to elucidate whether MFN2 could be a friend or it's an enemy. This study aimed to highlight the different functions of MFN2 in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anum Abbas
- Basic Health Unit, Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ali Abdulhussain Fadhil
- College of Medical Technology, Medical Lab Techniques, Al-farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Abohassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Yasser Fakri Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Mosul, Mosul-41001, Iraq
| | - Yavar Shiravand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Inhibition of human peptide deformylase by actinonin sensitizes glioblastoma cells to temozolomide chemotherapy. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113358. [PMID: 36116558 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common intracranial primary tumor of the central nervous system with high malignancy, poor prognosis, and short survival. Studies have shown that mitochondrial energy metabolism plays an important role in GBM chemotherapy resistance, suggesting that interrupting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) may improve GBM treatment. Human peptide deformylase (HsPDF) is a mitochondrial deformylase that removes the formylated methionine from the N-terminus of proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), thereby contributing to correct protein folding and participating in the assembly of the electron respiratory chain complex. In this study, we found that the expression of mtDNA-encoded proteins was significantly downregulated after treatment of GBM cells U87MG and LN229 with the HsPDF inhibitor, actinonin. In combination with temozolomide, a preferred chemotherapeutic medicine for GBM, the OXPHOS level decreased, mitochondrial protein homeostasis was unbalanced, mitochondrial fission increased, and the integrated stress response was activated to promote mitochondrial apoptosis. These findings suggest that HsPDF inhibition is an important strategy for overcoming chemoresistance of GBM cells.
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20
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Qiu K, Zou W, Fang H, Hao M, Mehta K, Tian Z, Guan JL, Zhang K, Huang T, Diao J. Light-activated mitochondrial fission through optogenetic control of mitochondria-lysosome contacts. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4303. [PMID: 35879298 PMCID: PMC9314359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31970-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles whose fragmentation by fission is critical to their functional integrity and cellular homeostasis. Here, we develop a method via optogenetic control of mitochondria–lysosome contacts (MLCs) to induce mitochondrial fission with spatiotemporal accuracy. MLCs can be achieved by blue-light-induced association of mitochondria and lysosomes through various photoactivatable dimerizers. Real-time optogenetic induction of mitochondrial fission is tracked in living cells to measure the fission rate. The optogenetic method partially restores the mitochondrial functions of SLC25A46−/− cells, which display defects in mitochondrial fission and hyperfused mitochondria. The optogenetic MLCs system thus provides a platform for studying mitochondrial fission and treating mitochondrial diseases. Existing methods can lack spatiotemporal accuracy to manipulate dynamic mitochondrial behaviour in live cells. Here the authors report an optogenetic method to control mitochondria-lysosome contacts and induce mitochondrial fission; they use photoactivatable dimerizers including CRY2/CIB and SspB/iLID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqiang Qiu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Weiwei Zou
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Hongbao Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Mingang Hao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhiqi Tian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Taosheng Huang
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
| | - Jiajie Diao
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA.
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21
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Shannon N, Gravelle R, Cunniff B. Mitochondrial trafficking and redox/phosphorylation signaling supporting cell migration phenotypes. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:925755. [PMID: 35936783 PMCID: PMC9355248 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.925755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell signaling cascades is critical in making sure the response is activated spatially and for a desired duration. Cell signaling cascades are spatially and temporally controlled through local protein phosphorylation events which are determined by the activation of specific kinases and/or inactivation of phosphatases to elicit a complete and thorough response. For example, A-kinase-anchoring proteins (AKAPs) contribute to the local regulated activity protein kinase A (PKA). The activity of kinases and phosphatases can also be regulated through redox-dependent cysteine modifications that mediate the activity of these proteins. A primary example of this is the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) phosphatase by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, the local redox environment must play a critical role in the timing and magnitude of these events. Mitochondria are a primary source of ROS and energy (ATP) that contributes to redox-dependent signaling and ATP-dependent phosphorylation events, respectively. The strategic positioning of mitochondria within cells contributes to intracellular gradients of ROS and ATP, which have been shown to correlate with changes to protein redox and phosphorylation status driving downstream cellular processes. In this review, we will discuss the relationship between subcellular mitochondrial positioning and intracellular ROS and ATP gradients that support dynamic oxidation and phosphorylation signaling and resulting cellular effects, specifically associated with cell migration signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Shannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Randi Gravelle
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Brian Cunniff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Redox Biology Program, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
- *Correspondence: Brian Cunniff,
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22
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Evidence of methylphenidate effect on mitochondria, redox homeostasis, and inflammatory aspects: Insights from animal studies. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 116:110518. [PMID: 35092763 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant known for its effectiveness in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), a neuropsychiatric condition that has a high incidence in childhood and affects behavior and cognition. However, the increase in its use among individuals who do not present all the diagnostic criteria for ADHD has become a serious public health problem since the neurological and psychiatric consequences of this unrestricted use are not widely known. In addition, since childhood is a critical period for the maturation of the CNS, the high prescription of MPH for preschool children also raises several concerns. This review brings new perspectives on how MPH (in different doses, routes of administration and ages) affects the CNS, focusing on animal studies that evaluated changes in mitochondrial (bioenergetics), redox balance and apoptosis, as well as inflammatory parameters. MPH alters brain energy homeostasis, increasing glucose consumption and impairing the activity of enzymes in the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, as well as ATP levels and Na+,K+-ATPase activity. MPH induces oxidative stress, increasing the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and altering enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses, which, consequently, is related to damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. Among the harmful effects of MPH, studies also demonstrate its ability to induce inflammation as well as alter the apoptosis pathway. It is important to highlight that age, treatment time, administration route, and dose are factors that can influence MPH effects. However, young animals seem to be more susceptible to damage caused by MPH. It is possible that changes in mitochondrial function and markers of status oxidative, apoptosis and inflammation may be exerting important mechanisms associated with MPH toxicity and, therefore, the unrestricted use of this drug can cause brain damage.
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23
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Wang A, Zhang D, Liu J, Yan H, Zhang P, Yuan H, Ma X. Guanxinning Injection Combined With Ischemic Postconditioning Attenuate Myocardial Ischemic Reperfusion Injury in Chronic Renal Failure Rats by Modulating Mitochondrial Dynamics. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:905254. [PMID: 35711377 PMCID: PMC9196273 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.905254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen, DS) and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Chuanxiong, CX) have been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat myocardial ischemia and renal insufficiency, and their extracts (Guanxinning injection, GXN) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ischemia-reperfusion injury properties. It is well-established that ischemic postconditioning (IPOC) can protect against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). However, little is known on whether GXN combined with IPOC may affect myocardial I/R injury in CRF rats. We sought to observe the effect of GXN combined with IPOC on myocardial I/R injury in CRF rats by quantifying changes in the expression of proteins related to mitochondrial dynamics. Materials and Methods In a survey, 90 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (15 rats per group): CRF group, I/R group, comorbid group (CRF + I/R), IPOC group, IPOC + GXN group and the sham group. Changes in blood myocardial injury markers, urea, and creatinine were analyzed. Heart tissues were harvested for histomorphometry and western blotting when rats were sacrificed. Myocardial infarction area was measured by Evans blue and Triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution staining. The expressions of mitochondrial fission relative proteins (DRP1 and FIS1) and mitochondrial fusion relative proteins (OPA1 and MFN1) were detected by western blotting. Results IPOC could significantly decrease myocardial injury markers and myocardial area of necrosis (AN)/area at risk (AAR) of the comorbid model rats. Further results showed that GXN combined with IPOC could significantly reduce CK-MB levels and myocardial AN/AAR in comorbid model rats compared with the IPOC group. Meanwhile, both IPOC and IPOC + GXN significantly reduced DRP1 levels and increased the MFN1 and OPA1 protein levels in the comorbid model rats. However, compared with the IPOC group, MFN1 and OPA1 protein levels increased significantly in the IPOC + GXN group. Conclusion Extracts of DS and CX combined with IPOC exert a protective effect against myocardial I/R injury in rats with CRF, mediated by increased expression of mitochondrial fusion proteins (MFN1 and OPA1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzhu Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dawu Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dawu Zhang,
| | - Jiangang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
- Jiangang Liu,
| | - Huijing Yan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochang Ma
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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24
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Carmona-Carmona CA, Dalla Pozza E, Ambrosini G, Errico A, Dando I. Divergent Roles of Mitochondria Dynamics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092155. [PMID: 35565283 PMCID: PMC9105422 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most lethal neoplasia due to the lack of early diagnostic markers and effective therapies. The study of metabolic alterations of PDAC is of crucial importance since it would open the way to the discovery of new potential therapies. Mitochondria represent key organelles that regulate energy metabolism, and they remodel their structure by undergoing modifications by fusing with other mitochondria or dividing to generate smaller ones. The alterations of mitochondria arrangement may influence the metabolism of PDAC cells, thus supporting the proliferative needs of cancer. Shedding light on this topic regarding cancer and, more specifically, PDAC may help identify new potential strategies that hit cancer cells at their “core,” i.e., mitochondria. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors; it is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is hardly treatable. These issues are strictly linked to the absence of early diagnostic markers and the low efficacy of treatment approaches. Recently, the study of the metabolic alterations in cancer cells has opened the way to important findings that can be exploited to generate new potential therapies. Within this scenario, mitochondria represent important organelles within which many essential functions are necessary for cell survival, including some key reactions involved in energy metabolism. These organelles remodel their shape by dividing or fusing themselves in response to cellular needs or stimuli. Interestingly, many authors have shown that mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium is altered in many different tumor types. However, up to now, it is not clear whether PDAC cells preferentially take advantage of fusion or fission processes since some studies reported a wide range of different results. This review described the role of both mitochondria arrangement processes, i.e., fusion and fission events, in PDAC, showing that a preference for mitochondria fragmentation could sustain tumor needs. In addition, we also highlight the importance of considering the metabolic arrangement and mitochondria assessment of cancer stem cells, which represent the most aggressive tumor cell type that has been shown to have distinctive metabolic features to that of differentiated tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ilaria Dando
- Correspondence: (C.A.C.-C.); (I.D.); Tel.: +39-045-802-7174 (C.A.C.-C.); +39-045-802-7169 (I.D.)
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25
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Grespi F, Vianello C, Cagnin S, Giacomello M, De Mario A. The Interplay of Microtubules with Mitochondria–ER Contact Sites (MERCs) in Glioblastoma. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040567. [PMID: 35454156 PMCID: PMC9030160 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are heterogeneous neoplasms, classified into grade I to IV according to their malignancy and the presence of specific histological/molecular hallmarks. The higher grade of glioma is known as glioblastoma (GB). Although progress has been made in surgical and radiation treatments, its clinical outcome is still unfavorable. The invasive properties of GB cells and glioma aggressiveness are linked to the reshaping of the cytoskeleton. Recent works suggest that the different susceptibility of GB cells to antitumor immune response is also associated with the extent and function of mitochondria–ER contact sites (MERCs). The presence of MERCs alterations could also explain the mitochondrial defects observed in GB models, including abnormalities of energy metabolism and disruption of apoptotic and calcium signaling. Based on this evidence, the question arises as to whether a MERCs–cytoskeleton crosstalk exists, and whether GB progression is linked to an altered cytoskeleton–MERCs interaction. To address this possibility, in this review we performed a meta-analysis to compare grade I and grade IV GB patients. From this preliminary analysis, we found that GB samples (grade IV) are characterized by altered expression of cytoskeletal and MERCs related genes. Among them, the cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 (CKAP4 or CLIMP-63) appears particularly interesting as it encodes a MERCs protein controlling the ER anchoring to microtubules (MTs). Although further in-depth analyses remain necessary, this perspective review may provide new hints to better understand GB molecular etiopathogenesis, by suggesting that cytoskeletal and MERCs alterations cooperate to exacerbate the cellular phenotype of high-grade GB and that MERCs players can be exploited as novel biomarkers/targets to enhance the current therapy for GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Grespi
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- CIR-Myo Myology Center, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Giacomello
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy; (F.G.); (C.V.); (S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
| | - Agnese De Mario
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35100 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (A.D.M.)
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26
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Yanes B, Rainero E. The Interplay between Cell-Extracellular Matrix Interaction and Mitochondria Dynamics in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1433. [PMID: 35326584 PMCID: PMC8946811 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment, in particular the extracellular matrix (ECM), plays a pivotal role in controlling tumor initiation and progression. In particular, the interaction between cancer cells and the ECM promotes cancer cell growth and invasion, leading to the formation of distant metastasis. Alterations in cancer cell metabolism is a key hallmark of cancer, which is often associated with alterations in mitochondrial dynamics. Recent research highlighted that, changes in mitochondrial dynamics are associated with cancer migration and metastasis-these has been extensively reviewed elsewhere. However, less is known about the interplay between the extracellular matrix and mitochondria functions. In this review, we will highlight how ECM remodeling associated with tumorigenesis contribute to the regulation of mitochondrial function, ultimately promoting cancer cell metabolic plasticity, able to fuel cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Rainero
- School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK;
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27
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Ghosh JC, Perego M, Agarwal E, Bertolini I, Wang Y, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Landis CJ, Languino LR, Plow EF, Morotti A, Ottobrini L, Locatelli M, Speicher DW, Caino MC, Cassel J, Salvino JM, Robert ME, Vaira V, Altieri DC. Ghost mitochondria drive metastasis through adaptive GCN2/Akt therapeutic vulnerability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2115624119. [PMID: 35177476 PMCID: PMC8872753 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115624119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolism, including in mitochondria, is a disease hallmark and therapeutic target, but its regulation is poorly understood. Here, we show that many human tumors have heterogeneous and often reduced levels of Mic60, or Mitofilin, an essential scaffold of mitochondrial structure. Despite a catastrophic collapse of mitochondrial integrity, loss of bioenergetics, and oxidative damage, tumors with Mic60 depletion slow down cell proliferation, evade cell death, and activate a nuclear gene expression program of innate immunity and cytokine/chemokine signaling. In turn, this induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), activates tumor cell movements through exaggerated mitochondrial dynamics, and promotes metastatic dissemination in vivo. In a small-molecule drug screen, compensatory activation of stress response (GCN2) and survival (Akt) signaling maintains the viability of Mic60-low tumors and provides a selective therapeutic vulnerability. These data demonstrate that acutely damaged, "ghost" mitochondria drive tumor progression and expose an actionable therapeutic target in metastasis-prone cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Michela Perego
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Irene Bertolini
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yuan Wang
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Bioinformatics Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Catherine J Landis
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Edward F Plow
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195
| | - Annamaria Morotti
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Luisa Ottobrini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Marco Locatelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Joel Cassel
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Joseph M Salvino
- Molecular Screening and Protein Expression Shared Resource, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Molecular and Cellular Oncogenesis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Marie E Robert
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104;
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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28
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Alavi MV. OMA1 High-Throughput Screen Reveals Protease Activation by Kinase Inhibitors. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2202-2211. [PMID: 34672515 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proteases are interesting but challenging drug targets for multifactorial diseases, such as neurodegeneration and cancer. The mitochondrial inner membrane protease OMA1 is a bona fide drug target for heart failure supported by data from human linkage analysis and animal disease models, but presumably relevant for more indications. OMA1 acts at the intersection of energy metabolism and stress signaling. The protease cleaves the structural protein OPA1, which organizes the cristae, as well as the signaling peptide DELE1, which can stimulate the integrated stress response. OMA1 shows little activity under physiological conditions but hydrolyzes OPA1 in mitochondria destined for mitophagy and during apoptosis. Little is known about OMA1, its structure has not been solved, let alone its context-dependent regulation. Autocatalytic processing and the lack of OMA1 inhibitors are thereby creating the biggest roadblocks. This study introduces a scalable, cellular OMA1 protease assay suitable for high-throughput drug screening. The assay utilizes an engineered luciferase targeted to the inner membrane as artificial OMA1 substrate, whereby the reporter signal inversely correlates to OMA1 activity. Testing different screening protocols and sampling different compound collections validated the reporter and demonstrated that both OMA1 activators as well as OMA1 inhibitors can be identified with the assay. Ten kinase-targeted cancer drugs triggered OMA1 in the assays, which suggests─considering cardiotoxicity as a rather common side-effect of this class of drugs─cross-reactivity with the OMA1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel V. Alavi
- 712 North Inc., QB3 Incubator at UC Berkeley, 130 Stanley Hall, #3220, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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29
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Castillo Ferrer C, Berthenet K, Ichim G. Apoptosis - Fueling the oncogenic fire. FEBS J 2021; 288:4445-4463. [PMID: 33179432 PMCID: PMC8451771 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, the most extensively studied form of programmed cell death, is essential for organismal homeostasis. Apoptotic cell death has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor mechanism. However, recent studies have shown that apoptosis exerts noncanonical functions and may paradoxically promote tumor growth and metastasis. The hijacking of apoptosis by cancer cells may arise at different levels, either via the interaction of apoptotic cells with their local or distant microenvironment, or through the abnormal pro-oncogenic roles of the main apoptosis effectors, namely caspases and mitochondria, particularly upon failed apoptosis. In this review, we highlight some of the recently described mechanisms by which apoptosis and these effectors may promote cancer aggressiveness. We believe that a better understanding of the noncanonical roles of apoptosis may be crucial for developing more efficient cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Castillo Ferrer
- Cancer Target and Experimental TherapeuticsInstitute for Advanced BiosciencesINSERM U1209CNRS UMR5309Grenoble Alpes UniversityFrance
- EPHEPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Kevin Berthenet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL) INSERM 1052CNRS 5286LyonFrance
- Cancer Cell Death Laboratory, part of LabEx DEVweCANUniversité de LyonFrance
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30
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Agarwal E, Goldman AR, Tang HY, Kossenkov AV, Ghosh JC, Languino LR, Vaira V, Speicher DW, Altieri DC. A cancer ubiquitome landscape identifies metabolic reprogramming as target of Parkin tumor suppression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/35/eabg7287. [PMID: 34433563 PMCID: PMC8386929 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg7287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Changes in metabolism that affect mitochondrial and glycolytic networks are hallmarks of cancer, but their impact in disease is still elusive. Using global proteomics and ubiquitome screens, we now show that Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase and key effector of mitophagy altered in Parkinson's disease, shuts off mitochondrial dynamics and inhibits the non-oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway. This blocks tumor cell movements, creates metabolic and oxidative stress, and inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth. Uniformly down-regulated in cancer patients, Parkin tumor suppression requires its E3 ligase function, is reversed by antioxidants, and is independent of mitophagy. These data demonstrate that cancer metabolic networks are potent oncogenes directly targeted by endogenous tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Agarwal
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aaron R Goldman
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - David W Speicher
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
- Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Wang F, Chen X, Cheng H, Song L, Liu J, Caplan S, Zhu L, Wu JY. MICAL2PV suppresses the formation of tunneling nanotubes and modulates mitochondrial trafficking. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52006. [PMID: 34096155 PMCID: PMC8366454 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-rich structures that connect two or more cells and mediate cargo exchange between spatially separated cells. TNTs transport signaling molecules, vesicles, organelles, and even pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating TNT formation remain unclear and little is known about the endogenous mechanisms suppressing TNT formation in lung cancer cells. Here, we report that MICAL2PV, a splicing isoform of the neuronal guidance gene MICAL2, is a novel TNT regulator that suppresses TNT formation and modulates mitochondrial distribution. MICAL2PV interacts with mitochondrial Rho GTPase Miro2 and regulates subcellular mitochondrial trafficking. Moreover, down-regulation of MICAL2PV enhances survival of cells treated with chemotherapeutical drugs. The monooxygenase (MO) domain of MICAL2PV is required for its activity to inhibit TNT formation by depolymerizing F-actin. Our data demonstrate a previously unrecognized function of MICAL2 in TNT formation and mitochondrial trafficking. Furthermore, our study uncovers a role of the MICAL2PV-Miro2 axis in mitochondrial trafficking, providing a mechanistic explanation for MICAL2PV activity in suppressing TNT formation and in modulating mitochondrial subcellular distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Haipeng Cheng
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Lu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jianghong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNEUSA
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive ScienceInstitute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jane Y Wu
- Department of NeurologyCenter for Genetic MedicineLurie Cancer CenterNorthwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoILUSA
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32
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Han X, Duan X, Liu Z, Long Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Li N, Qin J, Wang Y. ZEB1 directly inhibits GPX4 transcription contributing to ROS accumulation in breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 188:329-342. [PMID: 34169392 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior studies have noted that zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) is a master transcription regulator, affecting the expression of nearly 2000 genes in breast cancer cells, especially in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We now tested the role of ZEB1 on the oxidative stress of cancer cells and explored its possible mechanisms. METHODS Two human breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 were selected for the ROS test, PCR, immunofluorescence, Western blot, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase assay, and enzyme assay. Mouse models experiments and bioinformatics analysis were conducted to test the indicated molecules. RESULTS We observed ZEB1 could inhibit GPX4 transcription by binding to the E-box motifs and promote breast cancer progression by accumulating intracellular ROS. From the perspective of ROS clearance, Vitamin E enhanced GPX4 function to consume L-glutathione and eliminated excess intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS ZEB1 could not only regulate EMT, but also inhibit GPX4 transcription by binding to the E-box motif. It was important to note that the ZEB1/GPX4 axis had a therapeutic effect on breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology & College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Xianxian Duan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhanzhao Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yaping Long
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junfang Qin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Hospital of Stomatology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300041, China.
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33
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Garde A, Sherwood DR. Fueling Cell Invasion through Extracellular Matrix. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:445-456. [PMID: 33549396 PMCID: PMC8122022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM) has pivotal roles in cell dispersal during development, immune cell trafficking, and cancer metastasis. Many elegant studies have revealed the specialized cellular protrusions, proteases, and distinct modes of migration invasive cells use to overcome ECM barriers. Less clear, however, is how invasive cells provide energy, specifically ATP, to power the energetically demanding membrane trafficking, F-actin polymerization, and actomyosin machinery that mediate break down, remodeling, and movement through ECMs. Here, we provide an overview of the challenges of examining ATP generation and delivery within invading cells and how recent studies using diverse invasion models, experimental approaches, and energy biosensors are revealing that energy metabolism is an integral component of cell invasive behavior that is dynamically tuned to overcome the ECM environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aastha Garde
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Box 3709, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David R Sherwood
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Regeneration Next, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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34
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Purohit PK, Saini N. Mitochondrial microRNA (MitomiRs) in cancer and complex mitochondrial diseases: current status and future perspectives. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1405-1421. [PMID: 33084945 PMCID: PMC11072739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03670-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are not only important for cellular bioenergetics but also lie at the heart of critical metabolic pathways. They can rapidly adjust themselves in response to changing conditions and the metabolic needs of the cell. Mitochondrial involvement as well as its dysfunction has been found to be associated with variety of pathological processes and diseases. mitomiRs are class of miRNA(s) that regulate mitochondrial gene expression and function. This review sheds light on the role of mitomiRs in regulating different biological processes-mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress, cell metabolism, chemoresistance, apoptosis,and their relevance in metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Insilico analysis of predicted targets of mitomiRs targeting energy metabolism identified several significantly altered pathways (needs in vivo validations) that may provide a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of human diseases. Last part of the review discusses about the clinical aspects of miRNA(s) and mitomiRs in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh Kumar Purohit
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India
| | - Neeru Saini
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201 002, India.
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35
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Chuang CH, Dorsch M, Dujardin P, Silas S, Ueffing K, Hölken JM, Yang D, Winslow MM, Grüner BM. Altered Mitochondria Functionality Defines a Metastatic Cell State in Lung Cancer and Creates an Exploitable Vulnerability. Cancer Res 2021; 81:567-579. [PMID: 33239425 PMCID: PMC8137518 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a prevalent and lethal cancer type that leads to more deaths than the next four major cancer types combined. Metastatic cancer spread is responsible for most cancer-related deaths but the cellular changes that enable cancer cells to leave the primary tumor and establish inoperable and lethal metastases remain poorly understood. To uncover genes that are specifically required to sustain metastasis survival or growth, we performed a genome-scale pooled lentiviral-shRNA library screen in cells that represent nonmetastatic and metastatic states of lung adenocarcinoma. Mitochondrial ribosome and mitochondria-associated genes were identified as top gene sets associated with metastasis-specific lethality. Metastasis-derived cell lines in vitro and metastases analyzed ex vivo from an autochthonous lung cancer mouse model had lower mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial functionality than nonmetastatic primary tumors. Electron microscopy of metastases uncovered irregular mitochondria with bridging and loss of normal membrane structure. Consistent with these findings, compounds that inhibit mitochondrial translation or replication had a greater effect on the growth of metastasis-derived cells. Finally, mice with established tumors developed fewer metastases upon treatment with phenformin in vivo. These results suggest that the metastatic cell state in lung adenocarcinoma is associated with a specifically altered mitochondrial functionality that can be therapeutically exploited. SIGNIFICANCE: This study characterizes altered mitochondria functionality of the metastatic cell state in lung cancer and opens new avenues for metastasis-specific therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Chuang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Madeleine Dorsch
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philip Dujardin
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sukrit Silas
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Kristina Ueffing
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johanna M Hölken
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dian Yang
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Monte M Winslow
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Cancer Biology Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Barbara M Grüner
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen at the University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen, Essen, Germany
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36
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Quantitative determination of mitophagy by fluorescence microscope. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 164:113-118. [PMID: 34225910 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy is an evolutionally conserved cellular process that eliminates dysfunctional and excess mitochondria, thereby facilitating mitochondrial quality control and metabolic recycling. In addition, mitophagy is essential for cellular homeostasis and tissue development, and mitophagic dysfunction is related to various pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Thus, accurate quantitative measurement of mitophagy is one of the hot topics in the field of mitochondrial research. Fluorescence microscopical technology, one of the most widely used technologies at present, can well explain the occurrence and activity of mitophagy. Here, we introduce in detail an experimental method for the immunofluorescence-based quantitativ determination of mitophagy, which not only servers the in-depth study of mitochondrial homeostasis regulation, but also allows for the analyzing mitochondrial autophagy pathologies such as aging, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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37
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Roles of mitochondria in the hallmarks of metastasis. Br J Cancer 2020; 124:124-135. [PMID: 33144695 PMCID: PMC7782743 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-020-01125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial contributions to cancer have been recognised for approximately a century, given that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is dwarfed by the size of the nuclear genome (nDNA), nuclear genetics has represented a focal point in cancer biology, often at the expense of mtDNA and mitochondria. However, genomic sequencing and advances in in vivo models underscore the importance of mtDNA and mitochondria in cancer and metastasis. In this review, we explore the roles of mitochondria in the four defined ‘hallmarks of metastasis’: motility and invasion, microenvironment modulation, plasticity and colonisation. Biochemical processes within the mitochondria of both cancer cells and the stromal cells with which they interact are critical for each metastatic hallmark. We unravel complex dynamics in mitochondrial contributions to cancer, which are context-dependent and capable of either promoting metastasis or being leveraged to prevent it at various points of the metastatic cascade. Ultimately, mitochondrial contributions to cancer and metastasis are rooted in the capacity of these organelles to tune metabolic and genetic responses to dynamic microenvironmental cues.
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38
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Sánchez-Alvarez R, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MFF) Inhibits Mitochondrial Metabolism and Reduces Breast Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) Activity. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1776. [PMID: 33194575 PMCID: PMC7642822 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism represent key features of breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), whose propagation is conducive to disease onset and progression. Therefore, interfering with mitochondria biology and function may be regarded as a useful approach to eradicate CSCs. Here, we used the breast cancer cell line MCF7 as a model system to interrogate how mitochondrial fission contributes to the development of mitochondrial dysfunction toward the inhibition of metabolic flux and stemness. We generated an isogenic MCF7 cell line transduced with Mitochondrial Fission Factor (MCF7-MFF), which is primarily involved in mitochondrial fission. We evaluated the biochemical, molecular and functional properties of MCF7-MFF cells, as compared to control MCF7 cells transduced with the empty vector (MCF7-Control). We observed that MFF over-expression reduces both mitochondrial mass and activity, as evaluated using the mitochondrial probes MitroTracker Red and MitoTracker Orange, respectively. The analysis of metabolic flux using the Seahorse XFe96 revealed the inhibition of OXPHOS and glycolysis in MCF7-MFF cells, suggesting that increased mitochondrial fission may impair the biochemical properties of these organelles. Notably, CSCs activity, assessed by 3D-tumorsphere assays, was reduced in MCF7-MFF cells. A similar trend was observed for the activity of ALDH, a well-established marker of stemness. We conclude that enhanced mitochondrial fission may compromise CSCs propagation, through the impairment of mitochondrial function, possibly leading to a quiescent cell phenotype. Unbiased proteomic analysis revealed that proteins involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress-response, fatty acid metabolism and hypoxia signaling are among the most highly up-regulated in MCF7-MFF cells. Of note, integrated analysis of top regulatory networks obtained from unbiased proteomics in MCF7-MFF cells predicts that this cell phenotype activates signaling systems and effectors involved in the inhibition of cell survival and adhesion, together with the activation of specific breast cancer cell death programs. Overall, our study shows that unbalanced and abnormal activation of mitochondrial fission may drive the impairment of mitochondrial metabolic function, leading to inhibition of CSC propagation, and the activation of quiescence programs. Exploiting the potential of mitochondria to control pivotal events in tumor biology may, therefore, represent a useful tool to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sánchez-Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, and ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Sotgia
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Lisanti
- Translational Medicine, School of Science, Engineering and Environment (SEE), Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Salford, Greater Manchester, United Kingdom
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39
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Chen YF, Chang CH, Hsu MW, Chang HM, Chen YC, Jiang YS, Jan JS. Peptide Fibrillar Assemblies Exhibit Membranolytic Effects and Antimetastatic Activity on Lung Cancer Cells. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3836-3846. [PMID: 32790281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a central oncology concern that worsens patient conditions and increases mortality in a short period of time. During metastatic events, mitochondria undergo specific physiological alterations that have emerged as notable therapeutic targets to counter cancer progression. In this study, we use drug-free, cationic peptide fibrillar assemblies (PFAs) formed by poly(L-Lysine)-block-poly(L-Threonine) (Lys-b-Thr) to target mitochondria. These PFAs interact with cellular and mitochondrial membranes via electrostatic interactions, resulting in membranolysis. Charge repulsion and hydrogen-bonding interactions exerted by Lys and Thr segments dictate the packing of the peptides and enable the PFAs to display enhanced membranolytic activity toward cancer cells. Cytochrome c (cyt c), endonuclease G, and apoptosis-inducing factor were released from mitochondria after treatment of lung cancer cells, subsequently inducing caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptotic pathways. A metastatic xenograft mouse model was used to show how the PFAs significantly suppressed lung metastasis and inhibited tumor growth, while avoiding significant body weight loss and mortality. Antimetastatic activities of PFAs are also demonstrated by in vitro inhibition of lung cancer cell migration and clonogenesis. Our results imply that the cationic PFAs achieved the intended and targeted mitochondrial damage, providing an efficient antimetastatic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Fon Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Ho-Min Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shiung Jan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 70101 Taiwan
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40
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Bertolini I, Ghosh JC, Kossenkov AV, Mulugu S, Krishn SR, Vaira V, Qin J, Plow EF, Languino LR, Altieri DC. Small Extracellular Vesicle Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics Reprograms a Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment. Dev Cell 2020; 55:163-177.e6. [PMID: 32780991 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The crosstalk between tumor cells and the adjacent normal epithelium contributes to cancer progression, but its regulators have remained elusive. Here, we show that breast cancer cells maintained in hypoxia release small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) that activate mitochondrial dynamics, stimulate mitochondrial movements, and promote organelle accumulation at the cortical cytoskeleton in normal mammary epithelial cells. This results in AKT serine/threonine kinase (Akt) activation, membrane focal adhesion turnover, and increased epithelial cell migration. RNA sequencing profiling identified integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as the most upregulated pathway in sEV-treated epithelial cells, and genetic or pharmacologic targeting of ILK reversed mitochondrial reprogramming and suppressed sEV-induced cell movements. In a three-dimensional (3D) model of mammary gland morphogenesis, sEV treatment induced hallmarks of malignant transformation, with deregulated cell death and/or cell proliferation, loss of apical-basal polarity, and appearance of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Therefore, sEVs released by hypoxic breast cancer cells reprogram mitochondrial dynamics and induce oncogenic changes in a normal mammary epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Bertolini
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jagadish C Ghosh
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Andrew V Kossenkov
- Center for Systems and Computational Biology, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sudheer Mulugu
- Electron Microscopy Resource Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shiv Ram Krishn
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Valentina Vaira
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Lucia R Languino
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Dario C Altieri
- Prostate Cancer Discovery and Development Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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41
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Purushottam Dharaskar S, Paithankar K, Kanugovi Vijayavittal A, Shabbir Kara H, Amere Subbarao S. Mitochondrial chaperone, TRAP1 modulates mitochondrial dynamics and promotes tumor metastasis. Mitochondrion 2020; 54:92-101. [PMID: 32784002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in regulating cellular energy metabolism. However, the present understanding of mitochondria has changed from its unipotent functions to pluripotent and insists on understanding the role of mitochondria not only in regulating the life and death of cells, but in pathological conditions such as cancer. Unlike other cellular organelles, subtle alterations in mitochondrial organization may significantly influence the balance between metabolic networks and cellular behavior. Therefore, the delicate balance between the fusion and fission dynamics of mitochondrion can indicate cell fate. Here, we present mitochondrial chaperone TRAP1 influence on mitochondrial architecture and its correlation with tumor growth and metastasis. We show that TRAP1 overexpression (TRAP1 OE) promotes mitochondrial fission, whereas, TRAP1 knockdown (TRAP1 KD) promotes mitochondrial fusion. Interestingly, TRAP1 OE or KD had a negligible effect on mitochondrial integrity. However, TRAP1 OE cells exhibited enhanced proliferative potential, while TRAP1 KD cells showing increased doubling time. Further, TRAP1 dependent mitochondrial dynamic alterations appeared to be unique since mitochondrial localization of TRAP1 is a mandate for dynamic changes. The expression patterns of fusion and fission genes have failed to correlate with TRAP1 expression, indicating a possibility that the dynamic changes can be independent of these genes. In agreement with enhanced proliferative potential, TRAP1 OE cells also exhibited enhanced migration in vitro and tumor metastasis in vivo. Further, TRAP1 OE cells showed altered homing properties, which may challenge site-specific anticancer treatments. Our findings unravel the TRAP1 role in tumor metastasis, which is in addition to altered energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Purushottam Dharaskar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India; AcSIR - Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Government of India, India
| | - Khanderao Paithankar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | | | - Hatim Shabbir Kara
- Presently at Life Sciences & Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbh, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sreedhar Amere Subbarao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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The balancing act of NEET proteins: Iron, ROS, calcium and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118805. [PMID: 32745723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEET proteins belong to a highly conserved group of [2Fe-2S] proteins found across all kingdoms of life. Due to their unique [2Fe2S] cluster structure, they play a key role in the regulation of many different redox and oxidation processes. In eukaryotes, NEET proteins are localized to the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondrial-associated membranes connecting these organelles (MAM), and are involved in the control of multiple processes, ranging from autophagy and apoptosis to ferroptosis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, redox control and iron and iron‑sulfur homeostasis. Through their different functions and interactions with key proteins such as VDAC and Bcl-2, NEET proteins coordinate different mitochondrial, MAM, ER and cytosolic processes and functions and regulate major signaling molecules such as calcium and reactive oxygen species. Owing to their central role in cells, NEET proteins are associated with numerous human maladies including cancer, metabolic diseases, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a new and exciting role for NEET proteins was uncovered, i.e., the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and morphology. This new role places NEET proteins at the forefront of studies into cancer and different metabolic diseases, both associated with the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Here we review recent studies focused on the evolution, biological role, and structure of NEET proteins, as well as discuss different studies conducted on NEET proteins function using transgenic organisms. We further discuss the different strategies used in the development of drugs that target NEET proteins, and link these with the different roles of NEET proteins in cells.
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43
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The essential functions of mitochondrial dynamics in immune cells. Cell Mol Immunol 2020; 17:712-721. [PMID: 32523116 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly mobile organelles due to fission, fusion, transport, and mitophagy, and these processes are known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial dynamics play an important role in energy production, cell division, cell differentiation, and cell death. In the past decade, numerous studies have revealed the importance of mitochondrial metabolism in immunity, and mitochondrial dynamics are essential for immune responses mediated by various cell types. In this review, we mainly discuss the role of mitochondrial dynamics in activation, differentiation, cytokine production, and the activity of related pathways in immune cells, particularly T cells, B cells, and other cells involved in the innate immune response.
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Commander R, Wei C, Sharma A, Mouw JK, Burton LJ, Summerbell E, Mahboubi D, Peterson RJ, Konen J, Zhou W, Du Y, Fu H, Shanmugam M, Marcus AI. Subpopulation targeting of pyruvate dehydrogenase and GLUT1 decouples metabolic heterogeneity during collective cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1533. [PMID: 32210228 PMCID: PMC7093428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15219-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity exists within collectively invading packs of tumor cells, suggesting that cellular subtypes cooperate to drive invasion and metastasis. Here, we take a chemical biology approach to probe cell:cell cooperation within the collective invasion pack. These data reveal metabolic heterogeneity within invasive chains, in which leader cells preferentially utilize mitochondrial respiration and trailing follower cells rely on elevated glucose uptake. We define a pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) dependency in leader cells that can be therapeutically exploited with the mitochondria-targeting compound alexidine dihydrochloride. In contrast, follower cells highly express glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which sustains an elevated level of glucose uptake required to maintain proliferation. Co-targeting of both leader and follower cells with PDH and GLUT1 inhibitors, respectively, inhibits cell growth and collective invasion. Taken together, our work reveals metabolic heterogeneity within the lung cancer collective invasion pack and provides rationale for co-targeting PDH and GLUT1 to inhibit collective invasion. The presence of phenotypic heterogeneity in collectively invading cells suggests cooperation amongst distinct subtypes of cells to promote invasion and metastasis. Here, the authors use chemical biology tools and report metabolic heterogeneity within the lung cancer collective invasion pack.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Commander
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Wei
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J K Mouw
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - L J Burton
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - E Summerbell
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D Mahboubi
- Graduate Program in Molecular Systems Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - R J Peterson
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Konen
- Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - W Zhou
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Y Du
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Fu
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Shanmugam
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - A I Marcus
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. .,Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Brinker AE, Vivian CJ, Beadnell TC, Koestler DC, Teoh ST, Lunt SY, Welch DR. Mitochondrial Haplotype of the Host Stromal Microenvironment Alters Metastasis in a Non-cell Autonomous Manner. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1118-1129. [PMID: 31848195 PMCID: PMC7056497 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria contribute to tumor growth through multiple metabolic pathways, regulation of extracellular pH, calcium signaling, and apoptosis. Using the Mitochondrial Nuclear Exchange (MNX) mouse models, which pair nuclear genomes with different mitochondrial genomes, we previously showed that mitochondrial SNPs regulate mammary carcinoma tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in genetic crosses. Here, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphisms in stroma significantly affect tumorigenicity and experimental lung metastasis. Using syngeneic cancer cells (EO771 mammary carcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma cells) injected into wild-type and MNX mice (i.e., same nuclear DNA but different mitochondrial DNA), we showed mt-SNP-dependent increases (C3H/HeN) or decreases (C57BL/6J) in experimental metastasis. Superoxide scavenging reduced experimental metastasis. In addition, expression of lung nuclear-encoded genes changed specifically with mt-SNP. Thus, mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk alters nuclear-encoded signaling pathways that mediate metastasis via both intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE: Stromal mitochondrial polymorphisms affect metastatic colonization through reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial-nuclear cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Brinker
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Carolyn J Vivian
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Thomas C Beadnell
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
| | - Devin C Koestler
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shao Thing Teoh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sophia Y Lunt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- The University Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- Heartland Center for Mitochondrial Medicine
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Hu J, Zhang H, Li J, Jiang X, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Shen L, Shi J, Gao N. ROCK1 activation-mediated mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and cofilin are required for arnidiol-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:37. [PMID: 32075676 PMCID: PMC7031977 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arnidiol is a pentacyclic triterpene diol that has multiple pharmacological activities. However, the apoptotic activities of arnidiol in human cancer cells have not yet been explored, nor has the mechanism by which arnidiol induces apoptosis been examined in depth. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells and xenografted mice were treated with arnidiol. Mitochondrial fission and apoptosis were determined by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and related molecular biological techniques. The interaction and colocalization of cofilin and Drp1 was determined by immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Arnidiol induces mitochondrial fission and apoptosis through mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and cofilin. Importantly, the interaction of Drp1 and cofilin in mitochondria is involved in arnidiol-induced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Knockdown of either Drp1 or cofilin abrogated arnidiol-induced mitochondrial translocation, interaction of Drp1 and cofilin, mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Only dephosphorylated Drp1 (Ser637) and cofilin (Ser3) were translocated to the mitochondria. Mutants of Drp1 S637A and cofilin S3A, which mimic the dephosphorylated forms, enhanced mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by arnidiol, whereas mutants of Drp1 S637D and cofilin S3E, which mimic the phosphorylated forms, suppressed mitochondrial fission and apoptosis induced by arnidiol. A mechanistic study revealed that ROCK1 activation plays an important role in the arnidiol-mediated Drp1 and cofilin dephosphorylation and mitochondrial translocation, mitochondrial fission, and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a novel role of both Drp1 and cofilin in the regulation of mitochondrial fission and apoptosis and suggest that arnidiol could be developed as a potential agent for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjiao Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiuxing Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanhao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Liwen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jingshan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
| | - Ning Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.
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Ma L, Zong X. Metabolic Symbiosis in Chemoresistance: Refocusing the Role of Aerobic Glycolysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:5. [PMID: 32038983 PMCID: PMC6992567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular metabolic reprogramming is now recognized as a hallmark of tumors. Altered tumor metabolism determines the malignant biological behaviors and phenotypes of cancer. More recently, studies have begun to reveal that cancer cells generally exhibit increased glycolysis or oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP)generation, which is frequently associated with drug resistance. The metabolism of drug-resistant cells is regulated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway which ultimately confer cancer cells drug resistance phenotype. The key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the key molecules in relevant pathways have been used as targets to reverse drug resistance. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the role of metabolic symbiosis in therapeutic resistance and discuss the ongoing effort to develop metabolic inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs to overcome drug resistance to classical chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisi Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyun Zong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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48
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Yu R, Lendahl U, Nistér M, Zhao J. Regulation of Mammalian Mitochondrial Dynamics: Opportunities and Challenges. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:374. [PMID: 32595603 PMCID: PMC7300174 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and important for a variety of cellular functions. They constantly undergo fission and fusion events, referred to as mitochondrial dynamics, which affects the shape, size, and number of mitochondria in the cell, as well as mitochondrial subcellular transport, mitochondrial quality control (mitophagy), and programmed cell death (apoptosis). Dysfunctional mitochondrial dynamics is associated with various human diseases. Mitochondrial dynamics is mediated by a set of mitochondria-shaping proteins in both yeast and mammals. In this review, we describe recent insights into the potential molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial fusion and fission, particularly highlighting the coordinating roles of different mitochondria-shaping proteins in the processes, as well as the roles of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the actin cytoskeleton and membrane phospholipids in the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. We particularly focus on emerging roles for the mammalian mitochondrial proteins Fis1, Mff, and MIEFs (MIEF1 and MIEF2) in regulating the recruitment of the cytosolic Drp1 to the surface of mitochondria and how these proteins, especially Fis1, mediate crosstalk between the mitochondrial fission and fusion machineries. In summary, this review provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of mammalian mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of these mechanisms in apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Monica Nistér
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Jian Zhao
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49
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Stoker ML, Newport E, Hulit JC, West AP, Morten KJ. Impact of pharmacological agents on mitochondrial function: a growing opportunity? Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:1757-1772. [PMID: 31696924 PMCID: PMC6925523 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Present-day drug therapies provide clear beneficial effects as many diseases can be driven into remission and the symptoms of others can be efficiently managed; however, the success of many drugs is limited due to both patient non-compliance and adverse off-target or toxicity-induced effects. There is emerging evidence that many of these side effects are caused by drug-induced impairment of mitochondrial function and eventual mitochondrial dysfunction. It is imperative to understand how and why drug-induced side effects occur and how mitochondrial function is affected. In an aging population, age-associated drug toxicity is another key area of focus as the majority of patients on medication are older. Therefore, with an aging population possessing subtle or even more dramatic individual differences in mitochondrial function, there is a growing necessity to identify and understand early on potentially significant drug-associated off-target effects and toxicity issues. This will not only reduce the number of unwanted side effects linked to mitochondrial toxicity but also identify useful mitochondrial-modulating agents. Mechanistically, many successful drug classes including diabetic treatments, antibiotics, chemotherapies and antiviral agents have been linked to mitochondrial targeted effects. This is a growing area, with research to repurpose current medications affecting mitochondrial function being assessed in cancer, the immune system and neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Here, we review the effects that pharmacological agents have on mitochondrial function and explore the opportunities from these effects as potential disease treatments. Our focus will be on cancer treatment and immune modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L. Stoker
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Emma Newport
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, U.K
| | | | - A. Phillip West
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Byran, TX, U.S.A
| | - Karl J. Morten
- NDWRH, The Women's Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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Myc Regulation of a Mitochondrial Trafficking Network Mediates Tumor Cell Invasion and Metastasis. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:MCB.00109-19. [PMID: 31061095 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00109-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Myc gene is a universal oncogene that promotes aggressive cancer, but its role in metastasis has remained elusive. Here, we show that Myc transcriptionally controls a gene network of subcellular mitochondrial trafficking that includes the atypical mitochondrial GTPases RHOT1 and RHOT2, the adapter protein TRAK2, the anterograde motor Kif5B, and an effector of mitochondrial fission, Drp1. Interference with this pathway deregulates mitochondrial dynamics, shuts off subcellular organelle movements, and prevents the recruitment of mitochondria to the cortical cytoskeleton of tumor cells. In turn, this inhibits tumor chemotaxis, blocks cell invasion, and prevents metastatic spreading in preclinical models. Therefore, Myc regulation of mitochondrial trafficking enables tumor cell motility and metastasis.
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