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Hollett RC, Fairclough J, Butt J, Mills B. Exposure to preference-matched alcohol advertisements from national sports broadcasts increases short-term alcohol consumption inclinations in risky drinkers. Health Promot J Austr 2024. [PMID: 38951019 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Australia, sports broadcasting is afforded special alcohol advertising rights during daytime hours, which raises public health concerns, including short-term increases in alcohol consumption among the broad viewership of national sporting codes. METHODS We conducted a content analysis across a sample of nationally televised finals matches (N = 16) from the Australian Football League (AFL) and the National Rugby League (NRL) to determine the prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during these broadcasts. We also conducted an online experiment exposing participants (N = 345) to a randomly selected alcohol advertisement and measured the immediate effects on self-reported alcohol craving and drinking intentions. RESULTS The prevalence of alcohol advertising video clips during AFL broadcasts was 3.9% and 1.8% for NRL. While, overall, alcohol advertisement video clip exposure did not impact craving or drinking intentions, a modest increase in craving was found for a subsample of risky drinking participants (N = 107) who also reported a preference for the specific alcoholic beverage being advertised. CONCLUSIONS Video alcohol advertisements occurred less than 1 in 20 advertisements on average and exposure to alcohol advertising elicited a low, yet measurable, short-term increase in alcohol inclinations, among vulnerable adult drinkers when a desirable alcoholic beverage advertisement is viewed. SO WHAT?: Given that alcohol advertisements are most likely to increase consumption among risky drinkers, health messaging during sports broadcasts needs to specifically target these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Hollett
- Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jesse Fairclough
- Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julia Butt
- Psychology and Criminology, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brennen Mills
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Pérez-Romero C, Barrio G, Donat M, Moreno A, Guerras JM, Pulido J, Belza MJ, Regidor E. Heavy Drinking by Occupation in Spain: Differences Between Weekdays and the Weekend. J Community Health 2024; 49:235-247. [PMID: 37839065 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Estimating occupational disparity in heavy drinking jointly for weekdays and the weekend may be misleading for prevention purposes, because reasons for disparity in both periods may differ. The main objective was to assess occupational disparity in heavy average drinking (HAD) by week period and sex. 42,108 employees aged 16-64 were recruited from national surveys in Spain between 2011 and 2020. The outcome was HAD, defined as daily alcohol intake over 20 g (men) or 10 g (women). Occupation was classified in 15 categories. HAD adjusted prevalence ratios (HAD-aPRs) taking all occupations as reference, and relative adjusted excess prevalences (HAD-aEPs) comparing the weekend to weekdays in each occupation, were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusted for sociodemographic and health covariates. The HAD-aPRs comparing each occupation with all occupations ranged 0.63-1.92 on weekdays and 0.65-1.45 on the weekend, with the highest aPRs on weekdays in construction, hospitality and primary-sector workers (1.92-1.62). The weekend-weekdays HAD-aEPs by occupation ranged 2.60-8.33, with the highest values in technicians/administrators, other professionals, teachers and health professionals (8.33-6.44). The global aEP was higher in women (6.04) than in men (3.92), especially in occupations just mentioned (8.70-11.73 in women vs. 3.64-6.32 in men). There was a considerable relative disparity in HAD risk between occupations on weekdays, with the highest risks in certain low-skilled occupations. Such disparity decreased on the weekend. The relative weekend increase in HAD risk was greater in women and in certain high-skilled occupations. This should be considered when designing prevention interventions on harmful drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Pérez-Romero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gregorio Barrio
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Donat
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Moreno
- Sociology and Social Work Department, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Avenida de Cataluña, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan-Miguel Guerras
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- National Epidemiology Center, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Pulido
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-José Belza
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, 5 Avenida Monforte de Lemos, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Regidor
- Biomedical Research Center Network for Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle Profesor Martín Lagos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Boyle HK, Singh S, López G, Jackson KM, Carey KB, Merrill JE. Insights into the context of simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use among young adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:662-673. [PMID: 36174141 PMCID: PMC10201978 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (simultaneous use) is common among young adults and is associated with a greater number of substance use-related consequences compared to single substance use. Understanding what drives simultaneous use among young adults is crucial. This study aimed to gather qualitative data on physical, social, and situational characteristics of simultaneous use among young adults. Participants were 36 heavy drinking young adults (Mage = 21.79) who engaged in simultaneous use at least twice during the past 30 days. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted via Zoom videoconferencing. Thematic analyses were used to analyze interview data. Findings indicated that young adults are selective of where and with whom they engage in simultaneous use with. Physical characteristics associated with simultaneous use included being in familiar and safe locations. Young adults were less likely to engage in simultaneous use in public spaces. Social characteristics associated with simultaneous use included being at parties, being around close peers, and if others are approving of and/or also using alcohol and cannabis so their effects overlap. Being around family or being alone decreased the likelihood of simultaneous use. Situational characteristics associated with simultaneous use included having access to alcohol and/or cannabis, being a weekend and/or evening, pregaming, and using cannabis at the end of a drinking occasion. Young adults based their decision to engage in simultaneous use on a range of physical, social, and situational contextual factors. Future research should examine multiple characteristics of the context in order to identify specific context with an increased risk of simultaneous use. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Boyle
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Samyukta Singh
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Gabriela López
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Kristina M Jackson
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Kate B Carey
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Jennifer E Merrill
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
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4
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Arterberry BJ, Calhoun BH, Lee CM, Patrick ME. Young Adult Physical, Social, and Temporal Contexts of Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2023; 84:398-406. [PMID: 36971726 PMCID: PMC10364780 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.22-00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use is reported to be associated with heavier alcohol and marijuana use and more negative consequences, but less is known about the social, physical, and temporal contexts of SAM use. METHOD Young adults (N = 326, 51.2% male, 49.1% White non-Hispanic) who reported past-month SAM use completed up to 14 daily surveys across five bursts that assessed SAM use and negative consequences and social, physical, and temporal contexts. We used multilevel models to examine SAM use contexts' associations with alcohol/marijuana quantity and consequences. RESULTS The social context of alone only (vs. with others only) was associated with consuming fewer drinks. Physical contexts that included using both at home and outside the home (vs. only at home) were associated with greater alcohol and marijuana quantity and negative consequences (but not after controlling for alcohol quantity); use outside the home only (vs. only at home) was associated with more alcohol use, more alcohol consequences (but not after controlling for alcohol quantity), and fewer marijuana consequences (even after controlling for marijuana quantity). The temporal context of first engaging in SAM use before 6 P.M. (vs. after 9 P.M.) was associated with greater alcohol and marijuana quantity and more marijuana consequences (but not after controlling for number of hours high), and first engaging in SAM use between 6 and 9 P.M. was associated with more hours high. CONCLUSIONS SAM use contexts such as using with others, using outside the home, and using earlier in the evening are typically associated with greater alcohol/marijuana quantity and consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H. Calhoun
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M. Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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5
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Dora J, Piccirillo M, Foster KT, Arbeau K, Armeli S, Auriacombe M, Bartholow B, Beltz AM, Blumenstock SM, Bold K, Bonar EE, Braitman A, Carpenter RW, Creswell KG, De Hart T, Dvorak RD, Emery N, Enkema M, Fairbairn C, Fairlie AM, Ferguson SG, Freire T, Goodman F, Gottfredson N, Halvorson M, Haroon M, Howard AL, Hussong A, Jackson KM, Jenzer T, Kelly DP, Kuczynski AM, Kuerbis A, Lee CM, Lewis M, Linden-Carmichael AN, Littlefield A, Lydon-Staley DM, Merrill JE, Miranda R, Mohr C, Read JP, Richardson C, O’Connor R, O’Malley SS, Papp L, Piasecki TM, Sacco P, Scaglione N, Serre F, Shadur J, Sher KJ, Shoda Y, Simpson TL, Smith MR, Stevens A, Stevenson B, Tennen H, Todd M, Treloar Padovano H, Trull T, Waddell J, Walukevich-Dienst K, Witkiewitz K, Wray T, Wright AG, Wycoff AM, King KM. The daily association between affect and alcohol use: A meta-analysis of individual participant data. Psychol Bull 2023; 149:1-24. [PMID: 37560174 PMCID: PMC10409490 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Influential psychological theories hypothesize that people consume alcohol in response to the experience of both negative and positive emotions. Despite two decades of daily diary and ecological momentary assessment research, it remains unclear whether people consume more alcohol on days they experience higher negative and positive affect in everyday life. In this preregistered meta-analysis, we synthesized the evidence for these daily associations between affect and alcohol use. We included individual participant data from 69 studies (N = 12,394), which used daily and momentary surveys to assess affect and the number of alcoholic drinks consumed. Results indicate that people are not more likely to drink on days they experience high negative affect, but are more likely to drink and drink heavily on days high in positive affect. People self-reporting a motivational tendency to drink-to-cope and drink-to-enhance consumed more alcohol, but not on days they experienced higher negative and positive affect. Results were robust across different operationalizations of affect, study designs, study populations, and individual characteristics. These findings challenge the long-held belief that people drink more alcohol following increases in negative affect. Integrating these findings under different theoretical models and limitations of this field of research, we collectively propose an agenda for future research to explore open questions surrounding affect and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Dora
- University of Washington; Seattle, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Noah Emery
- Colorado State University; Fort Collins, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Hussong
- University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexis Kuerbis
- Hunter College of the City University of New York; New York, United States
| | | | - Melissa Lewis
- University of North Texas; Fort Worth, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Mohr
- Portland State University; Portland, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Lauren Papp
- University of Wisconsin; Madison, United States
| | | | - Paul Sacco
- University of Maryland; Baltimore, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Yuichi Shoda
- University of Washington; Seattle, United States
| | - Tracy L. Simpson
- University of Washington; Seattle, United States
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System; Seattle, United States
| | | | | | | | - Howard Tennen
- University of Connecticut; Farmington, United States
| | | | | | - Timothy Trull
- University of Missouri-Columbia; Columbia, United States
| | | | | | | | - Tyler Wray
- Brown University; Providence, United States
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Wemm SE, Tennen H, Sinha R, Seo D. Daily stress predicts later drinking initiation via craving in heavier social drinkers: A prospective in-field daily diary study. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2022; 131:780-792. [PMID: 36048091 PMCID: PMC9561019 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Stress has been linked to increased alcohol use but how stress may increase drinking in social drinkers is not well understood. Negative reinforcement processes may explain this link but the role of specific motivational processes, such as craving, and how these motivational processes are altered by drinking have not been studied. The current study assessed social drinkers (n = 81) for recent quantity and frequency of alcohol intake (quantity and frequency index, QFI) upon study enrollment, who then completed 30 days of electronic daily records of stress, craving, and alcohol intake. Multilevel structural equation models tested if person-averaged (between-person) and daily (within-person) craving mediated the link between stress and later drinking each evening and if recent quantity-frequency of drinking (QFI) moderated these associations. At the between-person level, both greater subjective stress, Est = .38, 95% confidence interval (CI) [.19, .57], and higher QFI predicted higher levels of craving, Est = .34, 95% CI [.20, .49]. Higher craving predicted more frequent drinking throughout the study, Est = .34, 95% CI [.01, .29]. At the within-person level, higher subjective stress predicted higher within-person craving; and the link between craving and later drinking was significant among those who had a higher QFI, Est = .84, 95% CI [.58, 1.12]. The subjective stress-drinking relationship was mediated by a greater alcohol craving response in social drinkers, and higher the QFI, greater the alcohol craving response. These results indicate that both higher levels of stress and greater recent alcohol intake patterns sensitize the craving response that in turn facilitates later alcohol intake. The findings suggest that higher recent alcohol use predict greater stress-potentiated initiation of drinking via higher craving responses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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7
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Norona JC, Borsari B, Oesterle DW, Orchowski LM. Alcohol Use and Risk Factors for Sexual Aggression: Differences According to Relationship Status. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5125-NP5147. [PMID: 30168352 PMCID: PMC11078469 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518795169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the ways alcohol use and risk factors for sexual assault perpetration vary by relationship status. Participants included 242 college men (age = 18-22 years) from a northeastern university who identified as being single or in a casual or committed dating relationship with a female partner. ANCOVAs and paired t tests compared individuals who were single, casually dating, and in committed relationships on self-reported alcohol use during sexual situations, beliefs about sexual communication, behavior associated with sexual aggression, and peer approval of sexual aggression. Differences in alcohol use during sexual situations and behavior associated with sexual aggression according to relationship status emerged. Post hoc analyses examining whether alcohol use during sexual situations moderated significant associations between relationship status and behavior associated with sexual aggression suggested that men in committed relationships who endorsed more frequent alcohol use during sexual situations also endorsed more behavior associated with sexual aggression. Findings suggest that individuals in committed relationships who often use alcohol during sexual situations may be at increased risk of sexually aggressive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerika C. Norona
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- San Francisco VA Health Care System, CA, USA
- University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Lindsay M. Orchowski
- Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, USA
- Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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8
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Turicchi J, O’Driscoll R, Horgan G, Duarte C, Palmeira AL, Larsen SC, Heitmann BL, Stubbs J. Weekly, seasonal and holiday body weight fluctuation patterns among individuals engaged in a European multi-centre behavioural weight loss maintenance intervention. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232152. [PMID: 32353079 PMCID: PMC7192384 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Technological advances in remote monitoring offer new opportunities to quantify body weight patterns in free-living populations. This paper describes body weight fluctuation patterns in response to weekly, holiday (Christmas) and seasonal time periods in a large group of individuals engaged in a weight loss maintenance intervention. METHODS Data was collected as part The NoHoW Project which was a pan-European weight loss maintenance trial. Three eligible groups were defined for weekly, holiday and seasonal analyses, resulting in inclusion of 1,421, 1,062 and 1,242 participants, respectively. Relative weight patterns were modelled on a time series following removal of trends and grouped by gender, country, BMI and age. RESULTS Within-week fluctuations of 0.35% were observed, characterised by weekend weight gain and weekday reduction which differed between all groups. Over the Christmas period, weight increased by a mean 1.35% and was not fully compensated for in following months, with some differences between countries observed. Seasonal patterns were primarily characterised by the effect of Christmas weight gain and generally not different between groups. CONCLUSIONS This evidence may improve current understanding of regular body weight fluctuation patterns and help target future weight management interventions towards periods, and in groups, where weight gain is anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ruairi O’Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Horgan
- Biomathematics & Statistics Scotland, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Cristiana Duarte
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sofus C. Larsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Berit L. Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition and Eating disorder, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health, Section for General Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Alcohol use among adults in Kenya: Results from the National Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factor survey, 2015. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2019.1568728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Supa Pengpid
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhonpathom, Thailand
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
| | - Karl Peltzer
- Department of Research and Innovation, University of Limpopo, Turfloop, South Africa
- HIV/AIDS/STIs and TB Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
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Cunningham JA, Anthenien A, Neighbors C. Pilot study of a repeated random sampling method for surveys focusing on date-specific differences in alcohol consumption among university students. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2019; 5:26. [PMID: 30820337 PMCID: PMC6378749 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-019-0411-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper proposes and pilots a repeated random sampling method to promote the likelihood of collecting drinking data equally representative of the behavior of university students at all times through the academic year. Methods From October, 2016, to May, 2017, random samples of 1350 students were selected from the 39,155 undergraduate students enrolled in the fall semester at University of Houston. These students were sent an email inviting them to complete an online survey (entered into a weekly draw for a $50 gift certificate if responded). Results The response rate was low (6%). Among participants who reported drinking in the last week, there was a variation as expected in the amount of drinking observed depending on the time of year (e.g., during exams). Conclusions While the sampling methods show promise, procedures would need to be implemented to substantially increase response rates before the proposed methods could be seen as an advantage over existing survey sampling procedures. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40814-019-0411-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Cunningham
- 1Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell St, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2S1 Canada.,2University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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11
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Bergagna E, Tartaglia S. Drinking Motives, Perceived Norms, and Adolescents’ Drinking. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042618795138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Various cognitive and social factors influence the consumption of alcohol during adolescence. Accurate assessment of the relative importance of these variables is crucial for planning interventions against alcohol-related problems. This study compared the effects of drinking motives, perceived parent, and peer alcohol consumption on alcohol use in Italian adolescents. We collected the data by means of a self-report questionnaire on a sample of 229 secondary school students who were 15 to 20 years old. To test the influence of different groups of predictors, we performed three hierarchical regression and one binary logistic regression analyses. We found that perceived norms about drinking influenced adolescents’ alcohol consumption: Perception of friends’ alcohol use was of particular significance, whereas perceived parental norms had an influence only concerning alcoholic beverages with low alcohol content, such as beer. Regarding drinking motives, internal motivations were related to risky drinking, whereas external motivations were not associated with problematic alcohol consumption.
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12
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Identifying the Intersection of Alcohol, Adherence and Sex in HIV Positive Men on ART Treatment in India Using an Adapted Timeline Followback Procedure. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:228-242. [PMID: 28993911 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1916-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
People living with HIV (PLHIV) on anti-retroviral treatment (ART) who drink are less adherent and more likely to engage in unprotected sex but the connections among these events are correlational. Using an adapted Timeline Follow-Back (A-TLFB) procedure, this paper examines the day by day interface of alcohol, medication adherence and sex to provide a fine grained understanding of how multiple behavioral risks coincide in time and space, explores concordance/discordance of measures with survey data and identifies potential recall bias. Data are drawn from a survey of behavior, knowledge and attitudes, and a 30 day TLFB assessment of multiple risk behaviors adapted for the Indian PLHIV context, administered to 940 alcohol-consuming, HIV positive men on ART at the baseline evaluation stage of a multilevel, multi-centric intervention study. On days participants drank they were significantly more likely to be medication non-adherent and to have unprotected sex. In the first day after their alcohol consuming day, the pattern of nonadherence persisted. Binge and regular drinking days were associated with nonadherence but only binge drinking co-occurred with unprotected sex. Asking about specific "drinking days" improved recall for drinking days and number of drinks consumed. Recall declined for both drinking days and nonadherence from the first week to subsequent weeks but varied randomly for sex risk. There was high concordance and low discordance between A-TLFB drinking and nonadherence but these results were reversed for unprotected sex. Moving beyond simple drinking-adherence correlational analysis, the A-TLFB offers improved recall probes and provides researchers and interventionists with the opportunity to identify types of risky days and tailor behavioral modification to reduce alcohol consumption, nonadherence and risky sex on those days.
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13
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Fitterer JL, Nelson TA, Stockwell T. A Review of Existing Studies Reporting the Negative Effects of Alcohol Access and Positive Effects of Alcohol Control Policies on Interpersonal Violence. Front Public Health 2015; 3:253. [PMID: 26636055 PMCID: PMC4644794 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2015.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption often leads to elevated rates of violence yet alcohol access policies continue to relax across the globe. Our review establishes the extent alcohol policy can moderate violent crime through alcohol availability restrictions. Results were informed from comprehensive selection of peer-reviewed journals from 1950 to October 2015. Our search identified 87 relevant studies on alcohol access and violence conducted across 12 countries. Seventeen studies included quasi-control design, and 23 conducted intervention analysis. Seventy-one (82%) reported a significant relationship between alcohol access and violent offenses. Alcohol outlet studies reported the greatest percentage of significant results (93%), with trading hours (63%), and alcohol price following (58%). Results from baseline studies indicated the effectiveness of increasing the price of commonly consumed alcohol, restricting the hours of alcohol trading, and limiting the number of alcohol outlets per region to prevent violent offenses. Unclear are the effects of tax reductions, restriction of on-premises re-entry, and different outlet types on violent crime. Further, the generalization of statistics over broad areas and the low number of control/intervention studies poses some concern for confounding or correlated effects on study results, and amount of information for local-level prevention of interpersonal violence. Future studies should focus on gathering longitudinal data, validating models, limiting crime data to peak drinking days and times, and wherever possible collecting the joint distribution between violent crime, intoxication, and place. A greater uptake of local-level analysis will benefit studies comparing the influence of multiple alcohol establishment types by relating the location of a crime to establishment proximity. Despite, some uncertainties particular studies showed that even modest policy changes, such as 1% increases in alcohol price, 1 h changes to closing times, and limiting establishment densities to <25 outlets per postal code substantively reduce violent crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Fitterer
- Spatial Pattern Analysis and Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , Canada
| | - Trisalyn A Nelson
- Spatial Pattern Analysis and Research Laboratory, Department of Geography, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , Canada
| | - Timothy Stockwell
- Centre for Addictions Research of British Columbia, Psychology Department, University of Victoria , Victoria, BC , Canada
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Dissociation between diurnal cycles in locomotor activity, feeding behavior and hepatic PERIOD2 expression in chronic alcohol-fed mice. Alcohol 2015; 49:399-408. [PMID: 25960184 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption contributes to fatty liver disease. Our studies revealed that the hepatic circadian clock is disturbed in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, and effects of chronic alcohol administration upon the clock itself may contribute to steatosis. We extended these findings to explore the effects of chronic alcohol treatment on daily feeding and locomotor activity patterns. Mice were chronically pair-fed ad libitum for 4 weeks using the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, with calorie-controlled liquid and standard chow diets as control groups. Locomotor activity, feeding activity, and real-time bioluminescence recording of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in tissue explants were measured. Mice on liquid control and chow diets exhibited normal profiles of locomotor activity, with a ratio of 22:78% day/night activity and a peak during early night. This pattern was dramatically altered in alcohol-fed mice, marked by a 49:51% ratio and the absence of a distinct peak. While chow-diet fed mice had a normal 24:76% ratio of feeding activity, with a peak in the early night, this pattern was dramatically altered in both liquid-diet groups: mice had a 43:57% ratio, and an absence of a distinct peak. Temporal differences were also observed between the two liquid-diet groups during late day. Cosinor analysis revealed a ∼4-h and ∼6-h shift in the alcohol-fed group feeding and locomotor activity rhythms, respectively. Analysis of hepatic PER2 expression revealed that the molecular clock in alcohol-fed and control liquid-diet mice was shifted by ∼11 h and ∼6 h, respectively. No differences were observed in suprachiasmatic nucleus explants, suggesting that changes in circadian phase in the liver were generated independently from the central clock. These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption and a liquid diet can differentially modulate the daily rhythmicity of locomotor and feeding behaviors, aspects that might contribute to disturbances in the circadian timing system and development of hepatic steatosis.
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Mattson ME, Cai R, Woodward A. Emergency department visits vs. fatalities among substance-impaired underage youths involved in motor vehicle crashes. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2015; 53:45-51. [PMID: 25933997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emergency department (ED) visits resulting from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) among individuals younger than 21 impaired by alcohol and/or drugs have been less studied than MVC fatalities. METHOD Using data from 2004 to 2011, we compare the magnitude and pattern of national ED visit and mortality data for alcohol- and drug-impaired youths involved in MVCs. RESULTS Temporal patterns of ED visits are similar to those of fatalities, but the two differ in magnitude. The ratio of ED visits to fatalities is 3.5:1; alcohol related events involvement dominates other drugs in both categories. DISCUSSION The volume of injuries serious enough to warrant ED visits imposes significant health, social, and financial burdens. In ED visits, alcohol is the prime source of MVC morbidity burden; other drugs consistently contribute less. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS These incidents are persistent and require interventions aimed at multiple levels of prevention, including stricter corrective steps earlier in the impaired driving career to reduce subsequent incidents. ED visits for MVC injuries can be important "teachable moments." Limitations of the study indicate the need for improved surveillance of underage substance-involved crashes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret E Mattson
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857 (overnight mail use 20850), USA.
| | - Rong Cai
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857 (overnight mail use 20850), USA
| | - Albert Woodward
- Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Administration Services Administration, 1 Choke Cherry Road, Rockville, MD 20857 (overnight mail use 20850), USA
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Cox WM, Klinger E, Fadardi JS. The motivational basis of cognitive determinants of addictive behaviors. Addict Behav 2015; 44:16-22. [PMID: 25499579 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
If a person expects that (a) drinking alcohol or using another addictive substance will enhance positive affect or reduce negative affect, and (b) there is a strong likelihood that these desirable consequences will occur if the substance is used, that person is likely to form a goal of using the substance. The theoretical framework presented here predicts that when that happens, the person will have a current concern for using the substance, with the person thereby sensitized to environmental stimuli related to procuring and using the substance. One indication of the sensitization is selective attention to substance-related stimuli, which is correlated with urges to use and actual use of the substance. Accordingly, interventions have been developed for helping substance users to overcome substance-related attentional bias. The results are promising for reducing both the attentional bias and the substance use. Finally, we discuss other cognitive-modification and motivational techniques that have been evaluated with promising results.
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Maternal heavy alcohol use and toddler behavior problems: a fixed effects regression analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2015; 24:1269-77. [PMID: 25586409 PMCID: PMC4592488 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-015-0677-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Using data from the longitudinal Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study, the aims of the current study were to examine associations between postnatal maternal heavy alcohol use and toddler behavior problems, taking both observed and unobserved confounding factors into account by employing fixed effects regression models. Postnatal maternal heavy alcohol use (defined as drinking alcohol 4 or more times a week, or drinking 7 units or more per alcohol use episode) and toddler internalizing and externalizing behavior problems were assessed when the toddlers were aged 18 and 36 months. Maternal psychopathology, civil status and negative life events last year were included as time-variant covariates. Maternal heavy alcohol use was associated with toddler internalizing and externalizing behavior problems (p < 0.001) in the population when examined with generalized estimating equation models. The associations disappeared when observed and unobserved sources of confounding were taken into account in the fixed effects models [(p = 0.909 for externalizing behaviors (b = 0.002, SE = 0.021), p = 0.928 for internalizing behaviors (b = 0.002, SE = 0.023)], with an even further reduction of the estimates with the inclusion of time-variant confounders. No causal effect was found between postnatal maternal heavy alcohol use and toddler behavior problems. Increased levels of behavior problems among toddlers of heavy drinking mothers should therefore be attributed to other adverse characteristics associated with these mothers, toddlers and families. This should be taken into account when interventions aimed at at-risk families identified by maternal heavy alcohol use are planned and conducted.
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Bond JC, Greenfield TK, Patterson D, Kerr WC. Adjustments for drink size and ethanol content: new results from a self-report diary and transdermal sensor validation study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:3060-7. [PMID: 25581661 PMCID: PMC4293078 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies adjusting self-reported measures of alcohol intake for drink size and ethanol (EtOH) content have relied on single-point assessments. METHODS A prospective 28-day diary study investigated magnitudes of drink-EtOH adjustments and factors associated with these adjustments. Transdermal alcohol sensor (TAS) readings and prediction of alcohol-related problems by number of drinks versus EtOH-adjusted intake were used to validate drink-EtOH adjustments. Self-completed event diaries listed up to 4 beverage types and 4 drinking events/d. Eligible volunteers had ≥ weekly drinking and ≥3+ drinks per occasion with ≥26 reported days and pre- and postsummary measures (n = 220). Event reports included drink types, sizes, brands or spirits contents, venues, drinks consumed, and drinking duration. RESULTS Wine drinks averaged 1.19, beer 1.09, and spirits 1.54 U.S. standard drinks (14 g EtOH). Mean-adjusted alcohol intake was 22% larger using drink size and strength (brand/EtOH concentration) data. Adjusted drink levels were larger than "raw" drinks in all quantity ranges. Individual-level drink-EtOH adjustment ratios (EtOH adjusted/unadjusted amounts) averaged across all days drinking ranged from 0.73 to 3.33 (mean 1.22). Adjustment ratio was only marginally (and not significantly) positively related to usual quantity, frequency, and heavy drinking (all ps < 0.10), independent of gender, age, employment, and education, but those with lower incomes (both p < 0.01) drank stronger/bigger drinks. Controlling for raw number of drinks and other covariates, degree of adjustment independently predicted alcohol dependence symptoms (p < 0.01) and number of consequences (p < 0.05). In 30 respondents with sufficiently high-quality TAS readings, higher correlations (p = 0.04) were found between the adjusted versus the raw drinks/event and TAS areas under the curve. CONCLUSIONS Absent drink size and strength data, intake assessments are downward biased by at least 20%. Between-subject variation in typical drink content and pour sizes should be addressed in treatment and epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Bond
- Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute, Emeryville, California
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19
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Momeni S, Roman E. Subgroup-dependent effects of voluntary alcohol intake on behavioral profiles in outbred Wistar rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 275:288-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.08.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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England CY, Thompson JL, Jago R, Cooper AR, Andrews RC. Dietary changes and associations with metabolic improvements in adults with type 2 diabetes during a patient-centred dietary intervention: an exploratory analysis. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004953. [PMID: 24928586 PMCID: PMC4067834 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-004953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Describe dietary intake of participants enrolled in a non-prescriptive dietary intervention and dietary changes at 6 months and explore whether these changes had a role in observed improvements in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), weight, lipids and blood pressure. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from the Early ACTivity in Diabetes randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS 262 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes randomised to the dietary intervention. OUTCOMES AND ANALYSIS Changes in energy intake, macronutrients, fibre and alcohol and in weight, waist circumference, lipids, HbA1c and blood pressure at baseline and 6 months. Multivariate models were used to examine associations between dietary changes and metabolic variables. RESULTS Men reported reducing mean energy intake from 1903±462 kcal to 1685 kcal±439 kcal (p<0.001), increasing carbohydrate intake from 42.4±6.6% to 43.8±6.6% (p=0.002) and reducing median alcohol intake from 13 (0-27) g to 5 (0-18) g (p<0.001). Women reported reducing mean energy intake from 1582±379 kcal to 1459±326 kcal (p<0.001) with no change to macronutrient distribution and alcohol. Fibre intake was maintained. In men (n=148), weak and clinically insignificant associations were found between increased carbohydrates and reduction in HbA1c (β=-0.003 (-0.006, -0.001); p=0.009), increased fibre and reduction in total cholesterol (β=-0.023 (-0.044, -0.002); p=0.033), decreased total fat and reduction in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (β=0.024 (0.006, 0.001); p=0.011), and decreased alcohol and reduction in diastolic blood pressure (β=0.276 (0.055, 0.497); p=0.015). In women (n=75), associations were found between a decrease in transfats and reductions in waist circumference (β=-0.029 (0.006, 0.052); p=0.015), total cholesterol (β=0.399 (0.028, 0.770); p=0.036) and LDL cholesterol (β=0.365 (0.042, 0.668); p=0.028). CONCLUSIONS Clinically important metabolic improvements observed in a patient-centred dietary intervention were not explained by changes in macronutrients. However, a non-prescriptive approach may promote a reduction in total energy intake while maintaining fibre consumption. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The Early ACTID trial number ISRCTN92162869.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y England
- Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J L Thompson
- University of Birmingham, School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Jago
- Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - A R Cooper
- Centre for Exercise Nutrition and Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R C Andrews
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Learning and Research, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
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McClatchley K, Shorter GW, Chalmers J. Deconstructing alcohol use on a night out in England: promotions, preloading and consumption. Drug Alcohol Rev 2014; 33:367-75. [PMID: 24810162 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS To examine alcohol consumed during a drinking event (a single drinking occasion) by those attending public house/on-trade establishments on nights with standard pricing and nights with promotional prices. DESIGN AND METHODS Data (n = 425) were collected in an ecological momentary assessment over eight nights in two locations (Midlands and London) on both promotional and standard (Saturday) nights. Multiple regression was used to predict event alcohol consumption by sex, age, type of night, alcohol preloading behaviour, marital and employment status, education, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test alcohol consumption questions separately or total AUDIT-C and social group size. RESULTS Mean (UK) units consumed were 11.8 (London) and 14.4 (Midlands). In London, consumption was similar on promotional and standard nights, but in the Midlands, standard night consumption was three units higher. Preloading was reported by 30%; more common on standard nights. Regression analyses revealed being male, preloading and past-year total AUDIT-C were associated with higher event consumption. However, when AUDIT-C questions were added separately, being a standard night was associated with increased event consumption and different AUDIT-C questions were significantly associated with event consumption in each location. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Event consumption reflected heavy episodic drinking and was influenced by price. Promotional night consumption either matched standard Saturday night consumption or was slightly lower. In London, there was a significant preference for drinking at least one promotional beverage on promotional nights. On standard nights, consumption was over a wider range of venues, and preloading with off-trade alcohol was more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstie McClatchley
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK; Highland Council Psychological Service, Inverness, UK
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Groß C, Neumann M, Kalkbrenner M, Mick I, Lachnit A, Reichert J, Klotsche J, Zimmermann US. A retrospective analysis of psychosocial risk factors modulating adolescent alcohol binge drinking. Eur Addict Res 2014; 20:285-92. [PMID: 25277424 DOI: 10.1159/000362410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Adolescent alcohol binge-induced hospital admissions (BIHAs) are an increasing problem in Europe. We investigated whether psychosocial factors (e.g., drinking situations, drinking occasions and neighborhood unemployment) are associated with particularly risky patterns of alcohol or substance use. METHOD We performed a systematic retrospective chart review of all the respective cases in 2003-2008 (n = 586; age range: 12-17 years) from both pediatric hospitals in the city of Dresden, Germany. RESULTS The vast majority of adolescent BIHAs were associated with drinking together with peers at weekend parties. Compared to this 'typical' drinking pattern, adolescents drinking 'atypically' (i.e., drinking either alone, to cope or despite the fact that the next day was a school/work day) more often had already used alcohol and illegal substances before and were more often diagnosed with substance use disorders and other mental disorders prior to BIHA. The unemployment rate in the patients' neighborhood was positively related to the incidence proportion of adolescent BIHAs in the respective subdistricts (r(s) = 0.61). CONCLUSION Adolescent atypical drinking may indicate an increased risk for the development of alcohol and substance use disorders. This information is quickly accessible and can alert clinicians to initiate psychosocial aftercare; their infrastructure should address the strong relation between BIHA probability and neighborhood unemployment rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius Groß
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Tartaglia S. Alcohol consumption among young adults in Italy: The interplay of individual and social factors. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2013.840562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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