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Salemi M, Schillaci FA, Lanza G, Marchese G, Salluzzo MG, Cordella A, Caniglia S, Bruccheri MG, Truda A, Greco D, Ferri R, Romano C. Transcriptome Study in Sicilian Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1402. [PMID: 39061976 PMCID: PMC11274004 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
ASD is a complex condition primarily rooted in genetics, although influenced by environmental, prenatal, and perinatal risk factors, ultimately leading to genetic and epigenetic alterations. These mechanisms may manifest as inflammatory, oxidative stress, hypoxic, or ischemic damage. To elucidate potential variances in gene expression in ASD, a transcriptome analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was conducted via RNA-seq on 12 ASD patients and 13 healthy controls, all of Sicilian ancestry to minimize environmental confounds. A total of 733 different statistically significant genes were identified between the two cohorts. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Gene Ontology (GO) terms were employed to explore the pathways influenced by differentially expressed mRNAs. GSEA revealed GO pathways strongly associated with ASD, namely the GO Biological Process term "Response to Oxygen-Containing Compound". Additionally, the GO Cellular Component pathway "Mitochondrion" stood out among other pathways, with differentially expressed genes predominantly affiliated with this specific pathway, implicating the involvement of different mitochondrial functions in ASD. Among the differentially expressed genes, FPR2 was particularly highlighted, belonging to three GO pathways. FPR2 can modulate pro-inflammatory responses, with its intracellular cascades triggering the activation of several kinases, thus suggesting its potential utility as a biomarker of pro-inflammatory processes in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Salemi
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Francesca A. Schillaci
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Lanza
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
- Department of Surgery and Medical—Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanna Marchese
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Salluzzo
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Angela Cordella
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Salvatore Caniglia
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Maria Grazia Bruccheri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Anna Truda
- Genomix4Life S.r.l., 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (G.M.); (A.C.); (A.T.)
- Genome Research Center for Health—CRGS, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Donatella Greco
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Raffaele Ferri
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Corrado Romano
- Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy; (F.A.S.); (G.L.); (M.G.S.); (S.C.); (M.G.B.); (D.G.); (R.F.); (C.R.)
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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Pecchillo Cimmino T, Panico I, Scarano S, Stornaiuolo M, Esposito G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2-Dependent cPLA2 and 5-LOX Activation Requires a Functional NADPH Oxidase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:220. [PMID: 38397818 PMCID: PMC10886330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases (PL) A2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and mostly generates arachidonic acid (AA). The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) can metabolize AA to obtain inflammatory leukotrienes, whose biosynthesis highly depends on cPLA2 and 5-LOX activities. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) belongs to a subfamily of class A GPCRs and is considered the most versatile FPRs isoform. Signaling triggered by FPR2 includes the activation of several downstream kinases and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent ROS generation. In a metabolomic analysis we observed a significant increase in AA concentration in FPR2-stimulated lung cancer cell line CaLu-6. We analyzed cPLA2 phosphorylation and observed a time-dependent increase in cPLA2 Ser505 phosphorylation in FPR2-stimulated cells, which was prevented by the MEK inhibitor (PD098059) and the p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) and by blocking NOX function. Similarly, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of 5-LOX at Ser271 and Ser663 residues requires FPR2-dependent p38MAPK and ERKs activation. Moreover, we showed that 5-LOX Ser271 phosphorylation depends on a functional NOX expression. Our overall data demonstrate for the first time that FPR2-induced ERK- and p38MAPK-dependent phosphorylation/activation of cPLA2 and 5-LOX requires a functional NADPH oxidase. These findings represent an important step towards future novel therapeutic possibilities aimed at resolving the inflammatory processes underlying many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pecchillo Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Iolanda Panico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Simona Scarano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
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Zuo Z, Zhou Z, Chang Y, Liu Y, Shen Y, Li Q, Zhang L. Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2): Regulation, function and targeting strategy in human cancer. Genes Dis 2024; 11:218-233. [PMID: 37588202 PMCID: PMC10425756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) is a small subunit in ribonucleotide reductases, which participate in nucleotide metabolism and catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides, maintaining the dNTP pools for DNA biosynthesis, repair, and replication. RRM2 performs a critical role in the malignant biological behaviors of cancers. The structure, regulation, and function of RRM2 and its inhibitors were discussed. RRM2 gene can produce two transcripts encoding the same ORF. RRM2 expression is regulated at multiple levels during the processes from transcription to translation. Moreover, this gene is associated with resistance, regulated cell death, and tumor immunity. In order to develop and design inhibitors of RRM2, appropriate strategies can be adopted based on different mechanisms. Thus, a greater appreciation of the characteristics of RRM2 is a benefit for understanding tumorigenesis, resistance in cancer, and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, RRM2-targeted therapy will be more attention in future therapeutic approaches for enhancement of treatment effects and amelioration of the dismal prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanwen Zuo
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Zerong Zhou
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Yuzhou Chang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, and Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuping Shen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425199, China
| | - Qizhang Li
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), and School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Innovative Drug R&D Center, College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui 235000, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Ball L, Bauer J, Krautwurst D. Heterodimerization of Chemoreceptors TAS1R3 and mGlu 2 in Human Blood Leukocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12942. [PMID: 37629122 PMCID: PMC10454557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression of canonical chemosensory receptors of the tongue, such as the heteromeric sweet taste (TAS1R2/TAS1R3) and umami taste (TAS1R1/TAS1R3) receptors, has been demonstrated in many extra-oral cells and tissues. Gene expression studies have revealed transcripts for all TAS1 and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors in different types of immune cells, where they are involved, for example, in the chemotaxis of human neutrophils and the protection of T cells from activation-induced cell death. Like other class-C G protein-coupling receptors (GPCRs), TAS1Rs and mGlu receptors form heteromers within their families. Since mGlu receptors and TAS1R1/TAS1R3 share the same ligand, monosodium glutamate (MSG), we hypothesized their hitherto unknown heteromerization across receptor families in leukocytes. Here we show, by means of immunocytochemistry and co-IP/Western analysis, that across class-C GPCR families, mGlu2 and TAS1R3 co-localize and heterodimerize in blood leukocytes. Expressing the recombinant receptors in HEK-293 cells, we validated their heterodimerization by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. We demonstrate MSG-induced, mGlu2/TAS1R3 heteromer-dependent gain-of-function and pertussis toxin-sensitive signaling in luminescence assays. Notably, we show that mGlu2/TAS1R3 is necessary and sufficient for MSG-induced facilitation of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated IL-8 secretion in neutrophils, using receptor-specific antagonists. In summary, our results demonstrate mGlu2/TAS1R3 heterodimerization in leukocytes, suggesting cellular function-tailored chemoreceptor combinations to modulate cellular immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ball
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Alte Akademie 8a, 85354 Freising, Germany;
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Julia Bauer
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany;
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5
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Wang H, Wang Y, Luo W, Zhang X, Cao R, Yang Z, Duan J, Wang K. Integrative stemness characteristics associated with prognosis and the immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 36471379 PMCID: PMC9724367 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02184-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To comprehensively analyze the stemness characteristics related to prognosis and the immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). METHODS The OCLR machine learning method was used to calculate the stemness index (mRNAsi) of the LUAD samples. DEGs common between the low mRNAsi, normal, and high mRNAsi groups were screened and the immune-stemness genes were obtained. Then the PPI network was created and enrichment analyses were performed. Moreover, different subtypes based on immune-stemness genes associated with prognosis were identified, and the relationships between LUAD stemness and TIME variables were systematically analyzed, followed by TMB analysis. RESULTS Patients in the high mRNAsi groups with poor prognosis were screened along with 144 immune-stemness genes. IL-6, FPR2, and RLN3 showed a higher degree in the PPI network. A total of 26 immune-stemness genes associated with prognosis were screened. Two clusters were obtained (cluster 1 and cluster 2). Survival analysis revealed that patients in cluster 2 had a poor prognosis. A total of 12 immune cell subpopulations exhibited significant differences between cluster 1 and cluster 2 (P < 0.05). A total of 10 immune checkpoint genes exhibited significantly higher expression in cluster 1 (P < 0.05) than in cluster 2. Further, the TMB value in cluster 2 was higher than that in cluster 1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Immune-stemness genes, including L-6, FPR2, and RLN3, might play significant roles in LUAD development via cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand‒receptor interaction, and the JAK‒STAT pathway. Immune-stemness genes were related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, TMB, and expression of immune checkpoint gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- grid.414918.1Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, 650031 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Ying Wang
- grid.452826.fDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, Yan’an Hospital of Kunming, 650000 Kunming, Yunnan China
| | - Wei Luo
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Fourth People’s Hospital, No. 2 Ganghe Road, Wanghu Neighborhood Committee, Jinfang Street, 650302 Anning, Yunnan China
| | - Xugang Zhang
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Fourth People’s Hospital, No. 2 Ganghe Road, Wanghu Neighborhood Committee, Jinfang Street, 650302 Anning, Yunnan China
| | - Ran Cao
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Fourth People’s Hospital, No. 2 Ganghe Road, Wanghu Neighborhood Committee, Jinfang Street, 650302 Anning, Yunnan China
| | - Zhi Yang
- The IVD Medical Marketing Department, 3D Medicines Inc, 201114 Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Duan
- grid.414902.a0000 0004 1771 3912Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 650031 Kunming, Yunman China
| | - Kun Wang
- grid.218292.20000 0000 8571 108XDepartment of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Anning First People’s Hospital, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming Fourth People’s Hospital, No. 2 Ganghe Road, Wanghu Neighborhood Committee, Jinfang Street, 650302 Anning, Yunnan China
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New Insights on Formyl Peptide Receptor Type 2 Involvement in Nociceptive Processes in the Spinal Cord. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040500. [PMID: 35454990 PMCID: PMC9026467 DOI: 10.3390/life12040500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor type 2 (FPR2/ALX) belongs to the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) family clustered on chromosome 19 and encodes a family of three Class A of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). A short N-terminal region, an NPXXY motif in transmembrane (TM) region 7 and an E/DRY motif that bridges TM3 and TM6 stabilizing inactive receptor conformations characterize this class of receptors. In recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), FPRs play a crucial role in innate immune responses. FPR2/ALX is highly expressed in myeloid cells, as well as in chondrocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial, epithelial and smooth muscle cells. FPR2/ALX mRNA expression was recently reported in the rat brainstem, spinal cord, thalamus/hypothalamus, cerebral neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum. The central nervous system (CNS) distribution of FPR2/ALX suggests important functions in nociception. Thus, the present study was carried out to investigate the possible role of FPR2/ALX in nociception in mice. Intrathecal administration of the formyl peptide receptor type 1 (FPR1) agonist fMLF and the FPR2/ALX agonist BML-111 relieved nociception and these effects were reduced by contemporary administration of the FPR2/ALX antagonist WRW4. Furthermore, measurement of cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the spinal cord of neuropathic mice demonstrated that the antinociceptive effects of BML-111 might depend on the reduction in cytokine release and BDNF in the spinal cord. These results suggest a possible role of FPR2/ALX for pain control in the spinal cord.
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Rui-Zhi T, Ke-Huan X, Yuan L, Xiao L, Bing-Wen Z, Tong-Tong L, Li W. Renoprotective effect of isoliquiritigenin on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through inhibition of FPR2 in macrophage. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 148:56-64. [PMID: 34924130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidences indicated that macrophages play an important pro-inflammatory role in AKI and isoliquiritigenin (ISL) can inhibit macrophagic inflammation, but its role in AKI and the underlying mechanism are unknown. The present study aims to investigate the renoprotective effect of ISL on AKI and the role of Formyl peptide receptors 2 (FPR2) in this process. In this study, cisplatin-induced AKI model and lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage inflammatory model were employed to perform the in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that ISL strongly relieved kidney injury and inhibited renal inflammation in vivo and suppress macrophagic inflammatory response in vitro. Importantly, it was found that FPR2 was significantly upregulated compared to the control group in AKI and LPS-induced macrophage, whereas it was strongly suppressed by ISL. Interestingly, overexpression of FPR2 with transfection of pcDNA3.1-FPR2 effectively reversed the anti-inflammatory effect of ISL in macrophage, suggesting that FPR2 may be the potential target for ISL to prevent inflammation and improve kidney injury of AKI. Take together, these findings indicated that ISL improved cisplantin-induced kidney injury by inhibiting FPR2 involved macrophagic inflammation, which may provide a potential therapeutic option for AKI.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/chemically induced
- Acute Kidney Injury/drug therapy
- Acute Kidney Injury/genetics
- Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chalcones/isolation & purification
- Chalcones/pharmacology
- Chalcones/therapeutic use
- Cisplatin/adverse effects
- Gene Expression/drug effects
- Glycyrrhiza/chemistry
- Inflammation
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Phytotherapy
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/physiology
- Receptors, Lipoxin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Lipoxin/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoxin/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoxin/physiology
- Up-Regulation/drug effects
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Rui-Zhi
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xie Ke-Huan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liao Yuan
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhu Bing-Wen
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Tong-Tong
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Wang Li
- Research Center for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China.
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8
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Xie X, He J, Wang Q, Liu Y, Chen W, Shi K. FPR2 participates in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) progression through RhoA-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. J Ovarian Res 2021; 14:177. [PMID: 34930387 PMCID: PMC8686243 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-021-00932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our previous study, we found that formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) promoted the invasion and metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and could be a prognostic marker for EOC. In this study, we aimed to study the possible mechanism of FPR2 in promoting EOC progression. METHODS EOC cell lines with ectopic FPR2 expression and knockdown as well as their control cell lines were established, and the expression change of RhoA in each cell line was evaluated by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to detect the migratory ability of EOCs affected by FPR2 and RhoA. The supernatant of each EOC cell line was used to coculture with macrophages, and then we tested M1 and M2 macrophage biomarkers in the supernatants by flow cytometry. The THP-1 cell line was also induced to differentiate into M1 and M2 macrophages, and FPR2 and RhoA expression in each macrophage cell line was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. A tumour xenograft model was established with SKOV3 and SKOV3-shFPR2 cell lines, and tumour volumes and weights were recorded. RESULTS RhoA expression was significantly increased in EOCs along with the overexpression of FPR2, which showed a positive correlation by Pearson correlation analysis. Ectopic FPR2 expression contributes to the migratory ability of EOCs, and a RhoA inhibitor (C3 transferase) impairs EOC migration. Furthermore, FPR2 stimulated the secretion of Th2 cytokines by EOCs, which induced macrophages to differentiate to the M2 phenotype, while a RhoA inhibitor stimulated the secretion of Th1 cytokines and induced macrophages to differentiate to the M1 phenotype. Moreover, compared with M1 macrophages and THP-1 cells, FPR2 and RhoA expression was significantly upregulated in M2 macrophages. CONCLUSION FPR2 stimulated M2 macrophage polarization and promoted invasion and metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through RhoA.
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MESH Headings
- ADP Ribose Transferases/pharmacology
- Animals
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Botulinum Toxins/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Humans
- Macrophages/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics
- Ovarian Neoplasms/immunology
- Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism
- Ovarian Neoplasms/pathology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/genetics
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Receptors, Lipoxin/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoxin/metabolism
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/genetics
- rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/metabolism
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xie
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan He
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Shi
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Peng XR, Wang Q, Wang HR, Hu K, Xiong WY, Qiu MH. FPR2-based anti-inflammatory and anti-lipogenesis activities of novel meroterpenoid dimers from Ganoderma. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105338. [PMID: 34521045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four pairs of novel meroterpenoid dimers, (±)-applandimeric acids A-D (1-4) with an unprecedented spiro[furo[3,2-b]benzofuran-3,2'-indene] core were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma applanatum. Their planar structures were unambiguously determined via extensive spectroscopic analysis. Their relative and absolute configurations were confirmed through calculated internuclear distance, coupling constant, 13C NMR with DP4 + analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD). Furthermore, the molecular docking-based method was used to evaluate their interaction with formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) associated with inflammation. Interestingly, (±)-applandimeric acid D (4) can bond with FPR2 by some key hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, an in vitro bioassay verified that 4 can inhibit the expression of FPR2 with IC50 value of 7.93 μM. In addition, compared to the positive control LiCl (20 mM), 4 showed comparable anti-lipogenesis activity at the concentration of 20 μM. Meanwhile, 4 can suppress the protein levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β (C/EBP-β), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) through activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Thus, our findings indicate that compound 4 could be a lead compound to treat obesity and obesity-related diseases by inhibiting lipid accumulation in adipocyte and alleviating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Rong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Yong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Araújo TG, Mota STS, Ferreira HSV, Ribeiro MA, Goulart LR, Vecchi L. Annexin A1 as a Regulator of Immune Response in Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:2245. [PMID: 34571894 PMCID: PMC8464935 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a 37 kDa phospholipid-binding protein that is expressed in many tissues and cell types, including leukocytes, lymphocytes and epithelial cells. Although Annexin A1 has been extensively studied for its anti-inflammatory activity, it has been shown that, in the cancer context, its activity switches from anti-inflammatory to pro-inflammatory. Remarkably, Annexin A1 shows pro-invasive and pro-tumoral properties in several cancers either by eliciting autocrine signaling in cancer cells or by inducing a favorable tumor microenvironment. Indeed, the signaling of the N-terminal peptide of AnxA1 has been described to promote the switching of macrophages to the pro-tumoral M2 phenotype. Moreover, AnxA1 has been described to prevent the induction of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response and to play an essential role in the induction of regulatory T lymphocytes. In this way, Annexin A1 inhibits the anti-tumor immunity and supports the formation of an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment that promotes tumor growth and metastasis. For these reasons, in this review we aim to describe the role of Annexin A1 in the establishment of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory activities of Annexin A1 and on its interaction with the epidermal growth factor receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaise Gonçalves Araújo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Sara Teixeira Soares Mota
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Helen Soares Valença Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Matheus Alves Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Patos de Minas 387400-128, MG, Brazil; (T.G.A.); (S.T.S.M.); (H.S.V.F.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Luiz Ricardo Goulart
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
| | - Lara Vecchi
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia 38400-902, MG, Brazil;
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11
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Sasaki K, Terker AS, Pan Y, Li Z, Cao S, Wang Y, Niu A, Wang S, Fan X, Zhang MZ, Harris RC. Deletion of Myeloid Interferon Regulatory Factor 4 (Irf4) in Mouse Model Protects against Kidney Fibrosis after Ischemic Injury by Decreased Macrophage Recruitment and Activation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1037-1052. [PMID: 33619052 PMCID: PMC8259665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020071010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AKI is characterized by abrupt and reversible kidney dysfunction, and incomplete recovery leads to chronic kidney injury. Previous studies by us and others have indicated that macrophage infiltration and polarization play key roles in recovery from AKI. The role in AKI recovery played by IFN regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), a mediator of polarization of macrophages to the M2 phenotype, is unclear. METHODS We used mice with myeloid or macrophage cell-specific deletion of Irf4 (MΦ Irf4-/- ) to evaluate Irf4's role in renal macrophage polarization and development of fibrosis after severe AKI. RESULTS Surprisingly, although macrophage Irf4 deletion had a minimal effect on early renal functional recovery from AKI, it resulted in decreased renal fibrosis 4 weeks after severe AKI, in association with less-activated macrophages. Macrophage Irf4 deletion also protected against renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) from MΦ Irf4-/- mice had diminished chemotactic responses to macrophage chemoattractants, with decreased activation of AKT and PI3 kinase and increased PTEN expression. PI3K and AKT inhibitors markedly decreased chemotaxis in wild-type BMDMs, and in a cultured macrophage cell line. There was significant inhibition of homing of labeled Irf4-/- BMDMs to postischemic kidneys. Renal macrophage infiltration in response to AKI was markedly decreased in MΦ Irf4-/- mice or in wild-type mice with inhibition of AKT activity. CONCLUSIONS Deletion of Irf4 from myeloid cells protected against development of tubulointerstitial fibrosis after severe ischemic renal injury in mice, due primarily to inhibition of AKT-mediated monocyte recruitment to the injured kidney and reduced activation and subsequent polarization into a profibrotic M2 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhilian Li
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shirong Cao
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yinqiu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Aolei Niu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Suwan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiaofeng Fan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ming-Zhi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee,Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Ammendola R, Parisi M, Esposito G, Cattaneo F. Pro-Resolving FPR2 Agonists Regulate NADPH Oxidase-Dependent Phosphorylation of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS and Activation of the Respective Upstream Kinases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10010134. [PMID: 33477989 PMCID: PMC7835750 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases, being activated either by pro-resolving or proinflammatory ligands. FPR2-associated signal transduction pathways result in phosphorylation of several proteins and in NADPH oxidase activation. We, herein, investigated molecular mechanisms underlying phosphorylation of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), oxidative stress responsive kinase 1 (OSR1), and myristolated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) elicited by the pro-resolving FPR2 agonists WKYMVm and annexin A1 (ANXA1). Methods: CaLu-6 cells or p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 double nickase CaLu-6 cells were incubated for 5 min with WKYMVm or ANXA1, in the presence or absence of NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Phosphorylation at specific serine residues of HSP27, OSR1, and MARCKS, as well as the respective upstream kinases activated by FPR2 stimulation was analysed. Results: Blockade of NADPH oxidase functions prevents WKYMVm- and ANXA1-induced HSP-27(Ser82), OSR1(Ser339) and MARCKS(Ser170) phosphorylation. Moreover, NADPH oxidase inhibitors prevent WKYMVm- and ANXA1-dependent activation of p38MAPK, PI3K and PKCδ, the kinases upstream to HSP-27, OSR1 and MARCKS, respectively. The same results were obtained in p22phoxCrispr/Cas9 cells. Conclusions: FPR2 shows an immunomodulatory role by regulating proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory activities and NADPH oxidase is a key regulator of inflammatory pathways. The activation of NADPH oxidase-dependent pro-resolving downstream signals suggests that FPR2 signalling and NADPH oxidase could represent novel targets for inflammation therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-746-2036; Fax: +39-081-746-4359
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13
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Alarmins and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112350. [PMID: 33114371 PMCID: PMC7693759 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the progression or secondary injury of multiple brain conditions, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Alarmins, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns, are released in the presence of neuroinflammation and in the acute phase of ischemia. Defensins, cathelicidin, high-mobility group box protein 1, S100 proteins, heat shock proteins, nucleic acids, histones, nucleosomes, and monosodium urate microcrystals are thought to be alarmins. They are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. Being principal sterile inflammation triggering agents, alarmins are considered biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They are recognized by host cells and prime the innate immune system toward cell death and distress. In stroke, alarmins act as mediators initiating the inflammatory response after the release from the cellular components of the infarct core and penumbra. Increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation may be involved in the mechanism of stress-induced release of alarmins. Putative crosstalk between the alarmin-associated pathways and JNK signaling seems to be inherently interwoven. This review outlines the role of alarmins/JNK-signaling in cerebral neurovascular inflammation and summarizes the complex response of cells to alarmins. Emerging anti-JNK and anti-alarmin drug treatment strategies are discussed.
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14
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Baranyai Z, Soria‐Carrera H, Alleva M, Millán‐Placer AC, Lucía A, Martín‐Rapún R, Aínsa JA, la Fuente JM. Nanotechnology‐Based Targeted Drug Delivery: An Emerging Tool to Overcome Tuberculosis. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Baranyai
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Héctor Soria‐Carrera
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Maria Alleva
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
| | - Ana C. Millán‐Placer
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
| | - Ainhoa Lucía
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Rafael Martín‐Rapún
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Departamento de Química Orgánica Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - José A. Aínsa
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Domingo Miral s/n Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS‐Aragón) Zaragoza 50009 Spain
- Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de Sistemas Complejos (BIFI) Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES) Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid 28029 Spain
| | - Jesús M. la Fuente
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA) CSIC–Universidad de Zaragoza C/ Mariano Esquillor s/n Zaragoza 50018 Spain
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER‐BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III CIBER de Bioingeniería Madrid 28029 Spain
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15
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Lind S, Dahlgren C, Holmdahl R, Olofsson P, Forsman H. Functional selective FPR1 signaling in favor of an activation of the neutrophil superoxide generating NOX2 complex. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 109:1105-1120. [PMID: 33040403 PMCID: PMC8246850 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2hi0520-317r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formyl peptide receptors FPR1 and FPR2 are abundantly expressed by neutrophils, in which they regulate proinflammatory tissue recruitment of inflammatory cells, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and resolution of inflammatory reactions. The unique dual functionality of the FPRs makes them attractive targets to develop FPR‐based therapeutics as novel anti‐inflammatory treatments. The small compound RE‐04‐001 has earlier been identified as an inducer of ROS in differentiated HL60 cells but the precise target and the mechanism of action of the compound was has until now not been elucidated. In this study, we reveal that RE‐04‐001 specifically targets and activates FPR1, and the concentrations needed to activate the neutrophil NADPH‐oxidase was very low (EC50 ∼1 nM). RE‐04‐001 was also found to be a neutrophil chemoattractant, but when compared to the prototype FPR1 agonist N‐formyl‐Met‐Leu‐Phe (fMLF), the concentrations required were comparably high, suggesting that signaling downstream of the RE‐04‐001‐activated‐FPR1 is functionally selective. In addition, the RE‐04‐001‐induced response was strongly biased toward the PLC‐PIP2‐Ca2+ pathway and ERK1/2 activation but away from β‐arrestin recruitment. Compared to the peptide agonist fMLF, RE‐04‐001 is more resistant to inactivation by the MPO‐H2O2‐halide system. In summary, this study describes RE‐04‐001 as a novel small molecule agonist specific for FPR1, which displays a biased signaling profile that leads to a functional selective activating of human neutrophils. RE‐04‐001 is, therefore, a useful tool, not only for further mechanistic studies of the regulatory role of FPR1 in inflammation in vitro and in vivo, but also for developing FPR1‐specific drug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Olofsson
- Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Cussell PJ, Gomez Escalada M, Milton NG, Paterson AW. The N-formyl peptide receptors: contemporary roles in neuronal function and dysfunction. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1191-1198. [PMID: 31960798 PMCID: PMC7047793 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.272566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) were first identified upon phagocytic leukocytes, but more than four decades of research has unearthed a plethora of non-myeloid roles for this receptor family. FPRs are expressed within neuronal tissues and markedly in the central nervous system, where FPR interactions with endogenous ligands have been implicated in the pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as neurological cancers such as neuroblastoma. Whilst the homeostatic function of FPRs in the nervous system is currently undefined, a variety of novel physiological roles for this receptor family in the neuronal context have been posited in both human and animal settings. Rapid developments in recent years have implicated FPRs in the process of neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation which, upon greater characterisation, could represent a novel pharmacological target for neuronal regeneration therapies that may be used in the treatment of brain/spinal cord injury, stroke and neurodegeneration. This review aims to summarize the recent progress made to determine the physiological role of FPRs in a neuronal setting, and to put forward a case for FPRs as a novel pharmacological target for conditions of the nervous system, and for their potential to open the door to novel neuronal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J.G. Cussell
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Margarita Gomez Escalada
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Nathaniel G.N. Milton
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew W.J. Paterson
- Centre for Biomedical Science Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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17
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Lohrmann F, Forde AJ, Merck P, Henneke P. Control of myeloid cell density in barrier tissues. FEBS J 2020; 288:405-426. [PMID: 32502309 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The interface between the mammalian host and its environment is formed by barrier tissues, for example, of the skin, and the respiratory and the intestinal tracts. On the one hand, barrier tissues are colonized by site-adapted microbial communities, and on the other hand, they contain specific myeloid cell networks comprising macrophages, dendritic cells, and granulocytes. These immune cells are tightly regulated in function and cell number, indicating important roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune balance in the presence of commensal microorganisms. The regulation of myeloid cell density and activation involves cell-autonomous 'single-loop circuits' including autocrine mechanisms. However, an array of microenvironmental factors originating from nonimmune cells and the microbiota, as well as the microanatomical structure, impose additional layers of regulation onto resident myeloid cells. This review discusses models integrating these factors into cell-specific programs to instruct differentiation and proliferation best suited for the maintenance and renewal of immune homeostasis in the tissue-specific environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florens Lohrmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,IMM-PACT Clinician Scientist Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Aaron J Forde
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, university of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Merck
- Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Henneke
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany.,Institute for Immunodeficiency (IFI), Faculty of Medicine, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Germany
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18
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Annunziata MC, Parisi M, Esposito G, Fabbrocini G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Phosphorylation Sites in Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Regulated by Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113818. [PMID: 32471307 PMCID: PMC7312799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3 are members of Formyl Peptides Receptors (FPRs) family belonging to the GPCR superfamily. FPR2 is a low affinity receptor for formyl peptides and it is considered the most promiscuous member of this family. Intracellular signaling cascades triggered by FPRs include the activation of different protein kinases and phosphatase, as well as tyrosine kinase receptors transactivation. Protein kinases and phosphatases act coordinately and any impairment of their activation or regulation represents one of the most common causes of several human diseases. Several phospho-sites has been identified in protein kinases and phosphatases, whose role may be to expand the repertoire of molecular mechanisms of regulation or may be necessary for fine-tuning of switch properties. We previously performed a phospho-proteomic analysis in FPR2-stimulated cells that revealed, among other things, not yet identified phospho-sites on six protein kinases and one protein phosphatase. Herein, we discuss on the selective phosphorylation of Serine/Threonine-protein kinase N2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PRP4 homolog, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase MARK2, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase PAK4, Serine/Threonine-protein kinase 10, Dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2, and Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 14A, triggered by FPR2 stimulation. We also describe the putative FPR2-dependent signaling cascades upstream to these specific phospho-sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmela Annunziata
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Melania Parisi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.C.A.); (M.P.); (G.F.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (R.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Fax: +39-081-7464-359
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19
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Whole transcriptome analysis and validation of metabolic pathways in subcutaneous adipose tissues during FGF21-induced weight loss in non-human primates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7287. [PMID: 32350364 PMCID: PMC7190698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) induces weight loss in mouse, monkey, and human studies. In mice, FGF21 is thought to cause weight loss by stimulating thermogenesis, but whether FGF21 increases energy expenditure (EE) in primates is unclear. Here, we explore the transcriptional response and gene networks active in adipose tissue of rhesus macaques following FGF21-induced weight loss. Genes related to thermogenesis responded inconsistently to FGF21 treatment and weight loss. However, expression of gene modules involved in triglyceride (TG) synthesis and adipogenesis decreased, and this was associated with greater weight loss. Conversely, expression of innate immune cell markers was increased post-treatment and was associated with greater weight loss. A lipogenesis gene module associated with weight loss was evaluated by testing the function of member genes in mice. Overexpression of NRG4 reduced weight gain in diet-induced obese mice, while overexpression of ANGPTL8 resulted in elevated TG levels in lean mice. These observations provide evidence for a shifting balance of lipid storage and metabolism due to FGF21-induced weight loss in the non-human primate model, and do not fully recapitulate increased EE seen in rodent and in vitro studies. These discrepancies may reflect inter-species differences or complex interplay of FGF21 activity and counter-regulatory mechanisms.
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20
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Cussell PJG, Howe MS, Illingworth TA, Gomez Escalada M, Milton NGN, Paterson AWJ. The formyl peptide receptor agonist FPRa14 induces differentiation of Neuro2a mouse neuroblastoma cells into multiple distinct morphologies which can be specifically inhibited with FPR antagonists and FPR knockdown using siRNA. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217815. [PMID: 31170199 PMCID: PMC6553754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) have been identified within neuronal tissues and may serve as yet undetermined functions within the nervous system. The FPRs have been implicated in the progression and invasiveness of neuroblastoma and other cancers. In this study the effects of the synthetic FPR agonist FPRa14, FPR antagonists and FPR knockdown using siRNA on mouse neuroblastoma neuro2a (N2a) cell differentiation plus toxicity were examined. The FPRa14 (1-10μM) was found to induce a significant dose-dependent differentiation response in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. Interestingly, three distinct differentiated morphologies were observed, with two non-archetypal forms observed at the higher FPRa14 concentrations. These three forms were also observed in the human neuroblastoma cell-lines IMR-32 and SH-SY5Y when exposed to 100μM FPRa14. In N2a cells combined knockdown of FPR1 and FPR2 using siRNA inhibited the differentiation response to FPRa14, suggesting involvement of both receptor subtypes. Pre-incubating N2a cultures with the FPR1 antagonists Boc-MLF and cyclosporin H significantly reduced FPRa14-induced differentiation to near baseline levels. Meanwhile, the FPR2 antagonist WRW4 had no significant effect on FPRa14-induced N2a differentiation. These results suggest that the N2a differentiation response observed has an FPR1-dependent component. Toxicity of FPRa14 was only observed at higher concentrations. All three antagonists used blocked FPRa14-induced toxicity, whilst only siRNA knockdown of FPR2 reduced toxicity. This suggests that the toxicity and differentiation involve different mechanisms. The demonstration of neuronal differentiation mediated via FPRs in this study represents a significant finding and suggests a role for FPRs in the CNS. This finding could potentially lead to novel therapies for a range of neurological conditions including neuroblastoma, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and neuropathic pain. Furthermore, this could represent a potential avenue for neuronal regeneration therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. G. Cussell
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S. Howe
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Illingworth
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nathaniel G. N. Milton
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. J. Paterson
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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21
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Chen X, Zhuo S, Zhu T, Yao P, Yang M, Mei H, Li N, Ma F, Wang JM, Chen S, Ye RD, Li Y, Le Y. Fpr2 Deficiency Alleviates Diet-Induced Insulin Resistance Through Reducing Body Weight Gain and Inhibiting Inflammation Mediated by Macrophage Chemotaxis and M1 Polarization. Diabetes 2019; 68:1130-1142. [PMID: 30862681 PMCID: PMC6905484 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and related inflammation are critical for the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) plays important roles in host immune responses and inflammation-related diseases. We found that Fpr2 expression was elevated in the white adipose tissue of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and db/db mice. The systemic deletion of Fpr2 alleviated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, Fpr2 deletion in HFD-fed mice elevated body temperature, reduced fat mass, and inhibited inflammation by reducing macrophage infiltration and M1 polarization in metabolic tissues. Bone marrow transplantations between wild-type and Fpr2-/- mice and myeloid-specific Fpr2 deletion demonstrated that Fpr2-expressing myeloid cells exacerbated HFD-induced obesity, insulin resistance, glucose/lipid metabolic disturbances, and inflammation. Mechanistic studies revealed that Fpr2 deletion in HFD-fed mice enhanced energy expenditure probably through increasing thermogenesis in skeletal muscle; serum amyloid A3 and other factors secreted by adipocytes induced macrophage chemotaxis via Fpr2; and Fpr2 deletion suppressed macrophage chemotaxis and lipopolysaccharide-, palmitate-, and interferon-γ-induced macrophage M1 polarization through blocking their signals. Altogether, our studies demonstrate that myeloid Fpr2 plays critical roles in obesity and related metabolic disorders via regulating muscle energy expenditure, macrophage chemotaxis, and M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu Zhuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengfei Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengle Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmei Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengguang Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji Ming Wang
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD
| | - Shiting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard D Ye
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Le
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
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22
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Shao G, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Jin Y, Fu C. Advancements of Annexin A1 in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:3245-3254. [PMID: 31118675 PMCID: PMC6500875 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s202271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Annexin A1 is a Ca2+-dependent phospholipid binding protein involved in a variety of pathophysiological processes. Accumulated evidence has indicated that Annexin A1 has important functions in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metastasis, and inflammatory response. Moreover, the abnormal expression of Annexin A1 is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors. In this review article, we focus on the structure and function of Annexin A1 protein, especially the recent evidence of Annexin A1 in the pathophysiological role of inflammatory and cancer. This summary will be very important for further investigation of the pathophysiological role of Annexin A1 and for the development of novel therapeutics of inflammatory and cancer based on targeting Annexin A1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Shao
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanwei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou 311201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanting Jin
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiyun Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, People's Republic of China
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23
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Lind S, Gabl M, Holdfeldt A, Mårtensson J, Sundqvist M, Nishino K, Dahlgren C, Mukai H, Forsman H. Identification of Residues Critical for FPR2 Activation by the Cryptic Peptide Mitocryptide-2 Originating from the Mitochondrial DNA-Encoded Cytochrome b. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:2710-2719. [PMID: 30902901 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Similar to bacteria, synthesis of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins requires an N-formylated methionine to initiate translation. Thus, the N-formylated methionine peptides originating from mitochondria should be recognized as danger signals. To date, only one such peptide, denoted as mitocryptide-2 (MCT-2), originating from the N-terminal of the mitochondrial cytochrome b, has been isolated from mammalian tissues. Human neutrophils express FPR1 and FPR2 that detect formyl peptides, and the precise structural determinants for receptor recognition remain to be elucidated. MCT-2 is known to activate neutrophils through FPR2 but not FPR1. The aim of this study was to elucidate the structural determinants of importance for receptor preference and human neutrophil activation in MCT-2 by generating a series of MCT-2 variants. We show that there is an absolute requirement for the N-formyl group and the side chain of Met1 at position 1 of MCT-2 but also the C terminus is of importance for MCT-2 activity. We also uncovered individual side chains that positively contribute to MCT-2 activity as well as those suppressed in the response. The MCT-2 peptide and its two polymorphic variants ([Thr7]MCT-2 and [Ser8]MCT-2) all activated neutrophils, but MCT-2 containing Ile7 and Asn8 was the most potent. We also show that some peptide variants displayed a biased FPR2-signaling property related to NADPH oxidase activation and β-arrestin recruitment, respectively. In conclusion, we disclose several critical elements in MCT-2 that are required for neutrophil activation and disclose structural insights into how FPR2 recognition of this mitochondrial DNA-derived peptide may increase our understanding of the role of FPR2 in aseptic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - André Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Kodai Nishino
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Hidehito Mukai
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga 526-0829, Japan
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
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24
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Vellaisamy K, Li G, Wang W, Leung CH, Ma DL. A long-lived peptide-conjugated iridium(iii) complex as a luminescent probe and inhibitor of the cell migration mediator, formyl peptide receptor 2. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8171-8177. [PMID: 30568767 PMCID: PMC6256120 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02733a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors play important biological and therapeutic roles in wound repair and inflammatory diseases. In this work, we present a luminescent iridium(iii) complex (6) conjugated with the peptide agonist WKYMVm as a luminescent formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) imaging probe in living cells. Complex 6 displayed ideal cell imaging characteristics, high photostability and low cytotoxicity. Competition assays with a known FPR2 antagonist, WRW4, and siRNA knockdown experiments both revealed that complex 6 selectively targeted FPR2 in living HUVEC cells. Moreover, complex 6 regulated FPR2 signalling in HUVEC cells as shown using a mechanical scratch assay. Finally, complex 6 reduced epithelial cell migration capacity and inhibited lipoxin A4 (LXA4)-triggered cell migration in HUVEC cells, demonstrating the ability of this complex to inhibit FPR2 in living cells. To our knowledge, this is the first long-lived probe for imaging FPR2 in living cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasipandi Vellaisamy
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Guodong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Wanhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
| | - Chung-Hang Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine , Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences , University of Macau , Macao , China .
| | - Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong Baptist University , Kowloon Tong , Hong Kong , China .
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25
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Park YJ, Park B, Lee M, Jeong YS, Lee HY, Sohn DH, Song JJ, Lee JH, Hwang JS, Bae YS. A novel antimicrobial peptide acting via formyl peptide receptor 2 shows therapeutic effects against rheumatoid arthritis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14664. [PMID: 30279454 PMCID: PMC6168567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32963-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In oriental medicine, centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans has long been used as a remedy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a well-known chronic autoimmune disorder. However, the molecular identities of its bioactive components have not yet been extensively investigated. We sought to identify bioactive molecules that control RA with a centipede. A novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) (scolopendrasin IX) was identified from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Scolopendrasin IX markedly activated mouse neutrophils, by enhancing cytosolic calcium increase, chemotactic cellular migration, and generation of superoxide anion in neutrophils. As a target receptor for scolopendrasin IX, formyl peptide receptor (FPR)2 mediates neutrophil activation induced by the AMP. Furthermore, scolopendrasin IX administration strongly blocked the clinical phenotype of RA in an autoantibody-injected model. Mechanistically, the novel AMP inhibited inflammatory cytokine synthesis from the joints and neutrophil recruitment into the joint area. Collectively, we suggest that scolopendrasin IX is a novel potential therapeutic agent for the control of RA via FPR2.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/pharmacology
- Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Antirheumatic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/blood
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthropods
- Autoantibodies/administration & dosage
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Humans
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Insect Proteins/chemical synthesis
- Insect Proteins/pharmacology
- Insect Proteins/therapeutic use
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Neutrophils/drug effects
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/immunology
- Receptors, Formyl Peptide/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Byunghyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, 50612, Korea
| | - Jason Jungsik Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Joon Ha Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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26
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McGarry T, Biniecka M, Veale DJ, Fearon U. Hypoxia, oxidative stress and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 125:15-24. [PMID: 29601945 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory Arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and leukocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. Efficiency of oxygen supply to the synovium is poor due to the highly dysregulated synovial microvasculature. This along with the increased energy demands of activated infiltrating immune cells and inflamed resident cells leads to an hypoxic microenvironment and mitochondrial dysfunction. This favors an increase of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative damage which further promotes inflammation. In this adverse microenvironment synovial cells adapt to generate energy and switch their cell metabolism from a resting regulatory state to a highly metabolically active state which allows them to produce essential building blocks to support their proliferation. This metabolic shift results in the accumulation of metabolic intermediates which act as signaling molecules that further dictate the inflammatory response. Understanding the complex interplay between hypoxia-induced signaling pathways, oxidative stress and mitochondrial function will provide better insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy McGarry
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monika Biniecka
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Douglas J Veale
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, Dublin Academic Medical Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ursula Fearon
- The Department of Molecular Rheumatology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
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27
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Formyl peptide receptor activation inhibits the expansion of effector T cells and synovial fibroblasts and attenuates joint injury in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:140-149. [PMID: 29879657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) on effector T cells and inflammation-causing tissue-resident cells are not well known. Here, we explored the effect of FPR activation on efferent T cell responses in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Compound 43 (Cpd43; FPR1/2 agonist) was administered to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) after disease onset. Joint inflammation/damage and immunity were assessed. FLS were cultured with Cpd43 to test its effects on cell apoptosis and proliferation. To explore the effects of endogenous FPR2 ligands on FLS proliferation, FLS FPR2 was blocked or Annexin A1 (AnxA1) expression silenced. Cpd43 reduced arthritis severity in both models. In CIA, Cpd43 decreased CD4 T cell proliferation and survival and increased the production of the protective cytokine, IFNγ, in lymph nodes. In AIA, Cpd43 increased CD4 apoptosis and production of the anti-inflammatory IL-4, while augmenting the proportion of splenic regulatory T cells and their expression of IL-2Rα. In both models, Cpd43 increased CD4 IL-17A production, without affecting humoral immunity. FPR2 inhibitors reversed Cpd43-mediated effects on AIA and T cell immunity. Cpd43 decreased TNF-induced FLS proliferation and augmented FLS apoptosis in association with intracellular FPR2 accumulation, while endogenous AnxA1 and FPR2 reduced FLS proliferation via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Overall, FPR activation inhibits the expansion of arthritogenic effector CD4 T cells and FLS, and reduces joint injury in experimental arthritis. This suggests the therapeutic potential of FPR ligation for the treatment of RA.
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28
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Correspondence: Compound 17b and formyl peptide receptor biased agonism in relation to cardioprotective effects in ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Nat Commun 2018; 9:531. [PMID: 29416027 PMCID: PMC5803208 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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29
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Winther M, Dahlgren C, Forsman H. Formyl Peptide Receptors in Mice and Men: Similarities and Differences in Recognition of Conventional Ligands and Modulating Lipopeptides. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 122:191-198. [PMID: 28881079 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The pattern recognition formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest group of cell surface receptors involved in a range of physiological processes and pathologies. The FPRs have regulatory function in the initiation as well as resolution of inflammatory reactions, making them highly interesting as targets for drug development. Recent research in the GPCR/FPR fields has uncovered novel receptor biology concepts, including biased signalling/functional selectivity, allosteric modulation, receptor reactivation and receptor cross-talk. When it comes to allosteric modulators, 'tailor-made' lipopeptides (pepducins and lipopeptoids) represent a novel concept of GPCR/FPR regulation. This MiniReview is focused on the basis for recognition of conventional ligands and immunomodulating lipopeptides, novel allosteric modulators for the FPRs, receptors that are highly expressed by both human and mouse neutrophils. The FPRs play key roles in host defence against microbial infections, tissue homeostasis and the initiation as well as resolution of inflammation but there are both similarities and differences in ligand recognition between mice and men. Thus, identification and functional characterization of activating and inhibiting ligands should provide insights into future design of FPR-based animal models of human diseases and development of therapeutics for treating inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malene Winther
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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30
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Xie X, Yang M, Ding Y, Yu L, Chen J. Formyl peptide receptor 2 expression predicts poor prognosis and promotes invasion and metastasis in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:3297-3308. [PMID: 29039544 PMCID: PMC5783575 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.6034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) has been identified as a member of the G protein-coupled chemoattractant receptor (GPCR) family and has been implicated as playing a role in both inflammation and cancer development. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has been suggested to be correlated with both infectious and non-infectious inflammation. To date, the role of FPR2 in EOC remains poorly understood and controversial. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential of FPR2 in regulating EOC. We performed immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR to analyzed expression of FPR2 in EOC tissues and the correlation between FPR2 and EOC clinicopathological characteristics as well as prognosis were also analyzed. To test the role of FPR2 in EOC cell migration, we established FPR2-knockdown SKOV3 cells and performed wound-healing, Transwell and angiogenesis assays to detect the metastatic potential of these EOC cells. Our studies found that FPR2 was overexpressed in EOC tissues and was positively correlated with EOC clinicopathological characteristics including the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histological grade and ovarian cancer type. Survival analyses suggested that FPR2 overexpression indicated the poorer prognosis of EOC patients and FPR2 may act as an independent risk factor for EOC prognosis. FPR2 knockdown decreased the migration potential of the ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, serum amyloid A (SAA) may stimulate the migration of SKOV3 cells through FPR2. The present study suggested that FPR2 promoted the invasion and metastasis of EOC and it could be a prognostic marker for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Mengyuan Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yiling Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ling Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Jianlin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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Park YJ, Kim HS, Lee HY, Hwang JS, Bae YS. A novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans stimulates neutrophil activity through formyl peptide receptor 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:352-357. [PMID: 28988115 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we identified scolopendrasin X, a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP), from centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. Scolopendrasin X strongly stimulated mouse neutrophils, resulting in intracellular calcium increase, chemotactic migration through pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein and phospholipase C pathway, and increased superoxide anion production in neutrophils. Target receptor for scolopendrasin X, formyl peptide receptor (FPR)2 mediated scolopendrasin X-induced neutrophil activation. Moreover, scolopendrasin X significantly blocked inflammatory cytokine production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse neutrophils. Taken together, our results suggest that the novel AMP scolopendrasin X can be used as a material to regulate neutrophil activity through FPR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Jung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Sik Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sam Hwang
- Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea.
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Skvortsov SS, Gabdoulkhakova AG. Formyl peptide receptor polymorphisms: 27 most possible ways for phagocyte dysfunction. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:426-437. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917040034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee HY, Lee M, Bae YS. Formyl Peptide Receptors in Cellular Differentiation and Inflammatory Diseases. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1300-1307. [PMID: 28075050 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of classical chemoattractant receptors. Although FPRs are mainly expressed in phagocytic innate immune cells including monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, recent reports demonstrated that additional different cell types such as T-lymphocytes and several non-immune cells also express functional FPRs. FPRs were first reported as a specific receptor to detect bacteria-derived N-formyl peptides. However, accumulating evidence has shown that FPRs can recognize various ligands derived from pathogens, mitochondria, and host. This review summarizes studies on some interesting endogenous agonists for FPRs. Here, we discuss functional roles of FPRs and their ligands concerning the regulation of cellular differentiation focusing on myeloid lineage cells. Accumulating evidence also suggests that FPRs may contribute to the control of inflammatory diseases. Here, we briefly review the current understanding of the functional role of FPRs and their ligands in inflammatory disorders in some animal disease models. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1300-1307, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Young Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
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Lipp P, Ruhnau J, Lange A, Vogelgesang A, Dressel A, Heckmann M. Less Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Term Newborns than in Adults. Neonatology 2017; 111:182-188. [PMID: 27884010 DOI: 10.1159/000452615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Newborns are prone to infections, which are independent predictors of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are structures composed of chromatin and antimicrobial molecules that capture and kill pathogens. NETs may play an important role in the innate immune system and, thus, might be associated with impaired neonatal immune function. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare NET formation between term neonates and healthy adults. We additionally investigated the effects of gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, gender, and perinatal infections. METHODS We collected cord blood from 57 term infants (mean gestational age, 39.1 weeks) and 9 late preterm infants (35 weeks), and peripheral blood from 18 healthy adult donors. Neutrophils were isolated, and then NET formation was induced using three different stimulants: N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), or lipopolysaccharide. NETs were immunohistochemically stained and analyzed with regard to NET percentage and NET area. RESULTS With all three stimuli, healthy term infants showed a lower NET percentage than the adult control group (p < 0.0001 each). The groups also differed in NET area, but the significance level was lower. Following PMA stimulation, we observed greater reductions in NET percentage and NET area in preterm than term infants. CONCLUSIONS The lower NET formation observed in term infants compared to adults likely contributes to the reduced neonatal immune response. NET formation appeared to be even further decreased in late preterm neonates. There remains a need for further investigations of NET formation in more immature preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lipp
- Department of Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive Care, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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The Evolution of Human Basophil Biology from Neglect towards Understanding of Their Immune Functions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8232830. [PMID: 28078302 PMCID: PMC5204076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8232830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Being discovered long ago basophils have been neglected for more than a century. During the past decade evidence emerged that basophils share features of innate and adaptive immunity. Nowadays, basophils are best known for their striking effector role in the allergic reaction. They hence have been used for establishing new diagnostic tests and therapeutic approaches and for characterizing natural and recombinant allergens as well as hypoallergens, which display lower or diminished IgE-binding activity. However, it was a long way from discovery in 1879 until identification of their function in hypersensitivity reactions, including adverse drug reactions. Starting with a historical background, this review highlights the modern view on basophil biology.
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Sena AAS, Glavan T, Jiang G, Sankaran-Walters S, Grishina I, Dandekar S, Goulart LR. Divergent Annexin A1 expression in periphery and gut is associated with systemic immune activation and impaired gut immune response during SIV infection. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31157. [PMID: 27484833 PMCID: PMC4971494 DOI: 10.1038/srep31157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 disease progression is paradoxically characterized by systemic chronic immune activation and gut mucosal immune dysfunction, which is not fully defined. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), an inflammation modulator, is a potential link between systemic inflammation and gut immune dysfunction during the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Gene expression of ANXA1 and cytokines were assessed in therapy-naïve rhesus macaques during early and chronic stages of SIV infection and compared with SIV-negative controls. ANXA1 expression was suppressed in the gut but systemically increased during early infection. Conversely, ANXA1 expression increased in both compartments during chronic infection. ANXA1 expression in peripheral blood was positively correlated with HLA-DR+CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell frequencies, and negatively associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and CCR5. In contrast, the gut mucosa presented an anergic cytokine profile in relation to ANXA1 expression. In vitro stimulations with ANXA1 peptide resulted in decreased inflammatory response in PBMC but increased activation of gut lymphocytes. Our findings suggest that ANXA1 signaling is dysfunctional in SIV infection, and may contribute to chronic inflammation in periphery and with immune dysfunction in the gut mucosa. Thus, ANXA1 signaling may be a novel therapeutic target for the resolution of immune dysfunction in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela A S Sena
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Glavan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Guochun Jiang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sumathi Sankaran-Walters
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Irina Grishina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Satya Dandekar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Luiz R Goulart
- Institute of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG, Brazil.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Hypoxia, mitochondrial dysfunction and synovial invasiveness in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 12:385-97. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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38
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Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is a Ca(2+)-regulated phospholipid-binding protein involved in various cell processes. ANXA1 was initially widely studied in inflammation resolution, but its overexpression was later reported in a large number of cancers. Further in-depth investigations have revealed that this protein could have many roles in cancer progression and act at different levels (from cancer initiation to metastasis). This is partly due to the location of ANXA1 in different cell compartments. ANXA1 can be nuclear, cytoplasmic and/or membrane associated. This last location allows ANXA1 to be proteolytically cleaved and/or to become accessible to its cognate partners, the formyl-peptide receptors. Indeed, in some cancers, ANXA1 is found at the cell surface, where it stimulates formyl-peptide receptors to trigger oncogenic pathways. In the present review, we look at the different locations of ANXA1 and their association with the deregulated pathways often observed in cancers. We have specifically detailed the non-classic pathways of ANXA1 externalization, the significance of its cleavage and the role of the ANXA1-formyl-peptide receptor complex in cancer progression.
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Development of therapeutic antibodies to G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels: Opportunities, challenges and their therapeutic potential in respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 169:113-123. [PMID: 27153991 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The development of recombinant antibody therapeutics continues to be a significant area of growth in the pharmaceutical industry with almost 50 approved monoclonal antibodies on the market in the US and Europe. Therapeutic drug targets such as soluble cytokines, growth factors and single transmembrane spanning receptors have been successfully targeted by recombinant monoclonal antibodies and the development of new product candidates continues. Despite this growth, however, certain classes of important disease targets have remained intractable to therapeutic antibodies due to the complexity of the target molecules. These complex target molecules include G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels which represent a large target class for therapeutic intervention with monoclonal antibodies. Although these targets have typically been addressed by small molecule approaches, the exquisite specificity of antibodies provides a significant opportunity to provide selective modulation of these important regulators of cell function. Given this opportunity, a significant effort has been applied to address the challenges of targeting these complex molecules and a number of targets are linked to the pathophysiology of respiratory diseases. In this review, we provide a summary of the importance of GPCRs and ion channels involved in respiratory disease and discuss advantages offered by antibodies as therapeutics at these targets. We highlight some recent GPCRs and ion channels linked to respiratory disease mechanisms and describe in detail recent progress made in the strategies for discovery of functional antibodies against challenging membrane protein targets such as GPCRs and ion channels.
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40
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Vacchelli E, Ma Y, Baracco EE, Sistigu A, Enot DP, Pietrocola F, Yang H, Adjemian S, Chaba K, Semeraro M, Signore M, De Ninno A, Lucarini V, Peschiaroli F, Businaro L, Gerardino A, Manic G, Ulas T, Gunther P, Schultze JL, Kepp O, Stoll G, Lefebvre C, Mulot C, Castoldi F, Rusakiewicz S, Ladoire S, Apetoh L, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Lucattelli M, Delarasse C, Boige V, Ducreux M, Delaloge S, Borg C, Andre F, Schiavoni G, Vitale I, Laurent-Puig P, Mattei F, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Chemotherapy-induced antitumor immunity requires formyl peptide receptor 1. Science 2015; 350:972-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Prevete N, Liotti F, Marone G, Melillo RM, de Paulis A. Formyl peptide receptors at the interface of inflammation, angiogenesis and tumor growth. Pharmacol Res 2015; 102:184-91. [PMID: 26466865 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that regulate innate immune responses. Three FPRs have been identified in humans: FPR1-FPR3. FPR expression was initially described in immune cells and subsequently in non-hematopoietic cells and certain tissues. Besides their involvement in inflammatory disorders, FPRs have been implicated in the regulation of tissue repair and angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is not only a key component of pathogen defence during acute infection and of chronic inflammatory disorders, but also plays a critical role in wound healing and tissue regeneration. Moreover, pathologic uncontrolled angiogenesis is central for tumour growth, progression, and the formation of metastases. In this review, we summarise the evidence for a central role of FPRs at the intersection between inflammation, physiologic angiogenesis and pathologic neovascularisation linked to cancer. These findings provide insights into the potential clinical relevance of new treatment regimens involving FPR modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Liotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Marina Melillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology (DMMBM), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS) "G. Salvatore", CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Amato de Paulis
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences (DiSMeT), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunologic Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Douthwaite JA, Sridharan S, Huntington C, Hammersley J, Marwood R, Hakulinen JK, Ek M, Sjögren T, Rider D, Privezentzev C, Seaman JC, Cariuk P, Knights V, Young J, Wilkinson T, Sleeman M, Finch DK, Lowe DC, Vaughan TJ. Affinity maturation of a novel antagonistic human monoclonal antibody with a long VH CDR3 targeting the Class A GPCR formyl-peptide receptor 1. MAbs 2015; 7:152-66. [PMID: 25484051 PMCID: PMC4622665 DOI: 10.4161/19420862.2014.985158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are desirable for intervention in a wide range of disease processes. The discovery of such antibodies is challenging due to a lack of stability of many GPCRs as purified proteins. We describe here the generation of Fpro0165, a human anti-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) antibody generated by variable domain engineering of an antibody derived by immunization of transgenic mice expressing human variable region genes. Antibody isolation and subsequent engineering of affinity, potency and species cross-reactivity using phage display were achieved using FPR1 expressed on HEK cells for immunization and selection, along with calcium release cellular assays for antibody screening. Fpro0165 shows full neutralization of formyl peptide-mediated activation of primary human neutrophils. A crystal structure of the Fpro0165 Fab shows a long, protruding VH CDR3 of 24 amino acids and in silico docking with a homology model of FPR1 suggests that this long VH CDR3 is critical to the predicted binding mode of the antibody. Antibody mutation studies identify the apex of the long VH CDR3 as key to mediating the species cross-reactivity profile of the antibody. This study illustrates an approach for antibody discovery and affinity engineering to typically intractable membrane proteins such as GPCRs.
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Key Words
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- FLIPR, Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader
- FMAT, fluorometric microvolume assay technology
- FPR, formyl peptide receptor
- Fv, variable domain
- G-protein coupled receptor
- GPCR, G-protein coupled receptor
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- MPL, magnetic proteoliposome
- RIMMS, repetitive immunization at multiple sites
- VH, variable heavy
- VL, variable light
- affinity maturation
- antibody crystal structure
- antibody engineering
- formyl peptide receptor-1
- homology modeling
- long CDR
- phage display
- scFv, single chain Fv fragment
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Balasubramanian K, Maeda A, Lee JS, Mohammadyani D, Dar HH, Jiang JF, St Croix CM, Watkins S, Tyurin VA, Tyurina YY, Klöditz K, Polimova A, Kapralova VI, Xiong Z, Ray P, Klein-Seetharaman J, Mallampalli RK, Bayir H, Fadeel B, Kagan VE. Dichotomous roles for externalized cardiolipin in extracellular signaling: Promotion of phagocytosis and attenuation of innate immunity. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra95. [PMID: 26396268 PMCID: PMC4760701 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aaa6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Among the distinct molecular signatures present in the mitochondrion is the tetra-acylated anionic phospholipid cardiolipin, a lipid also present in primordial, single-cell bacterial ancestors of mitochondria and multiple bacterial species today. Cardiolipin is normally localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane; however, when cardiolipin becomes externalized to the surface of dysregulated mitochondria, it promotes inflammasome activation and stimulates the elimination of damaged or nonfunctional mitochondria by mitophagy. Given the immunogenicity of mitochondrial and bacterial membranes that are released during sterile and pathogen-induced trauma, we hypothesized that cardiolipins might function as "eat me" signals for professional phagocytes. In experiments with macrophage cell lines and primary macrophages, we found that membranes with mitochondrial or bacterial cardiolipins on their surface were engulfed through phagocytosis, which depended on the scavenger receptor CD36. Distinct from this process, the copresentation of cardiolipin with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) agonist lipopolysaccharide dampened TLR4-stimulated production of cytokines. These data suggest that externalized, extracellular cardiolipins play a dual role in host-host and host-pathogen interactions by promoting phagocytosis and attenuating inflammatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakumar Balasubramanian
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
| | - Akihiro Maeda
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Dariush Mohammadyani
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Haider Hussain Dar
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jian Fei Jiang
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Vladimir A Tyurin
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Katharina Klöditz
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Anastassia Polimova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Valentyna I Kapralova
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Prabir Ray
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA 15215, USA
| | - Hülya Bayir
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA. Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden.
| | - Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Bandurska K, Berdowska A, Barczyńska-Felusiak R, Krupa P. Unique features of human cathelicidin LL-37. Biofactors 2015; 41:289-300. [PMID: 26434733 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cathelicidins are antimicrobial peptides produced by humans and animals in response to various pathogenic microbes. This review intends to provide a brief overview of the expression, structure, properties and function of human cathelicidin LL-37 which may be a therapeutic agent against a variety of bacterial and viral diseases, cancers, and hard-to-heal wounds. Cathelicidins act as a primary defense against bacteria and other pathogens in the case of inflammation. They are able to kill bacteria and fungi, inhibit and destroy bacterial biofilms, and possess antiviral and antiparasitics properties. They can also play a role in angiogenesis, wound healing, and the regulation of apoptosis. The host defense peptide LL-37 has emerged as a novel modulator of tumor growth and metastasis in carcinogenesis of various types of cancers. LL-37 is an antimicrobial peptide able of inducing various effects. It acts as an anti- and pro- inflammatory factor. Cathelicidins are able to directly and selectively destroy membranes of various microbes and cancer cells, but they do not attack normal cells. The role of cathelicidins in cancer is double-sided. They play an important role in killing cancer cells and may provide a new possibility for the development of cancer therapeutics. However, they also can participate in carcinogenesis. Due to its activity spectrum LL-37 could be applied in pharmacotherapy. Cathelicidin peptides could serve as a template for the development of modern anti-microbial and anti-viral drugs. LL-37 is an excellent candidate to develop into therapeutics for infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bandurska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Berdowska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Krupa
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jan Dlugosz University in Czestochowa, Czestochowa, Poland
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Rossi FW, Napolitano F, Pesapane A, Mascolo M, Staibano S, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S, Ragno P, di Spigna G, Postiglione L, Marone G, Montuori N, de Paulis A. Upregulation of the N-Formyl Peptide Receptors in Scleroderma Fibroblasts Fosters the Switch to Myofibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5161-73. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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46
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Katsnelson MA, Rucker LG, Russo HM, Dubyak GR. K+ efflux agonists induce NLRP3 inflammasome activation independently of Ca2+ signaling. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:3937-52. [PMID: 25762778 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Perturbation of intracellular ion homeostasis is a major cellular stress signal for activation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling that results in caspase-1-mediated production of IL-1β and pyroptosis. However, the relative contributions of decreased cytosolic K(+) concentration versus increased cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]) remain disputed and incompletely defined. We investigated roles for elevated cytosolic [Ca(2+)] in NLRP3 activation and downstream inflammasome signaling responses in primary murine dendritic cells and macrophages in response to two canonical NLRP3 agonists (ATP and nigericin) that facilitate primary K(+) efflux by mechanistically distinct pathways or the lysosome-destabilizing agonist Leu-Leu-O-methyl ester. The study provides three major findings relevant to this unresolved area of NLRP3 regulation. First, increased cytosolic [Ca(2+)] was neither a necessary nor sufficient signal for the NLRP3 inflammasome cascade during activation by endogenous ATP-gated P2X7 receptor channels, the exogenous bacterial ionophore nigericin, or the lysosomotropic agent Leu-Leu-O-methyl ester. Second, agonists for three Ca(2+)-mobilizing G protein-coupled receptors (formyl peptide receptor, P2Y2 purinergic receptor, and calcium-sensing receptor) expressed in murine dendritic cells were ineffective as activators of rapidly induced NLRP3 signaling when directly compared with the K(+) efflux agonists. Third, the intracellular Ca(2+) buffer, BAPTA, and the channel blocker, 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, widely used reagents for disruption of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling pathways, strongly suppressed nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome signaling via mechanisms dissociated from their canonical or expected effects on Ca(2+) homeostasis. The results indicate that the ability of K(+) efflux agonists to activate NLRP3 inflammasome signaling can be dissociated from changes in cytosolic [Ca(2+)] as a necessary or sufficient signal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Graham Rucker
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210; and
| | - Hana M Russo
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
| | - George R Dubyak
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106
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Malki A, Fiedler J, Fricke K, Ballweg I, Pfaffl MW, Krautwurst D. Class I odorant receptors, TAS1R and TAS2R taste receptors, are markers for subpopulations of circulating leukocytes. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 97:533-45. [PMID: 25624459 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a0714-331rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Our cellular immune system has to cope constantly with foodborne substances that enter the bloodstream postprandially. Here, they may activate leukocytes via specific but yet mostly unknown receptors. Ectopic RNA expression out of gene families of chemosensory receptors, i.e., the ∼400 ORs, ∼25 TAS2R bitter-taste receptors, and the TAS1R umami- and sweet-taste receptor dimers by which we typically detect foodborne substances, has been reported in a variety of peripheral tissues unrelated to olfaction or taste. In the present study, we have now discovered, by gene-specific RT-PCR experiments, the mRNA expression of most of the Class I ORs (TAS1R) and TAS2R in 5 different types of blood leukocytes. Surprisingly, we did not detect Class II OR mRNA. By RT-qPCR, we show the mRNA expression of human chemosensory receptors and their cow orthologs in PMN, thus suggesting an evolutionary concept. By immunocytochemistry, we demonstrate that some olfactory and taste receptors are expressed, on average, in 40-60% of PMN and T or B cells and largely coexpress in the same subpopulation of PMN. The mRNA expression and the size of subpopulations expressing certain chemosensory receptors varied largely among individual blood samples, suggesting a regulated expression of olfactory and taste receptors in these cells. Moreover, we show mRNA expression of their downstream signaling molecules and demonstrate that PTX abolishes saccharin- or 2-PEA-induced PMN chemotactic migration, indicating a role for Gi-type proteins. In summary, our data suggest "chemosensory"-type subpopulations of circulating leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agne Malki
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Julia Fiedler
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristina Fricke
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Ines Ballweg
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Krautwurst
- *Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Lebensmittelchemie Leibniz Institute, Freising, Germany; and Technische Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physiologie-Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, Freising, Germany
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48
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Bufe B, Schumann T, Kappl R, Bogeski I, Kummerow C, Podgórska M, Smola S, Hoth M, Zufall F. Recognition of bacterial signal peptides by mammalian formyl peptide receptors: a new mechanism for sensing pathogens. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:7369-87. [PMID: 25605714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.626747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G-protein-coupled receptors that function as chemoattractant receptors in innate immune responses. Here we perform systematic structure-function analyses of FPRs from six mammalian species using structurally diverse FPR peptide agonists and identify a common set of conserved agonist properties with typical features of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Guided by these results, we discover that bacterial signal peptides, normally used to translocate proteins across cytoplasmic membranes, are a vast family of natural FPR agonists. N-terminally formylated signal peptide fragments with variable sequence and length activate human and mouse FPR1 and FPR2 at low nanomolar concentrations, thus establishing FPR1 and FPR2 as sensitive and broad signal peptide receptors. The vomeronasal receptor mFpr-rs1 and its sequence orthologue hFPR3 also react to signal peptides but are much more narrowly tuned in signal peptide recognition. Furthermore, all signal peptides examined here function as potent activators of the innate immune system. They elicit robust, FPR-dependent calcium mobilization in human and mouse leukocytes and trigger a range of classical innate defense mechanisms, such as the production of reactive oxygen species, metalloprotease release, and chemotaxis. Thus, bacterial signal peptides constitute a novel class of immune activators that are likely to contribute to mammalian immune defense against bacteria. This evolutionarily conserved detection mechanism combines structural promiscuity with high specificity and enables discrimination between bacterial and eukaryotic signal sequences. With at least 175,542 predicted sequences, bacterial signal peptides represent the largest and structurally most heterogeneous class of G-protein-coupled receptor agonists currently known for the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Podgórska
- Virology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Virology, University of Saarland School of Medicine, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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Schepetkin IA, Khlebnikov AI, Giovannoni MP, Kirpotina LN, Cilibrizzi A, Quinn MT. Development of small molecule non-peptide formyl peptide receptor (FPR) ligands and molecular modeling of their recognition. Curr Med Chem 2015; 21:1478-504. [PMID: 24350845 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666131218095521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on a variety of cell types. These receptors play an important role in the regulation of inflammatory reactions and sensing cellular damage. They have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cataract formation, and atherogenesis. Thus, FPR ligands, both agonists and antagonists, may represent novel therapeutics for modulating host defense and innate immunity. A variety of molecules have been identified as receptor subtype-selective and mixed FPR agonists with potential therapeutic value during last decade. This review describes our efforts along with recent advances in the identification, optimization, biological evaluation, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis of small molecule non-peptide FPR agonists and antagonists, including chiral molecules. Questions regarding the interaction at the molecular level of benzimidazoles, pyrazolones, pyridazin-3(2H)-ones, N-phenylureas and other derivatives with FPR1 and FPR2 are discussed. Application of computational models for virtual screening and design of FPR ligands is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - M T Quinn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA.
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Yang SC, Sung PJ, Lin CF, Kuo J, Chen CY, Hwang TL. Anti-inflammatory effects of secondary metabolites of marine Pseudomonas sp. in human neutrophils are through inhibiting P38 MAPK, JNK, and calcium pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114761. [PMID: 25474595 PMCID: PMC4256452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated neutrophils play a significant role in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. The metabolites of marine microorganisms are increasingly employed as sources for developing new drugs; however, very few marine drugs have been studied in human neutrophils. Herein, we showed that secondary metabolites of marine Pseudomonas sp. (N11) significantly inhibited superoxide anion generation and elastase release in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 0.67±0.38 µg/ml and 0.84±0.12 µg/ml, respectively. In cell-free systems, neither superoxide anion-scavenging effect nor inhibition of elastase activity was associated with the suppressive effects of N11. N11 inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase and JNK, but not Erk and Akt, in FMLP-induced human neutrophils. Also, N11 dose-dependently attenuated the transient elevation of intracellular calcium concentration in activated neutrophils. In contrast, N11 failed to alter phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide anion generation, and the inhibitory effects of N11 were not reversed by protein kinase A inhibitor. In conclusion, the anti-inflammatory effects of N11 on superoxide anion generation and elastase release in activated human neutrophils are through inhibiting p38 MAP kinase, JNK, and calcium pathways. Our results suggest that N11 has the potential to be developed to treat neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Chin Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- Department of Life Science and Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Graduate Institute of Marine Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, and Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jimmy Kuo
- National Museum of Marine Biology & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, School of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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