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Bi J, Zhou W, Tang Z. Pathogenesis of diabetic complications: Exploring hypoxic niche formation and HIF-1α activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116202. [PMID: 38330707 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common feature of diabetic tissues, which highly correlates to the progression of diabetes. The formation of hypoxic context is induced by disrupted oxygen homeostasis that is predominantly driven by vascular remodeling in diabetes. While different types of vascular impairments have been reported, the specific features and underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood. Under hypoxic condition, cells upregulate hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), an oxygen sensor that coordinates oxygen concentration and cell metabolism under hypoxic conditions. However, diabetic context exploits this machinery for pathogenic functions. Although HIF-1α protects cells from diabetic insult in multiple tissues, it also jeopardizes cell function in the retina. To gain a deeper understanding of hypoxia in diabetic complications, we focus on the formation of tissue hypoxia and the outcomes of HIF-1α dysregulation under diabetic context. Hopefully, this review can provide a better understanding on hypoxia biology in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Bi
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases, Ministry of Education,Southwest Medical University, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Yucebio Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Zonghao Tang
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for cardiometabolic diseases, Ministry of Education,Southwest Medical University, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Zheng Y, Yang N, Pang Y, Gong Y, Yang H, Ding W, Yang H. Mitochondria-associated regulation in adipose tissues and potential reagents for obesity intervention. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1132342. [PMID: 37396170 PMCID: PMC10313115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1132342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A systematic review analysis was used to assess the profile of mitochondrial involvement in adipose tissue regulation and potential reagents to intervene in obesity through the mitochondrial pathway. Methods Three databases, PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, were searched online for literature associated with mitochondria, obesity, white adipose tissue, and brown adipose tissue published from the time of their creation until June 22, 2022, and each paper was screened. Results 568 papers were identified, of which 134 papers met the initial selection criteria, 76 were selected after full-text review, and 6 were identified after additional searches. A full-text review of the included 82 papers was performed. Conclusion Mitochondria play a key role in adipose tissue metabolism and energy homeostasis, including as potential therapeutic agents for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueshan Pang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanju Gong
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-Children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Weijun Ding
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongya Yang
- Department of Fundamental Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Liu K, Liu X, Deng Y, Li Z, Tang A. CircRNA-mediated regulation of brown adipose tissue adipogenesis. Front Nutr 2022; 9:926024. [PMID: 35967789 PMCID: PMC9372764 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.926024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue represents a candidate target for the treatment of metabolic illnesses, such as obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an important heat source within the body, promotes metabolic health through fat consumption. Therefore, the induction of white fat browning may improve lipid metabolism. Currently, the specific roles of circRNA in BAT and white adipose tissue (WAT) remain elusive. Herein, we conducted circRNA expression profiling of mouse BAT and WAT using RNA-seq. We identified a total of 12,183 circRNAs, including 165 upregulated and 79 downregulated circRNAs between BAT and WAT. Differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs were associated with the mitochondrion, mitochondrial part, mitochondrial inner membrane, mitochondrial envelope, therefore, these circRNAs may affect the thermogenesis and lipid metabolism of BAT. Moreover, DE circRNAs were enriched in browning- and thermogenesis-related pathways, including AMPK and HIF-1 signaling. In addition, a novel circRNA, circOgdh, was found to be highly expressed in BAT, formed by back-splicing of the third and fourth exons of the Ogdh gene, and exhibited higher stability than linear Ogdh. circOgdh was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and could sponge miR-34a-5p, upregulating the expression of Atgl, a key lipolysis gene, which enhanced brown adipocyte lipolysis and suppressed lipid droplet accumulation. Our findings offer in-depth knowledge of the modulatory functions of circRNAs in BAT adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Affiliated Shenzhen Eye Hospital of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaqin Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Aifa Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
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4
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Adipocyte HIF2α functions as a thermostat via PKA Cα regulation in beige adipocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3268. [PMID: 35672324 PMCID: PMC9174489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30925-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes generate heat to maintain body temperature against hypothermia in response to cold. Although tight regulation of thermogenesis is required to prevent energy sources depletion, the molecular details that tune thermogenesis are not thoroughly understood. Here, we demonstrate that adipocyte hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIFα) plays a key role in calibrating thermogenic function upon cold and re-warming. In beige adipocytes, HIFα attenuates protein kinase A (PKA) activity, leading to suppression of thermogenic activity. Mechanistically, HIF2α suppresses PKA activity by inducing miR-3085-3p expression to downregulate PKA catalytic subunit α (PKA Cα). Ablation of adipocyte HIF2α stimulates retention of beige adipocytes, accompanied by increased PKA Cα during re-warming after cold stimuli. Moreover, administration of miR-3085-3p promotes beige-to-white transition via downregulation of PKA Cα and mitochondrial abundance in adipocyte HIF2α deficient mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that HIF2α-dependent PKA regulation plays an important role as a thermostat through dynamic remodeling of beige adipocytes. Thermogenic adipocytes maintain body temperature in response to cold, but how this is tuned during cold and re-warming is unclear. Here, the authors show HIF2α inhibits beige adipocyte retention, regulating PKA catalysis to control dynamic adipocyte remodelling.
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Wang P, Zeng G, Yan Y, Zhang SY, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhang Z, Jiang C, Pang Y. Disruption of adipocyte HIF-1α improves atherosclerosis through the inhibition of ceramide generation. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:1899-1912. [PMID: 35847503 PMCID: PMC9279628 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic multifactorial cardiovascular disease. Western diets have been reported to affect atherosclerosis through regulating adipose function. In high cholesterol diet-fed ApoE–/– mice, adipocyte HIF-1α deficiency or direct inhibition of HIF-1α by the selective pharmacological HIF-1α inhibitor PX-478 alleviates high cholesterol diet-induced atherosclerosis by reducing adipose ceramide generation, which lowers cholesterol levels and reduces inflammatory responses, resulting in improved dyslipidemia and atherogenesis. Smpd3, the gene encoding neutral sphingomyelinase, is identified as a new target gene directly regulated by HIF-1α that is involved in ceramide generation. Injection of lentivirus-SMPD3 in epididymal adipose tissue reverses the decrease in ceramides in adipocytes and eliminates the improvements on atherosclerosis in the adipocyte HIF-1α-deficient mice. Therefore, HIF-1α inhibition may constitute a novel approach to slow atherosclerotic progression.
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6
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Li X, Jiang B, Zou Y, Zhang J, Fu YY, Zhai XY. Roxadustat (FG-4592) Facilitates Recovery From Renal Damage by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by Folic Acid. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:788977. [PMID: 35280255 PMCID: PMC8915431 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Incomplete recovery from acute kidney injury induced by folic acid is a major risk factor for progression to chronic kidney disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been considered a crucial contributor to maladaptive repair in acute kidney injury. Treatment with FG-4592, an inhibitor of hypoxia inducible factor prolyl-hydroxylase, is emerging as a new approach to attenuate renal damage; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The current research demonstrated the protective effect of FG-4592 against renal dysfunction and histopathological damage on the 7th day after FA administration. FG-4592 accelerated tubular repair by promoting tubular cell regeneration, as indicated by increased proliferation of cell nuclear antigen-positive tubular cells, and facilitated structural integrity, as reflected by up-regulation of the epithelial inter-cellular tight junction molecule occludin-1 and the adherens junction molecule E-cadherin. Furthermore, FG-4592 ameliorated tubular functional recovery by restoring the function-related proteins aquaporin1, aquaporin2, and sodium chloride cotransporter. Specifically, FG-4592 pretreatment inhibited hypoxia inducible factor-1α activation on the 7th day after folic acid injection, which ameliorated ultrastructural abnormalities, promoted ATP production, and attenuated excessive reactive oxygen species production both in renal tissue and mitochondria. This was mainly mediated by balancing of mitochondrial dynamics, as indicated by down-regulation of mitochondrial fission 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 as well as up-regulation of mitofusin 1 and optic atrophy 1. Moreover, FG-4592 pretreatment attenuated renal tubular epithelial cell death, kidney inflammation, and subsequent interstitial fibrosis. In vitro, TNF-α-induced HK-2 cells injury could be ameliorated by FG-4592 pretreatment. In summary, our findings support the protective effect of FG-4592 against folic acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction; therefore, FG-4592 treatment can be used as a useful strategy to facilitate tubular repair and mitigate acute kidney injury progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Nephrology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Institute of Nephropathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yue Zhai,
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Gawronska-Kozak B, Walendzik K, Machcinska S, Padzik A, Kopcewicz M, Wiśniewska J. Dermal White Adipose Tissue (dWAT) Is Regulated by Foxn1 and Hif-1α during the Early Phase of Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:257. [PMID: 35008683 PMCID: PMC8745105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis. However, the studies concerning its molecular regulation are limited. In the present paper, we ask whether the introduction of two transcription factors, Foxn1 and Hif-1α, into the post-wounded skin of Foxn1-/- mice regulates dWAT during wound healing (days 3 and 6). We have chosen lentivirus vectors (LVs) as a tool to deliver Foxn1 and Hif-1α into the post-wounded skin. We documented that combinations of both transgenes reduces the number, size and diameter of dermal adipocytes at the wound bed area. The qRT-PCR analysis of pro-adipogenic genes, revealed that LV-Hif-1α alone, or combined with LV-Foxn1, increases the mRNA expression of Pparγ, Glut 4 and Fasn at post-wounding day 6. However, the most spectacular stimulatory effect of Foxn1 and/or Hif-1α was observed for Igf2, the growth factor participating in adipogenic signal transduction. Our data also shows that Foxn1/Hif-1α, at post-wounding day 3, reduces levels of CD68 and MIP-1γ mRNA expression and the percentage of CD68 positive cells in the wound site. In conclusion, the present data are the first to document that Foxn1 and Hif-1α cooperatively (1) regulate dWAT during the proliferative phase of skin wound healing through the Igf2 signaling pathway, and (2) reduce the macrophages content in the wound site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawronska-Kozak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Walendzik
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Sylwia Machcinska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Artur Padzik
- Virus Vector Core, Turku Centre for Biotechnology BioCity, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Marta Kopcewicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wiśniewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (K.W.); (S.M.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
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8
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Liu Y, Chen Y, Wang Y, Jiang S, Lin W, Wu Y, Li Q, Guo Y, Liu W, Yuan Q. DNA demethylase ALKBH1 promotes adipogenic differentiation via regulation of HIF-1 signaling. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101499. [PMID: 34922943 PMCID: PMC8760519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA 6-adenine methylation (6mA), as a novel adenine modification existing in eukaryotes, shows essential functions in embryogenesis and mitochondrial transcriptions. ALKBH1 is a demethylase of 6mA and plays critical roles in osteogenesis, tumorigenesis, and adaptation to stress. However, the integrated biological functions of ALKBH1 still require further exploration. Here, we demonstrate that knockdown of ALKBH1 inhibits adipogenic differentiation in both human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, while overexpression of ALKBH1 leads to increased adipogenesis. Using a combination of RNA-seq and N6-mA-DNA-IP-seq analyses, we identify hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling as a crucial downstream target of ALKBH1 activity. Depletion of ALKBH1 leads to hypermethylation of both HIF-1α and its downstream target GYS1. Simultaneous overexpression of HIF-1α and GYS1 restores the adipogenic commitment of ALKBH1-deficient cells. Taken together, our data indicate that ALKBH1 is indispensable for adipogenic differentiation, revealing a novel epigenetic mechanism that regulates adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shuang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunshu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuchen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weiqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, #14 Third Section, Renmin Road South, Chengdu 610041, China.
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9
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B Tóth B, Barta Z, Barta ÁB, Fésüs L. Regulatory modules of human thermogenic adipocytes: functional genomics of large cohort and Meta-analysis derived marker-genes. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:886. [PMID: 34895148 PMCID: PMC8665548 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, ProFAT and BATLAS studies identified brown and white adipocytes marker genes based on analysis of large databases. They offered scores to determine the thermogenic status of adipocytes using the gene-expression data of these markers. In this work, we investigated the functional context of these genes. Results Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (KEGG, Reactome) of the BATLAS and ProFAT marker-genes identified pathways deterministic in the formation of brown and white adipocytes. The collection of the annotated proteins of the defined pathways resulted in expanded white and brown characteristic protein-sets, which theoretically contain all functional proteins that could be involved in the formation of adipocytes. Based on our previously obtained RNA-seq data, we visualized the expression profile of these proteins coding genes and found patterns consistent with the two adipocyte phenotypes. The trajectory of the regulatory processes could be outlined by the transcriptional profile of progenitor and differentiated adipocytes, highlighting the importance of suppression processes in browning. Protein interaction network-based functional genomics by STRING, Cytoscape and R-Igraph platforms revealed that different biological processes shape the brown and white adipocytes and highlighted key regulatory elements and modules including GAPDH-CS, DECR1, SOD2, IL6, HRAS, MTOR, INS-AKT, ERBB2 and 4-NFKB, and SLIT-ROBO-MAPK. To assess the potential role of a particular protein in shaping adipocytes, we assigned interaction network location-based scores (betweenness centrality, number of bridges) to them and created a freely accessible platform, the AdipoNET (https//adiponet.com), to conveniently use these data. The Eukaryote Promoter Database predicted the response elements in the UCP1 promoter for the identified, potentially important transcription factors (HIF1A, MYC, REL, PPARG, TP53, AR, RUNX, and FoxO1). Conclusion Our integrative approach-based results allowed us to investigate potential regulatory elements of thermogenesis in adipose tissue. The analyses revealed that some unique biological processes form the brown and white adipocyte phenotypes, which presumes the existence of the transitional states. The data also suggests that the two phenotypes are not mutually exclusive, and differentiation of thermogenic adipocyte requires induction of browning as well as repressions of whitening. The recognition of these simultaneous actions and the identified regulatory modules can open new direction in obesity research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-08126-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beáta B Tóth
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
| | - Zoltán Barta
- MTA-DE Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary
| | - Ákos Barnabás Barta
- Vienna University of Economics and Business (WU), Welthandelspl. 1, 1020, Wien, Austria
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Tér 1, Debrecen, H-4032, Hungary.
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10
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Wu R, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhuang L, Chen W, Zeng B, Liao X, Guo G, Wang Y, Wang X. m6A methylation promotes white-to-beige fat transition by facilitating Hif1a translation. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e52348. [PMID: 34569703 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202052348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity mainly results from a chronic energy imbalance. Promoting browning of white adipocytes is a promising strategy to enhance energy expenditure and combat obesity. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most abundant mRNA modification in eukaryotes, plays an important role in regulating adipogenesis. However, whether m6A regulates white adipocyte browning was unknown. Here, we report that adipose tissue-specific deletion of Fto, an m6A demethylase, predisposes mice to prevent high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by enhancing energy expenditure. Additionally, deletion of FTO in vitro promotes thermogenesis and white-to-beige adipocyte transition. Mechanistically, FTO deficiency increases the m6A level of Hif1a mRNA, which is recognized by m6A-binding protein YTHDC2, facilitating mRNA translation and increasing HIF1A protein abundance. HIF1A activates the transcription of thermogenic genes, including Ppaggc1a, Prdm16, and Pparg, thereby promoting Ucp1 expression and the browning process. Collectively, these results unveil an epigenetic mechanism by which m6A-facilitated HIF1A expression controls browning of white adipocytes and thermogenesis, providing a potential target to counteract obesity and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifan Wu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youhua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lenan Zhuang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Botao Zeng
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xing Liao
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanqun Guo
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Losartan Attenuates Insulin Resistance and Regulates Browning Phenomenon of White Adipose Tissue in ob/ob Mice. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1828-1843. [PMID: 34889901 PMCID: PMC8929071 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a villain role to the pathology of fatty liver diseases implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction, which is characterized by lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) related macrophage infiltration. HIF1α is required for its lipogenic actions in adipocytes, while and it regulates M1 and M2 polarization features of macrophages. Losartan has been shown to be an insulin sensitizer in obese states, actions involving in HIF1α signaling. However, the exact mechanisms accounting for these effects have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, GTT, ITT, and HOMA-IR were identified losartan alleviated IR signaling in obese mice. This alleviation may through inhibits HIF1α by suppressing STAT3-NF-κB signaling, which, in turn, revealed HIF1α-dependent decreases the angiogenesis pathway in adipose tissue, including regulation of VEGF and TGFβR2 levels. In white adipose tissue, a set of lipogenesis-related genes, Srebp1, Fas, and Scd-1 were markedly downregulated after losartan intervention, as well as reduced LDs size and LD-associated proteins, perilipin family proteins (PLINs) compared with obese mice. Losartan abolished macrophage infiltration with upregulation of M2 and inhibition of M1 macrophage markers in obese mice. Our data suggest that losartan attenuated obese-induced fatty liver, linked to alleviating inflammation in adipose tissues and a shift in M1/M2 macrophage balance. Furthermore, losartan might improve mitochondria biogenesis by upregulating SIRT1, PGC1α, UCP1, and mRNA of Tfam, Cd137, Tmem26, Ucp1 expression in white adipose tissue compared with the obese group. Taken together, losartan may improve IR and adipose dysfunction by inhibiting lipotoxicity and HIF1α pathways.
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12
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Pescador N, Francisco V, Vázquez P, Esquinas EM, González-Páramos C, Valdecantos MP, García-Martínez I, Urrutia AA, Ruiz L, Escalona-Garrido C, Foretz M, Viollet B, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Calle-Pascual AL, Obregón MJ, Aragonés J, Valverde ÁM. Metformin reduces macrophage HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory signaling to restore brown adipocyte function in vitro. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102171. [PMID: 34736121 PMCID: PMC8577482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic potential of metformin in obese/diabetic patients has been associated to its ability to combat insulin resistance. However, it remains largely unknown the signaling pathways involved and whether some cell types are particularly relevant for its beneficial effects. M1-activation of macrophages by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes a paracrine activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) in brown adipocytes which reduces insulin signaling and glucose uptake, as well as β-adrenergic sensitivity. Addition of metformin to M1-polarized macrophages blunted these signs of brown adipocyte dysfunction. At the molecular level, metformin inhibits an inflammatory program executed by HIF1α in macrophages by inducing its degradation through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity, thereby reducing oxygen consumption in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-independent manner. In obese mice, metformin reduced inflammatory features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) such as macrophage infiltration, proinflammatory signaling and gene expression, and restored the response to cold exposure. In conclusion, the impact of metformin on macrophages by suppressing a HIF1α-dependent proinflammatory program is likely responsible for a secondary beneficial effect on insulin-mediated glucose uptake and β-adrenergic responses in brown adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Pescador
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Vera Francisco
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Esquinas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina González-Páramos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Valdecantos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irma García-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés A Urrutia
- Research Unit, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Escalona-Garrido
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Foretz
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERer), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso L Calle-Pascual
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Obregón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Aragonés
- Research Unit, Hospital de La Princesa, Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERcv), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Lopez-Pascual A, Trayhurn P, Martínez JA, González-Muniesa P. Oxygen in Metabolic Dysfunction and Its Therapeutic Relevance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:642-687. [PMID: 34036800 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: In recent years, a number of studies have shown altered oxygen partial pressure at a tissue level in metabolic disorders, and some researchers have considered oxygen to be a (macro) nutrient. Oxygen availability may be compromised in obesity and several other metabolism-related pathological conditions, including sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, the metabolic syndrome (which is a set of conditions), type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Recent Advances: Strategies designed to reduce adiposity and its accompanying disorders have been mainly centered on nutritional interventions and physical activity programs. However, novel therapies are needed since these approaches have not been sufficient to counteract the worldwide increasing rates of metabolic disorders. In this regard, intermittent hypoxia training and hyperoxia could be potential treatments through oxygen-related adaptations. Moreover, living at a high altitude may have a protective effect against the development of abnormal metabolic conditions. In addition, oxygen delivery systems may be of therapeutic value for supplying the tissue-specific oxygen requirements. Critical Issues: Precise in vivo methods to measure oxygenation are vital to disentangle some of the controversies related to this research area. Further, it is evident that there is a growing need for novel in vitro models to study the potential pathways involved in metabolic dysfunction to find appropriate therapeutic targets. Future Directions: Based on the existing evidence, it is suggested that oxygen availability has a key role in obesity and its related comorbidities. Oxygen should be considered in relation to potential therapeutic strategies in the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 642-687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Lopez-Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Neuroendocrine Cell Biology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Paul Trayhurn
- Obesity Biology Unit, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Clore Laboratory, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Centre of Biomedical Research Network, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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14
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Ma W, Jia L, Xiong Q, Feng Y, Du H. The role of iron homeostasis in adipocyte metabolism. Food Funct 2021; 12:4246-4253. [PMID: 33876811 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03442h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays a vital role in the metabolism of adipose tissue. On the one hand, iron is essential for differentiation, endocrine, energy supply and other physiological functions of adipocytes. Iron homeostasis affects the progression of many chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In adipose tissue, iron deficiency is associated with obesity, mainly due to inflammation. Nevertheless, excessive iron in adipose tissue leads to decreased insulin sensitivity owing to mitochondrial dysfunction and adipokine changes. On the other hand, iron has an effect on the thermogenesis of adipocytes. Iron deficiency affects the production of beige fat and the direction of the differentiation of brown fat. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the crosstalk between iron homeostasis and metabolism in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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15
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Hossein Bagheri M, Azamian-Jazi A, Banitalebi E, Kazeminasab F, Hossein Nasr-Esfahani M. Both high-intensity interval training and low-intensity endurance training decrease intrahepatic lipid deposits via alterations of the expression of HIF-1α, HIG2 in a murine model of non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sci Sports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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16
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Diabetic atherosclerosis: is there a role for the hypoxia-inducible factors? Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226002. [PMID: 32816039 PMCID: PMC7441368 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20200026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major cause of mortality worldwide and is driven by multiple risk factors, including diabetes. Diabetes is associated with either an insulin deficiency in its juvenile form or with insulin resistance and obesity in Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the latter is clustered with other comorbidities to define the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are complex pathologies and are associated with cardiovascular risk via vascular inflammation and other mechanisms. Several transcription factors are activated upon diabetes-driven endothelial dysfunction and drive the progression of atherosclerosis. In particular, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) transcription factor family is a master regulator of endothelial biology and is raising interest in the field of atherosclerosis. In this review, we will present an overview of studies contributing to the understanding of diabetes-driven atherosclerosis, integrating the role of HIF in this disease with the knowledge of its functions in metabolic syndrome and diabetic scenario.
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17
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Iron Metabolism in Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155529. [PMID: 32752277 PMCID: PMC7432525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an excessive adipose tissue accumulation that may have detrimental effects on health. Particularly, childhood obesity has become one of the main public health problems in the 21st century, since its prevalence has widely increased in recent years. Childhood obesity is intimately related to the development of several comorbidities such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-congenital cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation and anemia, among others. Within this tangled interplay between these comorbidities and associated pathological conditions, obesity has been closely linked to important perturbations in iron metabolism. Iron is the second most abundant metal on Earth, but its bioavailability is hampered by its ability to form highly insoluble oxides, with iron deficiency being the most common nutritional disorder. Although every living organism requires iron, it may also cause toxic oxygen damage by generating oxygen free radicals through the Fenton reaction. Thus, iron homeostasis and metabolism must be tightly regulated in humans at every level (i.e., absorption, storage, transport, recycling). Dysregulation of any step involved in iron metabolism may lead to iron deficiencies and, eventually, to the anemic state related to obesity. In this review article, we summarize the existent evidence on the role of the most recently described components of iron metabolism and their alterations in obesity.
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18
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Ramalho R, Rao M, Zhang C, Agrati C, Ippolito G, Wang FS, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Immunometabolism: new insights and lessons from antigen-directed cellular immune responses. Semin Immunopathol 2020; 42:279-313. [PMID: 32519148 PMCID: PMC7282544 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-020-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by nutrients is an important area of study in cellular biology and clinical sciences in the context of cancer therapies and anti-pathogen-directed immune responses in health and disease. We review metabolic pathways that influence immune cell function and cellular persistence in chronic infections. We also highlight the role of nutrients in altering the tissue microenvironment with lessons from the tumor microenvironment that shapes the quality and quantity of cellular immune responses. Multiple layers of biological networks, including the nature of nutritional supplements, the genetic background, previous exposures, and gut microbiota status have impact on cellular performance and immune competence against molecularly defined targets. We discuss how immune metabolism determines the differentiation pathway of antigen-specific immune cells and how these insights can be explored to devise better strategies to strengthen anti-pathogen-directed immune responses, while curbing unwanted, non-productive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Ramalho
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM, U4585 FCT), Applied Nutrition Studies Group G.E.N.A.-IUEM), Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Egas Moniz Higher Education School, Monte de Caparica, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Chao Zhang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Fu-Sheng Wang
- Treatment and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
- I Medizinische Klinik, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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19
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Chen PS, Chiu WT, Hsu PL, Lin SC, Peng IC, Wang CY, Tsai SJ. Pathophysiological implications of hypoxia in human diseases. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:63. [PMID: 32389123 PMCID: PMC7212687 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00658-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is essentially required by most eukaryotic organisms as a scavenger to remove harmful electron and hydrogen ions or as a critical substrate to ensure the proper execution of enzymatic reactions. All nucleated cells can sense oxygen concentration and respond to reduced oxygen availability (hypoxia). When oxygen delivery is disrupted or reduced, the organisms will develop numerous adaptive mechanisms to facilitate cells survived in the hypoxic condition. Normally, such hypoxic response will cease when oxygen level is restored. However, the situation becomes complicated if hypoxic stress persists (chronic hypoxia) or cyclic normoxia-hypoxia phenomenon occurs (intermittent hypoxia). A series of chain reaction-like gene expression cascade, termed hypoxia-mediated gene regulatory network, will be initiated under such prolonged or intermittent hypoxic conditions and subsequently leads to alteration of cellular function and/or behaviors. As a result, irreversible processes occur that may cause physiological disorder or even pathological consequences. A growing body of evidence implicates that hypoxia plays critical roles in the pathogenesis of major causes of mortality including cancer, myocardial ischemia, metabolic diseases, and chronic heart and kidney diseases, and in reproductive diseases such as preeclampsia and endometriosis. This review article will summarize current understandings regarding the molecular mechanism of hypoxia in these common and important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Ling Hsu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chieh Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - I-Chen Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Yih Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shaw-Jenq Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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20
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Drewlo S, Johnson E, Kilburn BA, Kadam L, Armistead B, Kohan-Ghadr HR. Irisin induces trophoblast differentiation via AMPK activation in the human placenta. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7146-7158. [PMID: 32020629 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Irisin, an adipokine, regulates differentiation and phenotype in various cell types including myocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts. Circulating irisin concentration increases throughout human pregnancy. In pregnancy disorders such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus, circulating irisin levels are reduced compared to healthy controls. To date, there are no data on the role and molecular function of irisin in the human placenta or its contribution to pathophysiology. Aberrant trophoblast differentiation is involved in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. The current study aimed to assess the molecular effects of irisin on trophoblast differentiation and function. First-trimester placental explants were cultured and treated with low (10 nM) and high (50 nM) physiological doses of irisin. Treatment with irisin dose-dependently increased both in vitro placental outgrowth (on Matrigel™) and trophoblast cell-cell fusion. Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, an important regulator of cellular energy homeostasis that is involved in trophoblast differentiation and pathology, was subsequently investigated. Here, irisin exposure induced placental AMPK activation. To determine the effects of irisin on trophoblast differentiation, two trophoblast-like cell lines, HTR-8/SVneo and BeWo, were treated with irisin and/or a specific AMPK inhibitor (Compound C). Irisin-induced AMPK phosphorylation in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Additionally, as part of the differentiation process, integrin switching from α6 to α1 occurred as well as increased invasiveness. Overall, irisin promoted differentiation in villous and extravillous cell-based models via AMPK pathway activation. These findings provide evidence that exposure to irisin promotes differentiation and improves trophoblast functions in the human placenta that are affected in abnormal placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Drewlo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Eugenia Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Brian A Kilburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Leena Kadam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Brooke Armistead
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Hamid-Reza Kohan-Ghadr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan
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21
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Lu H, Ye Z, Zhai Y, Wang L, Liu Y, Wang J, Zhang W, Luo W, Lu Z, Chen J. QKI regulates adipose tissue metabolism by acting as a brake on thermogenesis and promoting obesity. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e47929. [PMID: 31868295 PMCID: PMC6944952 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201947929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue controls numerous physiological processes, and its dysfunction has a causative role in the development of systemic metabolic disorders. The role of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that the RNA-binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis of the adipose tissue. QKI-deficient mice are resistant to high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Additionally, QKI depletion increased brown fat energy dissipation and browning of subcutaneous white fat. Adipose tissue-specific depletion of QKI in mice enhances cold-induced thermogenesis, thereby preventing hypothermia in response to cold stimulus. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that QKI is transcriptionally induced by the cAMP-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) axis and restricts adipose tissue energy consumption by decreasing stability, nuclear export, and translation of mRNAs encoding UCP1 and PGC1α. These findings extend our knowledge of the significance of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolic homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target to defend against obesity and its related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zichen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of Cell BiologyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Zifan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer BiologyDepartment of PharmacogenomicsSchool of PharmacyFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jingyuan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Healththe Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational EnvironmentSchool of Public HealthFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
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22
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Xu M, Li Z, Yang L, Zhai W, Wei N, Zhang Q, Chao B, Huang S, Cui H. Elucidation of the Mechanisms and Molecular Targets of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Network Pharmacology. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5848497. [PMID: 32851081 PMCID: PMC7436345 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5848497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction (SXD) is commonly used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In order to elucidate the specific analysis mechanisms of SXD for T2DM, the method of network pharmacology was applied to this article. First, the effective ingredients of SXD were obtained and their targets were identified based on the TCMSP database. The T2DM-related targets screened from the GEO database were also collected by comparing the differential expressed genes between T2DM patients and healthy individuals. Then, the common targets in SXD-treated T2DM were obtained by intersecting the putative targets of SXD and the differential expressed genes of T2DM. And the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the above common targets to screen key genes through protein interactions. Meanwhile, these common targets were used for GO and KEGG analyses to further elucidate how they exert antidiabetic effects. Finally, a gene pathway network was established to capture the core one in common targets enriched in the major pathways to further illustrate the role of specific genes. Based on the data obtained, a total of 67 active compounds and 906 targets of SXD were identified. Four thousand one hundred and seventy-six differentially expressed genes with a P value < 0.005 and ∣log2(fold change) | >0.5 were determined between T2DM patients and control groups. After further screening, thirty-seven common targets related to T2DM in SXD were finally identified. Through protein interactions, the top 5 genes (YWHAZ, HNRNPA1, HSPA8, HSP90AA1, and HSPA5) were identified. It was found that the functional annotations of target genes were associated with oxygen levels, protein kinase regulator, mitochondria, and so on. The top 20 pathways including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cancers, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were significantly enriched. CDKN1A was shown to be the core gene in the gene-pathway network, and other several genes such as CCND1, ERBB2, RAF1, EGF, and VEGFA were the key genes for SXD against T2DM. Based on the network pharmacology approach, we identified key genes and pathways related to the prognosis and pathogenesis of T2DM and also provided a feasible method for further studying the chemical basis and pharmacology of SXD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Xu
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- 2Department of Neurology, Dongfang Hosipital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100078, China
| | - Lu Yang
- 3Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, 712000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wujianwen Zhai
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Nina Wei
- 3Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, First Clinical Medical College, 712000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiuyan Zhang
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Bin Chao
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shijing Huang
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hanming Cui
- 1Research and Development Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangan'men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
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Warbrick I, Rabkin SW. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) as a factor mediating the relationship between obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Obes Rev 2019; 20:701-712. [PMID: 30828970 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), a common condition with an increased mortality, is strongly associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The latter two conditions are associated with increased epicardial fat that can extend into the heart. This review advances the proposition that hypoxia-inhibitory factor-1α (HIF-1α) maybe a key factor producing HFpEF. HIF-1α, a highly conserved transcription factor that plays a key role in tissue response to hypoxia, is increased in adipose tissue in obesity. Increased HIF-1α expression leads to expression of a potent profibrotic transcriptional programme involving collagen I, III, IV, TIMP, and lysyl oxidase. The net effect is the formation of collagen fibres leading to fibrosis. HIF-1α is also responsible for recruiting M1 macrophages that mediate obesity-associated inflammation, releasing IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and IL-1β with increased expression of thrombospondin, pro α2 (I) collagen, transforming growth factor β, NADPH oxidase, and connective tissue growth factor. These factors can accelerate cardiac fibrosis and impair cardiac diastolic function. Inhibition of HIF-1α expression in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet suppressed fibrosis and reduces inflammation in adipose tissue. Delineation of the role played by HIF-1α in obesity-associated HFpEF may lead to new potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Warbrick
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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24
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Sun Y, Wang R, Zhao S, Li W, Liu W, Tang L, Wang Z, Wang W, Liu R, Ning G, Wang J, Hong J. FGF9 inhibits browning program of white adipocytes and associates with human obesity. J Mol Endocrinol 2019; 62:79-90. [PMID: 30496126 DOI: 10.1530/jme-18-0151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Browning of white adipose tissue has been proven to be a potential target to fight against obesity and its metabolic commodities, making the exploration of molecules involved in browning process important. Among those browning agents reported recently, FGF21 play as a quite promising candidate for treating obesity for its obvious enhancement of thermogenic capacity in adipocyte and significant improvement of metabolic disorders in both mice and human. However, whether other members of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family play roles in adipose thermogenesis and obese development is still an open question. Here, we examined the mRNA expression of all FGF family members in three adipose tissues of male C57BL/6 mice and found that FGF9 is highly expressed in adipose tissue and decreased under cold stress. Furthermore, FGF9 treatment inhibited thermogenic genes in the process of beige adipocytes differentiation from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in a dose-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained with FGF9 overexpression. Consistently, knockdown of FGF9 in SVF cells by using lentiviral shRNA increased thermogenic genes in differentiated beige adipocytes. RNA sequencing analysis revealed a significant increment of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway in the early stage of beige adipocytes differentiation under FGF9 treatment, which was validated by real-time PCR. FGF9 expression was increased in subcutaneous WAT of obese human and mice. This study shows that adipose-derived FGF9 play as an inhibitory role in the browning of white adipocytes. Activation of hypoxia signaling at early stage of adipose browning process may contribute to this anti-thermogenic effect of FGF9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqian Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Zhugang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, China National Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), a family of transcription factors activated by hypoxia, consist of three α-subunits (HIF1α, HIF2α and HIF3α) and one β-subunit (HIF1β), which serves as a heterodimerization partner of the HIFα subunits. HIFα subunits are stabilized from constitutive degradation by hypoxia largely through lowering the activity of the oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylases that hydroxylate HIFα, leading to their proteolysis. HIF1α and HIF2α are expressed in different tissues and regulate target genes involved in angiogenesis, cell proliferation and inflammation, and their expression is associated with different disease states. HIFs have been widely studied because of their involvement in cancer, and HIF2α-specific inhibitors are being investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of kidney cancer. Although cancer has been the major focus of research on HIF, evidence has emerged that this pathway has a major role in the control of metabolism and influences metabolic diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Notably increased HIF1α and HIF2α signalling in adipose tissue and small intestine, respectively, promotes metabolic diseases in diet-induced disease models. Inhibition of HIF1α and HIF2α decreases the adverse diet-induced metabolic phenotypes, suggesting that they could be drug targets for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Cen Xie
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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26
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Gaspar JM, Mendes NF, Corrêa-da-Silva F, Lima-Junior JCD, Gaspar RC, Ropelle ER, Araujo EP, Carvalho HM, Velloso LA. Downregulation of HIF complex in the hypothalamus exacerbates diet-induced obesity. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 73:550-561. [PMID: 29935943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) can regulate whole-body energy homeostasis in response to changes in blood glucose, suggesting that it acts as a sensor for systemic energy stores. Here, we hypothesized that hypothalamic HIF-1 could be affected by diet-induced obesity (DIO). We used eight-week old, male C57Bl6 mice, fed normal chow diet or with high fat diet for 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The expression of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta was measured by PCR and western blotting and its hypothalamic distribution was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. Inhibition of HIF-1beta in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus was performed using stereotaxic injection of shRNA lentiviral particles and animals were grouped under normal chow diet or high fat diet for 14 days. Using bioinformatics, we show that in humans, the levels of HIF-1 transcripts are directly correlated with those of hypothalamic transcripts for proteins involved in inflammation, regulation of apoptosis, autophagy, and the ubiquitin/proteasome system; furthermore, in rodents, hypothalamic HIF-1 expression is directly correlated with the phenotype of increased energy expenditure. In mice, DIO was accompanied by increased HIF-1 expression. The inhibition of hypothalamic HIF-1 by injection of an shRNA resulted in a further increase in body mass, a decreased basal metabolic rate, increased hypothalamic inflammation, and glucose intolerance. Thus, hypothalamic HIF-1 is increased during DIO, and its inhibition worsens the obesity-associated metabolic phenotype. Thus, hypothalamic HIF-1 emerges as a target for therapeutic intervention against obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana M Gaspar
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Ferreira Mendes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Corrêa-da-Silva
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José C de Lima-Junior
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana P Araujo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Nursing, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Humberto M Carvalho
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Lício A Velloso
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Campinas, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat grafting has become an important tool for breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen, the hormone therapy agent most frequently used for breast cancer, can affect adipose metabolism and cause browning of adipose tissue. This study hypothesized that tamoxifen could increase fat graft survival by altering adipose metabolism. METHODS C57/BL6 mice were divided into three groups receiving different treatments before and after fat grafting. The tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily tamoxifen for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The graft/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The control group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily phosphate-buffered saline. The inguinal fat used for transplantation and the transferred fat at weeks 4 and 12 after transplantation were harvested and analyzed. RESULTS Tamoxifen-pretreated inguinal fat showed beige fat features, with smaller adipocyte size, up-regulated uncoupling protein 1 expression, and improved vascularization. The retention rate of transferred fat was significantly higher in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group than in the control group (69 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p < 0.05), but fat grafts in the graft/tamoxifen group had a retention rate similar to that in the control group (31 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p > 0.05). Improved angiogenesis and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression were found in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group but not in the graft/tamoxifen group. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen treatment before fat grafting resulted in prefabricated vascularized beige fat with small adipocytes, which greatly improve fat graft survival. However, tamoxifen after fat grafting did not affect fat graft evolution.
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28
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Lopez‐Pascual A, Lorente‐Cebrián S, Moreno‐Aliaga MJ, Martinez JA, González‐Muniesa P. Inflammation stimulates hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α regulatory activity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes with conditioned medium from lipopolysaccharide‐activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:550-560. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Lopez‐Pascual
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Pamplona Spain
| | - Silvia Lorente‐Cebrián
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Group, IdiSNA Navarra's Health Research Institute Pamplona Spain
| | - María J. Moreno‐Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Group, IdiSNA Navarra's Health Research Institute Pamplona Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Group, IdiSNA Navarra's Health Research Institute Pamplona Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII Madrid Spain
| | - Pedro González‐Muniesa
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra Pamplona Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition Pamplona Spain
- Nutrition Group, IdiSNA Navarra's Health Research Institute Pamplona Spain
- Centre of Biomedical Research Network CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, ISCIII Madrid Spain
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29
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Loss of P2X7 receptor function dampens whole body energy expenditure and fatty acid oxidation. Purinergic Signal 2018; 14:299-305. [PMID: 29754194 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-018-9610-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The established role of ATP-responsive P2X7 receptor in inflammatory, neurodegenerative, and immune diseases is now expanding to include several aspects of metabolic dysregulation. Indeed, P2X7 receptors are involved in β cell function, insulin secretion, and liability to diabetes, and loss of P2X7 function may increase the risk of hepatic steatosis and disrupt adipogenesis. Recently, body weight gain, abnormal lipid accumulation, adipocyte hyperplasia, increased fat mass, and ectopic fat distribution have been found in P2X7 KO mice. Here, we hypothesized that such clinical picture of dysregulated lipid metabolism might be the result of altered in vivo energy metabolism. By indirect calorimetry, we assessed 24 h of energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) as quotient of carbohydrate to fat oxidation in P2X7 KO mice. Moreover, we assessed the same parameters in aged-matched WT counterparts that underwent a 7-day treatment with the P2X7 antagonist A804598. We found that loss of P2X7 function elicits a severe decrease of EE that was less pronounced in A804598-treated mice. In parallel, P2X7KO mice show a drastic increase of RER, thus indicating the occurrence of a greater ratio of carbohydrate to fat oxidation. Decreased EE and fat oxidation is predictive of body weight gain, which was here confirmed. Taken together, our data provide evidence that P2X7 loss of function produces defective energy homeostasis that, together with disrupted adipogenesis, might help to explain accumulation of adipose tissue and contribute to disclose the potential role of P2X7 in metabolic diseases.
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30
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Abstract
In some organisms and cells, oxygen availability influences oxygen consumption. In this review, we examine this phenomenon of hypoxic hypometabolism (HH), discussing its features, mechanisms, and implications. Small mammals and other vertebrate species exhibit "oxyconformism," a downregulation of metabolic rate and body temperature during hypoxia which is sensed by the central nervous system. Smaller body mass and cooler ambient temperature contribute to a high metabolic rate in mammals. It is this hypermetabolic state that is suppressed by hypoxia leading to HH. Larger mammals including humans do not exhibit HH. Tissues and cells also exhibit reductions in respiration during hypoxia in vitro, even at oxygen levels ample for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The mechanisms of cellular HH involve intracellular oxygen sensors including hypoxia-inducible factors, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) which downregulate mitochondrial activity and ATP utilization. HH has a profound impact on cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic physiology in rodents. Therefore, caution should be exercised when extrapolating the results of rodent hypoxia studies to human physiology.
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31
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Abstract
Brown adipose tissue takes up large amounts of glucose during cold exposure in mice and humans. Here we report an induction of glucose transporter 1 expression and increased expression of several glycolytic enzymes in brown adipose tissue from cold-exposed mice. Accordingly, these genes were also induced after β-adrenergic activation of cultured brown adipocytes, concomitant with accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) protein levels. HIF-1α accumulation was dependent on uncoupling protein 1 and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Expression of key glycolytic enzymes was reduced after knockdown of HIF-1α in mature brown adipocytes. Glucose consumption, lactate export and glycolytic capacity were reduced in brown adipocytes depleted of Hif-1α. Finally, we observed a decreased β-adrenergically induced oxygen consumption in Hif-1α knockdown adipocytes cultured in medium with glucose as the only exogenously added fuel. These data suggest that HIF-1α-dependent regulation of glycolysis is necessary for maximum glucose metabolism in brown adipocytes.
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