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Töpfer V, Melzer M, Snowdon RJ, Stahl A, Matros A, Wehner G. PEG treatment is unsuitable to study root related traits as it alters root anatomy in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:856. [PMID: 39266950 PMCID: PMC11396634 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05529-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency and severity of abiotic stress events, especially drought, are increasing due to climate change. The plant root is the most important organ for water uptake and the first to be affected by water limitation. It is therefore becoming increasingly important to include root traits in studies on drought stress tolerance. However, phenotyping under field conditions remains a challenging task. In this study, plants were grown in a hydroponic system with polyethylene glycol as an osmotic stressor and in sand pots to examine the root system of eleven spring barley genotypes. The root anatomy of two genotypes with different response to drought was investigated microscopically. RESULTS Root diameter increased significantly (p < 0.05) under polyethylene glycol treatment by 54% but decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 12% under drought stress in sand pots. Polyethylene glycol treatment increased root tip diameter (51%) and reduced diameter of the elongation zone (14%) compared to the control. Under drought stress, shoot mass of plants grown in sand pots showed a higher correlation (r = 0.30) with the shoot mass under field condition than polyethylene glycol treated plants (r = -0.22). CONCLUSION These results indicate that barley roots take up polyethylene glycol by the root tip and polyethylene glycol prevents further water uptake. Polyethylene glycol-triggered osmotic stress is therefore unsuitable for investigating root morphology traits in barley. Root architecture of roots grown in sand pots is more comparable to roots grown under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronic Töpfer
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Department of Structural Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Rod J Snowdon
- Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Matros
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany.
| | - Gwendolin Wehner
- Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Julius Kuehn-Institute (JKI) - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Quedlinburg, Germany
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Brunner SM, Dinglasan E, Baraibar S, Alahmad S, Katsikis C, van der Meer S, Godoy J, Moody D, Smith M, Hickey L, Robinson H. Characterizing stay-green in barley across diverse environments: unveiling novel haplotypes. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2024; 137:120. [PMID: 38709310 PMCID: PMC11074220 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-024-04612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE There is variation in stay-green within barley breeding germplasm, influenced by multiple haplotypes and environmental conditions. The positive genetic correlation between stay-green and yield across multiple environments highlights the potential as a future breeding target. Barley is considered one of the most naturally resilient crops making it an excellent candidate to dissect the genetics of drought adaptive component traits. Stay-green, is thought to contribute to drought adaptation, in which the photosynthetic machinery is maintained for a longer period post-anthesis increasing the photosynthetic duration of the plant. In other cereal crops, including wheat, stay-green has been linked to increased yield under water-limited conditions. Utilizing a panel of diverse barley breeding lines from a commercial breeding program we aimed to characterize stay-green in four environments across two years. Spatiotemporal modeling was used to accurately model senescence patterns from flowering to maturity characterizing the variation for stay-green in barley for the first time. Environmental effects were identified, and multi-environment trait analysis was performed for stay-green characteristics during grain filling. A consistently positive genetic correlation was found between yield and stay-green. Twenty-two chromosomal regions with large effect haplotypes were identified across and within environment types, with ten being identified in multiple environments. In silico stacking of multiple desirable haplotypes showed an opportunity to improve the stay-green phenotype through targeted breeding. This study is the first of its kind to model barley stay-green in a large breeding panel and has detected novel, stable and environment specific haplotypes. This provides a platform for breeders to develop Australian barley with custom senescence profiles for improved drought adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Brunner
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eric Dinglasan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Samir Alahmad
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christina Katsikis
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Sarah van der Meer
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - David Moody
- InterGrain Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, 6163, Australia
| | - Millicent Smith
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Lee Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - Hannah Robinson
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- InterGrain Pty Ltd, Perth, WA, 6163, Australia.
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3
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Fan S, Chen J, Yang R. Candidate Genes for Salt Tolerance in Forage Sorghum under Saline Conditions from Germination to Harvest Maturity. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020293. [PMID: 36833220 PMCID: PMC9956952 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To address the plant adaptability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) in salinity, the research focus should shift from only selecting tolerant varieties to understanding the precise whole-plant genetic coping mechanisms with long-term influence on various phenotypes of interest to expanding salinity, improving water use, and ensuring nutrient use efficiency. In this review, we discovered that multiple genes may play pleiotropic regulatory roles in sorghum germination, growth, and development, salt stress response, forage value, and the web of signaling networks. The conserved domain and gene family analysis reveals a remarkable functional overlap among members of the bHLH (basic helix loop helix), WRKY (WRKY DNA-binding domain), and NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) superfamilies. Shoot water and carbon partitioning, for example, are dominated by genes from the aquaporins and SWEET families, respectively. The gibberellin (GA) family of genes is prevalent during pre-saline exposure seed dormancy breaking and early embryo development at post-saline exposure. To improve the precision of the conventional method of determining silage harvest maturity time, we propose three phenotypes and their underlying genetic mechanisms: (i) the precise timing of transcriptional repression of cytokinin biosynthesis (IPT) and stay green (stg1 and stg2) genes; (ii) the transcriptional upregulation of the SbY1 gene and (iii) the transcriptional upregulation of the HSP90-6 gene responsible for grain filling with nutritive biochemicals. This work presents a potential resource for sorghum salt tolerance and genetic studies for forage and breeding.
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Shirdelmoghanloo H, Chen K, Paynter BH, Angessa TT, Westcott S, Khan HA, Hill CB, Li C. Grain-Filling Rate Improves Physical Grain Quality in Barley Under Heat Stress Conditions During the Grain-Filling Period. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:858652. [PMID: 35645996 PMCID: PMC9137397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.858652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress is a primary constraint to Australia's barley production. In addition to impacting grain yield, it adversely affects physical grain quality (weight and plumpness) and market value. The incidence of heat stress during grain filling is rising with global warming. However, breeding for new superior heat-tolerant genotypes has been challenging due to the narrow window of sensitivity, the unpredictable nature of heat stress, and its frequent co-occurrence with drought stress. Greater scientific knowledge regarding traits and mechanisms associated with heat tolerance would help develop more efficient selection methods. Our objective was to assess 157 barley varieties of contrasting genetic backgrounds for various developmental, agro-morphological, and physiological traits to examine the effects of heat stress on physical grain quality. Delayed sowing (i.e., July and August) increased the likelihood of daytime temperatures above 30°C during grain-filling. Supplementary irrigation of field trials ensured a reduced impact of drought stress. Heat tolerance appeared to be the primary factor determining grain plumpness. A wide variation was observed for heat tolerance, particularly among the Australian varieties. Genotypic variation was also observed for grain weight, plumpness, grain growth components, stay-green and stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content, and mobilisation under normal and delayed sown conditions. Compared to normal sowing, delayed sowing reduced duration of developmental phases, plant height, leaf size, head length, head weight, grain number, plumpness, grain width and thickness, stem WSC content, green leaf area retention, and harvest index (HI), and increased screenings, grain length, grain-filling rate (GFR), WSC mobilisation efficiency (WSCME), and grain protein content. Overall, genotypes with heavier and plumper grains under high temperatures had higher GFR, longer grain-filling duration, longer green leaf area retention, higher WSCME, taller stature, smaller leaf size, greater HI, higher grain weight/plumpness potentials, and earlier flowering. GFR played a significant role in determining barley grain weight and plumpness under heat-stress conditions. Enhancing GFR may provide a new avenue for improving heat tolerance in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kefei Chen
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Blakely H. Paynter
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
| | - Tefera Tolera Angessa
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sharon Westcott
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hammad Aziz Khan
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Northam, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Camilla Beate Hill
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Crop Genetics Alliance, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Wu N, Yao Y, Xiang D, Du H, Geng Z, Yang W, Li X, Xie T, Dong F, Xiong L. A MITE variation-associated heat-inducible isoform of a heat-shock factor confers heat tolerance through regulation of JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN genes in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1315-1331. [PMID: 35244216 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures cause huge yield losses in rice. Heat-shock factors (Hsfs) are key transcription factors which regulate the expression of heat stress-responsive genes, but natural variation in and functional characterization of Hsfs have seldom been reported. A significant heat response locus was detected via a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using green leaf area as an indicative trait. A miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (MITE) in the promoter of a candidate gene, HTG3 (heat-tolerance gene on chromosome 3), was found to be significantly associated with heat-induced expression of HTG3 and heat tolerance (HT). The MITE-absent variant has been selected in heat-prone rice-growing regions. HTG3a is an alternatively spliced isoform encoding a functional Hsf, and experiments using overexpression and knockout rice lines showed that HTG3a positively regulates HT at both vegetative and reproductive stages. The HTG3-regulated genes were enriched for heat shock proteins and jasmonic acid signaling. Two heat-responsive JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) genes were confirmed to be directly upregulated by HTG3a, and one of them, OsJAZ9, positively regulates HT. We conclude that HTG3 plays an important role in HT through the regulation of JAZs and other heat-responsive genes. The MITE-absent allele may be valuable for HT breeding in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yilong Yao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Denghao Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hao Du
- Institute of Crop science, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zedong Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wanneng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xianghua Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Faming Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lizhong Xiong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, No. 1 Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430070, China
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6
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Guo R, Wang X, Han X, Chen X, Wang-Pruski G. Physiological and transcriptomic responses of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) to prolonged heat stress. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:533. [PMID: 32746779 PMCID: PMC7430824 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) is an important heat-resistant leafy vegetable that can survive under long-time heat stress condition. However, the physiological characteristics and molecular changes in its response to heat stress are poorly understood. Results In this study the selected water spinach cultivars with different thermo resistance and their physiological response to heat stress were examined. Under prolonged heat stress, plant growth was inhibited in all tested cultivars. This inhibition was accompanied by the reduction of photosynthetic performance. The reactive oxygen species system in terms of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide contents, as well as antioxidant polyphenols, were evaluated. The results showed that prolonged heat stress caused reduced antioxidant capacity, but the role of antioxidant capacity in a prolonged thermotolerance was not predominant. Transcriptomic analysis of the water spinach subjected to heat stress revealed that 4145 transcripts were specifically expressed with 2420 up-regulated and 1725 down-regulated in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars treated with 42 °C for 15 days. Enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed genes showed that the main metabolic differences between heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant cultivars were the carbohydrate metabolism and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The results of carbohydrate profiles and RT-qPCR also suggested that heat stress altered carbohydrate metabolism and associated changes in transcriptional level of genes involved in sugar transport and metabolic transition. Conclusions The prolonged heat stress resulted in a reduced antioxidant capacity while the role of antioxidant capacity in a prolonged thermotolerance of water spinach was not predominant. Transcriptome analysis and the measurement of carbohydrates as well as the gene expression evaluation indicated that the response of the metabolic pathway such as carbohydrate and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis to heat stress may be a key player in thermo resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfang Guo
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xingru Wang
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyun Han
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Gefu Wang-Pruski
- Joint FAFU-Dalhousie Lab, College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China. .,Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Kamal NM, Gorafi YSA, Abdelrahman M, Abdellatef E, Tsujimoto H. Stay-Green Trait: A Prospective Approach for Yield Potential, and Drought and Heat Stress Adaptation in Globally Important Cereals. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5837. [PMID: 31757070 PMCID: PMC6928793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The yield losses in cereal crops because of abiotic stress and the expected huge losses from climate change indicate our urgent need for useful traits to achieve food security. The stay-green (SG) is a secondary trait that enables crop plants to maintain their green leaves and photosynthesis capacity for a longer time after anthesis, especially under drought and heat stress conditions. Thus, SG plants have longer grain-filling period and subsequently higher yield than non-SG. SG trait was recognized as a superior characteristic for commercially bred cereal selection to overcome the current yield stagnation in alliance with yield adaptability and stability. Breeding for functional SG has contributed in improving crop yields, particularly when it is combined with other useful traits. Thus, elucidating the molecular and physiological mechanisms associated with SG trait is maybe the key to defeating the stagnation in productivity associated with adaptation to environmental stress. This review discusses the recent advances in SG as a crucial trait for genetic improvement of the five major cereal crops, sorghum, wheat, rice, maize, and barley with particular emphasis on the physiological consequences of SG trait. Finally, we provided perspectives on future directions for SG research that addresses present and future global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrein Mohamed Kamal
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Yasir Serag Alnor Gorafi
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Agricultural Research Corporation, Wad-Medani P.O. Box 126, Sudan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt
| | - Eltayb Abdellatef
- Commission for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 6096, Sudan;
| | - Hisashi Tsujimoto
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori 680-0001, Japan; (Y.S.A.G.); (M.A.)
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Watt C, Zhou G, McFawn LA, Chalmers KJ, Li C. Fine mapping of qGL5H, a major grain length locus in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:883-893. [PMID: 30465063 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-018-3243-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A major grain length QTL on chromosome 5H was fine mapped from 180.5 to 1.7 Mb. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) mapping has been used extensively in barley to detect QTLs that underlie complex traits such as grain size. In the present study, we utilised 312 double haploid lines derived from a cross between two Australian malting varieties, Vlamingh and Buloke, to dissect the genetic control of a number of grain size characteristics. Digital image analysis was used to measure grain size characteristics including length, width, thickness and plumpness which are important traits influencing barley yield and grain physical quality. Using data from four independent environments and molecular marker genotype data, we identified 23 significant QTLs for these four traits, ten of which were consensus QTLs and identified in two or more environments. A QTL region on chromosome 5H designated qGL5H that was associated with grain size was fine mapped to a 1.7 Mb interval. qGL5H was able to explain 21.6% of phenotypic variation for grain length within the population. This major QTL is an appropriate candidate for further genetic dissection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Watt
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gaofeng Zhou
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lee-Anne McFawn
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Chengdao Li
- Western Barley Genetic Alliance, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Western Australian State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Department of Primary Industry and Regional Development, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Yang J, Udvardi M. Senescence and nitrogen use efficiency in perennial grasses for forage and biofuel production. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:855-865. [PMID: 29444307 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Organ senescence is an important developmental process in plants that enables recycling of nutrients, such as nitrogen, to maximize reproductive success. Nitrogen is the mineral nutrient required in greatest amount by plants, although soil-N limits plant productivity in many natural and agricultural systems, especially systems that receive little or no fertilizer-N. Use of industrial N-fertilizers in agriculture increased crop yields several fold over the past century, although at substantial cost to fossil energy reserves and the environment. Therefore, it is important to optimize nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in agricultural systems. Organ senescence contributes to NUE in plants and manipulation of senescence in plant breeding programs is a promising approach to improve NUE in agriculture. Much of what we know about plant senescence comes from research on annual plants, which provide most of the food for humans. Relatively little work has been done on senescence in perennial plants, especially perennial grasses, which provide much of the forage for grazing animals and promise to supply much of the biomass required by the future biofuel industry. Here, we review briefly what is known about senescence from studies of annual plants, before presenting current knowledge about senescence in perennial grasses and its relationship to yield, quality, and NUE. While higher yield is a common target, desired N-content diverges between forage and biofuel crops. We discuss how senescence programs might be altered to produce high-yielding, stress-tolerant perennial grasses with high-N (protein) for forage or low-N for biofuels in systems optimized for NUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiading Yang
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Bioenergy Sciences Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Michael Udvardi
- Noble Research Institute, Ardmore, OK, USA
- Bioenergy Sciences Center (BESC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
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10
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Abdelrahman M, El-Sayed M, Jogaiah S, Burritt DJ, Tran LSP. The "STAY-GREEN" trait and phytohormone signaling networks in plants under heat stress. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2017; 36:1009-1025. [PMID: 28484792 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for food and the heavy yield losses in primary crops due to global warming mean that there is an urgent need to improve food security. Therefore, understanding how plants respond to heat stress and its consequences, such as drought and increased soil salinity, has received much attention in plant science community. Plants exhibit stress tolerance, escape or avoidance via adaptation and acclimatization mechanisms. These mechanisms rely on a high degree of plasticity in their cellular metabolism, in which phytohormones play an important role. "STAY-GREEN" is a crucial trait for genetic improvement of several crops, which allows plants to keep their leaves on the active photosynthetic level under stress conditions. Understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms concomitant with "STAY-GREEN" trait or delayed leaf senescence, as well as those regulating photosynthetic capability of plants under heat stress, with a certain focus on the hormonal pathways, may be a key to break the plateau of productivity associated with adaptation to high temperature. This review will discuss the recent findings that advance our understanding of the mechanisms controlling leaf senescence and hormone signaling cascades under heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Magdi El-Sayed
- Botany Department Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Sudisha Jogaiah
- Plant Healthcare and Diagnostic Center, PG Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580 003, India
| | - David J Burritt
- Department of Botany, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Abiotic Stress Research Group & Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 70000, Vietnam.
- Signaling Pathway Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan.
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Obsa BT, Eglinton J, Coventry S, March T, Langridge P, Fleury D. Genetic analysis of developmental and adaptive traits in three doubled haploid populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2016; 129:1139-51. [PMID: 26908251 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-016-2689-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Study of three interconnected populations identified 13 maturity QTL of which eight collocate with phenology genes, and 18 QTL for traits associated with adaptation to drought-prone environments. QTL for maturity and other adaptive traits affecting barley adaptation were mapped in a drought-prone environment. Three interconnected doubled haploid (DH) populations were developed from inter-crossing three Australian elite genotypes (Commander, Fleet and WI4304). High-density genetic maps were constructed using genotyping by sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) for major phenology genes controlling photoperiod response and vernalization requirement. Field trials were conducted on the three DH populations in six environments at three sites in southern Australia and over two cropping seasons. Phenotypic evaluations were done for maturity, early vigour, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD), leaf waxiness and leaf rolling. Thirteen maturity QTL were identified, all with significant QTL × environment interaction with one exception. Eighteen QTL were detected for other adaptive traits across the three populations, including three QTL for leaf rolling, six for leaf waxiness, three for early vigour, four for NDVI, and two QTL for SPAD. The three interlinked populations with high-density linkage maps described in this study are a significant resource for examining the genetic basis for barley adaptation in low-to-medium rainfall Mediterranean type environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulti Tesso Obsa
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Jason Eglinton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Stewart Coventry
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Timothy March
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Peter Langridge
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Delphine Fleury
- Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, PMB 1, Glen Osmond, SA, 5064, Australia.
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Abou-Elwafa SF. Association mapping for yield and yield-contributing traits in barley under drought conditions with genome-based SSR markers. C R Biol 2016; 339:153-162. [PMID: 27129392 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought negatively affects plant development, growth, yield, and ultimately production of crop species. Association analysis of yield and yield-contributing traits was conducted for a barley germplasm collection consisting 107 wild (Hordeum spontaneum L.) genotypes, originating from 12 countries using 76 SSR markers. Phenotypic evaluations were performed for days to heading, plant height, number of tillers/plant, spike length, thousand kernel weight, single plant yield under well-watered and drought-stress conditions. Highly significant differences between well-watered and drought-stress conditions were observed in all measured traits. Association analysis revealed a total of 83 significant marker-trait associations for all six measured traits. The results revealed that several chromosomal regions significantly influence more than one trait, suggesting a possible existence of pleiotropic or indirect effects. The phenotypic variation explained by individual marker-trait associations ranged from 5.08 to 27.84%. The results demonstrated that wild barley is a valuable source for improving yield and yield-contributing traits for drought tolerance. Our data provide a tool kit for the potential application of marker-assisted selection for drought tolerance in barley.
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Yang D, Li M, Liu Y, Chang L, Cheng H, Chen J, Chai S. Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci and Water Environmental Interactions for Developmental Behaviors of Leaf Greenness in Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:273. [PMID: 27014298 PMCID: PMC4782216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of leaf greenness in wheat, highly responsible for yield potential and resistance to drought stress, has been proved to be quantitatively inherited and susceptible to interact with environments by traditional genetic analysis. In order to further dissect the developmental genetic behaviors of flag leaf greenness under terminal drought, unconditional and conditional QTL mapping strategies were performed with a mixed linear model in 120 F8-derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from two Chinese common wheat cultivars (Longjian 19 × Q9086) in different water environments. A total of 65 additive QTLs (A-QTLs) and 42 pairs of epistatic QTLs (AA-QTLs) were identified as distribution on almost all 21 chromosomes except 5A, explaining from 0.24 to 3.29 % of the phenotypic variation. Of these, 22 A-QTLs and 25 pairs of AA-QTLs were common in two sets of mapping methods but the others differed. These putative QTLs were essentially characteristic of time- and environmentally-dependent expression patterns. Indeed some loci were expressed at two or more stages, while no single QTL was continually active through whole measuring duration. More loci were detected in early growth periods but most of QTL × water environment interactions (QEIs) happened in mid-anaphase, where drought stress was more conducted with negative regulation on QTL expressions. Compared to other genetic components, epistatic effects and additive QEIs effects could be predominant in regulating phenotypic variations during the ontogeny of leaf greenness. Several QTL cluster regions were suggestive of tight linkage or expression pleiotropy in the inheritance of these traits. Some reproducibly-expressed QTLs or common loci consistent with previously detected would be useful to the genetic improvement of staygreen types in wheat through MAS, especially in water-deficit environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Yang
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Mengfei Li
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Lei Chang
- School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science/School of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
| | - Shouxi Chai
- School of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou, China
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14
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Association mapping for drought tolerance in barley at the reproductive stage. C R Biol 2016; 339:51-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wehner GG, Balko CC, Enders MM, Humbeck KK, Ordon FF. Identification of genomic regions involved in tolerance to drought stress and drought stress induced leaf senescence in juvenile barley. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:125. [PMID: 25998066 PMCID: PMC4440603 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0524-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature leaf senescence induced by external stress conditions, e.g. drought stress, is a main factor for yield losses in barley. Research in drought stress tolerance has become more important as due to climate change the number of drought periods will increase and tolerance to drought stress has become a goal of high interest in barley breeding. Therefore, the aim is to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) involved in drought stress induced leaf senescence and drought stress tolerance in early developmental stages of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by applying genome wide association studies (GWAS) on a set of 156 winter barley genotypes. RESULTS After a four weeks stress period (BBCH 33) leaf colour as an indicator of leaf senescence, electron transport rate at photosystem II, content of free proline, content of soluble sugars, osmolality and the aboveground biomass indicative for drought stress response were determined in the control and stress variant in greenhouse pot experiments. Significant phenotypic variation was observed for all traits analysed. Heritabilities ranged between 0.27 for osmolality and 0.61 for leaf colour in stress treatment and significant effects of genotype, treatment and genotype x treatment were estimated for most traits analysed. Based on these phenotypic data and 3,212 polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) with a minor allele frequency >5% derived from the Illumina 9 k iSelect SNP Chip, 181 QTL were detected for all traits analysed. Major QTLs for drought stress and leaf senescence were located on chromosome 5H and 2H. BlastX search for associated marker sequences revealed that respective SNPs are in some cases located in proteins related to drought stress or leaf senescence, e.g. nucleotide pyrophosphatase (AVP1) or serine/ threonin protein kinase (SAPK9). CONCLUSIONS GWAS resulted in the identification of many QTLs involved in drought stress and leaf senescence of which two major QTLs for drought stress and leaf senescence were located on chromosome 5H and 2H. Results may be the basis to incorporate breeding for tolerance to drought stress or leaf senescence in barley breeding via marker based selection procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolin G Wehner
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, Sanitz, 18190, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Christiane C Balko
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Rudolf-Schick-Platz 3, Sanitz, 18190, Germany.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Matthias M Enders
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, Quedlinburg, 06484, Germany.
| | - Klaus K Humbeck
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Biology, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
| | - Frank F Ordon
- Interdisciplinary Center for Crop Plant Research (IZN), Hoher Weg 8, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany.
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Resistance Research and Stress Tolerance, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, Quedlinburg, 06484, Germany.
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16
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Anami SE, Zhang L, Xia Y, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Jing H. Sweet sorghum ideotypes: genetic improvement of stress tolerance. Food Energy Secur 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvester Elikana Anami
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
- Institute of Biotechnology Research Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya
| | - Li‐Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Yu‐Miao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Zhi‐Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
| | - Hai‐Chun Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100093 China
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17
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Abstract
Stay-green (sometimes staygreen) refers to the heritable delayed foliar senescence character in model and crop plant species. In a cosmetic stay-green, a lesion interferes with an early step in chlorophyll catabolism. The possible contribution of synthesis to chlorophyll turnover in cosmetic stay-greens is considered. In functional stay-greens, the transition from the carbon capture period to the nitrogen mobilization (senescence) phase of canopy development is delayed, and/or the senescence syndrome proceeds slowly. Yield and composition in high-carbon (C) crops such as cereals, and in high-nitrogen (N) species such as legumes, reflect the source-sink relationship with canopy C capture and N remobilization. Quantitative trait loci studies show that functional stay-green is a valuable trait for improving crop stress tolerance, and is associated with the domestication syndrome in cereals. Stay-green variants reveal how autumnal senescence and dormancy are coordinated in trees. The stay-green phenotype can be the result of alterations in hormone metabolism and signalling, particularly affecting networks involving cytokinins and ethylene. Members of the WRKY and NAC families, and an ever-expanding cast of additional senescence-associated transcription factors, are identifiable by mutations that result in stay-green. Empirical selection for functional stay-green has contributed to increasing crop yields, particularly where it is part of a strategy that also targets other traits such as sink capacity and environmental sensitivity and is associated with appropriate crop management methodology. The onset and progress of senescence are phenological metrics that show climate change sensitivity, indicating that understanding stay-green can contribute to the design of appropriate crop types for future environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Thomas
- IBERS, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
| | - Helen Ougham
- IBERS, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3FG, UK
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Distelfeld A, Avni R, Fischer AM. Senescence, nutrient remobilization, and yield in wheat and barley. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:3783-98. [PMID: 24470467 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cereals including wheat and barley are of primary importance to ensure food security for the 21st century. A combination of lab- and field-based approaches has led to a considerably improved understanding of the importance of organ and particularly of whole-plant (monocarpic) senescence for wheat and barley yield and quality. A delicate balance between senescence timing, grain nutrient content, nutrient-use efficiency, and yield needs to be considered to (further) improve cereal varieties for a given environment and end use. The recent characterization of the Gpc-1 (NAM-1) genes in wheat and barley demonstrates the interdependence of these traits. Lines or varieties with functional Gpc-1 genes demonstrate earlier senescence and enhanced grain protein and micronutrient content but, depending on the environment, somewhat reduced yields. A major effort is needed to dissect regulatory networks centred on additional wheat and barley transcription factors and signalling pathways influencing the senescence process. Similarly, while important molecular details of nutrient (particularly nitrogen) remobilization from senescing organs to developing grains have been identified, important knowledge gaps remain. The genes coding for the major proteases involved in senescence-associated plastidial protein degradation are largely unknown. Membrane transport proteins involved in the different transport steps occurring between senescing organ (such as leaf mesophyll) cells and protein bodies in the endosperm of developing grains remain to be identified or further characterized. Existing data suggest that an improved understanding of all these steps will reveal additional, important targets for continued cereal improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Distelfeld
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel
| | - Raz Avni
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Israel
| | - Andreas M Fischer
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, 119 Plant BioScience Building, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150, USA
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