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Jaffredo M, Krentz NA, Champon B, Duff CE, Nawaz S, Beer N, Honore C, Clark A, Rorsman P, Lang J, Gloyn AL, Raoux M, Hastoy B. Electrophysiological Characterization of Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Human β-Like Cells and an SLC30A8 Disease Model. Diabetes 2024; 73:1255-1265. [PMID: 38985991 PMCID: PMC11262041 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Inducible pluripotent stem cell-derived human β-like cells (BLCs) hold promise for both therapy and disease modeling, but their generation remains challenging and their functional analyses beyond transcriptomic and morphological assessments remain limited. Here, we validate an approach using multicellular and single-cell electrophysiological tools to evaluate function of BLCs from pioneer protocols that can be easily adapted to more differentiated BLCs. The multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) measuring the extracellular electrical activity revealed that BLCs, like primary β-cells, are electrically coupled and produce slow potential (SP) signals that are closely linked to insulin secretion. We also used high-resolution single-cell patch clamp measurements to capture the exocytotic properties, and characterize voltage-gated sodium and calcium currents, and found that they were comparable with those in primary β- and EndoC-βH1 cells. The KATP channel conductance is greater than in human primary β-cells, which may account for the limited glucose responsiveness observed with MEA. We used MEAs to study the impact of the type 2 diabetes-protective SLC30A8 allele (p.Lys34Serfs50*) and found that BLCs with this allele have stronger electrical coupling activity. Our data suggest that BLCs can be used to evaluate the functional impact of genetic variants on β-cell function and coupling. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jaffredo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Nicole A.J. Krentz
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Claire E. Duff
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Sameena Nawaz
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- King Abdulaziz University and University of Oxford Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine (KO-CAIPM), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Nicola Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Jochen Lang
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Matthieu Raoux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
- King Abdulaziz University and University of Oxford Centre for Artificial Intelligence in Precision Medicine (KO-CAIPM), University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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2
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Toledo MP, Xie G, Wang YJ. Comprehensive Characterization of Islet Remodeling in Development and in Diabetes Using Mass Cytometry. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae094. [PMID: 39058908 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The pancreatic islet is the functional and structural unit of the pancreatic endocrine portion. Islet remodeling occurs in both normal development and pathogenesis of type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, accurately quantifying changes in islet cellular makeup and hormone expressions poses significant challenges due to large intra- and inter-donor heterogeneity and the limited scalability of traditional methods such as immunostaining. The cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) technology enables simultaneous quantification of more than 30 protein markers at single-cell resolution in a high-throughput fashion. Moreover, with distinct DNA and viability markers, single live cells can be explicitly selected in CyTOF. Here, leveraging the CyTOF data generated by the Human Pancreas Analysis Program, we characterized more than 12 million islet cells from 71 donors. Our data revealed continued age-related changes in islet endocrine cell compositions, but the maturity of endocrine cells is reached by 3 years of age. We also observed significant changes in beta cell numbers and key protein expressions, along with a significant increase in bihormonal cells in T1D donors. In contrast, T2D donors exhibited minimal islet remodeling events. Our data shine a light on the islet dynamics during development and diabetes pathogenesis and suggest divergent pathogenesis processes of T1D and T2D. Our comprehensive approach not only elucidates islet plasticity but also establishes a foundation for integrated CyTOF analysis in islet biology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Toledo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Gengqiang Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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Zhao J, Liang S, Cen HH, Li Y, Baker RK, Ruprai B, Gao G, Zhang C, Ren H, Tang C, Chen L, Liu Y, Lynn FC, Johnson JD, Kieffer TJ. PDX1+ cell budding morphogenesis in a stem cell-derived islet spheroid system. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5894. [PMID: 39003281 PMCID: PMC11246529 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50109-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Remarkable advances in protocol development have been achieved to manufacture insulin-secreting islets from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Distinct from current approaches, we devised a tunable strategy to generate islet spheroids enriched for major islet cell types by incorporating PDX1+ cell budding morphogenesis into staged differentiation. In this process that appears to mimic normal islet morphogenesis, the differentiating islet spheroids organize with endocrine cells that are intermingled or arranged in a core-mantle architecture, accompanied with functional heterogeneity. Through in vitro modelling of human pancreas development, we illustrate the importance of PDX1 and the requirement for EphB3/4 signaling in eliciting cell budding morphogenesis. Using this new approach, we model Mitchell-Riley syndrome with RFX6 knockout hPSCs illustrating unexpected morphogenesis defects in the differentiation towards islet cells. The tunable differentiation system and stem cell-derived islet models described in this work may facilitate addressing fundamental questions in islet biology and probing human pancreas diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Shenghui Liang
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Haoning Howard Cen
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Robert K Baker
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Balwinder Ruprai
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guang Gao
- Imaging Core Facility, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Chloe Zhang
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Huixia Ren
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Tang
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, School of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francis C Lynn
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Cellular & Physiological Sciences and Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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4
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Chernysheva МB, Ruchko ЕS, Karimova МV, Vorotelyak ЕA, Vasiliev АV. Development, regeneration, and physiological expansion of functional β-cells: Cellular sources and regulators. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1424278. [PMID: 39045459 PMCID: PMC11263198 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1424278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic regeneration is a complex process observed in both normal and pathological conditions. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of a functionally active population of insulin-secreting β-cells in the adult pancreas. The renewal of β-cells is governed by a multifaceted interaction between cellular sources of genetic and epigenetic factors. Understanding the development and heterogeneity of β-cell populations is crucial for functional β-cell regeneration. The functional mass of pancreatic β-cells increases in situations such as pregnancy and obesity. However, the specific markers of mature β-cell populations and postnatal pancreatic progenitors capable of increasing self-reproduction in these conditions remain to be elucidated. The capacity to regenerate the β-cell population through various pathways, including the proliferation of pre-existing β-cells, β-cell neogenesis, differentiation of β-cells from a population of progenitor cells, and transdifferentiation of non-β-cells into β-cells, reveals crucial molecular mechanisms for identifying cellular sources and inducers of functional cell renewal. This provides an opportunity to identify specific cellular sources and mechanisms of regeneration, which could have clinical applications in treating various pathologies, including in vitro cell-based technologies, and deepen our understanding of regeneration in different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- М. B. Chernysheva
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Е. S. Ruchko
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - М. V. Karimova
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, The Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Е. A. Vorotelyak
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
| | - А. V. Vasiliev
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Moscow, Russia
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5
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Li Y, Xu M, Chen J, Huang J, Cao J, Chen H, Zhang J, Luo Y, Wang Y, Sun J. Ameliorating and refining islet organoids to illuminate treatment and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:188. [PMID: 38937834 PMCID: PMC11210168 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a significant global public health challenge, severely impacts human health worldwide. The organoid, an innovative in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture model, closely mimics tissues or organs in vivo. Insulin-secreting islet organoid, derived from stem cells induced in vitro with 3D structures, has emerged as a potential alternative for islet transplantation and as a possible disease model that mirrors the human body's in vivo environment, eliminating species difference. This technology has gained considerable attention for its potential in diabetes treatment. Despite advances, the process of stem cell differentiation into islet organoid and its cultivation demonstrates deficiencies, prompting ongoing efforts to develop more efficient differentiation protocols and 3D biomimetic materials. At present, the constructed islet organoid exhibit limitations in their composition, structure, and functionality when compared to natural islets. Consequently, further research is imperative to achieve a multi-tissue system composition and improved insulin secretion functionality in islet organoid, while addressing transplantation-related safety concerns, such as tumorigenicity, immune rejection, infection, and thrombosis. This review delves into the methodologies and strategies for constructing the islet organoid, its application in diabetes treatment, and the pivotal scientific challenges within organoid research, offering fresh perspectives for a deeper understanding of diabetes pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiansong Huang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Cao
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huajing Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yazhuo Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jia Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Spezani R, Reis-Barbosa PH, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Update on the transdifferentiation of pancreatic cells into functional beta cells for treating diabetes. Life Sci 2024; 346:122645. [PMID: 38614297 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The increasing global prevalence and associated comorbidities need innovative approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention and treatment. Genetics contributes significantly to T2DM susceptibility, and genetic counseling is significant in detecting and informing people about the diabetic risk. T2DM is also intricately linked to overnutrition and obesity, and nutritional advising is beneficial to mitigate diabetic evolution. However, manipulating pancreatic cell plasticity and transdifferentiation could help beta cell regeneration and glucose homeostasis, effectively contributing to the antidiabetic fight. Targeted modulation of transcription factors is highlighted for their roles in various aspects of pancreatic cell differentiation and function, inducing non-beta cells' conversion into functional beta cells (responsive to glucose). In addition, pharmacological interventions targeting specific receptors and pathways might facilitate cell transdifferentiation aiming to maintain or increase beta cell mass and function. However, the mechanisms underlying cellular reprogramming are not yet well understood. The present review highlights the primary transcriptional factors in the endocrine pancreas, focusing on transdifferentiation as a primary mechanism. Therefore, islet cell reprogramming, converting one cell type to another and transforming non-beta cells into insulin-producing cells, depends, among others, on transcription factors. It is a promising fact that new transcription factors are discovered every day, and their actions on pancreatic islet cells are revealed. Exploring these pathways associated with pancreatic development and islet endocrine cell differentiation could unravel the molecular intricacies underlying transdifferentiation processes, exploring novel therapeutic strategies to treat diabetes. The medical use of this biotechnology is expected to be achievable within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Spezani
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Reis-Barbosa
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, Cardiovascular Disease, Institute of Biology, Biomedical Center, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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7
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Salas-Escabillas DJ, Hoffman MT, Moore JS, Brender SM, Wen HJ, Benitz S, Davis ET, Long D, Wombwell AM, Steele NG, Sears RC, Matsumoto I, DelGiorno KE, Crawford HC. Tuft cells transdifferentiate to neural-like progenitor cells in the progression of pancreatic cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.12.579982. [PMID: 38405804 PMCID: PMC10888969 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.12.579982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is partly initiated through the transdifferentiation of acinar cells to metaplastic ducts that act as precursors of neoplasia and cancer. Tuft cells are solitary chemosensory cells not found in the normal pancreas but arise in metaplasia and neoplasia, diminishing as neoplastic lesions progress to carcinoma. Metaplastic tuft cells (mTCs) function to suppress tumor progression through communication with the tumor microenvironment, but their fate during progression is unknown. To determine the fate of mTCs during PDA progression, we have created a lineage tracing model that uses a tamoxifen-inducible tuft-cell specific Pou2f3CreERT/+ driver to induce transgene expression, including the lineage tracer tdTomato or the oncogene Myc. mTC lineage trace models of pancreatic neoplasia and carcinoma were used to follow mTC fate. We found that mTCs, in the carcinoma model, transdifferentiate into neural-like progenitor cells (NRPs), a cell type associated with poor survival in PDA patients. Using conditional knock-out and overexpression systems, we found that Myc activity in mTCs is necessary and sufficient to induce this Tuft-to-Neuroendocrine-Transition (TNT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Salas-Escabillas
- Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Megan T. Hoffman
- Department of Immunology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Hui-Ju Wen
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | - Simone Benitz
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Dan Long
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
| | | | | | - Rosalie C. Sears
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | | | - Kathleen E. DelGiorno
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Howard C. Crawford
- Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI
- Cancer Biology Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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8
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Schmidt MD, Ishahak M, Augsornworawat P, Millman JR. Comparative and integrative single cell analysis reveals new insights into the transcriptional immaturity of stem cell-derived β cells. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:105. [PMID: 38267908 PMCID: PMC10807170 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes cell replacement therapy has the potential to be transformed by human pluripotent stem cell-derived β cells (SC-β cells). However, the precise identity of SC-β cells in relationship to primary fetal and adult β-cells remains unclear. Here, we used single-cell sequencing datasets to characterize the transcriptional identity of islets from in vitro differentiation, fetal islets, and adult islets. Our analysis revealed that SC-β cells share a core β-cell transcriptional identity with human adult and fetal β-cells, however SC-β cells possess a unique transcriptional profile characterized by the persistent expression and activation of progenitor and neural-biased gene networks. These networks are present in SC-β cells, irrespective of the derivation protocol used. Notably, fetal β-cells also exhibit this neural signature at the transcriptional level. Our findings offer insights into the transcriptional identity of SC-β cells and underscore the need for further investigation of the role of neural transcriptional networks in their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mason D Schmidt
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Matthew Ishahak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Punn Augsornworawat
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey R Millman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, MSC 8127-057-08, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
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9
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Sepyani S, Momenzadeh S, Safabakhsh S, Nedaeinia R, Salehi R. Therapeutic approaches for Type 1 Diabetes: Promising cell-based approaches to achieve ultimate success. SLAS DISCOVERY : ADVANCING LIFE SCIENCES R & D 2024; 29:23-33. [PMID: 37977308 DOI: 10.1016/j.slasd.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by pancreatic β-cells destruction. Despite substantial advances in T1DM treatment, lifelong exogenous insulin administration is the mainstay of treatments, and constant control of glucose levels is still a challenge. Endogenous insulin production by replacing insulin-producing cells is an alternative, but the lack of suitable donors is accounted as one of the main obstacles to its widespread application. The research and trials overview demonstrates that endogenous production of insulin has started to go beyond the deceased-derived to stem cells-derived insulin-producing cells. Several protocols have been developed over the past couple of years for generating insulin-producing cells (IPCs) from various stem cell types and reprogramming fully differentiated cells. A straightforward and quick method for achieving this goal is to investigate and apply the β-cell specific transcription factors as a direct strategy for IPCs generation. In this review, we emphasize the significance of transcription factors in IPCs development from different non-beta cell sources, and pertinent research underlies the marked progress in the methods for generating insulin-producing cells and application for Type 1 Diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sepyani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Momenzadeh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Saied Safabakhsh
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, 736 Route 4, Suite 103, Sinajana, GU 96910, United States
| | - Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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10
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Jaffredo M, Krentz NAJ, Champon B, Duff CE, Nawaz S, Beer N, Honore C, Clark A, Rorsman P, Lang J, Gloyn AL, Raoux M, Hastoy B. Electrophysiological characterisation of iPSC-derived human β-like cells and an SLC30A8 disease model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.17.561014. [PMID: 37905040 PMCID: PMC10614917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.17.561014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
iPSC-derived human β-like cells (BLC) hold promise for both therapy and disease modelling, but their generation remains challenging and their functional analyses beyond transcriptomic and morphological assessments remain limited. Here, we validate an approach using multicellular and single cell electrophysiological tools to evaluate BLCs functions. The Multi-Electrode Arrays (MEAs) measuring the extracellular electrical activity revealed that BLCs are electrically coupled, produce slow potential (SP) signals like primary β-cells that are closely linked to insulin secretion. We also used high-resolution single-cell patch-clamp measurements to capture the exocytotic properties, and characterize voltage-gated sodium and calcium currents. These were comparable to those in primary β and EndoC-βH1 cells. The KATP channel conductance is greater than in human primary β cells which may account for the limited glucose responsiveness observed with MEA. We used MEAs to study the impact of the type 2 diabetes protective SLC30A8 allele (p.Lys34Serfs*50) and found that BLCs with this allele have stronger electrical coupling. Our data suggest that with an adapted approach BLCs from pioneer protocol can be used to evaluate the functional impact of genetic variants on β-cell function and coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Jaffredo
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Nicole A. J. Krentz
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
| | - Benoite Champon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claire E. Duff
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sameena Nawaz
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Beer
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Clark
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Lang
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Anna L. Gloyn
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthieu Raoux
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Pessac, France
| | - Benoit Hastoy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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11
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Ma Z, Zhang X, Zhong W, Yi H, Chen X, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Song E, Xu T. Deciphering early human pancreas development at the single-cell level. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5354. [PMID: 37660175 PMCID: PMC10475098 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40893-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding pancreas development can provide clues for better treatments of pancreatic diseases. However, the molecular heterogeneity and developmental trajectory of the early human pancreas are poorly explored. Here, we performed large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing and single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin sequencing of human embryonic pancreas tissue obtained from first-trimester embryos. We unraveled the molecular heterogeneity, developmental trajectories and regulatory networks of the major cell types. The results reveal that dorsal pancreatic multipotent cells in humans exhibit different gene expression patterns than ventral multipotent cells. Pancreato-biliary progenitors that generate ventral multipotent cells in humans were identified. Notch and MAPK signals from mesenchymal cells regulate the differentiation of multipotent cells into trunk and duct cells. Notably, we identified endocrine progenitor subclusters with different differentiation potentials. Although the developmental trajectories are largely conserved between humans and mice, some distinct gene expression patterns have also been identified. Overall, we provide a comprehensive landscape of early human pancreas development to understand its lineage transitions and molecular complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ma
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Linköping University, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hongyan Yi
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Center for High Throughput Sequencing, Core Facility for Protein Research, Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yinsuo Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanlin Ma
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Reproductive Medicine and Genetic Research, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Diseases Research and Translation (Hainan Medical University), Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570102, China.
| | - Eli Song
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tao Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
- Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China.
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
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12
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Rout S, Amirtham SM, Prasad M, Cherian AG, B SR, Sudhakar Y, Prince N. In Vitro Human Fetal Pancreatic Islets to Redefine Pancreatic Research. Cureus 2023; 15:e43244. [PMID: 37692623 PMCID: PMC10491859 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro studies with human fetal islets of different gestational ages (GA) would be a great tool to generate information on the developmental process of the islets as this would help to recontextualize diabetes research and clinical practice. Pancreatic islets from human cadavers and other animal species are extensively researched to explore their suitability for islet transplantation procedure, one of the upcoming treatment strategies for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Although human fetal islets are also considered for islet transplantation, ethical issues and limited knowledge constraints their use. The fetal islets could be explored to address the information lacunae on the maturity process of pancreatic islets and the endocrine-exocrine signaling mechanisms. AIM This study aimed to assess the feasibility of isolating viable islets and study the cytoarchitecture of the fetal pancreas of GA 22-29 weeks, not reported otherwise. METHODOLOGY Pancreas obtained from the aborted fetuses of GA 22-29 weeks were subjected to collagenase digestion and were further cultured to determine the viability in vitro. Parameters assessed were expression of markers for endocrine cell lineages and insulin release to glucose challenge. RESULTS Islets were viable in vitro and islets were shown to maintain cues for post-digestion re-aggregation and expansion in culture. The immunofluorescent staining showed islets of varying sizes, homogenous cell clusters aggregating to form heterogenous cell clusters, otherwise not reported for this GA. On stimulation with different concentrations of glucose (2.8 and 28 mM), the fetal islets in the culture exhibited insulin release, and this response confirmed their viability in vitro. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that viable islets could be isolated and cultured in vitro for further in-depth studies to explore their proliferative potential as well as for the identification of pancreatic progenitors, a good strategy to take forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipra Rout
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | | | - Mythraeyee Prasad
- Anatomy, Velammal Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, IND
| | | | - Sandya Rani B
- Research, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
| | - Yesudas Sudhakar
- Biochemistry, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
| | - Neetu Prince
- Physiology, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, IND
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13
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Aldous N, Moin ASM, Abdelalim EM. Pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in adult human islets and stem cell-derived islets. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:176. [PMID: 37270452 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04815-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies reported that pancreatic β-cells are heterogeneous in terms of their transcriptional profiles and their abilities for insulin secretion. Sub-populations of pancreatic β-cells have been identified based on the functionality and expression of specific surface markers. Under diabetes condition, β-cell identity is altered leading to different β-cell sub-populations. Furthermore, cell-cell contact between β-cells and other endocrine cells within the islet play an important role in regulating insulin secretion. This highlights the significance of generating a cell product derived from stem cells containing β-cells along with other major islet cells for treating patients with diabetes, instead of transplanting a purified population of β-cells. Another key question is how close in terms of heterogeneity are the islet cells derived from stem cells? In this review, we summarize the heterogeneity in islet cells of the adult pancreas and those generated from stem cells. In addition, we highlight the significance of this heterogeneity in health and disease conditions and how this can be used to design a stem cell-derived product for diabetes cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Aldous
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Bahrain, Adliya, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Essam M Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, Doha, Qatar.
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, PO Box 34110, Doha, Qatar.
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14
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Rubin de Celis MF, Bonner-Weir S. Improving stem cell-derived pancreatic islets using single-cell multi-inferred regulomes. Dev Cell 2023; 58:725-726. [PMID: 37160100 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this issue of Developmental Cell, Zhu et al. provide integrated data from single-cell/nuclei RNAseq and chromatin accessibility (ATAC) across both a multistaged differentiation protocol-deriving pancreatic islets from hESCs and primary islets. This important resource could be leveraged for optimizing the differentiation and maturation of pancreatic islet cells from hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Rubin de Celis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Susan Bonner-Weir
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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15
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Abuarqoub D, Adwan S, Zaza R, Wehaibi S, Aslam N, Jafar H, Qinnah N, Awidi A. Effective Generation of Functional Pancreatic β Cells from Human-Derived Dental Stem Cells of Apical Papilla and Bone-Marrow-Derived Stem Cells: A Comparative Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050649. [PMID: 37242432 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 is an autoimmune disease that occurs due to the destruction of insulin-producing cells (β cells), resulting in hyperglycemia. Therefore, diabetic patients depend on insulin treatment for the rest of their lives. Stem cells are considered a promising cellular therapy to replace the nonfunctional beta cells with functional and mature beta cells. Hence, in this study, we aimed to examine the potential of dental stem cells of apical papilla (SCAP) to differentiate into functional islet cell aggregates (ICAs), compared to the ICA generated from bone-marrow-derived stem cells (BM-MSCs). Our strategy was to induce the differentiation of SCAP and BM-MSCs into a definitive endoderm. The success of endodermal differentiation was determined by measuring the expression of definitive endodermal markers, FOXA2 and SOX-17, by flow cytometry. Next, the maturity and functionality of the differentiated cells were evaluated by measuring the amount of insulin and C-peptide secreted by the derived ICAs using ELISA. Additionally, the expression of mature beta cell markers-insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and PDX-1-was detected through confocal microscopy, while the staining of the mature islet-like clusters was detected by using diphenythiocarbazone (DTZ). Our results have shown that both SCAP and BM-MSCs were sequentially committed to a definitive pancreatic endoderm and β-cell-like cells by upregulating the expression of FOXA2 and SOX17 significantly (**** p < 0.0000 and *** p = 0.0001), respectively. Moreover, the identity of ICAs was confirmed by DTZ-positive staining, as well as by the expression of C-peptide, Pdx-1, insulin and glucagon at day 14. It was noted that at day 14, differentiated ICAs released insulin and C-peptides in a significant manner (* p < 0.01, *** p = 0.0001), respectively, exhibiting in vitro functionality. Our results demonstrated for the first time that SCAP could be differentiated into pancreatic cell lineage in a similar manner to BM-MSCs, suggesting a new unambiguous and nonconventional source of stem cells that could be used for stem cell therapy to treat diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Sofia Adwan
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Madaba 11821, Jordan
| | - Rand Zaza
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Suha Wehaibi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Nidal Qinnah
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
- University of Petra Pharmaceutical Center (UPP), University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
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16
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Tremmel DM, Mikat AE, Gupta S, Mitchell SA, Curran AM, Menadue JA, Odorico JS, Sackett SD. Validating expression of beta cell maturation-associated genes in human pancreas development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1103719. [PMID: 36846594 PMCID: PMC9945361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of genes associated with human pancreatic beta cell maturation could stimulate a better understanding of normal human islet development and function, be informative for improving stem cell-derived islet (SC-islet) differentiation, and facilitate the sorting of more mature beta cells from a pool of differentiated cells. While several candidate factors to mark beta cell maturation have been identified, much of the data supporting these markers come from animal models or differentiated SC-islets. One such marker is Urocortin-3 (UCN3). In this study, we provide evidence that UCN3 is expressed in human fetal islets well before the acquisition of functional maturation. When SC-islets expressing significant levels of UCN3 were generated, the cells did not exhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, indicating that UCN3 expression is not correlated with functional maturation in these cells. We utilized our tissue bank and SC-islet resources to test an array of other candidate maturation-associated genes, and identified CHGB, G6PC2, FAM159B, GLUT1, IAPP and ENTPD3 as markers with expression patterns that correlate developmentally with the onset of functional maturation in human beta cells. We also find that human beta cell expression of ERO1LB, HDAC9, KLF9, and ZNT8 does not change between fetal and adult stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Tremmel
- *Correspondence: Daniel M. Tremmel, ; Sara Dutton Sackett, ; Jon S. Odorico,
| | - Anna E. Mikat
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Division, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sakar Gupta
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Division, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Samantha A. Mitchell
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Division, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Andrew M. Curran
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Division, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jenna A. Menadue
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Surgery, Transplantation Division, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Jon S. Odorico
- *Correspondence: Daniel M. Tremmel, ; Sara Dutton Sackett, ; Jon S. Odorico,
| | - Sara Dutton Sackett
- *Correspondence: Daniel M. Tremmel, ; Sara Dutton Sackett, ; Jon S. Odorico,
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17
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Yang L, Hu ZM, Jiang FX, Wang W. Stem cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes: Are we still on the road? World J Stem Cells 2022; 14:503-512. [PMID: 36157527 PMCID: PMC9350623 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In insulin-dependent diabetes, the islet β cells do not produce enough insulin and the patients must receive exogenous insulin to control blood sugar. However, there are still many deficiencies in exogenous insulin supplementation. Therefore, the replacement of destroyed functional β cells with insulin-secreting cells derived from functional stem cells is a good idea as a new therapeutic idea. This review introduces the development schedule of mouse and human embryonic islets. The differences between mouse and human pancreas embryo development were also listed. Accordingly to the different sources of stem cells, the important research achievements on the differentiation of insulin-secreting β cells of stem cells and the current research status of stem cell therapy for diabetes were reviewed. Stem cell replacement therapy is a promising treatment for diabetes, caused by defective insulin secretion, but there are still many problems to be solved, such as the biosafety and reliability of treatment, the emergence of tumors during treatment, untargeted differentiation and autoimmunity, etc. Therefore, further understanding of stem cell therapy for insulin is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhu-Meng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
| | - Fang-Xu Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth 6000, Australia
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361100, Fujian Province, China
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18
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Yang L, Hu ZM, Jiang FX, Wang W. Stem cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes: Are we still on the road? World J Stem Cells 2022. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v14.i7.503 yang l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Chmielowiec J, Szlachcic WJ, Yang D, Scavuzzo MA, Wamble K, Sarrion-Perdigones A, Sabek OM, Venken KJT, Borowiak M. Human pancreatic microenvironment promotes β-cell differentiation via non-canonical WNT5A/JNK and BMP signaling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1952. [PMID: 35414140 PMCID: PMC9005503 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29646-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro derivation of pancreatic β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells holds promise as diabetes treatment. Despite recent progress, efforts to generate physiologically competent β-cells are still hindered by incomplete understanding of the microenvironment's role in β-cell development and maturation. Here, we analyze the human mesenchymal and endothelial primary cells from weeks 9-20 fetal pancreas and identify a time point-specific microenvironment that permits β-cell differentiation. Further, we uncover unique factors that guide in vitro development of endocrine progenitors, with WNT5A markedly improving human β-cell differentiation. WNT5A initially acts through the non-canonical (JNK/c-JUN) WNT signaling and cooperates with Gremlin1 to inhibit the BMP pathway during β-cell maturation. Interestingly, we also identify the endothelial-derived Endocan as a SST+ cell promoting factor. Overall, our study shows that the pancreatic microenvironment-derived factors can mimic in vivo conditions in an in vitro system to generate bona fide β-cells for translational applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Chmielowiec
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Wojciech J Szlachcic
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Diane Yang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marissa A Scavuzzo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katrina Wamble
- Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alejandro Sarrion-Perdigones
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Omaima M Sabek
- Department of Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.,Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Koen J T Venken
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Department, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, 61-614, Poznan, Poland. .,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,McNair Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Perez-Frances M, Abate MV, Baronnier D, Scherer PE, Fujitani Y, Thorel F, Herrera PL. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells emerge as fetal hormone-expressing cells. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110377. [PMID: 35172145 PMCID: PMC8864465 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise developmental dynamics of the pancreatic islet endocrine cell types, and their interrelation, are unknown. Some authors claim the persistence of islet cell differentiation from precursor cells after birth (“neogenesis”). Here, using four conditional cell lineage tracing (“pulse-and-chase”) murine models, we describe the natural history of pancreatic islet cells, once they express a hormone gene, until late in life. Concerning the contribution of early-appearing embryonic hormone-expressing cells to the formation of islets, we report that adult islet cells emerge from embryonic hormone-expressing cells arising at different time points during development, without any evidence of postnatal neogenesis. We observe specific patterns of hormone gene activation and switching during islet morphogenesis, revealing that, within each cell type, cells have heterogeneous developmental trajectories. This likely applies to most maturating cells in the body, and explains the observed phenotypic variability within differentiated cell types. Such knowledge should help devising novel regenerative therapies. Adult pancreatic islet endocrine cells arise as embryonic hormone-expressing cells No detectable islet cell differentiation from putative precursor cells after birth Some embryonic hormone-producing cells display a switch in hormone gene expression
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Perez-Frances
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Valentina Abate
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Baronnier
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Departments of Internal Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-8549, USA
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology & Metabolism, Institute for Molecular & Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8512, Japan
| | - Fabrizio Thorel
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine & Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Fasolino M, Schwartz GW, Patil AR, Mongia A, Golson ML, Wang YJ, Morgan A, Liu C, Schug J, Liu J, Wu M, Traum D, Kondo A, May CL, Goldman N, Wang W, Feldman M, Moore JH, Japp AS, Betts MR, Faryabi RB, Naji A, Kaestner KH, Vahedi G. Single-cell multi-omics analysis of human pancreatic islets reveals novel cellular states in type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab 2022; 4:284-299. [PMID: 35228745 PMCID: PMC8938904 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which immune cells destroy insulin-producing beta cells. The aetiology of this complex disease is dependent on the interplay of multiple heterogeneous cell types in the pancreatic environment. Here, we provide a single-cell atlas of pancreatic islets of 24 T1D, autoantibody-positive and nondiabetic organ donors across multiple quantitative modalities including ~80,000 cells using single-cell transcriptomics, ~7,000,000 cells using cytometry by time of flight and ~1,000,000 cells using in situ imaging mass cytometry. We develop an advanced integrative analytical strategy to assess pancreatic islets and identify canonical cell types. We show that a subset of exocrine ductal cells acquires a signature of tolerogenic dendritic cells in an apparent attempt at immune suppression in T1D donors. Our multimodal analyses delineate cell types and processes that may contribute to T1D immunopathogenesis and provide an integrative procedure for exploration and discovery of human pancreatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Fasolino
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gregory W Schwartz
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abhijeet R Patil
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aanchal Mongia
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria L Golson
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue J Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashleigh Morgan
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan Schug
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Minghui Wu
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Traum
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ayano Kondo
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Catherine L May
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Goldman
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Feldman
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason H Moore
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alberto S Japp
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael R Betts
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert B Faryabi
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ali Naji
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Klaus H Kaestner
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Golnaz Vahedi
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Epigenetics Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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22
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Wang X, Gao M, Wang Y, Zhang Y. The progress of pluripotent stem cell-derived pancreatic β-cells regeneration for diabetic therapy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:927324. [PMID: 35966093 PMCID: PMC9365963 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.927324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, characterized by high blood glucose levels either due to an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion or an ineffective response of cells to insulin, a hormone synthetized by β-cells in the pancreas. Despite the current substantial progress of new drugs and strategies to prevent and treat diabetes, we do not understand precisely the exact cause of the failure and impairment of β-cells. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new methods to restore β-cells. In recent years, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) can serve as an ideal alternative source for the pancreatic β-cells. In this review, we systematically summarize the current progress and protocols of generating pancreatic β-cells from human PSCs. Meanwhile, we also discuss some challenges and future perspectives of human PSCs treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Third Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Mengxi Gao
- China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- The Third Norman Bethune Clinical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yucheng Zhang, ; Yali Wang,
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Yucheng Zhang, ; Yali Wang,
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23
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Alvarez Fallas ME, Pedraza-Arevalo S, Cujba AM, Manea T, Lambert C, Morrugares R, Sancho R. Stem/progenitor cells in normal physiology and disease of the pancreas. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111459. [PMID: 34543699 PMCID: PMC8573583 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Though embryonic pancreas progenitors are well characterised, the existence of stem/progenitor cells in the postnatal mammalian pancreas has been long debated, mainly due to contradicting results on regeneration after injury or disease in mice. Despite these controversies, sequencing advancements combined with lineage tracing and organoid technologies indicate that homeostatic and trigger-induced regenerative responses in mice could occur. The presence of putative progenitor cells in the adult pancreas has been proposed during homeostasis and upon different stress challenges such as inflammation, tissue damage and oncogenic stress. More recently, single cell transcriptomics has revealed a remarkable heterogeneity in all pancreas cell types, with some cells showing the signature of potential progenitors. In this review we provide an overview on embryonic and putative adult pancreas progenitors in homeostasis and disease, with special emphasis on in vitro culture systems and scRNA-seq technology as tools to address the progenitor nature of different pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Enrique Alvarez Fallas
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Pedraza-Arevalo
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ana-Maria Cujba
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teodora Manea
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Lambert
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain; Departamento de Biologia Celular, Fisiologia e Inmunologia, Universidad de Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rocio Sancho
- Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany.
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24
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Erener S, Ellis CE, Ramzy A, Glavas MM, O’Dwyer S, Pereira S, Wang T, Pang J, Bruin JE, Riedel MJ, Baker RK, Webber TD, Lesina M, Blüher M, Algül H, Kopp JL, Herzig S, Kieffer TJ. Deletion of pancreas-specific miR-216a reduces beta-cell mass and inhibits pancreatic cancer progression in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100434. [PMID: 34841287 PMCID: PMC8606901 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs have crucial functions in many biological processes and are candidate biomarkers of disease. Here, we show that miR-216a is a conserved, pancreas-specific miRNA with important roles in pancreatic islet and acinar cells. Deletion of miR-216a in mice leads to a reduction in islet size, β-cell mass, and insulin levels. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals a subpopulation of β-cells with upregulated acinar cell markers under a high-fat diet. miR-216a is induced by TGF-β signaling, and inhibition of miR-216a increases apoptosis and decreases cell proliferation in pancreatic cells. Deletion of miR-216a in the pancreatic cancer-prone mouse line KrasG12D;Ptf1aCreER reduces the propensity of pancreatic cancer precursor lesions. Notably, circulating miR-216a levels are elevated in both mice and humans with pancreatic cancer. Collectively, our study gives insights into how β-cell mass and acinar cell growth are modulated by a pancreas-specific miRNA and also suggests miR-216a as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheda Erener
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cara E. Ellis
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Adam Ramzy
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maria M. Glavas
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shannon O’Dwyer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Pereira
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tom Wang
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Janice Pang
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer E. Bruin
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael J. Riedel
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert K. Baker
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis D. Webber
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Marina Lesina
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III – Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hana Algül
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Janel L. Kopp
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Timothy J. Kieffer
- Department of Cellular & Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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25
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Abstract
This review focuses on the human pancreatic islet-including its structure, cell composition, development, function, and dysfunction. After providing a historical timeline of key discoveries about human islets over the past century, we describe new research approaches and technologies that are being used to study human islets and how these are providing insight into human islet physiology and pathophysiology. We also describe changes or adaptations in human islets in response to physiologic challenges such as pregnancy, aging, and insulin resistance and discuss islet changes in human diabetes of many forms. We outline current and future interventions being developed to protect, restore, or replace human islets. The review also highlights unresolved questions about human islets and proposes areas where additional research on human islets is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Diane C Saunders
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marcela Brissova
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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26
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Fujita Y, Kozawa J, Fukui K, Iwahashi H, Eguchi H, Shimomura I. Increased NKX6.1 expression and decreased ARX expression in alpha cells accompany reduced beta-cell volume in human subjects. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17796. [PMID: 34493754 PMCID: PMC8423790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97235-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet cells have plasticity, such as the abilities to dedifferentiate and transdifferentiate. Islet cell conversion to other characteristic cell is largely determined by transcription factors, but significance of expression patterns of these transcription factors in human islet cells remained unclear. Here, we present the NKX6.1-positive ratio of glucagon-positive cells (NKX6.1+/GCG+ ratio) and the ARX-negative ratio of glucagon-positive cells (ARX−/GCG+ ratio) in 34 patients who were not administered antidiabetic agents. Both of NKX6.1+/GCG+ ratio and ARX−/GCG+ ratio negatively associated with relative beta cell area. And these ratios did not have significant correlation with other parameters including age, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, fasting plasma glucose level or relative alpha-cell area. Our data demonstrate that these expression ratios of transcription factors in glucagon-positive cells closely correlate with the reduction of beta-cell volume in human pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukari Fujita
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan. .,Community Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
| | - Junji Kozawa
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Fukui
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiromi Iwahashi
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan.,Diabetes Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Departments of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2-B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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27
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Martínez MS, Manzano A, Olivar LC, Nava M, Salazar J, D’Marco L, Ortiz R, Chacín M, Guerrero-Wyss M, Cabrera de Bravo M, Cano C, Bermúdez V, Angarita L. The Role of the α Cell in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes: A World beyond the Mirror. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9504. [PMID: 34502413 PMCID: PMC8431704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most prevalent chronic metabolic disorders, and insulin has been placed at the epicentre of its pathophysiological basis. However, the involvement of impaired alpha (α) cell function has been recognized as playing an essential role in several diseases, since hyperglucagonemia has been evidenced in both Type 1 and T2DM. This phenomenon has been attributed to intra-islet defects, like modifications in pancreatic α cell mass or dysfunction in glucagon's secretion. Emerging evidence has shown that chronic hyperglycaemia provokes changes in the Langerhans' islets cytoarchitecture, including α cell hyperplasia, pancreatic beta (β) cell dedifferentiation into glucagon-positive producing cells, and loss of paracrine and endocrine regulation due to β cell mass loss. Other abnormalities like α cell insulin resistance, sensor machinery dysfunction, or paradoxical ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP) opening have also been linked to glucagon hypersecretion. Recent clinical trials in phases 1 or 2 have shown new molecules with glucagon-antagonist properties with considerable effectiveness and acceptable safety profiles. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors) have been shown to decrease glucagon secretion in T2DM, and their possible therapeutic role in T1DM means they are attractive as an insulin-adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sofía Martínez
- MedStar Health Internal Medicine, Georgetown University Affiliated, Baltimore, MD 21218-2829, USA;
| | - Alexander Manzano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Luis Carlos Olivar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Manuel Nava
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Juan Salazar
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Luis D’Marco
- Department of Nephrology, Hospital Clinico Universitario de Valencia, INCLIVA, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ciudad de Cuenca, Azuay 010105, Ecuador;
| | - Maricarmen Chacín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080022, Colombia; (M.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Marion Guerrero-Wyss
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Ciencias Para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia 5090000, Chile;
| | | | - Clímaco Cano
- Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo 4002, Venezuela; (A.M.); (L.C.O.); (M.N.); (J.S.); (C.C.)
| | - Valmore Bermúdez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla 080022, Colombia; (M.C.); (V.B.)
| | - Lisse Angarita
- Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción 4260000, Chile
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28
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Siehler J, Blöchinger AK, Meier M, Lickert H. Engineering islets from stem cells for advanced therapies of diabetes. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 20:920-940. [PMID: 34376833 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that affects more than 460 million people worldwide. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by autoimmune destruction of β-cells, whereas type 2 diabetes (T2D) is caused by a hostile metabolic environment that leads to β-cell exhaustion and dysfunction. Currently, first-line medications treat the symptomatic insulin resistance and hyperglycaemia, but do not prevent the progressive decline of β-cell mass and function. Thus, advanced therapies need to be developed that either protect or regenerate endogenous β-cell mass early in disease progression or replace lost β-cells with stem cell-derived β-like cells or engineered islet-like clusters. In this Review, we discuss the state of the art of stem cell differentiation and islet engineering, reflect on current and future challenges in the area and highlight the potential for cell replacement therapies, disease modelling and drug development using these cells. These efforts in stem cell and regenerative medicine will lay the foundations for future biomedical breakthroughs and potentially curative treatments for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Siehler
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Karolina Blöchinger
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Meier
- Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany.,Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany. .,Technical University of Munich, Medical Faculty, Munich, Germany. .,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany. .,Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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29
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A 3D system to model human pancreas development and its reference single-cell transcriptome atlas identify signaling pathways required for progenitor expansion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3144. [PMID: 34035279 PMCID: PMC8149728 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human organogenesis remains relatively unexplored for ethical and practical reasons. Here, we report the establishment of a single-cell transcriptome atlas of the human fetal pancreas between 7 and 10 post-conceptional weeks of development. To interrogate cell–cell interactions, we describe InterCom, an R-Package we developed for identifying receptor–ligand pairs and their downstream effects. We further report the establishment of a human pancreas culture system starting from fetal tissue or human pluripotent stem cells, enabling the long-term maintenance of pancreas progenitors in a minimal, defined medium in three-dimensions. Benchmarking the cells produced in 2-dimensions and those expanded in 3-dimensions to fetal tissue identifies that progenitors expanded in 3-dimensions are transcriptionally closer to the fetal pancreas. We further demonstrate the potential of this system as a screening platform and identify the importance of the EGF and FGF pathways controlling human pancreas progenitor expansion. From single-cell transcriptome analyses to defining culture media for spheroids, the authors provide a census of information to understand the development of human pancreatic progenitors. This approach identifies signalling pathways (EGF and FGF) regulating progenitor proliferation.
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A Brief Review of the Mechanisms of β-Cell Dedifferentiation in Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051593. [PMID: 34068827 PMCID: PMC8151793 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Over 90% of patients with diabetes have type 2 diabetes. Pancreatic β-cells are endocrine cells that produce and secrete insulin, an essential endocrine hormone that regulates blood glucose levels. Deficits in β-cell function and mass play key roles in the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes. Apoptosis has been considered as the main contributor of β-cell dysfunction and decrease in β-cell mass for a long time. However, recent studies suggest that β-cell failure occurs mainly due to increased β-cell dedifferentiation rather than limited β-cell proliferation or increased β-cell death. In this review, we summarize the current advances in the understanding of the pancreatic β-cell dedifferentiation process including potential mechanisms. A better understanding of β-cell dedifferentiation process will help to identify novel therapeutic targets to prevent and/or reverse β-cell loss in type 2 diabetes.
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Watanabe A, Tanaka A, Koga C, Matsumoto M, Okazaki Y, Kin T, Miyajima A. CD82 is a marker to isolate β cell precursors from human iPS cells and plays a role for the maturation of β cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9530. [PMID: 33953224 PMCID: PMC8100138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Generation of pancreatic β cells from pluripotent stem cells is a key technology to develop cell therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes and considerable efforts have been made to produce β cells. However, due to multiple and lengthy differentiation steps, production of β cells is often unstable. It is also desirable to eliminate undifferentiated cells to avoid potential risks of tumorigenesis. To isolate β cell precursors from late stage pancreatic endocrine progenitor (EP) cells derived from iPS cells, we have identified CD82, a member of the tetraspanin family. CD82+ cells at the EP stage differentiated into endocrine cells more efficiently than CD82- EP stage cells. We also show that CD82+ cells in human islets secreted insulin more efficiently than CD82- cells. Furthermore, knockdown of CD82 expression by siRNA or inhibition of CD82 by monoclonal antibodies in NGN3+ cells suppressed the function of β cells with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that CD82 plays a role in maturation of EP cells to β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami Watanabe
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Gene Techno Science Co.,Ltd, Kita 21-jo Nishi 11-chome Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
| | - Anna Tanaka
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Chizuko Koga
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Masahito Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Department of Biofunction Research, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioenginnering, Tokyo Medical University and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Diagnostics and Therapeutics of Intractable Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Intractable Disease Research Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-2 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory, University of Alberta Hospital, 210 College Plaza, 8215-112 St, Edmonton, AB, T6G2C8, Canada
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan.
- Gene Techno Science Co.,Ltd, Kita 21-jo Nishi 11-chome Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0021, Japan.
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Szlachcic WJ, Ziojla N, Kizewska DK, Kempa M, Borowiak M. Endocrine Pancreas Development and Dysfunction Through the Lens of Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629212. [PMID: 33996792 PMCID: PMC8116659 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A chronic inability to maintain blood glucose homeostasis leads to diabetes, which can damage multiple organs. The pancreatic islets regulate blood glucose levels through the coordinated action of islet cell-secreted hormones, with the insulin released by β-cells playing a crucial role in this process. Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin secretion due to β-cell loss, or a pancreatic dysfunction. The restoration of a functional β-cell mass might, therefore, offer a cure. To this end, major efforts are underway to generate human β-cells de novo, in vitro, or in vivo. The efficient generation of functional β-cells requires a comprehensive knowledge of pancreas development, including the mechanisms driving cell fate decisions or endocrine cell maturation. Rapid progress in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) technologies has brought a new dimension to pancreas development research. These methods can capture the transcriptomes of thousands of individual cells, including rare cell types, subtypes, and transient states. With such massive datasets, it is possible to infer the developmental trajectories of cell transitions and gene regulatory pathways. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of endocrine pancreas development and function from scRNA-Seq studies on developing and adult pancreas and human endocrine differentiation models. We also discuss recent scRNA-Seq findings for the pathological pancreas in diabetes, and their implications for better treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech J. Szlachcic
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Natalia Ziojla
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dorota K. Kizewska
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcelina Kempa
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Borowiak
- Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Lee SY, Yuk HG, Ko SG, Cho SG, Moon GS. Gut Microbiome Prolongs an Inhibitory Effect of Korean Red Ginseng on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Mouse Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030926. [PMID: 33809267 PMCID: PMC7999605 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the anti-obesity effect of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) has been revealed, its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Here, we demonstrate an involvement of gut microbiome in the inhibitory effect of Korean red ginseng on high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced mouse obesity, and further provides information on the effects of saponin-containing red ginseng extract (SGE) and saponin-depleted red ginseng extract (GE). Mice were fed with either SGE or GE every third day for one month, and their food intakes, fat weights, plasma glucose, and insulin and leptin levels were measured. Immunofluorescence assays were conducted to measure pancreatic islet size. Stools from the mice were subjected to metagenomic analysis. Both SGE and GE attenuated HFD-induced gain of body weight, reducing HFD-induced increase of food intakes and fat weights. They also reduced HFD-increased plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin levels, decreased both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations, and improved both insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that they blocked HFD-induced increase of pancreatic islet size. Our pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region from stools revealed that both SGE and GE modulated HFD-altered composition of gut microbiota. Therefore, we conclude that Korean red ginseng inhibits HFD-induced obesity and diabetes by altering gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Yeon Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Hyun Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea;
| | - Seong Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Korea; (S.Y.L.); (S.G.K.)
| | - Sung-Gook Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
| | - Gi-Seong Moon
- Department of Biotechnology, Korea National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro, Jeungpyeong, Chungbuk 27909, Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.C.); (G.-S.M.); Tel.: +82-43-820-5254 (S.-G.C.); +82-43-820-5272 (G.-S.M.)
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Szlapinski SK, Bennett J, Strutt BJ, Hill DJ. Increased alpha and beta cell mass during mouse pregnancy is not dependent on transdifferentiation. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:617-628. [PMID: 33231513 PMCID: PMC7934144 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220972686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pancreatic beta-cell mass (BCM) increases during pregnancy to compensate for relative insulin resistance. If BCM expansion is suboptimal, gestational diabetes mellitus can develop. Alpha-cell mass (ACM) also changes during pregnancy, but there is a lack of information about α-cell plasticity in pregnancy and whether α- to β-cell transdifferentiation can occur. To investigate this, we used a mouse model of gestational glucose intolerance induced by feeding low-protein (LP) diet from conception until weaning and compared pregnant female offspring to control diet-fed animals. Control and LP pancreata were collected for immunohistochemical analysis and serum glucagon levels were measured. In order to lineage trace α- to β-cell conversion, we utilized transgenic mice expressing yellow fluorescent protein behind the proglucagon gene promoter (Gcg-Cre/YFP) and collected pancreata for histology at various gestational timepoints. Alpha-cell proliferation increased significantly at gestational day (GD) 9.5 in control pregnancies resulting in an increased ACM at GD18.5, and this was significantly reduced in LP animals. Despite these changes, serum glucagon was higher in LP mice at GD18.5. Pregnant Gcg-Cre/YFP mice showed no increase in the abundance of insulin+YFP+glucagon- cells (phenotypic β-cells). A second population of insulin+YFP+glucagon+ cells was identified which also did not alter during pregnancy. However, there was an altered anatomical distribution within islets with fewer insulin+YFP+glucagon- cells but more insulin+YFP+glucagon+ cells being present in the islet mantle at GD18.5. These findings demonstrate that dynamic changes in ACM occur during normal pregnancy and were altered in glucose-intolerant pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra K Szlapinski
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jamie Bennett
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Brenda J Strutt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - David J Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, Diabetes & Endocrinology, St Joseph’s Health Care, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
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Saikia M, Holter MM, Donahue LR, Lee IS, Zheng QC, Wise JL, Todero JE, Phuong DJ, Garibay D, Coch R, Sloop KW, Garcia-Ocana A, Danko CG, Cummings BP. GLP-1 receptor signaling increases PCSK1 and β cell features in human α cells. JCI Insight 2021; 6:141851. [PMID: 33554958 PMCID: PMC7934853 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. GLP-1 is classically produced by gut L cells; however, under certain circumstances α cells can express the prohormone convertase required for proglucagon processing to GLP-1, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), and can produce GLP-1. However, the mechanisms through which this occurs are poorly defined. Understanding the mechanisms by which α cell PC1/3 expression can be activated may reveal new targets for diabetes treatment. Here, we demonstrate that the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, liraglutide, increased α cell GLP-1 expression in a β cell GLP-1R-dependent manner. We demonstrate that this effect of liraglutide was translationally relevant in human islets through application of a new scRNA-seq technology, DART-Seq. We found that the effect of liraglutide to increase α cell PC1/3 mRNA expression occurred in a subcluster of α cells and was associated with increased expression of other β cell-like genes, which we confirmed by IHC. Finally, we found that the effect of liraglutide to increase bihormonal insulin+ glucagon+ cells was mediated by the β cell GLP-1R in mice. Together, our data validate a high-sensitivity method for scRNA-seq in human islets and identify a potentially novel GLP-1-mediated pathway regulating human α cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridusmita Saikia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Reilly Coch
- Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Kyle W Sloop
- Diabetes and Complications, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Charles G Danko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York, USA
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Bourgeois S, Sawatani T, Van Mulders A, De Leu N, Heremans Y, Heimberg H, Cnop M, Staels W. Towards a Functional Cure for Diabetes Using Stem Cell-Derived Beta Cells: Are We There Yet? Cells 2021; 10:cells10010191. [PMID: 33477961 PMCID: PMC7835995 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic metabolic disorder that results from either the autoimmune destruction or the dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells. A promising cure is beta cell replacement through the transplantation of islets of Langerhans. However, donor shortage hinders the widespread implementation of this therapy. Human pluripotent stem cells, including embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, represent an attractive alternative beta cell source for transplantation. Although major advances over the past two decades have led to the generation of stem cell-derived beta-like cells that share many features with genuine beta cells, producing fully mature beta cells remains challenging. Here, we review the current status of beta cell differentiation protocols and highlight specific challenges that are associated with producing mature beta cells. We address the challenges and opportunities that are offered by monogenic forms of diabetes. Finally, we discuss the remaining hurdles for clinical application of stem cell-derived beta cells and the status of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Bourgeois
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Toshiaki Sawatani
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (T.S.); (M.C.)
| | - Annelore Van Mulders
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Nico De Leu
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
- Department of Endocrinology, University Hospital Brussels, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Endocrinology, ASZ Aalst, 9300 Aalst, Belgium
| | - Yves Heremans
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium; (T.S.); (M.C.)
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Willem Staels
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE) Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium; (S.B.); (A.V.M.); (N.D.L.); (Y.H.); (H.H.)
- Service of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, KidZ Health Castle, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-0-24774473
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Weng C, Xi J, Li H, Cui J, Gu A, Lai S, Leskov K, Ke L, Jin F, Li Y. Single-cell lineage analysis reveals extensive multimodal transcriptional control during directed beta-cell differentiation. Nat Metab 2020; 2:1443-1458. [PMID: 33257854 PMCID: PMC7744443 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro differentiation of insulin-producing beta-like cells can model aspects of human pancreatic development. Here, we generate 95,308 single-cell transcriptomes and reconstruct a lineage tree of the entire differentiation process from human embryonic stem cells to beta-like cells to study temporally regulated genes during differentiation. We identify so-called 'switch genes' at the branch point of endocrine/non-endocrine cell fate choice, revealing insights into the mechanisms of differentiation-promoting reagents, such as NOTCH and ROCKII inhibitors, and providing improved differentiation protocols. Over 20% of all detectable genes are activated multiple times during differentiation, even though their enhancer activation is usually unimodal, indicating extensive gene reuse driven by different enhancers. We also identify a stage-specific enhancer at the TCF7L2 locus for diabetes, uncovered by genome-wide association studies, that drives a transient wave of gene expression in pancreatic progenitors. Finally, we develop a web app to visualize gene expression on the lineage tree, providing a comprehensive single-cell data resource for researchers studying islet biology and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Weng
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Biomedical Sciences Training Program (BSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jiajia Xi
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Haiyan Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jian Cui
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anniya Gu
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sisi Lai
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- The Biomedical Sciences Training Program (BSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Konstantin Leskov
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Luxin Ke
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Master of Science in Biology Program, Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fulai Jin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Ghani MW, Bin L, Jie Y, Yi Z, Jiang W, Ye L, Cun LG, Birmani MW, Zhuangzhi Z, Lilong A, Mei X. Differentiation of rat pancreatic duct stem cells into insulin-secreting islet-like cell clusters through BMP7 inducement. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101439. [PMID: 32979709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To cure the epidemic of diabetes, in vitro produced β-like cells are lauded for cell therapy of diabetic patients. In this regard, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) on the differentiation of rat pancreatic ductal epithelial-like stem cells (PDESCs) into β-like cells. For inducement of the differentiation, PDESCs were cultured in the basal media (H-DMEM + 10 % FBS + 1% penicillin-streptomycin) supplemented with 5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 15 ng/mL, and 20 ng/mL of BMP7 for 28 days. To corroborate the identity of induced cells, they were examined through cell morphology, dithizone (DTZ) staining, immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assay (GSIS). The enrichment of induced cells was high among 5 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 15 ng/mL, and 20 ng/mL of BMP7 supplemented groups as compared to the control group. Further, the induced cells were positive, while, the control group cells were negative to DTZ staining and the differentiated cells also have shown the upregulated expression of β cell-specific marker genes (Ins1 and Pdx1). The GSIS assay of inducement groups for insulin and C-peptide secretion has shown significantly higher values as compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Hence, the addition of BMP7 to basal medium has effectually induced differentiation of adult rat PDESCs into islet like-cell clusters containing insulin-secreting β-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waseem Ghani
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Liu Bin
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Yang Jie
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhao Yi
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Wu Jiang
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Li Ye
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Lang Guan Cun
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Muhammad Waseem Birmani
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Zhao Zhuangzhi
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - An Lilong
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Xiao Mei
- Department of Animal Science and Medicine, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China.
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Choi EH, Chun YS, Kim J, Ku SK, Jeon S, Park TS, Shim SM. Modulating lipid and glucose metabolism by glycosylated kaempferol rich roasted leaves of Lycium chinense via upregulating adiponectin and AMPK activation in obese mice-induced type 2 diabetes. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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40
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Nair GG, Tzanakakis ES, Hebrok M. Emerging routes to the generation of functional β-cells for diabetes mellitus cell therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2020; 16:506-518. [PMID: 32587391 PMCID: PMC9188823 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-020-0375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, which affects more than 463 million people globally, is caused by the autoimmune ablation or functional loss of insulin-producing β-cells, and prevalence is projected to continue rising over the next decades. Generating β-cells to mitigate the aberrant glucose homeostasis manifested in the disease has remained elusive. Substantial advances have been made in producing mature β-cells from human pluripotent stem cells that respond appropriately to dynamic changes in glucose concentrations in vitro and rapidly function in vivo following transplantation in mice. Other potential avenues to produce functional β-cells include: transdifferentiation of closely related cell types (for example, other pancreatic islet cells such as α-cells, or other cells derived from endoderm); the engineering of non-β-cells that are capable of modulating blood sugar; and the construction of synthetic 'cells' or particles mimicking functional aspects of β-cells. This Review focuses on the current status of generating β-cells via these diverse routes, highlighting the unique advantages and challenges of each approach. Given the remarkable progress in this field, scalable bioengineering processes are also discussed for the realization of the therapeutic potential of derived β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika G Nair
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Russell R, Carnese PP, Hennings TG, Walker EM, Russ HA, Liu JS, Giacometti S, Stein R, Hebrok M. Loss of the transcription factor MAFB limits β-cell derivation from human PSCs. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2742. [PMID: 32488111 PMCID: PMC7265500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Next generation sequencing studies have highlighted discrepancies in β-cells which exist between mice and men. Numerous reports have identified MAF BZIP Transcription Factor B (MAFB) to be present in human β-cells postnatally, while its expression is restricted to embryonic and neo-natal β-cells in mice. Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing, coupled with endocrine cell differentiation strategies, we dissect the contribution of MAFB to β-cell development and function specifically in humans. Here we report that MAFB knockout hPSCs have normal pancreatic differentiation capacity up to the progenitor stage, but favor somatostatin- and pancreatic polypeptide–positive cells at the expense of insulin- and glucagon-producing cells during endocrine cell development. Our results describe a requirement for MAFB late in the human pancreatic developmental program and identify it as a distinguishing transcription factor within islet cell subtype specification. We propose that hPSCs represent a powerful tool to model human pancreatic endocrine development and associated disease pathophysiology. The MAF bZIP transcription factor B (MAFB) is present in postnatal human beta cells but its role is unclear. Here, the authors show that MAFB regulates endocrine pancreatic cell fate specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Russell
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Phichitpol P Carnese
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas G Hennings
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Emily M Walker
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Holger A Russ
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.,Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer S Liu
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Simone Giacometti
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Roland Stein
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- UCSF Diabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.
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A method for the generation of human stem cell-derived alpha cells. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2241. [PMID: 32382023 PMCID: PMC7205884 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of pancreatic cell types from renewable cell sources holds promise for cell replacement therapies for diabetes. Although most effort has focused on generating pancreatic beta cells, considerable evidence indicates that glucagon secreting alpha cells are critically involved in disease progression and proper glucose control. Here we report on the generation of stem cell-derived human pancreatic alpha (SC-alpha) cells from pluripotent stem cells via a transient pre-alpha cell intermediate. These pre-alpha cells exhibit a transcriptional profile similar to mature alpha cells and although they produce proinsulin protein, they do not secrete significant amounts of processed insulin. Compound screening identified a protein kinase c activator that promotes maturation of pre-alpha cells into SC-alpha cells. The resulting SC-alpha cells do not express insulin, share an ultrastructure similar to cadaveric alpha cells, express and secrete glucagon in response to glucose and some glucagon secretagogues, and elevate blood glucose upon transplantation in mice.
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43
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Sasaki B, Uemoto S, Kawaguchi Y. Transient FOXO1 inhibition in pancreatic endoderm promotes the generation of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from human iPSCs. Stem Cell Res 2020; 44:101754. [PMID: 32179491 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the multi-step differentiation protocol used to generate pancreatic endocrine cells from human pluripotent stem cells, the induction of NGN3+ endocrine precursors from the PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm is crucial for efficient endocrine cell production. Here, we demonstrate that transient, not prolonged FOXO1 inhibition results in enhanced NGN3+ endocrine precursors and hormone-producing cell production. FOXO1 inhibition does not directly induce NGN3 expression but stimulates PDX1+/NKX6.1+ cell proliferation. NOTCH activity, whose suppression is important for Ngn3 expression, is not suppressed but Wnt signaling is stimulated by FOXO1 inhibition. Reversely, Wnt inhibition suppresses the effects of FOXO1 inhibitor. These findings indicate that FOXO1 and Wnt are involved in regulating the proliferation of PDX1+/NKX6.1+ pancreatic endoderm that gives rise to NGN3+ endocrine precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Sasaki
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery and Transplantation, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Kawaguchi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Memon B, Abdelalim EM. Stem Cell Therapy for Diabetes: Beta Cells versus Pancreatic Progenitors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020283. [PMID: 31979403 PMCID: PMC7072676 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent metabolic disorders. In order to replace the function of the destroyed pancreatic beta cells in diabetes, islet transplantation is the most widely practiced treatment. However, it has several limitations. As an alternative approach, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide an unlimited source of pancreatic cells that have the ability to secrete insulin in response to a high blood glucose level. However, the determination of the appropriate pancreatic lineage candidate for the purpose of cell therapy for the treatment of diabetes is still debated. While hPSC-derived beta cells are perceived as the ultimate candidate, their efficiency needs further improvement in order to obtain a sufficient number of glucose responsive beta cells for transplantation therapy. On the other hand, hPSC-derived pancreatic progenitors can be efficiently generated in vitro and can further mature into glucose responsive beta cells in vivo after transplantation. Herein, we discuss the advantages and predicted challenges associated with the use of each of the two pancreatic lineage products for diabetes cell therapy. Furthermore, we address the co-generation of functionally relevant islet cell subpopulations and structural properties contributing to the glucose responsiveness of beta cells, as well as the available encapsulation technology for these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Memon
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O。 Box 34110 Doha, Qatar;
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
| | - Essam M. Abdelalim
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Education City, P.O。 Box 34110 Doha, Qatar;
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), P.O. Box 34110 Doha, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +97-44-4546-432; Fax: +97-44-4541-770
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Korol SV, Jin Z, Birnir B. GABA A Receptor-Mediated Currents and Hormone mRNAs in Cells Expressing More Than One Hormone Transcript in Intact Human Pancreatic Islets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E600. [PMID: 31963438 PMCID: PMC7013858 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic islets, the major cell-types are α, β and δ cells. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling system is expressed in human pancreatic islets. In single hormone transcript-expressing cells, we have previously characterized the functional properties of islet GABAA receptors (iGABAARs). Here, we extended these studies to islet cells expressing mRNAs for more than one hormone and sought for correlation between iGABAAR activity level and relative mRNA expression ratio. The single-cell RT-PCR in combination with the patch-clamp current recordings was used to examine functional properties of iGABAARs in the multiple hormone mRNA-expressing cells. We detected cells expressing double (α/β, α/δ, β/δ cell-types) and triple (α/β/δ cell-type) hormone transcripts. The most common mixed-identity cell-type was the α/β group where the cells could be grouped into β- and α-like subgroups. The β-like cells had low GCG/INS expression ratio (<0.6) and significantly higher frequency of iGABAAR single-channel openings than the α-like cells where the GCG/INS expression ratio was high (>1.2). The hormone expression levels and iGABAAR single-channel characteristics varied in the α/β/δ cell-type. Clearly, multiple hormone transcripts can be expressed in islet cells whereas iGABAAR single-channel functional properties appear to be α or β cell specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy V. Korol
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden; (Z.J.); (B.B.)
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Abstract
Diabetes is a major worldwide health problem which results from the loss and/or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. Therefore, there is great interest in understanding the endogenous capacity of β cells to regenerate under normal or pathological conditions, with the goal of restoring functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes. Here, we summarize the current status of β cell regeneration research, which has been broadly divided into three in vivo mechanisms: 1. proliferation of existing β cells; 2. neogenesis of β cells from adult ductal progenitors; and 3. transdifferentiation of other cell types into β cells. We discuss the evidence and controversies for each mechanism in mice and humans, as well as the prospect of using these approaches for the treatment of diabetes.
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Scharfmann R, Staels W, Albagli O. The supply chain of human pancreatic β cell lines. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3511-3520. [PMID: 31478912 PMCID: PMC6715382 DOI: 10.1172/jci129484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have an insufficiency in their functional β cell mass. To advance diabetes treatment and to work toward a cure, a better understanding of how to protect the pancreatic β cells against autoimmune or metabolic assaults (e.g., obesity, gestation) will be required. Over the past decades, β cell protection has been extensively investigated in rodents both in vivo and in vitro using isolated islets or rodent β cell lines. Transferring these rodent data to humans has long been challenging, at least partly for technical reasons: primary human islet preparations were scarce and functional human β cell lines were lacking. In 2011, we described a robust protocol of targeted oncogenesis in human fetal pancreas and produced the first functional human β cell line, and in subsequent years additional lines with specific traits. These cell lines are currently used by more than 150 academic and industrial laboratories worldwide. In this Review, we first explain how we developed the human β cell lines and why we think we succeeded where others, despite major efforts, did not. Next, we discuss the use of such functional human β cell lines and share some perspectives on their use to advance diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Scharfmann
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Willem Staels
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Beta Cell Neogenesis (BENE), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Albagli
- INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Kim JH, Park BG, Kim SK, Lee DH, Lee GG, Kim DH, Choi BO, Lee KB, Kim JH. Nanotopographical regulation of pancreatic islet-like cluster formation from human pluripotent stem cells using a gradient-pattern chip. Acta Biomater 2019; 95:337-347. [PMID: 30529081 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering approaches to regulate stem cell fates aim to recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment. In recent years, manipulating the micro- and nano-scale topography of the stem cell niche has gained considerable interest for the purposes of controlling extrinsic mechanical cues to regulate stem cell fate and behavior in vitro. Here, we established an optimal nanotopographical system to improve 3-dimensional (3D) differentiation of pancreatic cells from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) by testing gradient-pattern chips of nano-scale polystyrene surface structures with varying sizes and shapes. The optimal conditions for 3D differentiation of pancreatic cells were identified by assessing the expression of developmental regulators that are required for pancreatic islet development and maturation. Our results showed that the gradient chip of pore-part 2 (Po-2, 200-300 nm diameter) pattern was the most efficient setting to generate clusters of pancreatic endocrine progenitors (PDX1+ and NGN3+) compared to those of other pore diameters (Po-1, 100-200 or Po-3, 300-400 nm) tested across a range of pillar patterns and flat surfaces. Furthermore, the Po-2 gradient pattern-derived clusters generated islet-like 3D spheroids and tested positive for the zinc-chelating dye dithizone. The spheroids consisted of more than 30% CD200 + endocrine cells and also expressed NKX6.1 and NKX2.2. In addition, pancreatic β- cells expressing insulin and polyhormonal cells expressing both insulin and glucagon were obtained at the final stage of pancreatic differentiation. In conclusion, our data suggest that an optimal topographical structure for differentiation to specific cell types from hPSCs can be tested efficiently by using gradient-pattern chips designed with varying sizes and surfaces. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Our study provides demonstrates of using gradient nanopatterned chips for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters. Gradient nanopatterned chips are consisted of two different shapes (nanopillar and nanopore) in three different ranges of nano sizes (100-200, 200-300, 300-400 nm). We found that optimal nanostructures for differentiation of pancreatic islet-like clusters were 200-300 nm nano pores. Cell transplantation is one of the major therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) using stem cell-derived β-like cells. We generated 50 um pancreatic islet-like clusters in size, which would be an optimal size for cell transplantation. Futuremore, the small clusters provide a powerful source for cell therapy. Our findings suggest gradient nanopatterned chip provides a powerful tool to generate specific functional cell types of a high purity for potential uses in cell therapy development.
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Da Silva Xavier G, Rutter GA. Metabolic and Functional Heterogeneity in Pancreatic β Cells. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:1395-1406. [PMID: 31419404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic and secretory heterogeneity are fundamental properties of pancreatic islet β cells. Emerging data suggest that stable differences in the transcriptome and proteome of individual cells may create cellular hierarchies, which, in turn, establish coordinated functional networks. These networks appear to govern the secretory activity of the whole islet and be affected in some forms of diabetes mellitus. Functional imaging, for example, of intracellular calcium dynamics, has led to the demonstration of "small worlds" behavior, and the identification of highly connected "hub" (or "leader") cells and of follower populations subservient to them. Subsequent inactivation of members of either population, for example, using optogenetic approaches or photoablation, has confirmed the importance of hub cells as possible pacemakers. Hub cells appear to be enriched for the glucose phosphorylating enzyme glucokinase and for genes encoding other enzymes involved in glucose metabolism compared to follower cells. Recent findings have shown the relevance of cellular hierarchy in islets from multiple species including human, mouse and fish, and shown that it is preserved in vivo in the context of the fully vascularized and innervated islet. Importantly, connectivity is impaired by insults, which mimic the diabetic milieu, including high glucose and/or fatty levels, and by the ablation of genes associated with type 2 diabetes risk in genome-wide association studies. We discuss here the evidence for the existence of these networks and their failure in disease settings. We also briefly survey the challenges in understanding their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Da Silva Xavier
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom.
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nan Yang Technological University, Singapore
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