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Bejarano E, Domenech-Bendaña A, Avila-Portillo N, Rowan S, Edirisinghe S, Taylor A. Glycative stress as a cause of macular degeneration. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 101:101260. [PMID: 38521386 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
People are living longer and rates of age-related diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are accelerating, placing enormous burdens on patients and health care systems. The quality of carbohydrate foods consumed by an individual impacts health. The glycemic index (GI) is a kinetic measure of the rate at which glucose arrives in the blood stream after consuming various carbohydrates. Consuming diets that favor slowly digested carbohydrates releases sugar into the bloodstream gradually after consuming a meal (low glycemic index). This is associated with reduced risk for major age-related diseases including AMD, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In comparison, consuming the same amounts of different carbohydrates in higher GI diets, releases glucose into the blood rapidly, causing glycative stress as well as accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Such AGEs are cytotoxic by virtue of their forming abnormal proteins and protein aggregates, as well as inhibiting proteolytic and other protective pathways that might otherwise selectively recognize and remove toxic species. Using in vitro and animal models of glycative stress, we observed that consuming higher GI diets perturbs metabolism and the microbiome, resulting in a shift to more lipid-rich metabolomic profiles. Interactions between aging, diet, eye phenotypes and physiology were observed. A large body of laboratory animal and human clinical epidemiologic data indicates that consuming lower GI diets, or lower glycemia diets, is protective against features of early AMD (AMDf) in mice and AMD prevalence or AMD progression in humans. Drugs may be optimized to diminish the ravages of higher glycemic diets. Human trials are indicated to determine if AMD progression can be retarded using lower GI diets. Here we summarized the current knowledge regarding the pathological role of glycative stress in retinal dysfunction and how dietary strategies might diminish retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alicia Domenech-Bendaña
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Health Sciences and Veterinary School, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Sheldon Rowan
- JM USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, United States
| | - Sachini Edirisinghe
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States
| | - Allen Taylor
- Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, United States.
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Marola OJ, MacLean M, Cossette TL, Diemler CA, Hewes AA, Reagan AM, Skelly DA, Howell GR. Genetic context modulates aging and degeneration in the murine retina. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589625. [PMID: 38659747 PMCID: PMC11042269 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Background Age is the principal risk factor for neurodegeneration in both the retina and brain. The retina and brain share many biological properties; thus, insights into retinal aging and degeneration may shed light onto similar processes in the brain. Genetic makeup strongly influences susceptibility to age-related retinal disease. However, studies investigating retinal aging have not sufficiently accounted for genetic diversity. Therefore, examining molecular aging in the retina across different genetic backgrounds will enhance our understanding of human-relevant aging and degeneration in both the retina and brain-potentially improving therapeutic approaches to these debilitating conditions. Methods Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate retinal aging signatures in nine genetically diverse mouse strains (C57BL/6J, 129S1/SvlmJ, NZO/HlLtJ, WSB/EiJ, CAST/EiJ, PWK/PhK, NOD/ShiLtJ, A/J, and BALB/cJ) across lifespan. These data predicted human disease-relevant changes in WSB and NZO strains. Accordingly, B6, WSB and NZO mice were subjected to human-relevant in vivo examinations at 4, 8, 12, and/or 18M, including: slit lamp, fundus imaging, optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and pattern/full-field electroretinography. Retinal morphology, vascular structure, and cell counts were assessed ex vivo. Results We identified common molecular aging signatures across the nine mouse strains, which included genes associated with photoreceptor function and immune activation. Genetic background strongly modulated these aging signatures. Analysis of cell type-specific marker genes predicted age-related loss of photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in WSB and NZO, respectively. Fundus exams revealed retinitis pigmentosa-relevant pigmentary abnormalities in WSB retinas and diabetic retinopathy (DR)-relevant cotton wool spots and exudates in NZO retinas. Profound photoreceptor dysfunction and loss were confirmed in WSB. Molecular analyses indicated changes in photoreceptor-specific proteins prior to loss, suggesting photoreceptor-intrinsic dysfunction in WSB. In addition, age-associated RGC dysfunction, loss, and concomitant microvascular dysfunction was observed in NZO mice. Proteomic analyses revealed an early reduction in protective antioxidant processes, which may underlie increased susceptibility to DR-relevant pathology in NZO. Conclusions Genetic context is a strong determinant of retinal aging, and our multi-omics resource can aid in understanding age-related diseases of the eye and brain. Our investigations identified and validated WSB and NZO mice as improved preclinical models relevant to common retinal neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cory A. Diemler
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gareth R. Howell
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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3
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Alhujaily M. Molecular Assessment of Methylglyoxal-Induced Toxicity and Therapeutic Approaches in Various Diseases: Exploring the Interplay with the Glyoxalase System. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38398772 PMCID: PMC10890012 DOI: 10.3390/life14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive exploration delves into the intricate interplay of methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalase 1 (GLO I) in various physiological and pathological contexts. The linchpin of the narrative revolves around the role of these small molecules in age-related issues, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Methylglyoxal, a reactive dicarbonyl metabolite, takes center stage, becoming a principal player in the development of AGEs and contributing to cell and tissue dysfunction. The dual facets of GLO I-activation and inhibition-unfold as potential therapeutic avenues. Activators, spanning synthetic drugs like candesartan to natural compounds like polyphenols and isothiocyanates, aim to restore GLO I function. These molecular enhancers showcase promising outcomes in conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and beyond. On the contrary, GLO I inhibitors emerge as crucial players in cancer treatment, offering new possibilities in diseases associated with inflammation and multidrug resistance. The symphony of small molecules, from GLO I activators to inhibitors, presents a nuanced understanding of MG regulation. From natural compounds to synthetic drugs, each element contributes to a molecular orchestra, promising novel interventions and personalized approaches in the pursuit of health and wellbeing. The abstract concludes with an emphasis on the necessity of rigorous clinical trials to validate these findings and acknowledges the importance of individual variability in the complex landscape of health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhanad Alhujaily
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Yang J, Tan C, Wang Y, Zong T, Xie T, Yang Q, Wu M, Liu Y, Mu T, Wang X, Yao Y. The circRNA MKLN1 regulates autophagy in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166839. [PMID: 37549719 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication in patients with diabetes and has become an important cause of blindness in working-age people. However, the mechanisms involved have not been fully elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) can play an important role in DR, and they can accurately regulate the expression of target genes through a new regulatory model: the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) model. We isolated total RNA from extracellular vesicles in the serum of healthy individuals (Con) and individuals with diabetes mellitus without DR (DM), nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or proliferative DR (PDR) and subjected them to deep sequencing. We found aberrantly high expression of circMKLN1. In a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice model of diabetes, the inhibition of circMKLN1 with AAV2 transduction markedly ameliorated retinal acellular vessels and vascular leakage, which was reversed by intravitreal injection of rapamycin, a potent autophagy inducer. In addition, circMKLN1 adsorbs miR-26a-5p as a molecular sponge and mediates high glucose (HG)/methylglyoxal (MG)-induced autophagy in hRMECs. CircMKLN1-silencing treatment reduces HG/MG-related reactive autophagy and inflammation. In addition, miR-26a-5p targeting by circMKLN1 plays an important role in the regulation of Rab11a expression. Thus, either new biomarkers or new therapeutic targets may be identified with the translation of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengye Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Zong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China; Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Meili Wu
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqiu Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Mu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- Center of Clinical Research, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi People's Hospital, Wuxi Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, 299 Qingyang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214023, People's Republic of China.
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Eissa RG, Eissa NG, Eissa RA, Diab NH, Abdelshafi NA, Shaheen MA, Elsabahy M, Hammad SK. Oral proniosomal amitriptyline and liraglutide for management of diabetic neuropathy: Exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123549. [PMID: 37890645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Exploitation of nanocarriers provides a compartment for enclosing drugs to protect them from degradation and potentiate their therapeutic efficiency. In the current study, amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes were constructed for management of diabetic neuropathy, a serious complication associated with diabetes, that triggers spontaneous pain in patients and results in impaired quality of life. The developed therapeutic proniosomes were extensively characterized via dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy. High entrapment efficiency could be attained for both drugs in the proniosomes, and the reconstituted amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded niosomes possessed spherical morphology and particle sizes of 585.3 nm and 864.4 nm, respectively. In a diabetic neuropathy rat model, oral administration of the developed amitriptyline- and liraglutide-loaded proniosomes significantly controlled blood glucose levels, reduced neuropathic pain, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers, and improved histological structure of the sciatic nerve as compared to the oral and subcutaneous administration of amitriptyline and liraglutide, respectively. Loading of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and the antidiabetic peptide liraglutide into proniosomes resulted in exceptional control over hyperglycemia and neuropathic pain, and thus could provide an auspicious delivery system for management of neuropathic pain and control of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana G Eissa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Noura G Eissa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Rana A Eissa
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Nadeen H Diab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Nahla A Abdelshafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shaheen
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Badr University in Cairo Research Center, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Sally K Hammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Sekar P, Hsiao G, Hsu SH, Huang DY, Lin WW, Chan CM. Metformin inhibits methylglyoxal-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death and retinopathy via AMPK-dependent mechanisms: Reversing mitochondrial dysfunction and upregulating glyoxalase 1. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102786. [PMID: 37348156 PMCID: PMC10363482 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in adult, and the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a major pathologic event in DR. Methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, is a precursor of AGEs. Although the therapeutic potential of metformin for retinopathy disorders has recently been elucidated, possibly through AMPK activation, it remains unknown how metformin directly affects the MGO-induced stress response in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Therefore, in this study, we compared the effects of metformin and the AMPK activator A769662 on MGO-induced DR in mice, as well as evaluated cytotoxicity, mitochondrial dynamic changes and dysfunction in ARPE-19 cells. We found MGO can induce mitochondrial ROS production and mitochondrial membrane potential loss, but reduce cytosolic ROS level in ARPE-19 cells. Although these effects of MGO can be reversed by both metformin and A769662, we demonstrated that reduction of mitochondrial ROS production rather than restoration of cytosolic ROS level contributes to cell protective effects of metformin and A769662. Moreover, MGO inhibits AMPK activity, reduces LC3II accumulation, and suppresses protein and gene expressions of MFN1, PGC-1α and TFAM, leading to mitochondrial fission, inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. In contrast, these events of MGO were reversed by metformin in an AMPK-dependent manner as evidenced by the effects of compound C and AMPK silencing. In addition, we observed an AMPK-dependent upregulation of glyoxalase 1, a ubiquitous cellular enzyme that participates in the detoxification of MGO. In intravitreal drug-treated mice, we found that AMPK activators can reverse the MGO-induced cotton wool spots, macular edema and retinal damage. Functional, histological and optical coherence tomography analysis support the protective actions of both agents against MGO-elicited retinal damage. Metformin and A769662 via AMPK activation exert a strong protection against MGO-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell death and retinopathy. Therefore, metformin and AMPK activator can be therapeutic agents for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponarulselvam Sekar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hao Hsu
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Duen-Yi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wan Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-Ming Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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7
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Liang Z, Jiang Z, Zhang C, Liu Z. A ratiometric fluorescent probe for selective imaging of methylglyoxal in living cells. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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8
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Yang Z, Tan TE, Shao Y, Wong TY, Li X. Classification of diabetic retinopathy: Past, present and future. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1079217. [PMID: 36589807 PMCID: PMC9800497 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1079217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide. Since DR was first recognized as an important complication of diabetes, there have been many attempts to accurately classify the severity and stages of disease. These historical classification systems evolved as understanding of disease pathophysiology improved, methods of imaging and assessing DR changed, and effective treatments were developed. Current DR classification systems are effective, and have been the basis of major research trials and clinical management guidelines for decades. However, with further new developments such as recognition of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration, new imaging platforms such as optical coherence tomography and ultra wide-field retinal imaging, artificial intelligence and new treatments, our current classification systems have significant limitations that need to be addressed. In this paper, we provide a historical review of different classification systems for DR, and discuss the limitations of our current classification systems in the context of new developments. We also review the implications of new developments in the field, to see how they might feature in a future, updated classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tien-En Tan
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yan Shao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tien Yin Wong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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9
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Lai SWT, Lopez Gonzalez EDJ, Zoukari T, Ki P, Shuck SC. Methylglyoxal and Its Adducts: Induction, Repair, and Association with Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:1720-1746. [PMID: 36197742 PMCID: PMC9580021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Metabolism is an essential part of life that provides energy for cell growth. During metabolic flux, reactive electrophiles are produced that covalently modify macromolecules, leading to detrimental cellular effects. Methylglyoxal (MG) is an abundant electrophile formed from lipid, protein, and glucose metabolism at intracellular levels of 1-4 μM. MG covalently modifies DNA, RNA, and protein, forming advanced glycation end products (MG-AGEs). MG and MG-AGEs are associated with the onset and progression of many pathologies including diabetes, cancer, and liver and kidney disease. Regulating MG and MG-AGEs is a potential strategy to prevent disease, and they may also have utility as biomarkers to predict disease risk, onset, and progression. Here, we review recent advances and knowledge surrounding MG, including its production and elimination, mechanisms of MG-AGEs formation, the physiological impact of MG and MG-AGEs in disease onset and progression, and the latter in the context of its receptor RAGE. We also discuss methods for measuring MG and MG-AGEs and their clinical application as prognostic biomarkers to allow for early detection and intervention prior to disease onset. Finally, we consider relevant clinical applications and current therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MG, MG-AGEs, and RAGE to ultimately improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seigmund Wai Tsuen Lai
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Edwin De Jesus Lopez Gonzalez
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Tala Zoukari
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Priscilla Ki
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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Nutraceutical Prevention of Diabetic Complications—Focus on Dicarbonyl and Oxidative Stress. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4314-4338. [PMID: 36135209 PMCID: PMC9498143 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative and dicarbonyl stress, driven by excess accumulation of glycolytic intermediates in cells that are highly permeable to glucose in the absence of effective insulin activity, appear to be the chief mediators of the complications of diabetes. The most pathogenically significant dicarbonyl stress reflects spontaneous dephosphorylation of glycolytic triose phosphates, giving rise to highly reactive methylglyoxal. This compound can be converted to harmless lactate by the sequential activity of glyoxalase I and II, employing glutathione as a catalyst. The transcription of glyoxalase I, rate-limiting for this process, is promoted by Nrf2, which can be activated by nutraceutical phase 2 inducers such as lipoic acid and sulforaphane. In cells exposed to hyperglycemia, glycine somehow up-regulates Nrf2 activity. Zinc can likewise promote glyoxalase I transcription, via activation of the metal-responsive transcription factor (MTF) that binds to the glyoxalase promoter. Induction of glyoxalase I and metallothionein may explain the protective impact of zinc in rodent models of diabetic complications. With respect to the contribution of oxidative stress to diabetic complications, promoters of mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, UCP2 inducers, inhibitors of NAPDH oxidase, recouplers of eNOS, glutathione precursors, membrane oxidant scavengers, Nrf2 activators, and correction of diabetic thiamine deficiency should help to quell this.
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Review on Chemical Constituents of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. and Their Pharmacological Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165249. [PMID: 36014489 PMCID: PMC9415675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq. is a famous Chinese traditional medicine with antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and hemostatic effects. Many chemical components can be isolated and detected by using various analysis methods, including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, aldehydes, ketones, quinones, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids and esters, etc., in which volatile oil was considered to be the main chemical component. In this paper, the chemical constituents and their pharmacological effects were reviewed by summarizing the recent literature, revealing the relationship between them.
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Methylglyoxal and glyoxalase 1-a metabolic stress pathway-linking hyperglycemia to the unfolded protein response and vascular complications of diabetes. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:819-824. [PMID: 35635155 PMCID: PMC9152679 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The study of the glyoxalase system by Thornalley and co-workers in clinical diabetes mellitus and correlation with diabetic complications revealed increased exposure of patients with diabetes to the reactive, dicarbonyl metabolite methylglyoxal (MG). Twenty-eight years later, extended and built on by Thornalley and co-workers and others, the glyoxalase system is an important pathway contributing to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes. Other related advances have been: characterization of a new kind of metabolic stress—‘dicarbonyl stress’; identification of the major physiological advanced glycation endproduct (AGE), MG-H1; physiological substrates of the unfolded protein response (UPR); new therapeutic agents—‘glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) inducers’; and a refined mechanism underlying the link of dysglycemia to the development of insulin resistance and vascular complications of diabetes.
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Biochemical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and other diabetic complications in humans: the methanol-formaldehyde-formic acid hypothesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:415-451. [PMID: 35607958 PMCID: PMC9828688 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is associated with abnormally-elevated cellular glucose levels. It is hypothesized that increased cellular glucose will lead to increased formation of endogenous methanol and/or formaldehyde, both of which are then metabolically converted to formic acid. These one-carbon metabolites are known to be present naturally in humans, and their levels are increased under diabetic conditions. Mechanistically, while formaldehyde is a cross-linking agent capable of causing extensive cytotoxicity, formic acid is an inhibitor of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, capable of inducing histotoxic hypoxia, ATP deficiency and cytotoxicity. Chronic increase in the production and accumulation of these toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients can drive the pathogenesis of ocular as well as other diabetic complications. This hypothesis is supported by a large body of experimental and clinical observations scattered in the literature. For instance, methanol is known to have organ- and species-selective toxicities, including the characteristic ocular lesions commonly seen in humans and non-human primates, but not in rodents. Similarly, some of the diabetic complications (such as ocular lesions) also have a characteristic species-selective pattern, closely resembling methanol intoxication. Moreover, while alcohol consumption or combined use of folic acid plus vitamin B is beneficial for mitigating acute methanol toxicity in humans, their use also improves the outcomes of diabetic complications. In addition, there is also a large body of evidence from biochemical and cellular studies. Together, there is considerable experimental support for the proposed hypothesis that increased metabolic formation of toxic one-carbon metabolites in diabetic patients contributes importantly to the development of various clinical complications.
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Chen J, Lin Y, Xing W, Zhang X, Xu H, Wang W, Lou K. An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine fluorescent probe for selective detection of glyoxals under weak acidic conditions. RSC Adv 2022; 12:9473-9477. [PMID: 35424850 PMCID: PMC8985128 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00741j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An anthracenecarboximide-guanidine based turn-on fluorescent probe ANC-DCP-1 for selective detection of glyoxals (methylglyoxal and glyoxal, GOS) over formaldehyde under weak acidic conditions around pH 6.0 was reported. The probe showed great potential in studying relative GOS levels in weak acidic biological fluids such as in urine for diabetic diagnosis and prognosis, and also found application in the food industry such as for fast unique manuka factor (UMF) scale determination of Manuka honey. Formation of 5-membered dihydroxyimidazolidines with increased deprotonation at around pH 6.0 and enhanced intramolecular charge transfer for turn-on fluorescence detection of glyoxals.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yuna Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wanjin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xingchen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei Wang
- A Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721-0207 USA
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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15
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Emerging Glycation-Based Therapeutics-Glyoxalase 1 Inducers and Glyoxalase 1 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052453. [PMID: 35269594 PMCID: PMC8910005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG) leading to increased glycation of protein and DNA has emerged as an important metabolic stress, dicarbonyl stress, linked to aging, and disease. Increased MG glycation produces inactivation and misfolding of proteins, cell dysfunction, activation of the unfolded protein response, and related low-grade inflammation. Glycation of DNA and the spliceosome contribute to an antiproliferative and apoptotic response of high, cytotoxic levels of MG. Glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) of the glyoxalase system has a major role in the metabolism of MG. Small molecule inducers of Glo1, Glo1 inducers, have been developed to alleviate dicarbonyl stress as a prospective treatment for the prevention and early-stage reversal of type 2 diabetes and prevention of vascular complications of diabetes. The first clinical trial with the Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP)-a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover phase 2A study for correction of insulin resistance in overweight and obese subjects, was completed successfully. tRES-HESP corrected insulin resistance, improved dysglycemia, and low-grade inflammation. Cell permeable Glo1 inhibitor prodrugs have been developed to induce severe dicarbonyl stress as a prospective treatment for cancer-particularly for high Glo1 expressing-related multidrug-resistant tumors. The prototype Glo1 inhibitor is prodrug S-p-bromobenzylglutathione cyclopentyl diester (BBGD). It has antitumor activity in vitro and in tumor-bearing mice in vivo. In the National Cancer Institute human tumor cell line screen, BBGD was most active against the glioblastoma SNB-19 cell line. Recently, potent antitumor activity was found in glioblastoma multiforme tumor-bearing mice. High Glo1 expression is a negative survival factor in chemotherapy of breast cancer where adjunct therapy with a Glo1 inhibitor may improve treatment outcomes. BBGD has not yet been evaluated clinically. Glycation by MG now appears to be a pathogenic process that may be pharmacologically manipulated for therapeutic outcomes of potentially important clinical impact.
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16
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Kato S, Sugawa H, Tabe K, Ito K, Nakashima H, Nagai R. Rapid pretreatment for multi-sample analysis of advanced glycation end products and their role in nephropathy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:256-261. [PMID: 35692677 PMCID: PMC9130061 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), produced by the Maillard reaction between carbohydrates and proteins, may be involved in diabetes and its complications. Accurate quantification of AGEs in vivo can demonstrate the relation between AGEs and pathological conditions, but it is not widely used in clinical practice because of the multiple pretreatment steps before analyses. We developed a fully automated solid-phase extraction system (FSPES) to simplify rate-limiting pretreatment using a cation exchange column. We applied this device to evaluate AGEs in nephropathy. Among the standard samples, we used arginine, lysine, Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nω-(carboxymethyl)arginine (CMA), Nε-(carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolone-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) for FSPES. We analyzed the coefficient of variation (CV) by mass spectrometry. FSPES performed column operations rapidly at a pressure three times higher compared with the conventional method. FSPES stably performed pretreatment. CV results for CML, CMA, CEL, and MG-H1 measurements in bovine and human serum were the same as those in the conventional pretreatment. Among the AGE structures we measured, CML and CEL increased with the decline in kidney function. The CML and CEL levels of patients with nephropathy were significantly higher than those in normal subjects. Thus, FSPES is useful for clarifying the relation between AGEs and various pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Kato
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Hikari Sugawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Kodai Tabe
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Department of Bioscience, School of Agriculture, Tokai University
| | - Kenji Ito
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Hitoshi Nakashima
- Division of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokai University
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17
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Hernandez-Castillo C, Shuck SC. Diet and Obesity-Induced Methylglyoxal Production and Links to Metabolic Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2424-2440. [PMID: 34851609 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The obesity rate in the United States is 42.4% and has become a national epidemic. Obesity is a complex condition that is influenced by socioeconomic status, ethnicity, genetics, age, and diet. Increased consumption of a Western diet, one that is high in processed foods, red meat, and sugar content, is associated with elevated obesity rates. Factors that increase obesity risk, such as socioeconomic status, also increase consumption of a Western diet because of a limited access to healthier options and greater affordability of processed foods. Obesity is a public health threat because it increases the risk of several pathologies, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cancer. The molecular mechanisms linking obesity to disease onset and progression are not well understood, but a proposed mechanism is physiological changes caused by altered lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, and protein metabolism. These metabolic pathways give rise to reactive molecules such as the abundant electrophile methylglyoxal (MG), which covalently modifies nucleic acids and proteins. MG-adducts are associated with obesity-linked pathologies and may have potential for biomonitoring to determine the risk of disease onset and progression. MG-adducts may also play a role in disease progression because they are mutagenic and directly impact protein stability and function. In this review, we discuss how obesity drives metabolic alterations, how these alterations lead to MG production, the association of MG-adducts with disease, and the potential impact of MG-adducts on cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hernandez-Castillo
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
| | - Sarah C Shuck
- Department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010, United States
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18
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Corica D, Pepe G, Currò M, Aversa T, Tropeano A, Ientile R, Wasniewska M. Methods to investigate advanced glycation end-product and their application in clinical practice. Methods 2021; 203:90-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Normalizing HIF-1α Signaling Improves Cellular Glucose Metabolism and Blocks the Pathological Pathways of Hyperglycemic Damage. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091139. [PMID: 34572324 PMCID: PMC8471680 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular metabolism of excess glucose induces mitochondrial dysfunction and diversion of glycolytic intermediates into branch pathways, leading to cell injury and inflammation. Hyperglycemia-driven overproduction of mitochondrial superoxide was thought to be the initiator of these biochemical changes, but accumulating evidence indicates that mitochondrial superoxide generation is dispensable for diabetic complications development. Here we tested the hypothesis that hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and related bioenergetic changes (Warburg effect) play an initiating role in glucotoxicity. By using human endothelial cells and macrophages, we demonstrate that high glucose (HG) induces HIF-1α activity and a switch from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis and its principal branches. HIF1-α silencing, the carbonyl-trapping and anti-glycating agent ʟ-carnosine, and the glyoxalase-1 inducer trans-resveratrol reversed HG-induced bioenergetics/biochemical changes and endothelial-monocyte cell inflammation, pointing to methylglyoxal (MGO) as the non-hypoxic stimulus for HIF1-α induction. Consistently, MGO mimicked the effects of HG on HIF-1α induction and was able to induce a switch from oxidative metabolism to glycolysis. Mechanistically, methylglyoxal causes HIF1-α stabilization by inhibiting prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain 2 enzyme activity through post-translational glycation. These findings introduce a paradigm shift in the pathogenesis and prevention of diabetic complications by identifying HIF-1α as essential mediator of glucotoxicity, targetable with carbonyl-trapping agents and glyoxalase-1 inducers.
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20
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Qi H, Schmöhl F, Li X, Qian X, Tabler CT, Bennewitz K, Sticht C, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Volk N, Hausser I, Heidenreich E, Hell R, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Reduced Acrolein Detoxification in akr1a1a Zebrafish Mutants Causes Impaired Insulin Receptor Signaling and Microvascular Alterations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101281. [PMID: 34278746 PMCID: PMC8456208 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Increased acrolein (ACR), a toxic metabolite derived from energy consumption, is associated with diabetes and its complications. However, the molecular mechanisms are mostly unknown, and a suitable animal model with internal increased ACR does not exist for in vivo studying so far. Several enzyme systems are responsible for acrolein detoxification, such as Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH), Aldo-Keto Reductase (AKR), and Glutathione S-Transferase (GST). To evaluate the function of ACR in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, akr1a1a-/- zebrafish mutants are generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Accumulated endogenous acrolein is confirmed in akr1a1a-/- larvae and livers of adults. Moreover, a series of experiments are performed regarding organic alterations, the glucose homeostasis, transcriptome, and metabolomics in Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish. Akr1a1a-/- larvae display impaired glucose homeostasis and angiogenic retina hyaloid vasculature, which are caused by reduced acrolein detoxification ability and increased internal ACR concentration. The effects of acrolein on hyaloid vasculature can be reversed by acrolein-scavenger l-carnosine treatment. In adult akr1a1a-/- mutants, impaired glucose tolerance accompanied by angiogenic retina vessels and glomerular basement membrane thickening, consistent with an early pathological appearance in diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, are observed. Thus, the data strongly suggest impaired ACR detoxification and elevated ACR concentration as biomarkers and inducers for diabetes and diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhe Qi
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
- Department of Vascular SurgeryRenji HospitalSchool of MedicineShanghai Jiaotong UniversityShanghai200127China
| | - Felix Schmöhl
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Christoph T. Tabler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- NGS Core FacilityMedical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
| | - Nadine Volk
- Tissue Bank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) HeidelbergHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology IPHEM LabHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Elena Heidenreich
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Metabolomics Core Technology PlatformCentre for Organismal StudiesHeidelberg UniversityHeidelberg69120Germany
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical ChemistryHeidelberg University HospitalHeidelberg69120Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)Neuherberg85764Germany
- Joint Heidelberg‐IDC Translational Diabetes ProgramHelmholtz‐ZentrumNeuherberg85764Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor AngiogenesisEuropean Center for Angioscience (ECAS)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim68167Germany
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21
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Wang W, Chen J, Ma H, Xing W, Lv N, Zhang B, Xu H, Wang W, Lou K. An "AND"-logic-gate-based fluorescent probe with dual reactive sites for monitoring extracellular methylglyoxal level changes of activated macrophages. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8166-8169. [PMID: 34318802 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01859k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An "AND"-logic-gate-based fluorescent probe NAP-DCP-4 with dual reactive sites is reported, which has improved selectivity for methylglyoxal over glyoxal, featuring formaldehyde-enhanced methylglyoxal detection and irreversible and reversible turn-on fluorescence responses at different excitation wavelengths. Its cell-impermeability enables facile monitoring of extracellular methylglyoxal level changes in the supernatant of activated macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Reactor, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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22
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The Glyoxalase System in Age-Related Diseases: Nutritional Intervention as Anti-Ageing Strategy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081852. [PMID: 34440621 PMCID: PMC8393707 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The glyoxalase system is critical for the detoxification of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds resulting from the non-enzymatic modification of biomolecules by sugars or their metabolites through a process called glycation. AGEs have adverse effects on many tissues, playing a pathogenic role in the progression of molecular and cellular aging. Due to the age-related decline in different anti-AGE mechanisms, including detoxifying mechanisms and proteolytic capacities, glycated biomolecules are accumulated during normal aging in our body in a tissue-dependent manner. Viewed in this way, anti-AGE detoxifying systems are proposed as therapeutic targets to fight pathological dysfunction associated with AGE accumulation and cytotoxicity. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge related to the protective mechanisms against glycative stress, with a special emphasis on the glyoxalase system as the primary mechanism for detoxifying the reactive intermediates of glycation. This review focuses on glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), the first enzyme of the glyoxalase system, and the rate-limiting enzyme of this catalytic process. Although GLO1 is ubiquitously expressed, protein levels and activities are regulated in a tissue-dependent manner. We provide a comparative analysis of GLO1 protein in different tissues. Our findings indicate a role for the glyoxalase system in homeostasis in the eye retina, a highly oxygenated tissue with rapid protein turnover. We also describe modulation of the glyoxalase system as a therapeutic target to delay the development of age-related diseases and summarize the literature that describes the current knowledge about nutritional compounds with properties to modulate the glyoxalase system.
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pesce C, Pugliese G, Menini S. Diabetic Complications and Oxidative Stress: A 20-Year Voyage Back in Time and Back to the Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050727. [PMID: 34063078 PMCID: PMC8147954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years have passed since Brownlee and colleagues proposed a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications, introducing a turning point in this field of research. For the first time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified as the causal link between hyperglycemia and four seemingly independent pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular disease. Before and after this milestone in diabetes research, hundreds of articles describe a role for ROS, but the failure of clinical trials to demonstrate antioxidant benefits and some recent experimental studies showing that ROS are dispensable for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications call for time to reflect. This twenty-year journey focuses on the most relevant literature regarding the main sources of ROS generation in diabetes and their role in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction and diabetic complications. To identify future research directions, this review discusses the evidence in favor and against oxidative stress as an initial event in the cellular biochemical abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia. It also explores possible alternative mechanisms, including carbonyl stress and the Warburg effect, linking glucose and lipid excess, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism leading to vascular cell injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Pesce
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Department of Excellence of MIUR, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-377-5440
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
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Spinach Methanolic Extract Attenuates the Retinal Degeneration in Diabetic Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050717. [PMID: 34063668 PMCID: PMC8147642 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that spinach methanolic extract (SME) inhibits the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which are increased during diabetes progression, so it is important to know if SME has beneficial effects in the diabetic retina. In this study, in vitro assays showed that SME inhibits glycation, carbonyl groups formation, and reduced-thiol groups depletion in bovine serum albumin incubated either reducing sugars or methylglyoxal. The SME effect in retinas of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (STZ) was also studied (n = 10) in the normoglycemic group, STZ, STZ rats treated with SME, and STZ rats treated with aminoguanidine (anti-AGEs reference group) during 12 weeks. The retina was sectioned and immunostained for Nε-carboxymethyl lysine (CML), receptor RAGE, NADPH-Nox4, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), nuclear NF-κB, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100B protein, and TUNEL assay. Lipid peroxidation was determined in the whole retina by malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The results showed that in the diabetic retina, SME reduced the CML-RAGE co-localization, oxidative stress (NOX4, iNOS, NT, MDA), inflammation (NF-κB, VEGF, S100B, GFAP), and apoptosis (p < 0.05). Therefore, SME could attenuate the retinal degeneration by inhibition of CML-RAGE interaction.
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25
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Kırça M, Yeşilkaya A. Methylglyoxal stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:279-284. [PMID: 33896363 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1918167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO) is considered responsible for the detrimental effects of high blood glucose. MGO is produced as a by-product of the glycolysis pathway. While the glyoxalase system removes it, the system fails in people with diabetes. MGO concentration is detected as elevated in these patients. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may play a role in atherosclerosis progression and vascular diseases. If ER stress persists, it may result in apoptosis of the cell. As a result, stabilized plaque structure by these cells may be ruptured and cause a stroke. This study aimed to investigate whether MGO can induce ER stress and apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Also, the effects of aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AGH), 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) were scrutinized to relieve ER stress. VSMCs were isolated from rat aorta and cultured primary. PERK phosphorylation, IRE1α, ATF6, BiP (Grp78), and CHOP expressions were detected by the western blot technique. A caspase-3 assay kit measured the apoptosis. MGO could stimulate the main three ER stress pathways, PERK phosphorylation, IRE1α, and ATF6 expressions in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, AGH, 4-PBA, and TUDCA alleviated MGO-induced ER stress. However, we detected neither an increase in CHOP expression nor apoptosis in VSMCs. This study shows that MGO induces ER stress even at low concentrations in VSMCs. The impaired glyoxalase system may cause MGO accumulation and result in persisted ER stress. Supposing that ER stress is not mitigated, this table might be finalized in cell apoptosis, plaque rupture, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Kırça
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Akın Yeşilkaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School of Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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26
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Alouffi S, Khan MWA. Dicarbonyls Generation, Toxicities, Detoxifications and Potential Roles in Diabetes Complications. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2020; 21:890-898. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666191010155145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
It has been well established that advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) have a strong
correlation with diabetes and its secondary complications. Moreover, dicarbonyls, especially, methylglyoxal
(MG) and glyoxal, accelerate AGEs formation and hence, have potential roles in the pathogenesis
of diabetes. They can also induce oxidative stress and concomitantly decrease the efficiency of
antioxidant enzymes. Increased proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-
1β) are secreted by monocytes due to the dicarbonyl-modified proteins. High levels of blood dicarbonyls
have been identified in diabetes and its associated complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and
neuropathy). This review aims to provide a better understanding by including in-depth information
about the formation of MG and glyoxal through multiple pathways with a focus on their biological
functions and detoxifications. The potential role of these dicarbonyls in secondary diabetic complications
is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Alouffi
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Dicarbonyl derived post-translational modifications: chemistry bridging biology and aging-related disease. Essays Biochem 2020; 64:97-110. [PMID: 31939602 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20190057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In living systems, nucleophilic amino acid residues are prone to non-enzymatic post-translational modification by electrophiles. α-Dicarbonyl compounds are a special type of electrophiles that can react irreversibly with lysine, arginine, and cysteine residues via complex mechanisms to form post-translational modifications known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Glyoxal, methylglyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone are the major endogenous dicarbonyls, with methylglyoxal being the most well-studied. There are several routes that lead to the formation of dicarbonyl compounds, most originating from glucose and glucose metabolism, such as the non-enzymatic decomposition of glycolytic intermediates and fructosyl amines. Although dicarbonyls are removed continuously mainly via the glyoxalase system, several conditions lead to an increase in dicarbonyl concentration and thereby AGE formation. AGEs have been implicated in diabetes and aging-related diseases, and for this reason the elucidation of their structure as well as protein targets is of great interest. Though the dicarbonyls and reactive protein side chains are of relatively simple nature, the structures of the adducts as well as their mechanism of formation are not that trivial. Furthermore, detection of sites of modification can be demanding and current best practices rely on either direct mass spectrometry or various methods of enrichment based on antibodies or click chemistry followed by mass spectrometry. Future research into the structure of these adducts and protein targets of dicarbonyl compounds may improve the understanding of how the mechanisms of diabetes and aging-related physiological damage occur.
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Aragonès G, Rowan S, G Francisco S, Yang W, Weinberg J, Taylor A, Bejarano E. Glyoxalase System as a Therapeutic Target against Diabetic Retinopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9111062. [PMID: 33143048 PMCID: PMC7692619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9111062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a defining characteristic of diabetes, combined with oxidative stress, results in the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that have adverse effects on many tissues including the retina and lens. AGEs promote the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, in turn, boost the production of AGEs, resulting in positive feedback loops, a vicious cycle that compromises tissue fitness. Oxidative stress and the accumulation of AGEs are etiologically associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including diabetic retinopathy (DR). DR is a devastating microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. The onset and development of DR is multifactorial. Lowering AGEs accumulation may represent a potential therapeutic approach to slow this sight-threatening diabetic complication. To set DR in a physiological context, in this review we first describe relations between oxidative stress, formation of AGEs, and aging in several tissues of the eye, each of which is associated with a major age-related eye pathology. We summarize mechanisms of AGEs generation and anti-AGEs detoxifying systems. We specifically feature the potential of the glyoxalase system in the retina in the prevention of AGEs-associated damage linked to DR. We provide a comparative analysis of glyoxalase activity in different tissues from wild-type mice, supporting a major role for the glyoxalase system in the detoxification of AGEs in the retina, and present the manipulation of this system as a therapeutic strategy to prevent the onset of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Sheldon Rowan
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Sarah G Francisco
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Friedman School of Nutrition and Science Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
| | - Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02155, USA; (G.A.); (S.R.); (S.G.F.); (W.Y.); (J.W.)
- Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (E.B.); Tel.: +617-556-3156 (A.T.)
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Xu H, Liu Q, Song X, Wang C, Wang X, Ma S, Wang X, Feng Y, Meng X, Liu X, Wang W, Lou K. Fluorophore-Promoted Facile Deprotonation and Exocyclic Five-Membered Ring Cyclization for Selective and Dynamic Tracking of Labile Glyoxals. Anal Chem 2020; 92:13829-13838. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaodong Song
- Medical Laboratory Department, Hua Shan Hospital North, Fudan University, 108 Luxiang Road, Shanghai 201907, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore
| | - Xinru Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Shengnan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiangming Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, 111 Jiulong Road, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Fluorescence Research Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road 487372 Singapore
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0207, United States
| | - Kaiyan Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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30
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Lou B, Boger M, Bennewitz K, Sticht C, Kopf S, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Hell R, Yuan Z, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. Elevated 4-hydroxynonenal induces hyperglycaemia via Aldh3a1 loss in zebrafish and associates with diabetes progression in humans. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101723. [PMID: 32980661 PMCID: PMC7519378 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased methylglyoxal (MG) formation is associated with diabetes and its complications. In zebrafish, knockout of the main MG detoxifying system Glyoxalase 1, led to limited MG elevation but significantly elevated aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) activity and aldh3a1 expression, suggesting the compensatory role of Aldh3a1 in diabetes. To evaluate the function of Aldh3a1 in glucose homeostasis and diabetes, aldh3a1−/− zebrafish mutants were generated using CRISPR-Cas9. Vasculature and pancreas morphology were analysed by zebrafish transgenic reporter lines. Corresponding reactive carbonyl species (RCS), glucose, transcriptome and metabolomics screenings were performed and ALDH activity was measured for further verification. Aldh3a1−/− zebrafish larvae displayed retinal vasodilatory alterations, impaired glucose homeostasis, which can be aggravated via pdx1 silencing induced hyperglycaemia. Unexpectedly, MG was not altered, but 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), another prominent lipid peroxidation RCS exhibited high affinity with Aldh3a1, was increased in aldh3a1 mutants. 4-HNE was responsible for the retinal phenotype via pancreas disruption induced hyperglycaemia and can be rescued via l-Carnosine treatment. Furthermore, in type 2 diabetic patients, serum 4-HNE was increased and correlated with disease progression. Thus, our data suggest impaired 4-HNE detoxification and elevated 4-HNE concentration as biomarkers but also the possible inducers for diabetes, from genetic susceptibility to the pathological progression. Aldh3a1 mutant was generated using CRISPR/Cas9 and displayed impaired glucose homeostasis. Elevated 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) was responsible for hyperglycaemia in aldh3a1 mutants and was rescued by Carnosine. Patient serum 4-HNE level was correlated with HbA1c and fasting glucose. Impaired 4-HNE detoxification acts as possible inducers for diabetes, from genetic susceptibility to pathological progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lou
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Mike Boger
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Bennewitz
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research (ZMF), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Hell
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Cardiovascular Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Peter Paul Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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Donato L, Scimone C, Alibrandi S, Nicocia G, Rinaldi C, Sidoti A, D’Angelo R. Discovery of GLO1 New Related Genes and Pathways by RNA-Seq on A2E-Stressed Retinal Epithelial Cells Could Improve Knowledge on Retinitis Pigmentosa. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E416. [PMID: 32413970 PMCID: PMC7278727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous antioxidants protect cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related deleterious effects, and an imbalance in the oxidant/antioxidant systems generates oxidative stress. Glyoxalase 1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitous cellular enzyme involved in detoxification of methylglyoxal (MG), a cytotoxic byproduct of glycolysis whose excess can produce oxidative stress. In retinitis pigmentosa, one of the most diffuse cause of blindness, oxidative damage leads to photoreceptor death. To clarify the role of GLO1 in retinitis pigmentosa onset and progression, we treated human retinal pigment epithelium cells by the oxidant agent A2E. Transcriptome profiles between treated and untreated cells were performed by RNA-Seq, considering two time points (3 and 6 h), after the basal one. The exposure to A2E highlighted significant expression differences and splicing events in 370 GLO1 first-neighbor genes, and 23 of them emerged from pathway clustered analysis as main candidates to be associated with retinitis pigmentosa. Such a hypothesis was corroborated by the involvement of previously analyzed genes in specific cellular activities related to oxidative stress, such as glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, glycolysis, axo-dendritic transport, lipoprotein activity and metabolism, SUMOylation and retrograde transport at the trans-Golgi network. Our findings could be the starting point to explore unclear molecular mechanisms involved in retinitis pigmentosa etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Donato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Concetta Scimone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Simona Alibrandi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Nicocia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Carmela Rinaldi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Antonina Sidoti
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia D’Angelo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (C.S.); (S.A.); (C.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Biomolecular strategies, genetics and avant-garde therapies, I.E.ME.S.T., 90139 Palermo, Italy
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32
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Haque E, Kamil M, Hasan A, Irfan S, Sheikh S, Khatoon A, Nazir A, Mir SS. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein aggregation and their cross talk: new insight in tumorigenesis. Glycobiology 2020; 30:49-57. [PMID: 31508802 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein glycation and protein aggregation are two distinct phenomena being observed in cancer cells as factors promoting cancer cell viability. Protein aggregation is an abnormal interaction between proteins caused as a result of structural changes in them after any mutation or environmental assault. Protein aggregation is usually associated with neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, but of late, research findings have shown its association with the development of different cancers like lung, breast and ovarian cancer. On the contrary, protein glycation is a cascade of irreversible nonenzymatic reaction of reducing sugar with the amino group of the protein resulting in the modification of protein structure and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). These AGEs are reported to obstruct the normal function of proteins. Lately, it has been reported that protein aggregation occurs as a result of AGEs. This aggregation of protein promotes the transformation of healthy cells to neoplasia leading to tumorigenesis. In this review, we underline the current knowledge of protein aggregation and glycation along with the cross talk between the two, which may eventually lead to the development of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejazul Haque
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India.,Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanskaul. 2, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohd Kamil
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India.,Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, Soltanskaul. 2, 21000, Split, Croatia.,Department of Microbiology, Beykoz Life Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (BILSAB), Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Adria Hasan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Safia Irfan
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Saba Sheikh
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Aisha Khatoon
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India
| | - Snober S Mir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Integral University, Kursi Road, Lucknow 226026, India
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33
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Arumugam B, Palanisamy UD, Chua KH, Kuppusamy UR. Amelioration of hyperglycemia-induced oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells by myricetin derivatives isolated from Syzygium malaccense. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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34
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Kold-Christensen R, Johannsen M. Methylglyoxal Metabolism and Aging-Related Disease: Moving from Correlation toward Causation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:81-92. [PMID: 31757593 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MG) is a ubiquitous metabolite that spontaneously reacts with biopolymers forming advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). AGEs are strongly associated with aging-related diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes. As the formation of AGEs is nonenzymatic, the damage caused by MG and AGEs has been regarded as unspecific. This may have resulted in the field generally been regarded as unappealing by many researchers, as detailed mechanisms have been difficult to probe. However, accumulating evidence highlighting the importance of MG in human metabolism and disease, as well as data revealing how MG can elicit its signaling function via specific protein AGEs, could change the current mindset, accelerating the field to the forefront of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mogens Johannsen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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35
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Kamphuis JBJ, Guiard B, Leveque M, Olier M, Jouanin I, Yvon S, Tondereau V, Rivière P, Guéraud F, Chevolleau S, Noguer-Meireles MH, Martin JF, Debrauwer L, Eutamène H, Theodorou V. Lactose and Fructo-oligosaccharides Increase Visceral Sensitivity in Mice via Glycation Processes, Increasing Mast Cell Density in Colonic Mucosa. Gastroenterology 2020; 158:652-663.e6. [PMID: 31711923 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and erratic bowel habits. A diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) can reduce symptoms of IBS, possibly by reducing microbial fermentation products. We investigated whether ingestion of FODMAPs can induce IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity mediated by fermentation products of intestinal microbes in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were gavaged with lactose, with or without the antiglycation agent pyridoxamine, or saline (controls) daily for 3 weeks. A separate group of mice were fed a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides, with or without pyridoxamine in drinking water, or a normal chow diet (controls) for 6 weeks. Feces were collected and analyzed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bacterial community analyses. Abdominal sensitivity was measured by electromyography and mechanical von Frey filament assays. Colon tissues were collected from some mice and analyzed by histology and immunofluorescence to quantify mast cells and expression of advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor (AGER). RESULTS Mice gavaged with lactose or fed fructo-oligosaccharides had increased abdominal sensitivity compared with controls, associated with increased numbers of mast cells in colon and expression of the receptor for AGER in proximal colon epithelium. These effects were prevented by administration of pyridoxamine. Lactose and/or pyridoxamine did not induce significant alterations in the composition of the fecal microbiota. Mass spectrometric analysis of carbonyl compounds in fecal samples identified signatures associated with mice given lactose or fructo-oligosaccharides vs controls. CONCLUSIONS We found that oral administration of lactose or fructo-oligosaccharides to mice increases abdominal sensitivity, associated with increased numbers of mast cells in colon and expression of AGER; these can be prevented with an antiglycation agent. Lactose and/or pyridoxamine did not produce alterations in fecal microbiota of mice. Our findings indicate that preventing glycation reactions might reduce abdominal pain in patients with IBS with sensitivity to FODMAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper B J Kamphuis
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Bruno Guiard
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathilde Leveque
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Maiwenn Olier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Isabelle Jouanin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; AXIOM Platform, MetaToul MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Yvon
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Valerie Tondereau
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Pauline Rivière
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Prevention and Promotion of Carcinogenesis by Food team, Toxalim, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Chevolleau
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; AXIOM Platform, MetaToul MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria-Helena Noguer-Meireles
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; AXIOM Platform, MetaToul MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Martin
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; AXIOM Platform, MetaToul MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Debrauwer
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; AXIOM Platform, MetaToul MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and Fluxomics, Toulouse, France
| | - Helene Eutamène
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse.
| | - Vassilia Theodorou
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Toxalim, UMR1331, INRAE/INP/UPS, Toulouse, France; Neurogastroenterology and Nutrition, Toxalim, Toulouse
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Augustine J, Troendle EP, Barabas P, McAleese CA, Friedel T, Stitt AW, Curtis TM. The Role of Lipoxidation in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:621938. [PMID: 33679605 PMCID: PMC7935543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.621938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids can undergo modification as a result of interaction with reactive oxygen species (ROS). For example, lipid peroxidation results in the production of a wide variety of highly reactive aldehyde species which can drive a range of disease-relevant responses in cells and tissues. Such lipid aldehydes react with nucleophilic groups on macromolecules including phospholipids, nucleic acids, and proteins which, in turn, leads to the formation of reversible or irreversible adducts known as advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs). In the setting of diabetes, lipid peroxidation and ALE formation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of macro- and microvascular complications. As the most common diabetic complication, retinopathy is one of the leading causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide. Herein, we discuss diabetic retinopathy (DR) as a disease entity and review the current knowledge and experimental data supporting a role for lipid peroxidation and ALE formation in the onset and development of this condition. Potential therapeutic approaches to prevent lipid peroxidation and lipoxidation reactions in the diabetic retina are also considered, including the use of antioxidants, lipid aldehyde scavenging agents and pharmacological and gene therapy approaches for boosting endogenous aldehyde detoxification systems. It is concluded that further research in this area could lead to new strategies to halt the progression of DR before irreversible retinal damage and sight-threatening complications occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josy Augustine
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Evan P. Troendle
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Barabas
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Corey A. McAleese
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Friedel
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tim M. Curtis
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queen’s University of Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tim M. Curtis,
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Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA. Methylglyoxal, a Highly Reactive Dicarbonyl Compound, in Diabetes, Its Vascular Complications, and Other Age-Related Diseases. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:407-461. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation and accumulation of methylglyoxal (MGO), a highly reactive dicarbonyl compound, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and several other age-related chronic inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and disorders of the central nervous system. MGO is mainly formed as a byproduct of glycolysis and, under physiological circumstances, detoxified by the glyoxalase system. MGO is the major precursor of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins and DNA, subsequently leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). MGO and MGO-derived AGEs can impact on organs and tissues affecting their functions and structure. In this review we summarize the formation of MGO, the detoxification of MGO by the glyoxalase system, and the biochemical pathways through which MGO is linked to the development of diabetes, vascular complications of diabetes, and other age-related diseases. Although interventions to treat MGO-associated complications are not yet available in the clinical setting, several strategies to lower MGO have been developed over the years. We will summarize several new directions to target MGO stress including glyoxalase inducers and MGO scavengers. Targeting MGO burden may provide new therapeutic applications to mitigate diseases in which MGO plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. G. Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - C. D. A. Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Do MH, Choi J, Kim Y, Park HY, Park Y, Ha SK, Hur J. Schizonepeta tenuifolia reduces methylglyoxal-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in mesangial cells. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Wang Z, Zhao D, Chen L, Li J, Yuan G, Yang G, Zhang H, Guo X, Zhang J. Glycine increases glyoxalase-1 function by promoting nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 translocation into the nucleus of kidney cells of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2019; 10:1189-1198. [PMID: 30825261 PMCID: PMC6717822 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We have previously reported that glycine suppresses the advanced glycation end-products signaling pathway and mitigates subsequent oxidative stress in the kidneys of diabetic rats. In the present study, we investigated whether this beneficial effect was associated with upregulation of glyoxalase-1 (Glo1) and activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). MATERIALS AND METHODS Both healthy rats and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were administrated with glycine (1% added to the drinking water) for 12 weeks. The function of Glo1, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein expressions of Nrf2, and markers of oxidative status were measured in the kidneys. The mRNA expressions of other downstream signaling molecules of the Nrf2 pathway were also determined. RESULTS The mRNA and protein expressions, as well as the activity of Glo1, were decreased in the kidneys of diabetic rats, accompanied by diminished glutathione levels. After glycine treatment, these parameters of Glo1 function were markedly increased. Compared with the control group, the levels of Nrf2 mRNA and protein in the total kidney lysis were both markedly elevated in the diabetic group and glycine-treated group. However, the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 was significantly increased in the glycine-treated group than in the diabetic group. In addition, the anti-oxidant capacity and the expressions of other downstream molecules of the Nrf2 signaling pathway were significantly increased after glycine treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that glycine might enhance the function of Glo1 and restore anti-oxidant defense by promoting the nuclear translocation of Nrf2, thus inhibiting advanced glycation end-products formation and protecting against renal oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Dan Zhao
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Lei Chen
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Jingjing Li
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Geheng Yuan
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Guosheng Yang
- Animal CenterPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Junqing Zhang
- EndocrinologyPeking University First HospitalBeijingChina
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Maasen K, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Scheijen JLJM, van der Kallen CJH, Stehouwer CDA, Schalkwijk CG. High dietary glycemic load is associated with higher concentrations of urinary advanced glycation endproducts: the Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:358-366. [PMID: 31240298 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) and their precursors (dicarbonyls) are associated with the progression of diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Plasma concentrations of dicarbonyls methylglyoxal (MGO), glyoxal (GO), and 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG) are increased after an oral glucose load indicating that consumption of diets high in carbohydrates may induce the endogenous formation of dicarbonyls and AGEs. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of dietary glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) with concentrations of dicarbonyls and AGEs in plasma and urine. METHODS Cross-sectional analyses were performed in a human observational cohort [Cohort on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM), n = 494, 59 ± 7 y, 25% type 2 diabetes]. GI and GL were derived from FFQs. Dicarbonyls and AGEs were measured in the fasting state by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem MS. MGO, GO, and 3-DG and protein-bound Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine (CEL), and pentosidine were measured in plasma. Free forms of CML, CEL, and Nδ-(5-hydro-5-methyl-4-imidazolon-2-yl)-ornithine (MG-H1) were measured in both plasma and urine. Multiple linear regression was performed with dicarbonyls and AGEs as dependent variables, and dietary GI or GL as main independent variables (all standardized). Models were adjusted for health and lifestyle factors, dietary factors, and reciprocally for GI and GL. As this was an explorative study, we did not adjust for multiple testing. RESULTS GI was not associated with any of the dicarbonyls or AGEs. GL was positively associated with free urinary MG-H1 (β = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.55). Furthermore, GL was positively associated with free plasma MG-H1 and free urinary CML (β = 0.23; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.43; and β = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.50), but these associations were not independent of dietary AGE intake. CONCLUSIONS A habitual diet higher in GL is associated with higher concentrations of free urinary MG-H1. This urinary AGE is most likely a reflection of AGE accumulation and degradation in tissues, where they may be involved in tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Maasen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jean L J M Scheijen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands; and Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
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Dietary Glycotoxins Impair Hepatic Lipidemic Profile in Diet-Induced Obese Rats Causing Hepatic Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6362910. [PMID: 31341532 PMCID: PMC6614994 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6362910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by excessive liver lipid accumulation, but insulin resistance is specifically associated with impaired lipid saturation, oxidation, and storage (esterification), besides increased de novo lipogenesis. We hypothesized that dietary glycotoxins could impair hepatic lipid metabolism in obesity contributing to lipotoxicity-driven insulin resistance and thus to the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In diet-induced obese rats with methylglyoxal-induced glycation, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography were used to assess liver composition in fatty acyl chains and phospholipids. High-fat diet-induced obesity increased liver lipid fraction and suppressed de novo lipogenesis but did not change fatty acid esterification and saturation or insulin sensitivity. Despite a similar increase in total lipid fraction when supplementing the high-fat diet with dietary glycotoxins, impairment in the suppression of de novo lipogenesis and decreased fatty acid unsaturation and esterification were observed. Moreover, glycotoxins also decreased polyunsaturated cardiolipins and caused oxidative stress, portal inflammation, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Dietary glycated products do not change total lipid levels in the liver of obese rats but dramatically modify the lipidemic profile, leading to oxidative stress, hepatic lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance in obesity and thus contribute to the onset of NASH.
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Lodd E, Wiggenhauser LM, Morgenstern J, Fleming TH, Poschet G, Büttner M, Tabler CT, Wohlfart DP, Nawroth PP, Kroll J. The combination of loss of glyoxalase1 and obesity results in hyperglycemia. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126154. [PMID: 31217350 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased formation of methylglyoxal (MG) under hyperglycemia is associated with the development of microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus; however, the effects of elevated MG levels in vivo are poorly understood. In zebrafish, a transient knockdown of glyoxalase 1, the main MG detoxifying system, led to the elevation of endogenous MG levels and blood vessel alterations. To evaluate effects of a permanent knockout of glyoxalase 1 in vivo, glo1-/- zebrafish mutants were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. In addition, a diet-induced-obesity zebrafish model was used to analyze glo1-/- zebrafish under high nutrient intake. Glo1-/- zebrafish survived until adulthood without growth deficit and showed increased tissue MG concentrations. Impaired glucose tolerance developed in adult glo1-/- zebrafish and was indicated by increased postprandial blood glucose levels and postprandial S6 kinase activation. Challenged by an overfeeding period, fasting blood glucose levels in glo1-/- zebrafish were increased which translated into retinal blood vessel alterations. Thus, the data have identified a defective MG detoxification as a metabolic prerequisite and glyoxalase 1 alterations as a genetic susceptibility to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus under high nutrition intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lodd
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lucas M Wiggenhauser
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas H Fleming
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Büttner
- Metabolomics Core Technology Platform, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph T Tabler
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - David P Wohlfart
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz-Zentrum, München, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kroll
- Department of Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Activation of the unfolded protein response in high glucose treated endothelial cells is mediated by methylglyoxal. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7889. [PMID: 31133647 PMCID: PMC6536510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction of endothelial cells in hyperglycemia contributes to the development of vascular complications of diabetes where increased reactive glycating agent, methylglyoxal (MG), is involved. We assessed if increased MG glycation induced proteotoxic stress, identifying related metabolic drivers and protein targets. Human aortal endothelial cells (HAECs) were incubated in high glucose concentration (20 mM versus 5 mM control) in vitro for 3–6 days. Flux of glucose metabolism, MG formation and glycation and changes in cytosolic protein abundances, MG modification and proteotoxic responses were assessed. Similar studies were performed with human microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells where similar outcomes were observed. HAECs exposed to high glucose concentration showed increased cellular concentration of MG (2.27 ± 0.21 versus 1.28 ± 0.03 pmol/106 cells, P < 0.01) and formation of MG-modified proteins (24.0 ± 3.7 versus 14.1 ± 3.2 pmol/106 cells/day; P < 0.001). In proteomics analysis, high glucose concentration increased proteins of the heat shock response – indicating activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) with downstream inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses. Proteins susceptible to MG modification were enriched in protein folding, protein synthesis, serine/threonine kinase signalling, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. MG was increased in high glucose by increased flux of MG formation linked to increased glucose metabolism mediated by proteolytic stabilisation and increase of hexokinase-2 (HK-2); later potentiated by proteolytic down regulation of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1) - the major enzyme of MG metabolism. Silencing of Glo1, selectively increasing MG, activated the UPR similarly. Silencing of HK-2 prevented increased glucose metabolism and MG formation. trans-Resveratrol and hesperetin combination (tRES-HESP) corrected increased MG and glucose metabolism by increasing expression of Glo1 and decreasing expression of HK-2. Increased MG glycation activates the UPR in endothelial cells and thereby may contribute to endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetic vascular disease where tRES-HESP may provide effective therapy.
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Abstract
Significance: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are increasing globally. There is also increasing associated complications, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and vascular complications of diabetes. There is currently no licensed treatment for NAFLD and no recent treatments for diabetic complications. New approaches are required, particularly those addressing mechanism-based risk factors for health decline and disease progression. Recent Advances: Dicarbonyl stress is the abnormal accumulation of reactive dicarbonyl metabolites such as methylglyoxal (MG) leading to cell and tissue dysfunction. It is a potential driver of obesity, diabetes, and related complications that are unaddressed by current treatments. Increased formation of MG is linked to increased glyceroneogenesis and hyperglycemia in obesity and diabetes and also down-regulation of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1)-which provides the main enzymatic detoxification of MG. Glo1 functional genomics studies suggest that increasing Glo1 expression and activity alleviates dicarbonyl stress; slows development of obesity, related insulin resistance; and prevents development of diabetic nephropathy and other microvascular complications of diabetes. A new therapeutic approach constitutes small-molecule inducers of Glo1 expression-Glo1 inducers-exploiting a regulatory antioxidant response element in the GLO1 gene. A prototype Glo1 inducer, trans-resveratrol (tRES)-hesperetin (HESP) combination, in corrected insulin resistance, improved glycemic control and vascular inflammation in healthy overweight and obese subjects in clinical trial. Critical Issues: tRES and HESP synergize pharmacologically, and HESP likely overcomes the low bioavailability of tRES by inhibition of intestinal glucuronosyltransferases. Future Directions: Glo1 inducers may now be evaluated in Phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of NAFLD and vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naila Rabbani
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Paul J Thornalley
- 1 Clinical Sciences Research Laboratories, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, University Hospital , Coventry, United Kingdom .,2 Warwick Systems Biology Centre, Senate House, University of Warwick , Coventry, United Kingdom
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Schlotterer A, Kolibabka M, Lin J, Acunman K, Dietrich N, Sticht C, Fleming T, Nawroth P, Hammes HP. Methylglyoxal induces retinopathy-type lesions in the absence of hyperglycemia: studies in a rat model. FASEB J 2018; 33:4141-4153. [PMID: 30485119 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801146rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether damage to the neurovascular unit in diabetes depends on reactive metabolites such as methylglyoxal (MG), and to assess its impact on retinal gene expression. Male Wistar rats were supplied with MG (50 mM) by drinking water and compared with age-matched streptozotocin-diabetic animals and untreated controls. Retinal damage was evaluated for the accumulation of MG-derived advanced glycation end products, changes in hexosamine and PKC pathway activation, microglial activation, vascular alterations (pericyte loss and vasoregression), neuroretinal function assessed by electroretinogram, and neurodegeneration. Retinal gene regulation was studied by microarray analysis, and transcription factor involvement was identified by upstream regulator analysis. Systemic application of MG by drinking water increased retinal MG to levels comparable with diabetic animals. Elevated retinal MG resulted in MG-derived hydroimidazolone modifications in the ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer, and outer nuclear layer, a moderate activation of the hexosamine pathway, a pan-retinal activation of microglia, loss of pericytes, increased formation of acellular capillaries, decreased function of bipolar cells, and increased expression of the crystallin gene family. MG mimics important aspects of diabetic retinopathy and plays a pathogenic role in microglial activation, vascular damage, and neuroretinal dysfunction. In response to MG, the retina induces expression of neuroprotective crystallins.-Schlotterer, A., Kolibabka, M., Lin, J., Acunman, K., Dietrich, N., Sticht, C., Fleming, T., Nawroth, P., Hammes, H.-P. Methylglyoxal induces retinopathy-type lesions in the absence of hyperglycemia: studies in a rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schlotterer
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kolibabka
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jihong Lin
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kübra Acunman
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Dietrich
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Research Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Nawroth
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- Fifth Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mey JT, Haus JM. Dicarbonyl Stress and Glyoxalase-1 in Skeletal Muscle: Implications for Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:117. [PMID: 30250846 PMCID: PMC6139330 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glyoxalase-1 (GLO1) is a ubiquitously expressed cytosolic protein which plays a role in the natural maintenance of cellular health and is abundantly expressed in human skeletal muscle. A consequence of reduced GLO1 protein expression is cellular dicarbonyl stress, which is elevated in obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Both in vitro and pre-clinical models suggest dicarbonyl stress per se induces insulin resistance and is prevented by GLO1 overexpression, implicating a potential role for GLO1 therapy in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recent work has identified the therapeutic potential of novel natural agents as a GLO1 inducer, which resulted in improved whole-body metabolism in obese adults. Given skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole-body glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism, such GLO1 inducers may act, in part, through mechanisms in skeletal muscle. Currently, investigations examining the specificity of dicarbonyl stress and GLO1 biology in human skeletal muscle are lacking. Recent work from our lab indicates that dysregulation of GLO1 in skeletal muscle may underlie human insulin resistance and that exercise training may impart therapeutic benefits. This minireview will summarize the existing human literature examining skeletal muscle GLO1 and highlight the emerging therapeutic concepts for GLO1 gain-of-function in conditions such as insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Mey
- Department of Pathobiology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jacob M Haus
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Bejarano E, Taylor A. Too sweet: Problems of protein glycation in the eye. Exp Eye Res 2018; 178:255-262. [PMID: 30145354 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory and epidemiological data indicate that high blood sugar levels and/or consuming high glycemia diets are linked to multiple age-related diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, cataract, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetic retinopathy, and, apparently glaucoma. High concentrations of blood sugar and perturbations of the systems that regulate blood sugar lead to the accumulation of advanced-glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are toxic compounds that are formed from the combination of sugars and their metabolites with biomolecules in a non-enzymatic biochemical reaction called glycation. In vitro and in vivo data indicate that high sugar consumption is associated with accumulation of AGEs in a variety of human tissues. Hyperglycemia, along with an oxidative environment and limited cell proliferation in many ocular tissues, encourages formation and precludes dilution of AGEs and associated damage by cell division. These circumstances make many eye tissues vulnerable to glycation-derived damage. Here, we summarize research regarding glycation-induced ocular tissue dysfunction and its contribution to the onset and development of eye disorders. We also discuss how management of carbohydrate nutrition may provide a low-cost way to ameliorate the progression of AGEs-related diseases, including age related macular degeneration and some cataracts, as they do for cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Bejarano
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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Yang L, Li X, Wu Z, Feng C, Zhang T, Dai S, Dong Q. Inhibition of Methylglyoxal-Induced Histone H1 N ε-Carboxymethyllysine Formation by (+)-Catechin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:5812-5820. [PMID: 29758984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Reactive dicarbonyl species (RCS) such as methylglyoxal (MGO) and glyoxal (GO) are common intermediates in protein damage, leading to the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through nonenzymatic glycation. (+)-Catechin, a natural plant extract from tea, has been evaluated for its ability in trapping GO and MGO. However, (+)-catechin is also reported to have both antioxidant ability and pro-oxidant properties. Until now, whether (+)-catechin can inhibit the formation of nonenzymatic glycation and the mechanism of the inhibition in nucleoprotein nonenzymatic glycation is still unclear. In the present study, histone H1 and MGO were used to establish an in vitro (100 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS), pH 7.4, 37 °C) protein glycation model to study the trapping ability of (+)-catechin. Our data show that MGO caused dose-dependent protein damage, and the content of MGO-induced Schiff base formation was inhibited by (+)-catechin when the molecular ratio of catechin:MGO was 1:6. The formation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML) was reduced significantly when the ratio of (+)-catechin and MGO was 1:1, which was similar to the inhibition effect of aminoguanidine (AG). The formation of CML under in vitro conditions can be inhibited by low concentration (12.5-100 μM) of (+)-catechin but not with high concentration (200-800 μM) of (+)-catechin. The reason is that the high concentration of (+)-catechin did not inhibit CML formations due to H2O2 produced by (+)-catechin. In the presence of catalase, catechin can inhibit MGO-induced CML formation. In conclusion, the trapping ability of (+)-catechin may be more effective at the early stage of nonenzymatic glycation. However, a high concentration (200-800 μM) of (+)-catechin may not inhibit the formation of CML because it induced the increase of H2O2 formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cuixia Feng
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine , Northwest A&F University , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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49
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Rasul A, Rashid A, Waheed P, Khan SA. Expression analysis of glyoxalase I gene among patients of diabetic retinopathy. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:139-143. [PMID: 29643895 PMCID: PMC5856999 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.341.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study expression of glyoxalase I in patients of diabetic
retinopathy. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Centre for Research in
Experimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Department of Biochemistry and
Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with Armed
Forces Institute of Ophthalmology (AFIO) from January 2015 to November 2015.
Sampling technique was non- probability purposive sampling. Total 60 subjects were
enrolled in two groups. Group-I comprised 30 patients of diabetic retinopathy and
Group-II of 30 normal healthy controls. Clinical and demographic data was
collected and fasting venous blood samples (2 ml) were drawn. RNA was extracted
and subjected to cDNA synthesis. Expression analysis for glyoxalase
I was carried out and relative quantification done by double delta Ct
method. Results: Mean age of the patients was 61.30 ±7.06 years and mean age of controls was
59.60 ± 6.43 years. There were 17 (56.7%) males and 13
(43.3%) females in Group-I while Group-II comprised 14 (46.7%) males
and 16 (53.3%) females. There was down regulation of glyoxalase
I among patients of diabetic retinopathy in comparison with controls
when relative gene expression was calculated. Conclusion: Down regulation of glyoxalase I in patients of diabetic
retinopathy suggests it to be a contributory factor in the development of
disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Rasul
- Dr. Aneela Rasul, M Phil. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amir Rashid
- Dr. Amir Rashid, PhD. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Palvasha Waheed
- Dr. Palvasha Waheed, PhD. Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saleem Ahmed Khan
- Dr. Saleem Ahmed Khan, FCPS, PhD. Department of Pathology, Army Medical College, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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50
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Hammes HP. Diabetic retinopathy: hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and beyond. Diabetologia 2018; 61:29-38. [PMID: 28942458 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy remains a relevant clinical problem. In parallel with diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, the role of glycaemia and reactive metabolites causing cell stress and biochemical abnormalities as treatment targets needs continuous re-evaluation. Furthermore, the basic mechanisms of physiological angiogenesis, remodelling and pruning give important clues about the origins of vasoregression during the very early stages of diabetic retinopathy and can be modelled in animals. This review summarises evidence supporting a role for the neurovascular unit-composed of neuronal, glial and vascular cells-as a responder to the biochemical changes imposed by reactive metabolites and high glucose. Normoglycaemic animal models developing retinal degeneration, provide valuable information about common pathways downstream of progressive neuronal damage that induce vasoregression, as in diabetic models. These models can serve to assess novel treatments addressing the entire neurovascular unit for the benefit of early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5. Med. Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167, Mannheim, Germany.
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