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Xie Y, Yuan Q, Tang B, Xie Y, Cao Y, Qiu Y, Zeng J, Wang Z, Su H, Zhang C. CPT1A Protects Podocytes From Lipotoxicity and Apoptosis In Vitro and Alleviates Diabetic Nephropathy In Vivo. Diabetes 2024; 73:879-895. [PMID: 38506804 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Defective fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has been implicated in diabetic kidney disease (DKD), yet little is known about the role of carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1A (CPT1A), a pivotal rate-limiting enzyme of FAO, in the progression of DKD. Here, we investigate whether CPT1A is a reliable therapeutic target for DKD. We first confirmed the downregulation expression of CPT1A in glomeruli from patients with diabetes. We further evaluated the function of CPT1A in diabetic models. Overexpression of CPT1A exhibited protective effects in diabetic conditions, improving albuminuria and glomerular sclerosis as well as mitigating glomerular lipid deposits and podocyte injury in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Mechanistically, CPT1A not only fostered lipid consumption via fatty acid metabolism pathways, thereby reducing lipotoxicity, but also anchored Bcl2 to the mitochondrial membrane, thence preventing cytochrome C release and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic process. Furthermore, a novel transcription factor of CPT1A, FOXA1, was identified. We elucidate the crucial role of CPT1A in mitigating podocyte injury and the progression of DKD, indicating that targeting CPT1A may be a promising avenue for DKD treatment. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jieyu Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Zuo FW, Liu ZY, Wang MW, Du JY, Ding PZ, Zhang HR, Tang W, Sun Y, Wang XJ, Zhang Y, Xie YS, Wu JC, Liu M, Wang ZY, Yi F. CCDC92 promotes podocyte injury by regulating PA28α/ABCA1/cholesterol efflux axis in type 2 diabetic mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:1019-1031. [PMID: 38228909 PMCID: PMC11053164 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01213-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte lipotoxicity mediated by impaired cellular cholesterol efflux plays a crucial role in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and the identification of potential therapeutic targets that regulate podocyte cholesterol homeostasis has clinical significance. Coiled-coil domain containing 92 (CCDC92) is a novel molecule related to metabolic disorders and insulin resistance. However, whether the expression level of CCDC92 is changed in kidney parenchymal cells and the role of CCDC92 in podocytes remain unclear. In this study, we found that Ccdc92 was significantly induced in glomeruli from type 2 diabetic mice, especially in podocytes. Importantly, upregulation of Ccdc92 in glomeruli was positively correlated with an increased urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) and podocyte loss. Functionally, podocyte-specific deletion of Ccdc92 attenuated proteinuria, glomerular expansion and podocyte injury in mice with DKD. We further demonstrated that Ccdc92 contributed to lipid accumulation by inhibiting cholesterol efflux, finally promoting podocyte injury. Mechanistically, Ccdc92 promoted the degradation of ABCA1 by regulating PA28α-mediated proteasome activity and then reduced cholesterol efflux. Thus, our studies indicate that Ccdc92 contributes to podocyte injury by regulating the PA28α/ABCA1/cholesterol efflux axis in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Wen Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Jun-Yao Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Peng-Zhong Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yu-Sheng Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ji-Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zi-Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Zhang J, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang R, Wang Y, Liu F. ABCA1 deficiency-mediated glomerular cholesterol accumulation exacerbates glomerular endothelial injury and dysfunction in diabetic kidney disease. Metabolism 2023; 139:155377. [PMID: 36521550 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are two major characteristics of diabetes. In this study, the effects of glomerular cholesterol accumulation primarily due to ABCA1 deficiency on glomerular endothelial injury in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and the possible mechanisms were investigated. METHODS The effects of ABCA1 deficiency on glomerular lipid deposition and kidney injury were examined in a type 2 diabetic mouse model with ABCA1 deficiency in glomerular endothelial cells (DM-ABCA1-/- mice) and human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) cultured in high glucose and high cholesterol conditions, which simulated type 2 diabetes in vitro. RESULTS ABCA1 deficiency in glomerular endothelial cells exacerbated renal lipid deposition and kidney injuries in type 2 diabetic mice and manifested as increased creatinine levels, more severe proteinuria, mesangial matrix expansion and fusion of foot processes, and more pronounced renal inflammatory injury and cell death. In HRGECs cultured under high glucose and high cholesterol conditions, ABCA1 deficiency increased the deposition of cellular cholesterol, contributed to inflammation and apoptosis, damaged the endothelial glycocalyx barrier, and induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Conversely, ABCA1 overexpression enhancing cholesterol efflux or inhibition of ERS in vitro, significantly protected against glomerular endothelial injury stimulated by high glucose and high cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS These findings establish a pathogenic role of ABCA1 deficiency in glomerular endothelium injury and dysfunction and imply that ABCA1 may represent a potential effective therapeutic target for early diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Ministry of Health, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Division of Nephrology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China; Laboratory of Diabetic Kidney Disease, Centre of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Nanodisc delivery of liver X receptor agonist for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. J Control Release 2022; 348:1016-1027. [PMID: 35750132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is recognized to be an important contributor to the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN), leading to lipoprotein dysregulation, excessive mesangium expansion as well as inflammation in the glomeruli. Thus, dual targeting of abnormal cholesterol metabolism and inflammatory responses of mesangial cells represents an alternative approach for DN treatment. Herein, we sought to develop a renal-targeting therapeutic strategy for diabetic nephropathy by modifying synthetic high-density lipoprotein (sHDL) nanodiscs with a kidney targeting ligand (KT peptide) and encapsulating a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist in the modified sHDL. LXR agonists delivered by sHDL can facilitate the removal of excessive lipids from mesangial cells, ameliorate inflammation and restore normal renal function. Overall, our data suggests that our optimized KT-targeted sHDL/TO nanodiscs (KT-sHDL/TO) generate potent therapeutic efficacy not only by more efficient cholesterol efflux, but also by suppressing mesangial cell proliferation. Most importantly, in a DN murine model, KT-sHDL/TO ameliorated dyslipidemia and inflammation superior to blank sHDL and non-targeting sHDL/TO formulations, showing promise for future clinical translation in DN treatment.
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Wen Y, Rashid F, Fazal Z, Singh R, Spinella MJ, Irudayaraj J. Nephrotoxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)-effect on transcription and epigenetic factors. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2022; 8:dvac010. [PMID: 35633893 PMCID: PMC9134076 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a widespread persistent environmental pollutant implicated in nephrotoxicity with altered metabolism, carcinogenesis, and fibrosis potential. We studied the underlying epigenetic mechanism involving transcription factors of PFOS-induced kidney injury. A 14-day orally dosed mouse model was chosen to study acute influences in vivo. Messenger RNA expression analysis and gene set enrichment analysis were performed to elucidate the relationship between epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, kidney disease, and metabolism homeostasis. PFOS was found to accumulate in mouse kidney in a dose-dependent manner. Kidney injury markers Acta2 and Bcl2l1 increased in expression significantly. Transcription factors, including Nef2l2, Hes1, Ppara, and Ppard, were upregulated, while Smarca2 and Pparg were downregulated. Furthermore, global DNA methylation levels decreased and the gene expression of histone demethylases Kdm1a and Kdm4c were upregulated. Our work implicates PFOS-induced gene expression alterations in epigenetics, transcription factors, and kidney biomarkers with potential implications for kidney fibrosis and kidney carcinogenesis. Future experiments can focus on epigenetic mechanisms to establish a panel of PFOS-induced biomarkers for nephrotoxicity evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zeeshan Fazal
- Biomedical Research Center, Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ratnakar Singh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Michael J Spinella
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, 405 N Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- *Correspondence address. Biomedical Research Center, 3rd Floor Mills Breast Cancer Institute, Carle Foundation Hospital, 509 W University Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Tel: (+217) 300-0525; E-mail:
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6
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Luan ZL, Zhang C, Ming WH, Huang YZ, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Nuclear receptors in renal health and disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103855. [PMID: 35123268 PMCID: PMC8819107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major social and economic burden for the healthcare system, kidney diseases contribute to the constant increase of worldwide deaths. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the etiology, development and progression of kidney diseases may help to identify potential therapeutic targets. As a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) are critical for the maintenance of normal renal function and their dysfunction is associated with a variety of kidney diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that ligands for NRs protect patients from renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), renal fibrosis and kidney cancers. In the past decade, some breakthroughs have been made for the translation of NR ligands into clinical use. This review summarizes the current understanding of several important NRs in renal physiology and pathophysiology and discusses recent findings and applications of NR ligands in the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wen-Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Huang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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7
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Sun Y, Cui S, Hou Y, Yi F. The Updates of Podocyte Lipid Metabolism in Proteinuric Kidney Disease. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 7:438-451. [PMID: 34901191 DOI: 10.1159/000518132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocytes, functionally specialized and terminally differentiated glomerular visceral epithelial cells, are critical for maintaining the structure and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Podocyte injury is considered as the most important early event contributing to proteinuric kidney diseases such as obesity-related renal disease, diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, membranous nephropathy, and minimal change disease. Although considerable advances have been made in the understanding of mechanisms that trigger podocyte injury, cell-specific and effective treatments are not clinically available. SUMMARY Emerging evidence has indicated that the disorder of podocyte lipid metabolism is closely associated with various proteinuric kidney diseases. Excessive lipid accumulation in podocytes leads to cellular dysfunction which is defined as lipotoxicity, a phenomenon characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, insulin resistance, and inflammatory response that can eventually result in podocyte hypertrophy, detachment, and death. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of lipids in podocyte biological function and the regulatory mechanisms leading to podocyte lipid accumulation in proteinuric kidney disease. KEY MESSAGES Targeting podocyte lipid metabolism may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Sijia Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Use of Lipid-Modifying Agents for the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11080820. [PMID: 34442464 PMCID: PMC8401447 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11080820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although dyslipidemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is more common in nephrotic syndrome (NS), and guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia in NS are largely opinion-based. In addition to the role of circulating lipids, an increasing number of studies suggest that intrarenal lipids contribute to the progression of glomerular diseases, indicating that proteinuric kidney diseases may be a form of "fatty kidney disease" and that reducing intracellular lipids could represent a new therapeutic approach to slow the progression of CKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in the utilization of lipid-modifying agents to lower renal parenchymal lipid accumulation and to prevent or reduce kidney injury. The agents mentioned in this review are categorized according to their specific targets, but they may also regulate other lipid-relevant pathways.
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Wright MB, Varona Santos J, Kemmer C, Maugeais C, Carralot JP, Roever S, Molina J, Ducasa GM, Mitrofanova A, Sloan A, Ahmad A, Pedigo C, Ge M, Pressly J, Barisoni L, Mendez A, Sgrignani J, Cavalli A, Merscher S, Prunotto M, Fornoni A. Compounds targeting OSBPL7 increase ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux preserving kidney function in two models of kidney disease. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4662. [PMID: 34341345 PMCID: PMC8329197 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired cellular cholesterol efflux is a key factor in the progression of renal, cardiovascular, and autoimmune diseases. Here we describe a class of 5-arylnicotinamide compounds, identified through phenotypic drug discovery, that upregulate ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux by targeting Oxysterol Binding Protein Like 7 (OSBPL7). OSBPL7 was identified as the molecular target of these compounds through a chemical biology approach, employing a photoactivatable 5-arylnicotinamide derivative in a cellular cross-linking/immunoprecipitation assay. Further evaluation of two compounds (Cpd A and Cpd G) showed that they induced ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux from podocytes in vitro and normalized proteinuria and prevented renal function decline in mouse models of proteinuric kidney disease: Adriamycin-induced nephropathy and Alport Syndrome. In conclusion, we show that small molecule drugs targeting OSBPL7 reveal an alternative mechanism to upregulate ABCA1, and may represent a promising new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of renal diseases and other disorders of cellular cholesterol homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew B Wright
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christian Kemmer
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cyrille Maugeais
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Philippe Carralot
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Roever
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anis Ahmad
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Christopher Pedigo
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Pressly
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laura Barisoni
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Armando Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Marco Prunotto
- Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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Sharma I, Liao Y, Zheng X, Kanwar YS. New Pandemic: Obesity and Associated Nephropathy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:673556. [PMID: 34268323 PMCID: PMC8275856 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.673556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Incidence of obesity related renal disorders have increased 10-folds in recent years. One of the consequences of obesity is an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that leads to the enlargement of the renal glomerulus, i.e., glomerulomegaly. This heightened hyper-filtration in the setting of type 2 diabetes irreparably damages the kidney and leads to progression of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The patients suffering from type 2 diabetes have progressive proteinuria, and eventually one third of them develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ESRD. For ameliorating the progression of CKD, inhibitors of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) seemed to be effective, but on a short-term basis only. Long term and stable treatment strategies like weight loss via restricted or hypo-caloric diet or bariatric surgery have yielded better promising results in terms of amelioration of proteinuria and maintenance of normal GFR. Body mass index (BMI) is considered as a traditional marker for the onset of obesity, but apparently, it is not a reliable indicator, and thus there is a need for more precise evaluation of regional fat distribution and amount of muscle mass. With respect to the pathogenesis, recent investigations have suggested perturbation in fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism as the critical mediators in ectopic renal lipid accumulation associated with inflammation, increased generation of ROS, RAAS activation and consequential tubulo-interstitial injury. This review summarizes the renewed approaches for the obesity assessment and evaluation of the pathogenesis of CKD, altered renal hemodynamics and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Sharma
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingjun Liao
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Zheng
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Sheng G, Yuan H, Jin L, Ranjit S, Panov J, Lu X, Levi M, Glazer RI. Reduction of fibrosis and immune suppressive cells in ErbB2-dependent tumorigenesis by an LXR agonist. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248996. [PMID: 33780491 PMCID: PMC8007044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the central challenges for cancer therapy is the identification of factors in the tumor microenvironment that increase tumor progression and prevent immune surveillance. One such element associated with breast cancer is stromal fibrosis, a histopathologic criterion for invasive cancer and poor survival. Fibrosis is caused by inflammatory factors and remodeling of the extracellular matrix that elicit an immune tolerant microenvironment. To address the role of fibrosis in tumorigenesis, we developed NeuT/ATTAC transgenic mice expressing a constitutively active NeuT/erbB2 transgene, and an inducible, fat-directed caspase-8 fusion protein, which upon activation results in selective and partial ablation of mammary fat and its replacement with fibrotic tissue. Induction of fibrosis in NeuT/ATTAC mice led to more rapid tumor development and an inflammatory and fibrotic stromal environment. In an effort to explore therapeutic options that could reduce fibrosis and immune tolerance, mice were treated with the oxysterol liver X receptor (LXR) pan agonist, N,N-dimethyl-3-β-hydroxy-cholenamide (DMHCA), an agent known to reduce fibrosis in non-malignant diseases. DMHCA reduced tumor progression, tumor multiplicity and fibrosis, and improved immune surveillance by reducing infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells and increasing CD4 and CD8 effector T cells. These effects were associated with downregulation of an LXR-dependent gene network related to reduced breast cancer survival that included Spp1, S100a9, Anxa1, Mfge8 and Cd14. These findings suggest that the use of DMHCA may be a potentially effective approach to reduce desmoplasia and immune tolerance and increase the efficacy of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Sheng
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Breast, Women’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyan Yuan
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lu Jin
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Julia Panov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Xun Lu
- George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Robert I. Glazer
- Department of Oncology and Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mahmoud NM, Gomaa RS, Salem AE. Activation of liver X receptors ameliorates alterations in testicular function in rats exposed to electromagnetic radiation. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1884333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Randa Salah Gomaa
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amal Elsayd Salem
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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13
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Cansby E, Caputo M, Gao L, Kulkarni NM, Nerstedt A, Ståhlman M, Borén J, Porosk R, Soomets U, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Marschall HU, Nyström J, Howell BW, Mahlapuu M. Depletion of protein kinase STK25 ameliorates renal lipotoxicity and protects against diabetic kidney disease. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140483. [PMID: 33170807 PMCID: PMC7819747 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of severe renal disease worldwide and the single strongest predictor of mortality in diabetes patients. Kidney steatosis has emerged as a critical trigger in the pathogenesis of DKD; however, the molecular mechanism of renal lipotoxicity remains largely unknown. Our recent studies in genetic mouse models, human cell lines, and well-characterized patient cohorts have identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic lipid storage in several metabolic organs prone to diabetic damage. Here, we demonstrate that overexpression of STK25 aggravates renal lipid accumulation and exacerbates structural and functional kidney injury in a mouse model of DKD. Reciprocally, inhibiting STK25 signaling in mice ameliorates diet-induced renal steatosis and alleviates the development of DKD-associated pathologies. Furthermore, we find that STK25 silencing in human kidney cells protects against lipid deposition, as well as oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, our results suggest that STK25 regulates a critical node governing susceptibility to renal lipotoxicity and that STK25 antagonism could mitigate DKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mara Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology and
| | | | | | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rando Porosk
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ursel Soomets
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and.,Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Theme Inflammation and Infection, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine/Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg and Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenny Nyström
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Brian W Howell
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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14
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Fu Y, Sun Y, Wang M, Hou Y, Huang W, Zhou D, Wang Z, Yang S, Tang W, Zhen J, Li Y, Wang X, Liu M, Zhang Y, Wang B, Liu G, Yu X, Sun J, Zhang C, Yi F. Elevation of JAML Promotes Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating Podocyte Lipid Metabolism. Cell Metab 2020; 32:1052-1062.e8. [PMID: 33186558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid accumulation in podocytes is a major determinant of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and identification of potential therapeutic targets by mediating podocyte lipid metabolism has clinical importance. This study was to elucidate the role of JAML (junctional adhesion molecule-like protein) in the pathogenesis of DKD. We first confirmed the expression of JAML in podocytes and found that podocyte-specific deletion of Jaml ameliorated podocyte injury and proteinuria in two different models of diabetic mice. We further demonstrated a novel role of JAML in regulating podocyte lipid metabolism through SIRT1-mediated SREBP1 signaling. Similar results were also found in mice with adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Importantly, we observed a higher expression of JAML in glomeruli from subjects with DKD and other types of proteinuric kidney diseases, and the level of JAML was correlated with lipid accumulation and glomerular filtration rate, suggesting that JAML may be an attractive therapeutic target for proteinuric kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mei Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Di Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yujia Li
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Baobao Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012 China
| | - Jinpeng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Fan Yi
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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15
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Libby AE, Jones B, Lopez-Santiago I, Rowland E, Levi M. Nuclear receptors in the kidney during health and disease. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100935. [PMID: 33272705 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the last 30 years, nuclear receptors (NRs) have been increasingly recognized as key modulators of systemic homeostasis and as contributing factors in many diseases. In the kidney, NRs play numerous important roles in maintaining homeostasis-many of which continue to be unraveled. As "master regulators", these important transcription factors integrate and coordinate many renal processes such as circadian responses, lipid metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, glucose handling, and inflammatory responses. The use of recently-developed genetic tools and small molecule modulators have allowed for detailed studies of how renal NRs contribute to kidney homeostasis. Importantly, while NRs are intimately involved in proper kidney function, they are also implicated in a variety of renal diseases such as diabetes, acute kidney injury, and other conditions such as aging. In the last 10 years, our understanding of renal disease etiology and progression has been greatly shaped by knowledge regarding how NRs are dysregulated in these conditions. Importantly, NRs have also become attractive therapeutic targets for attenuation of renal diseases, and their modulation for this purpose has been the subject of intense investigation. Here, we review the role in health and disease of six key renal NRs including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), estrogen-related receptors (ERR), the farnesoid X receptors (FXR), estrogen receptors (ER), liver X receptors (LXR), and vitamin D receptors (VDR) with an emphasis on recent findings over the last decade. These NRs have generated a wealth of data over the last 10 years that demonstrate their crucial role in maintaining normal renal homeostasis as well as their capacity to modulate disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Bryce Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Isabel Lopez-Santiago
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Emma Rowland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, 3900 Reservoir Rd, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
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16
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Vieira CP, Fortmann SD, Hossain M, Longhini AL, Hammer SS, Asare-Bediako B, Crossman DK, Sielski MS, Adu-Agyeiwaah Y, Dupont M, Floyd JL, Li Calzi S, Lydic T, Welner RS, Blanchard GJ, Busik JV, Grant MB. Selective LXR agonist DMHCA corrects retinal and bone marrow dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137230. [PMID: 32641586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In diabetic dyslipidemia, cholesterol accumulates in the plasma membrane, decreasing fluidity and thereby suppressing the ability of cells to transduce ligand-activated signaling pathways. Liver X receptors (LXRs) make up the main cellular mechanism by which intracellular cholesterol is regulated and play important roles in inflammation and disease pathogenesis. N, N-dimethyl-3β-hydroxy-cholenamide (DMHCA), a selective LXR agonist, specifically activates the cholesterol efflux arm of the LXR pathway without stimulating triglyceride synthesis. In this study, we use a multisystem approach to understand the effects and molecular mechanisms of DMHCA treatment in type 2 diabetic (db/db) mice and human circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), which are hematopoietic progenitor cells with vascular reparative capacity. We found that DMHCA is sufficient to correct retinal and BM dysfunction in diabetes, thereby restoring retinal structure, function, and cholesterol homeostasis; rejuvenating membrane fluidity in CACs; hampering systemic inflammation; and correcting BM pathology. Using single-cell RNA sequencing on lineage-sca1+c-Kit+ (LSK) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from untreated and DMHCA-treated diabetic mice, we provide potentially novel insights into hematopoiesis and reveal DMHCA's mechanism of action in correcting diabetic HSCs by reducing myeloidosis and increasing CACs and erythrocyte progenitors. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of DMHCA treatment on diabetes-induced retinal and BM pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth D Fortmann
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences and.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra S Hammer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Todd Lydic
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Core, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Robert S Welner
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gary J Blanchard
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Pu S, Wu X, Yang X, Zhang Y, Dai Y, Zhang Y, Wu X, Liu Y, Cui X, Jin H, Cao J, Li R, Cai J, Cao Q, Hu L, Gao Y. The Therapeutic Role of Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptors Against Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Drug Metab 2019; 20:15-22. [PMID: 29886826 DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180611083155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes, with an increased prevalence and various progressive complications, has become a significant global health challenge. The concrete mechanisms responsible for the development of diabetes still remain incompletely unknown, although substantial researches have been conducted to search for the effective therapeutic targets. This review aims to reveal the novel roles of Xenobiotic Nuclear Receptors (XNRs), including the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR), the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR), the Liver X Receptor (LXR), the Pregnane X Receptor (PXR) and the Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR), in the development of diabetes and provide potential strategies for research and treatment of metabolic diseases. METHODS We retrieved a large number of original data about these five XNRs and organized to focus on their recently discovered functions in diabetes and its complications. RESULTS Increasing evidences have suggested that PPAR, FXR, LXR ,PXR and CAR are involved in the development of diabetes and its complications through different mechanisms, including the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin and inflammation response and related others. CONCLUSION PPAR, FXR, LXR, PXR, and CAR, as the receptors for numerous natural or synthetic compounds, may be the most effective therapeutic targets in the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Pu
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoying Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Immunity and Metabolism, Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology and Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yunzhan Zhang
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunkai Dai
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Department of Operating Theatre, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Department of Operating Theatre, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaona Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Cao
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruliu Li
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiazhong Cai
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhi Cao
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Ling Hu
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Gao
- PI-WEI Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Hu J, Yang Q, Chen Z, Liang W, Feng J, Ding G. Small GTPase Arf6 regulates diabetes-induced cholesterol accumulation in podocytes. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:23559-23570. [PMID: 31206670 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte injury is a critical factor for the initiation and progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, the underlying mechanisms of podocyte injury in DKD have not been completely elucidated. Studies suggested that intracellular cholesterol accumulation was correlated with podocyte injury, but the cause of podocyte cholesterol disorders in DKD are still unknown. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) is a small GTPase with pleiotropic effects and has previously been shown to regulate ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 (ABCA1) recycling, and thus, cholesterol homeostasis. However, Arf6 involvement in cholesterol metabolism in podocytes is scarce. To investigate the role of Arf6 in cholesterol modulation in podocytes, the effect of Arf6 on the regulation of the cholesterol transporter ABCA1 was studied in podocytes in vivo and in vitro. Intracellular cholesterol accumulation was significantly increased in podocytes from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and that hyperglycemia downregulated the expression of Arf6. Arf6 knockdown could cause ABCA1 recycling disorders, and thus, further aggravate cholesterol accumulation in podocytes under high-glucose (HG) conditions. Our results demonstrate that HG-induced cholesterol accumulation and cellular injury in podocytes may be related to the recycling disorder of ABCA1 caused by the downexpression of Arf6 in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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19
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McGregor BA, Eid S, Rumora AE, Murdock B, Guo K, de Anda-Jáuregui G, Porter JE, Feldman EL, Hur J. Conserved Transcriptional Signatures in Human and Murine Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17678. [PMID: 30518872 PMCID: PMC6281650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common complications of diabetes. In this study, we employed a systems biology approach to identify DPN-related transcriptional pathways conserved across human and various murine models. Eight microarray datasets on peripheral nerve samples from murine models of type 1 (streptozotocin-treated) and type 2 (db/db and ob/ob) diabetes of various ages and human subjects with non-progressive and progressive DPN were collected. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between non-diabetic and diabetic samples in murine models, and non-progressive and progressive human samples using a unified analysis pipeline. A transcriptional network for each DEG set was constructed based on literature-derived gene-gene interaction information. Seven pairwise human-vs-murine comparisons using a network-comparison program resulted in shared sub-networks including 46 to 396 genes, which were further merged into a single network of 688 genes. Pathway and centrality analyses revealed highly connected genes and pathways including LXR/RXR activation, adipogenesis, glucocorticoid receptor signalling, and multiple cytokine and chemokine pathways. Our systems biology approach identified highly conserved pathways across human and murine models that are likely to play a role in DPN pathogenesis and provide new possible mechanism-based targets for DPN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Stephanie Eid
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Amy E Rumora
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Murdock
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Guillermo de Anda-Jáuregui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - James E Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA
| | - Eva L Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
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20
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El-Darzi N, Astafev A, Mast N, Saadane A, Lam M, Pikuleva IA. N, N-Dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide Reduces Retinal Cholesterol via Partial Inhibition of Retinal Cholesterol Biosynthesis Rather Than its Liver X Receptor Transcriptional Activity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:827. [PMID: 30090064 PMCID: PMC6069453 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N-dimethyl-3β-hydroxycholenamide (DMHCA) is an experimental pharmaceutical and a steroidal liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, which does not induce undesired hepatic lipogenesis. Herein, DMHCA was evaluated for its retinal effects on normal C57BL/6J and Cyp27a1−/−Cyp46a1−/− mice; the latter having higher retinal total and esterified cholesterol in addition to retinal vascular abnormalities. Different doses and two formulations were used for DMHCA delivery either via drinking water (C57BL/6J mice) or by oral gavage (Cyp27a1−/−Cyp46a1−/− mice). The duration of treatment was 1 week for C57BL/6J mice and 2 or 4 weeks for Cyp27a1−/−Cyp46a1−/− mice. In both genotypes, the higher DMHCA doses (37–80 mg/kg of body weight/day) neither increased serum triglycerides nor serum cholesterol but altered the levels of retinal sterols. Total retinal cholesterol was decreased in the DMHCA-treated mice, mainly due to a decrease in retinal unesterified cholesterol. In addition, retinal levels of cholesterol precursors lanosterol, zymosterol, desmosterol, and lathosterol were changed in Cyp27a1−/−Cyp46a1−/− mice. In both genotypes, DMHCA effect on retinal expression of the LXR target genes was only moderate and gender-specific. Collectively, the data obtained provide evidence for a decrease in retinal cholesterol as a result of DMHCA acting in the retina as an enzyme inhibitor of cholesterol biosynthesis rather than a LXR transcriptional activator. Specifically, DMHCA appears to partially inhibit the cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme Δ24-dehydrocholesterol reductase rather than upregulate the expression of LXR target genes involved in reverse cholesterol transport. The identified DMHCA dosages, formulations, and routes of delivery as well as the observed effects on the retina should be considered in future studies using DMHCA as a potential therapeutic for age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole El-Darzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Artem Astafev
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Aicha Saadane
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Morrie Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
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21
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CD36 in chronic kidney disease: novel insights and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13:769-781. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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McCarty MF. Supplementation with Phycocyanobilin, Citrulline, Taurine, and Supranutritional Doses of Folic Acid and Biotin-Potential for Preventing or Slowing the Progression of Diabetic Complications. Healthcare (Basel) 2017; 5:E15. [PMID: 28335416 PMCID: PMC5371921 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare5010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, the resulting uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, are key mediators of the vascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Much of this oxidative stress arises from up-regulated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. Phycocyanobilin (PhyCB), the light-harvesting chromophore in edible cyanobacteria such as spirulina, is a biliverdin derivative that shares the ability of free bilirubin to inhibit certain isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Epidemiological studies reveal that diabetics with relatively elevated serum bilirubin are less likely to develop coronary disease or microvascular complications; this may reflect the ability of bilirubin to ward off these complications via inhibition of NADPH oxidase. Oral PhyCB may likewise have potential in this regard, and has been shown to protect diabetic mice from glomerulosclerosis. With respect to oxidant-mediated uncoupling of eNOS, high-dose folate can help to reverse this by modulating the oxidation status of the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Oxidation of BH4 yields dihydrobiopterin (BH2), which competes with BH4 for binding to eNOS and promotes its uncoupling. The reduced intracellular metabolites of folate have versatile oxidant-scavenging activity that can prevent oxidation of BH4; concurrently, these metabolites promote induction of dihydrofolate reductase, which functions to reconvert BH2 to BH4, and hence alleviate the uncoupling of eNOS. The arginine metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), typically elevated in diabetics, also uncouples eNOS by competitively inhibiting binding of arginine to eNOS; this effect is exacerbated by the increased expression of arginase that accompanies diabetes. These effects can be countered via supplementation with citrulline, which efficiently enhances tissue levels of arginine. With respect to the loss of NO bioactivity that contributes to diabetic complications, high dose biotin has the potential to "pinch hit" for diminished NO by direct activation of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC). High-dose biotin also may aid glycemic control via modulatory effects on enzyme induction in hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Taurine, which suppresses diabetic complications in rodents, has the potential to reverse the inactivating impact of oxidative stress on sGC by boosting synthesis of hydrogen sulfide. Hence, it is proposed that concurrent administration of PhyCB, citrulline, taurine, and supranutritional doses of folate and biotin may have considerable potential for prevention and control of diabetic complications. Such a regimen could also be complemented with antioxidants such as lipoic acid, N-acetylcysteine, and melatonin-that boost cellular expression of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-as well as astaxanthin, zinc, and glycine. The development of appropriate functional foods might make it feasible for patients to use complex nutraceutical regimens of the sort suggested here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA 92009, USA.
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23
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Falkevall A, Mehlem A, Palombo I, Heller Sahlgren B, Ebarasi L, He L, Ytterberg AJ, Olauson H, Axelsson J, Sundelin B, Patrakka J, Scotney P, Nash A, Eriksson U. Reducing VEGF-B Signaling Ameliorates Renal Lipotoxicity and Protects against Diabetic Kidney Disease. Cell Metab 2017; 25:713-726. [PMID: 28190774 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the most common cause of severe renal disease, and few treatment options are available today that prevent the progressive loss of renal function. DKD is characterized by altered glomerular filtration and proteinuria. A common observation in DKD is the presence of renal steatosis, but the mechanism(s) underlying this observation and to what extent they contribute to disease progression are unknown. Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGF-B) controls muscle lipid accumulation through regulation of endothelial fatty acid transport. Here, we demonstrate in experimental mouse models of DKD that renal VEGF-B expression correlates with the severity of disease. Inhibiting VEGF-B signaling in DKD mouse models reduces renal lipotoxicity, re-sensitizes podocytes to insulin signaling, inhibits the development of DKD-associated pathologies, and prevents renal dysfunction. Further, we show that elevated VEGF-B levels are found in patients with DKD, suggesting that VEGF-B antagonism represents a novel approach to treat DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie Falkevall
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annika Mehlem
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Isolde Palombo
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Heller Sahlgren
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lwaki Ebarasi
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Liqun He
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Jimmy Ytterberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannes Olauson
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonas Axelsson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Apheresis and Stem Cell Handling, Karolinska University Hospital, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Sundelin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Patrakka
- KI/AZ Integrated CardioMetabolic Center (ICMC), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 57 Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Eriksson
- Division of Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Song J, Wang Y, Liu C, Huang Y, He L, Cai X, Lu J, Liu Y, Wang D. Cordyceps militaris fruit body extract ameliorates membranous glomerulonephritis by attenuating oxidative stress and renal inflammation via the NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2016; 7:2006-15. [PMID: 27008597 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01017a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) is a common pathogenesis of nephritic syndrome in adult patients. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) serves as the main transcription factor for the inflammatory response mediated nephropathy. Cordyceps militaris, containing various pharmacological components, has been used as a kind of crude drug and folk tonic food for improving immunity and reducing inflammation. The current study aims to investigate the renoprotective activity of Cordyceps militaris aqueous extract (CM) in the cationic bovine serum albumin (C-BSA)-induced rat model of membranous glomerulonephritis. Significant renal dysfunction was observed in MGN rats; comparatively, 4-week CM administration strongly decreased the levels of 24 h urine protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and increased the levels of serum albumin and total serum protein. Strikingly, recovery of the kidney histological architecture was noted in CM-treated MGN rats. A significant improvement in the glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels, and a reduced malondialdehyde concentration were observed in the serum and kidney of CM-treated rats. Altered levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukins, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, vascular adhesion molecule 1, tumor necrosis factor-α, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α, and nuclear transcriptional factor subunit NF-κB p65 reverted to normal levels upon treatment with CM. The present data suggest that CM protects rats against membranous glomerulonephritis via the normalization of NF-κB activity, thereby inhibiting oxidative damage and reducing inflammatory cytokine levels, which further provide experimental evidence in support of the clinical use of CM as an effective renoprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yingwu Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Chungang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Huang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Liying He
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Xueying Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiahui Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Di Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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25
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Zheng B, Chen L, Gonzalez FJ. ISN Forefronts Symposium 2015: Nuclear Receptors and Diabetic Nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep 2016; 1:177-188. [PMID: 28932823 PMCID: PMC5601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the major reason for end stage renal disease in the western world. Patients with DN developed more severe cardiovascular complications with worse prognosis. In spite of tight blood pressure and glucose control through applying angiotensin II receptor antagonism, angiotensin receptor inhibitors and even direct renin inhibitors, the progression and development of DN has continued to accelerate. Nuclear receptors are, with few exceptions, ligand-depended transcription factors some of which modulate genes involved in the transportation and metabolism of carbohydrate or lipid, and inflammation. Considering the diverse biological functions of nuclear receptors, efforts have been made to explore their contributions to the pathogenesis of DN and potential therapeutic strategies. This review is mainly focused on the association between various nuclear receptors and the pathogenesis of DN, the potential beneficial effects of targeting these receptors for preventing the progress of DN, and the important role that nuclear receptors may play in future therapeutic strategies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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26
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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:453-71. [PMID: 27263398 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy is increasing in parallel with the worldwide obesity epidemic. Glomerular hypertrophy and adaptive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis define the condition pathologically. The glomerulus enlarges in response to obesity-induced increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and tubular sodium reabsorption. Normal insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR signalling are critical for podocyte hypertrophy and adaptation. Adipokines and ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney promote insulin resistance of podocytes and maladaptive responses to cope with the mechanical forces of renal hyperfiltration. Although most patients have stable or slowly progressive proteinuria, up to one-third develop progressive renal failure and end-stage renal disease. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade is effective in the short-term but weight loss by hypocaloric diet or bariatric surgery has induced more consistent and dramatic antiproteinuric effects and reversal of hyperfiltration. Altered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism are increasingly recognized as key mediators of renal lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Newer therapies directed to lipid metabolism, including SREBP antagonists, PPARα agonists, FXR and TGR5 agonists, and LXR agonists, hold therapeutic promise.
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27
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Cannon MV, Silljé HHW, Sijbesma JWA, Khan MAF, Steffensen KR, van Gilst WH, de Boer RA. LXRα improves myocardial glucose tolerance and reduces cardiac hypertrophy in a mouse model of obesity-induced type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:634-43. [PMID: 26684450 PMCID: PMC4742491 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a myocardial disease triggered by impaired insulin signalling, increased fatty acid uptake and diminished glucose utilisation. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are key transcriptional regulators of metabolic homeostasis. However, their effect in the diabetic heart is largely unknown. METHODS We cloned murine Lxrα (also known as Nr1h3) behind the α-myosin heavy chain (αMhc; also known as Myh6) promoter to create transgenic (Lxrα-Tg) mice and transgene-negative littermates (wild-type [WT]). A mouse model of type 2 diabetes was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy from fat) over 16 weeks and compared with a low-fat diet (10% energy from fat). A mouse model of type 1 diabetes was induced via streptozotocin injection over 12 weeks. RESULTS HFD manifested comparable increases in body weight, plasma triacylglycerol and insulin resistance per OGTT in Lxrα-Tg and WT mice. HFD significantly increased left ventricular weight by 21% in WT hearts, but only by 5% in Lxrα-Tg. To elucidate metabolic effects in the heart, microPET (positron emission tomography) imaging revealed that cardiac glucose uptake was increased by 1.4-fold in WT mice on an HFD, but further augmented by 1.7-fold in Lxrα-Tg hearts, in part through 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and restoration of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). By contrast, streptozotocin-induced ablation of insulin signalling diminished cardiac glucose uptake levels and caused cardiac dysfunction, indicating that insulin may be important in LXRα-mediated glucose uptake. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays identified natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), as potential direct targets of cardiac LXRα overexpression. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Cardiac-specific LXRα overexpression ameliorates the progression of HFD-induced left ventricular hypertrophy in association with increased glucose reliance and natriuretic peptide signalling during the early phase of diabetic cardiomyopathy. These findings implicate a potential protective role for LXR in targeting metabolic disturbances underlying diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan V Cannon
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Herman H W Silljé
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jürgen W A Sijbesma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsin A F Khan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Knut R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wiek H van Gilst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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28
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Emerging role of liver X receptors in cardiac pathophysiology and heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 111:3. [PMID: 26611207 PMCID: PMC4661180 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors (LXRs) are master regulators of metabolism and have been studied for their pharmacological potential in vascular and metabolic disease. Besides their established role in metabolic homeostasis and disease, there is mounting evidence to suggest that LXRs may exert direct beneficial effects in the heart. Here, we aim to provide a conceptual framework to explain the broad mode of action of LXRs and how LXR signaling may be an important local and systemic target for the treatment of heart failure. We discuss the potential role of LXRs in systemic conditions associated with heart failure, such as hypertension, diabetes, and renal and vascular disease. Further, we expound on recent data that implicate a direct role for LXR activation in the heart, for its impact on cardiomyocyte damage and loss due to ischemia, and effects on cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and myocardial metabolism. Taken together, the accumulating evidence supports the notion that LXRs may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of heart failure.
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29
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Wang H, Zhu L, Hao J, Duan H, Liu S, Zhao S, Liu Q, Liu W. Co-regulation of SREBP-1 and mTOR ameliorates lipid accumulation in kidney of diabetic mice. Exp Cell Res 2015; 336:76-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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30
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Nicolas A, Fatima S, Lamri A, Bellili-Muñoz N, Halimi JM, Saulnier PJ, Hadjadj S, Velho G, Marre M, Roussel R, Fumeron F. ABCG8 polymorphisms and renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Metabolism 2015; 64:713-9. [PMID: 25804128 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Sterols, bile acids and their receptors have been involved in diabetic nephropathy. The ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 (ABCG5 and ABCG8) play an important role in intestinal sterol absorption and bile acid secretion. The aim of our study was to assess the associations between two ABCG8 coding polymorphisms, T400K and D19H, and the incidence of renal events in type 2 diabetic subjects. METHODS Participants were the 3137 French type 2 diabetic subjects with micro- or macro-albuminuria from the genetic substudy of the DIABHYCAR trial. The mean duration of follow-up was 4years. Renal events were defined as a doubling of serum creatinine concentration or end-stage renal disease at follow-up. We then used a second population (DIAB2NEPHROGENE) of 2140 type 2 diabetic patients for the purpose of validation. RESULTS In DIABHYCAR, the 400K allele was significantly associated with a higher risk of incident renal events in a multiple adjusted model (HR: 1.75 [95% CI 1.20-2.56], P=0.003). This association was still significant after further adjustments for baseline values of estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin excretion. In the validation population, the 400K allele was associated with the prevalence of end-stage renal disease (OR=2.01 [95% CI 1.15-3.54], P=0.015). No significant association was found between the D19H polymorphism and the risk of diabetic nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS A polymorphism of the sterol transporter ABCG8 has been associated with the prevalence of end-stage renal disease and with the incidence of new renal events in type 2 diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Nicolas
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Univ Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Sehrish Fatima
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France
| | - Amel Lamri
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Naima Bellili-Muñoz
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Halimi
- University Hospital of Tours, Diabetology and Nephrology Department, Tours, France
| | - Pierre-Jean Saulnier
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, CIC1402, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Pole DUNE & Centre d'investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France; INSERM, CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Samy Hadjadj
- Université de Poitiers, UFR Médecine Pharmacie, CIC1402, Poitiers, France; CHU de Poitiers, Service Endocrinologie, Diabétologie, Pole DUNE & Centre d'investigation Clinique, Poitiers, France; INSERM, CIC1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Gilberto Velho
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France
| | - Michel Marre
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Fumeron
- INSERM, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Research Unit 1138, Paris, France; Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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