1
|
Bo B, Guo A, Kaila SJ, Hao Z, Zhang H, Wei J, Yao Y. Elucidating the primary mechanisms of high-intensity interval training for improved cardiac fitness in obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1170324. [PMID: 37608837 PMCID: PMC10441243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1170324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global and rising multifactorial pandemic associated with the emergence of several comorbidities that are risk factors for malignant cardiac remodeling and disease. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has gained considerable attention due to its favorable outcomes of cardiometabolic health in individuals with overweight or obese. The primary aim of this review is to discuss the fundamental processes through which HIIT improves cardiac impairment in individuals with obesity to develop viable treatments for obesity management. In this review, a multiple database search and collection were conducted from the earliest record to January 2013 for studies included the qualitative component of HIIT intervention in humans and animals with overweight/obesity related to cardiac remodeling and fitness. We attempt to integrate the main mechanisms of HIIT in cardiac remolding improvement in obesity into an overall sequential hypothesis. This work focus on the ameliorative effects of HIIT on obesity-induced cardiac remodeling with respect to potential and pleiotropic mechanisms, including adipose distribution, energy metabolism, inflammatory response, insulin resistance, and related risk profiles in obesity. In conclusion, HIIT has been shown to reduce obesity-induced risks of cardiac remodeling, but the long-term effects of HIIT on obesity-induced cardiac injury and disease are presently unknown. Collective understanding highlights numerous specific research that are needed before the safety and effectiveness of HIIT can be confirmed and widely adopted in patient with obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bo
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Aijing Guo
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Severa Jafeth Kaila
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zhe Hao
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Sports Reform and Development Research Center, School of Physical Education, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kabir M, Bergman RN, Porter J, Stefanovski D, Paszkiewicz RL, Piccinini F, Woolcott OO, Yang H, Sashi Gopaul V, Stiles L, Kolka CM. Dapagliflozin prevents abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction in the insulin-resistant canine model. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1798-1811. [PMID: 37221655 PMCID: PMC10981466 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) promote urinary glucose excretion, induce weight loss, and reduce fat accumulation. The effects of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin (DAPA) on subcutaneous (SC) and visceral (VIS) adipose tissue function remain unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate SC and VIS adipose tissue function in an insulin-resistant canine model. METHODS A total of 12 dogs were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks and then were given a single low dose of streptozotocin (18.5 mg/kg) to induce insulin resistance. Animals were then randomized and exposed to DAPA (n = 6, 1.25 mg/kg) or placebo (n = 6) once per day for 6 weeks while remaining on the HFD. RESULTS DAPA prevented further weight gain induced by the HFD and normalized fat mass. DAPA reduced fasting glucose and increased free fatty acids, adiponectin, and β-hydroxybutyrate. DAPA reduced adipocyte diameter and cell distribution. Furthermore, DAPA increased genes associated with beiging, lipolysis, and adiponectin secretion and the expression of the adiponectin receptor ADR2, in SC and VIS adipose tissue. DAPA increased AMP-activated protein kinase activity and maximal mitochondrial respiratory function, especially in the SC depot. Furthermore, DAPA reduced cytokines and ceramide synthesis enzymes in SC and VIS depots. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, to our knowledge, we identify mechanisms by which DAPA enhances adipose tissue function in regulating energy homeostasis in an insulin-resistant canine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morvarid Kabir
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jay Porter
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Darko Stefanovski
- University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Francesca Piccinini
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Orison O. Woolcott
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - HsiuChiung Yang
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V Sashi Gopaul
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xenoulis PG, Heilmann RM, Stavroulaki EM, Riggers DS, Gneipel LJ, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Associations among serum insulin, calprotectin, and C-reactive protein concentrations in Miniature Schnauzers with idiopathic hyperlipidemia before and after feeding an ultra-low-fat diet. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:910-918. [PMID: 35451113 PMCID: PMC9151470 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Miniature Schnauzers (MS) commonly have idiopathic hypertriglyceridemia (HTGL), which is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and a subclinical inflammatory phenotype. Objectives Determine the association between indicators of IR and inflammatory biomarkers in MS with and without HTGL and identify how indicators of IR are affected by dietary intervention in MS with HTGL. Animals Seventy MS with HTGL and 79 MS without HTGL. In addition, 15 MS with HTGL were placed on a low‐fat diet. Methods Serum concentrations of triglycerides, cholesterol, calprotectin, insulin, and glucose were compared between groups. Results Serum glucose and calprotectin concentrations (shown to be higher in MS with HTGL than in MS without HTGL) were inversely correlated (ρ = −.28; P < .001). After dietary intervention, median serum insulin concentrations were 8.1 mU/L compared to 20.8 mU/L before dietary intervention (P = .06). Dogs with complete resolution of HTGL after dietary intervention (5 dogs) had significantly lower serum insulin concentrations compared to baseline (P = .03). Conclusion and Clinical Importance The subclinical inflammatory phenotype in MS with HTGL appears to be associated with IR. Resolution of HTGL by dietary intervention is associated with a decrease in serum insulin concentrations. The implication of the increase in serum calprotectin concentrations after resolution of HTGL warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis G Xenoulis
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece.,Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Romy M Heilmann
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Eva M Stavroulaki
- Clinic of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, Karditsa, Greece
| | - Denise S Riggers
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Laura J Gneipel
- Department for Small Animals, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | - Jan S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Jörg M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gutiérrez-Cuevas J, Sandoval-Rodriguez A, Meza-Rios A, Monroy-Ramírez HC, Galicia-Moreno M, García-Bañuelos J, Santos A, Armendariz-Borunda J. Molecular Mechanisms of Obesity-Linked Cardiac Dysfunction: An Up-Date on Current Knowledge. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030629. [PMID: 33809061 PMCID: PMC8000147 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as excessive body fat accumulation, and worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. Excess of free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides in obese individuals promote ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver, skeletal muscle tissue, and heart, among others, inducing insulin resistance, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes (T2D), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). These diseases are promoted by visceral white adipocyte tissue (WAT) dysfunction through an increase in pro-inflammatory adipokines, oxidative stress, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), and adverse changes in the gut microbiome. In the heart, obesity and T2D induce changes in substrate utilization, tissue metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation, leading to myocardial fibrosis and ultimately cardiac dysfunction. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are involved in the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, also improve insulin sensitivity, triglyceride levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the molecular mechanisms involved in obesity-linked CVD pathophysiology, considering pro-inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and hormones, as well as the role of oxidative stress, inflammation, and PPARs. In addition, cell lines and animal models, biomarkers, gut microbiota dysbiosis, epigenetic modifications, and current therapeutic treatments in CVD associated with obesity are outlined in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Alejandra Meza-Rios
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Marina Galicia-Moreno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Jesús García-Bañuelos
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
| | - Arturo Santos
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, University of Guadalajara, CUCS, Jalisco 44340, Mexico; (J.G.-C.); (A.S.-R.); (H.C.M.-R.); (M.G.-M.); (J.G.-B.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalisco 45201, Mexico; (A.M.-R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-333-677-8741
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farkhondeh T, Llorens S, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Shakibaei M, Samarghandian S. An Overview of the Role of Adipokines in Cardiometabolic Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E5218. [PMID: 33182462 PMCID: PMC7665135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) leads to an increase in morbidity, mortality, and a shortening of life span. The changes in heart structure and function as well as metabolic profile are caused by obese people, including those free of metabolic disorders. Obesity alters heart function structure and affects lipid and glucose metabolism, blood pressure, and increase inflammatory cytokines. Adipokines, specific cytokines of adipocytes, are involved in the progression of obesity and the associated co-morbidities. In the current study, we review the scientific evidence on the effects of obesity on CVDs, focusing on the changes in adipokines. Several adipokines have anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects comprising omentin, apelin, adiponectin, and secreted frizzled-related protein (Sfrp-5). Other adipokines have pro-inflammatory impacts on the cardiovascular system and obesity including leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP-4), visfatin, resistin, and osteopontin. We found that obesity is associated with multiple CVDs, but can only occur in unhealthy metabolic patients. However, more studies should be designed to clarify the association between obesity, adipokine changes, and the occurrence of CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand 9717853577, Iran;
| | - Silvia Llorens
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Albacete, Centro Regional de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CRIB), University of Castilla-La Mancha, 02008 Albacete, Spain;
| | | | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1996835113, Iran;
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumour Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Piantedosi D, Palatucci AT, Giovazzino A, Ruggiero G, Rubino V, Musco N, Carriero F, Farina F, Attia YAEW, Terrazzano G, Lombardi P, Cortese L. Effect of a Weight Loss Program on Biochemical and Immunological Profile, Serum Leptin Levels, and Cardiovascular Parameters in Obese Dogs. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:398. [PMID: 32851001 PMCID: PMC7424025 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a weight loss program (WLP) on biochemical and immunological profile, and cardiovascular parameters in a cohort of dogs with naturally occurring obesity. Eleven obese dogs [body condition scoring (BCS), ≥7/9] were enrolled into the study and underwent clinical and cardiovascular examination, and blood testing before (T0) and after 6 months (T1) of WLP. Eleven normal weight (BCS, 4/5) healthy dogs were used as a control (CTR) group. Compared to the CTR group, at T0 obese dogs expressed higher serum leptin concentrations (p < 0.0005) that significantly decreased after weight loss (p < 0.005) but remained higher than the CTR group. Furthermore, obese dogs showed considerably lower levels (p < 0.0005) of regulatory T cell (Treg) compared to the CTR group, but they did not change after weight loss at T1. In obese dogs, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were substantially reduced at T1 (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.005). Regarding the cardiovascular parameters, only one obese dog was hypertensive at T0, and systolic blood pressure values showed no significant differences at the end of the WLP. The ratio of interventricular septal thickness in diastole to left ventricle internal diameter in diastole (IVSd/LVIDd) was significantly greater in obese dogs at T0 than in the CTR group (p < 0.005). It decreased after weight loss (p < 0.05). In obese dogs, troponin I level significantly reduced with weight loss (p < 0.05), while endothelin-1 level did not differ statistically. The results suggest that the immune dysregulation in the presence of high leptin levels and reduced number of Treg could affect obese dogs as well as humans. Based on our findings, we may speculate that a more complete immune-regulation restore could be obtained by a greater reduction in fat mass and a longer-term WLP. Finally, left ventricular remodeling may occur in some obese dogs. However, in canine species, further studies are needed to investigate the impact of obesity and related WLP on cardiovascular system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piantedosi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angela Giovazzino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ruggiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Rubino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Carriero
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Youssef Abd El Wahab Attia
- Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Brouwer A, Asare Bediako I, Paszkiewicz RL, Kolka CM, Bergman RN, Broussard JL. Impact of sleep deprivation and high-fat feeding on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function in dogs. Diabetologia 2020; 63:875-884. [PMID: 32016566 PMCID: PMC7304935 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Insufficient sleep is increasingly recognised as a major risk factor for the development of obesity and diabetes, and short-term sleep loss in clinical studies leads to a reduction in insulin sensitivity. Sleep loss-induced metabolic impairments are clinically relevant, since reductions in insulin sensitivity after sleep loss are comparable to insulin sensitivity differences between healthy individuals and those with impaired glucose tolerance. However, the relative effects of sleep loss vs high-fat feeding in the same individual have not been assessed. In addition, to our knowledge no diurnal (active during the daytime) non-human mammalian model of sleep loss-induced metabolic impairment exists, which limits our ability to study links between sleep and metabolism. METHODS This study examined the effects of one night of total sleep deprivation on insulin sensitivity and beta cell function, as assessed by an IVGTT, before and after 9 months of high-fat feeding in a canine model. RESULTS One night of total sleep deprivation in lean dogs impaired insulin sensitivity to a similar degree as a chronic high-fat diet (HFD)(normal sleep: 4.95 ± 0.45 mU-1 l-1 min-1; sleep deprivation: 3.14 ± 0.21 mU-1 l-1 min-1; HFD: 3.74 ± 0.48 mU-1 l-1 min-1; mean ± SEM). Hyperinsulinaemic compensation was induced by the chronic HFD, suggesting adequate beta cell response to high-fat feeding. In contrast, there was no beta cell compensation after one night of sleep deprivation, suggesting that there was metabolic dysregulation with acute sleep loss that, if sustained during chronic sleep loss, could contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. After chronic high-fat feeding, acute total sleep deprivation did not cause further impairments in insulin sensitivity (sleep deprivation + chronic HFD: 3.28 mU-1 l-1 min-1). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings provide further evidence that sleep is important for metabolic health and establish a diurnal animal model of metabolic disruption during insufficient sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Brouwer
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josiane L Broussard
- Sleep and Metabolism Laboratory, Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, 1582 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1582, USA.
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kolka CM. The vascular endothelium plays a role in insulin action. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:168-175. [PMID: 31479553 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The endocrine system relies on the vasculature for delivery of hormones throughout the body, and the capillary microvasculature is the site where the hormones cross from the blood into the target tissue. Once considered an inert wall, various studies have now highlighted the functions of the capillary endothelium to regulate transport and therefore affect or maintain the interstitial environment. The role of the capillary may be clear in areas where there is a continuous endothelium, yet there also appears to be a role of endothelial cells in tissues with a sinusoidal structure. Here we focused on the most common endocrine disorder, diabetes, and several of the target organs associated with the disease, including skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas. However, it is important to note that the ability of hormones to cross the endothelium to reach their target tissue is a component of all endocrine functions. It is also a consideration in organs throughout the body and may have greater impact for larger hormones with target tissues containing a continuous endothelium. We noted that the blood levels do not always equal interstitial levels, which is what the cells are exposed to, and discussed how this may change in diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance. The capillary endothelium is, therefore, an essential and understudied aspect of endocrinology and metabolism that can be altered in disease, which may be an appropriate target for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cathryn M Kolka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
In vitro effect of leptin on human cardiac contractility. J Nutr Sci 2019; 8:e12. [PMID: 31019683 PMCID: PMC6465679 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone produced by adipose tissue, has been linked to many regulatory pathways. Its role in the complex relationship between obesity and CVD is not yet clear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether leptin interferes directly with cardiac function regulation, altering its contractile force character, and hence contributing to different pathological processes. Muscle samples were obtained from human atrial myocardium. Each trial included two samples from the same patient. They were simultaneously electrically stimulated under sustained perfusion to perform isometric contractions. One sample was treated with a high concentration of human recombinant leptin (1 µg/ml). The other was treated with placebo and served as a control. The exhibited contraction forces (CF) and the contraction duration (CD) after 20 min of treatment were normalised by dividing them by the values before the treatment and reported as a percentage. A total of ten successful trials were conducted. Exposure to leptin did not yield a statistically significant variation in both CF and CF. In the treatment group, CF% measured 108 (95 % CI 91, 125) % and CD% measured 95 (95 % CI 90, 101) % after 20 min. In the control group, CF% measured 105 (90 % CI 84, 126) % and CD% measured 92 (95 % CI 80, 105) % after 20 min. We concluded that leptin does not alter the contractile character of human atrial tissues, even in supraphysiological dosage. These results suggest that leptin does not play a role in short-term cardiac regulation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Niaz K, Maqbool F, Khan F, Hassan FI, Momtaz S, Abdollahi M. Comparative occurrence of diabetes in canine, feline, and few wild animals and their association with pancreatic diseases and ketoacidosis with therapeutic approach. Vet World 2018; 11:410-422. [PMID: 29805204 PMCID: PMC5960778 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.410-422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder in which blood glucose level raises that can result in severe complications. However, the incidence increased mostly by obesity, pregnancy, persistent corpus luteum, and diestrus phase in humans and animals. This review has focused on addressing the possible understanding and pathogenesis of spontaneous DM in canine, feline, and few wild animals. Furthermore, pancreatic associated disorders, diabetic ketoacidosis, hormonal and drug interaction with diabetes, and herbal remedies associated with DM are elucidated. Bibliographic search for the present review was done using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles on concurrent DM in small and wild animals. Persistent corpus luteal and pseudopregnancy in female dogs generate gestational DM (GDM). GDM can also be caused by extensive use of drugs/hormones such as glucocorticosteroids. Although many similarities are present between diabetic cats and diabetic humans which present islet amyloidosis, there was a progressive loss of β- and α-cells and the normal number of δ-cells. The most prominent similarity is the occurrence of islet amyloidosis in all cases of diabetic cat and over 90% of human non-insulin dependent DM Type-2. Acute pancreatic necrosis (APN) occurs due to predisposing factors such as insulin antagonism, insulin resistance, alteration in glucose tolerance, obesity, hyperadrenocorticism, and persistent usage of glucocorticoids, as these play a vital role in the progression of APN. To manage such conditions, it is important to deal with the etiological agent, risk factors, diagnosis of diabetes, and hormonal and drug interaction along with its termination with suitable therapy (herbal) protocols. It should be noted that the protocols used for the diagnosis and treatment of human DM are not appropriate for animals. Further investigations regarding diabetic conditions of pets and wild animals are required, which will benefit the health status of all animals health worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Maqbool
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Broussard JL, Bergman RN, Bediako IA, Paszkiewicz RL, Iyer MS, Kolka CM. Insulin Access to Skeletal Muscle is Preserved in Obesity Induced by Polyunsaturated Diet. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:119-125. [PMID: 29193779 PMCID: PMC5739979 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diets high in saturated fat induce obesity and insulin resistance and impair insulin access to skeletal muscle, leading to reduced insulin levels at the muscle cell surface available to bind insulin receptors and induce glucose uptake. In contrast, diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fat improve insulin sensitivity (SI) and reduce the risk for type 2 diabetes. It was hypothesized that a diet high in polyunsaturated fat would preserve SI and insulin access to muscle, as compared with a diet high in saturated fat. METHODS After 12 weeks of control, saturated (LARD), or polyunsaturated (salmon oil [SO]) high-fat diet feeding, muscle SI and insulin access to skeletal muscle were measured by using lymph, a surrogate of skeletal muscle interstitial fluid. RESULTS Both high-fat diets induced similar weight gain, yet only LARD impaired SI. Hyperinsulinemia in the LARD group did not induce an increase in basal interstitial insulin, suggesting reduced insulin access to muscle after LARD, but not after SO. CONCLUSIONS A diet high in polyunsaturated fat does not impair insulin access to muscle interstitium or induce insulin resistance as observed with a saturated fat diet, despite similar weight gain. Future studies should determine whether dietary SO supplementation improves impairments in insulin access to skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane L Broussard
- Department of Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malini S Iyer
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Science, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hamlet SM, Haggerty CM, Suever JD, Wehner GJ, Andres KN, Powell DK, Charnigo RJ, Fornwalt BK. Using a respiratory navigator significantly reduces variability when quantifying left ventricular torsion with cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:25. [PMID: 28245864 PMCID: PMC5331707 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) torsion is an important indicator of cardiac function that is limited by high inter-test variability (50% of the mean value). We hypothesized that this high inter-test variability is partly due to inconsistent breath-hold positions during serial image acquisitions, which could be significantly improved by using a respiratory navigator for cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) based quantification of LV torsion. METHODS We assessed respiratory-related variability in measured LV torsion with two distinct experimental protocols. First, 17 volunteers were recruited for CMR with cine displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) in which a respiratory navigator was used to measure and then enforce variability in end-expiratory position between all LV basal and apical acquisitions. From these data, we quantified the inter-test variability of torsion in the absence and presence of enforced end-expiratory position variability, which established an upper bound for the expected torsion variability. For the second experiment (in 20 new, healthy volunteers), 10 pairs of cine DENSE basal and apical images were each acquired from consecutive breath-holds and consecutive navigator-gated scans (with a single acceptance position). Inter-test variability of torsion was compared between the breath-hold and navigator-gated scans to quantify the variability due to natural breath-hold variation. To demonstrate the importance of these variability reductions, we quantified the reduction in sample size required to detect a clinically meaningful change in LV torsion with the use of a respiratory navigator. RESULTS The mean torsion was 3.4 ± 0.2°/cm. From the first experiment, enforced variability in end-expiratory position translated to considerable variability in measured torsion (0.56 ± 0.34°/cm), whereas inter-test variability with consistent end-expiratory position was 57% lower (0.24 ± 0.16°/cm, p < 0.001). From the second experiment, natural respiratory variability from consecutive breath-holds translated to a variability in torsion of 0.24 ± 0.10°/cm, which was significantly higher than the variability from navigator-gated scans (0.18 ± 0.06°/cm, p = 0.02). By using a respiratory navigator with DENSE, theoretical sample sizes were reduced from 66 to 16 and 26 to 15 as calculated from the two experiments. CONCLUSIONS A substantial portion (22-57%) of the inter-test variability of LV torsion can be reduced by using a respiratory navigator to ensure a consistent breath-hold position between image acquisitions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M. Hamlet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Christopher M. Haggerty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Jonathan D. Suever
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
| | - Gregory J. Wehner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | | | - David K. Powell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Richard J. Charnigo
- Departments of Biostatistics and Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Brandon K. Fornwalt
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Imaging Science and Innovation, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Departments of Physiology and Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Radiology, Geisinger Health System, 100 North Academy Avenue, Danville, PA 17822-4400 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Broussard JL, Castro AVB, Iyer M, Paszkiewicz RL, Bediako IA, Szczepaniak LS, Szczepaniak EW, Bergman RN, Kolka CM. Insulin access to skeletal muscle is impaired during the early stages of diet-induced obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1922-8. [PMID: 27569119 PMCID: PMC5004780 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin must move from the blood to the interstitium to initiate signaling, yet access to the interstitium may be impaired in cases of insulin resistance, such as obesity. This study investigated whether consuming a short- and long-term high-fat diet (HFD) impairs insulin access to skeletal muscle, the major site of insulin-mediated glucose uptake. METHODS Male mongrel dogs were divided into three groups consisting of control diet (n = 16), short-term (n = 8), and long-term HFD (n = 8). Insulin sensitivity was measured with intravenous glucose tolerance tests. A hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed in each animal at the conclusion of the study. During the clamp, lymph fluid was measured as a representation of the interstitial space to assess insulin access to muscle. RESULTS Short- and long-term HFD induced obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity. Lymph insulin concentrations were approximately 50% of plasma insulin concentrations under control conditions. Long-term HFD caused fasting plasma hyperinsulinemia; however, interstitial insulin concentrations were not increased, suggesting impaired insulin access to muscle. CONCLUSIONS A HFD rapidly induces insulin resistance at the muscle and impairs insulin access under basal insulin concentrations. Hyperinsulinemia induced by a long-term HFD may be a compensatory mechanism necessary to maintain healthy insulin levels in muscle interstitium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josiane L Broussard
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ana V B Castro
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Malini Iyer
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca L Paszkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Isaac Asare Bediako
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cathryn M Kolka
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Haggerty CM, Jing L, Fornwalt BK. Of mice (dogs) and men: getting to the heart of obesity-associated cardiac dysfunction. Diabetologia 2016; 59:9-12. [PMID: 26518683 PMCID: PMC4764985 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Haggerty
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Linyuan Jing
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Brandon K Fornwalt
- Institute for Advanced Application, Geisinger Clinic, 100 N. Academy Ave., Danville, PA, 17822, USA.
| |
Collapse
|