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Lui DTW, Tan KCB. High-density lipoprotein in diabetes: Structural and functional relevance. J Diabetes Investig 2024; 15:805-816. [PMID: 38416054 PMCID: PMC11215696 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Low levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) is considered a major cardiovascular risk factor. However, recent studies have suggested a more U-shaped association between HDL-C and cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that the cardioprotective effect of HDL is related to the functions of HDL particles rather than their cholesterol content. HDL particles are highly heterogeneous and have multiple functions relevant to cardiometabolic conditions including cholesterol efflux capacity, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties. There are quantitative and qualitative changes in HDL as well as functional abnormalities in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Non-enzymatic glycation, carbamylation, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation can modify the HDL composition and therefore the functions, especially in situations of poor glycemic control. Studies of HDL proteomics and lipidomics have provided further insights into the structure-function relationship of HDL in diabetes. Interestingly, HDL also has a pleiotropic anti-diabetic effect, improving glycemic control through improvement in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Given the important role of HDL in cardiometabolic health, HDL-based therapeutics are being developed to enhance HDL functions rather than to increase HDL-C levels. Among these, recombinant HDL and small synthetic apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may hold promise for preventing and treating diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tak Wai Lui
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Kathryn Choon Beng Tan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina
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2
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Han J, Chen Y, Xu X, Li Q, Xiang X, Shen J, Ma X. Development of Recombinant High-Density Lipoprotein Platform with Innate Adipose Tissue-Targeting Abilities for Regional Fat Reduction. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13635-13651. [PMID: 38753978 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
As an escalating public health issue, obesity and overweight conditions are predispositions to various diseases and are exacerbated by concurrent chronic inflammation. Nonetheless, extant antiobesity pharmaceuticals (quercetin, capsaicin, catecholamine, etc.) manifest constrained efficacy alongside systemic toxic effects. Effective therapeutic approaches that selectively target adipose tissue, thereby enhancing local energy expenditure, surmounting the limitations of prevailing antiobesity modalities are highly expected. In this context, we developed a temperature-sensitive hydrogel loaded with recombinant high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) to achieve targeted delivery of resveratrol, an adipose browning activator, to adipose tissue. rHDL exhibits self-regulation on fat cell metabolism and demonstrates natural targeting toward scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which is highly expressed by fat cells, thereby achieving a synergistic effect for the treatment of obesity. Additionally, the dispersion of rHDL@Res in temperature-sensitive hydrogels, coupled with the regulation of their degradation and drug release rate, facilitated sustainable drug release at local adipose tissues over an extended period. Following 24 days' treatment regimen, obese mice exhibited improved metabolic status, resulting in a reduction of 68.2% of their inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT). Specifically, rHDL@Res/gel facilitated the conversion of fatty acids to phospholipids (PA, PC), expediting fat mobilization, mitigating triglyceride accumulation, and therefore facilitating adipose tissue reduction. Furthermore, rHDL@Res/gel demonstrated efficacy in attenuating obesity-induced inflammation and fostering angiogenesis in ingWAT. Collectively, this engineered local fat reduction platform demonstrated heightened effectiveness and safety through simultaneously targeting adipocytes, promoting WAT browning, regulating lipid metabolism, and controlling inflammation, showing promise for adipose-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Han
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yingxian Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolong Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Qingmeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xin Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, Hainan 572025, P. R. China
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3
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Mineo C, Shaul PW. New Player in an Old Field? Ecto-F 1-ATPase in Antidiabetic Actions of HDL in Pancreatic β-Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:419-422. [PMID: 38095108 PMCID: PMC10842905 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Dept. of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
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Manandhar B, Pandzic E, Deshpande N, Chen SY, Wasinger VC, Kockx M, Glaros EN, Ong KL, Thomas SR, Wilkins MR, Whan RM, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. ApoA-I Protects Pancreatic β-Cells From Cholesterol-Induced Mitochondrial Damage and Restores Their Ability to Secrete Insulin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:e20-e38. [PMID: 38095105 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High cholesterol levels in pancreatic β-cells cause oxidative stress and decrease insulin secretion. β-cells can internalize apo (apolipoprotein) A-I, which increases insulin secretion. This study asks whether internalization of apoA-I improves β-cell insulin secretion by reducing oxidative stress. METHODS Ins-1E cells were cholesterol-loaded by incubation with cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin. Insulin secretion in the presence of 2.8 or 25 mmol/L glucose was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Internalization of fluorescently labeled apoA-I by β-cells was monitored by flow cytometry. The effects of apoA-I internalization on β-cell gene expression were evaluated by RNA sequencing. ApoA-I-binding partners on the β-cell surface were identified by mass spectrometry. Mitochondrial oxidative stress was quantified in β-cells and isolated islets with MitoSOX and confocal microscopy. RESULTS An F1-ATPase β-subunit on the β-cell surface was identified as the main apoA-I-binding partner. β-cell internalization of apoA-I was time-, concentration-, temperature-, cholesterol-, and F1-ATPase β-subunit-dependent. β-cells with internalized apoA-I (apoA-I+ cells) had higher cholesterol and cell surface F1-ATPase β-subunit levels than β-cells without internalized apoA-I (apoA-I- cells). The internalized apoA-I colocalized with mitochondria and was associated with reduced oxidative stress and increased insulin secretion. The IF1 (ATPase inhibitory factor 1) attenuated apoA-I internalization and increased oxidative stress in Ins-1E β-cells and isolated mouse islets. Differentially expressed genes in apoA-I+ and apoA-I- Ins-1E cells were related to protein synthesis, the unfolded protein response, insulin secretion, and mitochondrial function. CONCLUSIONS These results establish that β-cells are functionally heterogeneous, and apoA-I restores insulin secretion in β-cells with elevated cholesterol levels by improving mitochondrial redox balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Manandhar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elvis Pandzic
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nandan Deshpande
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sing-Young Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valerie C Wasinger
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (V.C.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maaike Kockx
- ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Sydney, Australia (M.K.)
| | - Elias N Glaros
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kwok Leung Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marc R Wilkins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences (N.D., S.-Y.C., M.R.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renee M Whan
- Katharina Gaus Light Microscopy Facility, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre (E.P., R.M.W.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine (B.M., E.N.G., K.L.O., S.R.T., B.J.C., K.-A.R.), UNSW, Sydney, Australia
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5
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Dong H, Wang J, Hu P, Lu N. Associations of apolipoproteinA1, high density lipoprotein cholesterol with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in Chinese adults with coronary artery disease. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108516. [PMID: 37276657 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Scarce data explored the associations of apolipoproteins with hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. This study determined associations of serum apolipoproteinA1 (ApoA1) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) with HGI and TyG index in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. METHODS A total of 10,803 CAD patients were included in this cross-sectional pilot study. Serum concentrations of ApoA1 and HDL-C were measured. Analyses of covariance were used to compare the mean differences in glucose metabolism indices (e.g., HGI, TyG index, hemoglobin glycation [HbA1c], fasting blood glucose [FBG]) among the quartiles of ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio. RESULTS In multivariate analysis, higher ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio were associated with significantly lower HGI (Quartile [Q]4 vs. Q1: -0.032 % vs. 0.017 % for ApoA1; -0.072 % vs. 0.079 % for HDL-C; -0.083 % vs. 0.085 % for HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio). Intermediate ApoA1 level was inversely associated with TyG index (Q2 vs. Q1: 296.278 vs. 306.794). The mean TyG index were significantly decreased with increased HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio (Q4 vs. Q1: 298.584 vs. 309.221 for HDL-C; 300.405 vs. 315.218 for HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio). Moreover, the inverse associations of ApoA1, HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with HbA1c and FBG also were observed. In path analysis, the associations of HDL-C and HDL-C/ApoA1 ratio with TyG index were mediated by obesity. CONCLUSION This study provided further support for the hypoglycemic effects of ApoA1 and HDL-C in patients with CAD. Replication of these findings is warranted in further longitudinal studies in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Dong
- Department of Child Healthcare and Scientific Education Section, Affiliated Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Image Center, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Department of Psycho-Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Thomas SR, Zhang Y, Rye KA. The pleiotropic effects of high-density lipoproteins and apolipoprotein A-I. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 37:101689. [PMID: 36008277 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction of human plasma consists of multiple subpopulations of spherical particles that are structurally uniform, but heterogeneous in terms of size, composition and function. Numerous epidemiological studies have established that an elevated high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with decreased cardiovascular risk. However, with several recent randomised clinical trials of HDL-C raising agents failing to reduce cardiovascular events, contemporary research is transitioning towards clinical development of the cardioprotective functions of HDLs and the identification of functions that can be exploited for treatment of other diseases. This review describes the origins of HDLs and the causes of their compositional and functional heterogeneity. It then summarises current knowledge of how cardioprotective and other functions of HDLs are regulated. The final section of the review summarises recent advances in the clinical development of HDL-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane R Thomas
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Yunjia Zhang
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Cardiometabolic Disease Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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7
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Su Y, Wang W, Xiao Q, Tang L, Wang T, Xie M, Su Y. Macrophage membrane-camouflaged lipoprotein nanoparticles for effective obesity treatment based on a sustainable self-reinforcement strategy. Acta Biomater 2022; 152:519-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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HDL and Diabetes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1377:119-127. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-1592-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. High Density Lipoproteins and Diabetes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040850. [PMID: 33918571 PMCID: PMC8069617 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have established that a high plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with reduced cardiovascular risk. However, recent randomised clinical trials of interventions that increase HDL-C levels have failed to establish a causal basis for this relationship. This has led to a shift in HDL research efforts towards developing strategies that improve the cardioprotective functions of HDLs, rather than simply increasing HDL-C levels. These efforts are also leading to the discovery of novel HDL functions that are unrelated to cardiovascular disease. One of the most recently identified functions of HDLs is their potent antidiabetic properties. The antidiabetic functions of HDLs, and recent key advances in this area are the subject of this review. Given that all forms of diabetes are increasing at an alarming rate globally, there is a clear unmet need to identify and develop new approaches that will complement existing therapies and reduce disease progression as well as reverse established disease. Exploration of a potential role for HDLs and their constituent lipids and apolipoproteins in this area is clearly warranted. This review highlights focus areas that have yet to be investigated and potential strategies for exploiting the antidiabetic functions of HDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-9385-1219; Fax: +61-2-9385-1389
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Cochran BJ, Ong KL, Manandhar B, Rye KA. APOA1: a Protein with Multiple Therapeutic Functions. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 33591433 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Apolipoprotein (APO) A1, the main apolipoprotein of plasma high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), has several well documented cardioprotective functions. A number of additional potentially beneficial functions of APOA1 have recently been identified. This review is concerned with the therapeutic potential of all of these functions in multiple disease states. RECENT FINDINGS Knowledge of the beneficial functions of APOA1 in atherosclerosis, thrombosis, diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders is increasing exponentially. These insights have led to the development of clinically relevant peptides and APOA1-containing, synthetic reconstituted HDL (rHDL) preparations that mimic the functions of full-length APOA1. APOA1 is a multifunctional apolipoprotein that has therapeutic potential in several diseases. Translation of this knowledge into the clinic is likely to be dependent on the efficacy and bioavailability of small peptides and synthetic rHDL preparations that are currently under investigation, or in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Level 4E Wallace Wurth Building, Kensington, New South Wales, 2052, Australia.
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Edmunds SJ, Liébana-García R, Stenkula KG, Lagerstedt JO. A short peptide of the C-terminal class Y helices of apolipoprotein A-I has preserved functions in cholesterol efflux and in vivo metabolic control. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18070. [PMID: 33093642 PMCID: PMC7582918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) induces glucose uptake by muscle tissues and stimulates pancreatic insulin secretion, and also facilitates cholesterol transport in circulation, and is explored for anti-diabetic and anti-atherosclerotic treatments. As the better alternative to complex protein-lipid formulations it was recently established that the C-terminal region of the ApoA-I protein singly improves the metabolic control and prevents formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Additional investigations of peptides based on the ApoA-I structure may lead to novel anti-diabetic drugs. We here investigate a short peptide (33mer, RG33) that corresponds to the two last helical segments (aa 209-241) of the ApoA-I structure (so-called class Y-helices which forms amphipathic helices) for stability and solubility in serum, for in vitro cholesterol efflux capability, and for providing in vivo glucose control in an insulin resistant mouse model. The RG33 peptide efficiently solubilizes lipid-vesicles, and promotes the efflux of cholesterol from cultured macrophages. The efflux capacity is significantly increased in the presence of lipids compared to non-lipidated RG33. Finally, acute treatment with the RG33 peptide significantly improves the glucose clearance capacity of insulin resistant mice. The impact of the RG33 peptide on glucose control and cholesterol transport, as well as the physicochemical properties, makes it a good candidate for translational exploration of its therapeutic potential in diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley J Edmunds
- Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University Diabetes Center, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Liébana-García
- Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University Diabetes Center, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University Diabetes Center, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University Diabetes Center, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden. .,Lund Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science (LINXS), Lund, Sweden.
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12
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Fritzen AM, Domingo-Espín J, Lundsgaard AM, Kleinert M, Israelsen I, Carl CS, Nicolaisen TS, Kjøbsted R, Jeppesen JF, Wojtaszewski JFP, Lagerstedt JO, Kiens B. ApoA-1 improves glucose tolerance by increasing glucose uptake into heart and skeletal muscle independently of AMPKα 2. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100949. [PMID: 32244181 PMCID: PMC7082546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute administration of the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-1), improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms mediating this are not known, but in muscle cell cultures, ApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake when infected with a dominant-negative AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) virus. We therefore investigated whether AMPK is necessary for ApoA-1-stimulated glucose uptake in intact heart and skeletal muscle in vivo. METHODS The effect of injection with recombinant human ApoA-1 (rApoA-1) on glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and glucose uptake into skeletal and heart muscle with and without block of insulin secretion by injection of epinephrine (0.1 mg/kg) and propranolol (5 mg/kg), were investigated in 8 weeks high-fat diet-fed (60E%) wild-type and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice in the overnight-fasted state. In addition, the effect of rApoA-1 on glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscle ex vivo was studied. RESULTS rApoA-1 lowered plasma glucose concentration by 1.7 mmol/l within 3 h (6.1 vs 4.4 mmol/l; p < 0.001). Three hours after rApoA-1 injection, glucose tolerance during a 40-min glucose tolerance test (GTT) was improved compared to control (area under the curve (AUC) reduced by 45%, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by an increased glucose clearance into skeletal (+110%; p < 0.001) and heart muscle (+100%; p < 0.001) and an increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 20 min after glucose injection (+180%; p < 0.001). When insulin secretion was blocked during a GTT, rApoA-1 still enhanced glucose tolerance (AUC lowered by 20% compared to control; p < 0.001) and increased glucose clearance into skeletal (+50%; p < 0.05) and heart muscle (+270%; p < 0.001). These improvements occurred to a similar extent in both wild-type and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice and thus independently of AMPKα2 activity in skeletal- and heart muscle. Interestingly, rApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ApoA-1 stimulates in vivo glucose disposal into skeletal and heart muscle independently of AMPKα2. The observation that ApoA-1 fails to increase glucose uptake in isolated muscle ex vivo suggests that additional systemic effects are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Domingo-Espín
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany
| | - Ida Israelsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84, Lund, Sweden; Lund Institute of Advanced X-ray and Neutron Science (LINXS), Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Manandhar B, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. Role of High-Density Lipoproteins in Cholesterol Homeostasis and Glycemic Control. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 9:e013531. [PMID: 31888429 PMCID: PMC6988162 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bikash Manandhar
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Edmunds SJ, Liébana-García R, Nilsson O, Domingo-Espín J, Grönberg C, Stenkula KG, Lagerstedt JO. ApoAI-derived peptide increases glucose tolerance and prevents formation of atherosclerosis in mice. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1257-1267. [PMID: 31069401 PMCID: PMC6560211 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Finding new treatment alternatives for individuals with diabetes with severe insulin resistance is highly desired. To identify novel mechanisms that improve glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, independently from insulin levels and signalling, we have explored the therapeutic potential of a short peptide sequence, RG54, derived from apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). METHODS INS-1E rat clonal beta cells, C2C12 rat muscle myotubes and J774 mouse macrophages were used to study the impact of RG54 peptide on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, glucose uptake and cholesterol efflux, respectively. GTTs were carried out on diet-induced insulin-resistant and Leprdb diabetic mouse models treated with RG54 peptide, and the impact of RG54 peptide on atherosclerosis was evaluated in Apoe-/- mice. Control mice received ApoA-I protein, liraglutide or NaCl. RESULTS The synthetic RG54 peptide induced glucose uptake in cultured muscle myotubes by a similar amount as insulin, and also primed pancreatic beta cells for improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The findings were verified in diet-induced insulin-resistant and Leprdb diabetic mice, jointly confirming the physiological effect. The RG54 peptide also efficiently catalysed cholesterol efflux from macrophages and prevented the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in Apoe-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The RG54 peptide exhibits good prospects for providing glucose control and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with severe insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley J Edmunds
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rebeca Liébana-García
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oktawia Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Joan Domingo-Espín
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Caitriona Grönberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Biomedical Center Floor C13, Lund University, Tornavagen 10, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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15
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Wu BJ, Sun Y, Ong KL, Li Y, Tang S, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Apolipoprotein A-I Protects Against Pregnancy-Induced Insulin Resistance in Rats. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1160-1171. [PMID: 31018664 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Insulin resistance and inflammation in pregnancy are risk factors for gestational diabetes mellitus. Increased plasma HDL (high-density lipoprotein) and apo (apolipoprotein) A-I levels have been reported to improve glucose metabolism and inhibit inflammation in animals and humans. This study asks whether increasing plasma apoA-I levels improves insulin sensitivity and reduces inflammation in insulin-resistant pregnant rats. Approach and Results- Insulin-resistant pregnant rats received intravenous infusions of lipid-free apoA-I (8 mg/kg) or saline on days 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 of pregnancy. The rats were then subjected to a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. Glucose uptake was increased in white and brown adipose tissue by 57±13% and 32±10%, respectively ( P<0.05 for both), and in quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle by 35±9.7% and 47±14%, respectively ( P<0.05 for both), in the apoA-I-treated pregnant rats relative to saline-infused pregnant rats. The pregnant rats that were treated with apoA-I also had reduced plasma TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) levels by 57±8.4%, plasma IL (interleukin)-6 levels by 67±9.5%, and adipose tissue macrophage content by 54±8.2% ( P<0.05 for all) relative to the saline-treated pregnant rats. Conclusions- These studies establish that apoA-I protects against pregnancy-induced insulin resistance in rats by increasing insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and inhibiting inflammation. This identifies apoA-I as a potential target for preventing pregnancy-induced insulin resistance and reducing the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J Wu
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Yidan Sun
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
- Division of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Austria (Y.S.)
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Yue Li
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Shudi Tang
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Philip J Barter
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- From the Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Australia (B.J.W., Y.S., K.-L.O., Y.L., S.T., P.J.B., K.-A.R.)
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16
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Hou L, Tang S, Wu BJ, Ong KL, Westerterp M, Barter PJ, Cochran BJ, Tabet F, Rye KA. Apolipoprotein A-I improves pancreatic β-cell function independent of the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1. FASEB J 2019; 33:8479-8489. [PMID: 30970222 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802512rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein constituent of HDLs, increases insulin synthesis and insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. ApoA-I also accepts cholesterol that effluxes from cells expressing ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter G1 (ABCG1). Mice with conditional deletion of ABCA1 and ABCG1 in β cells [β-double knockout (DKO) mice] have increased islet cholesterol levels and reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The project asks whether metabolic pathways are dysregulated in β-DKO mouse islets and whether this can be corrected, and GSIS improved, by treatment with apoA-I. β-DKO mice were treated with apoA-I or PBS, and islets were isolated for determination of GSIS. Total RNA was extracted from β-DKO and control mouse islets for microarray analysis. Metabolic pathways were interrogated by functional enrichment analysis. ApoA-I treatment improved GSIS in β-DKO but not control mouse islets. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels and islet cholesterol levels were also unaffected by treatment with apoA-I. Cholesterol metabolism, glucose metabolism, and inflammation pathways were dysregulated in β-DKO mouse islets. This was not corrected by treatment with apoA-I. In summary, apoA-I treatment improves GSIS by a cholesterol-independent mechanism, but it does not correct metabolic dysregulation in β-DKO mouse islets.-Hou, L., Tang, S., Wu, B. J., Ong, K.-L., Westerterp, M., Barter, P. J., Cochran, B. J., Tabet, F., Rye, K.-A. Apolipoprotein A-I improves pancreatic β-cell function independent of the ATP-binding cassette transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Hou
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shudi Tang
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben J Wu
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kwok-Leung Ong
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marit Westerterp
- Section Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen-University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip J Barter
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatiha Tabet
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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17
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Apolipoprotein A-I enhances insulin-dependent and insulin-independent glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1350. [PMID: 30718702 PMCID: PMC6362284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38014-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions that increase plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I levels have been reported to reduce plasma glucose levels and attenuate insulin resistance. The present study asks if this is a direct effect of increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle. Incubation of primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSKMCs) with apoA-I increased insulin-dependent and insulin–independent glucose uptake in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. The increased glucose uptake was accompanied by enhanced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), the serine/threonine kinase Akt and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). Cell surface levels of the glucose transporter type 4, GLUT4, were also increased. The apoA-I-mediated increase in glucose uptake by HSKMCs was dependent on phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, the ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1). Taken together, these results establish that apoA-I increases glucose disposal in skeletal muscle by activating the IR/IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/AS160 signal transduction pathway. The findings suggest that therapeutic agents that increase apoA-I levels may improve glycemic control in people with type 2 diabetes.
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18
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Barter PJ, Cochran BJ, Rye KA. CETP inhibition, statins and diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:143-146. [PMID: 30278356 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a causal risk factor for the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). While treatment with a statin reduces the risk of having an ASCVD event in all people, including those with type-2 diabetes, statin treatment also increases the likelihood of new onset diabetes when given to those with risk factors for developing diabetes. Treatment with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitor, anacetrapib, reduces the risk of having a coronary event over and above that achieved with a statin. However, unlike statins, anacetrapib decreases the risk of developing diabetes. If the reduced risk of new-onset diabetes is confirmed in another CETP inhibitor outcome trial, there will be a case for considering the use of the combination of a statin plus a CETP inhibitor in high ASCVD-risk people who are also at increased risk of developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Barter
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Blake J Cochran
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australia
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19
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Domingo-Espín J, Nilsson O, Bernfur K, Del Giudice R, Lagerstedt JO. Site-specific glycations of apolipoprotein A-I lead to differentiated functional effects on lipid-binding and on glucose metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2822-2834. [PMID: 29802959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged hyperglycemia in poorly controlled diabetes leads to an increase in reactive glucose metabolites that covalently modify proteins by non-enzymatic glycation reactions. Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is one of the proteins that becomes glycated in hyperglycemia. The impact of glycation on apoA-I protein structure and function in lipid and glucose metabolism were investigated. ApoA-I was chemically glycated by two different glucose metabolites (methylglyoxal and glycolaldehyde). Synchrotron radiation and conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study apoA-I structure and stability. The ability to bind lipids was measured by lipid-clearance assay and native gel analysis, and cholesterol efflux was measured by using lipid-laden J774 macrophages. Diet induced obese mice with established insulin resistance, L6 rat and C2C12 mouse myocytes, as well as INS-1E rat insulinoma cells, were used to determine in vivo and in vitro glucose uptake and insulin secretion. Site-specific, covalent modifications of apoA-I (lysines or arginines) led to altered protein structure, reduced lipid binding capability and a reduced ability to catalyze cholesterol efflux from macrophages, partly in a modification-specific manner. The stimulatory effects of apoA-I on the in vivo glucose clearance were negatively affected when apoA-I was modified with methylglyoxal, but not with glycolaldehyde. The in vitro data showed that both glucose uptake in muscle cells and insulin secretion from beta cells were affected. Taken together, glycation modifications impair the apoA-I protein functionality in lipid and glucose metabolism, which is expected to have implications for diabetes patients with poorly controlled blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Domingo-Espín
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oktawia Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Katja Bernfur
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rita Del Giudice
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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20
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Shrestha S, Wu BJ, Guiney L, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein and its inhibitors. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:772-783. [PMID: 29487091 PMCID: PMC5928430 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r082735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the cholesterol in plasma is in an esterified form that is generated in potentially cardioprotective HDLs. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) mediates bidirectional transfers of cholesteryl esters (CEs) and triglycerides (TGs) between plasma lipoproteins. Because CE originates in HDLs and TG enters the plasma as a component of VLDLs, activity of CETP results in a net mass transfer of CE from HDLs to VLDLs and LDLs, and of TG from VLDLs to LDLs and HDLs. As inhibition of CETP activity increases the concentration of HDL-cholesterol and decreases the concentration of VLDL- and LDL-cholesterol, it has the potential to reduce atherosclerotic CVD. This has led to the development of anti-CETP neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and antisense oligonucleotides. Small molecule inhibitors of CETP have also been developed and four of them have been studied in large scale cardiovascular clinical outcome trials. This review describes the structure of CETP and its mechanism of action. Details of its regulation and nonlipid transporting functions are discussed, and the results of the large scale clinical outcome trials of small molecule CETP inhibitors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudichhya Shrestha
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben J Wu
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liam Guiney
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip J Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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21
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Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectroscopy reveals structural divergences in HDL-bound apoA-I variants. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13540. [PMID: 29051568 PMCID: PMC5648894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) provides cardiovascular protection. Synchrotron radiation circular dichroism (SRCD) spectroscopy was used to analyze the dynamic solution structure of the apoA-I protein in the apo- and HDL-states and the protein structure conversion in HDL formation. Wild-type apoA-I protein was compared to human variants that either are protective (R173C, Milano) or lead to increased risk for ischaemic heart disease (A164S). Comparable secondary structure distributions in the HDL particles, including significant levels of beta strand/turn, were observed. ApoA-I Milano in HDL displayed larger size heterogeneity, increased protein flexibility, and an altered lipid-binding profile, whereas the apoA-I A164S in HDL showed decrease thermal stability, potentially linking the intrinsic HDL propensities of the variants to disease risk.
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22
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Heywood SE, Richart AL, Henstridge DC, Alt K, Kiriazis H, Zammit C, Carey AL, Kammoun HL, Delbridge LM, Reddy M, Chen YC, Du XJ, Hagemeyer CE, Febbraio MA, Siebel AL, Kingwell BA. High-density lipoprotein delivered after myocardial infarction increases cardiac glucose uptake and function in mice. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:9/411/eaam6084. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Ko KY, Wu YW, Liu CW, Cheng MF, Yen RF, Yang WS. Longitudinal evaluation of myocardial glucose metabolism and contractile function in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice using small-animal dynamic 18F-FDG PET and echocardiography. Oncotarget 2017; 8:87795-87808. [PMID: 29152121 PMCID: PMC5675673 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate sequential changes of myocardial glucose utilization and LV systolic function in db/db mice. Eight db/db and eight wild-type mice underwent plasma substrate analysis and dynamic 18F-FDG PET at week 8 (W8), W10, W12, W14, and W16. 18F-FDG uptake constant Ki and the rate of myocardial glucose uptake (MRGlu) were derived via Patlak graphic analysis. Another 8 db/db and 8 wild-type mice received echocardiography at W8, W12, and W16 and LV structure and function were measured. The db/db mice showed increased weights and glucose levels as they aged. The index of homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, insulin, and free fatty acid concentrations were higher in db/db mice compared with wild-type. MRGlu of db/db mice across all time points was markedly higher than that of wild-type. An age-dependent elevation of MRGlu was observed in db/db mice. Ki and MRGlu of db/db mice showed negative correlation with triglyceride levels. When two groups were pooled together, Ki and MRGlu were significantly proportional to glucose levels. No significant difference in LV structure and function was noted between db/db and control mice. In conclusion, we demonstrated altered myocardial glucose utilization preceding the onset of LV systolic dysfunction in db/db mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Yin Ko
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Wen Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wei Liu
- Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Songshan Branch, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Fang Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Fang Yen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine and Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics & Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,R & D Branch Office, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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24
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Cochran BJ, Ryder WJ, Parmar A, Klaeser K, Reilhac A, Angelis GI, Meikle SR, Barter PJ, Rye KA. Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28518081 DOI: 10.3791/55184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). Impaired uptake and metabolism of glucose in multiple organ systems due to insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. The ability of this technique to extract an image-derived input function from the vena cava using an iterative deconvolution method eliminates the requirement of the collection of arterial blood samples. Fitting of tissue and vena cava time activity curves to a two-tissue, three compartment model permits the estimation of kinetic micro-parameters related to the 18F-FDG uptake from the plasma to the intracellular space, the rate of transport from intracellular space to plasma and the rate of 18F-FDG phosphorylation. This methodology allows for multiple measures of glucose uptake and metabolism kinetics in the context of longitudinal studies and also provides insights into the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia;
| | - William J Ryder
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Concord Hospital; National Imaging Facility, University of Sydney; Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | | | - Kerstin Klaeser
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | | | - Georgios I Angelis
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Steven R Meikle
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Philip J Barter
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney
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