1
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Gao D, Zhang C, Chen Q, Cao Z, Li P, Zhou G, Xu H, Xu B, Wang Z. Association between dietary fatty acids and urinary incontinence. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28595. [PMID: 38571581 PMCID: PMC10988052 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary nutrient intake contributes to urination; however, the association between dietary nutrient intake, especially that of fat, and urinary incontinence (UI) is not well understood. The most common types of UI include stress UI (SUI) and urgency UI (UUI). Objective To investigate the potential effect(s) of dietary fat intake on UI and explore its mechanism of action in relation to body mass index (BMI). Methods A cross-sectional survey of data from 15,121 individuals (20-85 years of age) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2001-2008), a random population-based sample, was performed. Data regarding dietary nutrient intake were collected through 24 h dietary recall interviews. UI and covariate data were collected through in-person interviews. UI was assessed according to the American Urological Association Symptom Index. The odds ratio (OR) for SUI and UUI were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. The mediation effect was estimated using observational mediation analysis. Results Higher total fat intake was positively associated with increased odds for developing UI (OR 1.44 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.93]). Females who consumed more saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were more likely to develop SUI. BMI partially explained the association between total fat, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA and SUI; the proportions of the mediation effect of BMI were 14.7%, 13.0%, 18.7%, and 16.3%, respectively. Conclusions Results of this study emphasize the key role of dietary fat intake in the prevalence of UI. Higher fat intake was positively associated with UI and BMI partially mediated the effect of fat intake on SUI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajun Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Caoxu Zhang
- The Core Laboratory in Medical Center of Clinical Research, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Peizhang Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | | | - Huan Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200011, China
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2
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Salamone D, Annuzzi G, Vessby B, Rivellese AA, Bozzetto L, Costabile G, Hermansen K, Uusitupa M, Meyer BJ, Riccardi G. Fatty acid composition of cholesterol esters reflects dietary fat intake after dietary interventions in a multinational population. J Clin Lipidol 2023; 17:466-474. [PMID: 37263854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2023.05.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of different dietary fatty acids (FA) on cardiovascular risk still needs clarification. Plasma lipids composition may be a biomarker of FA dietary intake. PURPOSE To evaluate in a composite population the relationships between changes in dietary fat intake and changes in FA levels in serum cholesterol esters. METHODS In a multinational, parallel-design, dietary intervention (KANWU study), dietary intakes (3-day food record) and FA composition of serum cholesterol esters (gas-liquid chromatography) were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months in 162 healthy individuals, randomly assigned to a diet containing a high proportion of saturated (SFA) or monounsaturated (MUFA) fat, with a second random assignment to fish oil or placebo supplements. RESULTS Main differences in serum lipid composition after the two diets included saturated (especially myristic, C14:0, and pentadecanoic, C15:0) and monounsaturated (oleic acid, C18:1 n-9) FA. C14:0 and C15:0 were related to SFA intake, while C18:1 n-9 was associated with MUFA intake. Fish oil supplementation induced a marked increase in eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 n-3) acids. After the 3-month intervention, Δ-9 desaturase activity, calculated as palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (C16:1/C16:0) ratio, was more reduced after the MUFA (0.31±0.10 vs 0.25±0.09, p<0.0001) than SFA diet (0.31±0.09 vs 0.29±0.08, p=0.006), with a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that serum cholesterol ester FA composition can be used during randomized controlled trials as an objective indicator of adherence to experimental diets based on saturated and monounsaturated fat modifications, as well as fish oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Salamone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Bengt Vessby
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Angela A Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy; Task Force on Microbiome Studies, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Kjeld Hermansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Barbara J Meyer
- School of Medical, Indigenous and Health Sciences and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
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3
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Differential Effects of Dietary White Meat and Red Meat on NAFLD Progression by Modulating Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6908934. [PMID: 36035222 PMCID: PMC9410827 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6908934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To assess the effects of dietary white meat (grass carp and chicken) and red meat (pork and beef) on metabolic parameters, including the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites (SCFAs and bile acids) in NAFLD rats induced by high-fat diet. Methods. NAFLD rats were randomly assigned to five groups: NAFLD group, grass carp group, chicken group, pork group, and beef group (10 rats in each group), and these rats were fed for 8 weeks using the high-fat diet, grass carp-based diet, chicken-based diet, pork-based diet, and beef-based diet, respectively. At the end of the intervention, NAFLD-related metabolic indexes, intestinal flora, and its metabolites were measured. Results. The grass carp-based diet significantly improved hepatic pathological changes and glycolipid metabolism, and the chicken-based diet only partially improved the metabolic parameters. However, NAFLD progression was observed in the pork group and the beef group. What is more, the white meat-based diet-mediated changes in the enrichment of beneficial bacteria (such as Lactobacillus or Akkermansia), SCFAs, and unconjugated BAs (such as UDCA) and the depletion of pathogenic bacteria (such as Bilophila and Prevotella_9) and conjugated BAs were observed, while the red meat-based diet-induced changes in the enrichment of pathogenic bacteria (Prevotella_9 or Lachnospiraceae_UCG-010) and conjugated BAs and the depletion of SCFAs and unconjugated BAs were found. Conclusion. The dietary white meat and red meat modulating gut microbiota and its metabolites may favor and aggravate NAFLD in rats, respectively.
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Changes in Biomarkers of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) upon Access to Avocados in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Secondary Data Analysis of a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132744. [PMID: 35807924 PMCID: PMC9268862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health concern and Hispanic/Latinos are disproportionately affected. There is evidence for favorable effects of dietary intake of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) on NAFLD, yet studies examining avocados as a source of MUFA on hepatic function have not been assessed. We investigated the effects of low (3) vs. high (14) avocado allotment on biomarkers of NAFLD, oxidative stress, and NAFLD fibrosis score in a sample of Hispanic/Latino adults. Primary outcomes include hepatic function biomarkers [gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP), and NAFLD fibrosis score]. Unpaired, two-sided t-tests were used to assess mean differences between intervention groups at 6 months and analysis of covariance models were used to adjust for diet quality and change in avocado intake from baseline to 6 months. Multivariable linear regression models evaluated the baseline and post-intervention association between avocado allotment group and outcomes, adjusting for covariates and stratifying by prediabetes status. No statistically significant differences were observed between low and high avocado allotment groups in liver enzymes, GGT, hsCRP or NAFLD fibrosis score. Findings persisted after stratifying by prediabetes status. Varied intake of avocados resulted in no effects on biomarkers of NAFLD in healthy adults, free of severe chronic disease.
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5
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Reduction of De Novo Lipogenesis Mediates Beneficial Effects of Isoenergetic Diets on Fatty Liver: Mechanistic Insights from the MEDEA Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102178. [PMID: 35631319 PMCID: PMC9143579 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic liver steatosis (NAS) results from an imbalance between hepatic lipid storage, disposal, and partitioning. A multifactorial diet high in fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), polyphenols, and vitamins D, E, and C reduces NAS in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) by 40% compared to a MUFA-rich diet. We evaluated whether dietary effects on NAS are mediated by changes in hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD1) activity, and/or β-oxidation. METHODS According to a randomized parallel group study design, 37 individuals with T2D completed an 8-week isocaloric intervention with a MUFA diet (n = 20) or multifactorial diet (n = 17). Before and after the intervention, liver fat content was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, serum triglyceride fatty acid concentrations measured by gas chromatography, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate by enzymatic method, and DNL and SCD-1 activity assessed by calculating the palmitic acid/linoleic acid (C16:0/C18:2 n6) and palmitoleic acid/palmitic acid (C16:1/C16:0) ratios, respectively. RESULTS Compared to baseline, mean ± SD DNL significantly decreased after the multifactorial diet (2.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5, p = 0.0001) but did not change after the MUFA diet (1.9 ± 1.1 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.949), with a significant difference between the two interventions (p = 0.004). The mean SCD-1 activity also decreased after the multifactorial diet (0.13 ± 0.05 vs. 0.10 ± 0.03; p = 0.001), but with no significant difference between interventions (p = 0.205). Fasting plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations did not change significantly after the MUFA or multifactorial diet. Changes in the DNL index significantly and positively correlated with changes in liver fat (r = 0.426; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in multiple beneficial dietary components (fiber, polyphenols, MUFAs, PUFAs, and other antioxidants) compared to a diet rich only in MUFAs further reduces liver fat accumulation through the inhibition of DNL. Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov no. NCT03380416.
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6
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Yki-Järvinen H, Luukkonen PK, Hodson L, Moore JB. Dietary carbohydrates and fats in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:770-786. [PMID: 34257427 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00472-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has dramatically increased in parallel with the epidemic of obesity. Controversy has emerged around dietary guidelines recommending low-fat-high-carbohydrate diets and the roles of dietary macronutrients in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. In this Review, the topical questions of whether and how dietary fats and carbohydrates, including free sugars, differentially influence the accumulation of liver fat (specifically, intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content) are addressed. Focusing on evidence from humans, we examine data from stable isotope studies elucidating how macronutrients regulate IHTG synthesis and disposal, alter pools of bioactive lipids and influence insulin sensitivity. In addition, we review cross-sectional studies on dietary habits of patients with NAFLD and randomized controlled trials on the effects of altering dietary macronutrients on IHTG. Perhaps surprisingly, evidence to date shows no differential effects between free sugars, with both glucose and fructose increasing IHTG in the context of excess energy. Moreover, saturated fat raises IHTG more than polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats, with adverse effects on insulin sensitivity, which are probably mediated in part by increased ceramide synthesis. Taken together, the data support the use of diets that have a reduced content of free sugars, refined carbohydrates and saturated fat in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannele Yki-Järvinen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Panu K Luukkonen
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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7
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Bozzetto L, Polito R, Nigro E, Prinster A, Della Pepa G, Costabile G, Vetrani C, Vitale M, Daniele A, Rivellese AA, Annuzzi G. Dietary influence on adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13548. [PMID: 33797089 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we evaluate the effects of a diet rich in low-glycaemic index carbohydrates and fibre (CHO/Fibre diet) or monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA diet), on fasting and postprandial adiponectin concentrations and their relationship with the beneficial effects of the experimental diets on postprandial glucose metabolism and liver fat in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Fasting and postprandial adiponectin plasma concentrations were measured before and after dietary interventions in the participants to a randomized controlled trial (NCT01025856), wherein 37 men and 8 women with T2D, aged 35-70 years, followed a CHO/Fibre diet or a MUFA diet for an 8-week period. Hepatic fat content by 1 H NMR and fasting and postprandial plasma glucose and insulin measurements were also available. RESULTS Fasting adiponectin plasma levels did not change after both diets. Postprandial adiponectin significantly increased after the CHO/fibre diet (9.9 ± 1.6 μg/mL vs. 10.8 ± 2.3 μg/mL; P = .033) but not after the MUFA diet (10.6 ± 1.8 μg/mL vs. 10.6 ± 1.6 μg/mL; P = .935) with a significant difference between changes (P = .035). In the combined CHO/Fibre and MUFA groups, fasting and postprandial adiponectin significantly and inversely correlated with postprandial insulin iAUC at baseline and after intervention, and with liver fat content after intervention. CONCLUSIONS A diet rich in CHO/Fibre increased postprandial plasma adiponectin significantly more than a MUFA diet in patients with T2D. Independently of diet, adiponectin levels associated with postprandial insulin concentrations. The dietary interventions modulated the relationship between adiponectin and liver fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Prinster
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Costabile
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Aurora Daniele
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Naples, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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8
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Yahay M, Heidari Z, Allameh Z, Amani R. The effects of canola and olive oils consumption compared to sunflower oil, on lipid profile and hepatic steatosis in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:7. [PMID: 33514384 PMCID: PMC7844999 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies and metabolic disorders in women during their reproductive years. It is often associated with dyslipidemia and other risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study was aimed to evaluate dietary intervention effects with canola and olive oils compared to sunflower oil on lipid profile and fatty liver severity among women with PCOS. METHOD This study was a 10-week intervention including 72 women with PCOS. Patients were randomly assigned to three groups for receiving 25 g/day canola, olive, or sunflower oils for 10 weeks. The primary and secondary outcomes were to assess changes in lipid profile and in fatty liver severity, respectively. RESULT At the end of the study, 72 patients with a mean age of 29.31 were analysed. Canola oil consumption resulted in a significant reduction in serum levels of TG (P = 0.002) and TC/HDL (P = 0.021), LDL/HDL (P = 0.047), and TG/HDL (P = 0.001) ratios, however, there was no significant reduction in lipid profile following olive oil consumption. Canola (P < 0.001) and olive oils (P = 0.005) could significantly reduce the fatty liver grade. Moreover, HOMA-IR in both canola (P < 0.001) and olive (P = 0.004) groups was significantly decreased. CONCLUSION In total, compared to olive and sunflower oils, significant improvements in lipid profile, liver function, and HOMA-IR were observed following canola oil consumption in women with PCOS. TRIAL REGISTRATION IR.MUI. RESEARCH REC.1397.315. Registered 30 JUNE 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.irct.ir/trial/38684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Yahay
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Heidari
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Allameh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Amani
- Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. .,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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9
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Zou J, Xu M, Zou Y, Yang B. Chemical compositions and sensory characteristics of pork rib and Silkie chicken soups prepared by various cooking techniques. Food Chem 2020; 345:128755. [PMID: 33302100 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Meat soup is an important diet with desirable taste and abundant nutrients. Unveiling the chemical composition of soup will help to understand the health effects. In this work, pork ribs and Silkie chicken were used to prepare soups by boiling, steaming and four-stage stewing, respectively. The chemical composition and sensory qualities of these soups were obviously influenced by the cooking technique. Silkie chicken and pork rib soups prepared by four-stage stewing technique had particle size smaller than 850 nm, smaller chromatic aberration, higher stability, higher levels of free amino acids, lower levels of fat and total triglycerides than the other two techniques. More abundant flavor and taste characteristics were also detected. The high temperature boiling technique could promote the accumulation of the mineral elements in soup. According to healthy and sensory concerns, stewing was the best choice for preparing soups of pork rib and Silkie chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yifan Zou
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Bao Yang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China.
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10
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de Sousa IF, Pedroso AP, de Andrade IS, Boldarine VT, Tashima AK, Oyama LM, Lionetti L, Ribeiro EB. High-fat but not normal-fat intake of extra virgin olive oil modulates the liver proteome of mice. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1375-1388. [PMID: 32712699 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02323-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The metabolic benefits of the Mediterranean diet have been largely attributed to its olive oil content. Whether the ingested fat amount is relevant to these effects is not clear. We thus compared the effects of high-fat and normal-fat intake of extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the liver proteome. METHODS Three groups of mice were fed for 12 weeks with either normal-fat diets containing either soybean oil (control, C) or EVOO (NO) or a high-fat EVOO diet (HO). Body weight and food intake were measured weekly and serum parameters were analyzed. The liver was processed for data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry-based proteomics. The differentially expressed proteins among the groups were submitted to pathway enrichment analysis. RESULTS The consumption of HO diet reduced food intake and serum triglycerides, while it preserved body weight gain, adiposity, and glycemia. However, it increased serum cholesterol and liver mass. The proteomic analysis showed 98 altered proteins, which were allocated in 27 significantly enriched pathways. The pathway analysis suggested stimulation of mitochondrial and peroxissomal β-oxidation, and inhibition of lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis in the HO group. Although the NO group failed to show significant liver proteome alterations, it presented reduced body fat, body weight gain, and serum triglycerides and glucose levels. CONCLUSION The data indicate that the intake of the HO diet induced hepatic adjustments, which were partially successful in counteracting the detrimental outcomes of a high-fat feeding. Contrastingly, the NO diet had beneficial effects which were not accompanied by significant modifications on hepatic proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isy F de Sousa
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
- Dipartimento Di Chimica E Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università Degli Studi Di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Amanda P Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Iracema S de Andrade
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Valter T Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Alexandre K Tashima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lila M Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Dipartimento Di Chimica E Biologia "Adolfo Zambelli", Università Degli Studi Di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Eliane B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil.
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11
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Fougerat A, Montagner A, Loiseau N, Guillou H, Wahli W. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Their Novel Ligands as Candidates for the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E1638. [PMID: 32650421 PMCID: PMC7408116 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, frequently associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Steatosis is the initial stage of the disease, which is characterized by lipid accumulation in hepatocytes, which can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with inflammation and various levels of fibrosis that further increase the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is influenced by interactions between genetic and environmental factors and involves several biological processes in multiple organs. No effective therapy is currently available for the treatment of NAFLD. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors that regulate many functions that are disturbed in NAFLD, including glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as inflammation. Thus, they represent relevant clinical targets for NAFLD. In this review, we describe the determinants and mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of NAFLD, its progression and complications, as well as the current therapeutic strategies that are employed. We also focus on the complementary and distinct roles of PPAR isotypes in many biological processes and on the effects of first-generation PPAR agonists. Finally, we review novel and safe PPAR agonists with improved efficacy and their potential use in the treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Fougerat
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Alexandra Montagner
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, UMR1048 Toulouse, France
| | - Nicolas Loiseau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Hervé Guillou
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
| | - Walter Wahli
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRAE), ToxAlim, UMR1331 Toulouse, France; (A.M.); (N.L.); (H.G.)
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Clinical Sciences Building, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore
- Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Le Génopode, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Sarabhai T, Kahl S, Szendroedi J, Markgraf DF, Zaharia OP, Barosa C, Herder C, Wickrath F, Bobrov P, Hwang JH, Jones JG, Roden M. Monounsaturated fat rapidly induces hepatic gluconeogenesis and whole-body insulin resistance. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134520. [PMID: 32434996 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDWhile saturated fat intake leads to insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver, Mediterranean-like diets enriched in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) may have beneficial effects. This study examined effects of MUFA on tissue-specific insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism.METHODSA randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study enrolled 16 glucose-tolerant volunteers to receive either oil (OIL, ~1.18 g/kg), rich in MUFA, or vehicle (VCL, water) on 2 occasions. Insulin sensitivity was assessed during preclamp and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp conditions. Ingestion of 2H2O/acetaminophen was combined with [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion and in vivo 13C/31P/1H/ex vivo 2H-magnet resonance spectroscopy to quantify hepatic glucose and energy fluxes.RESULTSOIL increased plasma triglycerides and oleic acid concentrations by 44% and 66% compared with VCL. Upon OIL intervention, preclamp hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity markedly decreased by 28% and 27%, respectively, along with 61% higher rates of hepatic gluconeogenesis and 32% lower rates of net glycogenolysis, while hepatic triglyceride and ATP concentrations did not differ from VCL. During insulin stimulation hepatic and whole-body insulin sensitivity were reduced by 21% and 25%, respectively, after OIL ingestion compared with that in controls.CONCLUSIONA single MUFA-load suffices to induce insulin resistance but affects neither hepatic triglycerides nor energy-rich phosphates. These data indicate that amount of ingested fat, rather than its composition, primarily determines the development of acute insulin resistance.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT01736202.FUNDINGGerman Diabetes Center, German Federal Ministry of Health, Ministry of Culture and Science of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, German Diabetes Association, German Center for Diabetes Research, Portugal Foundation for Science and Technology, European Regional Development Fund, and Rede Nacional de Ressonancia Magnética Nuclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresia Sarabhai
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel F Markgraf
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cristina Barosa
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christian Herder
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frithjof Wickrath
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jong-Hee Hwang
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John Griffith Jones
- Centre for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, UC Biotech, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Portuguese Diabetes Association, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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13
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Della Pepa G, Vetrani C, Brancato V, Vitale M, Monti S, Annuzzi G, Lombardi G, Izzo A, Tommasone M, Cipriano P, Clemente G, Mirabelli P, Mancini M, Salvatore M, Riccardi G, Rivellese AA, Bozzetto L. Effects of a multifactorial ecosustainable isocaloric diet on liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: randomized clinical trial. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e001342. [PMID: 32448788 PMCID: PMC7252961 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are still a matter of debate. We compared the effects of a diet including different components versus a proven beneficial diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on liver fat in T2D. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS According to a parallel design, 49 individuals with T2D, overweight/obese, with high waist circumference, 35-75 years-old, in satisfactory blood glucose control with diet or drugs not affecting liver fat content, were randomly assigned to an 8-week isocaloric intervention with a MUFA diet (n=26) or a multifactorial diet rich in fiber, MUFA, n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and vitamins D, E, and C (n=23). Before and after the intervention, liver fat content was evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). 1H-MRS complete data were available for n=21 (MUFA diet) and n=18 (multifactorial diet) participants. RESULTS Adherence to dietary interventions was optimal. No significant differences between groups in body weight reduction, plasma glycated hemoglobin, insulin, glucose, lipids and liver enzymes were observed. Liver fat significantly decreased after both the multifactorial diet (9.18%±7.78% vs 5.22%±4.80%, p=0.003) and the MUFA diet (9.47%±8.89% vs 8.07%±8.52%, p=0.027) with a statistically significant difference between changes either in absolute terms (-4.0%±4.5% vs -1.4%±2.7%, p=0.035) or percent (-40%±33% vs -19%±25%, p=0.030). CONCLUSIONS An isocaloric multifactorial diet including several beneficial dietary components induced a clinically relevant reduction of liver fat in patients with T2D, more pronounced than that induced by simply replacing saturated fat with MUFA. This suggests that the 'optimal diet' for NAFLD treatment in T2D should be based on synergic actions of different dietary components on multiple pathophysiological pathways. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03380416.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Claudia Vetrani
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Serena Monti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lombardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Anna Izzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Marianna Tommasone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Paola Cipriano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Gennaro Clemente
- Institute for Research on Population and Social Policies, National Research Council, Fisciano, Italy
| | | | - Marcello Mancini
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele Riccardi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II School of Medicine and Surgery, Napoli, Campania, Italy
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14
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Aron-Wisnewsky J, Warmbrunn MV, Nieuwdorp M, Clément K. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Modulating Gut Microbiota to Improve Severity? Gastroenterology 2020; 158:1881-1898. [PMID: 32044317 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases, which include nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases, through the gut-liver axis. To date, clinical guidelines recommend a weight loss goal of 7%-10% to improve features of nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases. Because this target is not easily achieved by all patients, alternative therapeutic options are currently being evaluated. This review focuses on therapeutics that aim to modulate the gut microbiota and the gut-liver axis. We discuss how probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotic, fecal microbiota transfer, polyphenols, specific diets, and exercise interventions have been found to modify gut microbiota signatures; improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease outcomes; and detail, when available, the different mechanisms by which these beneficial outcomes might occur. Apart from probiotics that have already been tested in human randomized controlled trials, most of these potential therapeutics have been studied in animals. Their efficacy still warrants confirmation in humans using appropriate design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Aron-Wisnewsky
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS U1269, Nutriomics Research Unit, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile de France, Paris, France; Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Moritz V Warmbrunn
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam Medical Center, Free University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMRS U1269, Nutriomics Research Unit, Paris, France; Nutrition Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Ile de France, Paris, France.
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15
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Dong Y, Lu H, Li Q, Qi X, Li Y, Zhang Z, Chen J, Ren J. (5R)-5-hydroxytriptolide ameliorates liver lipid accumulation by suppressing lipid synthesis and promoting lipid oxidation in mice. Life Sci 2019; 232:116644. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Gepner Y, Shelef I, Komy O, Cohen N, Schwarzfuchs D, Bril N, Rein M, Serfaty D, Kenigsbuch S, Zelicha H, Yaskolka Meir A, Tene L, Bilitzky A, Tsaban G, Chassidim Y, Sarusy B, Ceglarek U, Thiery J, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Stampfer MJ, Rudich A, Shai I. The beneficial effects of Mediterranean diet over low-fat diet may be mediated by decreasing hepatic fat content. J Hepatol 2019; 71:379-388. [PMID: 31075323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM It is unclear if a reduction in hepatic fat content (HFC) is a major mediator of the cardiometabolic benefit of lifestyle intervention, and whether it has prognostic significance beyond the loss of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). In the present sub-study, we hypothesized that HFC loss in response to dietary interventions induces specific beneficial effects independently of VAT changes. METHODS In an 18-month weight-loss trial, 278 participants with abdominal obesity/dyslipidemia were randomized to low-fat (LF) or Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate (MED/LC + 28 g walnuts/day) diets with/without moderate physical activity. HFC and abdominal fat-depots were measured using magnetic resonance imaging at baseline, after 6 (sub-study, n = 158) and 18 months. RESULTS Of 278 participants (mean HFC 10.2% [range: 0.01%-50.4%]), the retention rate was 86.3%. The %HFC substantially decreased after 6 months (-6.6% absolute units [-41% relatively]) and 18 months (-4.0% absolute units [-29% relatively]; p <0.001 vs. baseline). Reductions of HFC were associated with decreases in VAT beyond weight loss. After controlling for VAT loss, decreased %HFC remained independently associated with reductions in serum gamma glutamyltransferase and alanine aminotransferase, circulating chemerin, and glycated hemoglobin (p <0.05). While the reduction in HFC was similar between physical activity groups, MED/LC induced a greater %HFC decrease (p = 0.036) and greater improvements in cardiometabolic risk parameters (p <0.05) than the LF diet, even after controlling for VAT changes. Yet, the greater improvements in cardiometabolic risk parameters induced by MED/LC were all markedly attenuated when controlling for HFC changes. CONCLUSIONS %HFC is substantially reduced by diet-induced moderate weight loss and is more effectively reduced by the MED/LC diet than the LF diet, independently of VAT changes. The beneficial effects of the MED/LC diet on specific cardiometabolic parameters appear to be mediated more by decreases in %HFC than VAT loss. LAY SUMMARY High hepatic fat content is associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary heart disease. In the CENTRAL 18-month intervention trial, a Mediterranean/low-carbohydrate diet induced a greater decrease in hepatic fat content than a low-fat diet, conferring beneficial health effects that were beyond the favorable effects of visceral fat loss. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01530724.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yftach Gepner
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Ilan Shelef
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Oded Komy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noa Cohen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dan Schwarzfuchs
- Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Nuclear Research Center-Negev, Dimona, Israel
| | - Nitzan Bril
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Michal Rein
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Dana Serfaty
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shira Kenigsbuch
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Hila Zelicha
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anat Yaskolka Meir
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilac Tene
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avital Bilitzky
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Gal Tsaban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Uta Ceglarek
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Meir J Stampfer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Iris Shai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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17
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Abenavoli L, Milanović M, Milić N, Luzza F, Giuffrè AM. Olive oil antioxidants and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:739-749. [PMID: 31215262 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1634544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is estimated to affect 25% of adult people worldwide. Nowadays, there is no definite treatment for NAFLD. International guidelines define an approach based on lifestyle changes, included a health alimentary regimen. The Mediterranean diet (MD) represents the gold standard in preventive medicine, probably due to the harmonic combination of many elements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Its prescription is also recommended in patients with NAFLD. Olive oil, as part of MD, is associated with benefits on human health especially regarding the cardiovascular system, obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Areas covered: An overview of the beneficial effects of olive oil in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD is given. Expert opinion: A large body of evidence emphasizes that olive oil, used as primary source of fat in MD, may play a crucial role in the health benefits of NAFLD patients. However, there are still scarce clinical data that evaluate the direct effect of olive oil in human with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- a Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Maja Milanović
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Nataša Milić
- b Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, University of Novi Sad , Novi Sad , Serbia
| | - Francesco Luzza
- a Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" , Catanzaro , Italy
| | - Angelo Maria Giuffrè
- c Department of Agricultural, University "Mediterranea" , Reggio, Calabria , Italy
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18
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Bosy-Westphal A, Braun W, Albrecht V, Müller MJ. Determinants of ectopic liver fat in metabolic disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:209-214. [PMID: 30323174 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0323-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Common obesity-associated hepatic steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)) and insulin resistance are mainly caused by dysfunctional adipose tissue. This adipose tissue dysfunction leads to increased delivery of NEFA and glycerol to the liver that (i) drives hepatic gluconeogenesis and (ii) facilitates the accumulation of lipids and insulin signaling inhibiting lipid intermediates. Dysfunctional adipose tissue can be caused by impaired lipid storage (overflow hypothesis, characterized by large visceral adipocytes) or increased lipolysis (due to impaired postprandial suppression of lipolysis in inflamed, insulin-resistant adipocytes). In line with the adipose tissue expandability hypothesis the amount and distribution of adipose tissue correlate with its dysfunction and thus with liver fat. This relationship is however modified by endocrine effects on lipid storage and lipolysis as well as dietary effects on hepatic lipogenesis and lipid oxidation. The association between body composition characteristics like visceral obesity or fat cell size and ectopic liver fat is modified by these influences. Phenotyping obesity according to metabolic risk should integrate body composition characteristics, endocrine parameters and information on diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Wiebke Braun
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Viktoria Albrecht
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred J Müller
- Institute for Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Rezaei S, Akhlaghi M, Sasani MR, Barati Boldaji R. Olive oil lessened fatty liver severity independent of cardiometabolic correction in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized clinical trial. Nutrition 2018; 57:154-161. [PMID: 30170304 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Olive oil has health benefits for the correction of metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate the effect of olive oil consumption on the severity of fatty liver and cardiometabolic markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS This randomized, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 66 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Patients were divided to receive either olive or sunflower oil, each 20 g/d for 12 wk. A hypocaloric diet (-500 kcal/d) was recommended to all participants. Fatty liver grade, liver enzymes, anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, serum lipid profile, glucose, insulin, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, and interleukin-6 were assessed pre- and postintervention. RESULTS Fatty liver grade, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure significantly decreased in both groups. Sunflower oil significantly reduced serum aspartate and alanine aminotransferases and olive oil only decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase. Fat-free mass and skeletal muscle mass significantly reduced after the consumption of sunflower oil and serum triacylglycerols and fat mass significantly declined after the ingestion of olive oil. Among these variables, only changes in fatty liver grade (-0.29 ± 0.46 in sunflower oil versus -0.75 ± 0.45 in olive oil; P < 0.001), skeletal muscle mass (-0.71 ± 1.36 in sunflower oil versus +0.45 ± 2.8 in olive oil; P = 0.04), and body fat percentage (+0.38 ± 5.2% in sunflower oil versus -3.4 ± 5.5% in olive oil; P = 0.04) were significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS Olive oil may alleviate the severity of fatty liver independent of correcting cardiometabolic risk factors. Low-calorie diets may benefit patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease additionally through mitigation of obesity, blood pressure, and liver enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahla Rezaei
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Akhlaghi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sasani
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Barati Boldaji
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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20
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Isocaloric Dietary Changes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High Cardiometabolic Risk Individuals. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9101065. [PMID: 28954437 PMCID: PMC5691682 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incorporates an extensive spectrum of histologic liver abnormalities, varying from simple triglyceride accumulation in hepatocytes non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and it is the most frequent chronic liver disease in the industrialized world. Beyond liver related complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is also an emerging risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Currently, lifestyle intervention including strategies to reduce body weight and to increase regular physical activity represents the mainstay of NAFLD management. Total caloric intake plays a very important role in both the development and the treatment of NAFLD; however, apart from the caloric restriction alone, modifying the quality of the diet and modulating either the macro- or micronutrient composition can also markedly affect the clinical evolution of NAFLD, offering a more realistic and feasible treatment alternative. The aim of the present review is to summarize currently available evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effects of different nutrients including carbohydrates, lipids, protein and other dietary components, in isocaloric conditions, on NAFLD in people at high cardiometabolic risk. We also describe the plausible mechanisms by which different dietary components could modulate liver fat content.
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Suárez M, Boqué N, Del Bas JM, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Arola L, Caimari A. Mediterranean Diet and Multi-Ingredient-Based Interventions for the Management of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:E1052. [PMID: 28937599 PMCID: PMC5691669 DOI: 10.3390/nu9101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) comprises a wide spectrum of hepatic disorders, from simple steatosis to hepatic necro-inflammation leading to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although the prevalence of these multifactorial pathologies is continuously increasing in the population, there is still not an established methodology for their treatment other than weight loss and a change in lifestyle habits, such as a hypocaloric diet and physical exercise. In this framework, there is increasing evidence that several food bioactives and dietary patterns are effective for reversing and preventing the onset of these pathologies. Some studies have claimed that better responses are obtained when treatments are performed under a multifaceted approach, using different bioactive compounds that act against complementary targets. Thus, in this work, current strategies for treating NAFLD and NASH based on multi-ingredient-based supplements or the Mediterranean diet, a dietary pattern rich in bioactive compounds, are reviewed. Furthermore, the usefulness of omics techniques to design effective multi-ingredient nutritional interventions and to predict and monitor their response against these disorders is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus 43204, Spain.
| | - Josep M Del Bas
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus 43204, Spain.
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus 43204, Spain.
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Campus Sescelades, Tarragona 43007, Spain.
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus 43204, Spain.
| | - Antoni Caimari
- Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Avinguda Universitat 1, Reus 43204, Spain.
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Errazuriz I, Dube S, Slama M, Visentin R, Nayar S, O’Connor H, Cobelli C, Das SK, Basu A, Kremers WK, Port J, Basu R. Randomized Controlled Trial of a MUFA or Fiber-Rich Diet on Hepatic Fat in Prediabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1765-1774. [PMID: 28323952 PMCID: PMC5443322 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and prediabetes worldwide is attributed in part to an unhealthy diet. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether 12 weeks of high monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) or fiber-rich weight-maintenance diet lowers hepatic fat and improves glucose tolerance in people with prediabetes. DESIGN Subjects underwent a [6, 6-2H2]-labeled 75-g oral glucose tolerance test to estimate hepatic insulin sensitivity and liver fat fraction (LFF) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after intervention. SETTING Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Trials Unit. PARTICIPANTS 43 subjects with prediabetes. INTERVENTION Subjects were randomized into three isocaloric weight-maintaining diets containing MUFA (olive oil), extra fiber, and standard US food (control-habitual diet). OUTCOME MEASURES LFF, glucose tolerance, and indices of insulin action and secretion. RESULTS Body weight was maintained constant in all groups during the intervention. Glucose and hormonal concentrations were similar in all groups before, and unchanged after, 12 weeks of intervention. LFF was significantly lower after intervention in the MUFA group (P < 0.0003) but remained unchanged in the fiber (P = 0.25) and control groups (P = 0.45). After 12 weeks, LFF was significantly lower in the MUFA than in the control group (P = 0.01), but fiber and control groups did not differ (P = 0.41). Indices of insulin action and secretion were not significantly different between the MUFA and control groups after intervention (P ≥ 0.11), but within-group comparison showed higher hepatic (P = 0.01) and total insulin sensitivity (P < 0.04) with MUFA. CONCLUSIONS Twelve weeks of a MUFA diet decreases hepatic fat and improves both hepatic and total insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Errazuriz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Simmi Dube
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael Slama
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Roberto Visentin
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Sunita Nayar
- Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Helen O’Connor
- Clinical Research and Trials Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Swapan Kumar Das
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109
| | - Ananda Basu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Walter Karl Kremers
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - John Port
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Rita Basu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Jung CH, Choi KM. Impact of High-Carbohydrate Diet on Metabolic Parameters in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040322. [PMID: 28338608 PMCID: PMC5409661 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whether dietary carbohydrates have beneficial or detrimental effects on cardiometabolic risk factors has drawn attention. Although a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet and a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet have gained popularity for several decades, there is scarce review focusing on the effects of HC diet on glucose, lipids and body weight in patients with T2DM. In this review, we examined recently-published literature on the effects of HC diets on metabolic parameters in T2DM. HC diets are at least as effective as LC diets, leading to significant weight loss and a reduction in plasma glucose, HbA1c and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The major concern is that HC diets may raise serum triglyceride levels and reduce high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, these untoward effects were not a persistent consequence and may be ameliorated with the consumption of a low glycemic index (GI)/low glycemic load (GL) and high fiber. Carbohydrate intake should be individualized, and low caloric intake remains a crucial factor to improve insulin sensitivity and reduce body weight; however, an HC diet, rich in fiber and with a low GI/GL, may be recommendable in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Hee Jung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon Hospital, 170 Jomaru-Ro, Wonmi-Gu, Bucheon-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 420-767, Korea.
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 80 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul 152-050, Korea.
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