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Kisely S, Arnautovska U, Siskind D, Warren N, Najman JM. Admissions for psychosis following agency-notified child maltreatment at 40-year-follow-up: Results from the Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity (CALM) cohort. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:247-253. [PMID: 38581827 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
There is substantial evidence of an association between self-reported child maltreatment (CM) and subsequent psychosis in retrospective data. Such findings may be affected by recall bias. Prospective studies of notifications to statutory agencies address recall bias but are less common and subject to attrition bias. These studies may therefore be underpowered to detect significant associations for some CM types such as sexual abuse. This study therefore linked administrative health data to a large birth cohort that included notifications to child protection agencies. We assessed psychiatric outcomes of CM as measured by inpatient admissions for non-affective psychoses (ICD10 codes F20-F29) to both public and private hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. Follow-up was up to 40 years old. There were 6087 cohort participants whose data could be linked to the administrative health data. Of these, 10.1 % had been the subject of a CM notification. Seventy-two participants (1.2 %) had been admitted for non-affective psychosis by 40-year follow-up. On adjusted analysis, all notified and substantiated types of CM were associated with admissions for non-affective psychosis. This included neglect, physical, sexual or emotional abuse, as well as notifications for multiple CM types. For instance, there was a 2.72-fold increase in admissions following any agency notification (95 % CI = 1.53-4.85). All maltreatment types therefore show a significant association with subsequent admissions for psychosis up to the age of 40. Screening for CM in individuals who present with psychosis is, therefore, indicated, as well as greater awareness that survivors of CM may be at higher risk of developing psychotic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Kisely
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Departments of Psychiatry, Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Canada; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Urska Arnautovska
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dan Siskind
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicola Warren
- Princess Alexandra Hospital Southside Clinical Unit, Greater Brisbane Clinical School, Medical School, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba 4102, Queensland, Australia; Metro South Addiction and Mental Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jake Moses Najman
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Public Health Building, Herston 4006, Queensland, Australia; School of Social Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
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Mutti G, Ait Ali L, Marotta M, Nunno S, Consigli V, Baratta S, Orsi ML, Mastorci F, Vecoli C, Pingitore A, Festa P, Costa S, Foffa I. Psychological Impact of a Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease on Parents: Is It Time for Tailored Psychological Support? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:31. [PMID: 38276657 PMCID: PMC10816578 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) represents, for both parents, a particularly stressful and traumatic life event from a psychological point of view. The present review sought to summarize the findings of the most relevant literature on the psychological impact of prenatal diagnosis of CHD on parents, describing the most common mechanisms employed in order to face this unexpected finding. We also highlight the importance of counseling and the current gaps in the effects of psychological support on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mutti
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Lamia Ait Ali
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Marco Marotta
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Silvia Nunno
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Veronica Consigli
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Stefania Baratta
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Maria Letizia Orsi
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Francesca Mastorci
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Cecilia Vecoli
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Pierluigi Festa
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Sabrina Costa
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Ilenia Foffa
- Fondazione Toscana, G. Monasterio, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy (M.M.); (V.C.); (C.V.); (P.F.); (S.C.); (I.F.)
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica CNR, Via Aurelia Sud, 54100 Massa, Italy
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Murray AL, Xie T. Engaging Adolescents in Contemporary Longitudinal Health Research: Strategies for Promoting Participation and Retention. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:9-17. [PMID: 37690009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE High (and nonselective) recruitment and retention rates in longitudinal studies of adolescence are essential for illuminating health trajectories and determinants during this critical period. Knowledge of optimal recruitment and retention strategies must keep pace with emerging challenges and opportunities, such as the shifts towards digitally-based data collection. METHODS We used a narrative review approach to synthesize research on promising recruitment and retention strategies for optimizing engagement in the next generation of longitudinal adolescent health studies. RESULTS We identified a small number of well-evidenced strategies, emerging challenges and opportunities for recruitment and retention in contemporary studies, and key evidence gaps. Core recommendations include the use of well-evidenced strategies (e.g., incentivizing participation, reducing barriers and burden, and investing in building positive relationships with participants) and coproducing recruitment and retention strategies with adolescents and parents of adolescents. DISCUSSION More research is needed into successful recruitment/retention strategies for digital/remote data collection methods, but initial evidence suggests that adopting principles and adapting well-evidenced strategies from traditional longitudinal studies is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tong Xie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
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Merritt K, Luque Laguna P, Sethi A, Drakesmith M, Ashley SA, Bloomfield M, Fonville L, Perry G, Lancaster T, Dimitriadis SI, Zammit S, Evans CJ, Lewis G, Kempton MJ, Linden DEJ, Reichenberg A, Jones DK, David AS. The impact of cumulative obstetric complications and childhood trauma on brain volume in young people with psychotic experiences. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3688-3697. [PMID: 37903876 PMCID: PMC10730393 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02295-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic experiences (PEs) occur in 5-10% of the general population and are associated with exposure to childhood trauma and obstetric complications. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear. Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), we studied 138 young people aged 20 with PEs (n = 49 suspected, n = 53 definite, n = 36 psychotic disorder) and 275 controls. Voxel-based morphometry assessed whether MRI measures of grey matter volume were associated with (i) PEs, (ii) cumulative childhood psychological trauma (weighted summary score of 6 trauma types), (iii) cumulative pre/peri-natal risk factors for psychosis (weighted summary score of 16 risk factors), and (iv) the interaction between PEs and cumulative trauma or pre/peri-natal risk. PEs were associated with smaller left posterior cingulate (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.19) and thalamus volumes (pFWE = 0.006, Z = 3.91). Cumulative pre/perinatal risk was associated with smaller left subgenual cingulate volume (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.54). A significant interaction between PEs and cumulative pre/perinatal risk found larger striatum (pFWE = 0.04, Z = 3.89) and smaller right insula volume extending into the supramarginal gyrus and superior temporal gyrus (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 4.79), specifically in those with definite PEs and psychotic disorder. Cumulative childhood trauma was associated with larger left dorsal striatum (pFWE = 0.002, Z = 3.65), right prefrontal cortex (pFWE < 0.001, Z = 4.63) and smaller left insula volume in all participants (pFWE = 0.03, Z = 3.60), and there was no interaction with PEs group. In summary, pre/peri-natal risk factors and childhood psychological trauma impact similar brain pathways, namely smaller insula and larger striatum volumes. The effect of pre/perinatal risk was greatest in those with more severe PEs, whereas effects of trauma were seen in all participants. In conclusion, environmental risk factors affect brain networks implicated in schizophrenia, which may increase an individual's propensity to develop later psychotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Merritt
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Pedro Luque Laguna
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Arjun Sethi
- Department of Forensic & Neurodevelopmental Sciences, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Drakesmith
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sarah A Ashley
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael Bloomfield
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Gavin Perry
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tom Lancaster
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Psychology, Bath University, Bath, UK
| | - Stavros I Dimitriadis
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 171, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stanley Zammit
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Bristol Medical School (PHS), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C John Evans
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Psychosis Studies Department, IOPPN, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David E J Linden
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Derek K Jones
- The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anthony S David
- Division of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University College London, London, UK
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5
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Ye B, Lau JTF, Lee HH, Yeung JCH, Mo PKH. The mediating role of resilience on the association between family satisfaction and lower levels of depression and anxiety among Chinese adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283662. [PMID: 37228075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the association between family satisfaction, resilience, and anxiety and depression among adolescents, and the mediating role of resilience in these relationships. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among grade 8 to 9 students from 4 secondary schools in Hong Kong. A total of 1,146 participants completed the survey. RESULTS Respectively 45.8% and 58.0% of students scored above the cut-off for mild anxiety and mild depression. Results from linear regression analyses showed that family satisfaction was positively associated with resilience, and both family satisfaction and resilience were and negatively associated with anxiety and depression. The mediating effects of resilience on the relationship between family satisfaction and anxiety/ depression (26.3% and 31.1% effects accounted for, respectively) were significant. CONCLUSIONS Both family satisfaction and resilience have important influence on adolescent mental health. Interventions that seek to promote positive family relationships and resilience of adolescents may be effective in preventing and reducing anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beizhu Ye
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ho Hin Lee
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jason C H Yeung
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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6
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The Mother-Baby Bond: Role of Past and Current Relationships. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030421. [PMID: 36979979 PMCID: PMC10046950 DOI: 10.3390/children10030421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
During the perinatal period, up to 25% of women experience difficulties in relating to their child. The mother-child bond promotes the transition to motherhood, protects the woman from depression, and protects the child from the intergenerational transmission of the disease. This study prospectively investigated if the relationship with the co-parent, the attachment style, and the bond that women had with their parents influenced the mother-fetus and then mother-child bond. We also explored the role of depression and anxiety. One hundred nineteen pregnant women were enrolled. We administered clinical interviews and psychometric tools. A telephone interview was conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months of follow-up. Maternal insecure attachment style (r = −0.253, p = 0.006) and women’s dyadic adjustment in the couple’s relationships (r = 0.182, p = 0.049) were correlated with lower maternal–fetal attachment. Insecure attachment styles and depression correlate with bottle-feeding rather than breastfeeding. The bond women had with their mothers, not their fathers, was associated with breastfeeding. Depression (OR = 0.243, p = 0.008) and anxiety (OR = 0.185, p = 0.004; OR = 0.304, p < 0.0001) were related to mother-infant bonding. Close relationships, past and present, affect the bond with the fetus and the child differently. Psychotherapy can provide reassuring and restorative intersubjective experiences.
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Chaplin AB, Daniels NF, Ples D, Anderson RZ, Gregory-Jones A, Jones PB, Khandaker GM. Longitudinal association between cardiovascular risk factors and depression in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1049-1059. [PMID: 34167604 PMCID: PMC9975997 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721002488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a common and serious mental illness that begins early in life. An association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and subsequent depression is clear in adults. We examined associations between individual CVD risk factors and depression in young people. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases from inception to 1 January 2020. We extracted data from cohort studies assessing the longitudinal association between CVD risk factors [body mass index (BMI), smoking, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein] and depression, measured using a validated tool in individuals with mean age of 24 years or younger. Random effect meta-analysis was used to combine effect estimates from individual studies, including odds ratio (OR) for depression and standardised mean difference for depressive symptoms. RESULTS Based on meta-analysis of seven studies, comprising 15 753 participants, high BMI was associated with subsequent depression [pooled OR 1.61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21-2.14; I2 = 31%]. Based on meta-analysis of eight studies, comprising 30 539 participants, smoking was associated with subsequent depression (pooled OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.36-2.20; I2 = 74%). Low, but not high, SBP was associated with an increased risk of depression (pooled OR 3.32; 95% CI 1.68-6.55; I2 = 0%), although this was based on a small pooled high-risk sample of 893 participants. Generalisability may be limited as most studies were based in North America or Europe. CONCLUSIONS Targeting childhood/adolescent smoking and obesity may be important for the prevention of both CVD and depression across the lifespan. Further research on other CVD risk factors including blood pressure and cholesterol in young people is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Chaplin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Diana Ples
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebecca Z. Anderson
- Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Peter B. Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Golam M. Khandaker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
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8
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Kiyono T, Ando S, Morishima R, Fujikawa S, Kanata S, Morimoto Y, Endo K, Yamasaki S, Usami S, Hiraiwa-Hasegawa M, Nishida A, Kasai K. Sex-based differences in the longitudinal association between autistic traits and positive psychotic experiences in adolescents: A population-based cohort study. Schizophr Res 2022; 246:1-6. [PMID: 35696856 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested a cross-sectional association between autistic traits and psychotic experiences (PEs) in adolescents. However, while both autistic traits and PEs show sex-related differences, no studies have directly assessed whether such differences exist in the longitudinal association between autistic traits and PEs. Using a population-based adolescent cohort sample (n = 3007), we tested whether the longitudinal association between autistic traits and positive PEs was affected by sex-based differences using regression analyses. Autistic traits were assessed at 12 years old (timepoint 1 [T1]), and PEs were assessed at 12 and 14 years old (T1 and T2). Subsequently, we tested whether subdomains of autistic traits (difficulties in social interaction, communication, imagination, attention to detail, and attention switching) were associated with subtypes of PEs (auditory hallucinations, visual hallucinations, and delusions) using structural equation modeling, after controlling for PEs at T1, socio-economic status, school performance and parents' psychiatric disorders. After controlling for PEs at T1, we did not find any associations between autistic traits at T1 and PEs at T2 in both sexes. There was no significant positive or negative association between all subdomains of autistic traits and subtypes of PEs in both sexes. Autistic traits do not seem to predict future PEs in general adolescents regardless of sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Kiyono
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Morishima
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The Health Care Science Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Fujikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Kanata
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Morimoto
- Department of Psychology, Ube Frontier University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Kaori Endo
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Usami
- Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hiraiwa-Hasegawa
- School of Advanced Science, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Research Center for Social Science & Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; The International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN) at The University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), Japan
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9
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Neumann A, Pingault JB, Felix JF, Jaddoe VWV, Tiemeier H, Cecil C, Walton E. Epigenome-wide contributions to individual differences in childhood phenotypes: a GREML approach. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:53. [PMID: 35440009 PMCID: PMC9020033 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01268-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism involved in human development. Numerous epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have investigated the associations of DNA methylation at single CpG sites with childhood outcomes. However, the overall contribution of DNA methylation across the genome (R2Methylation) towards childhood phenotypes is unknown. An estimate of R2Methylation would provide context regarding the importance of DNA methylation explaining variance in health outcomes. We therefore estimated the variance explained by epigenome-wide cord blood methylation (R2Methylation) for five childhood phenotypes: gestational age, birth weight, and body mass index (BMI), IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age. We adapted a genome-based restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) approach with cross-validation (CV) to DNA methylation data and applied it in two population-based birth cohorts: ALSPAC (n = 775) and Generation R (n = 1382). Results Using information from > 470,000 autosomal probes we estimated that DNA methylation at birth explains 32% (SDCV = 0.06) of gestational age variance and 5% (SDCV = 0.02) of birth weight variance. The R2Methylation estimates for BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms at school age estimates were near 0% across almost all cross-validation iterations. Conclusions The results suggest that cord blood methylation explains a moderate degree of variance in gestational age and birth weight, in line with the success of previous EWAS in identifying numerous CpG sites associated with these phenotypes. In contrast, we could not obtain a reliable estimate for school-age BMI, IQ and ADHD symptoms. This may reflect a null bias due to insufficient sample size to detect variance explained in more weakly associated phenotypes, although the true R2Methylation for these phenotypes is likely below that of gestational age and birth weight when using DNA methylation at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Neumann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, Building V of the University of Antwerp (UA) - CDE, Parking 4, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerpen, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.,Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charlotte Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Schultze-Lutter F, Kindler J, Ambarini TK, Michel C. Positive psychotic symptoms in childhood and adolescence. Curr Opin Psychol 2021; 45:101287. [PMID: 35016089 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Based on the assumption of a universal neurodevelopmental model of psychosis, especially of the schizophrenia spectrum, the diagnosis (and treatment) of psychosis in minors commonly follows those in adults. Yet, as our review demonstrates, recent years have seen an emergence of studies of minors indicating that developmental aspects may play a crucial role in the prevalence and appraisal of diagnostically relevant positive psychotic symptoms in their full-blown and subthreshold forms, including neurobiogenetic and other risk factors, such as migration. Thus, caution is advised to not overpathologize potentially transient and clinically irrelevant occurrence of (subthreshold) positive psychotic symptoms in the diagnosis and treatment of psychotic disorders and their clinical high-risk states in minors. More studies on developmental aspects are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Bergische Landstraße 2, 40470 Düsseldorf, Germany; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Jochen Kindler
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
| | - Tri Kurniati Ambarini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Airlangga 4-6, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia
| | - Chantal Michel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstr, 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland
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11
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Early magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers of schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Toward a fetal imaging perspective. Dev Psychopathol 2021; 33:899-913. [PMID: 32489161 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is mounting evidence to implicate the intrauterine environment as the initial pathogenic stage for neuropsychiatric disease. Recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging technology are making a multimodal analysis of the fetal central nervous system a reality, allowing analysis of structural and functional parameters. Exposures to a range of pertinent risk factors whether preconception or in utero can now be indexed using imaging techniques within the fetus' physiological environment. This approach may determine the first "hit" required for diseases that do not become clinically manifest until adulthood, and which only have subtle clinical markers during childhood and adolescence. A robust characterization of a "multi-hit" hypothesis may necessitate a longitudinal birth cohort; within this investigative paradigm, the full range of genetic and environmental risk factors can be assessed for their impact on the early developing brain. This will lay the foundation for the identification of novel biomarkers and the ability to devise methods for early risk stratification and disease prevention. However, these early markers must be followed over time: first, to account for neural plasticity, and second, to assess the effects of postnatal exposures that continue to drive the individual toward disease. We explore these issues using the schizophrenia spectrum disorders as an illustrative paradigm. However, given the potential richness of fetal magnetic resonance imaging, and the likely overlap of biomarkers, these concepts may extend to a range of neuropsychiatric conditions.
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12
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McKinney C, Stearns M. Parental Psychopathology and Oppositional Defiant Problems in Emerging Adults: Moderated Mediation by Temperament and Gender. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:439-449. [PMID: 32712741 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that prenatal maternal depressive symptoms predicted toddler temperament, which led to childhood irritability, an important component to ODD problems. In addition, children with ODD problems continue to have difficulties as they transition into emerging adulthood. The current study examined whether present-day emerging adult temperament mediated the relationship between perceived parental psychopathology (e.g., depressive, anxiety, and antisocial problems) and emerging adult ODD problems (e.g., affective and behavioral components). Further, emerging adult and parent gender was examined as a moderator (i.e., moderated mediation). The current study asked a sample of 973 emerging adults to report upon the psychological problems of their parents as well as their own temperament and ODD problems. Negative affect and effortful control mediated the relationship between maternal anxiety problems and female affective and behavioral ODD problems. Similarly, effortful control mediated the relationship between paternal antisocial problems and male behavioral ODD problems. Significant indirect effects occurred for the mother-daughter and father-son dyads only, suggesting moderated mediation by child and parent gender. Thus, temperament may be one process which explains the relationship between parental psychopathology and emerging adult ODD problems, and this process differed by parent and child gender.
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13
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McMahon EM, Corcoran P, Keeley H, Clarke M, Coughlan H, Wasserman D, Hoven CW, Carli V, Sarchiapone M, Healy C, Cannon M. Risk and protective factors for psychotic experiences in adolescence: a population-based study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1220-1228. [PMID: 32026792 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychotic experiences (PEs) are reported by a significant minority of adolescents and are associated with the development of psychiatric disorders. The aims of this study were to examine associations between PEs and a range of factors including psychopathology, adversity and lifestyle, and to investigate mediating effects of coping style and parental support on associations between adversity and PEs in a general population adolescent sample. METHOD Cross-sectional data were drawn from the Irish centre of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe study. Students completed a self-report questionnaire and 973 adolescents, of whom 522 (53.6%) were boys, participated. PEs were assessed using the 7-item Adolescent Psychotic Symptom Screener. RESULTS Of the total sample, 81 (8.7%) of the sample were found to be at risk of PEs. In multivariate analysis, associations were found between PEs and number of adverse events reported (OR 4.48, CI 1.41-14.25; p < 0.011), maladaptive/pathological internet use (OR 2.70, CI 1.30-5.58; p = 0.007), alcohol intoxication (OR 2.12, CI 1.10-4.12; p = 0.025) and anxiety symptoms (OR 4.03, CI 1.57-10.33; p = 0.004). There were small mediating effects of parental supervision, parental support and maladaptive coping on associations between adversity and PEs. CONCLUSION We have identified potential risk factors for PEs from multiple domains including adversity, mental health and lifestyle factors. The mediating effect of parental support on associations between adversity and PEs suggests that poor family relationships may account for some of this mechanism. These findings can inform the development of interventions for adolescents at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine M McMahon
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University CollegeCork, Ireland
| | - Paul Corcoran
- National Suicide Research Foundation, Cork, Ireland
- School of Public Health, University CollegeCork, Ireland
| | - Helen Keeley
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services North Cork, Health Service Executive, Ireland
| | - Mary Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen Coughlan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Danuta Wasserman
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental lll-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina W Hoven
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute; Dept of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental lll-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Colm Healy
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychiatry, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Murray AL, Speyer LG, Hall HA, Valdebenito S, Hughes C. A Longitudinal and Gender Invariance Analysis of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Across Ages 3, 5, 7, 11, 14, and 17 in a Large U.K.-Representative Sample. Assessment 2021; 29:1248-1261. [PMID: 33874786 PMCID: PMC9301174 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211009312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Developmental invariance is important for making valid inferences about child
development from longitudinal data; however, it is rarely tested. We evaluated
developmental and gender invariance for one of the most widely used measures of
child mental health: the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties
Questionnaire (SDQ). Using data from the large U.K. population-representative
Millennium Cohort Study (N = 10,207; with data at ages 3, 5, 7,
11, 14, and 17 years), we tested configural, metric, scalar, and residual
invariance in emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention,
prosociality, and peer problems. We found that the SDQ showed poor fit at age 3
in both males and females and at age 17 in males; however, it fit reasonably
well and its scores were measurement invariant up to the residual level across
gender at ages 5, 7, 11, and 14 years. Scores were also longitudinally
measurement invariant across this age range up to the partial residual level.
Results suggest that the parent-reported SDQ can be used to estimate
developmental trajectories of emotional problems, conduct problems,
hyperactivity/inattention, prosociality, and peer problems and their gender
differences across the age range 5 to 14 years using a latent model.
Developmental differences outside of this range may; however, partly reflect
measurement differences.
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15
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Bianciardi E, Vito C, Betrò S, De Stefano A, Siracusano A, Niolu C. The anxious aspects of insecure attachment styles are associated with depression either in pregnancy or in the postpartum period. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:51. [PMID: 32944057 PMCID: PMC7488240 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perinatal depression (PND) is a major complication of pregnancy and many risk factors have been associated with its development both during pregnancy and postpartum. The transition to motherhood activates the attachment system. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between women's attachment style (AS) and PND in pregnancy, and 1 month after childbirth, in a large cohort of women. We hypothesized that different patterns of AS were associated with either antenatal or postnatal depression. We, further, explored the role of other possible risk factors such as life-stress events. METHODS A final sample of 572 women was enrolled. At the third trimester of pregnancy, clinical data sheet and self-report questionnaires (ASQ, PSS, LTE-Q, and EPDS) were administered. One month after delivery, EPDS was administered by telephone interview. RESULTS We found 10.1% of the women with depression during pregnancy and 11.1% in the postpartum period. The first logistic regression showed that ASQ-CONF subscale (OR = 0.876, p < 0.0001), ASQ-NFA subscale (OR = 1.097, p = 0.002), foreign nationality (OR = 2.29, p = 0.040), low education levels (OR = 0.185, p = 0.012), PSS total score (OR = 1.376, p = 0.010), and recent life adversities (OR = 3.250, p = 0.012) were related to EPDS ≥ 14 during pregnancy.The second logistic regression showed that ASQ-PRE subscale (OR = 1.077, p < 0.001) and foreign nationality (OR = 2.88, p = 0.010) were related to EPDS ≥ 12 in the postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS Different dimensions of anxious insecure AS were, respectively, associated with either antenatal or postnatal depression. These findings support the literature investigating subtypes of perinatal depression. The PND may be heterogeneous in nature, and the comprehension of psychopathological trajectories may improve screening, prevention, and treatment of a disorder which has a long-lasting disabling impact on the mental health of mother and child. We provided a rationale for targeting an attachment-based intervention in this group of women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Bianciardi
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vito
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sophia Betrò
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto De Stefano
- Volunteers Association of Fondazione Policlinico “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Siracusano
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Niolu
- Psychiatric Chair, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy
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16
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Taylor JH, Calkins ME, Gur RE. Markers of Psychosis Risk in the General Population. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:337-348. [PMID: 32220500 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The categorical approach to defining schizophrenia spectrum disorders requires meeting established criteria. To advance early identification and intervention in young people, the field has progressed to studying help-seeking individuals who are at clinical high risk based on subthreshold psychosis spectrum symptoms, and criteria have been articulated for qualifying individuals as at risk. A broader dimensional examination of psychosis has been applied to population-based studies on non-help seekers. This review highlights the ascertainment and assessment approaches to such population-based studies. Most studies are cross-sectional and rely on questionnaires with limited overlap of tools. However, several consistent findings emerge on symptoms, neurocognitive deficits, and neuroimaging parameters and other biomarkers associated with emergence and persistence of psychotic features. The findings are consistent with the literature on abnormalities associated with schizophrenia, including the presence of neurocognitive deficits; abnormalities in brain structure, function, and connectivity that are related to distress; impairment; and functional outcome. These findings support the validity of studying psychosis experiences during development in a way that can chart the emergence of psychosis in the context of general psychopathology. Such studies are necessary for establishing developmental trajectories that characterize this emergence and for identifying risk and resilience biomarkers moderating or modulating the full range of schizophrenia-related manifestations. More community-based studies are needed, with better standardization and harmonization of measures and incorporating longitudinal follow-up, to establish mechanistic links between cellular-molecular aberrations and specific manifestations of psychosis as envisioned by the precision medicine agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome H Taylor
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Monica E Calkins
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Raquel E Gur
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Penn Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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17
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Mennigen E, Bearden CE. Psychosis Risk and Development: What Do We Know From Population-Based Studies? Biol Psychiatry 2020; 88:315-325. [PMID: 32061373 PMCID: PMC7305046 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen an advent in population-based studies in children, adolescents, and adults that examine the prevalence, etiology, and developmental trajectories of diverse subclinical psychopathological symptoms that pose a risk for the later development of severe mental illnesses. It is increasingly recognized that most categorically defined psychiatric disorders occur on a spectrum or continuum, show high heterogeneity and symptom overlap, and share genetic and environmental risk factors. We discuss neurodevelopmental underpinnings of psychosis spectrum symptoms and review brain morphometric and functional alterations as well as genetic liability for psychosis in individuals experiencing psychotic symptoms (PSs) in the general population. With regard to brain structure and function, findings of qualitatively similar alterations in individuals experiencing subthreshold PSs and individuals with overt psychotic disorders support the notion of a psychosis continuum. However, genetic and epidemiological studies have emphasized the overlap of PSs and other psychiatric illnesses. In particular, PSs during adolescence appear to be a nonspecific precursor of different psychopathological outcomes. Given the evidence presented in this review, we argue that findings from population-based studies are appropriate to guide policy-making to further emphasize public health efforts. Broadly accessible mental health programs are promising to make a difference in the field of adolescent mental health. However, the specific efficacy of these programs warrants further study, and caution is advised to not overpathologize potentially transient occurrence of mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mennigen
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Francisco AA, Horsthuis DJ, Popiel M, Foxe JJ, Molholm S. Atypical response inhibition and error processing in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome and schizophrenia: Towards neuromarkers of disease progression and risk. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2020; 27:102351. [PMID: 32731196 PMCID: PMC7390764 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (also known as DiGeorge syndrome or velo-cardio-facial syndrome) is characterized by increased vulnerability to neuropsychiatric symptoms, with approximately 30% of individuals with the deletion going on to develop schizophrenia. Clinically, deficits in executive function have been noted in this population, but the underlying neural processes are not well understood. Using a Go/No-Go response inhibition task in conjunction with high-density electrophysiological recordings (EEG), we sought to investigate the behavioral and neural dynamics of inhibition of a prepotent response (a critical component of executive function) in individuals with 22q11.2DS with and without psychotic symptoms, when compared to individuals with idiopathic schizophrenia and age-matched neurotypical controls. Twenty-eight participants diagnosed with 22q11.2DS (14-35 years old; 14 with at least one psychotic symptom), 15 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (18-63 years old) and two neurotypical control groups (one age-matched to the 22q11.2DS sample, the other age-matched to the schizophrenia sample) participated in this study. Analyses focused on the N2 and P3 no-go responses and error-related negativity (Ne) and positivity (Pe). Atypical inhibitory processing was shown behaviorally and by significantly reduced P3, Ne, and Pe responses in 22q11.2DS and schizophrenia. Interestingly, whereas P3 was only reduced in the presence of psychotic symptoms, Ne and Pe were equally reduced in schizophrenia and 22q11.2DS, regardless of the presence of symptoms. We argue that while P3 may be a marker of disease severity, Ne and Pe might be candidate markers of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana A Francisco
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Douwe J Horsthuis
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maryann Popiel
- Department of Psychiatry, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - John J Foxe
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophie Molholm
- The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Rose F. Kennedy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; The Cognitive Neurophysiology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, The Ernest J. Del Monde Institute for Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Waqas A, Zafar S, Lawlor DA, Wright J, Hafeez A, Ahmad I, Sikander S, Rahman A. A scientometric analysis of birth cohorts in South Asia: Way forward for Pakistan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235385. [PMID: 32645067 PMCID: PMC7347181 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to: a) systematically map the of birth cohort studies from the South Asian region b) examine the major research foci and landmark contributions from these cohorts using reproducible scientometric techniques and c) offer recommendations on establishing new birth cohorts in Pakistan, building upon the strengths, weaknesses and gaps of previous cohorts. Bibliographic records for a total of 260 articles, published during through December 2018, were retrieved from the Web of Science (core database). All data were analysed using Microsoft Excel (2013), Web of Science platform and CiteSpace. A series of network analysis were then run for each time-period using the link reduction method and pathfinder network scaling. The co-cited articles were clustered into their homogeneous research clusters. The clusters were named using the Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) method that utilized author keywords as source of names for these clusters. The scientometric analyses of original research output from these birth cohorts also paint a pessimistic landscape in Pakistan- where Pakistani sites for birth cohorts contributed only 31 publications; a majority of these utilized the MAL-ED birth cohort data. A majority of original studies were published from birth cohorts in India (156), Bangladesh (63), and Nepal (15). Out of these contributions, 31 studies reported data from multiple countries. The three major birth cohorts include prospective and multi-country MAL-ED birth cohort and The Pakistan Early Childhood Development Scale Up Trial, and a retrospective Maternal and infant nutrition intervention cohort. In addition to these, a few small-scale birth cohorts reported findings pertaining to neonatal sepsis, intrauterine growth retardation and its effects on linear growth of children and environmental enteropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Waqas
- Human Development Research Foundation, Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shamsa Zafar
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Fazaia Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Deborah A. Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - John Wright
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Assad Hafeez
- Health Services Academy, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ikhlaq Ahmad
- Human Development Research Foundation, Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Siham Sikander
- Human Development Research Foundation, Markaz, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Rahman
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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20
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Srinivasan R, Pearson RM, Johnson S, Lewis G, Lewis G. Maternal perinatal depressive symptoms and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age: a longitudinal study. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:431-440. [PMID: 32353278 PMCID: PMC7606907 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30132-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence exists that maternal depression in the perinatal period has an adverse effect on a range of early childhood outcomes and increases the risk of offspring depression during adolescence. However, the association between maternal depression during the perinatal period and offspring psychotic experiences has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate whether there is an association between maternal antenatal or postnatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. METHODS This longitudinal study used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), a prospective birth cohort, which recruited 14 541 pregnant women with an estimated delivery date between April 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 1992. Perinatal depression was measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS); offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age were measured using the Psychosis-Like Symptom Interview. Offspring of mothers with complete data on maternal perinatal depression measures, and complete data on outcome (psychotic experiences) and confounding variables were included in the main analysis. For the main analysis, we used logistic regression to examine the associations between maternal depression (antenatal and postnatal) and offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years. We used biprobit regression to model the association between maternal antenatal depression and the two offspring outcomes (psychotic experiences and depression) at 18 years of age jointly. FINDINGS 3067 offspring for whom data were available on maternal perinatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences aged 18 years were included in analyses. Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with offspring psychotic experiences at 18 years of age, with an unadjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1·38 (95% CI 1·18-1·61, p=0·0001) and after adjustment for confounders, an OR of 1·26 (1·06-1·49, p=0·0074). Maternal antenatal depressive symptoms were associated with both offspring psychotic experiences at the age of 18 years (n=2830, OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·32 [95% CI 1·16-1·51], p<0·0001) and offspring depression at 18 years (OR for a 5-point increase in EPDS score: 1·18 [1·03-1·34], p=0·016). From joint modelling, there was no evidence that the association between maternal antenatal depression and offspring psychotic experiences differed in strength compared with offspring depression (p=0·19). INTERPRETATION The offspring of mothers who experience depression in the perinatal period are more likely to report psychotic experiences at 18 years of age. If the association is found to be causal, it would strengthen the case for identifying and treating maternal depression during and after pregnancy. FUNDING UK Medical Research Council and the Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Srinivasan
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Sonia Johnson
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gemma Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glyn Lewis
- Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Rossi R, Socci V, Gregori E, Talevi D, Collazzoni A, Pacitti F, Stratta P, Rossi A, Di Lorenzo G. ResilienCity: Resilience and Psychotic-Like Experiences 10 Years After L'Aquila Earthquake. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:77. [PMID: 32180736 PMCID: PMC7059251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An earthquake hit the city of L'Aquila in central Italy in 2009, leaving the city completely destroyed and 309 casualties. Unexpectedly, lower rates of psychotic experiences in persons affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected persons were found 10 months after the earthquake. The very long-term impact of a natural disaster on the prevalence of psychotic experiences deserves more in-depth detailing. The Authors examined resilience and psychotic experiences in a university student sample of 494. No effect of direct exposure to the earthquake (odds ratio = 0.64, 95%CI [0.37, 1.11]), material damages (odds ratio = 0.86, 95%CI [0.60, 1.23]), psychological suffering (odds ratio = 1.06, 95% CI [0.83, 1.36]), or global impact severity (odds ratio = 0.92, 95%CI [0.76, 1.12]) on psychotic experiences was detected. Resilience levels did not differ between affected and non-affected persons. Resilience showed a strong protective effect on psychotic experiences (odds ratio=0.38, 95% CI [0.28, 0.51]. The protective effect of the RSA factor "Perception of Self" was significantly stronger in individuals affected by the earthquake compared to non-affected subjects. Being affected by an earthquake is not a risk factor for psychotic experiences in a university student sample, as no direct effect of the earthquake was detected after 10 years after the event. Resilience is confirmed as a strong protective factor for psychotic experiences irrespectively of large collective traumatic events. Extension of these results to a general population sample could provide interesting insights into recovery from natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rossi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Socci
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gregori
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Dalila Talevi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alberto Collazzoni
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacitti
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Stratta
- Department of Mental Health, ASL1 Abruzzo, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Applied Clinical Sciences and Biotechnology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Di Lorenzo
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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Kwong ASF. Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:126. [PMID: 31595229 PMCID: PMC6764237 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S F Kwong
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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23
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Dockray S, O'Neill S, Jump O. Measuring the Psychobiological Correlates of Daily Experience in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:595-612. [PMID: 31573767 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mapping the psychobiological correlates of social contexts, experiences, and emotional responses of adolescents in their daily lives provides insight into how adolescent well-being shapes, and is shaped by, experience. Measures of these psychobiological correlates are enabled by devices and technologies that must be precise and suitable for adolescent participants. The present report reviews the most often used research measures, and suggests strategies for best practice, drawn from practical experience. The rapid advances in technological methods to collect attuned measures of psychological processes, social context, and biological function indicate the promise for multimodal measures in ecological settings. Attaining these methodological goals will support research to secure comprehensive, quality data, and advance the understanding of psychobiological function in ambulatory settings.
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Kwong ASF. Examining the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Wellcome Open Res 2019; 4:126. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15395.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression during adolescence is associated with a number of negative outcomes in later life. Research has examined the longitudinal nature of adolescent depression in order to identify patterns of depressive mood, the early antecedents and later consequences. However, rich longitudinal data is needed to better address these questions. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) is an intergenerational birth cohort with nine repeated assessments of depressive symptoms throughout late childhood, adolescence and young adulthood. Depressive symptoms are measured using the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Many studies have used ALSPAC to examine the longitudinal nature of depressive symptoms in combination with the wealth of early life exposure and later outcome data. This data note provides a summary of the SMFQ data, where the data are stored in ALSPAC, the characteristics and distribution of the SMFQ, and highlights some considerations for researchers wanting to use the SMFQ data in ALSPAC.
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25
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Brannigan R, Cannon M, Tanskanen A, Huttunen MO, Leacy FP, Clarke MC. The association between subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and offspring clinically diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:304-310. [PMID: 30548544 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exposure to prenatal stress is a ubiquitous and non-specific risk factor for adverse outcomes in adulthood. In this study, we examined associations between exposure to subjective maternal stress during pregnancy and subsequent diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in offspring. METHOD This study used the Helsinki Longitudinal Temperament Cohort, a prospective birth cohort of individuals born between 1 July 1975 and 30 June 1976 in Helsinki, Finland. The sample for this study comprised 3626 infants whose mothers had completed health and well-being assessments during pregnancy which included a measure of self-reported stress. We ran logistic regressions to assess potential associations between prenatal stress and offspring psychiatric disorder in adulthood, identified through the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register. RESULTS Individuals whose mothers reported stress during pregnancy had significantly greater odds of developing a psychiatric disorder (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.10-1.81) particularly a mood disorder (OR = 1.67, 95% CI = 1.10-2.54). These associations remained after adjusting for parental psychiatric history, and other prenatal factors. CONCLUSIONS Individuals exposed to prenatal stress had significantly increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders later in life. This finding highlights the importance of supporting the mental health and emotional well-being of women during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brannigan
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Cannon
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Tanskanen
- Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M O Huttunen
- Department of Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - F P Leacy
- Data Science Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M C Clarke
- Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.,Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Smoller JW, Andreassen OA, Edenberg HJ, Faraone SV, Glatt SJ, Kendler KS. Psychiatric genetics and the structure of psychopathology. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:409-420. [PMID: 29317742 PMCID: PMC6684352 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-017-0010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For over a century, psychiatric disorders have been defined by expert opinion and clinical observation. The modern DSM has relied on a consensus of experts to define categorical syndromes based on clusters of symptoms and signs, and, to some extent, external validators, such as longitudinal course and response to treatment. In the absence of an established etiology, psychiatry has struggled to validate these descriptive syndromes, and to define the boundaries between disorders and between normal and pathologic variation. Recent advances in genomic research, coupled with large-scale collaborative efforts like the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, have identified hundreds of common and rare genetic variations that contribute to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders. At the same time, they have begun to address deeper questions about the structure and classification of mental disorders: To what extent do genetic findings support or challenge our clinical nosology? Are there genetic boundaries between psychiatric and neurologic illness? Do the data support a boundary between disorder and normal variation? Is it possible to envision a nosology based on genetically informed disease mechanisms? This review provides an overview of conceptual issues and genetic findings that bear on the relationships among and boundaries between psychiatric disorders and other conditions. We highlight implications for the evolving classification of psychopathology and the challenges for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W. Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT - KG Jebsen Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Stephen J. Glatt
- Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
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Carpena MX, Dumith SC, Loret de Mola C, Neiva-Silva L. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related risk factors for depression among men and women in a southern Brazilian city. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 41:396-402. [PMID: 30758433 PMCID: PMC6796819 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2018-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of depression and sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related risk factors therefor in a southern Brazilian city. METHODS Population-based, cross-sectional study of adults from Rio Grande, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Individuals (n=1,295) were selected using a multistage sampling procedure. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to screen for major depressive episodes (MDEs). We used a conceptual causal framework to organize and assess risk factors for MDE and calculated prevalence ratios (PR) using regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of MDE was 8.4% (95%CI 6.0-10.7) for men and 13.4% (95%CI 11.0-15.8) for women. For men, physical inactivity (PR 2.34, 95%CI 1.09-5.00) and perceived stress (PR 20.35, 95%CI 5.92-69.96) were associated with MDE. In women, MDE prevalence was higher among those in the first tertile of economic index (PR 2.61, 95%CI 1.53-4.45), with 0-8 years of schooling (PR 2.25, 95%CI 1.24-4.11), alcohol users (PR 1.91, 95%CI 1.21-3.02), those physically inactive (PR 2.49, 95%CI 1.22-5.09), with the highest perceived stress (PR 9.17, 95%CI 3.47-24.23), with another mental disorder (PR 1.85, 95%CI 1.32-2.59), and with more noncommunicable diseases (PR 1.85, 95%CI 1.06-3.22). CONCLUSION Women had a higher prevalence of depression, and socioeconomic disadvantages were important for the occurrence of MDE; however, for men, only physical inactivity and stress were important predictors, suggesting possible different causal pathways for each sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina X Carpena
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel C Dumith
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Christian Loret de Mola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Neiva-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
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Miettunen J, Haapea M, Björnholm L, Huhtaniska S, Juola T, Kinnunen L, Lehtiniemi H, Lieslehto J, Rautio N, Nordström T. Psychiatric research in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 - a systematic review. Int J Circumpolar Health 2019; 78:1571382. [PMID: 30744507 PMCID: PMC6374936 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2019.1571382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 is a large population-based birth cohort, which aims to promote health and wellbeing of the population. In this paper, we systematically review the psychiatric research performed in the cohort until today, i.e. at the age of 32 years of the cohort (2018). We conducted a systematic literature search using the databases of PubMed and Scopus and complemented it with a manual search. We found a total of 94 articles, which were classified as examining ADHD, emotional and behavioural problems, psychosis risk or other studies relating to psychiatric subjects. The articles are mainly based on two large comprehensive follow-up studies of the cohort and several substudies. The studies have often used also nationwide register data. The studies have found several early predictors for the aforementioned psychiatric outcomes, such as problems at pregnancy and birth, family factors in childhood, physical inactivity and substance use in adolescence. There are also novel findings relating to brain imaging and cognition, for instance regarding familial risk of psychosis in relation to resting state functional MRI. The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 has been utilised frequently in psychiatric research and future data collections are likely to lead to new scientifically important findings. Abbreviations: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Jouko Miettunen
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Marianne Haapea
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,c Department of Psychiatry , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland
| | - Lassi Björnholm
- c Department of Psychiatry , Oulu University Hospital , Oulu , Finland.,d Department of Psychiatry , Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Sanna Huhtaniska
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Teija Juola
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Lotta Kinnunen
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Heli Lehtiniemi
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,e Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Johannes Lieslehto
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Nina Rautio
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tanja Nordström
- a Center for Life Course Health Research , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,b Medical Research Center Oulu , Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland.,e Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Faculty of Medicine , University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
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Chawner SJRA, Niarchou M, Doherty JL, Moss H, Owen MJ, van den Bree MBM. The emergence of psychotic experiences in the early adolescence of 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 109:10-17. [PMID: 30458299 PMCID: PMC6331974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) are at substantial increased risk of psychosis spectrum outcomes including schizophrenia. We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of the psychopathological and neurocognitive correlates of early psychotic phenomena in young people with 22q11.2DS (n = 75, mean age time 1 (T1) 9.9 years, time 2 (T2) 12.5 years). We also assessed unaffected control siblings (n = 33, mean age T1 10.6 years, T2 13.4 years). The prevalence of psychotic experiences, defined as subthreshold psychotic phenomena, substantially increased in children with 22q11.2DS from 4% (n = 3) in childhood (T1) to 21% (n = 16) in early adolescence (T2) (p = 0.001), and at T2 prevalence was significantly elevated (p = 0.020) relative to control siblings (3%). The emergence of psychotic experiences was associated with levels of childhood anxiety symptoms at T1 and differential development of the attention-executive domain. IQ ability and IQ change, however, were not associated with the emergence of psychotic experiences, indicating that initial changes in attention-executive functioning may precede the decline in global cognition that has been reported to be associated with later stages of psychosis development. Our study highlights that psychotic phenomena emerge early in 22q11.2DS and we implicate attention-executive functioning and anxiety as key domains associated with the development of these psychotic experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J R A Chawner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Niarchou
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Doherty
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Moss
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne B M van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom.
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30
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Wallace S, Linscott RJ. Intra-individual variability and psychotic-like experiences in adolescents: Findings from the ALSPAC cohort. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:154-159. [PMID: 29074331 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and epidemiological studies have demonstrated associations between elevated intra-individual variability (IIV) of reaction time and psychotic disorders. However, little attention has been paid to the relationship between performance stability and psychotic-like experiences (PLE) in adolescence, before psychotic disorder onset. Data from 6702 children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were used to address this issue. Children took part in a semi-structured clinical interview regarding psychotic symptoms at age 12 and 18, and reaction time variability was assessed at age 13 and 15. Children who had elevated IIV at age 15 were more likely to report suspected or definite PLE at age 18, with larger associations being found for more frequent or bizarre symptoms. Elevated IIV at age 15 was also associated with persistent PLE between age 12 and 18. These findings tentatively suggest that elevated IIV in early adolescence may be predictive of later PLE, and offer some support for the notion of a psychosis continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Wallace
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Richard J Linscott
- Department of Psychology, University of Otago, New Zealand, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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The incidence, psychiatric co-morbidity and pharmacological treatment of severe mental disorders in children and adolescents. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 49:16-22. [PMID: 29366845 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drug use among children and adolescents is increasing, and there is growing concern about off-label use and adverse effects. The present study aims to investigate the incidence, psychiatric co-morbidity and pharmacological treatment of severe mental disorder in Norwegian children and adolescents. METHODS We obtained data on mental disorders from the Norwegian Patient Registry on 0-18 year olds who during 2009-2011 were diagnosed for the first time with schizophrenia-like disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes F20-F29), bipolar disorder (F30-F31), or severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (F32.3 or F33.3). Data on filled prescriptions for psychotropic drugs were obtained from the Norwegian Prescription Database. RESULTS A total of 884 children and adolescents (25.1 per 100 000 person years) were first time diagnosed with schizophrenia-like disorder (12.6 per 100 000 person years), bipolar disorder (9.2 per 100 000 person years), or severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms (3.3 per 100 000 person years) during 2009-2011. The most common co-morbid mental disorders were depressive (38.1%) and anxiety disorders (31.2%). Antipsychotic drugs were prescribed to 62.4% of the patients, 72.0% of the schizophrenia-like disorder patients, 51.7% of the bipolar disorder patients, and 55.4% of the patients with psychotic depression. The most commonly prescribed drugs were quetiapine (29.5%), aripiprazole (19.6%), olanzapine (17.3%), and risperidone (16.6%). CONCLUSIONS When a severe mental disorder was diagnosed in children and adolescents, the patient was usually also prescribed antipsychotic medication. Clinicians must be aware of the high prevalence of depressive and anxiety disorders among early psychosis patients.
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Laurens KR, Tzoumakis S, Kariuki M, Green MJ, Hamde M, Harris F, Carr VJ, Dean K. Pervasive influence of maternal and paternal criminal offending on early childhood development: a population data linkage study. Psychol Med 2017; 47:889-901. [PMID: 27894371 PMCID: PMC5341495 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716003007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental criminal offending is an established risk factor for offending among offspring, but little evidence is available indicating the impact of offending on early childhood functioning. We used data from a large Australian population cohort to determine associations between exposure to parental offending and a range of developmental outcomes at age 5 years. METHOD Multi-generation data in 66 477 children and their parents from the New South Wales Child Development Study were combined using data linkage. Logistic and multinomial regressions tested associations between any and violent offending histories of parents (fathers, mothers, or both parents) obtained from official records, and multiple measures of early childhood developmental functioning (social, emotional-behavioural, cognitive, communication and physical domains) obtained from the teacher-reported 2009 Australian Early Development Census. RESULTS Parental offending conferred significantly increased risk of vulnerability on all domains, particularly the cognitive domain. Greater risk magnitudes were observed for offending by both parents and by mothers than by fathers, and for violent than for any offending. For all parental offending exposures, vulnerability on multiple domains (where medium to large effects were observed) was more likely than on a single domain (small to medium effects). Relationships remained significant and of comparable magnitude following adjustment for sociodemographic covariates. CONCLUSIONS The effect of parental offending on early childhood developmental outcomes is pervasive, with the strongest effects on functioning apparent when both parents engage in violent offending. Supporting affected families in early childhood might mitigate both early developmental vulnerability and the propensity for later delinquency among these offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Laurens
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Tzoumakis
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Kariuki
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. J. Green
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - M. Hamde
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - F. Harris
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - V. J. Carr
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K. Dean
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Schizophrenia Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia
- Justice Health & Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, NSW, Australia
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Bohman H, Låftman SB, Päären A, Jonsson U. Parental separation in childhood as a risk factor for depression in adulthood: a community-based study of adolescents screened for depression and followed up after 15 years. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:117. [PMID: 28356107 PMCID: PMC5370459 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Earlier research has investigated the association between parental separation and long-term health outcomes among offspring, but few studies have assessed the potentially moderating role of mental health status in adolescence. The aim of this study was to analyze whether parental separation in childhood predicts depression in adulthood and whether the pattern differs between individuals with and without earlier depression. METHODS A community-based sample of individuals with adolescent depression in 1991-93 and matched non-depressed peers were followed up using a structured diagnostic interview after 15 years. The participation rate was 65% (depressed n = 227; non-depressed controls n = 155). Information on parental separation and conditions in childhood and adolescence was collected at baseline. The outcome was depression between the ages 19-31 years; information on depression was collected at the follow-up diagnostic interview. The statistical method used was binary logistic regression. RESULTS Our analyses showed that depressed adolescents with separated parents had an excess risk of recurrence of depression in adulthood, compared with depressed adolescents with non-separated parents. In addition, among adolescents with depression, parental separation was associated with an increased risk of a switch to bipolar disorder in adulthood. Among the matched non-depressed peers, no associations between parental separation and adult depression or bipolar disorder were found. CONCLUSIONS Parental separation may have long-lasting health consequences for vulnerable individuals who suffer from mental illness already in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bohman
- Department of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Akademiska sjukhuset, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden. .,Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sara Brolin Låftman
- Centre for Health Equity Studies (CHESS), Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aivar Päären
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Jonsson
- 0000 0004 1936 9457grid.8993.bDepartment of Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden ,0000 0004 1937 0626grid.4714.6Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Liao YT, Hsieh MH, Yang YH, Wang YC, Tsai CS, Chen VCH, Gossop M. Association between depression and enterovirus infection: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e5983. [PMID: 28151890 PMCID: PMC5293453 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus (EV) infection is common among children and adolescents. Few studies have investigated the relationship of depression after EV infection. This study explores an association between EV infection and subsequent depression in children and adolescents and assesses the risk of depression after EV infection with central nervous system involvement in a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort.A random sample of 1,000,000 people was derived from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and we identified enrollees less than 18 years with EV infection before 2005 and followed up until December 2009. A total 48,010 cases with EV infection and 48,010 healthy controls matched for sex, age, and residence were obtained. Association between EV infection and depression risk was assessed by Cox proportional hazards models to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs). We further stratified EV infection into with central nervous system (CNS) involvement and without and compared with matched cohort.Children and adolescents with EV infection had no elevated risk of depression compared with healthy controls (adjusted HR, aHR = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.83-1.21). However, CNS EV infection was associated with increased risk of depression (aHR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.02-2.58) in the fully adjusted Cox regression model.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study investigating depression in children and adolescents with CNS EV infection. The results suggested that children and adolescents with CNS EV infection were a susceptible group for subsequent depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-To Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Ming-Hong Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
| | - Yao-Hsu Yang
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University, Taipei
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi
| | | | - Ching-Shu Tsai
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- Chang Gung Medical Foundation, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Chiayi
- Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Mackay DF, Anderson JJ, Pell JP, Zammit S, Smith DJ. Exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early childhood and risk of hypomania: Prospective birth cohort study. Eur Psychiatry 2016; 39:33-39. [PMID: 27810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to tobacco smoke in utero or during early development and the experience of hypomania assessed in young adulthood. METHODS We used data on 2957 participants from a large birth cohort (Avon longitudinal study of parents and children [ALSPAC]). The primary outcome of interest was hypomania, and the secondary outcome was "hypomania plus previous psychotic experiences (PE)". Maternally-reported smoking during pregnancy, paternal smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in childhood were the exposures of interest. Multivariable logistic regression was used and estimates of association were adjusted for socio-economic, lifestyle and obstetric factors. RESULTS There was weak evidence of an association between exposure to maternal smoking in utero and lifetime hypomania. However, there was a strong association of maternal smoking during pregnancy within the sub-group of individuals with hypomania who had also experienced psychotic symptoms (OR=3.45; 95% CI: 1.49-7.98; P=0.004). There was no association between paternal smoking, or exposure to ETS during childhood, and hypomania outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to smoking in utero may be a risk factor for more severe forms of psychopathology on the mood-psychosis spectrum, rather than DSM-defined bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D F Mackay
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom.
| | - J J Anderson
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - J P Pell
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - S Zammit
- Department of psychological medicine and clinical neurosciences, school of medicine, Cardiff university, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - D J Smith
- Institute of health & wellbeing, university of Glasgow, 1, Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Anderson JJ, Hoath S, Zammit S, Meyer TD, Pell JP, Mackay D, Smith DJ. Gestational influenza and risk of hypomania in young adulthood: prospective birth cohort study. J Affect Disord 2016; 200:182-8. [PMID: 27136417 PMCID: PMC4906149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested a possible link between exposure to influenza in utero and bipolar disorder in adulthood. Using data from a prospective birth cohort, we aimed to test for an association between exposure to gestational influenza and the experience of hypomania assessed in early adulthood. METHODS We used data on 2957 participants from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). The two main outcomes of interest were hypomania, assessed using the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) at age 22-23, and 'hypomania plus previous psychotic experiences (PE)'. Maternally-reported gestational influenza was the exposure of interest. Multivariable logistic regression was used and estimates of association were adjusted for a range of possible confounding factors, including maternal smoking in pregnancy. RESULTS Relative to controls, rates of exposure to gestational influenza were higher for participants with hypomania (24.0%) and for participants with 'hypomania plus PE' (34.2%), but univariate and multivariable analyses of an association between gestational influenza and hypomania (with and without previous PE) were not significant. LIMITATIONS The response rate to those who were sent the HCL-32 questionnaire was 36.8%. As a result, some analyses may have been under-powered to detect a true effect. Influenza infection during pregnancy was self-reported by mothers. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective population study, gestational influenza was not identified as a clear risk factor for lifetime hypomania or for 'hypomania with PEs' in young adult offspring. It is possible that previous reports of an association between gestational influenza and bipolar disorder in adulthood have been confounded by factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana J Anderson
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Sean Hoath
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Stanley Zammit
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Thomas D Meyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jill P Pell
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Mackay
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel J Smith
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, 1 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
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Nath S, Psychogiou L, Kuyken W, Ford T, Ryan E, Russell G. The prevalence of depressive symptoms among fathers and associated risk factors during the first seven years of their child's life: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:509. [PMID: 27296986 PMCID: PMC4906969 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3168-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests that postnatal paternal depression is associated with adverse emotional, behavioural and cognitive outcomes in children. Despite this, few studies have determined the prevalence of fathers' depressive symptoms during the first few years of their children's lives and explored what factors are related to these symptoms. We estimated the prevalence and examined associated risk factors of paternal depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of fathers with children aged between 9 months and 7 years old from the Millennium cohort study. The risk factors examined were maternal depressive symptoms, marital conflict, child temperament, child gender, paternal education, fathers' ethnic background, fathers' employment status, family housing, family income and paternal age. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted using the UK Millennium cohort study, which consisted of data from England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland of families with infants born in the year 2000/2001. Data from four sweeps were used from when children in the cohort were aged 9 months, 3, 5 and 7 years old (n = 5155-12,396). RESULTS The prevalence of paternal depressive symptoms over time was 3.6 % at 9 months, 1.2 % at 3 years old, 1.8 % at 5 years and 2.0 % at 7 years (using Kessler cut-off points to categorise high depressive symptoms vs low depressive symptoms). Linear regression trends (using continuous measures of depressive symptoms) indicated that both paternal and maternal depressive symptoms decreased over time, suggesting similar patterns of parents' depressive symptoms after the birth of a child, but the decrease was more evident for mothers. Paternal depressive symptoms were consistently associated with fathers' unemployment, maternal depressive symptoms and marital conflict. Socioeconomic factors such as rented housing when child was 9 months and low family income when child was 5 and 7 years were also associated with higher paternal depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Paternal depressive symptoms decreased among fathers when their children were aged between 9 months to 3 years old. Paternal unemployment, high maternal depressive symptoms and high marital conflict were important risk factors for paternal depressive symptoms. In light of our findings, we would recommend a more family centred approach to interventions for depression in the postnatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Nath
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- Mood Disorders Centre (MDC), Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK.
| | - Lamprini Psychogiou
- Mood Disorders Centre (MDC), Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QG, UK
| | - Willem Kuyken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- Institute of Health Research, South Cloisters (St Luke's Campus), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2 LU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ryan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Ginny Russell
- Institute of Health Research, South Cloisters (St Luke's Campus), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, EX1 2 LU, UK
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Nath S, Russell G, Kuyken W, Psychogiou L, Ford T. Does father-child conflict mediate the association between fathers' postnatal depressive symptoms and children's adjustment problems at 7 years old? Psychol Med 2016; 46:1719-1733. [PMID: 26965923 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paternal depressive symptoms are associated with children's emotional and behavioural problems, which may be mediated by negative parenting. But there is no research on the influence of paternal depressive symptoms on children's emotion regulation and limited literature investigating fathers' parenting as a mediator in the pathway between paternal depressive symptoms and children's externalizing and internalizing problems. We aimed to investigate the mediating role of father-child conflict (at 3 years) in the association between postnatal paternal depressive symptoms (at 9 months) and children's emotional and behavioural problems (at 7 years) (aim 1). We also examined whether mediation pathways were more pronounced for boys or for girls (aim 2). METHOD Secondary data analysis was conducted on the Millennium Cohort Study, when children were 9 months, 3 years and 7 years old (n = 3520). Main study variables were measured by self-report questionnaires. Fathers completed the Rutter Scale (depressive symptoms) and the Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (father-child conflict), while mothers completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Social Behaviour Questionnaire (child emotional and behavioural problems, emotion regulation). We used structural equation modelling to estimate direct, indirect and total effects of paternal depressive symptoms on child outcomes, mediated by father-child conflict whilst adjusting for relevant covariates (maternal depressive symptoms, child temperament, marital conflict, and socio-economic factors such as poverty indicator and fathers' education level). Multi-group and interaction analysis was then conducted to determine the differential effect by gender of the association between paternal depressive symptoms on child outcomes via father-child conflict. RESULTS Father-child conflict mediated the association between paternal depressive symptoms and emotion regulation problems [standardized indirect effect (SIE) 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.03 to -0.01, p < 0.001; standardized total effect (STE) 95% CI -0.05 to -0.01, p < 0.05] (aim 1). Father-child conflict mediated a larger proportion of the effect in boys (SIE 95% CI -0.03 to -0.01, p < 0.001; STE 95% CI -0.05 to 0.00, p = 0.063) than it did in girls (SIE 95% CI -0.02 to -0.01, p < 0.001; STE 95% CI -0.04 to 0.01, p = 0.216) (aim 2). CONCLUSIONS Father-child conflict may mediate the association between postnatal paternal depressive symptoms and children's emotion regulation problems. Paternal depressive symptoms and father-child conflict resolution may be potential targets in preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nath
- Mood Disorders Centre,University of Exeter,Exeter,UK
| | - G Russell
- Institute of Health Research,University of Exeter Medical School,Exeter,UK
| | - W Kuyken
- University Department of Psychiatry,University of Oxford,Warneford Hospital,Oxford,UK
| | - L Psychogiou
- Mood Disorders Centre,University of Exeter,Exeter,UK
| | - T Ford
- Institute of Health Research,University of Exeter Medical School,Exeter,UK
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