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Rodrigues PMF, Silva PGS, Voss G, Martinez-Pecino R, Delerue-Matos A. Pandemic policies and sleeping problems in older adults. J Sleep Res 2024:e14268. [PMID: 38924266 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Sleep quality is fundamental to physical and mental health. Recent research shows that the COVID-19 pandemic has affected individuals' sleep quality. This study aims to investigate whether the containment and health policies (Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker indexes) adopted by European countries and Israel during the pandemic are related to sleep problems in people aged 50 and over. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a logistic regression analysis based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, collected in 27 European countries and Israel, in 2021. The results show that containment and health policies affect older adults' sleep, once we neutralise the influence of the sociodemographic, economic, and health characteristics of the individuals and close contact with COVID-19. In fact, the more containment and health policies, the fewer chances of sleep problems. A possible explanation for this is that these policies give people over 50 a sense of safety and security in relation to COVID-19, which may reduce sleep problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gina Voss
- Communication and Society Research Centre, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Oken BS, Kaplan J, Klee D, Gallegos AM. Contributions of loneliness to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults are independent of other risk factors and Alzheimer's pathology: a narrative review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1380002. [PMID: 38873650 PMCID: PMC11169707 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1380002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Loneliness significantly contributes to cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. Loneliness is a distressing feeling resulting from a perceived lack of social connection (i.e., a discrepancy between desired and actual social relationships), while social isolation is a related term that can be defined by number and type of social relationships. Importantly, loneliness is distinct from social isolation in that it is associated with a distressing self-perception. The primary focus of this narrative review is the impact of chronic loneliness on cognitive impairment and dementia among older adults. Loneliness has a significant association with many factors that are related to worse cognition, and therefore we include discussion on health, mental health, as well as the physiological effects of loneliness, neuropathology, and potential treatments. Loneliness has been shown to be related to development of dementia with a hazard ratio (HR) risk comparable to having a single APOE4 gene. The relationship of dementia to loneliness appears to be at least partially independent of other known dementia risk factors that are possibly associated with loneliness, such as depression, educational status, social isolation, and physical activity. Episodic memory is not consistently impacted by loneliness, which would be more typically impaired if the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia was due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In addition, the several longitudinal studies that included neuropathology showed no evidence for a relationship between loneliness and AD neuropathology. Loneliness may decrease resilience, or produce greater cognitive change associated with the same level of AD neuropathology. Intervention strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults have been developed but need to consider key treatment targets beyond social isolation. Loneliness needs to be assessed in all studies of cognitive decline in elders, since it significantly contributes to the variance of cognitive function. It will be useful to better define the underlying mechanism of loneliness effects on cognition to determine if it is similar to other psychological factors related to excessive stress reactivity, such as neuroticism or even depression, which are also associated with cognitive decline. It is important from a health perspective to develop better strategies to decrease loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry S. Oken
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Josh Kaplan
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Daniel Klee
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Autumn M. Gallegos
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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Tang VFY, Chou KL. An exploratory study on material deprivation and loneliness among older adults in Hong Kong. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:400. [PMID: 38711009 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poverty, as a risk factor for loneliness, has been understudied, and there is a need to gain a better understanding of the relationship between poverty examined by material deprivation and loneliness among older adults in Hong Kong. It also aimed to explore the possible mediation and moderation effects of social support, social networks, neighborhood collective efficacy, and social engagement in the link between material deprivation and loneliness. METHODS 1696 Chinese older adults aged 60 years and above (Mage = 74.61; SD = 8.71) participated in a two-wave study. Older adults reported their loneliness level, material deprivation, perceived level of social support, social network, neighborhood collective efficacy, social engagement, and sociodemographic information. Logistic regression was conducted to examine the effect of material deprivation on loneliness, as well as the mediation and moderation models. RESULTS The results indicated that material deprived older adults reported a significantly higher level of loneliness 2 years later when controlling for demographic variables, health-related factors, and loneliness at baseline. We also found that engagement in cultural activities partially mediated the effect of material deprivation and loneliness. Furthermore, neighborhood collective efficacy and engagement in cultural activities were significant moderators that buffer the relationship between material deprivation and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested the need to alleviate the negative impact of material deprivation on loneliness by developing interventions focused on promoting neighborhood collective efficacy and social engagement, which could be aimed at building meaningful bonds among Chinese older adults in Hong Kong.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kee Lee Chou
- The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Rd, Tai Po, Hong Kong
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Lawrence C, Marini CM. Loneliness and Marital Quality as Predictors of Older Adults' Insomnia Symptoms. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2024; 98:243-262. [PMID: 37849274 DOI: 10.1177/00914150231208013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined associations between marital quality, loneliness, and sleep within a nationally representative sample of older adults who participated in Wave 2 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP). Participants (N = 559) had a spouse or partner and completed a novel sleep module that included subjective (i.e., insomnia symptoms) and objective (i.e., wake after sleep onset;WASO) markers of sleep. Upon controlling for demographics and markers of mental and physical health, a distinct pattern of findings emerged for subjective versus objective markers of sleep. Regarding subjective sleep, older adults who experienced greater loneliness reported more insomnia symptoms, but only when spousal emotional support was low-moderate. Regarding objective sleep, older adults who reported more affectionate touch from their spouse experienced less WASO. Collectively, these findings identify specific aspects of marital quality that may have unique implications for partnered older adults' subjective and objective sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Lawrence
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Christina M Marini
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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Ekström H, Svensson M, Elmståhl S, Wranker LS. The association between loneliness, social isolation, and sleep disturbances in older adults: A follow-up study from the Swedish good aging in Skåne project. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121231222823. [PMID: 38249948 PMCID: PMC10798090 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231222823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this follow-up study was to investigate whether loneliness and social isolation in a sample of older adults, mean age of 67.4 years at baseline examination, were associated with sleep disturbances at re-examination at a mean age of 76.4 years. Methods The study sample consisted of 2897 participants. Data on loneliness, social isolation, and sleep disturbances were collected through questionnaires and medical examinations. Logistic regression models were constructed to identify associations between levels of loneliness and social isolation at baseline and sleep disturbances at follow-up. Sociodemographic and health-related confounding factors were controlled for in the models. Results Sleep disturbances were reported by 25.6% (95% CI: 24.0%-27.2%) at baseline and 23.7% (95% CI: 22.1%-25.3%) at re-examination. Odds ratios for sleep disturbances at re-examination in relation to not being lonely or socially isolated were as follows: single occasions of loneliness (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.78), recurring periods/constant loneliness (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.01-1.99), less severe social isolation (OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.78-1.79), and severe social isolation (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.49). Discussion Sleep disturbances are common among older adults and are associated with loneliness and social isolation. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential effects of loneliness and social isolation when investigating sleep disturbances in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Ekström
- The Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Markus Svensson
- The Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sölve Elmståhl
- The Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Sandin Wranker
- The Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Patapoff MA, Jester DJ, Daly RE, Mausbach BT, Depp CA, Glorioso DK. Remotely-administered resilience and self-compassion intervention targeting loneliness and stress in older adults: a single-case experimental design. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:369-376. [PMID: 37814972 PMCID: PMC10842569 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2262411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness and chronic stress are prevalent issues for older adults that have been linked to adverse health outcomes. We conducted a remote resilience and self-compassion intervention targeting loneliness and chronic stress. METHODS This study utilized a multiple-phase-change single-case experimental design with three consecutive 6-week phases: control, intervention, follow-up. Assessments and biomarker collection (blood pressure, inflammation, sleep actigraphy) were conducted at each phase. Participants completed a 6-week remotely-administered resilience and self-compassion intervention using techniques from cognitive behavioral therapy and resilience training. Repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted over the 12-week period from control (week 0) to intervention completion (week 12) and over the 18-week period from control (week 0) to follow-up (week 18) in supplemental analyses. RESULTS Participants reported a reduction in stress (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.15), depression (p = 0.02; ηp2 = 0.08), and loneliness (p = 0.003; ηp2 = 0.18), and an increase in self-compassion (p = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.13) from control to intervention completion (weeks 0-12). Post-hoc tests revealed that stress reduced significantly during the intervention phase (weeks 6-12) and loneliness reduced significantly during the control phase (weeks 0-6). Some improvements in blood pressure, inflammation, and sleep quality were noted in a subsample of participants. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that our remote resilience and self-compassion intervention for older adults targeting loneliness and chronic stress was efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly A Patapoff
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dylan J Jester
- Women's Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN), VA Palo Alto Health Care System
| | - Rebecca E Daly
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Brent T Mausbach
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Colin A Depp
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danielle K Glorioso
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Chang H, Ruan W, Chen Y, Cai L, Liu X. Gender differences in the relationship between loneliness and health-related behavioral risk factors among the Hakka elderly in Fujian, China. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1196092. [PMID: 37333935 PMCID: PMC10272343 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1196092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction To explore gender differences in the relationship between loneliness and health-related behavioral risk factors (BRFs) among the Hakka elderly. Methods Loneliness was measured by the UCLA Loneliness Scale Short-form (ULS-8). Seven BRFs were examined. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and post hoc tests were conducted to compare the differences in ULS-8 scores among the Hakka elderly with different BRFs. Generalized linear regression models were employed to examine the associations of specific BRF and its number with the ULS-8 scores among the Hakka elderly in male, female, and total samples. Results Physical inactivity (B = 1.96, p < 0.001), insufficient leisure activities participation (B = 1.44, p < 0.001), unhealthy dietary behavior (B = 1.02, p < 0.001), and irregular sleep (B = 2.45, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with the ULS-8 scores, whereas drinking (B = -0.71, p < 0.01) was negatively associated with the ULS-8 scores in the total sample. In males, insufficient leisure activities participation (B = 2.35, p < 0.001), unhealthy dietary behavior (B = 1.39, p < 0.001), and irregular sleep (B = 2.07, p < 0.001) were positively associated with the ULS-8 scores. In females, physical inactivity (B = 2.69, p < 0.001) and irregular sleep (B = 2.91, p < 0.001) was positively correlated with the scores of ULS-8, while drinking (B = -0.98, p < 0.05) was negatively associated with the ULS-8 scores. More BRFs were significantly related to greater loneliness (p < 0.001). Conclusion There are gender differences in the relationship between loneliness and BRFs among the Hakka elderly, and individuals with more BRFs were more likely to feel loneliness. Therefore, the co-occurrence of multiple BRFs requires more attention, and integrated behavioral intervention strategies should be adopted to reduce the loneliness of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajing Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Ruan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yating Chen
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longhua Cai
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Collinge AN, Bath PA. Socioeconomic Background and Self-Reported Sleep Quality in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4534. [PMID: 36901540 PMCID: PMC10001974 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted sleep quality. However, research regarding older adults' sleep quality during the pandemic has been limited. This study examined the association between socioeconomic background (SEB) and older adults' sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data on 7040 adults aged ≥50 were acquired from a COVID-19 sub-study of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). SEB was operationalized using educational attainment, previous financial situation, and concern about the future financial situation. Sociodemographic, mental health, physical health, and health behavior variables were included as covariates. Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression were used to examine associations between SEB and sleep quality. Lower educational attainment and greater financial hardship and concerns were associated with poor sleep quality. The relationship between educational attainment and sleep quality was explained by the financial variables, while the relationship between previous financial difficulties and sleep quality was explained by physical health and health behavior variables. Greater financial concerns about the future, poor mental health, and poor physical health were independent risk factors for poor sleep quality in older adults during the pandemic. Healthcare professionals and service providers should consider these issues when supporting older patients with sleep problems and in promoting health and wellness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam N. Collinge
- Information School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK
| | - Peter A. Bath
- Information School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK
- School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK
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Jiang X, Liu G, Xu J, Li H, Wang J, Pang M, Li S, Xu L, Guo X, Kong F. The relationship between oral health status, loneliness, and sleep quality among the migrant elderly following children in Weifang, Shandong Province, China: A comparative analysis on different migration types. Front Public Health 2023; 10:1053690. [PMID: 36845346 PMCID: PMC9945269 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1053690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The migrant elderly following children (MEFC) are a vulnerable group that emerged during fast urbanization in China. The MEFC faced physical and psychological discomfort upon their arrival in the inflow city, particularly those who came from rural areas. Objective This study aimed to explore the relationship between oral health status, loneliness, and sleep quality among the MEFC in China and to clarify the disparities in the above mentioned relationship by migration type. Methods In 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted in Weifang, Shandong Province, using multistage cluster random sampling to collect data from the MEFC aged 60 years and over. In total, 613 respondents [525 rural-to-urban (RTU) and 88 urban-to-urban (UTU)] were included in the final database. The chi-square test, t-test, and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to investigate the relationship between oral health status, loneliness, and sleep quality among the RTU and UTU MEFC. Results Total scores [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] for oral health status, loneliness, and sleep quality were 54.95 ± 6.47, 8.58 ± 3.03, and 4.47 ± 3.60, respectively. SEM revealed that, among the RTU and UTU MEFC, oral health status was positively and significantly related to sleep quality; however, the correlation was slightly stronger in the UTU MEFC. In both groups, there was a significant negative correlation between oral health status and loneliness, which was stronger in the UTU MEFC. In the RTU MEFC, a significant negative correlation between loneliness and sleep quality was observed, and in the UTU MEFC, no significant association between loneliness and sleep quality was observed. Conclusion The sleep quality among the MEFC in this study was higher compared to previous studies. Oral health status was negatively correlated with loneliness and positively associated with sleep quality, whereas loneliness was negatively correlated with sleep quality. These three associations differed significantly between the UTU and RTU MEFC. The government, society, and families should take measures to improve oral health and reduce loneliness among the MEFC to improve their sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxu Jiang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Guangwen Liu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hexian Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mingli Pang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shixue Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lingzhong Xu
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Guo
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fanlei Kong
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Vasan S, Eikelis N, Lim MH, Lambert E. Evaluating the impact of loneliness and social isolation on health literacy and health-related factors in young adults. Front Psychol 2023; 14:996611. [PMID: 36777213 PMCID: PMC9911678 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.996611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In current study, we aim to extend previous research by investigating the unique impact of loneliness on health literacy and health-related factors of young adults, after controlling for social isolation, depressive symptomology, and social anxiety, as well as evaluate how social isolation and loneliness differ in their impact on health literacy, and health-related factors among young adults, after accounting for abovementioned concomitant variables. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, 521 young adults completed an online survey in 2020, where they self-reported their loneliness, social isolation, health-related factors, and health literacy data. Results Increased loneliness was associated with decrease in several health literacy domains (e.g., poorer social support for health, lower appraisal of health information, among others) and increase in some health-related factors (e.g., higher perceived stress, higher negative affect), among young adults, even after controlling for social anxiety, depressive symptomology, and social isolation. Contrastingly, increase in social isolation was associated with changes in some health-related factors - more somatic health complaints, higher alcohol use, poorer cognitive and physical functioning, and lower scores for only one health literacy domain (i.e., social support for health) among young adults, after adjusting for the influence of social anxiety, depressive symptomology, and loneliness. Conclusion Even after accounting for the influence of several co-occurring social and mental health symptoms, higher loneliness was associated poorer health literacy and health-related factors in young adults. We also found loneliness and social isolation may differ in the mechanisms through which they impact health literacy and health-related factors in young adults.
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Deng M, Qian M, Lv J, Guo C, Yu M. The association between loneliness and sleep quality among older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 49:94-100. [PMID: 36470104 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies and explore the association between loneliness and sleep quality among older adults. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted in 8 databases from their inception to February 28, 2022. Studies that investigated the association between loneliness and sleep quality among older people were obtained. Comprehensive Meta-analysis was used to meta-analyze data in the included studies. RESULTS In total, 16 studies with 23,485 participants were included in this review, and 6 of these studies were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that older adults who were lonely were significantly more likely to suffer from low sleep quality than their counterparts without loneliness (pooled OR = 1.750, 95% CI: 1.511-2.026, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Loneliness is associated with poor sleep quality among older adults. Loneliness reduction measures should be considered as one of the essential elements in sleep management programs for older people with low sleep quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Deng
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Min Qian
- Department of Nursing, Beijing Ji Shui Tan Hospital and the 4th Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Lv
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Chenming Guo
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- School of Nursing, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Rd., Haidian District, Beijing, China.
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Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Chinese version of the loneliness scale for older adults. Geriatr Nurs 2022; 48:190-196. [PMID: 36272342 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2022.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Loneliness is emerging as a public health problem. Due to the social and emotional attributes of loneliness, there is a lack of multidimensional-related research and an effective scale with which to evaluate the loneliness of older adults in China. We intend to translate and psychometrically validate the Chinese version of the loneliness scale for older adults (C-LSOA). A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 415 older adults in Huzhou, China. Content validity, construct validity, concurrent validity, and reliability were used to assess the scale's psychometric properties. Exploratory factor analysis of the C-LSOA extracted five common factors, and confirmatory factor analysis fit well. The model fit parameter values were X2/df = 2.060, CFI = 0.912, TLI = 0.902, RMSEA = 0.064, and SRMR = 0.060. The scale's content validity index was 0.93. The Cronbach's α for the total scale was 0.868, and the test-retest result was 0.854. The correlation between the C-LSOA and UCLA was 0.886, with good concurrent validity. The results indicated that the C-LSOA could be used to measure the loneliness of older adults in Chinese communities.
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Hajek A, König HH. Loneliness, perceived isolation and sleep quality in later life. Longitudinal evidence from a population-based German study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 103:104795. [PMID: 36058046 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, there is restricted knowledge regarding the association between loneliness, perceived social isolation and sleep quality based on longitudinal studies. Our aim was therefore to clarify the association between loneliness, perceived social isolation and sleep quality stratified by sex using a longitudinal approach. METHODS Longitudinal data (wave 5 and wave 6) were used from a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling individuals ≥ 40 years in Germany. In our analytical sample, n equaled 8784 observations. The Bude and Lantermann tool was used to quantify perceived social isolation and the De Jong Gierveld tool was used to measure loneliness. Relying on key items of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, sleep quality was assessed. RESULTS Increases in loneliness were associated with worsening sleep quality (in men: in two outcomes; in women: in all three outcomes). Moreover, in men, increases in perceived social isolation was associated with decreases in overall sleep quality (β = 0.10, p < 0.01), but not with the other outcomes. In contrast, perceived social isolation was not associated with changes in any of the outcome measures in women. CONCLUSIONS Increases in loneliness were particularly associated with worsening sleep quality among women, whereas the overall sleep quality decreases when perceived social isolation increases in men. Efforts to reduce perceived social isolation (men) and loneliness (in men, but particularly in women) can contribute to sleep quality in individuals aged 40 years and over in Germany.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hajek
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Center for Health Economics, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
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14
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Gezgin Yazici H, Ökten Ç. The Insomnia and Loneliness of Elderly Individuals and Affecting Factors During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Turkey. SOCIAL WORK IN PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 37:601-608. [PMID: 35287564 DOI: 10.1080/19371918.2022.2053630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the loneliness and sleep problems of older people and the variables during the COVID-19 in Turkey pandemic and the variables that affect them. Snowball sampling was used in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. Google forms, personal information form, the UCLA Loneliness Scale III and the Insomnia Severity Index were used to collect data in December 2020. The questionnaire link was disseminated by e-mail and social media. By clicking the link, the participants were automatically directed to information about the study and received informed consent forms. The participants were urged to send the questionnaire to as many individuals as they could. This research was conducted with 412 participants. Education level and perceived health status affected their loneliness. The older people had loneliness and sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, and these problems were affected by sociodemographic variables. Loneliness and insomnia are positively correlated, and loneliness affects the severity of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Havva Gezgin Yazici
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Mental Health Nursing Department, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Ökten
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Nursing Department, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey
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15
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Marini CM, Zhaoyang R, Martire LM, Buxton OM. The Social Context of Partnered Older Adults' Insomnia Symptoms. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 97:18-34. [PMID: 36172628 PMCID: PMC10043039 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221128973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The current study included an examination of social factors that mitigate or exacerbate insomnia symptoms among older adults who are married or living with a partner. We first examined the unique effects of spousal support and strain on insomnia symptoms and then evaluated the degree to which extramarital social factors (e.g., friend support) moderated spousal influences. Data came from Waves 2 and 3 of the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project. Our sample consisted of 495 participants who were either married or cohabitating with a partner (M age in years = 69.84, SD = 8.08). Spousal strain-but not support-predicted higher insomnia symptoms 5 years later. Spousal influences on sleep, however, were moderated by extramarital factors in nuanced ways. Findings highlight the importance of taking into account older adults' wider social context when examining the ways in which sleep is sensitive to positive and negative aspects of marital quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Marini
- Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, 3479Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Ruixue Zhaoyang
- The Center for Healthy Aging, 311285The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lynn M Martire
- The Center for Healthy Aging, 311285The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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16
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Cené CW, Beckie TM, Sims M, Suglia SF, Aggarwal B, Moise N, Jiménez MC, Gaye B, McCullough LD. Effects of Objective and Perceived Social Isolation on Cardiovascular and Brain Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e026493. [PMID: 35924775 PMCID: PMC9496293 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Social isolation, the relative absence of or infrequency of contact with different types of social relationships, and loneliness (perceived isolation) are associated with adverse health outcomes. Objective To review observational and intervention research that examines the impact of social isolation and loneliness on cardiovascular and brain health and discuss proposed mechanisms for observed associations. Methods We conducted a systematic scoping review of available research. We searched 4 databases, PubMed, PsycInfo, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, and Scopus. Findings Evidence is most consistent for a direct association between social isolation, loneliness, and coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. However, data on the association between social isolation and loneliness with heart failure, dementia, and cognitive impairment are sparse and less robust. Few studies have empirically tested mediating pathways between social isolation, loneliness, and cardiovascular and brain health outcomes using appropriate methods for explanatory analyses. Notably, the effect estimates are small, and there may be unmeasured confounders of the associations. Research in groups that may be at higher risk or more vulnerable to the effects of social isolation is limited. We did not find any intervention studies that sought to reduce the adverse impact of social isolation or loneliness on cardiovascular or brain health outcomes. Conclusions Social isolation and loneliness are common and appear to be independent risk factors for worse cardiovascular and brain health; however, consistency of the associations varies by outcome. There is a need to develop, implement, and test interventions to improve cardiovascular and brain health for individuals who are socially isolated or lonely.
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17
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Asadollahi A, Ghajari O, Yarelahi M, Abnoos AB, Charkazi A. Relationship between health status and loneliness among Kazak older adults in Iran: A cross-sectional study on their sense of loneliness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03127-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Luo X, Hu C. Loneliness and sleep disturbance among first‐year college students: The sequential mediating effect of attachment anxiety and mobile social media dependence. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Luo
- Mental Health Education Center Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Chunnan Hu
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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19
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Health effects of loneliness and social isolation in older adults living in congregate long term care settings: A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 102:104728. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Azizi-Zeinalhajlou A, Mirghafourvand M, Nadrian H, Samei Sis S, Matlabi H. The contribution of social isolation and loneliness to sleep disturbances among older adults: a systematic review. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:153-163. [PMID: 38469248 PMCID: PMC10900038 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A large number of older people encounter both objective and subjective types of social isolation and sleep disorders. Social isolation increases a person's risk of a wide range of adverse health outcomes and premature death. Social isolation can cause poor sleep quality that has been proposed as one of the possible mechanisms by which social isolation affects people's health and quality of life. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between objective and subjective social isolation with sleep difficulties among older adults. All articles in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, PsycInfo, and Social care online databases published by December 2020 were systematically searched for relevant published articles. Two authors separately checked the acceptability and quality of the studies using the Newcastle Ottawa checklist. Any disagreement was resolved by consulting the third author. According to the inclusion criteria, 11 studies were systematically reviewed, of which five were cross-sectional, and six were longitudinal studies. No meta-analysis was performed due to the high heterogeneity of the studies. Based on the present study results, both objective and subjective social isolation are related to sleep disturbance in older people. This systematic review showed that objective and subjective social isolation are associated with low sleep quality. It is recommended to investigate the causal relationships and possible pathways that affect the studied variables in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akbar Azizi-Zeinalhajlou
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Department of Midwifery, Social Determinants of Health Research Centre, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Haidar Nadrian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siros Samei Sis
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Matlabi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Geriatric Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attare Neishabouri St, Tabriz, 5165665811 Iran
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21
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Crespo-Sanmiguel I, Zapater-Fajarí M, Garrido-Chaves R, Hidalgo V, Salvador A. Loneliness and Health Indicators in Middle-Aged and Older Females and Males. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:809733. [PMID: 35359585 PMCID: PMC8961269 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.809733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loneliness is a complex and uncomfortable feeling that results from the perception of a lack of desired personal and social ties. Loneliness is accentuated with aging. It has been related to a wide range of objective and subjective health indicators and is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. One of the proposed underlying mechanisms through which loneliness affects health is the dysregulation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. However, the relationship between loneliness and cortisol, the main product of the HPA axis, is unclear and requires more research. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate the relationships between loneliness, subjective health, and cortisol indexes, taking the sex into account, and investigate whether the HPA axis mediates the relationship between loneliness and subjective health. For this purpose, 79 participants (between 55 and 75 years old) completed several scales on loneliness, depression, perceived stress, psychological and physical health, and social relationships. Various salivary cortisol measurements were obtained on two consecutive days. The initial results showed that loneliness was related to psychological and physical health in the mixed-sex sample. However, when covariates were introduced, loneliness was only associated with psychological health in males. In addition, the cortisol indexes employed were not related to loneliness and did not mediate the relationship between loneliness and subjective health. Hence, we did not find a relevant role of the HPA axis in the association between loneliness and subjective health. More severe perceptions of loneliness would probably be necessary to detect this role. Overall, these results also show that the expected negative outcomes of loneliness associated with aging can be countered by an active life that can compensate for the natural losses experienced with age or at least delay these negative outcomes. Finally, some sex differences were found, in line with other studies, which warrants further examination of social variables and dimensions related to gender in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Crespo-Sanmiguel
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mariola Zapater-Fajarí
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ruth Garrido-Chaves
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanesa Hidalgo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Area of Psychobiology, IIS Aragón, University of Zaragoza, Teruel, Spain
- *Correspondence: Vanesa Hidalgo,
| | - Alicia Salvador
- Laboratory of Social Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychobiology-IDOCAL, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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22
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Xiao S, Shi L, Xue Y, Zheng X, Zhang J, Chang J, Lin H, Zhang R, Zhang C. The relationship between activities of daily living and psychological distress among Chinese older adults: A serial multiple mediation model. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:462-468. [PMID: 34954333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.12.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have shed light on the mechanisms underlying the link between activities of daily living (ADL) and psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the multiple mediating roles of loneliness and sleep quality in this relationship among Chinese older adults. METHODS A total of 3250 older adults completed the Barthel Index, UCLA 20-item Loneliness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale Questionnaire. Serial multiple mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' PROCESS macro. RESULTS ADL was found to directly impact psychological distress through three significant mediation pathways: (1) loneliness (B=-0.124, 95% CI=-0.140, -0.109), which accounted for 23.98% of the total effect, (2) sleep quality (B=-0.050, 95% CI=-0.063, -0.039), which accounted for 9.67% of the total effect, and (3) loneliness and sleep quality (B=-0.015, 95% CI=-0.020, -0.012), accounting for 2.91% of the total effect. The total mediating effect was 36.56%. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional design we used limited causal interpretations. Future studies could examine longitudinal changes in outcome measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the role of loneliness and sleep quality as serial mediators of the relationship between ADL and psychological distress. Thus, for the early detection and prevention of psychological distress, it is necessary to conduct loneliness and sleep quality interventions for older adults with ADL limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Xiao
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqing Xue
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghui Chang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huang Lin
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruibin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chichen Zhang
- School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Institute of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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23
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Van Puyvelde M, Mairesse O. Do C-tactile afferents go to sleep? A potential role for somatosensory stimulation in sleep regulation. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Ju J, Qi WB, Zhang J, Cao ZJ, Tsai CL, Liu P. A Cross-Sectional Study on the Cross-Talk of the COVID-19-Related Degree of Loneliness and the Etiological Factors Among the Elderly in Central China. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:805664. [PMID: 35237190 PMCID: PMC8883135 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.805664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The outbreak of COVID-19 has undoubtedly influenced the normal lifestyle of people worldwide, including the Chinese population. This study attempted to do supplementary research to the current situation of loneliness as well as the related risk factors among the elderly in the province in central Chinese during the COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study in one of the central Chinese provinces (Henan Province) from December 2020 to March 2021 using a multistage sampling method, and 568 elderly people without cognitive impairment were interviewed. The UCLA Loneliness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), and Quality of Life Questionnaire SF-36 were adopted to collect information. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regressions to analyze the factors resulting in severe loneliness among the elderly with seldom or regular participation in physical exercises. RESULTS During the epidemic in central China, the elderly suffering from loneliness syndrome accounted for 34.2%, of which 15.5% were severely lonely. Risk factors for severe loneliness were quality of life (OR: 7.129), sleep quality (OR: 3.778), seldom exercise (OR: 4.170), poor economic status (OR: 1.769), and negative attitude toward the prospects for the epidemic control (OR: 4.033). By grouping the participants in terms of physical activity, we found that the quality of life (OR:5.778) was a significant risk factor than sleep quality (OR:2.939) in the seldom exercise group, while the only risk factor in the regular exercise group was the quality of life (OR: 5.021). CONCLUSION There was an increase in the degree of loneliness among the elderly during the epidemic, and physical activity played an active role in relieving the severe loneliness of the elderly. Therefore, for the sake of the elderly, regular participation in physical exercises should be encouraged during the duration of the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ju
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Bo Qi
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Qingdao Mental Health Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Cao
- Basic Courses Department, Shanghai I&C Foreign Languages School, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi-Lun Tsai
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Physical Education and Training, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang Y, Zuo J, Wang L, Wang Q, Wang X, Yang Q, Wu HE, Goodman CB, Wang D, Liu T, Zhang X. The Association of Drug-Use Characteristics and Active Coping Styles With Positive Affect in Patients With Heroin-Use Disorder and Methamphetamine-Use Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:739068. [PMID: 34926370 PMCID: PMC8677928 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.739068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Positive affect (PA) is crucial for individuals to cope with the current pandemic and buffer the lingering fears after it, especially for patients with substance-use disorders (SUDs). The current study aimed to explore PA and its related factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in male patients with the heroin-use disorder (HUD) and patients with the methamphetamine-use disorder (MAUD), respectively. Methods: A total of 325 male patients with SUDs (106 with HUD and 219 with MAUD, all were single-substance users) in a compulsory rehabilitation center underwent semi-structured interviews during the pandemic. The demographic information, drug-use characteristics, active coping styles (ACSs, by Simple Coping Style Questionnaire), and PA (by the Positive and Negative Affect Scale) of participants were collected and recorded. Results: There were significant differences between the two groups in age, the proportion of full-time workers before the epidemic, duration of drug use, the proportion of patients with long-term withdrawal during the epidemic, cravings, ACS, and PA. Correlation and multiple linear regression analysis showed that duration of drug use, ACS, and stable jobs were significant predictive factors for PA in patients with HUD, while long-term withdrawal, ACS, and stable jobs during the epidemic were significant predictive factors for PA in patients with MAUD. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated the factors for PA in patients with HUD and MAUD during the pandemic. The results provided a basis for the comprehensive understanding of the PA of patients with SUDs and the development of targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinsong Zuo
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Long Wang
- Sanming Taijiang Hospital, Sanming, China
| | - Qianjin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Colin B Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tieqiao Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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26
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Chiao C, Lin WH, Chen YH, Yi CC. Loneliness in older parents: marital transitions, family and social connections, and separate bedrooms for sleep. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:590. [PMID: 34686133 PMCID: PMC8532569 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research innovatively analyzed the marital transitions (i.e., divorce and widowhood) of older Taiwanese parents, their sleep problems and spousal specific characteristics (i.e., separate bedrooms for sleep and marital relationships) as well as their social and family connections, all of which were simultaneously reflected in emotional and social domains of loneliness. METHODS Data are from 1645 older parents from Northern Taiwan. Loneliness was assessed by a De Jong-Gierveld short scale with emotional and social domains. We conducted multivariate logistic regression to examine the associations of marital transitions and family/social connections regarding sleep problems and psychological well-being with loneliness in social and emotional domains. Besides sleep problems and individual socioeconomic status, we included data on couples' sleeping arrangements and marital relationships. RESULTS Social loneliness was significantly associated with being divorced (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.13-2.86) and living alone (AOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.02-2.23). In contrast, strong family cohesion and frequent weekly contact with friends were associated with lower social loneliness. Married parents who slept in separate bedrooms were more likely than bed-sharing couples to feel emotional and social loneliness, despite adjusting for their sleep problems. Furthermore, satisfactory spousal relationships significantly decreased the magnitude of associations in the social domain. DISCUSSION Our findings support significant associations between loneliness in later life and major marital transitions, family and social connections and sleep problems which differ in social and emotional domains. Independent of relationship satisfaction, separate bedrooms relate to higher risks of emotional loneliness in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei City, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei City, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare Policy, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei City, 112 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hua Chen
- Department of Bio-Industry Communication and Development, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chin-Chun Yi
- Institute of Sociology, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei City, 11529 Taiwan, Republic of China
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27
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Lutz J, Van Orden KA, Bruce ML, Conwell Y. Social Disconnection in Late Life Suicide: An NIMH Workshop on State of the Research in Identifying Mechanisms, Treatment Targets, and Interventions. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:731-744. [PMID: 33622593 PMCID: PMC8286287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Both social disconnection and suicide are significant public health concerns among older adults, and social disconnection is associated with greater risk for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors in late life. We present a synthesis of research discussed during a workshop hosted by the National Institute of Mental Health on social disconnection and late-life suicide. Social disconnection is related to suicide risk in late life via a variety of mechanisms, including biological, behavioral, and psychological correlates. Researchers in several scientific fields have begun to establish these connections and identify targets for interventions to reduce risk in late life. While research has demonstrated that social connection is amenable to change, there is little research to date on the most evidence-based interventions to mitigate social disconnection or the related risks. However, there are several promising biological, behavioral, and psychological interventions that may target various mechanisms, as well as social disconnection itself. With a relative paucity of research in this area, these lines of study are ripe for innovative investigation. In order to most effectively advance the field, we must establish more consistent definitions of social connection and disconnection; more accurately measure and assess older adults' social needs; examine the most effective approaches and modalities for assessment and intervention; take into account important contextual factors; and apply a translational, convergent scientific approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lutz
- Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry (JL), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
| | - Kimberly A Van Orden
- Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry (KAVO), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Martha L Bruce
- Department of Psychiatry (MLB), Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth, NH
| | - Yeates Conwell
- Center for the Study and Prevention of Suicide, Department of Psychiatry (YC), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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Pegorari MS, Silva CDFR, Araújo FCD, Silva JDSD, Ohara DG, Matos AP, Matos AP, Pinto ACPN. Factors associated with social isolation and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults during pandemic times: a cross-sectional study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021. [PMID: 34231774 DOI: 10.1590/0037‐8682‐0195‐2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial aspects need to be discussed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, no studies have investigated the factors associated with social isolation and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study analyzed the association of social isolation and loneliness with socioeconomic, clinical, and health characteristics, and Covid-19-related variables, among community-dwelling older adults during the pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted via a telephone survey of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Macapa, Amapa, Brazil. A structured form was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation test and a linear regression model. RESULTS Participants comprised 86 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 71.78+6.98 years. Among them, 9.3% were diagnosed with Covid-19, of whom 3.5% were hospitalized. Most participants reported no difficulty obtaining food, medicines, or attending routine medical appointments during the pandemic. Furthermore, 23.3% (n=20) were socially isolated, and 20.9% (n=18) reported feelings of loneliness. The mean values for fear, anxiety, and obsession were 19.01±7.25, 1.01±1.90, and 2.84±3.28, respectively. A moderate positive correlation was identified between loneliness and the number of diseases, and a weak positive correlation between loneliness and the number of medications and depressive symptoms and risk for sarcopenia. The linear regression model indicated that higher loneliness scores were associated with a greater number of diseases (β=0.288; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a probable resilience of the older population to Covid-19, despite the association of loneliness with many diseases in times of a pandemic.
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Pegorari MS, Silva CDFR, de Araújo FC, da Silva JDS, Ohara DG, Matos AP, Matos AP, Pinto ACPN. Factors associated with social isolation and loneliness in community-dwelling older adults during pandemic times: a cross-sectional study. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:e01952020. [PMID: 34231774 PMCID: PMC8253576 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0195-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychosocial aspects need to be discussed in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently, no studies have investigated the factors associated with social isolation and loneliness among community-dwelling older adults. Therefore, this study analyzed the association of social isolation and loneliness with socioeconomic, clinical, and health characteristics, and Covid-19-related variables, among community-dwelling older adults during the pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted via a telephone survey of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years in Macapa, Amapa, Brazil. A structured form was used to collect data. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Pearson's correlation test and a linear regression model. RESULTS Participants comprised 86 community-dwelling older adults with a mean age of 71.78+6.98 years. Among them, 9.3% were diagnosed with Covid-19, of whom 3.5% were hospitalized. Most participants reported no difficulty obtaining food, medicines, or attending routine medical appointments during the pandemic. Furthermore, 23.3% (n=20) were socially isolated, and 20.9% (n=18) reported feelings of loneliness. The mean values for fear, anxiety, and obsession were 19.01±7.25, 1.01±1.90, and 2.84±3.28, respectively. A moderate positive correlation was identified between loneliness and the number of diseases, and a weak positive correlation between loneliness and the number of medications and depressive symptoms and risk for sarcopenia. The linear regression model indicated that higher loneliness scores were associated with a greater number of diseases (β=0.288; p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest a probable resilience of the older population to Covid-19, despite the association of loneliness with many diseases in times of a pandemic.
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John-Henderson NA, Oosterhoff B, Kothe KM, Kampf TD, Hall B, Johnson LR, LaFromboise ME, Malatare M, Salois EM, Adams AK, Carter JR. Loneliness and sleep in the American Indian Blackfeet community. Sleep Health 2021; 7:429-435. [PMID: 34217696 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is largely understudied in American Indians (AIs), even though sleep is implicated in the chronic diseases which disproportionately affect AI communities. OBJECTIVE To investigate relationships between daily self-reported loneliness and sleep as measured with actigraphy. METHODS In a sample of 98 Blackfeet adults living on the Blackfeet reservation in Montana, we used Ecological Momentary Assessment and actigraphy over a week-long period to investigate relationships between loneliness and sleep. Loneliness was measured daily using the Short Loneliness Scale and actigraphy was used to measure total sleep time, sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency (SE). RESULTS Using a series of generalized linear mixed-effects models controlling for demographic characteristics, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and adverse childhood experiences, we found that those who were lonelier had higher WASO and SOL, and lower SE relative to those who were less lonely. Within-subject effects indicate that participants who were lonelier for a given day relative to their own weekly average had higher WASO that night relative to their own weekly average. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide initial preliminary evidence suggesting that loneliness may be a psychosocial factor which contributes to poor sleep in AI communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha A John-Henderson
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA; Montana State University, Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Bozeman, Montana, USA.
| | - Benjamin Oosterhoff
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA; Montana State University, Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Karalee M Kothe
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Taylor D Kampf
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Emily M Salois
- Montana State University, Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Alexandra K Adams
- Montana State University, Center for American Indian and Rural Health Equity, Bozeman, Montana, USA
| | - Jason R Carter
- Montana State University, Department of Psychology, Bozeman, Montana, USA; Montana State University, Department of Human Health and Development, Bozeman, Montana, USA
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Monterrosa-Castro Á, Monterrosa-Blanco A, González-Sequeda A. Perceived Loneliness and Severe Sleep Disorders in Adult Women during the Covid-19 Quarantine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Colombia. J Prim Care Community Health 2021; 12:21501327211025170. [PMID: 34130553 PMCID: PMC8212376 DOI: 10.1177/21501327211025170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quarantine is a measure to control COVID-19 spread, resulting in an increased
perception of loneliness. In turn, sleep disorders (SD) may be more
frequently reported in uncertain circumstances. Objectives: To identify the association between loneliness and severe SD, in women
quarantined due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out in women, between 40 and 79 years and
living in Colombia. The women were invited through social network to
complete 5 digital instruments: de Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, Menopause
Rating Scale, Fear of COVID-19 Five-item Version, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale,
and Francis Religion Scale. Bivariate analysis and adjusted logistic
regression between loneliness and SD were performed. Results: 1133 women participated, half of them under 50 years old. 43.1% had emotional
loneliness, 39.9% social loneliness and 43.3% general loneliness. SD were
identified in 6 out of 10 women, those with mild SD presented an OR of 1.84,
1.85, and 1.64, for emotional, social and general loneliness, respectively.
Loneliness was associated twice with moderate SD, and more than twice with
severe SD. Very severe SD reached OR:5.81 for emotional loneliness, OR:4.38
social loneliness and OR:4.02 general loneliness. In the presence of
religiosity, fear and anxiety due to COVID-19, statistical significance was
retained for associations, except intense SD with general loneliness. Conclusions: SD were significantly associated with loneliness in our study population. It
is important to assess sleep quality and perception of loneliness in
middle-aged women, especially during periods of quarantine due to a pandemic
to avoid health implications.
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Heymann D. The Elderly and the COVID 19 Crisis: A Chronicle of Deaths Foretold, in Isolation and Total Indifference. Front Public Health 2021; 8:602982. [PMID: 33490021 PMCID: PMC7820755 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.602982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Heymann
- Université de Nantes, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Saint-Herblain, France.,Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Castro AM, Beltrán-Barrios T, Mercado-Lara M. Assessment of the frequency of sleep complaints and menopausal symptoms in climacteric women using the Jenkins Sleep Scale. Sleep Sci 2021; 14:92-100. [PMID: 34381572 PMCID: PMC8340889 DOI: 10.5935/1984-0063.20200041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the frequency of sleep complaints (SC) and associated menopausal symptoms in climacteric women, apparently healthy, residing in three different capital cities of the Colombian Caribbean. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study which is part of the investigation project CAVIMEC [Calidad de Vida en la Menopausia y Etnias Colombianas]. Data were collected by interviewers, on a door-to-door visit. Healthy women residing in the Colombian Caribbean, 40-59 years old, were studied. Sociodemographic characteristics form and scales were applied: Menopause Rating Scale, Jenkins Sleep Scale, Perceived Psychological Stress (perceived stress), Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale, SCOFF scale (eating disorders), and Loneliness Scale by Hughes. The women were divided into two groups: with SC and without SC, according to the Jenkins scale result. Crude and adjusted logistic regressions were performed: SC (dependent variable) with sociodemographic characteristics and the results of the scales used (independent variables). RESULTS Five hundred eighty-five women were studied. 16.5% with SC. No differences were observed in age, BMI, and high blood pressure. Proportionally more women with SC had depression, anxiety, perception of loneliness, severe menopausal symptoms, somatic, psychological, urogenital, and quality of life severe impairment (p<0.05). There were no differences in eating disorders and perceived stress. In the adjusted model, only depression was associated with SC, OR: 9.81 [95% CI: 1.29-74.3], p<0.05. CONCLUSION SC were identified in 16.5% of the climacteric women of the Colombian Caribbean. In an adjusted model, probable depression was the only factor associated with SC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Monterrosa Castro
- Grupo de Investigación Salud de la Mujer. Universidad de
Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina - Cartagena - Bolivar - Colombia. ,Corresponding author: Alvaro
Monterrosa Castro. E-mail:
| | - Teresa Beltrán-Barrios
- Grupo de Investigación Salud de la Mujer. Universidad de
Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina - Cartagena - Bolivar - Colombia
| | - María Mercado-Lara
- Grupo de Investigación Salud de la Mujer. Universidad de
Cartagena, Facultad de Medicina - Cartagena - Bolivar - Colombia
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Grossman ES, Hoffman YSG, Palgi Y, Shrira A. COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems in older adults: Worries and resilience as potential moderators. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2020; 168:110371. [PMID: 32904342 PMCID: PMC7455172 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2020.110371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Older adults may experience loneliness due to social distancing and isolation during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Loneliness may further catalyze numerous poor health outcomes including impaired sleep. This study aimed to assess COVID-19 related worries and resilience as potential moderators of the loneliness-sleep problems link. Method In the midst of the lock-down period of COVID-19, we collected data using a web-based public platform from 243 Israeli older adults (mean age = 69.76, SD = 6.69, age range = 60–92). Participants completed measures of COVID-19 related loneliness, sleep problems, COVID-related worries, and resilience. Results COVID-19 related loneliness was related to more sleep problems. The loneliness-sleep association was especially strong among those with more COVID-19 related worries or among those with lower resilience. Conclusion The relationship between COVID-19 related loneliness and sleep problems is not uniform across older adults. The subjective sleep quality of those with more COVID-19 related worries or less resilience (i.e., feeling less being able to adapt to the challenging circumstances) is more susceptible to feeling lonely. Considering these variables may facilitate detection of and intervention for older adults vulnerable to aversive results in the context of COVID-19. COVID-19 loneliness positively associated with sleep problems among older adults. Sleep problems associated with loneliness depended on worries and resilience. The association was stronger for those with more COVID-19 related worries. The association was stronger for older adults with low resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaakov S G Hoffman
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Yuval Palgi
- Department of Gerontology, The Center for Research and Study of Aging, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Amit Shrira
- Interdisciplinary Department of Social Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
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Berg-Weger M, Morley J. Editorial: Loneliness in Old Age: An unaddressed Health Problem. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:243-245. [PMID: 32115602 PMCID: PMC7223173 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-020-1323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Berg-Weger
- John E. Morley, MB, BCh, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., M238, St. Louis, MO 63104,
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