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Esmaeilbeigi M, P Duncan R, J Kefford B, Ezaz T, Clulow S. Evidence for a metal disease refuge: The amphibian-killing fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis) is inhibited by environmentally-relevant concentrations of metals tolerated by amphibians. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 261:119752. [PMID: 39117053 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The amphibian-killing fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused substantial declines in Bd-susceptible amphibian species worldwide. However, some populations of Bd-susceptible frogs have managed to survive at existing metal-polluted sites, giving rise to the hypothesis that frogs might persist in the presence of Bd if Bd is inhibited by metals at concentrations that frogs can tolerate. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the survival of Bd zoospores, the life stage that infects amphibians, and calculated the LC50 after exposure to environmentally-relevant elevated concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and their combination (Cu + Zn) in two repeated 4-day acute exposure runs. We also measured the chronic sensitivity of Bd to these metals over three generations by measuring the number of colonies and live zoospores and calculating EC50 concentrations after 42 days of exposure. We then compared acute and chronic sensitivity of Bd with amphibian sensitivities by constructing species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) using LC50 and EC50 data obtained from the literature. Acute sensitivity data showed that Bd zoospore survival decreased with increasing metal concentrations and exposure durations relative to the control, with the highest LC50 values for Cu and Zn being 2.5 μg/L and 250 μg/L, respectively. Chronic exposures to metals resulted in decreased numbers of Bd colonies and live zoospores after 42 days, with EC50 values of 0.75 μg/L and 1.19 μg/L for Cu and Zn, respectively. Bd zoospore survival was 10 and 8 times more sensitive to Cu and Zn, respectively in acute, and 2 and 5 times more sensitive to Cu and Zn in chronic exposure experiments than the most sensitive amphibian species recorded. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that metals in existing metal-polluted sites may have a greater impact on Bd relative to amphibians' performance, potentially enabling Bd-susceptible amphibians to persist with Bd at these sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Esmaeilbeigi
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Richard P Duncan
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Ben J Kefford
- Centre for Applied Water Science, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Tariq Ezaz
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT, 2617, Australia.
| | - Simon Clulow
- Center for Conservation Ecology and Genomics, Institute for Applied Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Bruce ACT, 2617, Australia.
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ASSIS RHAYANEA, BENVINDO-SOUZA MARCELINO, ARAÚJO-SANTOS CIRLEYG, BORGES RINNEUE, SANTOS-FILHO ITAMARD, OLIVEIRA LEISSACAROLINA, MENDONÇA MARIAANDREIAC, SANTOS LIARAQUELS. Mutagenic effect of a commercial fungicide on Rana catesbeiana and Leptodactylus latrans tadpoles. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210161. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- RHAYANE A. ASSIS
- Instituto Federal Goiano, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Brazil
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Gonçalves MW, de Campos CBM, Godoy FR, Gambale PG, Nunes HF, Nomura F, Bastos RP, da Cruz AD, de Melo E Silva D. Assessing Genotoxicity and Mutagenicity of Three Common Amphibian Species Inhabiting Agroecosystem Environment. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2019; 77:409-420. [PMID: 31236619 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-019-00647-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians are constantly exposed to pollutants and the stress of agricultural activities. We selected three anuran amphibian species Dendropsophus minutus, Boana albopunctata, and Physalaemus cuvieri, totaling 309 individuals. We collected tadpoles in 15 permanent ponds: 5 soybean crops, 3 corn crops, and 7 nonagricultural lands. Our study provides the first comparative data on the genotoxicity and mutagenicity of three common amphibian anurans. Dendropsophus minutus was the most vulnerable species compared with B. albopunctata and P. cuvieri for comet assay and micronuclei test. However, the more significant amount of DNA damage seen in D. minutus does not mean that their populations are threatened once such species adapt well to anthropogenic disturbances. Despite, P. cuvieri was less sensitive than the other two species; the DNA damage was significantly higher in soybean crops. Physalaemus cuvieri is a leptodactylidae species that deposit their eggs in foam nests, which are essential to protect eggs from dehydration. Moreover, the foam reduces the contact of eggs with water; thus, P. cuvieri eggs could be less exposed to contaminants present in pounds, compared with D. minutus and B. albopunctata, which deposit their eggs directly in the water. Therefore, this study was sufficiently sensitive to detect genotoxic and mutagenic effects in tadpoles exposed to agroecosystems. We strongly suggest D. minutus in future biomonitoring studies that involve the comparison of anthropized versus not anthropized environments. Overall, we recommend the comet assay and micronucleus test as effective methods for the detection of genotoxic damage in amphibian anurans to the environmental disturbance, especially in agricultural sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macks Wendhell Gonçalves
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Calebe Bertolino Marins de Campos
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Guedes Gambale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Hugo Freire Nunes
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Fausto Nomura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Campus II, Itatiaia, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas 1, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Cep: 74001-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
- Departamento de Biologia, Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Carvalho WF, Franco FC, Godoy FR, Folador D, Avelar JB, Nomura F, Cruz ADD, Sabóia-Morais SMTD, Bastos RP, Silva DDME. Evaluation of Genotoxic and Mutagenic Effects of Glyphosate Roundup Original®inDendropsophus minutusPeters, 1872 Tadpoles. SOUTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HERPETOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2994/sajh-d-17-00016.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Fernandes Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Craveiro Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ribeiro Godoy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Daiany Folador
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Juliana Boaventura Avelar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fausto Nomura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Biologia, Mestrado em Genética, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Brazil
| | - Simone Maria Teixeira de Sabóia-Morais
- Laboratório de Comportamento Celular, Departamento de Morfologia, Mestrado em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo e Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
- Laboratório de Genética e Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Gonçalves MW, Marins de Campos CB, Batista VG, da Cruz AD, de Marco Junior P, Bastos RP, de Melo E Silva D. Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of Atrazine Atanor 50 SC on Dendropsophus minutus Peters, 1872 (Anura: Hylidae) developmental larval stages. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:730-737. [PMID: 28531839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The potential mutagenic and genotoxic effects of the herbicide atrazine were investigated in different developmental stages of Dendropsophus minutus tadpoles. These animals were exposed to 4 nominal concentrations of atrazine (2.25, 4.5, 9, and 18 mg/L) and 40 mg/L of Cyclophosphamide as a positive control, for 96 h. Negative controls were also added to the experiment. The tadpoles were divided into three groups according to Gosner's developmental stages, namely GS 25-33 as premetamorphic, GS 36-39 as prometamorphic, and GS 42-43 as metamorphic climax. Our results showed that the premetamorphic and metamorphic stages were more sensitive than the prometamorphic stage to the herbicide. A comet assay and micronucleus test for the sensitive stages demonstrated DNA damage in a concentration-dependent curve. Although a dose-response effect was not observed for the prometamorphic stage, a statistically significant difference was found between the treatment of 18 mg/L and the negative control. Moreover, the highest concentration of atrazine showed both the largest amount of DNA damage and the highest micronucleus frequency regardless of the developmental stage of D. minutus. In conclusion, atrazine was genotoxic and mutagenic for D. minutus in a dose-sensitive manner, dependent on larval developmental stages. Considering the prometamorphic stages showed no dose-response effect to atrazine, we suggest caution when using this stage in biomonitoring studies in order to avoid false negative results. Amphibians have been proven to be useful bioindicators, and we suggest replicating biomonitoring studies using different species to represent ecosystems' environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macks Wendhell Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Vinícius Guerra Batista
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Divino da Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Paulo de Marco Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pereira Bastos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela de Melo E Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Mutagênese, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisas Replicon, Departamento de Biologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Gonçalves MW, Vieira TB, Maciel NM, Carvalho WF, Lima LSF, Gambale PG, da Cruz AD, Nomura F, Bastos RP, Silva DM. Detecting genomic damages in the frog Dendropsophus minutus: preserved versus perturbed areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3947-3954. [PMID: 25300186 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to use the comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) and micronucleus test to assess the extent of genomic damage in the whole blood of Dendropsophus minutus from agroecosystems with great use of agrochemicals and to compare the results to those obtained from animals living in unpolluted areas. Our results indicated that specimens of D. minutus collected in perturbed areas exhibited higher amounts of DNA damage in blood cells in comparison to animals from areas free of agricultural activities. The average and standard deviation of all comet assay parameters (tail length, percentage of DNA in the tail, and olive tail moment) and micronuclei frequency were significantly higher in specimens collected in perturbed areas than in the animals from preserved areas. Our study showed that animals from perturbed areas, such as agroecosystems, tend to have higher amounts of DNA damage than animals from reference areas. Moreover, we can conclude that D. minutus tadpoles could be included as a model organism in biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Genética e Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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França FM, De Paiva TCB, Marcantônio AS, Teixeira PC, Ferreira CM. Acute toxicity and ecotoxicological risk assessment of rice pesticides to Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2015; 50:406-410. [PMID: 25844861 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2015.1011950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of some pesticides used in irrigated rice farming to Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. The LC 50-96h for commercial formulations containing bentazon, penoxsulam, vegetable oil, permethrin and carbofuran, separately and their mixtures, were determined at the proportions commonly used in the field. The limits of risk concentrations of these products for the studied species were also established. The LC 50-96h for tadpoles was 4,530 mg L(-1) for bentazon; 7.52 mg L(-1) for penoxsulam + 145.66 mg L(-1) of vegetable oil; 81.57 mg L(-1) for vegetable oil; 0.10 mg L(-1) for permethrin; 29.90 mg L(-1) for carbofuran (active ingredients), and 38.79 times the dose used in the field for the mixture of these products. The environmental risk was determined only for permethrin, and care should be taken when using the vegetable oil.
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Araújo CVM, Shinn C, Moreira-Santos M, Lopes I, Espíndola ELG, Ribeiro R. Copper-driven avoidance and mortality in temperate and tropical tadpoles. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 146:70-75. [PMID: 24291082 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Amphibians have experienced an accentuated population decline in the whole world due to many factors, one of them being anthropogenic contamination. The present study aimed to assess the potential effect of copper, as a worldwide and reference contaminant, on the immediate decline of exposed population due to avoidance and mortality responses in tadpoles of three species of amphibians across climatic zones: a South American species, Leptodactylus latrans, a North American species, Lithobates catesbeianus, and a European species, Pelophylax perezi. A non-forced exposure system with a copper gradient along seven compartments through which organisms could freely move was used to assess the ability of tadpoles to detect and avoid copper contamination. All species were able to avoid copper at a concentration as low as 100 μg L(-1). At the lowest (sublethal) concentrations (up to 200 μg L(-1)) avoidance played an exclusive role for the population decline, whereas at the highest concentrations (> 450 μg L(-1)) mortality was the response determining population decline. The median concentrations causing exposed population immediate decline were 93, 106 and 180 μg L(-1) for Le. latrans, Li. catesbeianus and P. perezi, respectively. Contaminants might, therefore, act as environmental disruptors both by generating low-quality habitats and by triggering avoidance of tadpoles, which could be an important response contributing to dispersion patterns, susceptibility to future stressors and decline of amphibian populations (together with mortality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano V M Araújo
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Cândida Shinn
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Matilde Moreira-Santos
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Evaldo L G Espíndola
- NEEA-Núcleo de Estudos em Ecossistemas Aquáticos, CRHEA, USP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Ribeiro
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Apartado 3046, 3001-401 Coimbra, Portugal
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Severtsova EA, Aguillon Gutierrez DR. Postembryonic development of anurans in ponds littered with metal-containing refuse (simulation experiments). BIOL BULL+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359013090094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Fryday S, Thompson H. Toxicity of pesticides to aquatic and terrestrial life stages of amphibians and occurrence, habitat use and exposure of amphibian species in agricultural environments. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2012.en-343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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Kuo JN, Soon AY, Garrett C, Wan MTK, Pasternak JP. Agricultural pesticide residues of farm runoff in the Okanagan Valley, British Columbia, Canada. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2012; 47:250-261. [PMID: 22428886 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2012.636588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine environmental occurrence and concentrations of selected currently-used-pesticides and some transformation products in agricultural farms in the Okanagan Valley (OKV), and to conduct a simple risk assessment of environmental pesticides levels detected in OKV on non-target aquatic organisms. The OKV is the tree fruit country of the Province of British Columbia where considerable amount of pesticides are applied annually. Water, sediment and soil samples were collected at eleven sites in early June and late September following rainfall events and/or extended periods of irrigation from drainage ditches and/or from small streams. Undisturbed reference sites were also sampled. Study results showed that forty of the eighty chemicals analyzed, including organochlorine, nitrogen-containing and organophosphate pesticides commonly used for OKV crops, were detected in runoff and small stream water samples. Among which, endosulfan-sulfate was the most frequently detected chemical. Also, azinophos-methyl (0.699-25.5 ng/L), diazinon (0.088-214 ng/L) exceeded, and α-, β- endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate approached the guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-ni Kuo
- Fresh Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance-Pacific & Yukon, Environment Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Aronzon CM, Sandoval MT, Herkovits J, Pérezcoll CS. Stage-dependent susceptibility to copper in Rhinella arenarum embryos and larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:2771-2777. [PMID: 21919040 DOI: 10.1002/etc.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Copper toxicity in different embryonic and larval stages of the common South American toad Rhinella arenarum was evaluated by means of continuous and 24-h pulse treatments in 12 different developmental stages. Lethal concentrations (LC) of 10, 50, and 90% of continuous treatment with Cu from early blastula (S.4), complete operculum (S.25), and hind limb bud (S.28) stages were plotted from 24 to 168 h, resulting from S.4 in a 24-h LC50 of 137 µg Cu(2+) /L and a 168-h LC50 of 19.5 µg Cu(2+) /L. This result was in agreement with pulse treatments that showed a high resistance to Cu at blastula and gastrula stages, whereas the organogenic period, between muscular response (S.18) and open mouth (S.21), was very susceptible to this metal. Continuous treatments from S.25 showed no significant differences along exposure time (168-h LC50 = 51 µg Cu(2+) /L), but in the case of S.28 toxicity increased slightly from a 24-h LC50 of 138.6 µg Cu(2+) /L to a 168-h LC50 of 104 µg Cu(2+) /L, pointing out that, although the larval period was significantly more resistant to Cu, there was also a remarkable stage-dependent susceptibility to this metal. Copper teratogenic potential was approximately two, and main adverse effects were reduced body size, axial flexure, microcephaly, acephaly, mouth malformations, agenesis of or underdeveloped gills, agenesis of or underdeveloped tail, and hydropsy. The results are discussed considering Cu toxicity mechanisms, an evolutionary perspective, and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Aronzon
- Programa de Seguridad Química, Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Salud (ICAS), Fundación PROSAMA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Ossana NA, Castañé PM, Poletta GL, Mudry MD, Salibián A. Toxicity of waterborne Copper in premetamorphic tadpoles of Lithobates catesbeianus (Shaw, 1802). BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2010; 84:712-715. [PMID: 20440472 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-010-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 04/14/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity parameters of Copper to pre-metamorphic larvae of Lithobates catesbeianus were evaluated in laboratory conditions. The acute toxicity (as LC-50 96 h) was 3.96 mg Cu(2+) L(-1) (95% confidence interval: 3.21-4.89); the bioconcentration of the metal after 96 h exposure followed an exponential increase. The potential genotoxicity effect evaluated with Micronucleus Test showed a reduced sensitivity of the animals to the assayed concentrations of the metal, exhibiting only a modest increase in the frequency of erythrocytes micronuclei, meanwhile larvae exposed to cyclophosphamide (positive control) showed significant increases. The Condition Factor was significantly reduced while the Hepatosomatic Index remained unaltered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Ossana
- Programa de Ecofisiología Aplicada (PRODEA-INEDES), Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Casilla de Correo 221, B6700ZBA Luján, Argentina
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14
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Vera Candioti J, Natale GS, Soloneski S, Ronco AE, Larramendy ML. Sublethal and lethal effects on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles exerted by the pirimicarb-containing technical formulation insecticide Aficida. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 78:249-255. [PMID: 19954811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of the pirimicarb-containing commercial-formulation carbamate insecticide Aficida(R) (50% pirimicarb) were evaluated on Rhinella arenarum (Anura, Bufonidae) tadpoles exposed under laboratory conditions. Lethal and sublethal effects were employed as bioassays for acute toxicity, whereas micronuclei (MNi) induction and alterations in the ratio erythrocytes:erythroblasts were employed as end-points for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, respectively. Cr(VI) (23 mg L(-1)) and cyclophosphamide (40 mg L(-1)) were employed as positive controls for toxicity and geno-cytotoxicity assays, respectively. In Gosner stage 25 (STD25), the results revealed mean values of 402.0 and 223.6 mg Aficida L(-1) for LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h), respectively. When STD37-39 tadpoles were exposed, the LC-50(24)(h) and LC-50(96)(h) reached values of 239.4 and 181.7 mg Aficida L(-1), respectively. Sublethal effects revealed a mean EC-50(96)(h) of 133.85 and 104.2mg Aficida in those STD25 and STD37-39 treated tadpoles, respectively. The results demonstrated that in 48-h-exposed tadpoles, a MNi increase was found only in those 80.0 mg L(-1) Aficida-treated individuals. When tadpoles were exposed to Aficida for 96h, only the 160 mg L(-1)-treated individuals showed a significant increase in MNi frequency. Concentrations ranging from 80.0 to 250.0mg Aficida L(-1) resulted in cellular cytotoxicity, revealed by a decreased proportion of circulating erythrocytes and an enhancement of erythroblasts. Accordingly, this species could provide a suitable and useful experimental model for biomonitoring aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Vera Candioti
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Cátedra de Citología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
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15
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Tollett VD, Benvenutti EL, Deer LA, Rice TM. Differential toxicity to Cd, Pb, and Cu in dragonfly larvae (Insecta: Odonata). ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 56:77-84. [PMID: 18421495 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-008-9170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Odonate larvae are important organisms in aquatic ecosystems but have been rarely studied in laboratory toxicity tests. Only a few previous studies have been conducted on odonates and their responses to heavy metals. We exposed two species of libellulid larvae (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) to equimolar concentrations of cadmium, lead, or copper in 7-day survival tests. Larvae were tolerant of high concentrations of cadmium and lead, as no significant decrease in survival was observed at exposures as high as 0.893 and 2.232 mM, respectively. In contrast, larvae were more sensitive to copper exposure, demonstrating significantly decreased survival to exposures as low as 2.360 microM. In whole animal samples, larvae accumulated very high concentrations (>1000 microg/g dry weight) of all three metals in an exposure-related manner. Much of this accumulation could probably be attributed to adsorption or accumulation of metal within the exoskeleton, because odonate larvae are known to sequester metals into this material. Our results were generally consistent with previous observations indicating that odonates are tolerant to metal exposures, even in comparison with other aquatic invertebrates. However, there are few studies that have used odonates in toxicity tests and compared these organisms to other aquatic life. Based on their abundance and their simple requirements in the laboratory, we believe that odonate larvae can be useful toxicological model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Tollett
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, USA
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Albrecht J, Abalos M, Rice TM. Heavy metal levels in ribbon snakes (Thamnophis sauritus) and anuran larvae from the Mobile-Tensaw River Delta, Alabama, USA. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 53:647-54. [PMID: 17713811 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-006-0175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The Mobile-Tensaw River Delta (MTD) drains more than 75% of the state of Alabama and leads into Mobile Bay and the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Although it is a relatively healthy watershed, the MTD is potentially impacted by inputs of contaminants such as heavy metals. The levels of lead, copper, cadmium, and mercury were measured in whole body samples of Eastern Ribbon Snakes (Thamnophis sauritus) collected from the MTD. Lead, copper, and cadmium levels were also measured in anuran larvae (Rana catesbeiana, R. clamitans, and Hyla cinerea). These organisms were chosen because they are abundant in the MTD and are underrepresented in environmental contaminant biomonitoring studies. Ribbon snakes had significantly lower levels of lead, copper, and cadmium compared to whole body levels in anuran larvae, indicating that these metals were not biomagnifying through upper trophic levels. Copper and mercury levels were significantly correlated with age/growth indices in ribbon snakes. Although detectable levels of all metals were found in anuran larvae and ribbon snakes, these levels appear to be less than body burdens that would be associated with toxic effects. Populations of ribbon snakes in our particular collection sites within the MTD appear to be at minimal risk of exposure to toxic levels of metals. However, the MTD contains low- and high-impact areas, and other populations within this watershed could be at higher risk of exposure to heavy metals. We found the Eastern Ribbon Snake to be an excellent snake model for contaminant biomonitoring because of its abundance, reasonable size, and ease of collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Albrecht
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama 36688, USA
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